Welcome to the NTN Nightly, I'm Nisha Charles, this edition's top stories. Several projects are assessed by the US Development Institution OPIC for Investment. The Government of St Lucia signs the loan agreement with the Exim Bank for the Rehabilitation of Roads. A National School Safety Policy for St Lucia is taking shape, all that was the latest in youth development, sports and the NTN Nouvelle Arquio. Some projects described as game-changers for St Lucia were the focus of an official visit here by a high-level delegation from the overseas private investment corporation, the United States Government Development Finance Institution. Prime Minister the Honourable Alan Sharsney guided the delegation on a tour of the site for the cruise ship terminal in Viewfort, as well as the cul-de-sac port, General Novel reports. Prime Minister the Honourable Alan Sharsney briefed the delegation on a number of projects identified for investment. The Prime Minister explained the first of the projects was the cruise ship terminal in Viewfort that would be in partnership with Carnival Cruise Lines. The Government has participated in two years of discussions, feasibility and technical studies have also been completed and the Government has agreed to lease eight acres of land in the Viewfort area to Carnival Cruise Lines. A new pier will also be constructed with the capacity to hold two 6,000 passenger vessels. The project is valued at $55 million. Another project is the cargo facility in the cul-de-sac area. Prime Minister Sharsney indicated that preliminary studies have been completed and relevant parties are working on refining the details of the project. The aim, according to the Prime Minister, is to commence construction on the project no later than the end of 2019 in an effort to complete the project within the next two years. The last project on the agenda was the North-South Highway. The Prime Minister explained. We've broken down that project into three parts. So the first part would really be from the Darren-Sammi Stadium that everybody knows up north, connecting to Denry and that we would also put a major archery connecting that highway through Babano on the Allen-Buske Highway. So that would be phase one. Phase two of the project would be from Denry with a tunnel through the Bartolil, which would then connect a new highway to where we're putting the cargo facility. And phase three down the road would be from Denry to view Fort. But obviously that's the one that we require the least priority at this point. But certainly the first phase of the project is critical to us because of the traffic congestion we're already experiencing between cast trees and grovesly. And the fact is that we don't have the physical space to introduce a proper four-lane highway. OPIC's acting president and chief executive officer David Bohigan expressed gratitude to the government and people of St. Lucia for their hospitality. He explained that since the inception of OPIC, it has invested some 3.5 billion dollars into various projects in the Caribbean. For St. Lucia, these included the hospitality and manufacturing sectors. Bohigan added that the entities looking to do more in the Caribbean and having visited St. Lucia and been presented with the government's vision, the OPIC has a better idea of what role it can play. The acting president and chief executive officer added that step two commences when the delegation returns to Washington. Well, clearly there's interest from President Trump in trying to invest more in St. Lucia. There's also interest in Congress to be able to do more in the Caribbean. So our next step is going back to Washington tomorrow and helping policymakers understand the environment down here from a strategic standpoint. But I think more importantly is what we can do in the days that follow, which is talking to investors throughout the United States to help them understand the opportunities that you're building here in infrastructure and in tourism and beyond where we can help empower entire societies. We're particularly proud of our 2X Women's Initiative in any way that we can help women owned or women managed or women supporting businesses is something that we want to do more of. So I think telling the story that the prime minister has sketched today something that we need to do in the investment community and in Washington. Bohigan re-emphasized the prime minister's sentiments that the U.S. regards St. Lucia as a valuable ally and is always looking to strengthen such relationships. For the Government Information Service, I am Janelle Norville. The government of St. Lucia has signed the first loan agreement with the Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China, Taiwan for the financing of major development projects here. The Export-Import Bank has agreed to finance the Hironara International Airport redevelopment project and the reconstruction or rehabilitation of secondary roads and collector roads. Prime Minister the Honourable Alain Shastney on Wednesday affixed his signature to the agreement for the first disbursement of funds which will go towards the road projects and the housing sector. We're signing the first loan agreement with Ex-Im Bank today, which will be for $50 million, of which $41 million is going into the road reconstruction. $8 million is being divided equally into housing as well as was into the refurbishment of the schools, which we're going to be continuing again this year with another $10 million EC into both of those initiatives. The Taiwanese-funded road development program amounting to $42 million U.S. dollars over 36 months is about to commence on strategic 13 roads island-wide, including roads that will link farmers and rural communities with the rest of the island. 140 CMOS farmers are benefiting from a new business link. Export-St. Lucia has facilitated the first shipment of CMOS to the U.S. with rural community of Prahle. Eminating from Export-St. Lucia's recent admission to the United States, it was observed that growing consumer trends around healthy eating has presented an opportunity for dried CMOS from St. Lucia. The product is in high demand, especially with the increased vegan community. Through the guidance of Export-St. Lucia, the Prahle CMOS Association has capitalized on the opportunity and has shipped its first export to the United States. Sunita Daniel is the Chief Executive Officer of Export-St. Lucia. The buyer in the U.S. has already told us that from the time that the CMOS arrived in the U.S., that all of the packets had already been sold out. So he's very interested in working further with them. We are quite excited to continue working with them. We want to also work along the value chain with them in terms of labeling proper packaging. We have market access to the U.S. through the various trade agreements that have been signed. However, market penetration has been an issue for us. And this was one of the first ways of penetrating the market when the consumer now has a taste of this product and knows that they like the product. For us, then, it's about branding that and getting the CMOS producers up to that level. President of the Prahle CMOS Farmers Association, Bronaventure Jabatis, says the main aim of the association is to reduce poverty in the community of Prahle. And he anticipates that with this potential new market for the export of sun-dried CMOS, it would go a long way in helping the association realize its goal. At one time, almost everybody in the Prahle community was, in one way or another, engaged in banana producing. But today, with the demise of the banana industry, this has changed and most people are unemployed. But with this possibility that we now have with CMOS, people will now be able to find an alternative to banana production. There are 140 farmers involved in the association. The impact is tremendous for them, not only because the price that they are getting is a very good price for an overseas product, but also because it goes directly to the association. It goes directly to them and we all know the multiplier effects that can have on a very small rural community. Our job really is to ensure that they can get the maximum price for the CMOS for their product and also get into other markets. CMOS Farmer and employee of the Prahle CMOS Farmers Association, Andrinas Tannis-Kles, says she's eager to see the impact of this first shipment and anticipates an upsurge in CMOS farming, as well as job creation. The demand is great and right now we need as many farmers as we could possibly find in order to supply, right now we're trying to supply to the US, so the demand is great and we have little farmers, so I would encourage others to get involved because I mean we all need money and we all actually want more, so we could achieve more, so get on board. The Prahle CMOS Farmers Association is eagerly anticipating the expansion of business with the US and other markets. From the Government Information Service, Lisa Joseph reporting. Representatives from the Ministry of Health and Wellness were recently granted the opportunity to play a significant part towards developing gender equality in health, more from FNEL Neptune. Efforts are strengthening national capacities in advancing gender equality in health were undertaken as the Pan-American Health Organization PAHO hosted a workshop recently. The workshop provided participants with the opportunity to conduct a gender analysis in health and to discuss the development and use of a gender and health profile. Gender and Health Advisor of PAHO Kaffi Kouya says this activity is important as it will allow participants to develop a work plan to ensure national gender and health profile. The way the workshop is designed is that we look at what are some of the pressing issues with regards to achieving gender equality in health as a part of health equity. Second, having the tools to be able to conduct what are the causes using data and statistics to appreciate differences and disparities in health. And then thirdly, being able to produce a national document to advocate for stronger policies to ensure that everyone has the same opportunity to have good health care. Biostatistician in the Department of Health and Wellness, Phil Leon says he's very pleased that the workshop will provide them with the knowledge on how the health sector can use gender analysis tools to effectively reduce health inequalities, in its inclusion. It brings to light the disparities between the gender, especially when it comes to our data collection processes and how we move further. What we can appreciate is that we're getting the information and the sense of how there's a difference between sex and gender. Sex being the biology, gender being the rules that are assigned and how we cater in terms of equality and equity. And what we've been finding is yes, we have information, we have data, we have been making moves towards interventions, but we've been lacking in that pointed area. The Pan-American Health Organization, PAHU, is hopeful that St. Lucia will be able to develop a gender and health profile given priority to selected health topics within national health priorities. Reporting from the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Fennel Neptune. And this is the NTN Nightly, Ryan O'Brien is up next. Be aware of and follow water conservation practices. Here are a few tips to help you save water. Wash dishes in a basin of water instead of a running tap. Soak pots and pans instead of letting the water run while scraping them. Check toilets for leaks by putting dye in the tank. If colour shows in the bowl without flushing, there is a leak. A leaking toilet can waste thousands of gallons of water. Use a bucket instead of a hose to wash cars and reuse grey water from laundry to water plants. Water conservation reduces energy consumption and strain on the water distribution system. Conserve water whenever possible and remember every job counts. A message brought to you by the Water and Sewage Company Incorporated, Wasco. Welcome back. We join Ryan O'Brien for the latest happenings in youth development and sports. Thanks, Misha. Welcome once again to happenings in youth development and sports on the NTN Nightly News. I'm Ryan O'Brien. School Sports Coordinator Isabel Alexander Markey is anticipating that the Inter-District Primary Schools' female football competition will be able to earn its place on the calendar of school sports events. The success of the 2019 tournament has influenced her conclusion that football at this level, among females, will only serve to develop interest in women's football in St. Lucia. It's an added sport for the girls to go into. We see kindle interest in the females going into some of the so-called male-dominated sports. And football is another one of them. And so we're looking to see greater improvements, we're seeing it continuing in the future.  The St. Lucia Football Association is one of the entities involved in the running of the competition. And it also sees it as a crucial factor in strengthening the nursery for emerging talent. The Embassy of the Republic of China, Taiwan presented a new volunteer to the Ministry of Development and Sports on Tuesday morning. Rosalind Lee, 29, will serve the ministry for one year as a table tennis coach, replacing William Lien, whose volunteer service ended last year. Lee is now the only female table tennis coach on Island and will work alongside head coach Chris Wells and coach Stephen Joseph to advance the sport among locals. Lee has started a stint, meeting with junior members of the National Table Tennis Centre and coaching at the Ave Maria Girls Primary School. And that item on table tennis will come to the end of your update on youth development and sports today. Thanks, Ryan. A National School Safety Policy for St. Lucia is taking shape. This week, another consultation was held to hammer out key aspects. The Model Safe Schools program was designed to enhance the capacity of the Ministries of Education in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines to incorporate and mainstream comprehensive disaster risk management considerations in education sector policies, planning and operations. The program is being funded by the Caribbean Development Bank and implemented by the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, SEDAMA. Consultants are on Island this week to be part of a broad-based stakeholder consultation with members of the National Safe Schools Committee, which include education officers, the police and the Ministry of Health. The school safety coordinator with the Ministry of Education, Berners Kodra, says the aim of the consultation will help develop the school safety policy for St. Lucia. What we are looking to do is to gather the views and input of many other stakeholders where school safety is concerned. For example, NYC, as it relates to the students' input, as it relates to the school safety policy, we look at the Ministry of Health as we continue to partner with agencies within the Ministry of Health as it relates to environmental health and when we look at various pandemics and so on. So we are looking at partnering with all of those agencies. The Department of Physical Planning, for example, as you look at topographical maps and hazard mapping for our schools. So all of those things, they will be looking to gather information to make our policy more in-depth. Eleanor Jones is a disaster risk management and sustainable development strategist who has worked throughout the region. Her company, Environmental Solutions Limited, was contracted by CEDEMA to undertake an inspection of schools across the participating islands and to develop the safe schools policy. The safe schools policy is going to be looking at how schools prepare for these extreme events, for the extreme vulnerability which they face in addition to that. So it means that they would be looking at the structures, the extent to which the structures. So we have an engineer on the team who is doing some of those assessments. We have seven schools in its inclusion that we're looking at. Then we're looking also at whether there are emergency plans, what you have within the schools for handling emergencies, whether they're health emergencies or natural hazard emergencies. We're looking at the vulnerability. Where are these schools located? Are they by rivers? Are they by mountains? Etc. And also very importantly, we're looking at the people aspect. Funding for the implementation of the program is provided by the CDB through a grant of 746,000 euros under the African-Caribbean-Pacific European Union and Caribbean Development Bank National Disaster Risk Management in Cairoform countries program. And stay with the NTN Nightly. Up next, Primers Hutchinson is here with the NTN Nouvelle Arquio. The world's climate is changing and that affects all of us. Storms are becoming increasingly intense, periods of intense drought and heavy rain, stress farm animals and destroy our crops. Higher average ocean temperatures kill our coral reefs and change the migratory patterns of fish. St. Lucia contributes only 0.0015% of global greenhouse gas emissions but is doing its part along with countries around the world to reduce the emissions that are warming our world and changing our climate. These efforts are called mitigation. But decades of emissions have already changed the climate and the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere today will increase average global temperatures even more. We need to adapt. That is, do everything we can to prepare for and respond to the actual and expected negative effects of climate change and everyone has a role to play. We need to protect our crops, build homes that withstand storms and keep our drains and waterways free of garbage to help us recover or bounce back from climatic events. Learn more about the Government of St. Lucia's National Adaptation Plan and the steps you can take to protect yourself and your fellow St. Lucia's. Welcome back. We join Primers Hutchinson for the NTN Nouvelle Arquio. We are in the Department of Conservation and Conservation in the Government of St. Lucia at CGS, in the National Television Centre at NTN, Kapozole Nouvelle Arquio, in the Private Hutchinson Centre. The Government of St. Lucia has a lot of delegations from the investment companies for the people who are living on the earth. The Government of St. Lucia has a lot of delegations from the investment companies for the people who are living on the land. The delegation was led by the Chief Executive I started working on the development of Kuldusak and a project to improve the quality of the mother's body. At Kuldusak, the mother's body was observed carefully. So you have to work with the initiative to lead your project of cleaning. You have to make sure that your work is done very well, to clean the whole board of the mayor, to establish a diverse facility.  There is also a tab access for people who want to visit the picnic area, on the side to observe the barbecue. There is also an easy way to avoid it. I started in 2017 and finished in Laos to observe the 14th anniversary of this year. In this program, we will bring more news about the visitation that took place here. The division that will be able to make a commercial recording of this year, which took place since January 19, 1916, will be able to bring good success. I recorded an increase in the number of cases that took place in the last year, from January 24, 2016 to January 18, 2018. This is a division that is a success that has affected the country's economy and also the development, because people are more confident to contribute to the investment because this is a system that can be done more easily. All of this is possible because I just saw that the government established this national concept to improve the competition and the production. I have implemented several forms of salary management that are in place in this case. So, this concept has led the initiative to establish a kai-lo-dias to address commercial cases. The national concept director of the competition and production, Fiona Henson, explained that this kai-lo-dias can be brought at any time that there is an operation. Scylla Henson, you observed the good quality of the money that has been spent because of the disputes that have been raised. This is a recording for Guangkai Konsei, Sharon Dardan Heppelit, who is responsible for addressing criminal and commercial cases.  This is why we have to be able to use the link and the kai-lo-dias to address the issues of the kai-lo-dias. Now, we have to be careful of the fact that this kai-lo-dias has been very good at working for the common business sector. The registry has also added that in 2018, we have a kai-lo-dias to give a 100 million dollars to kai-lo-dias that can help you find attention for you. After that, I found a kai-lo-dias to judge the sale of the kai-lo-dias and I noticed that it has placed a lot of confidence to be able to continue to claim the kai-lo-dias. Recently, there was an officer who worked in the department who assisted judge to deliver the kai-lo-dias. According to the registry, everything is done well, because we are also able to pay attention to the number of kai-lo-dias in the day and then to judge the sale of the kai-lo-dias. The authority of the two-stakes sector has chosen to implement the operation of the kai-lo-dias to make it as a kai-lo-dias. This is a place that requires a spectacular demand for a united country. The Salah action will continue in many countries. This is an effort to strengthen the foreign language to visit this place for cultural purposes. The Greek authority, Christopher Gustav, said that this place is a beautiful country that is pure and natural and that it is available only in this place to encourage tourists to visit. But if Gustav wants to improve his activity, he can do so. For example, in the last six segments, all these kai-lo-dias are available only in this place. So, what has been done is to ensure that the people who visit this place will be able to see what is happening. Director of the Carnival Legend, Martin Lewis, explained that this carnival is a good carnival because it has done a lot of work to improve the production of carnival products. He declared that he will play the world with a carnival celebration and with a tourist product. Gustav said that he will be well-engaged in the carnival celebration and will play the world. He said that he will be able to participate in the carnival of this place because it is a beautiful place that exists in this place to visit for his carnival. This carnival will be held officially on Saturday, the 26th of May in Sousa-Bla in La Vigée. That's all for today. Thank you very much for watching. Thank you for your invitation. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. The tide for Castries Harbour was low at 1.21 p.m. and will be high again at 7.53 p.m. The tide for Villefort Bay was low at 2.48 p.m. and will be high again at 9 p.m. The seas slide to moderate with waves 3 to 5 feet or 0.9 to 1.5 meters. The sun will rise Friday at 5.35 a.m. And that brings us to the end of the NTN Nightly. Join us next time at 7 p.m. with a repeat at 7 a.m. Don't watch up with us anytime on the St. Lucia Government Facebook page or YouTube channel. I'm Nisha Charles.


Last week lawmakers at California's 2nd District Court of Appeal agreed with the Maleficent Star that John Odekirk should have disclosed prior business dealings with Pitt's lawyers. Angelina Jolie has won her legal bid to have a private judge removed from her contentious child custody matter with estranged husband Brad Pitt. Last week lawmakers at California's 2nd District Court of Appeal agreed with the Maleficent Star that John Odekirk should have disclosed prior business dealings with Pitt's lawyers and that his ethical breach considered together with the information disclosed concerning his recent professional relationships with Pitt's counsel might cause an objective person aware of all the facts reasonably to entertain a doubt as to the judge's ability to be impartial. Court officials added disqualification is required. The ruling, a huge victory for Jolie, means the warring couple officially divorced as of 2019 may be headed back to square one as they battle over custody arrangements for their five minor children.


Hello everyone, thanks for having us in Open Source Summit North America. We are going to talk about the Rastrolinus project and give a status update on it. My name is Miguel Hedda, I am a maintainer of the project. Hello everyone, I'm Wetson, I'm also a maintainer of the project and Miguel is going to get it started. So Rastrolinus is a project that aims to bring Rastroport into Rinnuskernel as a first-class landmine. And by first-class, what we mean is that it can be used anything that you would use the C-language right now in the kernel. As you may know, there are many other languages in the kernel, some here in the plot. Some of them are non-probable languages, others are used via the scripts and utilities, etc. But the idea is that if Rast gets into the kernel, it's the second main language that could be used for writing anything that you would read writing in C. So the bar that you see there on the right-hand side with Rast would increase eventually to the degree or same order as C. So why we want Rast in the first place in the kernel? Well, the first and main advantage of Rast is that it decreases the chance of having memory safety back. This includes use after freeze, double freeze, data phrases, etc. Rast system problem language that offers these advantages in the safe subset as long as the unsafe code that we need to write in the instructions is sound. And we will see a bit more about that bit. We also hope that it helps decreasing logic bugs because of the stricter type system. And with most disadvantages, it should also help on the development of review in the driver. For example, if you are a kernel developer and you're writing a driver, and you don't have to use unsafe code, you stay on the safe subset, then you should not have, as long as, again, the structure is sound, you should not have any memory safety bugs. So you don't need to worry about that. Also, because the type system is stricter, again, that should help more to catch cases where the function that you are calling from the driver and the types that you are using change. So the compiler ensures more things at compile time. And therefore, when changing through the feature when refactoring drivers and refactoring the instructions should help you catch kernel developers, should help them catch more bugs. To reiterate a bit and to reinforce the idea of why memory safety is important, I have here this slide which reminds that more or less, according to Microsoft, Google, and other companies that have done some, they have structured some data on the issues, the vulnerabilities that they have had over the last months, years, around 17% of them, of the vulnerabilities in C and C++ projects, come from a defender behavior, that is, memory safety issues, etc. You can see more in that link. So how does the project work? How does RAS for Linux, how we have set it up? There are several ways to do this, to integrate RAS and C in a project. But what we are doing in RAS for Linux is that we are encapsulating the unsafety of the C APIs that you see there in the right side of the slide. We are encapsulating those APIs and safe APIs with what we call safe abstracts. This is basically a RAS code that wraps the C APIs and provides for spouses a safe API to the drivers or other models, or even other code, but to simplify, let's say, RAS drivers. You see there, as we're in the slide, that there is a forbidden line from the drivers to the C APIs, but this means that eventually we want to forbid any direct call from the RAS drivers to the C APIs. The reason for this is to avoid a bit more encapsulation from the C APIs and, second and more importantly, to avoid any direct calls to the unsafe C APIs and try to get the drivers to avoid unsafe code as much as possible. It doesn't mean that all the APIs of the safe abstractions are safe. We have some and we may need some that are unsafe, but most of them are unsafe and we want them to have and to be safe. In this slide, we have a bit more, we zoom in a bit on the details. You can see here, for example, the driver, my food driver, would right now call the kernel create, the kernel create is where we currently have all the abstractions for all the subsystems that we are wrapping. And these call into the C APIs, which we don't call directly because RAS doesn't understand C code. So we use a tool called binding that generates a binding scrape, what do we call, from the headers, from the headers that are in the include folder in the kernel. And this post is basically the bindings, the C functions and the C types in their RAS equivalent format or representation. This diagram here gives a bit, another quick overview of what are the different pieces of the project right now. This may change soon in the future because the kernel create that you see in the right side may be divided. But right now what we have is a kernel create which contains, again, the abstractions, a macros create which is, they are like plugins for the compiler that procedure macros are calling in RAS. We also have the alloc create, which is a copy of the RAS alloc create which contains, for example, the containers and things that require a memory allocator, which in turn depends on the core create. The core create is the one that contains the base of the foundational types and all the facilities of the RAS language. These both the core and alloc, we cross-compile to whatever target we need. And the alloc create, again, is for the moment in the kernel tree, we hope that we can take it out and use the upstream alloc create but for the moment we need some tweaks or changes so we have a copy inside the tree. Then we have other pieces that they are not as important. Now, what have we done in the last year? So, first of all, on the infrastructure side, the first point which is important because it was talked in the main list, Linus wanted to see it gone, which were the panic allocations where we got rid of that. For that we introduced the alloc create into the tree and there is upstream, in upstream RAS there is work going on trying to provide this facility as well. We also moved to the latest edition of the RAS language. The RAS language has this additional system that allow to improve the language over time while keeping backwards compatibility. We also moved to the stable release of the RAS compiler. Last year we were using Nigly, the Nigly compiler. Now we are using the stable compiler. This doesn't mean that we are not using unstable features but we are using the stable compiler and we are tracking it. So, we upgrade the new versions as they come up. We also got some more further architecture report. We got some testing support as well. We are able to run the documentation test as they are called, the code that you write in the documentation. This is tested and is run inside the kernel as K unit test. We also got support for host programs in RAS which is in the kernel utility programs that you use for other tasks that you need to do outside the C compilation. We also got on-the-fly generation of the target specification file based on the kernel configuration. The target specification file is basically all the features or configuration that you need to provide to the RAS compiler for a given target. This is specific to the RAS compiler and we are also working with AppStream to see how we can move from that because that part is unstable. But previously, we didn't have this on-the-fly generation so we got customized in this target to work with you in the prototype. Now, on the extractions, there has been a lot of work. Wesson, which is presenting as well and introducing himself before, has been working on the example drivers and many, many of the extractions, for example, some conditional things like RAP3s as well as more other functionality that the drivers need, for example, files, tasks, credentials, etc. Also, a lot of synchronization features like semaphores, Fibocable, Mutexies, etc. We also stopped using Arc and RC, which are types from the allocrate and we started to use REF, which is simplified and tuned to the kernel and we expect that through or over time we will change other things and we will customize things to be more kernel-like like we do in the season. And we also have one important thing which Wesson will talk later is async and why it's important and why we work on it and what is coming. On other projects, it's important to talk about a bit other projects and what happened last year. Rust stabilized some features that we were using, we will see a bit on that later. We got some improvements on the upstream Rust in the compiler, in the standard library, in the tooling. We got some things there by contributors and it has been great, the experience working with them. There is support now in the ecosystem, let's say, for the new upcoming, the new demangling system for Rust. They can use the robot from Intel, has started running with Rust enabled, which is great. We thank them for that. Linados took it, also added Rust support and then on the Rust compiler side, Rust C Code Gen GCC, which is a package for the official or the main Rust compiler to use GCC through the GIT library, got merged into the official or the main Rust directory. GCC Rust, which is a new frontend for GCC, gained a few months ago a new second full-time developer so they have been doing great work and things have been spinning. Also, compiler problem, we did some, when not we, we suggested some improvements that they did the team or the compiler explorer team, which I think or we think they are useful for developer when they need to test some things in compiler explorer and CD output. Also, in events, we presented it in several venues last year. Here you see some of them or most of them you can refer to them if you want more information. As a fun fact, in LPC last year, in the keynote there was an informant pool asking few questions about Linux and ecosystem and one of them was what was the most emerging technology that was, that you were most excited about. An attendees voted or said Rust, Rust was the most expected one, the most they were excited about. Now, today to give a bit quickly the status, the status is still, as we have said many times, it's experimental. This means we are not expecting users to write away, use it in production, but it's usable already for writing new abstraction, writing new drivers and other modules. Even for writing new subsistence from scratch, instead of writing abstractions you can, if you are a kernel maintainer of a subsistence, you can write a new subsistence from scratch instead of developing abstraction for the current CAPIs. We have two modules working, even if they are not 100% complete. We have two modules, GPIO driver and the binary module for Android, which we have met in the past series. Quickly through the architecture, we have, this is the list of the architecture that we support. And again the target specification file is now generated from the kernel configuration. So kernel maintainers of these architectures can tweak the flags and can tweak the features they need and they can start providing better support for those architectures. We typically focus on X, 86 and ARM mostly, but we are happy to see more problems on the others as well. On unstable features in Rust, this is a fun topic a bit because in order for us to start putting a minimum version of Rust or the Rust compiler to establish a minimum version for the Rust compiler or the tool chain in the kernel like we have for GCC or CLAN, we need to basically cross all these features here. Some are more important than others, some we can maybe work around, etc. But we wanted to show you a bit the progress since the last year and what features went away since the last year. We are very happy that we see all this progress in accessing that in Rust compiler. So for GCC, as I mentioned before there are two main projects to generate code through GCC, apart from, of course, LLBM in a middle. Rust C, Code Gen GCC, nowadays already passes most of the Rust compiler tests and can actually bootstrap the Rust compiler. And Rust GCC, which is this new front-scratch front-end is looking into compiler, compiling the core standard library of Rust. So we are very, very, we are amazed about the work that they have done so quickly. So we hope to start playing with that with both of these projects as soon as possible to have the kernel parts of Rust compiling with GCC as well. And with that, this is basically the main things that we have been doing or how things have got, how we have got into this point. And the current status, and Wesson is going to talk a bit about the asynchronous Rust, which is something that I already mentioned before and it's coming, more and more things are coming in the near future. We think it's a very important, not very important, but maybe something that you cannot really do on, we'd see, let's say, and Wesson will explain much better why it is the case. Yeah, thanks, Miguel. So before I start getting into it, I'll talk a little bit about what motivated us to do this. One piece of feedback that we got last year on LPC was that we focus a lot on the memory safety and undefined behavior guarantees that Rust offers, right? And perhaps we should also look at the aspects of Rust beyond that. And one aspect that we feel strongly about is productivity, development, developer productivity in general. And we feel that asynchronous Rust actually is, as Miguel mentioned before, something that is quite a big difference between Rust and LPC. So let's start getting into it a bit more. So the first question that comes along is what is asynchronous programming? What do we mean when we say asynchronous, right? And what we mean is basically we have a piece of code that we want to execute, but for some reason we cannot make progress. There's like a piece of data or some stage that needs to be reached that hasn't reached out to the data that's not available yet, so we can't progress. That's when asynchronous programming comes in. When we are in these situations, there are usually two approaches to these two broad approaches, right? One is to create state machines and have events feeding to those state machines and that state machines evolve, right? And another option is to have just dedicated threads, right? And then you have straight line code and then when you cannot make progress, you just put that thread to sleep, right? And then eventually when you reach your state or when data becomes available, the thread wakes up and continues to make progress as you want it. The problem with this second option is that while you wait for your state or data, then that thread is idle, it's not doing anything.  So this actually doesn't scale and we'll talk a little bit about that later on. Now, what is it that Rust offers that helps approach this problem, okay? So the first thing, and this is the big differentiator between Rust and C, here is that the compiler builds the state machine from straight line code, right? So what you do is, and we'll see some examples that will make this clear, but I'll first introduce the concepts here. The developer writes straight line code as if they were doing the dedicated threads way of doing things. So it's very straightforward. Let's say you read something from, let's say you have a network server, right? So you read something from your socket, right? And let's say you haven't read enough information yet, so you wait for more to come and then once more is available, you read more and so on, and then you start passing your data and then start producing your results and then writing them out. These are examples of steps that one could take in this straight line code, right? So the Rust compiler reads straight line code like that. There's a few differences between this which we'll see in a second. But then what the compiler does is it generates a state machine automatically generates a state machine for you, right? And this state machine is a combination of codes and contacts data, and this will be clear when we take examples. So the compiler does that. And then once you have the state machine, you actually need to have a way to execute the state machines to drive them. So we have this concept in Rust called the executer, right? Which is basically a way for you to make these state machines go forward. And then once you reach those states where you cannot make progress, then the state machine is registered with a reactor, right? And then block, right? And the idea is that blocking the state machine doesn't block a thread, right? It's just like say some state in the memory doesn't take over a call stack. It's just some state in the memory and we'll see that it's a minimal state. And the thread that the executer was running can just continue doing something else, perhaps another state machine. And then this reactor thing is first of all, it's independent of the executer and what it does is once that state is reached when the state machine can make progress, it goes to the executer and says, oh, the state machine is ready to continue. So the executer can continue doing that. And the reactor is dependent of the executer. So you can have different types of executers and we'll talk a little bit about different types in the kernels. And one piece of information that I haven't given you yet is that the work that the compiler does is really just the first one, the creating the state machine for you. It doesn't provide executers and doesn't provide reactors. And this is related to creating these zero cost abstractions. So the environment has to provide this and we'll see how we provide those in the kernel in a second. So for executers, we actually use work queues basically to run the state machines and the idea is that each state machine holds with it a work item and then when the state machine is ready just queue the work item and it will eventually run and make progress until it blocks again. And then the work item completes its execution and the worker thread can work on something else. We also have the option to run in a single thread. We can have all the state machines attached to a single thread. And for reactors in the kernel, we actually already have, of course, this concept of asynchronous behavior. So we have sockets. We can do read and write sockets and then if the sockets are not ready for reading, for example, then we can register. When the socket becomes ready please tell my executor to run it again. And then we have a virtual file system operations, like you're reading or writing to and from a file. Those may block because we have to go to the block layer to read some stuff. In fact, block layer also has an abstraction block layer IO. We have these irbs. We have timers, which is also a reactor you can say, I want this state machine to block for 10 seconds. Eventually, when the time expires it gets queued again and gets to run. So here's a brief example of what I meant when I said that you write straight line code. This is an echo server. All it does is it accepts connections and it reads data and as it writes the data back to the peer. If you look at the acceptor loop, it literally just has a loop and it calls accept. If we can accept a new connection then we spawn a new task which is the state machine and this is the one. Echo server stream. This is this guy and this async is what triggers the generation of the state machine automatically by the compiler. If you look here, you'll see that we have a buffer. It's initialized and then we have a read and then we have a write. All error handling and sleeping and blocking is in here. This is a complete example and this gives you a sense of how simplified things are to have a straight line and all the error handling and everything here. To give you a sense of what the state machine looks like, I'll show you here for the echo server state machine. Here we have the memory layout and then what the compiler does automatically for us is it creates this truck which is the context. Stream is shared by all the states. Buffer is also shared by all the states. Then we have a tag here that says what is the state that we happen to be in. Then state zero is when the function starts. There is no state associated with it. It only has a buffer and streamer shared by all states. What this does is initializes the buffer to zero. It comes into the loop and eventually reads. We actually have state one and this has a socket weight object in it. This is how we talk to the reactor. We talk to the socket and say if you're not ready to be read then I'll block and wake me up when you're ready. Then there's a third state state two which is on the right because the right can also block. The right is not draining its side. Then we won't be able to write. Then I expanded this. The right all down here. The idea is that we have N. It's this local variable here which is the number of bytes that were read. We want to write. Within that function we also have the remaining buffer here. It also appears here on the state machine. We also have another socket weight for weighting in case the right blocks. The idea here is that all of these states overlap. This is a union. The current state dictates which one of these unions is active. One thing that is really interesting here is that even though we have echo server as a function that is calling block, we actually don't need a stack to represent the state when we park the execution of the state machine because all these states that we need to have saved and restored at a later point is actually stored in this context. The compiler does that automatically for you. You just use them as you can see here like local variables. It appears like a local variable here on the stack and appears like a local variable here but they are in fact just context variables stored in this layout. So you can think of these as coroutines or green threads but they are also stackless and automatically generated by the compiler for us. So why does this matter to us? The main reason is that the kernel has a lot of handwritten state machines and the kernel is intrinsically asynchronous. It actually has this mode of operation where there's always some piece of data or some piece of state that we haven't reached yet and then just have to wait. And when we build these state machines by hand we can build these highly scalable systems but they are very complex and with this increased complexity we increase the risk of bugs. So what Rust brings to the table here is that it may actually eliminate the tradeoff between simplicity and scalability when I talked earlier on about having a thread and then writing a straight line code, that's not scalable if you want to create a new thread for each connection that you upset then eventually you use too much memory to represent each client that is connected to you. And Rust eliminates this idea. You don't have to choose either you're scalable or straight line. You can do both with Rust and it's going to be as efficient as before. Climbing up is quite simple. We actually use this idea of dropping implementations in Rust to most of the cleanup. For example if you look at this code for example and this server is blocked here on the read and you want to terminate this disconnection, really all you have to do is come to this task that we created and say close. What happens is it knows that it's in state one and it knows that the socket weight is alive. So it actually destroys this socket weight and the socket weight in turn knows which socket it's attached to and knows how to unregister from it. So cleanup is automatic. You don't actually have to think about it yourself and implement it. And of course we get all the Rust memory safety guarantees.  I'll just run through them and I'll leave the slides there for folks to refer to it later on. But KSMBD is an example of a server that we have in the kernel. It actually has a mixture of the straight line code that is scalable and the state machine and more scalable thing. But it actually has a few problems which the problem is related to actually blocking even when it's doing work in the work queue. Another problem which is this even in the straight line code due to cleanup we actually instead of just blocking this call it actually goes to lead for 100 microseconds. So we're like we're spinning and every 100 microseconds we're waking up and the idea here is just we want to see if the interface was removed and we want to back out of this which is something that you wouldn't have to do with Rust. If you just close this state machine and everything would be taken care of automatically. And this is here the example of a straight line code but blocking. So read can block and then now we're burning a whole call stack on this and this other read can also block and then we're doing this and then this process actually works out and ends it over. NVMET is another example but this one doesn't use a mixture. It actually just does the state machine and it's fully async and it's very scalable and great but it comes at the complexity so this is an example of receiving one thing. We have a state machine if the state is this then do that and then if the state is this then do that and each one of these can actually halfway through it fail because there's not enough data so it returns with either E again and then waits to be called again. Here's the same size side of things out a lot of states and the last example is BCM203X which is just doing the firmware uploading firmware to some Bluetooth device it also has a state machine and this is related to it's USB device so there's a USB device attached to some host and there's a state machine that is driven by completion of USB and so what I'd like to show and this slide here is just to reiterate what I've said before and Miguel has said before too the async rest actually allows us to write straight line code reduces complexity, fewer bugs, fewer vulnerabilities it has the same performance and scalability as the complex state machine manually written state machines and of course it benefits from memory safety from rust so we feel that developers are more productive if they can write this code this way and not the unique performance penalty and with that Miguel is going to come back and tell us a bit more about what's coming along in the next year Yeah, thank you for for async what's on set is one of the things we are working on there are other milestones that we have for the next year and even if it is extrapolating a bit we cannot, of course, promise the future but what we want to see happen is first of all we want more use cases or more uses of the rust support inside the kernel because this is basically the end goal having more example drivers etc. We want to split the kernel create that we talked about a bit before into several and managing create dependencies throughout the kernel tree etc. This would improve development for kernel maintainers and developers. We also want to improve the integration of documentation on the testing and the rest of the toolchain there are things to improve in several areas of course one of the critical things as well is getting more system maintainers involved there are some system maintainers a few of them that are interested in using rust they have contacted us but we want to see more and more people joining trying to code, writing new extracts etc as well as more companies involved and more researchers as well people from academia We also want to see the rest of the rust feature that we had listed before that is like seeing most of that gone Of course we are not exactly sure when but hopefully by the next year if we have the same number of cross lines new cross lines as the last year then we are mostly there Now as we mentioned we want to play with compiling the rust portion of the kernel with ECC and of course getting merged into a kernel which should help everything else or make everything else easier and we also another point that I would like to mention is that we wanted to have some learning resources write more revenue resources, more documentation to use this this rust support in the kernel which as Wesson said is something that we have been some of the feedback that we got last year and also as a last very last thing there is some work on the MVME driver that Wesson started back then Andreas Hinburg from Westerita is working on he may have something ready in the future Also there are some upcoming events we are very excited about the first one is Kangrejo which is the Rust for your workshop is a meeting and conference that we organized to make everyone that is interested in this effort this year we are going to have it face to face which let's see how it goes we will be also right after that next week we will be in Plumbers in LPC and this year we will have a micro conference on Rust not just Rust for Linux but also everything Rust related if you are a Rust developer you have used Rust also the kernel and you want to speak there please send us a proposal the call is open and finally something we wanted to mention before in the talk we mentioned that there were two sessions of the information life and of the series we had two on code documentation on Rust for the kernel and a bit of an interaction the first one was a bit an interaction with the safety what the safe and unsafe Rust means and there are three more coming from Wilson the first one is in July it will happen in July and the other two are being escaped and with that thanks a lot for being here we would have liked to be live but we will try to answer questions in the chat in what the talk is going on thanks a lot thanks everyone thanks bye


Sebastian decided he'd had enough of the odd jobs. It was time to take a break from the routine he's had and take a leap of faith. He decided to hit the road and join the Wild West comedy show for 30 days and 30 nights in a Hollywood to the Heartland. Originally planning to return to the Four Seasons, fate had other plans for Sebastian. Opportunity's knocked and he found himself in the center stage as an opening act. The pay wasn't exactly rolling in the big bucks but it was enough to keep the dream alive. Sebastian's slow and steady climb in the comedy world paid off big time.  Fans were thirsty for more and soon enough the fame and fortune was knocking on his door. In 2009 he dropped his first DVD, Sebastian Live, marking the beginning of his stand-up specials.


Hello, and welcome back here to the channel. I'm evil rabbit if this car looks familiar then you've been around the channel for a minute This is the project polo drift car So we're gonna be taking a look at this and another car that I'm getting released from my evil rabbit vault of cars out to the Patreon so make sure you just follow me all social media all which found in the description box below So I can say if you guys remember seeing the building of this This is a project polo drift car that is set for USDA spec So we're gonna be ripping it here today for a Chance on this downhill rally course. It's a rally car turn drift car So as for this this is one of the two new cars that are coming out in my patreon exclusive Vault of my personal cars that I've built and never released So if you guys want to get this as well as the other car you're gonna see today May she follow link down to patreon for any tier patreon level There's these cars that are on there for you guys to download and rip yourself as well as a handful of other cars Exclusively for my patreon to show my thank you to you guys. So that being said You know, we're gonna go full send on this thing Not sure what your ratio should be Music and I'll still notice track But you know we Gonna do our best right now. Oh, I can't see Good, let's see where I was going there for a second But this is downhill this is more of an uphill right now This project polo drift car was definitely a lot of fun. Oh, man. We're almost on a gas already. We put more fuel in the car We're gonna go till we're out of fuel this project polo was definitely a lot of fun to build and Definitely had a lot of fun making it just does not do what I was hoping it would fully do in a competition aspect Oh, okay 360 720 for style says that's why the car has been put on the back burner But it's now out for you guys My patreon support is big. Thank you. Don't you guys for supporting the channel and everything that I do? For you guys to rip yourself banks of the pops Halo seats. Oh Definitely need to be cut back a little bit. I feel oh How much further we're gonna be able to go on gas? Left a break in there to keep ourselves kind of oh gosh Take the trash at your trash get it Brassink does have no lift shift and the dog marks transmission at one run that tires to roast tires I Just love the popping from this car Feel like I drive this car better. Oh on a rally course that I do a rally car Oh, and that's the end of fuel How far were we close to the end we ran out of gas man? Let's take a look at that from a third-person perspective The project polo rally car was definitely a fun car to build like I said I had a lot of fun with it being my Volkswagen background and everything like that Lower that car a little bit So that's where this car truly came from and I had a lot of fun And now you guys can have fun ripping this car to the car looks sick Sliding no joke. It sounds amazing kept the factory motor in it Just bumped up the turbo power the turbo pressure and everything like that What does high-mount third brake light on the rear wing? It's a fun car to rip through the rally courses now I would be probably adjusting the seats a little bit with the halo being a little bit big may continue to do some More work on the car so there may be a new version released or an updated version for you guys If you are a substance patreon any car that I do released I do update you guys will get the updates for of course As long as you're a patreon you will get the updates any cars that I may change where it comes to like modeling and things like that. Oh Is this what we did the 360 720? Yep, there we guys were throwing Road markers away, so it's definitely a very different car that you don't see too often And you know super excited to let you guys get a hand on it and see what you guys think about it I need these cars that are you know getting dropped on there take pictures of them do some runs post them on Instagram tag me and I'm whatnot.  It's a lot of fun So we're gonna take a look at the next car that is being released to the patreon's here, and that's uh a bit bigger of a car and that is the drift vet that I was Going to be using as a competition car as you can see it does have a mild Faded livery on it, but you've already let go energy of course you've already motorsports This car was going to be a competition car that I was gonna use in a invitational and or in You know drift competitions, but never got fully around to finishing the car It's definitely a very beautiful model. It's based off of math fields this car So it's an extremely well built car It may look familiar because it you know is reminisce and is from the forza horizon model So we're gonna go full-send on this, but of course, you know we got to turn the turn the teal glow on so let's go full-send same track Much louder of a car We should have more gas in this car, so This car is so much louder than that polo, so we're gonna drop the audio just a smidge All right full-send on this course with the vet. Oh As we're not starting off the greatest, but then again, we also don't know this track. I oh for sure don't know this track. Oh I think we just smacked into somebody's car that was just parked side of the road They should know better than to park on the side of a rally course When there's a drift driver going up it a little bit too heavy on the brakes cause a little bit of a lock up This car is so much fun though. Got that turbo V8 going on under the hood wall tap Man is to save it though See if I knew this track this probably so much easier, but I do not know this course Not a rally track that I run all the time Trying to get saucy with that flick in there we died with the polo so It's nice a bit better of a view with the halos, but the halos are still pretty big I do have some new halo seats in my comp cars Which reminisce the seat that I'm sitting in currently on my sim rig That I have put together and made this where we died with the polo so Still putting gas in this vet Careful, we got it going full send up this hill We're on tires soon. There they go. Oh, man as I say that we Kind of do not have much grip left in the back tires of this car As you can see oh my Right at the end though So we can take a look at the replay angle of this On as my steering was all kinds of sideways to do some damage to the front of this car So let's take a look at the replay and See ya how we did that menacing looking vet with the teal glow All throughout the car underneath in the back inside and everything Much more power than that polo But so these are the two cars that are now released out to my patreon's any level tier one two or three Gets you access to these cars as well as other cars and some other cool content on the patreon page So if you guys are not a part of it You guys want to get these cars you should guys follow the link down below and download it Oh, we would have killed that man follow the link join the patreon This is my way of saying thank you to everybody that supports the channel and patreon and stuff like that because I Can continue to bring cars out to you guys that I have in my vault of cars that I have never released out in public Personal cars that I've been testing for competitions and stuff like that cars got a lot of bounce Oh, there was a wallet things that I was testing to find out what comp car I really wanted to run and stuff like that and this was one of the cars as well as that m2 35 That we're gonna be used for drift Invitational that never took because of the limit of time and Staff you know help that I would need to basically staff a you know Invitational is and stuff like that. So I'm still in the works of trying to get that to happen It's just with limited support from people that I can count on and be there when I need them to be is a Struggle so I hope you guys enjoyed this video and I hope you guys enjoy the cars If you do like I said take some pictures take some video Let me know attack me and Instagram as always. I thank you guys for coming back and watching. I'm even more have it I'll see you guys on the track


From Soldiers Radio and Television, this is the Army Today, a daily feature from around the globe. The program executive officer combats the tactics of coalition forces' enemies just as fast as they come up with them. One of their latest products is already paying dividends. Staff Sergeant Ross Cox's experience with the Pelvic Protection System is living proof. I know that it played a huge part in my injuries based on what I've been told. Sergeant Cox fell victim to a dismounted improvised explosive device while on patrol in Afghanistan. I just, the next thing I hear is a boom and I'm just looking, I'm laying on my back looking up in a tree and I see my knee pad and all I'm thinking I'm just going, you know, that's not good. That is not good. His injuries were severe. My medic, he said, hey, your left leg is going to be amputated. Your right leg is broken, but it should be good and your right arm is fine, it's just cut open. I said good. While taking this news in stride, he focused on other body parts. I don't think it was the first thing that I asked, but I don't think it was the last thing. I just knew that I asked it and then I was like, how are my, how are my, how are my privates? How are my boys?  Not a bad deal for wearing the pelvic protection system for the first time. I know that piece of equipment is a very important piece of equipment and it'd be like leaving without your weapon and I hope that, that getting this out there will really put, put some thought to make the decision on what to wear and what not to wear and when to wear it and when not to. That's the Army Today from Soldiers Radio and Television.


Healthy Planet, this show for people who care about their health and the health of our planet on the Think Tech Lifetime Network series. I'm your host Dr. Grace O'Neill. Joining me today are Ray Okawa and Dr. Juan Guerra from the Hawaii Wildlife Center. Welcome Dr. Juan and Ray. Thank you for being on the show. So first why don't you tell us, Ray, about what you guys do at the Hawaii Wildlife Center. Sure. Thank you so much for having us. You're really excited. I love talking about birds. I can talk about birds all day. So really thrilled to be here. Hawaii Wildlife Center is a conservation organization dedicated to the care and rehabilitation of all species of native winged wildlife. So as long as it's native to Hawaii and it has wings, we care for it at our facilities and our partner programs. And we're really dedicated to a world where native species thrive. So they're among us and as their populations hopefully continue to recover, we want to be able to provide a resource to allow them to thrive among us. And we want them to coexist but also thrive. And that means on the individual level, taking in sick and injured wildlife, making sure that they're healthy, making sure we address not only the primary issues but any secondary issues and making sure when we release them that they're just tip top shape and ready to be on their own in the wild. And on the same kind of the same goal on the opposite and on population levels too, you know, we want to really preserve the genetics of these populations that we're working with. And also we want to share all the information about native species and what makes them super cool and why we need to save them and, you know, get people excited about being in conservation and saving these species. That's wonderful. So you guys have a resident vet Dr. Juan Guerra. So can you tell us Dr. Juan what it's like being the veterinarian at Hawaii Wildlife Center versus like a regular vet? What kind of work you do day to day? Yeah, I mean, it's very, it's very exciting to work here at the Hawaii Wildlife Center. I mean, definitely I enjoy the everyday veterinary work and it's going to do a little bit on the side. But as far as helping wildlife, there's a certain sense that, you know, these species, a lot of them are threatened, several of them are in danger. So getting the sense that I can put the skills that I've earned in vet school to help this cause, it feels really good. So how did you start getting interested in birds and bats and doing the kind of work you do? Did you always know you wanted to do this kind of work versus being a veterinarian for pets or like a zoo vet? Was there like a specialty for this kind of thing? No, my, you know, I would start out by saying I'm actually very lucky. There's definitely a lot of veterinary students that would love to do what I'm doing and that's one of the things that we do. We get vet students here to help them get the experience that you need. But in vet school, usually in most places you learn a little bit about all the species. And just for fun, I ended up taking classes on avian anatomy and medicine and it was kind of just like a side interest of mine. And then when I moved to the big island in 2016, I was working in mixed animal practice in Waimea. And then I got recruited by the Wildlife Center to be their primary care volunteer veterinarian at the time. I didn't really necessarily feel qualified at the time. But they knew that I had taken classes and have gone to conferences. And that's how it started. And I kept on continuing to try to get experience on my own by going to conferences, helping out at the Wildlife Center. And then eventually a position opened up here. And that's my main job at the moment. Wonderful. So how about you, Ray? You're the development director. So do you mostly focus on education of the, you know, just children, just meet, you know, people about Hawaii wildlife or what is your focus at the Center? I would say I'm the staff partner. As the development director, I actually, my primary function is to make sure that we have the funding and partnerships in place available to keep our doors open. But I'm primarily like, I, by training, I'm a field biologist, turn fundraiser. I kind of miss being on the field sometimes, but, you know, seeing the impact of the funds that I'm able to bring in and how that's helping wildlife, that's, that's the reward. But I'm born and raised on Oahu, still have family in IAEA. And, you know, growing up, I would see a lot of birds, you know, and looking at them and trying to figure out where they're from and finding out that most of the birds that I was seeing were introduced and that kind of sparked the interest on, you know, what, well, what actually is native. And I remember I was in the car with my grandma one day and I just like off the cuff, I think it was in like middle school, late middle school, early high school. And I'm like, I wish I could just study birds. And I just said, just read me. And my grandma told me like, Oh, well, ornithology is a thing. And then, yeah, it just, it just grew from there. I went to get my master's on the, on the continent, but I knew I wanted to come home to Hawaii. So it's really fortunate to connect with Linda, our center director and founder of the organization. And she gave me an opportunity to come home and work in conservation with birds. So I am also extremely lucky and grateful. Nice. So I guess you had mentioned before about the native birds and not knowing which ones are native, because a lot of them are introduced. So can you kind of tell us which birds are native? And you have some pictures as well, so we can run through those. I do. Yeah. So it really depends on where in Hawaii you're located to, you know, what's in your area. But one on Oahu that's pretty common, that's pretty spectacular is the Manuoku, the white turn. And they have such a following. They're such charismatic birds. You know, it's so rare to see native sea birds thriving in downtown Honolulu or flying through Chinatown. So seeing that is really a unique thing. And it kind of shows that there is hope too for species, native species to thrive among us. And if we just take the time to learn their life histories and what makes them so cool, it's really a great tool for conservation. Okay, so these birds are really cool. They do not make nests. So when it's time to have their babies lay their eggs, they find a really nice, latter-cuped branch, and they just plop that egg right on the branch. And as soon as that baby hatches, it just has to hang on. So if there are high wind storms or as a case of happy feet, you know, sometimes they'll fall out of the tree. And luckily there is a really great citizen group, the Hui Manuoku, that works very hard to get these babies back to the parents because the parents always know best and know how to raise their chicks. But in the cases where the chick is injured or unable to be reunited, we do take those babies and raise them here and then send them back to Oahu for what we call a soft release. These guys get a soft release. Hard releases are like what you typically see.  After Manuoku, they need to learn how to be a bird and they need to do that from their peers because we can't teach them that. So we send them to Oahu. We have a satellite facility there. We work with the Honolulu Zoo. They have a soft release tree.  We provide snacks, part of this program, but once they're like fully sufficient, they don't need our help anymore. They don't need our snacks and they stop coming back. Good. What kind of snacks? Like what do they eat? Fish. Little, usually we do little snows. So what kind of injuries do you see on these birds, Dr. Wan? Specifically the Manuoku. The Manuoku first. Yeah, with Manuoku and it depends on the species. That's why I was asking. With Manuoku, thankfully most of them are healthy orphans. We're just not able to reunite them with their parents. So the process is, you know, it's still a lot of work, many days, maybe many feedings per day, but usually no medical issues that we have to deal with. Occasionally they do come with some intestinal parasites that we have to take care of. And then a couple of times there are injuries from falling down from the tree that we have to work with either whether it's an injured wing or an injured leg. So those would be the most common things for Manuoku. How about the other birds? What kind of injuries do you work with on the other birds? Yeah, for other birds, for example, Onooku, we also get several red-footed rubies as well as brown rubies. Those ones tend to be more collision injuries. They're flying around and they'll hit something. It can be anything, either a building, a power line. We even once had a bird that hit a windsurfer while they were out in the water and the windsurfer was okay and eventually the ruby got released so everything was okay. So those can be just soft tissue injuries, an area of swelling in the wings. Sometimes it can be a cut that we have to suture and sometimes more severely we have fracture, etc. So those would be the injuries that we see with rubies. Here on the Big Island with Nene, those ones also tend to be trauma-related. Usually collision with something, either hit by car. Occasionally we get predator injuries where they'll get attacked by a predator and they may have an infection that we may have to deal with. Predators do they have? I didn't realize they have predators. Well, oh, predators. You know, here on the Big Island it's probably going to be mainly mongoose and cats that might go after them. Then they are usually big enough where they can vent for themselves. So what we tend to see more with Nene is that they'll have puncture wounds and then those wounds will get infected from the bacteria in the mouth. So we've seen that sometimes. And yeah, and we have many other species. Eo, the main problems with them. Again, it's going to be Hawaiian hawk collisions. So they'll either hit something, they'll hit a window or a building. Unfortunately, some of them are also have also been shot by people. So we are trying to raise awareness of, you know, why these birds are important and they're not pests and we should like to live with them. So those are some examples that we can do and see. Are they hunters that shoot them for food? I mean, I don't really understand why anybody would. I mean, I guess it's hard to know. On our end, we mostly find out by x-rays and we see metal sharks and sometimes we find bullets. I know that the Division of Forestry and Wildlife, we provide all the information to them for them to look into why the birds are being shot. Is there a penalty for that? If it's an endangered species, a native bird? Yes, yes. There is. I mean, even if it wasn't classified as an endangered species, they're still covered under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. So shooting any, you know, native species is illegal. And what, what kind of penalty is that? Is there a fine? Or is it jail time? I mean, it depends on severity. Then that's really up to law enforcement, but it's usually pretty hefty if you're found guilty of this.  So let's go through some of the other pictures so you can tell us about some of the other native birds if you can run through the other slides. Yeah. So, yeah, we're, these are our wedge-till-shear waters and, you know, they're, they're on the pull, they're from fallout. And we really want to, again, we want to make sure that they're in healthy, you know, tip-top shape. So not only does that mean the physical injuries or any issues, neurological trauma, all of that is rectified, we want to make sure that they're behaving like normal birds. So we have a whole checklist of criteria that the bird needs to pass or the patient needs to pass before we actually release them. And then this is our Pueo. So we do get a lot of hawks and owls, and it's been increasing. For these guys, mostly they're affected by barbed wire entanglement for sure, and also rodenticide poisoning. So if you're using rodent poisons that are not wildlife safe, our hawks and owls, you know, they look, who doesn't like an easy meal? So, I mean, poison rodents are very slow, lethargic, super easy to catch.  That's too bad. So what do you do for that kind of like that, you know, in human medicine, we would, you know, maybe give them like some activated charcoal or like, I mean, I don't know if you would do a gastric lavash. What do you do for an owl that's poisoned? You know, you kind of mentioned some of the things that can be done, and it's pretty much the same in birds or in other species. So activated charcoal is one of the options. Stomach lavash is another that's going to be more when whatever animal has seen the toxin, and it's still within a few hours that you can get it out, the activated charcoal prevent the absorption of whatever's still in the animal that you can't get out through a gastric lavash. The majority of these birds, though, they have been out there for an unknown period of time. And most of the time it's already been at least a day or two before they actually get symptoms and we actually get them. So at that point, usually those options are won't really work. With rodenticide poisoning, there's really the main one that we deal with and that we can do something about it is the anti-coagulation rodenticides, and those ones we have to supplement with vitamin K. So if we have an owl or an eel that is suspected for rodenticide poisoning, we will go ahead and start them on vitamin K. Depending on the type of rodenticide, it can stay in their system for a few days or even up to several weeks. So usually we don't know what they ingested. So we go ahead and keep them on vitamin K for a couple of weeks.  Do you suggest they use traps? Like I guess, how do you suggest people do that so they don't give them these rodenticides that could be dangerous to these birds? We control for rodents at our facility as well because it's one of the measures that we take to protect our patients. We do use traps. There's humane traps, especially the ones that are used out in the field. They're lethal, but there's no suffering. And there's also wildlife safe rodent bait out there as well. So it really just comes down to doing some research before you decide on sort of a protocol for your own rodent control, whether it's wildlife safe and humane. And where do these owls hang out? I mean, maybe I just haven't known what to look for.  Where do they hang out? Pueo. They tend to be diurnal hunters. So they will be hunting during the daytime as opposed to, you know, the owls in the mainland that will tend to hunt at nighttime. So at least here, I can really only speak about the big islands. This is where I'm most familiar with. But they like to hang out and open in open grassland areas. So if you go towards Waimea and Saddle Road, you will see them hunting usually in the middle of the day, sometimes a little bit closer to dusk. So that tends to be the area where I see them the most here on the big island. Every island we have, it probably would be similar in Oahu where there's also whale. Yeah, their tendencies are similar. Oahu is definitely more challenging. They are state listed as an endangered species on Oahu. So they're not as easy to see as they are here. So let's go through some of the other pictures you have, you know. This is. So this is the sheer water going through a wash. And, you know, again, it's we really want to make sure that the bird is able to survive on its own. And for seabirds, waterproofing is super important for their ability to survive on the ocean. So if the bird comes in contaminated, we need to clean that bird up. Even if it's not, you know, petroleum based, if it's just like dried blood or dirt or fish oils from what they ate in care, we want to make sure that all of that is gone before we release them because we want to give them the best chance once they are free and on their own. Yeah, and this is a naining care. And this kind of highlights sort of our main wildlife programs. So here at our Kapa'au facility, we have a wildlife hospital and a rehabilitation center and that they kind of work hand in hand. So the hospital does all the veterinary care for, you know, fixed bones, make sure the illnesses are cared for. The rehabilitation side is also very important and it's different from wildlife medicine because now you're looking at behavior, you're like, it's like when you break a bone and you have to go to physical therapy afterwards, it's kind of like, yeah, together, they make the complete regimen. So we have our physical therapy, you know, monitoring behavior, monitoring muscle mass, making sure they're exercising sometimes begrudgingly, but, you know, making sure that that bird is strong and able to go. We're also built for emergency response. So that means oil spills, contaminants spills, any kind of, you know, mass event that needs an emergency responder for wildlife, we are built for that.  So we right now we have birds from pretty all the islands, I would say almost. So we're always getting birds from Oahu, we'll get birds from Maui. We have our partners save our sheer waters on Kaua'i, but we'll help them out sometimes. So we are built for the entire state of Kaua'i and part of that requires stabilization satellites. So we do have a satellite on Oahu and we have partners on Lina'i that help with stabilization of the patient, making sure that they're medically okay to transport. And then once we do that, we bring them here. And they are flown by a plane, I guess over to the big island. Yes, they are. We fly a lot of birds sometimes commercially, sometimes with volunteer pilots. The US Coast Guard Auxiliary has flown for us before. We have a new volunteer pilot that just like put his plane together and is super excited to be like air bird Uber. So it's really, it's really great. And he's excited and we're excited to have him. So, you know, it's all about rallying community to get these birds healthy and back out. So let's go on then. I don't want to waste any time. Sure. Yeah. So this is Hawaii Kea. It's a white tailed traffic bird. And this is an example of a contamination event that's not petroleum based. So we do get contaminated birds that come in contaminated, not by oil. And this bird, unfortunately, was found in sewage. You could tell by the smell. This wildlife rehabilitation is not a glamorous job. Like a lot of people think it is, but we deal with a lot of poop. We deal with a lot of, you know, savage. So, you know, it's, it was a sewage bird. And luckily, you know, nothing else was wrong with it. We were able to get it washed. It was in care for a very short time. And it was a successful release. How did it get in sewage? I'm curious. I don't know. These birds get into trouble a lot. We've also got muddy ones. It really is sewage, like just in the sewage plant? Or I mean, how birds love the wastewater treatment plant, like the wastewater treatment plant here in Kona is a birding hotspot. Why?  Birds are around us and they utilize the environment how they can. And Dr. Wang, can they get some diseases from humans from swimming in the sewage? I'm sure that's not really good for them. Yeah, for sure. They're, they're very, I mean, all things considered, they're very party, but for sure they can get gastrointestinal issues, if they eat something rotten.  But for sure, it's a possibility. But yeah, they, they do make the best of it as far as this artificial wetlands with the wastewater treatment plant. Mm-hmm. I mean, I know like avian flu, right? That comes from a bird. So I mean, they must be able to get even stuff like that, like COVID. I mean, I don't know, I'm assuming birds can get COVID too, other mammals do. So maybe from the sewage and it is, it's excreted in the sewage and everything. So definitely it's not good. Okay, we can go on to the next slide. I want to. Yeah, that's the traffic bird being released. And actually, could we go to the pool picture with all the shearwaters in it? Yeah, that one. So that is from seabird fallout season. Usually it's the peak every November, December. And during this time, the young wedge-till shearwaters are taking their first flight out to sea. And the way that they've evolved is they know how to, they know where to go because they follow the light of the moon. But now if you think, you know, of Oahu, especially, it's like the light of the moon is no longer the brightest thing in the sky. So while they're heading, you know, we're finding them all over in parking lots, drives through, you know, garages. So we, we've been running a program called Oahu Seabird Aid since 2017, I believe. And our job, our main job is to get the down seabirds on Oahu, you know, picked up, examined and get back out to sea. So it's usually a really quick turnaround. And during that time, we are at like our peak season of birds. Normally, we're getting maybe one or two a day during seabird fallout season. It's like 50 a day. Yeah, during that one month span, we get over 600 birds. So it's kind of all hands on deck on Oahu during that time. Wow. So let's go to the bat because I don't want to miss the one. So tell us about the bat one. What's going on with this bat? Yeah, this one, this one, I believe had, you know, it's hard to know. We don't know for sure, but he had some sort of an injury that he couldn't fly well. During the first couple of days, no fractures, thankfully, but just couldn't fly. And then afterwards, as the bat got better, when we did flight testing, which means taking it out to one of the aviaries and seeing what it can do in a big open space, it would kind of do this sports doing type of a flight. So it likely had some sort of neurologic issue, like maybe head trauma, took a couple weeks, eventually improved, and then was able to be released. And how many bat species does Hawaii have? Right, because I don't know. We have one species of bat, the opea pea, the Hawaiian Hori bat. And for us, it's a very rare patient too. We usually get one, maybe two a year. Last year, for some reason, we had five, but with the amount of bats we get every year, we can still count on one hand. But I always like to include them, because we talk about birds a lot. Most of our patients, we had 905 patients. Last year, the total and five of them were bats. So most of our patients are birds, but I always want to include a shout out to the bat, because they're really cool species. They're our only native land mammal. And a lot of times, you'll see pictures in the media or whatever, and it looks so scary. And like, no, they're really cute. So I want to continue to get cute pictures of bats out there. That's like my ulterior motive. Absolutely. People don't realize how good bats are. So unfortunately, we're out of time, so we have to wrap it up now. I'm Dr. Grace O'Neill. This is Healthy Pen on the Think Tech livestreaming network series. We've been talking with Dr. Wang Guara and Ray Okawa from the Hawaii Wildlife Center. Thanks to Michael O'Brock as engineer and the rest of the crew at Think Tech for hosting our show, and thanks to you, our listeners for listing. I'll see you in two weeks for more of Healthy Planet on Think Tech, the show for people who care about their health and the health of our planet. My next guest will be Dorae Shin from the Good Food Movement. If you have ideas for the show or questions for my future show guests, please contact me at HealthyPlanetThinkTech at gmail.com. Check out my website at GraceInHawaii.com or Instagram at GracefulLiving365 for more information on my projects, including future show guests. I'm Dr. Grace O'Neill. Aloha everyone. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please click the like and subscribe button on YouTube. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn. Check out our website, thinktechawaii.com. Mahalo.


Hi everyone, I'm Joe for JaspeysCaseBreaks.com here coming at you with 2020-2021 Panini Immaculate Basketball. One box, random team number 24. Yep, high risk, high reward, but a lot of great potential here. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. Thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up. Congrats again to the people who won their spots in those two filler breaks, Prism Sella 184 and Prism Basketball Sella Pack number 185. All 30 teams are in. Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and teams. Six and a five. 11 times. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. And 11th and final time. Nolan down to Allen. All right. Once again. Six and a five. 11 times for the teams. One. Two. Three. Four. And finally 11th and final time. We got the Detroit Pistons down to the Miami Heat. All right. There's the list here. Nolan with the Pistons, Canard with the Spurs, Nolan with the Magic, Joshua with the Wizards and Bucks, Nolan, Nix and Rockets, Brian Frank with the Pacers, Arthur Sears with Doubles, Nolan with the Thunder, Brian with the Hornets, Knights, Allen You got my Lakers. And you have the Hawks.  The Heat is on. It's alphabetized by team name. Let's box these up, center it up. Make it look nice for the shipping and sorting team. All right. Let's select that die right here. We have just two boxes of this immaculate basketball left, ladies and gentlemen. That's it. Remember, we marked those as Xs, so you know they're from the same case. So two boxes left from that case. The other box, whatever it's going to be, is already in the store, jaspyscasebreaks.com if you want to run this back tonight. One, two, three for the top box, four, five, six for the bottom box. Six. Bottom box. So this will be for random team 25. Not pick your team 25. Random team, RT, random team 25. All right, now we're going to flip back to the list. We're going to pause the video when we come back. We're going to see if there's any trades. And then we'll have the break, stick around, BRB. All right, welcome back, everybody. No deals were done. I guess everyone was happy with their teams. There you go. Thanks, everyone. Thanks, everybody, for getting in the last one box break, the last box in this case loaded up in the store right now, jaspyscasebreaks.com. We've got a redemption on the bottom. Let's see what that redemption is going to be. All right, first card is Terry Rosear, 89 out of 99. That's going to be for Brian. Got Carmelo Anthony, 65 out of 99. Piece of his jersey, Portland. Allen with the trailblazers. We got 14 out of 33. Patrick Ewing, night's old school relic in there for the Knicks, Nolan, with New York. We got a Moses Brown, autographed, 15 out of 99. Rookie Auto for OKC, Nolan. We got a Rick Fox, 18 out of 99. Shadowbox signatures for my Lakers.  All right, now let's see what this redemption is all about. Good luck. Dual autographs. Riffer called a dual autograph. Specifically, Riffer said dual autoseltics. I hope it's just one team. I hope I don't have to make one person happy and one person sad. All right, first name is C-O Cole, Cole Anthony. Cole Anthony and RJ Hampton. I think that's RJ Hampton Orlando Magic Edition in this set, right? To the checklist, cardboardconnection.com, cardboardconnection.com, and groupbreakchecklist.com are our two favorite checklist providers. Immaculate basketball. There it is. Click that link. Set checklist tab. I'm almost certain that's Orlando Magic. It's not Denver anymore. Dual autograph checklist, Card 43, Cole Anthony, RJ Hampton, both on the Magic. Confirmed. So that goes to Nolan and the Orlando Magic. There you go. You can never assume, ladies and gentlemen. You always have to double check, because sometimes Panini will do goofy things, put them on different teams. And so Orlando, once again, Nolan, with that dual autograph, congrats to you, Cole Anthony having a pretty nice year. There you go, gang. Nice, quick immaculate break in the books, the last box of the case in the store. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. And I will see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


I don't got a package. But I got this! Hello everybody! E here. Happy Stephen King release day if it bleeds came out today April 21st 2020 and I'm excited for this one. It has a Holly Gibney novella. If you don't know this is a collection of four novellas. Just like four past midnight, different seasons, so on and so forth. I'm excited for this one like I said because it has a Holly Gibney novella. I know absolutely nothing about any of these stories. Several of my friends have been reading it. I muted them. I'm sorry because their updates just keep on filling up my Twitter feed. But yeah, I'm excited to get started. I haven't even opened it yet. Usually I start the e-book at midnight but last night I passed out so woke up this morning. I completely forgot about it. Amazon delayed the shipment until the 23rd I believe. But a friend came by and dropped off this. So what I'm going to do is the one that I have coming from Amazon, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna give it away. So down there in the doobly-doo tell me about the story that you are most excited for in this collection or if you're excited for the entire collection. Whatever you want to tell me just comment down below and you'll be entered to the giveaway. Give me about a week or so. I will announce it in the next King Ranked video. So until next time I have been E, you have been U, and it's a no-stay-win-caring-bought. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye!