We invite you to enjoy life, life with Luigi, a new comedy show created by Cy Howard and starring that celebrated actor, Mr. J. Carol Nash with Alan Reed. A year ago when Luigi Vasco left Italy to start his new life in America, he promised his mother that he would write and tell her about his adventures. So now let's read Luigi's letter as he writes to Mama Vasco in Italy. Dear Mamma Mia, America is a land of many wonderful things, and the most wonderful thing is the radio. This intervention must be to keep people in the streets, because all the time I hear a man say, run out to your nearest grocer. Yesterday I listened to my favorite story, Mamma Mia Perkins. And the three times that the man has chased me out to my grocery. So I'm a make up of my mind the next week I'm going to hear a whole story. I'm bringing a grocer to my house. Anyway, Mamma Mia, I'm a try to be real American. Man on a radio says a run to grocery and a buy coffee. I buy coffee. He says a run to a drugstore or buy razor blades. I buy razor blades. Or tonight there's a come on a program at Grand Central station. I'm going to turn it the right off. Mamma Mia, I'm not going to buy the super chief. But the Mamma Mia, I'm going to learn a lot from a radio. But I'm going to learn even more from my night to school class.  And when she's a hold of my hand in hers to teach him a penmanship, I feel like my fountain of pen is going to faint. Well, it's a time for my class, so I'm going to go for more education. And maybe more penmanship. All right, class. All right, quiet. I'll call the roll. Mr. Basco. President. Mr. Horowitz. President. Mr. Olson. President. Mr. Schultz. I know you're here, but I didn't bring a present. Mr. Schultz, please. Now, class, I have an important announcement to make. In as much as our little class is six months old, I've decided to hold an essay contest. The essay will be on what is America. Now, you all know what an essay is, of course. Oh, but certainly, of course. Yes, Mr. Schultz. An essay is abbreviation for South America. No, no. What then is abbreviation for South America? S-B? No, it's essay. You see, I was right. I was right. I'm Horowitz right. Please, Mr. Schultz, please. To tell you the truth, it was a lucky guess. Mrs. Spaulding, I think I know what is an essay. Essay is something you write. That's right, Mr. Baskow. And I want everyone in the class to prepare an essay. I've invited a few of our local dignitaries to judge this contest. And this coming Tuesday night in our auditorium will have refreshments. You can bring your friends, and each of you will address the group. Address the group? My goodness, isn't there going to be very no clothes? That is not what I mean. What do you mean? Speech, Mr. Schultz. Speech. Misch-Baulding and fellow Horowitz. I love them, because I am the one. All right, all right, Mr. Schultz. That's fine. But save it for the contest. Now, one of our local merchants is going to donate a prize, and we expect to have a good crowd. Probably two or three hundred people. Mr. Baskow, what are you writing?  You don't have to be jittery, Mr. Baskow. Everyone there will be your friends. Oh, and here's a bit of advice. When you get up on that stage, just keep saying, I'm not nervous, I'm not nervous, I'm not nervous. All right, but while I'm selling that, who's going to make a speech for me? Luigi, wait, wait, wait for me. Luigi, you walk so fast. I'm so poofed I'm going to pop. You know, Schultz, I like more than anything to win this contest. But I'm here only one a year, and I know so little about America.  Look, Luigi, if you think you don't know enough about America, why don't you go speak to people who do know? Like your postman, Frank. Schultz, I'm learning nothing from my postman. I talk to him every morning since I've been here, and all the way they say the same thing. What's that? My feet is a killin' me. And talk to your banker. Say, Luigi, why don't you go to your friend Alderman Johnson? That's right. Alderman Johnson. He doesn't know everything about America. I go right or not to say, but thank you, Schultz. Schultz, and do you never nervous when you got America's speech? Well, I never was before, Luigi, but now maybe I will be. You see, I got a trick. When I make a speech, I never think there's people out in front of me. I'm always imagining they're sitting there, Betty Grable, Lana Turner, Hedy Lamar, and Rita Haver. Why you say you're nervous now? Because lately there's a new face in the audience. Ali Carr. Hello, Mr. Alderman Johnson. You remember me? I was here last week. Well, certainly. I know every voter in my district. Never forget a face. Here, what's your name? Luigi Bosco. You see, I guessed it. Well, what can I do for you, Bosco? Mr. Alderman Johnson, if you wasn't going to make a speech about America, what would you say? Well, that's simple. America, land of the free, home of the brave, country of unequaled opportunity where every man can vote as he pleases. And I promise you've elected to guarantee... Police! ...a chicken in every pot, two cars in every garage. Mr. Johnson. All right, three cars. Mr. Johnson. You don't get another car if you drop dead. Mr. Alderman, I was asking you about America. Oh, yes. America, my favorite country. America, the broad, wide land where 140 million Americans are joined together into one great union. I always thought there was a two unions, AFL and a CIO. The USA, land of the free, home of the brave. And I promise if I'm elected... Alderman Johnson, Alderman Johnson, please. I'm appreciate the very much what you're telling me. But where can I get to the facts about America and the history? Well, you can go to the public library, but you won't find out more than I know why my head's filled with facts. Let me tell you about the pilgrims landing at Plymouth Rock in 1776. Excuse it, there was a 16 at 20. Let me quote you, Lincoln's Gettysburg's address. I have but one life to give to my country. Wasn't it for a score and a 70 years ago? Oh, the unforgettable words of Paul Revere on his famous horse ride at midnight. I do not choose to run. Wasn't it one if by land and a two if by sea? Basko, you'd better go to the library. How do you expect to learn anything if you keep interrupting me? She's my friend. Hello, Luigi. Hello, hello. Hello, Pascuali. That's the matter with you, Luigi.  It's the best of friends. Well, Pascuali, it's a long story. I got to make a speech about America and I'm trying to get to some facts. Schultz could not help me. So I went to my alderman and then I go to the library. Sure, sure. Go to everybody except the fellow that's bringing you from the older country, Pascuali. What's happened and that thing? Why are you running like a crazy caterpillar around the tree when all the time you could have come straight to the sap? You're so right, Pascuali.  That's a funny thing. When I say it, it's the sound of death for it. Well, Pascuali, I'm now coming to you for a help. A lady in the library said, before I can get a card, I must get a two character reference who signed a paper for me. Well, a library. I've come with the educated demand. Give me the paper, I read. Oh, duee persone filmare che tattu più protezione. Pascuali, where do you see Italian words? I'm a just a translator so I can understand what I'm going to read. Luigi, I'm glad that the sign is the paper for you and I'm going to get another signature for you too. Thank you, Pascuali. My country, my friend. Sure, a countryman should have helped each other out. Luigi, I do you a favor. Maybe you do me a little favor. Sure, Pascuali. One-handed should always a wash up of the other. Good. I'm the sign of paper for you. You sign of paper for me. All right, Pascuali.  A marriage license to my daughter Rose. It's nothing to do, Pascuali, nothing to do. Your daughter Rose is a two-fatter for me. You call it 250 pounds of fat? That's a skinny. Too much of skin. Luigi, you bad a businessman. How much is the way normal a girl? What, 125 pounds? So my Rose is the way 250.  Luigi, be sensible. You marry my daughter and I'm going to pay for a free honeymoon to Niagara Falls for you and your Rose. It's a no deal, Pascuali. I'm going to Niagara Falls with a barrel. Luigi, you're making me so mad I would have thrown you out of the store in a second if I could have found another boo but to get stuck with a Rose. Pascuali, you mean are you not going to sign the celebrity paper? I'm answering you in two words. End all. Now, Mr. Speechmaker, what are you going to have to say to his tonight there? I'm going to be there with a Rose and the rest of the crowd. Who could we all laugh at you like a bigger boo? Not yet, Pascuali. I'm going to get it to other people to sign. Oh, sure.  What two people are you going to get? See, is it a Roebuck? Flotsam and a Jetsam? I.J. and a Fox? All right. Go ahead, the microphone, Pascuali. But I find the two people. They sign up for me, then I go to the library and I go to the library. Cyclopedia? Luigi, my son, a merry Rosa, I'll buy you a bicycle. Pascuali, Cyclopedia is a mean of book. What?   What?  And now, for the second act of Luigi Vasco's Adventures in Chicago, we turn to page two of his letter to his mother in Italy. And so Mamma Mia looks like I'm not going to win a speech kind of test on what is America. Because I'm not going to get two character references for library. Pascuali, he's turning me down. And he's going to make everybody else turn me down. Only two people who'd be willing to sign up for my character that are now in Italy. Uncle Pietro and his a goat. And Uncle Pietro, he can't assign his a name. So I go back to library and I tell a lady, I'm going to make a bargain with her. Instead of taking a big Cyclopedia and giving her two reference, I'm going to take a smaller book and give her one of reference. She's going to say no. So I say, how about I take a pamphlet and I leave her my hat for deposit. She's going to say no. I guess maybe my hat doesn't fit her. Anyway, I'm sitting in my antique store wondering what I should do next. One of the door is a suddenly open up. Well, Luigi, my fellow boob. Are you all ready to win the contest on what is America tomorrow night? Sure, she's a worse than that. I'm going to think I'm going to have a nothing to say. But that's too bad, Luigi, but that's good for me. Without you, I think maybe tomorrow night it's America. Well, smile, Luigi, smile. Remember that behind every dark cloud is peeping a little tarp. Hey, Schultz. Schultz. You know something? I'm just to get an idea. You're a business man. Maybe you sign a character reference for me in library so I can take out the books. Books, my Luigi, without books. You know, I got one book in my delicatessen for the last two years. It takes so long to read. Who reads? I tear out the pages and wrap up herrings in it. Schultz. Please sign it as a paper for me so I can get a book from a library. But I love to, Luigi, but I can't sign. You see, this book I'm talking about belongs to the library and it's overdue. You see, I got it since January the 2nd. Well, Schultz, it's only since January the 2nd. 1911? No, no, no. Mr. Schultz, if nobody is going to sign for me, I think I'm going to write it out to miss Spalding and tell her I'm out of the country. No, no, Luigi, wait a minute. If you only want to study in the book, just go to the library in the research room. You mean it's not necessary to have a kind of... Of course not. Schultz, thank you for this information. Listen up to the library. Goodbye. Goodbye, Luigi. Wait a minute. When you walk out of the library, you should see a nice fat book with a lot of pages. You see, I'm running short for my hairings. Oh, no, no, no. Goodbye, Schultz. Rika, I love you. You like a papa to me. Excuse me, Miss Library Lady. My friend, he's telling me something about the research. Yeah? So, for your no mind, I'm a like to search this place. If you tell me what you're looking for, sir, perhaps I can help you. Well, I'm a like to study a book on what is America. And if you give me advice, I'll be happy to listen. What era? What era? Lady, you can talk in either one. I'm a hear good and a boat. Any particular date? Well, I'm interested in a finding out... Great, please. I'm sorry. There are people reading. You'll have to lower your voice. All right, then. Too low. I'm interested in a finding out... Too low. I'm interested. How's that? Good. I'm interested in a finding out... Right, please. Just go over to that filing cabinet. Look under the A's and you'll find hundreds of books listed under America. Thank you so much. Hmm, so quiet to hear. Everybody's a rift for themselves. Guess if they don't want nobody else to enjoy. Ah, here's the cabinet.  Let me see what this first card is to say. A to bug. That's so funny. Libraries have got a bug. Well, I'm a looker for book. I'll pull out this to draw. Oh, I guess I pulled out the too far. I'm sorry, people. Quiet, please. Ah, there. Drawers are back and now I'm looking at two cards. A lot of cards under America. Hey, what's this? America C... Excuse me, Miss Library Lady. This is a card to say I should see you. What? Sure, and this is a card to say America C... That's U.S. Well, that's us. It means United States. Look under you. Huh? What am I going to find under me? In the card cabinet, United States. Oh, all right. Thank you.  Now, mommy, a shorter draw. I wonder what's happened to that other fella. Maybe he's to go home. Well, I looker for book. United States, also see under. He's back. I'm sorry. United States, see Columbia. Columbia, Columbia. Columbia, gem of the ocean. See, God bless America. God bless America. See, Irving of Berlin.  I try under A again. In America, America. Rise of America. Hey, that's a good. Rise of America and a civilization by Charles and the Mary beard. I miss the library, lady. Please, I'd like to see this book on America by Charles and the Mary. What's the last thing? I don't know, but they both got a beard. No, that's not the right. The Mary can't have a beard. Well, you must mean the rise of American civilization by Charles and Mary beard. The book is right here on the shelf. Here, take it. Please try to be quiet and sit down. Excuse me, please. What time I go through for that a speech? Hey, wait a minute. This is a book. Look good. I read. The first man to reach America was a Norseman named Lief Erickson. That's a big lie. Hey, library lady. What about the Christopher Columbus? Why? You must leave country. I don't have to ask you to leave. I don't have to. I'll have to ask you to leave. Please, I'd be quiet. It's too late. You'll have to go now. But I know got a speech. You've made too much noise. Please leave now. This way out. Mamma mia. For a lot of time I'm learning a library. I can adjust to see myself standing up in auditorium in front of a squally and arrested of people tomorrow night, and all I'm going to be able to say is quiet, please. In conclusion, fellow poofers and classmates, let me say America is just like a big delicatessen. In the north is Alami. In the south is Bologna. In the east is our crowd. And in the west is California. I'll thank you. Thank you, Mr. Schultz. Well, we've heard from almost everyone in the class, and now we'll hear from our last speaker, Mr. Luigi Vasco. Mrs. Spaulding, I've got only one thing to say. What's that? I'm not to hear. Come now, Mr. Vasco. Everybody was just as nervous as you. Now come on up here on the stage. Come on. That's it. Fine. Ladies and gentlemen, business of people and a guest of honor. I'm going to have lots of trouble of finding out information and stuff about America. So I'm not to have a regular speech. I'm going to not have anything from a book. All I can tell you about what is America. America is now a little more than a year since I'm arrived in America. How I'm going to remember exciting a speech, Captain, he makes on a boat. He tells how America is a big melting pot. He says, if you want to enjoy the pot, you got to melt it. Captain is a talker so much about the melting pot that by the time I step off of the boat, I'm a feel like a beef stew. But now, now I know what do the Captain mean. America is a place where everybody is alive and nice together. Only I think Captain America won a mistake. Here is a fast. Everything is a speed, a quick. People is a hustle and a bustle and a rush. Fast, always in a hurry. America is not the melting pot. It's a pressure cooker. What is a pressure cooker what I like? Because, well, take our own class. We got the Miss Spaulding, Schultz, Orlison, Horowitz, and the Maybaskar, and the we all best of a friend. I'm a proud of America. Someday I become a citizen. I hope America is a bit proud of me. Well, I think I'm a finish. Well, now that the speeches are over, the judges will select the winners. In the meantime, there are refreshments in the back. Thank you.  Just like I must say, your speeches are so bad that nobody's even a clap of hands for you. I'm a feel of bad enough. All right, Luigi, maybe this is going to teach you a lesson. Forget about a foolish night of school and education. That's enough for you. You should get married like every normal man. Maybe you're right, Pasquale, but who's going to marry a doper like me? I got a just to the right to match you. Rosa! Rosa! Rosa! Rosa, say hello to Luigi. Rosa! Rosa, even though this is Luigi, he's the dumbest, the most stupid, the biggest, the green horn of boob. I think he was still willing to marry him. We are now ready to announce the winner of our contest. In the unanimous opinion of the judges, who, like you, were so touched, they were unable to applaud, I am happy to say it is Mr. Luigi Vasco. Mama, mama mia. Mr. Fisher, one of our judges, would like to make a special award. Thank you, Ms. Baldwin. Mr. Vasco, I understand you had quite a bit of trouble trying to get a library card. I happen to be the head librarian for this district, and it gives me great pleasure to present you with a library card of your own. But I have to have a two-character reference. Mr. Vasco, a man of your character doesn't need reference. Mama mia, he's a wonderful.  But then no more. From now on, I'm never coming to your store again, never. And now for the award, which was so generously donated by one of our local businessmen, Mr. Pasquale. What? Mr. Vasco, you have just won two weeks' free meals at Pasquale Spaghetti Palace. Mama mia, I love my son. We're by pasta. Life with Luigi is a Psy Howard production, and is written by Mack Benhoff, Lou Derman and Psy Howard, and stars J. Carol Nash as Luigi Vasco with Alan Reed as Pasquale. Music is under the direction of Lynn Murray, Bob Stephenson speaking. This is CBS for Columbia Broadcasting System.


time in 2021 we're going to discuss rallying on Highlands Sports and I'm delighted to say Gary Jennings has joined us to look ahead to the return to action. Gary, a very good afternoon, it's good to see you Gary. Yeah, it's good to talk to you again, it's been a long break now. It's been a long break Shirley and I'm sure you're itching to get back at it and you're looking forward to next Monday. Hi, looking forward to getting away I think. It's not as much as rallying, we're going to wait for a bit of a holiday as well. I think if you get away somewhere out of the county for a change it's been good and it's great to get the go-ahead to go across. How much of you must rallying Gary? I think I bring, I think it's like I think I can ask an alcoholic how much does this drink you know it's one of them things, it's always there, it's always niggling at you and it's yeah I think it's a chance now to go and get do something a bit different and hopefully not as much pressure as usual. Yeah, why the BRC then Gary? Oh no, I've seen it go back a long time, I've done it before and now we want to go back and I think we don't go back now I think we'll be we'll be beaten the age a wee bit so also you know my thoughts on right hand drive cars and right hand drive cars are eligible to do the BRC so that's really what the final swing to make make us go and I say we phoned the BRC and I think within 15 minutes they would have made it come so yeah look we're looking forward to going over now and they're welcoming us with open arms and I think there's been a great influx of Irish drivers going now since we announced we were going. Yeah I see the likes of Sam and Josh Moffat on the entry list, Donegalma and Joseph McGonagall's on it as well. This is our five car, tell us a wee bit more about it because normally we're used to seeing you in the S12B Gary that's not going to happen now when you go to the BRC so how did the whole Fiesta right hand drive or five car come about? It came back, it went back to November time it was a simple business conversation between ourselves and Don Buckley about something completely irrelevant or alien and it happened to come up at the end of the end of a business venture so yeah we put the car back in November we had it we'll have it now obviously from then but didn't use it much obviously lockdown there wasn't much testing or nothing to get but I've been to Mandela there a couple of weeks ago when it opened up and we were in Ahadouay there on duty hey I can't I can't fault the car I think it's real drivers car you have to drive it they come back to the old Super 1600 cars and I can't look forward to getting it I don't expect to be that quick again all these regulars but hey I really enjoyed it and it put a smile back on my face. How's the car set up for the Irish Tarmac Championship? It's not homologated is it for the Irish Tarmac Championship Gary? Yeah that's right that's the problem they're not homologating right hand drive but look we've been asking a lot of questions with it we've been speaking to a couple of people since our last podcast and hopefully we can get in the right direction. The simple thing I put about it is when Austin McKeil and the Great Barrier Fisher were rallying they always had right hand drive cars that weren't homologated on the world championship or European but they're homologated for Irish championships so hopefully if we could convince or get whatever authorities over the board now and let us go right hand drive in Ireland I think the problem I have is that everybody here drives right hand drive cars and I can't see why we're forced to drive less hand drive cars when we don't feel that comfortable so look if we can get this over the line maybe once and for all hopefully you'll see us all back in the Irish Tarmac Championship as well. Yeah I said it wasn't too hard to convince Rory Kennedy to take on the British Rally Championship again, was it Gary? I think the British Rally Championship was the simplest decision I had to make because Rory was for going to Barbados, he was for going to Portugal and France and I think I got the best option was just to go across the Irish Sea and do the British Rally Championship. Yeah Rory would like to go traveling that's for sure and get a bit of the sun so we would. Alton Park is the venue for this so it's taken on parts of the Circa tell us about the Neil Hart Memorial Stages Gary. Completely new to me, I'm not a circuit racer, I haven't done much of these ah-ha-do-ies or anything I guess are shackling these edges, I haven't done them and I've done them not really but to start the championship you must do the first round so it'll be a good shake down for the car as well in myself obviously around a track there's no big stone ditches or big trees so we can hopefully slide it about a bit but look we're not sure we're not going there to be the competitive, we hope to be there there about but it's probably a good way to start the championship as well but I know a lot of them top six or seven drivers from the BRC have all been there before and won there before so it's going to be hard to compete again but yeah we're looking forward to it. You have of course competed in the BRC before and we have to go back maybe 18 years nearly 20 years Gary to when you were a young club sitting in the Pugel. What rounds are you looking forward to this year and what rounds actually do you know of that you've tackled before? I think I'm looking forward to getting the forester over there I really like the forester in England big wide roads and you can chuck the car about I'm looking forward to them but then obviously if you can get the get our foot on the board and get some scores obviously we'll come back to Australia then towards the end of the championship and that could leave it very exciting if we were up there or thereabouts. Is it a case we're going to see a lot more of the Irish guys cross the water now for various other rounds of rallying given that there's nothing here at the moment? I think we have the doubt actually now it's been the topic a lot of conversation we've had over the last few weeks I think just the influx of drivers that's gone over there I think we'll have to also mention that the two young Kelly's they're one from Mount Charles and one from Dunagold Hound going as well and the Fiesta so like all these younger guys too is making the switch across to the BRC and I think that's the time to do it when they're young now and I always said it and I always believe that all the young people should go out there and stop their stuff and then come back and enjoy themselves in the Irish Tournament Championship and I think they're doing the opposite way about there for a couple of years they're all battling at home and then and not making the switch across the Irish scene I think we need to get noticed to get the drivers you have to be over there in the British Championship and yeah I think there'll be a lot more younger drivers heading over there and it's great to see it as well. Is the British Rally Championship still seen as one of the prestige championships in Europe like what I did Gary almost 20 years ago because it was huge and you see in the likes of Colin McRae and Richard Burns and different drivers they got all coming through the British Rally Championship and it was held so highly back then is it still the case with it? Yes without a doubt I think that Chris Meek was the one of my generation we were over there to make it out of the British Championship you've out of an avalanche you made it the word championship you were Craig Braindor in the British Championship I think that's the staff and stone that they have British Championship European and then World so yeah I think that's one of the first steps in the ladder and I think these boys are definitely making the right decision to start over there now this year. Just a note on Irish Rally and just before we finish up Gary I know amongst club men and I've been talking to them this over the last number of weeks that looks like it's going to cost somewhere in the region of possibly a thousand euro to do a one day rally for a club man here in Ireland later in the year come September, October, November time and we may get a one day event here in Donegal. A lot of them are very very unhappy with motorsport Ireland as to how much it's going to cost them to do an event and then their home event actually. What's your feelings on it Gary are you very much of the same sort of thinking as these club men? Yes I should know that you know for two years I'm really a club man as well I know like I pay for all my own motorsport all around Rally and it's funded by ourselves you know surely we get some sponsorship in there but all that core expense is all absorbed by ourselves and I think because I know you wouldn't you wouldn't mind a ten or fifteen percent hike in fees but like this 100% hike is on rail and I mean we've just priced an even to go and do some pretty challenging events we have a boat to pay for but the entry fee is a quarter what is here in Ireland and we take it into consideration we'll probably jump on the boat and do the rally for the same as entry fee in Ireland. I know it's hard for the clubs and I know but I don't think it's very hard to make the the competitors pay for it I think that's the killer you know obviously you can't get any money at gates or any charges for people to come and watch and that's the killer in Irish motorsport we're obviously this rally in England next week again there'll be closed gates so anybody has to come and watch it they'll be paying where it'd be five or ten pound a head still that brings revenue to motorsport we just haven't got that in Ireland and they're truly dependent on the entry fees and that's what's killing us definitely a club man. Yeah it's something we're going to have to look at then in the common years Gary because the club men are not able to sustain a thousand euro every 10 there's a day rally. Yeah and actually that's one of the entry fee you know people don't realise the expense to go and do their rallies and like for the general public when you tell somebody for winning a rally for instance even in an Irish rally there's no prize money you know and people don't realise that people are thinking you win the rally when you're last you get thousands and there's no there's no prize money in Irish rallying so yeah it's very very hard it's very hard for everybody to sustain and it's just we want to do it because it's something we love. Yeah just back to Monday you're looking forward to it what would be a good result then for you and Rory where would you like to be come Monday evening? Oh yeah but the 20th person has asked me this week I have no expectations I'm going to enjoy myself if I can go home on the boat on Monday and have a couple of beers and have a good weekend it's fun I think that's what it's all about definitely we'll get in the top ten yeah I forget on the edge of top five would be a fantastic result we went to the British Championship before with with the outside of hope and we've come away very well on the first couple of rounds I think we'll have to finish we know mistakes around the Salton Park to get a score on the board and hopefully stay on there towards the end of the championship. Okay listen Gareth good to talk to you good to see you and the best of luck to you and Rory and the rest of the guys that are making the trip over for the BRC event Monday. Thanks Arshen thanks very much.


Ancient building techniques are an excellent subject to explore if one wishes to understand just how advanced our hidden ancestors were. Additionally, it allows one to get a true insight into the contradictions currently upheld by academic institutes the world over. There still exists an extraordinarily diverse array of building techniques. Some, interestingly, appear to overlap even older advanced methods. For example, a stone-boring technology, seemingly used upon many ancient monuments, in many cases it appears to have been deliberately used to slightly damage these ancient stones, leaving them etched with uncanny marks, possibly in an attempt to also leave their mark to prove their past existence, later to be realized by us, now laying within their very distant future. We feel that these marks, along with many other aspects of these ancient sites, indicates that many ancient civilizations have been and gone here upon our Earth. Ancient metal clamps used to seat enormous stones, precision machine-cut blocks, some left within quarries, clearly indicating machine manipulation, impossible block building, effortlessly fitting random-sized blocks perfectly together. Yet the most enigmatic of these ancient building features, which many suspect was indeed somehow connected to the construction of said sites, has to be the protuberances. Rarely mentioned within history books, yet these protuberances are present on many of the most ancient of block structures, which can be found all over the world. No one seems to know what these protuberance were placed upon these structures for. The biggest of these, undoubtedly carved into the still-in-situ regoliths at Yangshan Quarry, a feature we have previously noted and pondered over. Not only do these enigmatic notches suggest a past, world-going, highly advanced civilization having once prospered here upon our planet, but a feature known as the Boss Mark, found deep within the Great Pyramid of Khufu, may link, for the first time, the builders of the Great Pyramids to ancient structures found elsewhere on Earth. Furthermore, the methods used by the pyramid builders are, interestingly, the same methods used by builders of the other sites containing protuberances. This strategic building method meaning that their ruins have outlived, we feel, many other ancient civilizations now lost to history. Their capability to move such mind-bogglingly huge stone blocks and their ability to create such erosion-resistant structures indicate to us that the builders of these sites may have lived an unimaginably long time ago, and probably chose to create such Earth-shifting structures, in a bid to indeed survive the eons. Were they doing so, in an attempt to leave their legacy on our planet? Or maybe they were, and are, still trying to tell us something? Only time will tell. Inside a tunnel system carved from the solid limestone bedrock, in the desert of Egypt, lay 24 black granite boxes cut with the precision our modern technologies do not possess. These massive boxes remain a profound mystery for scholars who are unsure as to what their true purpose was, or indeed how old they are. Numerous well-known figures have concluded the hieroglyphics written upon them is of such poor quality it is regarded as graffiti, many people believe Egyptian kings claim precision made ruins as their own. This is one of the main hypotheses put forward for the Egyptians lack of any records of the pyramid's construction. Even decorating them in a more primitive form of writing style. The suspected sarcophagi range in weight between 50 and 100 tons. Their real purpose or maybe indeed their function, remains unclear, although there were clearly of importance, they were cut with such precision in fact they would have remained airtight for eons. Researchers like Brian Foester theorized they are clear examples of lost ancient high technology, created before the time of the dynastic Egyptians. However their true purpose was, the truth is that they are beyond magnificent. Well-regarded studies for example, into the erosion evident on the sphinxes of Giza, have proven to indicate they may be far older than the Egyptian civilizations. By several hundred thousand years, some even claiming they show evidences of past submersions. The Serapim of Sakkara is located to the northwest of the famous pyramid of Josa. This necropolis found near Memphis, Egypt, is believed in modern academia, to have been built sometime around 1300 BC, by Ramaziz II. Just what kind of technology, or indeed what kind of man, could have cut, transported, stacked and placed blocks of stones weighing up to 100 tons on top of each other with such accuracy? In 1879, British archaeologist Weynman Dixon successfully retrieved a number of mysterious artefacts from within the infamous lower northern shaft of the great pyramid of Khufu. One of these artefacts was a small piece of a square wooden rod, which has since disappeared. The only artefact to conveniently go missing, and the only artefact which could have produced an accurate dating for what seems was a rather elaborate prior attempt to overcome a sophisticated array of blocking stones and vertical passageways, which confront all who try to breach the innermost sanctums of this mysterious pyramid. The reason for this past mission, or indeed who undertook such an attempt, remain a mystery, but their motive will soon become clear. One of Weynman's other finds, resembling a small grappling hook with two rivets, matches two holes in a square rod still lodged up in the vertical northern shaft, clearly left by these wannabe tomb raiders. It seems that these highly talented acrobatic grave robbers couldn't make it any further, and once one becomes aware of the existence of a large hidden chamber built into the pyramid's design, placed just above this unexplored shaft, you will inevitably begin to wonder, what could possibly be hiding up there? Indeed, it's a well-known fact that the builders of these structures were notorious for their superhuman efforts in concealment.  The upper region of this northern shaft constitutes the last remaining unexplored areas due to the impossible access angle. We know it's there, and all we have to do is apply existing technology in getting in there, Rudolf Gatenbrink told the press. It must be noted, although the mention of tombs has been made, the evidence, to suggest such, is based solely upon a number of parchments and a single mark found within an interior chamber of the pyramid, naming a gang and the fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh, Kufu. Egyptologists have taken these fragmentary factors and concluded that all pyramids were therefore built as tombs, the great one being built over a 10-20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. It seems the entire thesis of ancient Egyptian legacy is built around a few mentions of the pyramids as tombs. No mummies or burial artefacts except a tiny box claimed to be that of the sarcophagus of Kufu has ever been found in the pyramids. Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, Kufu's Egyptian civilization, along with all subsequent and prior dynasties, catalogued tremendous details regarding their existence, yet all for some reason seemingly forget to mention the construction of the biggest, most mysterious structures on earth, or indeed how they did it. What could there possibly be hidden within this chamber? This unexplored and clearly sought after secret room, a room which is seemingly unrobable. With mainstream Egyptologists, archaeologists, and academic historians alike insisting that these amazing pyramids were once unquestionably tombs which were robbed completely over the millennia. Whatever this room contains may settle this once and for all. During the past few years, we have covered many aspects of Mancuri, Kafra, and Kufu, the three great pyramids of Giza. We have explored numerous amazing facts regarding these structures which have remained secret for many years. As the interest has grown regarding these three amazing structures, more people with suspicions, hypothesis, and technical and intellectual talents are fortunately beginning to approach these mysterious and wonderful structures in more explorative ways. We are experiencing the beginning of an ancient Egyptian renaissance thanks to the gift of modern technology. Just the beginning of this year, an international team of researchers began investigating the buildings from afar, gazing at them with unusual cameras. Using state-of-the-art infrared heat detection technology, they have discovered some surprising anomalies regarding the heat signatures visible on their faces. But these thermal anomalies reveal are undiscovered shafts, more than likely leading to additional and undiscovered secret tombs deep within these amazing pyramids. The thermal scanning that they have successfully completed has revealed that there are many of these temperature fluctuations in many areas undocumented as containing anomalies. Thus, what the team has done is pinpoint unexplored shafts dotted across the pyramids. The team also found a particularly impressive anomalous signature located on the eastern side of the Kufu pyramid very close to ground level. From the beginning, the team had always maintained that they would publicly disclose their findings. All of the staggering finds were made public by Antiquities Minister Mamdu El-Demati. During a press briefing, quote, there is something like a small passage in the ground that you can see leading up to the pyramid's ground, reaching an area with a different temperature. What will be behind it? said El-Demati. The scanning was done throughout a 24-hour period, allowing the researchers to monitor subtle temperature changes as the pyramids heated up and then cooled down during the day and night. Though the huge granite and limestone blocks which make up most of the pyramid, this technology was capable of recognizing the slight differentials in their temperature. By monitoring the speed of this heating and cooling, thanks to these miraculous cameras, the researchers were able to isolate several persistent anomalies. Thus, they may have just unlocked more of the pyramid's secrets in one day, using state-of-the-art technology than Egyptian, Antiquities, or archaeologists worldwide have in more than 100 years. While the difference in temperature between most adjacent limestone blocks was between 0.1 to 0.5 degrees Celsius, the largest of heat anomalies discovered on and within the Great Pyramid was an impressive 6 degrees warmer than the surrounding bricks. So far, there are plenty of theories being put forward as to what these heat anomalies might indicate. Not surprisingly, with the leading assumptions being that of just empty areas, a hypothesis I'm sure some would like to make a reality. The good news is that the study, which is called Operation Scan Pyramids, will continue. Next, the researchers intend to use cosmic particles called radiographic muons to create a 3D reconstruction of the pyramids of Giza in an attempt to map all the secret chambers and passageways within the pyramids.  Who built the Great Pyramids? How? Why? Questions many have attempted but seemingly failed to answer, although claimed as tombs with the different internal chambers within the largest, Khufu, named in representation of this purpose. Interestingly, Khufu, or Chiops, is the only one of the three pyramids with internal chambers. Those smaller two merely have tunnels beneath. An enigmatic box whose lid has long been lost to history lay within this enormous structure, long claimed to have been the sarcophagus of Khufu. However, although suspiciously small, no one seems to be able to explain how they got it into the chamber in the first place. It is as if the pyramid was built around as it doesn't fit through any of the known entranceways. Since the 19th century, when these chambers were first rediscovered, a tremendous amount of research, though it must be noted, always supervised by official Egyptian antiquity academics. Nonetheless, remarkable discoveries have at least been partially shared with the world. Most notably, Gontenbrink's door. Yet the tomb of Osiris, where this once inaccessible tunnel led, was, once the media was permitted back into the location, found empty, claimed by officials as being found conveniently vacant. A room only discovered thanks to 21st century technology, according to mainstream Egyptologists, was somehow looted. However, there still lay many mysteries within this most intriguing of structures, and we would expect at least one or possibly many more, which no matter how long it takes us to rediscover them will be too big to hide. For example, although we once thought the tomb Gontenbrink discovered was inaccessible, the chamber at the top of the structure, one of considerable size, estimated at 30 square meters, is so inaccessible. It was only found with technology used to register cosmic rays. A technology usually utilized in high-energy particle physics, capable of tracking particles called muons, produced when cosmic rays strike atoms in the upper atmosphere. These incredibly sensitive detectors were first developed for use in particle accelerators, but they have also been used to gaze into the inner bowels of many geological and ancient artificial features. In December 2015, physicist Kunahiro Morishima of Nagoya University, Japan, placed detectors inside the queen's chamber to detect muons passing through the pyramid, thus any large chamber still hidden within the pyramid would be detected due to a higher register of muons than expected from denser angles. The chamber's discovery was cooperated by two other teams of physicists. All three teams observed a large void in the same location above the grand gallery. It was a big surprise, says Teyubi. We're really excited, he continued. The researchers say it might even be made up of two or more smaller spaces. Teyubi suggests that it could be, quote, a second grand gallery. It is a discovery, which we are finding. In 1996, Italian mineralogist Vincenzo di Michele spotted an unusual yellow-green gem within one of Tutankhamen's necklaces. The jewel was tested and found to be made of a type of glass known as Libyan Desert Glass. The interesting thing regarding this, however, is its origins. To this day, no one seems to be able to explain how it formed. No trace of a crater has ever been discovered. An ancient meteorite, or indeed outer space object, scorching across the skies of Egypt is the basis for many religious teachings within this one's amazing ancient civilization. They associated the objects and the flaming tails during such events, with that of a phoenix, and the collected items, presumably nearly always meteorites, were then hammered down into wares. Nine small beads, stored at the University College London's Petrie Museum, dated to around 3200 BC, were founded necklaces along with exotic terrestrial minerals such as lapis lazuli, agate, and gold. They are some of the earliest iron artifacts ever found, and archaeologists have confirmed that they came from outer space. Meteoric iron is much harder and more brittle than copper. Quote, they were rolled and hammered into shape. This is a very different technology from the usual stone bead drilling, and shows quite an advanced understanding, showing the metalsmiths knew exactly how to work this rather difficult material, said Thilo Rarin, a University College London professor of archaeology. When American geophysicist John Wasson was consulted regarding King Tut's strange gem, he curiously linked the event with one within an extremely remote forest of Siberia, an event we have covered before. Quote, when the thought came to me that this required a hot sky, I thought immediately of the Tunguska event, he told Horizon. In 1908, a massive explosion flattened 80 million trees in Tunguska, Siberia, and whatever landed there over a century ago is still there, and it kills any living organism which settles above it. And what is most interesting surrounding all of this is the ancient Egyptian accounts of what they did with a rather peculiar, rather special type of object that was at one point retrieved from the glassy sands of Libya, a particularly different object which they called a phoenix egg, that hieroglyph state was secreted away within a secret chamber deep within the Great Pyramid. We have covered before the hypothesis that these stories etched in hieroglyphics may be far older than the Egyptian culture which may have preceded it, yet the question is clear. What could this phoenix egg be? The evidence for the existence of a past now lost yet once highly advanced and global civilization should now be overwhelming to anyone who has spent any amount of time researching the anomalies and similarities within ancient sites worldwide found on nearly every continent on Earth. There are countless sites claimed as a certain civilization's work, yet these claims not only often lack any explanation as to how these cultures built said ruins, or how if built by said culture, they can be connected to other sites located in other countries thousands of miles away. These facts are simply academically ignored. Interestingly, another site we can now add to this list of locations that the known polygonal building civilizations pinpointed within the Arab Emirates. According to academic study, quote, the hilly archaeological site not only provides the earliest known evidence of an agricultural village in the United Arab Emirates, but also contains villages, burial grounds, and agricultural infrastructure. The largest collection in the UAE of tombs and buildings from this period is located at hilly. A number of these bronze age structures are located within the hilly archaeological park and are open to the public, end quote. We concur that the site is clearly from a range of different ages, yet along with these modern-looking buildings is one structure which we found incredibly interesting. Known as the hilly grand tomb, like many other structures of unexplainable origin or of lost purpose attributed to that of a tomb. Yet due to the polygonal masonry technique, a now lost technology found the world over clear for all to see and of an exquisite advanced quality. This labeling of a mere tomb to us has been brought into question. For simply due to the method of its creation, we can state that we do not know who, when, or indeed why such a structure in the Arab Emirates was created. It is undoubtedly a small building, yet one of profound features. Thus, it is a place which we find highly compelling. Machu Picchu, unquestionably one of the most recognizable ancient ruins on earth.  Placed far away from modern civilization, requiring a 10-hour track along the Inca Trail to reach, however, when one arrives at the site, they are rewarded with an astonishing array of ancient feats of engineering. There are many anomalous characteristics of this pre-Incan site, which although ignored by academia, we intend to explore here on our channel. One of these peculiar and as yet unexplained features is the Temple of Three Windows, located west of the main square. This sacred temple, formed with the use of gigantic megalithic blocks, is adorned with three still-existing trapezoidal-shaped windows aligned with the path of the Sun, allowing its rays to pass through them at different times of the day, brightly illuminating the sacred plaza beyond. It is one of the many inexplicable features of Machu Picchu, and indeed pre-Incan Peru, which laughs in the face of currently-attested academic theory, and its attempts to explain how such sites were initially built. Most funded archaeologists claim Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for an Incan emperor known as Pachacuti between 1438 to 1472. However, we disagree with this claim. Due to the exquisite nature of the site's construction, the clearly advanced levels of architecture, specifically, but not exclusively, pertaining to its complex irrigation, sanitation, and drainage systems, and indeed the precision displayed with the use of such enormous multi-ton stones. These ancient megaliths were not only somehow carried to the tops of these mountaintop fortresses, but as the Temple of the Three Windows clearly displays, masterfully cut to form the windows. Accomplishing such a refined finish to their surfaces that to claim they were chiseled out using primitive tools, we find not to be a viable or indeed logical conjecture. It is clear to us that whoever created this remarkable temple had at their disposal not only advanced highly-capable transport systems, but stone-cutting tools far out of the reach of the academically-claimed constructors. Furthermore, present upon the stones of the Temple of Three Windows, also visible throughout ancient Peru, are enigmatic marks left by a tool that we, the public, are yet to be informed of. Intriguingly, these marks are not only visible upon the stones within Peru, but are also in abundance at the ancient quarry within Aswan. We have in the past covered the pink granite columns found within the ancient temples of Baalbeck, transported from the same quarry to Baalbeck, a distance of over 1,000 miles. These columns, we hypothesize, link the Temple to the ancient pyramids, and these enigmatic stone-cut marks present at Machu Picchu we assert connect all three. We believe that as more detailed alternative research is undertaken upon these sites, the connections between them, or more specifically, the true creators of said sites, will become apparent as the same. Both religious and evolution theories, in their current forms, stifle this truth by their very nature, yet thankfully, as more and more curious individuals relinquish themselves of the rigid and conformist chains of ideologies in favor of a pursuit of the truths of our Earth. The reality of history will inevitably be unraveled. Who built the Temple of Three Windows? How did they construct such an astonishing site built with such aligned precision with such enormous stones? It is undoubtedly highly compelling. An announcement that seemingly slipped us by was made recently within Egypt. This announcement pertaining to an amazing discovery made within an area of the Giza Plateau that for a number of decades has been conveniently shut off from the public. Although the location is claimed to be a military training base, archaeologists have apparently been secretly beavering away within this remote slice of antiquity. Announced by the Supreme Council of Egyptian Antiquities, Egyptian authorities have apparently found the mysterious traces of the legendary fourth lost pyramid of the Plateau. This provocative announcement stirred up a gale of protest among many Egyptologists, and the reason for this may be because the discovery might turn out to be highly controversial. Although the pyramid is in a very bad state, and this may be due to its immense age, it's only a few rows of blocks remain, and these surviving blocks clearly displaying evidence to indicate that the missing blocks have simply eroded away over the aeons. This ruin may not be the most important find in the area, or indeed, the purpose for the video. Along with these pyramidal remains at the site is another amazing anomaly. In the middle of this mysterious desert, an enormous staircase has been found, plunging into the desert floor, seemingly excavated before this announcement and left for those who were fortunate enough to get access to the area to rediscover and photograph. This enormous staircase plunges straight through a limestone basin many meters in depth. This surgical slice has revealed an astonishing implication. It has revealed that the Giza Plateau does indeed extend this far. Not only that, but it demonstrates the sheer, unimaginable cubic size of this area of stone, a block of stone that was apparently man-made. Where this staircase actually leads to is as yet unknown, although it is thought to drop far below that which is currently visible, and preliminary scans of the area are suggesting that it plunges through the plateau deep into an ocean of groundwater below. By examining the pictures of the discovery, it appears that the site has indeed been excavated from the sand, having most likely been submerged from view beforehand. The question is, who did these excavations? Who built this unbelievable structure, or indeed, the mind-bogglingly enormous Giza Plateau? Who built the pyramids and sphinx upon it? Where did such an enormous stone plateau come from? How did they shape and carve such mysterious structures with such blocks? Or perhaps, most importantly of all, where does this staircase lead? Did whoever undertake this excavation task manage to discover where it led? Our research and exploration will undoubtedly be undertaken over the next few years. We will, of course, keep you posted.


Welcome to today's session of theCUBE's presentation of the AWS startup showcase, the next big thing in AI, security and life sciences. And in this segment, we feature Sunrise security. Of course, for the security track, I'm your host, Dave Vellante. And today we're joined by Sandy Byrd, who's the co-founder and chief technology officer of Sunrise and Avi Boru, who's the director of cloud engineering at World Fuel Services. And in this discussion, we're going to talk about 22 to two data centers, how World Fuel Services and Sunrise security actually made it happen securely. Folks, welcome to theCUBE, come on in. Thank you. So we hear consistent themes from chief information security officers that many, if not most enterprises, they struggle today with cloud security. There's confusion with various tools and the pressing lack of available talent to attack this problem. So Sandy, I want to start with you. We always love to ask co-founders, why did you start your company? Take us back to that decision. Yeah, I think looking at Sunrise security was interesting in that it was a time to start over. It was a time to build native in the cloud as opposed to having a data center and be able to use a vendor and infrastructures, be able to use the latest and greatest technology and really change the way people secured their workload. What was interesting when we started the company, I believe that the world was in a more mature space probably in cloud than they were at the time when we were starting it and that we were really focused around if we could understand all of the rights and entitlements to data, we could understand data movement, we'd had a hope in protecting the data. In arriving in cloud, we realized that the maturity of the company's building in cloud were not quite there yet. They were really struggling with the identity models in the cloud, how to actually secure workloads, serverless functions that are ephemeral, these types of things, and even just sometimes basic governance problems. And the technology we had built was great at understanding all of the ways that data could be accessed. We were able to expand that into all the resources of the cloud. And it's an exciting space to be in. And it's also, I truly believe, we'll be able to actually make cloud environments more secure than what we were doing in enterprise. Because again, for the first time ever, you have full inventory, you have the ability to make controls that apply to the entire infrastructure. It's really an exciting time. I mean, I've said many times, I feel like cloud, like security is a do-over. And the fact that you're coming at it as a data problem and bringing in the cloud, that intersection I think is actually quite exciting. So Avi, let's bring you into the conversation. You know, obviously we've seen cloud exploding, it's continuing to be a staple of digital business transformations and acceleration, especially around identity. And so what's your point of view on cloud security? What's different? And how does your company approach it? Sure, thank you for having me, Dave. And just to give you a bit of world-field services. World-field services, it's a public company and it's based out of Miami. And we are ranked 91 in the Fortune 500 list. So we have spread all across the globe. And as part of our transformation to destress our business, we took over a big challenge to migrate all our global infrastructure from 22 data centers to AWS. That was a massive challenge for us. And we are down right now to 20 data centers. We only have two more to go.  And that was really good for us. But as we've been doing this migration, there was also strong need for us to build a strong security foundation. Because going into the cloud, as much as capabilities it gives us to innovate, it also gives us a lot of challenges to deal with from security standpoint. And as part of building a security foundation, we had to tackle some key challenges. One was, how do we build our cloud security operating model? And how do we upskill off people, the talent that you've been pointing it out? And how do we make security a way of working in this new world? And more than choosing a solution, we needed a really strong security partner who can help us guide in this journey, help us build the foundations and take us further and make sure it was in this. And that's where it was really interesting for us to partner with Sunray, who helped us along the way. They love foundation and now helping us make sure our security platform. What were the technology underpinnings that enticed you to work with Sunray? Sunray has a lot of unique capabilities, but I'll take out on two key points, right? One, Sunray has its cloud security posture management, which is different from other platforms that are out there, because they give you capability for a lot of out-of-the-box frameworks and controls, but in addition to that, every organization has a need to build your own specific framework, specific controls. They give you that capability, which is massive for enterprises. And the second key thing is, if you look at AWS, it has more than 200 services and every service has its unique capability, but one key component they use across all the services is identity and access management, IAM. And Sunray has a unique perspective of using IAM to track risks and identify the interactions between user and machine identities, which was really exciting and new for us. And we felt that's a really good foundation and stepping point to use Sunray. Sandy, we definitely saw the need for better identity explode in conjunction with the cloud migrations during the pandemic. It was sort of building and building and then it was accelerated. Maybe talk a little bit about how you approach this, specifically talk about your identity analytics and the graph solution that you guys talk about. Yeah, I've been a fan of graph solutions for many years. One of the great benefits in this particular space with identity is that the cloud models for identity are fairly complex and quite different between AWS, Azure, and GCP. However, the way that entitlements work, some identity is granted an entitlement and that entitlement gives them access to do something. Sometimes that something is to assume another identity and then do something on that identity's behalf. And when you're actually trying to secure these clouds, this jumping of identities, which happens a lot in the AWS model or inheritance, which happens a lot in the Azure model where you're given access at one level of the tree and you automatically gain access to things below that if you have that entitlement. Those models inside of graph allow us to understand exactly how any given identity, when we talk about identity, we always think of people, but it's not, of course, as you said, sometimes it's a machine, sometimes it's a cloud service. It could be many different things. How does every single one of those identities get access to that given resource? And it's not always as clear as, okay, well, here are the direct identities that can access this resource. It may only be able to be accessed with a single key, but who has access to the key and what has access to the key and what's the policy on that key? And if that's set too widely, can other maybe nefarious actors get access to that key? And by using the graph, we can tie that whole model together to understand the entire list of what gets access. I think that's actually what surprises a lot of the identity governance and data governance teams that are not in cloud. When enterprise, it was very intentional. You configured the database to use the identity provider and the rules that you wanted it to use and that's all that ever got access to that database. In cloud, there are a lot of configuration knobs and things and depending on how you turn them, you could open up a lot of identities to get access to whatever that resource is, often it's data, but it could be a network, it could be many things. So the graph allows us to tie all that together. The second part of it is it really allows us to see, we call them effective permissions, what the effective permission of that identity is. The clouds have done this phenomenal thing in using identities as a control mechanism, just like an firewall, like an identity firewall, where they can take permissions away from things based on sets of conditions. So one of the great ways, let's say you didn't want to have any data store deployed without encryption, you could write a policy at the top of your cloud that says anytime a data store's deployed, if encryption's not there, deny that function. And so what happens is you can create this very protective environment using identity controls. But the problem is when you actually go to evaluate your cloud for risk, you may find a scenario where an identity has access as an example to do something like create an internet gateway or create a public endpoint, but there's this policy somewhere else that's taking that away. And you don't want thousands of alerts because of that. You want to actually understand the model and say, look, if we understand that this policy is mitigating your risk, then don't show the alert in the first place. And it really helps by putting it in a graph because we can actually see all of these interconnections, we can see how they're interrelated and determine the exact effective permissions of any identity and what risk that may have. So Avi, I mean, Sandy's really getting to the heart of operationalizing your security in the cloud. And look, the compelling aspect of the cloud, one of them anyway, is scale. But people tell us to really take advantage of the cloud. They have to evolve that operating model, maybe completely change the operating model to really take advantage of scale. So my question is, how do you operationalize your security practices? What should people think about in terms of the time it takes to build in automations and bots for things like continuous compliance? What can you share in terms of best practice? So traditional ways of operating, if you look at it, is you identify a security risk and a ticket is created and team starts mitigating them. But with so many cloud services and with so many solutions that teams start building in the cloud, it becomes too much of an overhead for teams to mitigate all these security risks that keep coming into the backlog. So as we partner with Sunray in building a foundation, the way we try to approach it is differently. We said, why don't we build this using automated remediations? If we know what are the security risks that we should not be creating in our environment and be non-compliant, how can we mitigate them? And with Sunray and AWS API capabilities, it's not that hard for us to build automated remediation bots because identifying risk has already been taken care of by Sunray. The only aspect we need to take care of is how do we mitigate that? So that's the path we chose in building our cloud security operating model is modeling more on automated remediations. But as part of building that, there is always a cases where everything cannot be remediated automatically. And for these kinds of scenarios, we built a workflow where it still gets funneled through teams so they can prioritize in their backlog. But other key thing that we did as part of operationalizing is teams need to use Sunray as their way of working. Teams need to know what and why they should be using Sunray. So we've connected a lot of training and onboarding and working sessions for teams. So they understand how to use Sunray, how to consume the data coming out of Sunray so they can proactively start acting on how to stay compliant. But yeah, it's been an amazing experience building a foundation though. So I wonder if we can come back to talking about comparisons with the traditional prevailing security models. I mean, we're entering this API economy, as I said before cloud is a staple of digital business. But people have been doing on-prem security for decades. Data loss prevention is an entire sub-industry so what's different about doing it in the cloud? How should we think about that in terms of whether what responsibilities we have, the technology, what's your perspective on that? There's at least five questions in there, Dave. So we'll- Pick your favorite. Pick your favorite. To feed off of what Avi was talking about, he said many times teams need to solve these issues. Teams need to see the issues they're creating and it's interesting as we move to cloud, we decentralize some of these security functions. And that's actually an important part of the summary solution and how you build a cloud security operating model. There's a set of findings we'll call them, maybe they're security findings, maybe they're informational findings that are a fairly low risk and should be dealt with by the individual teams themselves. But that same team maybe isn't the person that can sign off on the risk if it's high enough. And if it's not, then it needs to be escalated to the next level up to have that risk signed off on. A lot of times in large enterprise for workloads, that was done using unfortunately, tickets and systems and humans actually filling out some form of a checklist saying, yes, I met this, no, I didn't. And we can automate huge numbers of those tests, including distributing them to the teams for the teams to solve themselves. And if they do their job right, there's not even the need for the central security body necessarily to know about the issues because they got solved. But when they don't get solved, that's when rather escalation to bots and automation or escalating to a centralized team starts to make sense. You kind of said a lot about DLP there as you were doing in cloud and just data security in general. And I do think cloud has given us this interesting opportunity that's really upset data security in the old way on its head. We used to do data security by putting agents on systems or sometimes it was a proxy in front of it, but either way, that doesn't work well in cloud when you're consuming platform as a service. Amazon's not going to let you put an agent on their database that they're provisioning for you. And if you put your own proxy in front of it, you probably just messed up the elastic scalability that was built into the whole thing to begin with. So we needed a different way to look at this. However, we also took away a couple of things. In cloud, the application teams themselves generally use fit for purpose data stores. They use the data store that's the best for the workload they're doing. Our own workload has many data stores under the covers. It's not one data store. And so because of that, this kind of, the old world of there being a data security team or in a database optimization team that optimized the database workloads actually gets distributed as well all back to those teams.  And on top of that, the cloud vendors in many cases have done great things to enable monitoring. Part of the reason we were putting agents on database servers is because the Oracle admin said, I can't turn logging on. I don't have a big enough system to do it. It's going to crash the system. Well, in cloud, parts of that go away. You can scale the systems up. You can enable logging. So now you can get that rich data that you wanted when you were in enterprise. And so Sunner's really kind of taken that model and said, look, we can give you the visibility around data movement. We can give you the visibility around all of the entitlements to that data. We can understand, is your data at risk? And then we can profile all of that for anomalies and say, it's kind of odd that the workload that normally connects into this automated fashion is now using its access key from a different location. That doesn't make any sense. Why is that happening? And so you get kind of strong anomaly detection as well as the governance. So data security in cloud, if we kind of fast forward a few years, will look very different than it does today. I still believe some of the teams are not quite there yet in cloud. They're still struggling with some of these identity problems we talked about. They still struggle some of them with CSPM problems. And so we have to solve those first, obviously, before we get to the true data security. But it's interesting that cloud has enabled us with such rich tooling and APIs to actually do it better than what we've done on enterprise. A lot of really powerful concepts in there. Thank you, Sandy. I mean, this notion of decentralizing security functions reminds me when Warner Vogels describes this hyper decentralized distributed system that Amazon is building. And it's clearly a theme, you know, maybe it's bromide, that people talk about shifting left, designing security in. And it's important, you're not just bolting it on as an afterthought. And so maybe this next question sort of really relates to the theme of this event, which is all about scale. And so here's the question, Sandy. Thinking about your contribution to the future of cloud, obviously you start a company, you want to grow that company, you want to serve customers and grow your revenues, et cetera. But what's your defining contribution to the future of cloud scale? Look, we want to enable companies to scale faster. We want them to be able to put more workloads in cloud using, you know, the right set of security controls to keep those workloads safe. I know we can actually do this in a way where, you know, we talk about defense in depth for years, right? And usually in enterprise, that meant many levels of networks before you got access. Now we need to do defense in depth in terms of, you know, actually variety of controls. We can't throw the network control away. It's still us to be there. We need an identity control and it will be the primary control for what we do in cloud. We need a data lock, you know, rather that's through an encryption key policy or whatever it is. So we have multiple different layers of defense in depth. We can use in cloud today. And so it'll be a much more secure environment than it was in the future. But we have to, again, so my contribution is hopefully I can help everybody get to that level because right now we still see way too many breaches with very simple configuration problems that ended up exposing data unintentionally. And that's worrisome. You know, that's funny. A lot of people maybe can't relate to that defense in depth.   It's sort of a microcosm of the complexity that you have to think about in the enterprise but in having tools to automate is critical and expertise obviously. So let's wrap, Avi, give us your final thoughts in key takeaways on building a world-class cloud security. I guess the key takeaways would be is you need to choose the right partner. It's not just a solution. And another key takeaway is automate your way because with security in the cloud is different than traditionally how you do it. And the only fastest way to move is automate yourself away out of it and rely on talent, rely on a lot of young talent that's coming in and all the tools like Sunray, AWS are making it easier to operate in the cloud. So bring up the young talent and upskill the talent and leverage all these tools to be more secure on the cloud. Yeah, use automation to solve the big problem of that talent gap. This is not enough of it out there and the adversaries they're well-equipped and quite capable. Okay, Sandy, please give us your last word. Look, again, I think cloud is going to get us to a point where we are more secure than we were in enterprise. We have all of the right tools and controls to do it. We can decentralize the security and make it better. Again, I think if anything just encourage people to really look at a cloud security governance model, right? You can't do this ad hoc trying to whack a mole of small issues as they come up. You build it in as an operating model, you automate it end to end and you deal with the exceptions. Yeah, I mean, you're very optimistic and I think is for good reason. I remember listening to Steven Schmidt a couple of years ago at reinforce basically saying, look, we feel pretty optimistic about solving this problem. Whereas I have to say every year I look back in the enterprise on prem and it's getting worse. And so keep up the good work, Gents. Really appreciate the time on theCUBE today. Thank you. Thank you. And thank you for watching theCUBE's presentation of the AWS startup showcase, the next big thing in AI, security and life sciences. I'm Dave Vellante.


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