Okay, welcome back. We have looked into ways of how we deal with conflicts. We looked a little bit more into why conflicts are there, what, and we also determined that conflicts happen because of the differences that we see in one another, what happens when conflicts take place, the emotions that rise, what are helpful ways, what are unhealthy ways of dealing with these conflicts. So we've come up to that. Now we're going to be looking at seven steps on resolving conflicts, okay? These are steps that we look off and look as instructions that we see both, we've drawn both from spiritual as well as practical ways of dealing with relationships. Now this needed just be for a husband and wife, but it could be in any form of, any other form of relationship. You could use these same principles, these same steps to resolve conflicts, okay? Now, even as we've gone going through that, there could be sometimes people or there may be people dealing in their marriages with difficult situations that may not be easily resolved by the two of them. It is good, it is helpful, it is recommended that we get the help of a counselor who's able to work with the both husband and wife as they are helped through this process. Sometimes when the pain or the rejection is really high because of certain situations or certain instances, having a third person to help you and practice this can sometimes be very useful because just dealing with issues like this between two people, between the husband and the wife, sometimes you may be following the same patterns of dealing with conflicts wrongly and not seeing any change. So getting the help of a counselor or someone to mediate may be a useful thing. So this next hour, we are going to be looking at the seven steps to resolving conflicts. Now in your books or in your notes, you would have noticed that in these seven steps, there are seven steps there and I think it's put up in a small tabular form, you see the numbers written. So the first three steps is something that you need to do individually before you meet with your spouse to resolve conflicts. So first three steps is something that you do individually and the next four, four to seven is what you engage with your spouse or whoever you're having the conflict with. So let's look at this once again. Remember now these steps are not magical. It's not that I've done all these seven steps but then still there isn't any change. But these are intentional instructions that we see from scripture as well as through practical guidelines in dealing with the conflict. So these are the most helpful steps that you'd see. So let's go through the first three. The first one is to pray and prepare your heart. Now what happens in conflict like we had spoken earlier that in conflict you will feel bitter, you could feel resentful, you could be angry and that space itself keeps you not having our hearts right with God. So if we aren't right with God or if we aren't right in what's going on we will respond from that hurt and from that bitterness. So when there is anger that takes place or when there is a conflict that takes place anger comes about and when we are in a place of deep emotional struggles we may be thinking and doing things that aren't right in the eyes of God. So the first important thing is we will need to get ourselves right with God. And the first step is to pray and prepare your heart. This is going to God in prayer coming to a place of confessing to Him where you're at, what you're feeling. Maybe it's just spending some time just sharing about your hurt, your pain and we see in the Psalms very often David did that just going to God and lamenting lamenting about his struggles, his pain or just pouring out his heart.  Now when we have come to a place of awareness that what we are going through inside the hurt, the pain, the anger we know that we aren't right we come to a place of cleansing and asking Him to cleanse us of all what is happening within. And we take that step to renounce every ill feeling that we may have towards the person in question whether it be resentment, bitterness, rage anger, upset, retaliation we renounce it and say I want to come to a place where I give up these ill feelings and when you come for cleansing you're coming to see God for His grace and help you have a heart that is pure before you come to the next few steps of four and seven, right because you need to be in a place of releasing your pain, your hurt confessing it to God, asking God to cleanse it and coming to a place of readiness to discuss your issues or the issues that have hurt you so you're coming to Him and asking for one, you're pouring out you're sharing, you're venting you're asking for a cleansing and you're asking for a healing asking the Lord to heal your heart and pain and bring about clarity, right so when we look into scripture we see the psalmist praying this examine me oh God and know my mind test me and discover my thoughts find out if there is any evil in me and guide me in a everlasting way and also the psalm that David prays created me a clean heart oh God and renew a right spirit within me, psalm 51 verse 10 so you're coming to God sharing, going through whatever pain or anger you're feeling so first and foremost is to pray and prepare your heart before you get to the next step of meeting with your with your spouse or whoever is involved now once you've come to a place of confession and praying you also need to be in a place where you're receiving the love of God to release forgiveness and we know that especially in very very difficult situations and circumstances where we're terribly wronged only God can empower us to love and walk in love humanly it is absolutely not possible it's only the spirit of God that fills our heart with his love so that we can extend forgiveness in our own strength in our own ability we all know that isn't possible it is the love that God pours out in our hearts, Romans 5 5, the love that he pours out in our hearts that's done by the power of the Holy Spirit that will help us come to a place of love and forgiveness because when the spirit is within us he's the one who produces the fruit of the spirit one of which is love so when you come to a place of being empowered by God's love by the power of the Holy Spirit and when you walk in that kind of love we are also doing what God wants us to do because when we are there we understand that we can overcome and have victory so the love that is in our hearts that is poured out by the Holy Spirit is what helps us to be patient, to be forgiving to be kind to put aside those difficult emotions and to be able to move forward so you're coming to God to be empowered by him to love and to forgive so what do we do when we are praying when we are praying we are acknowledging that the power and the work of the Holy Spirit is in us and when that is there we can walk in the love of God so no matter what the situation is when we come to God and give praise and rejoice and thank him for that his love is what helps to heal helps us to come to a place of patience and kindness so pray and thank that the Holy Spirit will empower you to walk in the love that is described in 1st Corinthians chapter 30 to 30 because it's only the Holy Spirit that can help you not hash out a whole lot of wrongs and difficulties a record of the wrongs that's been done but brings you to a place of forgiveness and helps you to let go of those hurtful or those wrong things that may have been said or done so the first two to pray and prepare your heart and the second one is to receive the the power of the Holy Spirit to empower you to love and to forgive are there any doubts are there any doubts at this point or any questions nobody? today the class has been extremely quiet I don't know if the lesson is that sobering we'll move to the third one which is so from a place of preparing our hearts having come to a place where we are open and receiving the love of God and releasing forgiveness we're also asking the Lord for wisdom and understanding to resolve the problem so the way that we resolve the problem needs wisdom so that it doesn't move a conflict into a very heated argument so it takes wisdom to know what can be some of the causes or the root causes that have given rise to the problem and where do we get our wisdom from James 1.5 says if any of you lack wisdom what does it say ask you should pray ask him and he will give to you because what he gives is generous and gracious that's what it says he will give graciously and generously to all who ask him so when you need wisdom and understanding to resolve a certain conflict ask in faith knowing that and expecting that God will lead you to the right kind of solution okay we know that the Holy Spirit is the one who gives wisdom he's the spirit of wisdom as I assess that right and he's the one who gives you the way the knowledge the understanding the idea the right solution to address whatever the matter is so one is asking the Holy Spirit the other is to go back to God's word for wisdom God's word is wisdom it helps in anything that we want it gives us instruction for anything in life so in addition to asking the Holy Spirit praying to the Holy Spirit praying and listening to the Holy Spirit we're also looking at the word to help us address some situation okay now when we're looking at wisdom I think at this point of time it's very important to differentiate the wisdom of the world and the wisdom that comes from God okay and I'd like to turn to James chapter 3 verses 14 to 18 and if any one of you can read that James 3 14 to 18 I mean 112 in the hard copies and 111 in the soft copy so would someone kindly unmute and read James 3 14 to 18 but if in your heart you are jealous bitter and selfish don't sin against the truth by boasting of your wisdom such wisdom does not come down from heaven it belongs to the world it is unspiritual and demonic where there is jealousy and selfishness there is also disorder in every kind of evil but the wisdom from above is pure first of all it is also peaceful, gentle and friendly it is full of compassion and produces a harvest of good deeds it is free from prejudice and hypocrisy and goodness is a harvest that is produced from the seeds to peacemakers plant in peace okay thank you so when you look at this this entire scripture passage it gives you a distinction about what is the wisdom of the world and what is the wisdom of God in the wisdom of the world we see that the wisdom of the world is bitter it is selfish and it is jealous that is it is motivated by these three things by these three specific emotions it tends us to be jealous it tends us to be selfish it tends us to be bitter so any wisdom that comes that motivates us to further these emotions we do see that it is sin so this kind and it says this kind of wisdom is unspiritual and it is demonic and so when there is something that is unspiritual and demonic what does it do it opens the door for more of disorder more of evil there is also disorder in every kind of evil so whenever there is jealousy or selfishness you cannot expect anything else to come so it opens the door for further evil and then that means it perpetuates that jealousy that bitterness, that selfishness, that anger it perpetuates it over and over again and then we will come back to maybe we will look at an example so let's say you know a husband or a wife goes to her friends and is talking about the way the husband maybe works late and these are very simple examples not quoting anybody here just a simple example it works late and doesn't have time for the wife so the wisdom that the world can give is if he doesn't have time why don't you also go explore outside why don't you go find ways where you can connect with other people maybe other men or bring back to you he will become jealous and he will bring he will come back now what kind of wisdom is that you see the wisdom is motivated by anger or by selfishness right and it opens the door for more unspiritual demonic work that is now let's say this woman actually goes and does this what happens the husband is not going to say oh my poor wife he is going to come rage with jealousy and anger is going to be further bitterness further violation and further disharmony lot of hurt lot of rejection so you see that this kind of wisdom the world gives is usually motivated by some form of selfishness and and there are huge number of examples that we can bring up here right the wisdom that comes from from from further strife from creating further strife whereas the wisdom of God it says is pure right it is first of all pure it's peaceful gentle friendly full of compassion produces a harvest of good deeds it's free from prejudice and hypocrisy so you see it is pure that is okay so the same example maybe a wise woman or a wise friend will say it's a good thing to go and talk to your husband about it share with him what your concerns are get support get help because it is to you need to rebuild the marriage so you are actually working towards peace working towards gentleness working towards a good deed a harvest of good deeds and working towards being a peacemaker and you're free from prejudice it says it is free from prejudice and hypocrisy meaning you're not coming very biased saying okay you know he doesn't love me he doesn't care for me but you're saying I'm going to do all that I can to share my emotions to share what I'm going through okay so how do you differentiate if you're walking in divine wisdom or especially when you're addressing a conflict if you're walking in divine wisdom or you're in earthly wisdom to know where it is motivated by if it is motivated through selfishness or is it motivated in building peace in purity okay now so even as we are praying you know and this I think is an extremely important thing to understand that the ability to have wisdom comes only from the power of the Holy Spirit and to ask the Holy Spirit for wisdom in your situation on how to resolve a certain matter so to continue to look for him seek him wait for him bring down all your thoughts and your ideas your plans before him and asking him to be Lord over those thoughts and ideas asking him to show you the root cause of those conflicts and to help come to a place of forgiveness and come to a place of being able to resolve that so even as God may be showing you some of these things you may be it may be needed for you to receive it right and that means you're asking God to help you not just forgive but to help you to correct the way certain things that are needed okay now often I see sometimes in marriages what happens is we blame the devil for a problem that we ourselves must work towards but it is true yes the enemy does steal kill and destroy and when we give him a foothold he definitely comes in all out with confusion and strife so it's important for us to really know what door we've opened what way have we opened for the enemy to walk it and cause confusion it is needed that we pronounce repent of what we have allowed the enemy we've given a free hand for the enemy to do and opened some of that so renouncing that repenting of that is a way of of using wisdom to deal with our struggles okay so the first three we spoke about praying preparing your heart receiving God's empowering to love and to forgive and to receive God's wisdom to address the situation okay now before we go to the next next four do you all have any thoughts any comments anything I'd like maybe one or two comments please anybody Jacken been very quiet today any comments any thoughts yeah I'm just thinking of my own like how much especially for me like I keep bottling stuff and then you know I know like I shouldn't be bottling it up and what happens is suddenly one find it's like a pressure cooker and even though sometimes I know like you know these are the things that you're not supposed to do and and that love forgiveness and everything has to be there then especially when it comes to your own loved ones and you expect something and it just happens sometimes but as I as I'm reviewing this class today one thing is so sure that you know God's grace and love is available for us at any point in time and then we realize that and go to him like recently it's all this I'm doing Lord I don't want to speak I don't want to think my way because everything is wrong but I know you can help me so that surrender and submission through years of marriage that I've struggled with is like only that freedom that I've got is only through that you know the prayer that the first step that we that you've shared like getting right with God so many times I'll be like why don't you speak to him God the same sermon Lord that was something the struggle that I had but when I let go of that thought and ask the Lord Lord you help me because I don't have wisdom but you can help me so at that point especially the wisdom of God it has changed my life so much because sometimes I feel the worldly wisdom is not at all wisdom because that's what the people reach and like you know in WhatsApp we get so many things like you know people will he will think that you're a doh mat and all don't allow don't allow speak for yourself but what God says is be humble humble yourself before me so when you're humbling before God then you need to be having that weakness before men so the humble for God just has to show so that's what I personally learning I didn't have the strength to strength or courage to share but thank you for bringing it out thank you thank you so much Jack and I really really appreciate I mean it's not easy for us to share these things but personally and just like you we all go through these struggles it is sometimes can be so hard to when we know and it's even worse because you know that you have to extend grace extend love extend you know it but yet you're in a place that you find it so hard but it is the grace of God that leads us to it and it is it's also a heart of obedience that is a God I'll do it because you want me to do it I don't feel like it I don't understand it but I know this is what you want me to do and yeah thank you so much for sharing that so thank you okay so let's move to the fourth fifth sixth and seventh step and these are more practical steps at least the first two are more practical steps to understand what can you do to address now if you look at all the steps the first three steps are actually easy why because it's just you and the Lord it's just you and the Lord in conversation very easy to talk to talk to God but it is challenging to discuss and address the matter which means you're going to be asking your spouse to sit with you to maybe you have to take the initiative to say you know I've thought about what happened and I'd like to come and discuss it with you right so you may face total rejection and say no I don't want to talk about anything anymore so that then the hurt comes back all over again this can be yes the most challenging step but nevertheless it's something that we need to do okay and often one way some of the things that we can consider or we should keep in mind is one prepare ourselves you know yes that preparation has happened we prepared ourselves this far we're also being intentional we are setting we set a time we set a place where you're inviting your spouse to discuss something with you okay finding that place and that time where you can actually do this together okay and as we had spoken about how do you engage with something maturely is to address one issue at a time so think about okay this is one issue maybe the way that he spoke to me or she spoke to me in front of everyone that is the one issue that I want to be addressed rather than thinking of okay I want to address this one so that some 25 problems comes it is important to just address one issue at a time okay some practical ways of dealing with it is coming to a place of talking about the issue so you're actually bringing the issue and discussing what you felt about it and you will see this in points I may not be going chronologically you can take time to read it but often when we are trying to address the problem we may not notice we may say I've said it so nicely I've said it so kindly but often the words we use can definitely not say that right so I may want to say like maybe the situation is maybe my spouse said something rude or said something to me in front of other people okay so I may say it in a very nice way you know I just wanted to share that you said this yesterday maybe you say it in a low tone account voice nevertheless the words that you may not help you know you said this you called me this name in front of my parents what do you think you would have thought of me you know you've done this to three times before and it's not a very nice thing to do right so this usually when you have sentences that have a lot of you in it it definitely leads to a defense okay so changing your language and sharing about where you're at what do you feel because of the incident so so to turn it around you'd say something like you know I felt hurt when yesterday we were all having dinner together there was a mention about something I've done in the past and it made me feel alone because everyone after hearing that laughed about it and I felt really rejected I felt alone I felt I was I didn't sense your support there so I'm sharing taking responsibility about what I'm feeling rather than sounding accusatory by saying you didn't do this you did that you did this you did this and this and this and this rather than I said I felt like this when this happened I felt bad I felt insulted when all the people over here laughed about something mentioned so taking the time to discuss what you're feeling now once you have spoken allowing the other person also to share what they have thought we often cut the other and don't give space to hear so often we listen to answer we don't listen to understand so that's important and even as we're speaking we're avoiding judging criticizing blaming attacking we're avoiding bringing up those you know those things over and over again so what are we looking at is to make the conversation absolutely honest so you're focused on talking about your feelings your thoughts your impressions so starting those discussions in that way another thing that you do when you're talking about a discussion is look at the good things that has happened so far in our relationship I've seen that you know this is really nice I really appreciate this of you this is wonderful I really feel like this but I wanted to bring up this one thing so bringing about the positives or the good things first before we talk about something negative helps and once that is when you know you're kind of giving examples or I've spoken about this then coming together to brainstorm certain different solutions to this specific problem your brainstorming alternatives to that and then you evaluating it together and finding out what is the best alternate now this can take time it's not that it's done in one sitting especially depending on the matter it can take very many different points of time till you come some of the discussions may be much more easier so discussions need to be done even though they're not easy it is something that needs to be done sometimes these discussions often cannot be sometimes can't be done just by the two people because there's so much of emotions that rising so actually getting the help of someone else really matters so lovingly discussing the matter the fifth one is to be able to resolve the matter within peace resolving the matter in peace okay in whatever situation or conflict we are attempting to resolve we're looking and doing so with a heart of peace what we're doing is we are being a peacemaker and we are being a peacekeeper so there are relationships the relationships that break with us can sometimes affect our own relationship with God so when we continue to walk when we walk in that place of love and forgiveness and peace it also works in a way in our relationship with God so whenever we are resolving a matter we're keeping this in mind how can I be a peacemaker because being a child of God what can I do to be a peacemaker what can I do to be a peacekeeper now this doesn't mean when you're saying peacemaker this doesn't mean you do not resolve issues and if I say this it's going to cause a trouble so it's best to be a peacekeeper and not say anything about that it's to working towards peace and unity by actually discussing and the matter so what you're doing so what that also means is to be able to humble ourselves to accept what I may have done which is the wrong and make changes in the way that I am doing certain things so when you do certain things it is what brings a lot of peace and confidence so flip side if you feel you have been wronged it is seeking the power what I'm doing is not holding on to something without without forgiving so when when you are in a place of forgiveness or when you're willing to forgive you're also attempting to resolve something in peace and that's one way to resolve a matter in peace is to be able to give and receive that forgiveness we remember this and just like it's written in scripture forgive as forgive one another just as the Lord has forgiven you so just as you and I have received forgiveness from the Lord we are also giving forth that forgiveness to one another so we're not just accepting what we have done wrong we are acknowledging what is wrong we apologize for what we've done wrong and recognize that whatever we've done has caused hurt and pain to the person and asking them for that forgiveness okay so when you have and this happens two ways okay it's just not one way it's something that happens both ways where both both husband and the wife seeks that forgiveness now once you have made a commitment to forgive you have made the you've come to a place of willingness to forgive you're not holding a grudge of bitterness towards your spouse about that matter what what is forgiveness means is to give up is to let go is to release that the hurt that has been caused the emotions that's been caused or any kind of anger towards the person right so it is releasing all of that that that may have bought about pain so when you're giving forgiveness what you're also doing is you're making a deliberate intentional choice that you will not repeat some offense that either you said or you did towards your spouse okay when you're choosing to let go of the past you're also choosing to not repeat a certain wrong that you've probably done when you've come to a place of confession okay the last one is to be able to release a blessing now when you're releasing a blessing the first thing you do is you need to release the past you need to release whatever has happened so you're making that choice to let go of the past that's happened and you are choosing to release blessing over your spouse so when you're paying back with a blessing what are you doing you are leaving back any form of evil as it says in first Peter chapter 3 verse 9 do not pay back evil with evil or cursing with cursing instead pay back with a blessing because a blessing is what God promised to give you when he called you so you're giving up all thoughts of evil all thoughts of anger maybe even any way that you can take revenge you're conquering all of that by releasing a blessing now releasing a blessing also means thinking thoughts of blessing where those negative thoughts come up or when you remember either the things that have been said or things that have been done the negative thoughts to come up so you're choosing to cast down those thoughts to bring down those thoughts and reminding yourself to walk in that forgiveness in the love that God has put in your heart reminding yourself that you are here to follow peace to bring about forgiveness you are here to release that forgiveness so when you make up your mind not to think about those negative thoughts then you're able God will give you the grace to begin to see your spouse in a different light and thereby release that blessing release that word that word of blessing over them these are the seven steps that we looked into the first three like I said is individual it's pray and preparing your heart it is to receive the power of God to forgive and to love the third is for wisdom the wisdom of God to deal with the situation the fourth is to discuss the matter coming forth discussing the matter the fifth is to do so in peace sixth is to for forgiveness and the seventh is to release the blessing now it's often always better to keep strife out of any home when because whenever there is a lot of anger a lot of quarreling the home becomes a place for the enemy to dwell so it becomes difficult when there is strife it becomes very difficult there is no peace at home everybody's health mental health physical experience of their homes are affected and also it opens the door for the enemy so it's important to live without strife and the best thing to do is follow the example for follow what God has in his word for us because it says in Proverbs it says with understanding in wisdom a home is built that wisdom and understanding comes from the word of God keeping our lives in the word of God keeps strife and keeps difficulties away from us alright I've come to the end of that lesson is there any thoughts any questions any comments if you would like to bring up before we end nothing then let's just close with the word of prayer Jack in may I request you to kindly close with the word of prayer please yeah sure Father God thank you Lord thank you for this time Lord God Father even at this time Lord God as you have taught us Lord God help each of us Lord God to use what you have taught us Lord God during times of conflict Lord God Father we commit each of us in your hands Lord God Father your words each to us it's correct it corrects us reduce us Lord and it strengthens and empowers us to live a peaceful life with everyone Lord Father you called us as your children to be peace makers help each of us Lord wherever that we are Lord especially our homes Lord God to store peace into our lives and to the lives of those around us Lord God so that we will be able to quickly forgive Lord God and come to reconciliation with you because you love us so much Lord God and you keep on loving us you do not count on our sins Father God and you don't keep out of our wrongs Lord help each of us Lord to diligently Lord to seek you Father with all our heart to love you Jesus Jesus my team at this name be Amen Thank you just have a I just have announcement your first assessment will be put up the online students your first assessment will be put up by tonight please engine you will have a week to complete it please ensure that you complete it because without that you will not be able to it will affect your grades okay so the first assessment will be put up for the online students for the e-learning students it's already it will be put up by five o'clock today so please ensure that you complete your grade one assessment your first assessment so that you will have your certificate barring that you may not get a certificate okay simple multiple choice questions very very very simple and it the portions are from where we started to last weeks class last week's lecture on communication it is still there that the paper has been set okay so kindly ensure that you do it and yeah please attempt that for the for the online students it will be put up by this evening so you have a week to do that anytime in the next one week you can get it done alright thank you all so much God bless your week we will meet again next Thursday God bless thank you


Hello friends. Today we will be looking for Gemini approach for two-dimensional color images in multimedia information retrieval. So learning outcome for this session is students will be able to retrieve images based on color feature using Gemini approach. So in the previous lecture we have already seen what do we mean by Gemini approach and what are the steps. So first we have to decide the distance function, second we have to find out features for a plank we can dirty test, then we have to prove that the features we have selected are correct using lower bound lemma, then use any special access method to store and retrieve f-dimensional features and then compute the actual distances for qualified objects and retrieve the result. So in color images, there is a large image database using image contents as a basic query. So what can be the features that has been used? Your color, shape, position, texture, edges are the different features that will be used and what are the potential applications for this? In the medical field, in the art, fashion, industry, everywhere we can use all these applications for retrieving the images. So consider we are having the database of still images with two main types. One is the image that is called as a scene and the other one is item. So scene as an image and item is a part of that scene. Now consider this as an image. So here the number of images in the database is n. This is our the query image. So we want to find the similar images to this particular image. So how we will find it? So we can plot, there is one method that we can plot k element color histogram for the items or a scene where k can be either 64 or 256. For each image in the database, we have to compute this k element histogram. Also we need to compute this k element histogram for query object. So since there are n images, the histograms will be n. After finding the histogram, so this is what it is representation or the histogram for this particular image. So these are the values of the images or the what is a pixel and based on that this is going to be the histogram. So once we calculate this histogram, then we have to find out the distance between two images to see that which are similar or which are dissimilar. So this is the distance function that has been suggested by the experts that color similarity matrix for measuring the distance between two histograms. So where x and y are the two objects. So this is the formula that we are finding this is going to be the quadratic function to find the distance between two histograms. So this t is nothing but the matrix transposition and color to color similarity matrix a which has the entries aij which describes similarity between color i and color j. So this is how we are finding the distances. Now here that k can be 64 or 256. So if there are 256 representation histogram, then each vector will have 256 values. And then we are computing the distance between the histogram of query object and histogram of other images or all the images present in the database. Now all the images whose distance is less than tolerance or ips long are going to be the result. This is what our sequential approach that compute the distance or find the distance between every object and the query object. And again this is going to be time consuming. There are two issues one is the dimensionality curves and the second one is quadratic nature of distance function. Now computation as we already discussed in the previous lecture also. Computation will be more expensive since the function is in quadratic in nature and if you are taking 256 element color representation that will be more cost more complex and costly. Second this dimensionality curves means the values that we are taking are too high. So distance function in feature space also involves crosstalk problem. Now what is this crosstalk problem is that when we are finding the distance between two. Now consider that this is a histogram for a particular image in the database and this is the histogram of query image. Then how we are finding the distance we are finding or we are taking the subtraction of every value with every other value present in the database. So this is the bright red color. So bright red color is compared with again bright red, pink, orange then so on up to blue all the whatever the colors are present in that image. So ideally the difference in between these two will be very high or they are going to be very much different. So this is called as a crosstalk problem. So only the color which is nearer to red should be compared with red with blue to blue and red to sorry green to green. This should happen but due to this quadratic nature of this is due to this function. So all the values for all value of i it will be compared with all the values of j and that is why so this will be compared with all then second pink will be compared with all values and so on this is crosstalk problem. So to resolve this crosstalk problem and the dimensionality curves we have to use Germany approach. So again what is the first step? The distance function. So we have already taken the dehist function as defined earlier. Second find one or more sorry one or more numerical features to qualify the to discard the non-qualifying objects. So if assume that there are thousand images so all the images are not matching. So which images are immediately matching that we have to decide in this using second method that is one or more finding the one or more numerical features. So now every pixel is described by red, green and blue component. So here we are going to find the average amount of red, green and blue component in every color image and that will be represented by this average color vector. So assume that the sizes of 2, 512 by 512 of the images then it will go on comparing that every 512 by 512 computation for all the images. Now instead of 512 by 512 we are representing it only into the three values that is average of red color component, average of green color component and average of blue color component. So p is the number of pixels in the item so if it is 512 by 512 so number of that many pixels r of p is nothing but the red component, g of p is nothing but the green component and b of p is nothing but the blue component. So as we know that every pixel or the color is defined with the combination of this RGB preferably the values will be in between 0 to 255. So every image will be represented by this vector r average, g average and blue average. So look at this again image ok so this is an image. So these are the values so from this pixel every pixel we are going to find the component and then this image will be represented instead of all these 256 values it will be represented only in three values ok. So second step is that find the number of features so we have found three features now. Now what is the next step? Prove that the simplified distance or whatever the distance between the features is going to be lower bounding the actual distance. Now here the distance is Euclidean distance d average that we are going to find between the two average color vectors. So this is the distance function and it is using that quadratic distance bounding theorem it has been already shown proved that the distance between this vectors will be always less than or equal to distance between the histogram or the distance calculated using this d-hist function ok and that is why these features are correct. So once these features are found so what we will do is that we will find if these three features for every image ok so if there are thousand images there will be thousand vectors each vector will be having three values. So these three values now the difference between that vectors that thousand vectors and the image vector will be compared and which are similar out of that thousand that is going to be found.  So assume that out of thousand some twenty images are nearer or similar to that given seen image ok. So for that only twenty images actual distance will be found using d-hist function formula which we have already seen for that images and then the distance twenty distances will be computed the images for which that twenty images or the twenty distances out of which which are less than or equal to tolerance that will be that are going to be added to the result ok. So look at this how we have done first we have found RGB vector for every image and also for query image. So here we are finding the difference in between red component and red component blue and blue and then green and green. So which will solve the crosstalk problem also then thousand computations are going to be reduced to the to the number of qualifying images so for example twenty only. So we are going to further do that to find the actual distance using d-hist formula only for that twenty images thus how Gemini approach is making that searching and indexing more faster. Thank you.


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Sean here relating sports cars ripping on 2023 Bowman's best you delight 10 box case number four I have bill M with Oklahoma Brandon W. As Georgia chase. I has Tennessee We got Christopher J with Notre Dame a UCLA Ms. Mizzou got Dan B with Ohio State got Davis M with Michigan Dominic T has Arkansas. We got Edward P with Texas and Bama Eric s has Wisconsin got Socrates with Ole Miss. We got James s with Colorado Joe D has Washington Joshua E Penn State Kale F with Clemson Mike you has the all other school spot Nick T with Duke in Florida State Peter a UNC USC Rob T has Kansas State Ryan E has LSU and Tom B has Oregon Alrighty alrighty guys. Good luck on this one case number four One more after this then we're on to person Personals in the night righty. Good luck here guys case number four Just two spots left Mizzou and Arkansas Mizzou and Arkansas last two spots on the whole night And a Brock Bowers start us off on the masterpieces for Georgia Georgia to 25 on the orange got a color match for Clemson Phil Maffa Phil Maffa Thank You Matthew taking Mizzou. Just Arkansas just Arkansas on the last one Little Maffa to 25. We got Demi Martinez on the refractor We've got Mason Smith to 100 on the fuchsia lava to 99 JJ McCarthy from Michigan and Nice one there Golda 50. There's a bulldog for you Carson Beck. I'm starting QB to 50 Gold and so 150 we got Drake May Drake made a 150 on the blue. Oh We got a dual auto this one's gonna be for Michigan to 25. It's Blake Corum and Donovan Edwards Nice one there Michigan both scored two touchdowns in the national championship That's kind of wild Davis and with Michigan. Nice one there Both the running backs both scored two touchdowns That's awesome. Yeah, that a mag on the dual To five we have an auto for the all other school spot Jacob Cohen out of Arizona And gold to 50 got Mario Williams for USC USC Thank you. Oh and closing us out. All right. You guys fool for the night Appreciate that everybody Let me You go ahead and link you guys Sam's first break tomorrow It is gonna be a bowman drafts Jumbo if you guys are interested in a team bowman draft jumbo draft jumbo Diaz Bowman draft jumbo Diaz in the morning with mr. Sam. Oh boy. Mr. Sam Check it out guys. Check it out. Got two jumbo cases. They wanted gunslingers That one's gonna be Dante Moore at a UCLA Not numbered on the gunslingers and a 50 tie Simpson for Bama Minus 39 Celsius Where are you dude, where are you North Pole she's Celsius that has got to be very very cold Goodness gracious Tie Simpson called the 50. Yeah, you just stay inside stay inside We got Sam Hartman on the base refractor to 50 got will Rogers for all of the schools This one is the 150 Blake Corum Alberta Canada, man Jesus minus 52 Jesus what's going on you in Canada too Brandon makes me ill dude. What minus 50 Celsius I have to do a conversion on No, it's not good. They call me 150 to 100 got jade not all those schools for cow and said 99. We got Brady cook Brady cook to 99 there And we got a triple auto nice one here. This is going to be for the all other school spot We got cam rising for Utah cam ward for um, Washington state and drew pine Yeah, for Arizona state. That is all other schools the 25 Get that in the back very nice Got a dual and a triple auto so far. Let's go So what nobody works on the take hold. Yeah, I can't go outside. What happens. How do people live? There is another nice one Penn State there on the color master five That's a nice one.  That's crazy Matthew.  Like like roads got to be closed. Like how do you shut down? That's wild man. I know renny gonna stop That's like over a hundred degree difference from what it is here. That's great. That's over a hundred degree difference There's a make the duct to push ups That one is organ on the insert. I like that one and that one is jacquory brooks the 25. What do you do brandon? jacquory brooks the 25 Oh, I got you Matthew. I got you They sit inside Fair fair got michael williams or georgia on the refractor we got yellow to 75 johnny wilson donalds Everybody works schools are closed indoors. Everybody stays stays out. How do you get north coast strong? Let's go 75 got some 100k club nick close my mind if you should lava It's a 25 kj jefferson on the orange Um, I think yeah, that's fair. I don't know. What was that? It's jace. Oh, I'm not sure jace. Maybe uh, ea might be the ea name Yeah, 25 kj jefferson. We got gold to 50 mckeye lemon Like not the not the xbox name, but the ea account whatever it is And gold to 50 on the auger. Nice one there wisconsin is braylon allen. Did you email me? Nice little one there. I'll send you mine Outdoors indoors gotta get her done. I feel that's there. I get it. I get it feel that Let's have some nice jackets got a uh, john reese plumbly on the refractor And on the patch out was gonna be true aller for penn state penn state doing well on this one True aller Very nice one there turbo heater on engine block box number four Set up essential services.  Yeah pretty much for a michelin man I couldn't the michelin man. I couldn't imagine. No I I go outside right now. I'm freezing. There's a fusion of um, chris fazina and k clubnik both for uh, Clemson there Like these die cuts, man really cool for Clemson on the fusion. Uh, 15 nice one there. Knowles, uh, johnny wilson Go knows the 15 would be in the draft as well Troy franklin refractor i'll figure it out. 275 nice. Kayla williams for usc Got so 150 karson beck and so 100 elie holstein on the um fuchsia lava We plug our cars in at night It's a 99 bronson baron on the green. Uh mini diamond Plug our cars in at night. Oh, what the hell, man, it'll freeze Good luck in the more. Yeah, you can't get it started. That's fair. Jesus. That's crazy and gold the 50 is mario williams Nice out of their usc and we got a um chop Robinson first one i've seen there for a penn state Chop Robinson First time i've seen his name And a patch on those gonna be jord drabis go nulls On the uh prospect jumbo relic auto nice one there jt Fox five there you go shady Let's go shady on the travis men on it. Oh nice one there for um, michigan's gonna be masterpieces blake coral It's one there to go with your jewel auto to 25 And 25 there's an Xavier words a nice color match there texas You go texas nice Xavier on the color match that is clean Four out of five the whites are very clean on this Pesomphadon, how are we doing? I know that's what my daughter said.  Cold is everywhere. Devin leary except for here You got some 150 grant wells to 75 gonna be jupy And 299 for bamma is gonna be dallas turner Dallas turner for bamma Multi-auto case here It's a 150 got a blue dill in gabriel and right in front of it. We have a refractor auto michael pennix jr Nice one there washington speaking of washington mr. Joe d michael pennix jr on the refractor auto And right behind it We have triple auto for washington And it's gonna be michael pennix roma dunesay and jaylin mcmillan Boom, good news gracious 10 out of 10 on the triple auto. What's up? We go joe d. What a uh, what a washington box there What's up, eric got the two receivers and the qb get that in the mag man That is the second triple and uh, he had a dual auto as well Get that in the mac and crats washington man. That is clean Two very good receivers and a 75 right behind it from michigan. We got jj mccart Hey, what's up, eric how we doing sir? It's evening technically. Yeah 12 11. I guess it is kind of kind of in the mid-range there Good to see you either way, eric. How are we doing today? Nice one there from michigan as well I had to do a lot of Alrighty guys box number six What a case so far man jeez Sold out on the next one as well Yeah, they might have actually a uh, they might have a guy on one of the triple autos But yeah, they don't have a triple there's studious stars kj Studio stars and there's a kindle milton. Nice one. They're georgia. They're running back for uh, georgia to five A lot of whites to five on this one too Really nice case here. There we go georgia Come on brandon brandon Yeah, right just uh, just got there just got there. We got a kj jefferson arkansas of 25 Got to 150 michael pennix we go washington Another pennix and two 100 gonna be calm a court Oh house date kj jefferson that was gonna be to 99 green mini diamond There's shady. There's shady 99 kj jefferson to 25. We got frank gore jr. That'll be the all other school spot auntie chill all of the schools for um southern miss frank gore jr We've got riley lennard on the um refractor auto nice what they're due gonna be the new uh, noder dame qb Riley Leonard And nice one there to 50 is going to be a goal on the back elements of the game bow nicks Nice auto organ And a lot of good names in this one, man. It's about four boxes left Box number seven. It's my dog Are you somewhere in this cold eric? We were talking about some of where are you at? Some of these temperatures going on around the country right now or the countries I should say with Yeah, can't include. Yep. Yep. Yep masterpieces gold. Nice one. They're marf mom and harrison for a house date and a 25 right back to a house date brandon inis Brandon inis Uh, john reese refractor Shady to 99 got a green uh mini diamond karson beck for georgia Oh, man God, it's a 150 bucky urban It was efficient. How you just saw that those booklet sketches are so sick, man They uh, they take their time on those make some really nice. Uh, really nice art airs to um, 75 richard reese And we got two 99 green.  I did see that. Yeah, so you sent me that That's crazy Or a parking lot dispute To see it. That is uh, just put your blinders on your car Walked here some cars at football game, man, especially in miami at a football game when you're the opposite team I got you eric. You're in uh, south carolina. Yeah, so not quite as cool drive pretty cold But yeah, nothing nothing quite like that Ooh, there we go to 49. We got um patch auto. Caleb williams There we go. We'll get a mag on that for usc on the two-color patch to 49 There we go usc That one is uh, mr. Peter. Nice. Caleb should be our first pick in the drafts here coming up Yeah, I know shady. I hate seeing that. I hate seeing norvel as a uh potential, uh, Bama coach. I saw that today. Uh, espn or someone posted that Did not make me happy did not make me happy Yeah, that's a nice one Caleb.  Hawaii california floor right here in Ohio. Then I go to Ohio Kim rising to face this Ooh Case is good. I'm a fractured orange singer, man. Yeah, 2 100. That's going to be a fuchsia lava That one's going to be brandon ennis for a house date 299 jackson dart on the green mini diamond Yeah, I actually went up to clumps in a couple times there. It gets really nice, uh Really nice area, man. I really like it over there Went to clumps and twice while florida state played them. Um While I was there It's 99. Well, that explains it 150 is brock bower That explains it Absolutely. Hey, let's go peter on the same thing. Uh, well peter stick around for a second just a moment here Shoulder sanders 275 on the yellow It's about about 30 more seconds stick around here peter got mathy golden for houston on the all other school spot And for usc Get another mag here We've got elements of the game auto to 25. It's going to be calo williams Boom, there you go peter We're stopping there 24 25 on the elements of the game orange auto Get that in a mag for you, sir. There we go peter Back to back calos It is man And a patch auto is going to be dante more for uc la Dante more Yeah, there we go peter Keep him coming man. Keep him coming box number nine in this one guys We got one more case coming up next it is filled up and then we are on two personals for the night We got a good bit of this in personals as well There's spencer There's spencer Caleb and his uh spencer and his pennix joke is too much for me elements of the game cam rising Cam rising on the all of the schools and a 50. We got troy franklin for organ troy franklin Get grant taken to know huddle spot with sam tomorrow morning Give me guys 10 a.m. Start with sam in the morning. Definitely check it out He's got a bunch of different stuff bowman draft to start Um, he's got some more of this bowman's best you and he's got prism. Um, know huddle our first look at prism know huddle Troy flank on the 50 All right, I'll check it out Here's julian fleming. We got a 50 cam ward Washington state. Yeah, I think I went in 2013 and 2016. Uh, Eric It was nice, man. I like Clemson cam ward to 50. We got some 150 jevon bowler And a 75 jade knot My friend did say he went to clemson. He did say the school changed quite a bit The whole city changed quite a bit after those national championships with trevor or to shon whichever one won I think shon did Yell to 75 he did say that the stuff around campus was getting a little better after that There's a kasey thompson to 100 f a u You can't even recognize for the state to 75 got a wanted gunslinger jackson artel. I know dude. It's crazy Since I've been there. It's crazy like the all the new student union new New parking they didn't want to have parking when I was there. Nice one for oklahoma to 75 Wanted gunslingers of jackson artel. So 50 got tail and green Now he's gotta ask peter. See what we can do it for you Nothing wrong with asking tail and green there to 50 on the uh all of the schools And winston white refractor rinceton a right for fsu jayce. I sent your email back I don't know shady. I think uh, I think some of the some of the uh Patriots fans like carl and uh, I think carl and forest knew it was coming and kind of wanted it to come actually I don't know what they're gonna. They might get a rable or something I don't know how they're gonna get too much better of a coach than bill bella. Check it. That would be tough Yeah, that's true. Rob. There's a couple of guys who uh a little bit on the older side still looking for jobs So 50 got jason marshal wanted bandits For florida and so 50 got jackson artel for oklahoma Yeah, see vaughn carlson that earlier too. He was like good riddance or something not good riddance, obviously But something along those lines jackson arnold to 50 Here is bronson baron johnny wilson to 150 for um fsu They need to hire mac hannah. Oh boy. Oh, Jesus. Oh boy Here he is right at 10. That's gonna be audrick estimate. I swung there. No today. They're big running back It's a 10 and so 100 k club nick K club nick It's 100 there for clemson right on. I'll do when I get home get a clemson Cool cool We have a braylon trice. That one's going to be auto number 250 Not another one for washington michael pennies jr. On the refractor auto Goodness gracious. That is going to be for joe d joe d is from washington's day. I love it Let's go joe. Here we go. Joe will get you a third pennies here Third pennies auto Behind it. We have the 50. That's going to be andrew makuba for clemson. He wanted bandits gold Andrew makuba Nick's saving gonna go coach the pats. Oh boy And on the back we have the 25 orange auto of dale and evrick for georgia For what georgia 225 All righty there guys that'll do it for bowman's best 10 box case number four. I think that was our best case so far That was uh, some fire here. Let's do a quick recap guys and we're on to our last one number five number five Appreciate everybody grabbing spots again today again, 10 a.m. Eastern start with sammy Mr. Superfractor sammy Bowman jumbo d has to start the day eight box case number 61 there's a link to um Yeah, right it is. It's it's pretty even right now It's a tie Wow, yeah, that was a good one man. That was a good one So that's a link to sam's break schedule. Good luck here guys or um do a hit recap 25 dale and evrick holds a 50 macuba. Um, there's a michael pennix on the base refractor auto Thank you, rop. Winston right refractor. That's a 50. Uh, tail and green Can't really disagree to 75. We got a wanted gunslinger. Um, jackson arm patch auto don't say more. We got monty golden God, um, harrell perkins for lsu got the 75 k club nick for clemson. It's a 50 bow nicks. We've got riley lennard Frank or jr. To 25 got um to 75 jj mccarthy masterpieces another michael pennix refractor auto There is jordan travis patch auto go nulls um Chop Robinson for penn state. We had to 50 mario williams and jr. Aller for penn state the jersey auto Yeah, we should get them all done today mathy. Everything that's been ordered should be able to get them all done today Um, there's john reese gold to 50 braylon allen That's a five. Nice one there penn state nick singleton A nice one there. We got gold to 50 march on boy. It's a five jacob coey And gold to 50 mario williams Now for our mag stack We had a 25 elements of the game. Caleb williams And we go, um, usc We had a 49 rpa. Um, two color patch. Caleb williams for usc player warn memorabilia We had triple auto for washington michael pennix roma dunes a and jalen mcmillan 10 of 10 They're a qb and very good receivers We had a triple auto for the all other school spot Um, also the ten going to be cam rising cam ward and drew pine All three of those teams on the all other school spot Nice uh triple auto there and dual auto for michigan is going to be to 25 dono edwards and blake corum This is you, uh, joe. Yes, sir two Two michael pennix refractors and that's triple sir That is you sir. Congrats on that mr joe Chris everybody. That was uh, that was maybe the best case i've ripped so far Really nice one there guys. We will get those right out soon. We'll get number five going next


Hey everybody Lance Coyke here. Today we are going to discuss the wide grip pull up. So we've talked about the normal pull up, maybe about shoulder width grip. We've talked about a chin up, maybe a little bit inside shoulder width or about shoulder width as well. We've talked about a close grip, so that's definitely inside shoulder width and now we're talking about more of a wide grip. So what changes here? When I take the grip out more, I stress the lats more. So if I'm looking for this breadth, if I'm looking for building lap muscles, if I'm looking to have a thick back that is strong, then a wide grip pull up really fits into that plan. You have to think if I'm doing a wide grip, I'm gonna be a little bit weaker. So you're gonna have to set your ego aside a little bit. You know, you have people who come up and it's really easy to fall into this trap of testing your strength and trying to do things that you're good at. But in actuality, we're really just training your strength and even your muscle gain, right? So it's not that I want you to do things that you're good at. It's actually the opposite. I want you to do things you're bad at because that's what brings you up.  So wide grip chin up, sometimes when I do it this way, I like to do a little, I don't know, it's thumbless grip, right? So I'm not wrapping my hand all the way around the bar. I'm not wrapping my thumb all the way around the bar. I'm actually keeping it on the same side as the rest of my hand. Or I guess I gotta do it this way, like this, not like this, okay? So instead of making a circle, I'm just making a C. I like that grip because it gives me a little bit more freedom in my shoulders. So if you tend to have shoulder problems, especially with rowing or pulling up motions, you might wanna try that grip out. It helps when you're trying to go wider. Make sure you're careful. I've never felt like I'm about to hurt myself, but I know thumbless stuff kinda just, you know, limits the amount of grip. It limits the amount of contact that you have. And so it can make some people feel a little less easy. What else? You might see bars that are kind of cambered at the end where they bend into more of a kind of arch shape rather than just a straight pull-up bar. For the wide grip, that helps because as I come down, I don't have this weird, it's just a little bit more ergonomic. You can try them, like it's okay when you're out here and the bar is straight, but it'll feel a lot better if you can pinch your elbows in a little bit more because your wrist motion isn't getting blocked. I think that's all I got for the wide grip pull-up. Give that a shot, go do a bunch of it. If you have questions, leave comments below and encourage somebody else to do some pull-ups too.


Welcome back. A new amendment to the electoral act has excluded the possibility of voters challenging credentials submitted to the Independent National Electoral Commission by candidates. The proposed law, if signed by President Mohammed Buhari, will allow only those who participated in the party primaries to challenge in court the school certificates, the birth certificate and other credentials of a co-contestant. Currently, all Nigerians are allowed to challenge the credentials of candidate of any political party. These have been reaffirmed by several court judgments. Now joining us to discuss this is G. Day O'Logan, a legal practitioner and Paul James, the Program Manager Elections, Yaga Africa. Many thanks gentlemen for joining us on this particular discuss to stand around. Thank you very much. It's a pleasure to be with you. Let me start with you, Baista, G. Day O'Logan. I need you to break this whole new amendment as it were to us, if you would, because if it is allowed to see the light of day, Nigerians will similarly not really have so much say in primaries and, of course, all the issues that they ordinarily would want to comment. Currently, section 31, subsection 5 of the Electoral Act reads that any person who has reasonable grounds to believe that any information given by a candidate in the affidavit or any document submitted by that candidate is false. May file a suit at the federal high court. So exactly what do we have in our heads, Baista O'Logan? You know, an attempt to limit it to a candidate participating at the primary is trying to erode accountability, which is a crucial requirement in good leadership. And we may as well say that we don't even need anyone with credentials to come and context for these offices. And then we were even still talking about the introduction of the consensus candidate, then the retention of the indirect primary as we are prompting candidates. Now we have this, that is taking the local standard away from Nigerians who should be interested in those who come into government because the risk here is that if you limit it to the party, then the party may just as well overlook some of the offenses. Recall that in 2019, the celebrated case of bias has stayed. Where do you jury file the suit against the governor of candidates of APC who already was even you know, in the in the rehearsal for the inauguration into office, but they caught disqualified him and the running made because of questionable school certificates. And it touches on integrity. If people with questionable school credentials get into office, what do you expect from them? And the Supreme Court agreed that the PDP should take over from the APC despite the fact that the APC had already been declared winner by INE. And then if we want people who are trusted to occupy offices, then we should not narrow it down. But having said that also, this may be an attempt in futility, because whether you like it or not, we still have the freedom of information act, whether you still have it like it or not, we still have the pejori aspect of the law. So this serious crime should not be covered up by the National Assembly trying to masquerade. And it's really shameful, I must say, that the hallowed chambers that should be seen to be raising the bar of credibility of competence of accountability is coming up with a proposed amendment like this. It's worrisome and some of us hope that they try to backtrack. All right, then. Thanks for your opening, Salvo Barista Olobo. Let's bring Paul James into this discussion right now. You have been monitoring elections in Nigeria. And over time, you've seen these issues of litigations that have crept up, you know, because of a certificate who is qualified for election matters and all of that. So if you were just to just look at it on the face value, what does this, you know, what would it really impact on the election processes in Nigeria going forward? Well, I think you have captured it rightly because this is the first that we have expressed and also I like the opening comments by Barista Jide. Our fear as soon as society is especially because we have focused so much attention on other aspects of the bill that we didn't see when this one, I mean, when this one came to light until the conversation started a few days ago. So we are even worried that perhaps there might be other obnoxious clauses on this bill that may impede on the integrity of the electoral process. Don't forget the conversation by, as of July last, it was about electronic transmission. I mean, I did say the conversation was about mode of conducting primaries. I hear we are again also about the right for candidates to appeal for the right for people to appeal for the qualification of candidates in the election. Yes, I agree that we might see the rising cases of litigation, especially because people will, like Julia said, people definitely explore the possibility of the FOI bill and INF will be non-dated with this request. So I think if we still have the window, the National Assembly should reverse the stuff on this. All right, let me stay with you, Paul James. So do you really think Nigerians maybe are in for bigger surprises since we don't really know the extent of this amendment to this new law? Well, yeah, that is why we have been clamoring that this will have been passed into law earlier than now, because a lot of boat lessons and traditions used to have been in this regard. Besides, before you put this law into practice, you also need a lot of time to put a lot of things in place. This is just from the National Assembly. We also don't know what might happen if it gets to the present. That is also another fear that we, as a society, we have been expressing. Yeah, I wish there would be more time to really scrutinize this bill, but then as it is, it is better we have the bill than to have no bill at all, given the experience, the past experience. Whatever it is, I think going forward, then we can make any other appeal and see how we can reverse it to go to state school. All right, let's get back to the Barista, Gideo O'Logan.  You also talked about the credibility of the National Assembly, and right now they are seemingly masquerading themselves with this procurement or preclusion as it were. Judging by the fact that the National Assembly makes all of those laws, why would you think they would rather want to bring about such a, well, I say, confusion in the politics as it were, when they should ordinarily know better? You know, maybe it's the absence of a deep understanding of purpose. If you look at section four of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 as amended, the sets of the National Assembly, it says that that assembly shall make laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Nigeria. So if we now begin to relegate the relevance of competence, intellectual competence, you know, sound mind and hands on the matter to the background, then what kind of governance are we going to deliver to people? And by extension, perhaps quite a number of them that are there are with questionable certificates. The likes of us who appreciate the purpose of education will never subscribe to such a provision. If you look at the Chinese profile on governance, the process of selecting Chinese government leadership is so sophisticated that the Americans envy them. So why should we come to the point where, and we now begin to operate as if we are a tout nation? But are we surprised when you look at the fact that right now, bandits are almost taking over the country. We have a massive and disturbing profile of insecurity in the land, poverty in the land. And you begin to ask yourself, really, where is the mandate of the Constitution has enshrined in section 14, subsection two of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 as amended that says that the security and welfare of the people should be the primary purpose of government. So if they understand why they are in the National Assembly, they may not come up with proposals like this. You know, like I said earlier, maybe quite a number of them are within the bracket of those who cannot showcase their credentials. And of course, you don't try to cripple the law, try to enhance the capacity of the law. And I suppose of a force are concerned and we're expressing that concern right now. But having said all these, this provision, even if passing to law cannot remove my right to go to court to challenge anyone who has deceived us by presenting questionable credentials. You know, and if you read section 15, subsection five of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 as amended and act of the National Assembly, it says that the states shall abolish corruption and abuse of office. So when you put all this together, when we are now taking the local standard, the right of the citizens to challenge a crime, what are we trying to say? So it's a, I think they need to wake up in that National Assembly. I've said it, we have one and nine senators and 60 house arrest members expected to be representing Nigerians. But exactly who are they representing? Who are they representing? So for those clarity barista or logo, so invariably if this were allowed, you know, to scale through ordinarily to be a nullity, is that what you're saying? Definitely. But you see, we are in a country that is unique. They have told the world that they have identified 400 sponsors of Puku Haram until now. No one has been named. No one has been brought for prosecution. So how do you describe such a nation? You see, so and that is why we keep praying that something happens that puts us on the pedestal of good governance. We have the sustainable development goals of the United Nations that have been evaluated in the year 2030. How much of those goals have we embraced? You can see how difficult it has been for our president to declare the bandits are terrorists. You can see the bloodshed across the nation. You can see the inflation rate. You can see the unemployment rate. You can see the fact that as we speak now, our total indebtedness as a nation is in the threshold of about 39 trillion Naira. It was 3.12 trillion Naira around March 2015.  That's the point. Like I said earlier, the National Assembly has demanded to make laws for the peace order and good governance of Nigeria. And anything short of that, we amount to a waste of resources and these times of great Nigerians by going to that hallowed chambers. They said they are there for themselves just to enjoy the goodies of office. But having said all this, they can either secure the future or mortgage the future. But proposed laws like this may end up mortgaging the future. Thank you, Mr. Onogu. Let's talk to Paul James. Paul, you raised some concern and indeed I am also concerned because as from what we hear today, the Senate has passed the harmonized version of the Electoral Act Amendment Bill. What were the back and forth that we had with some direct and direct primaries and of course the consensus, you know, candidates and everything. So what do we really have right now? Because a whole lot of Nigerians are seemingly not, you know, well informed about this particular, you know, acts as it is. And we are in the middle of an election here. So what exactly do we see happening when Nigerians are not so sensitized concerning these new changes that we have in our process of conducting elections in the country? Well, I think we have something that has been happening in Nigeria, although not in a more recognized way. If you think about even some of the parties and the way they elected their leaders, PDP, for instance, just recently decided to stay for the party chairmanship to the North Central and somehow they had an agreement that the chair of the party should come from a particular state. In some sense that is a consensus. But then the fear is when people begin to get untwisted to begin to dance to the tunes of some part of people in the party. And so it is then, if they remove the question of democracy. And so this is also because some persons have benefited from this in the past and they want to legalize the process. We had a party also in 2015 that elected their own candidate on the platform or on the basis of consensus. That is all agreeing to the consensus agreement. But then again, when you don't have all of the people dancing towards one direction, it becomes a problem. What we are trying to solve in one breath, you also open up whims and another breath, meaning we might likely also see litigation where some persons don't, where you don't have all members of the particular party, for instance, agreeing to how to go about the idea of a consensus. Now, the other, the other modes of grammar is direct and indirect. A lot of questions have been raised, especially about one, internet party democracy, two also about the party membership. Not all of these parties have updated records of their members. And so again, that opens up another problem, another challenge because he will control what seemingly as the alternative where they serve the party gets to also control what happened at that level. So either way, you see it, we still have this challenge. That is why voter education and sensitization needs to happen. I am not sure. I mean, we have the barrister on the court, perhaps we will provide clarity on this. I am not sure what the court may say about this. This is an agreement first at the national assembly level. I also see the possibility that this also opens up wounds for litigation in the future, where people questioning how and the manner and how these parties who are about engaging in all these processes. All right. Thank you so much. We must serve a very big thank you to our guests this time around. A very big thank you to GD, a legal practitioner. And of course, Paul James, Programme Manager of Elections, Yaga Africa. Thank you so much and gentlemen for your time. We do appreciate it. Thank you very much. God bless Nigeria. Yeah, God bless Nigeria indeed. Thank you for staying with us. Now we bring you a package where Nigerians express their opinion whether voters should be able to take candidates to court over their certificates or not. And after that, I'll be giving you my take. Well, that's not democracy. We can't contest. I mean, there should be checks and balances. The masses should be able to hear their views about what is going on, you know, with the electorate. I mean, this is not a German-German government. The electorate and the masses should be able to, you know, work hand in hand and see what is best for the masses. Adjust it. We, the people are the owners of the power. We own the power in case they don't know. And if it means that we will have to march down to National Assembly to sack every single one of them, I will be part and parcel of that. So for the legislator to tell me that I have no, I cannot question anything he says. He doesn't know what he's saying because the power was given to him by me. And I can recall him if I decide to. So, but all I would say is that they should not push Nigerians to the wall. The issue is that, you know, there's maladministration of things in Nigeria. So the proper administration is not in place. So even if we challenge them, they have the monetary means to fight these things down. They have the connection know-how to fight these things out. Okay. Like, for instance, maybe you are my Godfather and you want me to be there so that I can pay homage to you. You have your tentacles lined up in the way I'm going to gather. And before you know it, they will just stampede everything and put me there. And I'll be answering to him.  But at the end of the day, the issue of Godfatherism is not helping us. So even if we are trying to question them, trying to say their opinion, that okay, they hit the nail on the head or what we want them to represent us for, but still they're not going to bulge. And here is my take. The report of 486 people killed in Nigeria in three weeks leaves much to be desired. It is unacceptable. Government cannot just fold its arm and watch the people you'd have sworn to protect die each passing day. To think that in the first week of the year, a president, Mohamed Dupuhari, said the country is more secure. Alas, it is as though life has turned full circle on us. So I believe this is one area Nigerians must pressure the government because we cannot continue to live in this very insecure environment. Don't forget that the security crisis also has very big implications for food security, inflation, hunger, and agricultural production. So we really need to call on the government to be more purposeful in addressing these challenges. My name is Justin, and I'll see you again tomorrow. Bye for now.


Hello, it's wonderful to be here and thank you so much to Jen for that kind introduction and you all both here and online for listening. But without further ado, as many of you will know, a number of works and articles have been written about English bishops in the later Middle Ages and their involvement in politics. Purely by way of example, bishops work of chancellors has been poured over by William Dodd, their services Royal Diplomats has been considered by Mary Blust and Joel Rosenthal. Their place in Parliament has been examined by Phil Bradford and Alison McHardy, their importance in procuring and paying taxation has been looked at by Mark Hornerodd and Rosemary Hayes and their role in disseminating the king's propaganda has been evaluated by W.R. Jones and once again by Alison McHardy. Now much of this work is excellent, and I think the work of William Dodd, Mark Hornerodd and Alison McHardy in particular has been outstanding, and I'm not here to criticise its conclusions. Now what much of this work has in common is that it's been thematic, focusing on just one of the Episcopathe's many roles in politics. Of course that's understandable. Any study which attempted to consider the whole sweep of the Episcopathe's activities over any meaningful period of time would have to grapple with an enormous number of sources, an enormous number of examples, an enormous number of issues. It's practical and manageable for historians to divide Bishop's political responsibilities into smaller chunks, and indeed working somatically can allow for greater clarity and precision in argument than when one considers everything together. However, there are two drawbacks was considering things somatically. First is that when one just focuses on a single aspect of what Bishop's did politically, one can miss the interconnections and interrelationships between their different roles. The second is that when one considers just a single piece of this jigsaw, it's difficult to get the whole end of the picture and a coherent sense of the whole. But how important was the Episcopathe in later medieval politics. It's not always easy to answer that question by looking at just a single facet of things. So today I do want to take a slightly different approach. I'm going to look at the whole breadth of the Episcopathe's roles in politics, and I'm going to do so through considering a single case study. The third negotiations were granted taxation in 1337 at the outset of the Hundred Years War. The immediate origin of these negotiations lies in the diplomatic mission to the continent led by Henry Burghers, Bishop of Lincoln in the spring of 1337. Burghers enjoyed considerable success in persuading many of the princes of the low countries to pledge their support to Edward. He also swiftly learned that Philip VI, the King of France, had little desire for peace. Philip formally declared war on Edward, announced that he would proceed with the confiscation of Gaskini, which was at that point in English hands, and pronounced that he would assist the Scots against England, as he was bound to do under the term of the Treaty of Corbyn. Accordingly, back in England, wits of summons were sent out in June 1337 through a great council. This invited almost 100 men, including 15 bishops, to treat upon certain affairs which had been brought to the King's attention by the envoys whom he had sent to certain parts beyond the sea. This council metting July at Westminster. While records concerning the council are frustratingly slim, meaning that we cannot know for certain what was discussed, it appears it was decided that war with Philip and the French could not be avoided. Since Edward was to go to war and wanted to lead an expedition himself to the low countries, he needed sufficient political and financial support. This was particularly essential as Berger should went on to build a grand alliance against Philip VI. He negotiated with more princes from throughout the low countries and throughout Germany, and procured promises from them to assemble an army of almost 7,000 troops, but only at the price of over £160,000. To put that in context, the crown's ordinary revenue at that point in time was in the realm of £10,000. Edward therefore needed to reach out to his subjects. He did so for two reasons. Firstly, to convince them of the justice of his war. Secondly, to see if they would give him some money in case a great council which was due to assemble in September that year didn't give him an adequate subsidy. So in August 1337, Rytz was sent out from the chancery, which was headed by the Chancellor, Robert Stratford, Bishop-elect of Chichester, ordering special meetings of the county courts and special assemblies of the local clergy. Unsurprisingly, bishops were tasked with addressing these local gatherings of clergy. So, for example, John Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, was asked to address the clergy of his archdioces. William Melton, Archbishop of York, was asked to address the clergy of his. And Adam Allerton, Bishop of Winchester, was asked to address the clergy of his bishop. I could go on. But they were also tasked with addressing many of the assemblies of the county courts. Sometimes it's a help of local aristocracy and royal officials. Thus, for example, John Granderson, Bishop of Exeter, addressed the people of Devon in his cathedral city alongside Hugh Courtney, the Earl of Devon. Likewise, Roger Northborough, Bishop of Coventry in Lichfield, addressed the men of Staffordshire at Stafford alongside Ralph Bassett, a prominent local baron. And Anthony Beck, Bishop of Norwich, addressed the men of Norfolk in his cathedral city. And the men of Suffolk at Berysent Edmonds, alongside Robert Ufford, the Earl of Suffol. Again, I could go on. But the interesting point is that the only counties in which bishops did not address the county gatherings were those in which there was no Episcopal seat such as Oxfordshire, where the abbots of Abingdon and Oesny addressed the people at Oxford, or those in which the Episcopal seat was vacant, or where it's incumbent was otherwise occupied. So, for example, in Sussex, the Earl of Arundel addressed the county assembly in Chichester, perhaps because Robert Stratford had yet to be consecrated as Bishop, or perhaps because he was occupied in Westminster as the Royal Chancellor. When addressing these assemblies, both those of the clergy and of the laity, bishops were instructed to explain to those assembles the King's intention and will concerning the defence of the realm against the King of France, to show them how the King of the Bly to spend great sums of money for the war with France, and to induce them to aid the King to the extent of their ability. These arguments were drawn from a schedule, which they were ordered to expound to the clergy and people, and also to publish in every church of their diocese. This schedule has become well known to historians as Edward the Third's manifesto, having been published under this title in the fourth volume of English historical documents. Its purpose was to highlight the offers made to the King of France by the King of England to avoid war, which were rejected by the French in order to demonstrate how the King was forced into conflict and how he was compelled to raise money. Accordingly, to make its case, Edward's manifesto made reference to a number of overtures made by the English to the French. Many of these have been conveyed by bishops. So, the manifesto mentions how Edward crossed secretly into France and came to Philip, humbly requesting the delivery of his land, offering and doing to the King as much as he ought and more. This refers to a secret meeting between Edward and Philip in April 1331, when Edward had been accompanied by only a small entourage, which included John Stratford, then Bishop of Winchester, and by this point Archbishop of Canterbury. It also notes, for example, how Edward proposed that his son, who came to be known as the Black Prince, married Philip VI's daughter. Negotiations in this regard were pursued by John Stratford in the autumn of 1331 and by Stratford and Orlerton again in the spring of 1332. It goes on to mention Edward's suggestion that his brother, John of Elsin, might marry any lady of the Blood Royal, which was taken forward by Adam Orlerton in early 1332 and John Stratford in the spring of 1334. And it makes repeated reference to Edward's offers to join Philip on a crusade to the Holy Land, which were made in a variety of iterations from late 1331 to the summer of 1336. These were pursued by various ambassadors, including Stratford, Orlerton, William Airman, the Bishop of Norwich, and Richard de Berry, the Bishop of Durham. The case advanced in Edward's manifesto was thus built on a series of missions to France undertaken by bishops throughout the 1330s. Now, while we don't know who wrote this schedule, my suspicion, although this is pure conjecture, is that it may have been altered by Archbishop Stratford. There are four strands of potential evidences. Firstly, we know that Stratford had form with drafting important texts. Edward II's deposition articles were dictated in his presence and written down by his clum, William Nees. Secondly, we know that he was committed to the war with France in 1337. In the Parliament of March that year, he called together the bishops to swear an oath on his arch-episcopal cross to support Edward's right in France. Thirdly, we know that he was an influential councillor of the King at this point in time. Edward later alleged that the Archbishop had persuaded him that, as peace was unobtainable by moderate means, it was necessary to pursue it by force of arms. Finally, we know that Stratford himself brought into the argument that Edward was forced into war by Philip's effusils to listen. In 1341, he himself wrote that every effort had been made for peace, but that Philip, viper-like, had refused to listen. It was therefore not Edward's thought that the war had began, but Philip's. And yet, whether or not Archbishop Stratford drafted this manifesto, we know that it was sent out and circulated by the chanceau, which was, of course, headed by his brother, Robert. The arguments of Edward's manifesto and the efforts in addressing the county and clerical assemblies seem to have paid off for Edward, at least to some extent. He succeeded in securing some grants from them. Thus, for example, while we don't know the exact sum involved, we know that the men of the West Riding of York, who had been addressed by William Milton, gave at least something to the King. Yet in the end, the great council which assembled in September 1337, granted Edward an unprecedented 15th and 10th for three years, and the convocations of Canterbury and York, which followed a clerical tense for three years. Regrettably, we don't know the details of what happened at either of these meetings, for nothing resembling a Parliament role exists to the Assembly of September 1337 and no acts of convocation survive for the convocations of September and November. Yet, bishops were certainly summoned to both of these assemblies and certainly attended them, and it's reasonable to suppose that they played an important part in both of these gatherings. We know from accounts of other great councils and convocations that they played an important role in stage managing procedures and feelings in discussing matters themselves and in persuading the clergy to grant subsidies. Indeed, they agreed to pay taxation themselves as they contributed to both clerical tense and lay 15th and 10th. With this financial backing behind him, Edward cancelled the earlier grants and the monies already collected were credited towards the new subsidies. So Edward got his money and his negotiations were grant or successful. But what does this episode reveal about the importance of the church and of the bishops in particular in politics and political culture? It reveals that they were deeply important to the operation of the 14th century political system. They weren't merely important in disseminating propaganda or in diplomacy or in the King's administration and so on. Instead, but simply, bishops were everywhere. In this one episode, we see the work of bishops as diplomats as their missions both instigated Edward's search for money and provided justifications to his arguments. We see the work of bishops as civil servants as an Episcopal Chancellor orchestrated the administration of proceedings. We see the work of bishops as royal propagandists as they communicated the King's messages to his people and they well has drafted his manifesto. We see the work of bishops as financiers of the Crown as they procured grants from both clergy and laity and indeed at Crescent taxation themselves. And we see the bishops in great councils and convocation as they attended the assemblies which granted substantial taxes to Edward and brought the attempts of him to secure cash. Directly from local communities to an end, but bishops weren't really prevalent across the breadth of political life, but their roles were also profoundly interconnected. So, for example, Episcopal diplomats went on missions to the court of Philip VI, but these were later drawn upon explicitly by Archbishop Stratford if he was indeed the author of Edward's manifesto. His manifesto was circulated to the other bishops by Vicciansui, which was headed by Robert Stratford, another bishop-elect, and the messages of this manifesto were allaged to both clerical and lay assemblies by yet more bishops. For today's purposes, this has two important ramifications. Firstly, it means that when historians write somatic accounts about the Episcopal's role in politics, something which I do and which I think historians should continue to do, they should be profoundly aware that their theme is only a smaller part of the bigger picture, and I think they should always keep half an eye out for connections, for parallel and for contrast with other potential themes, which aren't the focus of their discussions. Secondly, and more fundamentally, the omnipresence of bishops means that they were the heart of politics and political culture in later medieval England. Despite this, some histories have sought to sideline the church in the Episcopacy. One thinks of Michael Threst, which is plantagenate England, where he says he will only consider the church when irrelevant, and the same authors as Sui Edwards, where bishops crop up on a mere handful of occasions, and where the bishop who gets perhaps the most detailed treatment is bishop Stubbs, the great 19th century historian. Yet these works inevitably miss something, or indeed quite a lot, for the church and its leaders should be at the front and centre of our accounts. Just as one wouldn't dream, at least I hope, of writing a political history of medieval England without including the king, or the nobility, or perhaps a gentry, one shouldn't think of excluding the church and the Episcopat either. These were men who were at the centre of politics, both in practice, as I hope I've shown today, but also in theory. In the same year as these negotiations, John Granderson, the Bishop of Exeter, petitioned the king and emphasised how, I quote, The substance of the nature of the crown is principally in the person of the king as head, and in the peers of the realm as members, and especially the prelates, such as that one member cannot be severed from the crown without dividing the kingdom. Thank you.


On the first day of my promotion, this happened to me, a site-wide containment breach. On the second day of my promotion, this happened to me, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the third day of my promotion, this happened to me, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the fourth day of my promotion, this happened to me, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the fifth day of my promotion, this happened to me, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the sixth day of my promotion, this happened to me, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the seventh day of my promotion, this happened to me, 70 class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the eighth day of my promotion, this happened to me, eight termination testing, 70 class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the ninth day of my promotion, this happened to me, nine objects breaching, eight termination testing, seven D-class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the tenth day of my promotion, this happened to me, ten agents training, nine objects breaching, eight termination testing, seven D-class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the eleventh day of my promotion, this happened to me, eleven amnestic dosings, ten agents training, nine objects breaching, eight termination testing, seven D-class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach. On the twelfth day of my promotion, this happened to me, twelve doctors researching, eleven amnestic dosings, ten agents training, nine objects breaching, eight termination testing, seven D-class dying, six ethics filings, fifth level access, four broken necks, three dead staff, two fail-save nukes and a site-wide containment breach.