Another important concept to take into consideration is that we tend to divide learning into formal and informal constructs. Your brain doesn't do this, your brain just thinks it's learning, but we do have situations in which we go to school, for example, in a formal context, versus when we learn things informally. For example, when we go to a summer camp and we learn some new soccer moves, or when you go into the kitchen and you learn a new recipe with your parents there cooking, or if you visit a museum, those are informal learning contexts, and your brain's treating that all the same as if you were studying within a classroom structure. The difference has to do with the whys of things. In general, you know, why do we learn anything or why do we hope that people learn things in society? It's basically that we hope that they have an acquisition of different knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, beliefs that help people function within society. What's interesting though, in a formal context, we're always thinking about the teacher student relationship, whereas informally it's really what society can help the individual understand about his or her own place within the context of the community. And finally, what we do in formalized settings is that we tend to use a curriculum structure or we divide things by math class and English class and science, for example. And most recently, schools have taken on the role of guiding social-emotional skills as well. But the what that happens in informal context is an individual's personal interests and formation or it's to extend what they might have already learned within the formal context of schools. Within the formal structure of schools, the how also differs. Within schools, we have pedagogy and instruction and formal teaching structures. And within informal structures, it's basically experiential based. How do you learn about the world through the experiences that you might have? When does this occur? We formally decide that learning occurs within schools, pretty much kindergarten until you finish high school or you go to college. So perhaps 3, 4, 5, 6 years of age all the way until you're 18, maybe 24, 25 years old. But within the context of informal structures, it's really for the moment you are conceived until you die, informal learning occurs throughout the lifespan. And where learning occurs now has also become very, very much flexible. Schools used to be in formal school houses, so we had face-to-face instruction and that was it. We now have blended instruction as well as online formats in which people can learn. But in informal settings, this is extended even beyond that and it can include things like virtual writing groups or online museums or book clubs that you might have with your neighbors. So all of this is just to say that your brain isn't making any distinction between informal versus informal learning except perhaps in the motivation it has to do things. As many of you might guess, informal learning contexts tend to be a bit more self-motivated and a little bit more energetic than the things that happen within the formal school structures. And this leads us to the academic competencies that are achieved within school settings. All of this is to say that academic competencies are important, very important for school success, society's success, but it's only one type of learning. And we define academic competencies as being the sum of the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are needed in order to meet with that academic success. And we define knowledge itself as being those dates, facts, formulas, concepts, names, categories. Anything that's basically Google-able is a knowledge-based competency. We also have skills, however, because it's not enough to know that information. You have to be able to use and apply that information. So being able to do something with the knowledge that you've learned is also very important within school contexts. And finally, we have attitudinal information, the values, the personal importance we attribute to the information that's learned. Very key and important ideas, studies coming out now show that there's a big debate now on whether or not it's very important to have this aptitude versus your attitude. There's a couple of very important recent studies that show that your decision, for example, your choice to make the most of things, to buckle down, to self-regulate, to focus yourself. This ability to self-regulate accounts for almost twice as much as innate intelligence in terms of student learning outcomes. So it's very important to take into consideration this attitudinal aspect of academic competencies.


Hello, from the National Archives Public Programs and Education staff. My name is Sarah Lyons Davis and I'm an education specialist at the National Archives. Welcome to the National Archives Comes Alive, Young Learners Program. Today we meet John Jay, portrayed by storyteller Phil Webster. John Jay was one of our nation's founding fathers, a delegate of the First Continental Congress and later a member of the Provincial Congress. He eventually became president of the Continental Congress. Jay was responsible for writing New York's first constitution. He served as a diplomat during the Revolutionary War and then authored five essays in the Federalist Papers in support of the U.S. Constitution. Many of his papers are searchable in the National Archives website Founders Online. Jay was appointed First Chief Justice and served from 1789 to 1795. He negotiated the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the American Revolution and it provided an agreement whereas the British officially recognized U.S. independence and identified the boundaries that would allow for American, Western expansion. The National Archives has many records related to John Jay. They can be found in the National Archives online catalog and in our education specific resource docsteach at docsteach.org. This slide shows the first and last page of the Treaty of Paris, which has 15 pages in total. This treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies in Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators who signed their names in alphabetical order. And in this activity in docsteach, you can see a letter from Chief Justice John Jay to President George Washington. In this letter, John Jay and fellow Justices of the Supreme Court advised the President on the separation of powers of the government and the Justices were responding to questions sent to them from the President. Our programs are brought to you from the National Archives Public Programs and Education Team and the National Archives Foundation. You can find information for teacher and student programs on the National Archives website archives.gov, under Archives News, upcoming events, and if you follow the National Archives on social media. And now, let us give a warm welcome to John Jay. Thank you, Sarah. Pleasure to be here. I'm not your usual founding father. I'm not English. I'm not Irish. I'm not Scottish. I'm French Huguenot. And my family came here to escape religious persecution in France. The my grandfather, Auguste Jay, came on a ship across from Rochelle, France, to eventually wound up in New Rochelle, New York. And my father was Peter and my mother Mary Van Cortland Jay, and they lived in New York and that's where I was born in December 12th, 1745. My parents moved away from there because I had two, I had a brother and a sister that were both blinded by the smallpox. And so my parents didn't want to, they lived on Pearl Street. And with all that traffic with horses and carts and whatnot, people, they moved out of the country to Ryan, New York. At age nine, I was taught by Reverend Peter Stoop. And then at age 11, I was educated back at home with Reverend John Murray. And then age 14, I entered King's College in New York City, and that's age 14. And that was 1760. And I finished there in 1764. I started a law clerk under Benjamin Kissam and 64 to 68. And then 68 to 70 worked in a partnership with Robert Livingston, Jr. And in 1770, I went independent as a lawyer and did that successfully. Met my wife, Sarah, at Francis Tavern on Pearl Street. So you can say I met a pearl on Pearl, the 1772. And during that time courtship, I met my, well, I was going over to the Livingston household and they had a lodger there named Alexander Hamilton, who you might have heard of. So Hamilton and I were friends from very soon in the game. I, Sally and I married the same week as the New York Tea Party in April of 1774. We got married and that September. I was able to go to the First Continental Congress with my new father, the William Livingston, it's quite a providential turn of events there. On the in 1774, I was asked by Congress to write in 1775. Also asked to write on behalf of Congress for to the people of Great Britain to Ireland and to Canada. And also wrote a draft for the olive branch proposal. The final draft was done by John Dickinson. The I was against the first going into war against Great Britain because they had so much strength against us. They had 270 ships and we had none. So you can see the great power that the British Empire had. So I was cautioning against it. But the events of 1775 with Lexington and Concord, they impacted my thoughts as well as what was going on in New York City. 1776, Sally gave birth to our first child, Peter. So we have a son born at the birth of the nation. He was born January 24th, 1776. During that time period, I also as Colonel John Jay of the New York Militia, I recommended Hamilton to a position in the New York Infantry artillery, I'm sorry. During the June of that year, I was. Things were going on in New York with the Royal Governor, William Tryon and the. Mayor of New York, David Matthews were in a plot to kidnap and kill towards Washington. So they made me chairman of a committee to detect conspiracies. And we found out that one of Washington's inner guards, Thomas Hickey was in on that plot and he was hanged June 28th, 1776. The next day, the British fleet arrived off of Brooklyn and Manhattan. So you can see that the the events were starting to really warm up for New York area for the battle. I was. They had the Battle of Brooklyn in August 27th there and the British certainly defeated us. And I must make mention of the Marylanders at that battle. They attacked the British line six times. The rest of the Continental Army could escape. And General Washington gave them a privilege of flying their flag at the same height as the US flag because of that. I took Sally and my parents up to a fish kill to move because of the danger that was in New York at that time. I. Well, we experienced the New Yorkers experience the Battle of Brooklyn and we lost Kipps Bay Harlem Heights. Fort Washington or Fort Lee, and we were on the run down to New Jersey. And the morale was very poor. So I forgot to mention one thing about the evacuation on 27th. The. We were beaten 27th. There was a northeastern storm that came like a hurricane for two days. And the British could have wiped us up during that time period, but they didn't. But on the 29th of that night and the morning of the 30th, Washington evacuated the troops from Brooklyn to go into Manhattan. And John Glover led the marble headers to expertly row. Quietliness of the British didn't hear them, but strong enough to battle the current of the East River there. At least 20 times when the sun came up, a third of the army was still on Brooklyn and the. Oh, there are fog came up and didn't dissipate until Washington left on the last boat. So it was really a providential little victory there. Well, when I mentioned about those different defeats after that, I was asked by Continental, but not Continental, but by the New York Convention to write something to raise the morale of the people of New York. And I wrote the address of the convention of the representatives of the state of New York to their constituents. Feel free to call it the John Jay Address in December 23rd, 1776. And in that address, I mentioned God and having faith in God 33 times. Feel free to read that. I thank God for the victories we got at Trenton on Christmas Day and Princeton. In 1777, I was entrusted with writing the New York Constitution. And well, the convention went from New York to White Plains to Fish Kill and then the Kingston. And I was Supreme Court. Sorry, not Supreme Court, but the New York Chief Justice during that time. 1778, I was asked to. Go back to Continental Congress and three days after doing that, they elected me president of Continental Congress. One of the things I did there was defend. General Washington, there was something called the Conway Cabal when George General Conway, General Gates and General Lee and others went a cabal to try to get rid of General Washington. But I supported General Washington. So not only did I save his life in 1776, but also saved his military career. Then when at the end of my time as president, 1779 and September 28th, I was they saw that if they recognized our independence, they would have to recognize the independence of their own colonies. And they weren't any part of that. We saw and I had a birth of Susan in July of 1780. But we also she also died a month later. So it was it was hard in a lot of ways went on in Spain. We did have another child, Maria. We were there two and a half years. Maria was born in February 20th, 1782. And that was a great joy. But Mr. Franklin, Dr. Franklin, I should say, asked us to come to Paris to help with the general negotiations with with Great Britain. And I said, we'll be glad to come because we were just so unsuccessful in our time in Spain. And when we traveled from Madrid in March, sorry, to May 21st to June 23rd, so it was over a month in traveling the the roads in the wagons, what that carriages. When we got there, we found out that the Europe was in a state of influenza epidemic. The very Prime Minister, Lord North, was removed from office and Rockingham came in his place, but he Rockingham died of the influenza. So you can imagine how all that changes. And not only the Prime Minister, but all his people and all his negotiating people. So we are negotiating change from Granville to Richard Oswald. So it was a lot going on. We were under orders from Continental Congress to be subservient to the French diplomats and everything. And I said, we can't do this because it's it's beneath the dignity of Continental Congress, just to say whatever they said, because the when I was in Spain, I saw what was going on behind my back because the the kings of Spain and France were cousins and they were a lot of times undercutting what we were doing. Matter of fact, they opened up my mail all the time. And I said that if my Spanish is not correct, I'm sure the post office will correct it. The influenza. We had well, we were asking I went over to see Dr. Franklin, he was sick with kidney stones. So the negotiation fell on my shoulders because Mr. Adams was up in Holland trying to negotiate a loan from them.  So it was up to me. And if you look at a map of the Northwest territory, the Mitchell map, you'll see the immense problem that I had to do like this map over here. You see all the different parts like I was staying stating the need to use the Mississippi River as our boundary and France and Spain were not accepting that being there, the cousins and Mr. Franklin asked me says that I told him that the French were just in the war to try to get our support so that they can keep in going to occupy during this time. And Mr. Franklin said, if we can't depend upon France, upon whom can we trust? And I said, we have no rational dependence, except on God and on ourselves. And then he said, would you deliberately break Continental Congress's demands on us? And I said, unless we violate these instructions, the dignity of Congress will be in the dust. And I threw my clay pipe in the fireplace and said, I would break them if it if they come conflicted with the dignity of Continental Congress. And we were able to get that preliminary agreement. Matter of fact, I said that I needed that when they came, they they bought us a they're going to give us a truce with the United Colonies. And I said, you have to take this back and I will not treat with you all until I get something from the King, King George III, or an active parliament saying that they recognize us as an independent nation. And we were able to put in the preamble of the document that they recognized us as the 13 United States of America. So I'm glad that we stood to that. Sally gave birth to Anne on August the 13th, 1783. And September 3rd is when they got the the final draft done. The definitive peace treaty. And after the treaty, Treaty of Paris was agreed on, I went to England and take care of the J family matters. And one something was remarkable is that John Adams, John Quincy Adams and I were able to go to the House of Lords in the gallery and listen to part of that just was amazing that we were able to do that. I got back, we got back in New York in July of 1784. And when I got back, I was notified of my election as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. And I did that from 1784 to 1789. And the previous Secretary of Foreign Affairs was Robert Livingston, Jr. And he and I were best friends. We were law partners. He was a second cousin to Sally, Godfather and my children. But because of my disregard of Continental Congress's rules about being subservient to the French, it cost us our friendship. He was very upset with me. And from that point on, it posed me in many matters. We had to change our Godfather to Egbert Benson. I worked for that Secretary of Foreign Affairs for 1784 to 89. And just imagine the enormity of starting relationship with all the different nations in the world starting from scratch. We had an office for beginning at the upstairs of Francis Tavern. And we had to prepare about 300 different reports on different nations and different issues regarding the new nation.  During that time, 86, 87, Mr. Madison, Mr. Hamilton and I were instrumental in getting Mr. Washington to go to Continental Congress. There was an Atlas Convention in 86, which only had about five states represented. And we wanted to get a national one. And we were able to do that. Continental Congress convened and we're able to pass those that on September 17th, 1787. But we had to go through a ratification process and through the states. And in a lot of states, it went well. But toward the end, especially in New York, the anti-Fedalists were 46 and we were 19. So we had a job to do. Hamilton and I had a strategy of debating every point of the Constitution so that people could see what the whole picture was about. Also had strategy. My wife and I brought people over to dinner and talk to them about the different points. So that was a key point about the being friends and trying to win people over that way. I guess go back to what Sally and Maria did at the Treaty of Paris. I think they really live in the pot. Merritt Maria was the entertainment for both Franklin and Adams and myself, as well as the British delegation. So they helped us to. As Mr. Adams said, we worked together in perfect good humor. That was a very good point. After the I gave the I gave an address to the New York Convention Congress about the modification. And after that, we had a vote and we won 30 to 27. It was a close vote, but we came down from the 49 to 19. We narrowed the gap gap. The we're able to start a new government. And George Washington was president on April 30th, 1789. Put his hand on the Bible to help me, God, and went in federal hall and talked about thanking God three times. Then they went to Saint Paul's Chapel and had a service to dedicate this new government to God. And then William was born June 16th, 1789. So I've got one son for the Declaration of Independence and one son for the new government under the Constitution. I was after Mr. Jefferson got got back to the country in March of 1790. I was Secretary of State. But after that, I was able to do Chief Justice and did the I didn't say we had to go to circuits. And I had to turn down people like Governor Hancock. They offered hospitality. I didn't want to show partiality, so I had to stay at Taverns.  So that's all saying that the things that you had in Taverns as I accepted the as well in that circuit, I accepted New England. Tradition of starting sessions with prayer. And as a matter of fact, with the first Supreme Court session was a four hour communion service. That was we wanted to get things right. We had a heavy responsibility that we will stand before God for the decisions we make. Sarah Louisa was born in March, 1792. And President Washington asked me to. Go to Britain to make a new treaty because the British Seaman were impressing and what I mean by impressing, they were taking our soldiers off ships and making them work with the British Army. So we almost had a war over that. But Mr. Washington sent me over and I was able to get a peace treaty. I didn't get many concessions, but we did get peace because we were $60 million in debt and could not afford another war. I became friends with William Wilberforce, who was a strong person in the abolition movement and came back and I was hung in effigy and just about every state in the in the nation. And they said you could probably travel through the country through the my burning effigies of Mr. Jay. When I returned, I was led to governor of New York and as second governor of New York, I was able to gradually outlaw slavery. Thank you so much, John Jay. That was really interesting. I learned so much from that, as I'm sure did everyone else joining us. I, you know, I have to comment. I'm just left with this idea.  Yeah, witnesses at the creation. Yes. So we have a few questions for you about that. That I hope I hope you'll share with us. So when you were talking about the Continental Congress and the treaty. So why did John Jay disregard the instructions from the Continental Congress to be subservient to the French delegation? And negotiating the peace treaty with Great Brand? Well, I highly regarded Continental Congress. I was president of that body. So I highly regarded them. But if you're in a situation where you see that like I saw what was going on behind my back about the French and Spanish. And I said that they would not regard our independence as a top priority. They would they would matter of fact, they were in a sense we heard about they were making deals behind our back that weren't good for us. And we said, how are they going to treat our independence? Are they just in it for to keep their animosity with England? So I saw that we had our nation at stake. And so I said, I have to to put the dignity of our nation before this this is a hard, hard call to make. Yeah, we've we've caused me my friend. Yeah, complex ideas to consider. It sounds like the your path with this. And speaking of that, what events kept you in New York City when the Declaration of Independence was agreed upon on July 2nd, 1776? Well, I was like I said, I saw the the Royal Governor William Tryon and he was living on a ship, a warship. He wasn't in the governor's in New York City. The people of New York were kind of against him. But he was he was in a plot to kidnap and kill.  What? Yeah, just that's hard to grasp. But as chairman of this committee to detect conspiracies, we found out that someone one of the other people that was in jail with Thomas Hickey spilled the beans about what was going on. He said, I will only talk with John Jay. I only trust him. So he entrusted to me about this information about Thomas Hickey. And so I said, we need to deal with this. So you just imagine if George Washington was wiped off to see where we would be. Yeah.  What were your thoughts about the prospect of starting a new government, though, were you worried if it would work? Well, and when I was at 1777, starting out the new constitution, I used a little bit of John Adams thoughts on government, but I had my own thoughts as well. But it's it's really an awesome thing to be able to give that had that opportunity to make a new government as and we deliberated upon that. That's what we did in the Constitution. We didn't get every point that we wanted. We're toward a more perfect union. We're not perfect, but you know, to keep deliberating, keep fine tuning is it's hard to get this like a machine. You've got to fine tune it to get it to work well. Yeah. And I know you weren't alone in this work. You mentioned some other founding fathers like Hamilton and Livingston and Franklin, your colleagues in this work. But could you tell us, were you friends with any of them as well? Oh, yeah, like I said, with Alexander Hamilton, when I'm courting Sally Livingston of all the places he came from, from St. Croix and Nevis, I came comes up to stay with Elias Boudinot and then William Livingston. So I get to meet him face to face. I recommended him to get into King's College. I recommended him to be the captain of the artillery in the New York Militia as Colonel Jay. So we he was a genius. When you see all the stuff that he did about the government and business, he and Robert Morris were spectacular. Oh, it was certainly a talented group of people creating these documents and debating over these ideals of our country. And I would just say to encourage young people to look at these documents. It's it's electric, as Dr. Franklin would say. It's just they wrote. They didn't have distractions. They wrote. That's what they did. So we have a good record. That's amazing. And, you know, speaking of these documents and of your work, did you ever think about your legacy? Like, what would you want to be best known for? Would it be your work with finalizing the Treaty of Paris or Chief Justice or one of the other incredible roles that you that you took? I'd say the Treaty of Paris was my crowning achievement. Most people don't know it. But in the election of 1789, I came in third. Washington had 69 votes. Adams 34 and I had that nine. I would have had eight more. But the New York delegation didn't turn their votes in in time. But anyway, when I did that, J Treaty, that second treaty, that pretty much killed my political career. Well, thank you. I'm going to ask you our final question for the day. I've so appreciated the time you've given to us. Well, thank you. And what advice do you as John Jay have for young people today? I've got some things here about to have patience and love those who have physical and mental challenges. If you heard, I said that my my brother, Peter and my sister, Anna were blind and had a brother August that had mental challenges and I had two of my two of my siblings died before I was born, but one was died, one died when I was six years old. So I saw the shortness of life with that. So, you know, love those people. And I would also encourage love people of other colors. And that's not totally natural. We all love our own color. But I ask God, that's to love other people and that's our creator. Love the Bible and live by it. Be mindful of your job that the long term welfare of the country comes before your political career. Forgive people that have wronged you and others. Don't be influenced by the promise of utopia. Here's one of the things I had was that all the ultra part of here are the other side. And as a judge, I always always had to do that. And it's one thing to hear the initial claim, but you've got to take you got to sit down, listen to the other claim and weigh the evidence. Another thing is that they do she prefers Perseverandum with God leading we persevere. And when I lost, I didn't mention this, but I lost the governor's race one time. And I actually won it, but it was taken away. Aaron Burr was the person that was leading the argument against me being in present. So I share Mr. Hamilton's a little bit of dislike of Aaron Burr. And how to prepare to meet success without exaltation and defeat without depression. And lastly, how to deal with difficult times. So this relates with my voyage on the ships as they who on the ocean have been unexpectedly involved with tempest or suddenly entangled among rocks and shoals know the value of that serene self-possession and presence of mind to which in such cases they owe their preservation. So people on ships, captains of ships, you've got to keep your cool. You can't be going crazy. And when you're in tough times, you've got to keep a steady head so that all those around you will keep a steady head as well. Well, this is certainly some great advice you shared with us for young people today. And I know some advice I'm going to take from this, too. Your words about our founding documents were inspiring. I've read them before. I'm going to go back and take a closer look and thinking about what you share today. And I hope I hope those who've joined us will do the same. And so now we're just going to take one last look. So thank you so much for your time again. And we'll take one last look at that Docs Teach educational activity related to the Treaty of Paris, 1783. And John Jay helped negotiate as he shared and ended the American Revolution. So again, that's DocsTeach.org. And I hope everyone can join us next month for our next young learners program with Archivist of the United States, Dr. Colleen Shogan, thank you for participating in our program today. Thank you.


They call out the second season and BSU Men's Hockey team is hoping that it's a long one as they begin WCHA postseason play tomorrow night against Lake Superior State. After missing the playoffs last year, the Lakers had a renaissance season as they will be hosting a playoffs series for the first time since joining the WCHA in 2013. The two teams each took a game in their lone matchup back in January and the Beavers are expecting a close hard-fought series this weekend. They've got a lot of firepower and we realize that and you know we're going into their building and again very challenging but again we're just excited to play this time of year and it's one of those I think it's one of those prototypical four or five matchups. It's gonna be it's gonna be a great battle. I mean it's you know what everyone works for all year along so it's obviously exciting and serious at the same time because you know it's life or death now so that may happen. Beavers trying for their first postseason series win in two years. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


This is a slide deck that I used long, long ago. So today what I'm going to say is how to pair typefaces. Remember this? Yeah. So all the first things that we have to do when we start on a new project is to find typefaces. And I know most of us front-end developers we don't really care because we've got designers dealing with typefaces for us. But if we do our own projects, we still have to make sure we get the right typefaces in order for the design to look nice. But that's one of the battles to be fought. So that's what I'm going to talk about. I'm Zell. And this is me. So the overview for today is just we're going to look at typeface classifications. And from the typeface classifications, we'll know how to pick typefaces that will pair well with each other so we can just use them. I'll first go into the major typeface categories. So we have a general rough idea of the different kinds of typefaces out there. Then I'll go into typeface subcategories, which is where it really gets confusing. And then I'll end off with a 3 by 3 grid that you can use to pair typefaces, which is the simplest way of doing things. It's the famous 9 by 9 grid. Yeah, it's the famous 9 by 9 grid that I, wow. So there are six major typeface categories. Sans serif, serif, slap serif, monospace, script, or decanhoi cursive, and display. So these are the major categories that people just somehow group things into. The first three categories is quite easy to look at. It's easy to tell by just looking at the endings of the letters. So if there are no endings over there, it's like there's no serif. So it's a sans serif, sans meaning don't have. You're going to do like a Singaporean version of everything. I'm in Singapore, man. I love to see you in Thai, like everything translated to Singaporean. I need to rehearse for that. I've never attended any of my talks. So you're going to say it's as good? I turned on the American accent. Yeah, she turned on the American accent. It wasn't fun after all. But anyway, if there is blocky endings at the end, it's called slap serif. I just think of slaps as blocks, so slap serif. And then if there are endings at the end but they don't look blocky all day, then it's just called serif. So those are the three of the main categories out there. The next few ones are monospace. Don't tell me you don't know monospace. So I'm going to say script or cursive. It's just cursive writing that looks kind of good. And yeah, display is big tags usually. And decoratives are decorative features that you'll see. Not really important when it comes to picking or pairing typefaces, because we usually don't play around with the rest of the things. What we're really concerned about is the first three. There's first three types. So for the subcategories, I'm just going to dive into that first three. Sensorif, serif, and slap serif. If you start digging into subcategories, you start to see names like humanists, neo-humanists, old-style, grotesque, neo-grotesque, transitional, geometric, modern, and blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. So just by looking at a list of these names, it's hard to identify the typeface. Second, it's hard to know which typeface falls in the which category. And then third, it's hard to know which categories pair well with each other. So what I came up with after digging through a few typefaces and reading a few things here and there is this thing. It's a 3 by 3 grid, which for some reason said is a 9 by 9 grid. So anyway, to fill out this grid, we just have to look at three things. Oh, the number three. The letter forms, the stroke, and the third one is just a layman thing that I came up with. So I probably have to explain a bit more. I call it the tilt. So first of all, let's take a look at the letter forms. So letter forms meaning the only question we're going to ask here is, do the letters look like shapes? Does it look square-ish? Does it look like a circle? For example, Proxima Nova is circle-ish. So we call it a geometric typeface. And geometric typefaces only applies to sense or slap-serif. Sense and slap-serif are actually pretty similar. The only difference is that there are these blocky endings at the end. But the classifications for sense-serif and slap-serif are exactly the same as you can see later. Then after filling in the geometric typefaces, we look at the stroke. The stroke is how much we want to look at the stroke contrast. So from this picture over here, you can see that the thinnest part of the stroke and the thickest part of the stroke are there. There is a difference in stroke width. And when we look at serifs, we can look at the stroke to tell us to tell the difference between old-style typefaces, transitional typefaces, and modern typefaces. So if we go by very low contrast, that's the old-style one. And that is also called humanist typefaces. Then in the middle is transitional, so it's not here, not there. And then all the way to the end is a very high stroke contrast. Those are the modern typefaces. Then we can just fill it in. Old-style, humanist, and modern. Modern being at the bottom and geometric is because if you think about geometric shapes, they are more structured. They are less personal, so more impersonal. They feel more cool and more modern kind of thing, likewise for modern, so they pair well with each other. Now after looking at the stroke and the letter forms, we take a look at the tilt. But the tilt is not really exactly part of the typography wording in the sense. Sorry? No, this is not even. This is the stress, or the axis. The tilt is this one, which I kind of coined. So let me just explain this part first. So the tiniest part of the stroke is called the axis. And from that point, we look at how the letters tilt in a way, because the more tilted, it's kind of like more human writing. The more modern it is, the letter forms are more straight and more structured. And when we write, we don't really hold a pen up straight like that, so when we write, it's kind of like tilted to one side.  So what I did was, I thought that the letter H and N and M were pretty obvious in saying how the stem tilts on this part over here. I expect, especially this part, the angles and compared to that one, the more tilted or the steeper the angle it is, it's more humanist. So the other one is less tilted, so it's a grotesque. And there are some variations in terms. So grotesque is also called grotesque with a K. So there are things like that that, well, we don't really need to worry about. So another example is active grotesque. So basically, if you see the word grotesque in there, it's definitely a grotesque. They label it for you already. And using that same thing, I saw that there's not really a lot of tilt in a way for that typeface. And that's when you finally feel in all the things. Humanist typefaces pair out with humanist typefaces and humanist typefaces. Old style typefaces are basically called humanist typefaces. Transitional grotesque and then for modern geometry. Why we can pair it like this is because, well, if we use the three by three grid, there are some common typeface pairing advice. So the first thing is you say, pair sans serif with slap or serif typefaces. This is when you start using the contrast between typefaces. Because if you have an ending and versus if you don't have the ending, it's quite contrasting. If you pair two slap serifs together, it looks weird. That's when it starts to go haywire. Or if you pair two sans serifs together, it looks too similar also. But the funny thing is, at the same time we need contrast, we also need some sort of similarity between the letter forms or the X height or something. So they still feel that they are together. And one of the things that you, one of the tips by people is that you can pair typefaces from the same designer because designers often have a specific preference for strokes and kind of shapes and things like that. So the letters that they design will somehow have the same thing. So this is one of the tips by most typographers to pair typefaces. And for the last one, we say to pair typefaces from the same year or the same age. And basically, if you take a look at the same year or the same age, it's this grid. For old style, you pair with old style typefaces. For modern ones, you pair with modern ones. And that's the end. Next time, this is an example. Now we want to see.


two months ago when I got the really fun idea to make an outfit for St. Patrick's Day. I had so much fun with my dress for Valentine's Day, I figured this would be another interesting challenge for me. And then the whole world changed. But that didn't stop me from throwing on my new green jumpsuit and giving her a spin before heading right back inside to continue my civic duty to isolate. But enough of that heavy depressing talk, let me tell you about this newest make that I truly, truly love, whether it's for a holiday that never happened or not. First of all, can we please address that I made pants? Sort of. Granted, these are loose fitting and the fit is incredibly forgiving in the waist, which is where most of my problems occur. But I did do a lot of work to ensure these fit properly through the crotch and hips. And I'm really thrilled with how they turned out. I'm going to think about a tutorial on how I'm learning how to fit pants. But I want to test it out on my own a few more times before I start trying to tell anyone else how to do it. This adorable pattern is the Burnside Bibs from Sewhouse 7. There are so many great versions of this online, but I was ultimately inspired by Karen of Into Stitches on Instagram. She wore hers to Sew Expo last year and I remember them fondly, but I just didn't feel confident I could get a good fit. When I saw her in them again this year, I knew I had to have them. I was armed with a lot more information about pants fitting thanks to Lorraine Henry's class at Expo and when Michelle's stories on Instagram, both of these ladies have great information on taking measurements that are critical to well-fitting pants, so I decided I could give it a go again. And as you can see, the fit is pretty spot-on. I'm wearing the waistband at the highest point of my waist, so there's still some work to be done there, but overall, no pun intended, I'm very happy with them. The beauty of this pattern is that the straps also act as the waist ties, so you can adjust both the rise and the waist circumference. For those of you like me whose weight fluctuates a lot, these are perfect because you can just let them out or pull them in as you need. There are also two versions of this pattern, one with back darts and one without. I chose to make the one with the darts to give myself a little more shaping through the hip and a little less volume through the waist, but as you can see, I still have to pull them in pretty tight to get a close fit in my waist. I should also point out that in order for them to stay up in the back, you must pull them tight across your waist. There's nothing to hold up the center back of the pants other than the tension on the straps. Also, working on a tip from Karen, I ended up stitching through the centers of each of the belt loops to give myself two channels to feed the straps through. This keeps everything looking nice and tidy in the back, assuming your straps aren't twisted of course, but we aren't going to talk about that, okay? The only other fit issue I can point out is the inseam length. They are long on me, even though I altered the length to shorten them by one inch already. I think I need to take up the hem another half to three quarters of an inch and they'd be good, but as they are, I keep stepping on them with the back of my shoe, which is so annoying. Okay, so now let's talk about this amazing fabric. It's a slub texture linen and rayon blend from Stylemaker fabrics. And you guys, they have this fabric in 22 colors. It's incredible that we have that much to choose from as home sewists. There is a color for every skin tone, every season, every style and every occasion, which is good because you're going to want to wear this fabric everywhere. For my St. Patrick's Day dream outfit, I chose the color called Emerald. And when picking thread to match it, I found myself more in the teal green section than the true, true green. There is a contrast thread warp or weft. I can never remember the difference. That is a teal color. So even though it's definitely a green fabric, it leans a little bit towards blue, which makes it more wearable in my opinion. And if it weren't for this holiday challenge that I gave myself, I would never have picked this color, but I am so glad I did. I'm wearing it here with a simple gray t-shirt, but you can also pair it with solid navy, white, black and burgundy.  The right shade of pink would also be super cute with this color. I would personally stick with knit tees though, since the linen fabric is so casual and the style of the bibs is so relaxed. You really want something equally as casual and fitted to your body so that it's not too voluminous on top and on bottom. It's really hard to explain how this fabric feels when you're wearing it. It's drapey, but also has some weight to it. It's soft, but also has some texture. It's sort of like tensile twill.  And can we please talk about this adorable clutch that just so happens to match perfectly? Do any of you recognize it? If you were at So Expo last year, you should. It's the Anjuri Designs statement clutch that I made to go on display at Stylemaker Fabric's So Expo booth last year. This exact print is no longer available, but they have a bunch of other options that I've linked in the description box. If you want a perfect match, reach out to Stylemaker Fabrics and tell them what color, slob, linen rayon you want, and they can help you find a matching bag fabric. So although my dreams of having a cute outfit to wear for St. Patrick's Day were squashed by a worldwide pandemic, I still have a new garment that I truly love to wear. I guess I can always pull it out for Earth Day, also known as Go Green Day, which is on April 22nd. Or if all of this is still going on by then, I can wear it to a New York Jets football game, or to see the Boston Celtics play. I'm not a huge fan of either of those teams, but maybe I should be now that I have the perfect outfit to wear to support them. But that's going to do it for me today. Thank you so much for watching.  I will see you all very soon. Bye!


Saturday, Wednesday, starting Wednesday I should say Minnesota residents who get a DWI while driving a car won't be able to drive an ATV or snowmobile with impunity anymore. That's legal changes among several new laws that do to take effect tomorrow. The revised DWI law closes what lawmakers say was a loophole that let people keep their off-road privileges even if they got a DWI in a motor vehicle. It also bars a person who gets a DWI in any vehicle from driving a motorboat for a 90-day period between May 1st and October 31st. We have a zero tolerance for people who endanger their own lives and especially the lives of other who are operating a motor vehicle, a recreational vehicle, or a motorboat while they're under the influence. This legislation makes our roadways, trail systems, and waterways much safer here in the state of Minnesota. The law is dubbed Little Allen's Law for eight-year-old Allen Geisenkoeder Jr. Allen was killed in January when he was hit by a snowmobile driven by a man whose driver's license had been revoked for previous DWI offenses. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.