to Igor Juergens, who is the president of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. We've talked a lot about Russia, Igor, you may want to comment how you see the long-term future of Russia's relations, particularly with the West, which at the moment are politically very bad, although interestingly trade is going up. Alright, Igor. Thank you very much, Carl, and special thanks to Teri Dimobriyale, of course, for this fantastic opportunity to talk offline. I'm sorry that I couldn't get all of the speech of our Chinese colleague, because I will start with your idea of followers and hedgers. We are at the same time followers and hedgers, and believe me, inside Russia, there are followers who would definitely would like to go along the centrally planning, economic, and politically robust anti-Western policies, and there are hedgers who want to use this to restore the relationship with the West. In 2003, Mr. Putin signed strategic partnership and cooperation agreement with European Union. We started building common economic space, common security space, common everything. Okay, so now we arrive to the situation of strategic confrontation. And vice versa, with the Chinese People Republic, we were at war on the Monsky Island 50 years ago, and now we're in a strategic partnership embracing each other. This partnership is not harmonious. Many in Russia think that economic cooperation is lopsided, one-sided, and investment is not coming. But militarily and politically, at this particular period, we don't have any other place to go, and this is a marriage of convenience, which will go on for some time, no question about that. But the coupling of the United States and China, which is taking place now, is very hard to test for us too. It will bring more volatility on the financial markets, on economic markets, on the supply chain. It will bring more tension to the international system and to Russia also. And from the point of view of making an estimate whether it's a Cold War or not yet a Cold War, but something else, I would say it's very close to the Cold War with this broadening of extent of the Cold War. Because only two years ago, from the same rostrums and the same panels as today, I was hearing that there is no ideological component of the Cold War now, because we're all in the free markets and everything else. Judging by the statements from the President Xi Jinping and what is being in the make for the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China for the next year, it is now ideological too, the same way it was between the Soviet Union and the United States. So from this point of view, I would say that hedgers in Russia would be very cautious in taking sides if the coupling takes a resolute final countdown, because I cannot imagine what will happen on the Russian stock exchange if, for example, tomorrow there is a conflict around Taiwan. And this conflict isn't the making if I hear alright, then the example of Hong Kong can show what might happen in the Chinese world, including Taiwan, if this decoupling goes all the way down. And which brings me to Ocus. Ocus is the creation of the new block. For Russia, it's very dangerous because NATO is an opponent and bordering on being an enemy, but it's an understandable enemy. It's an enemy with whom we have relations for all those 50 years. It's an enemy or opponent with whom we have diplomatic relations. We have the Russian NATO Council. It's idle at the moment, but we have this instrument. What will happen with Ocus or something else which would be created instead of unified NATO is a big question mark. If tomorrow, for example, our Polish friends and Baltic states would decide to create the same kind of a caucus on the borders of Russia because of the Ukrainian situation or something else, then it's a real danger. So this is the second danger. China, Russia, China, United States decoupling Ocus, then comes Afghanistan, which was mentioned here too. Afghanistan, I'm not talking and not commenting on how Biden decided to execute logistically this thing. But it's a smart move if you talk about Russian-American confrontation because you give all these Islamic problems to Russian border. Smart move. And you give it partly, of course, to China and Pakistan, but that's beside the point. The most serious thing is happening on the Tajik, Uzbekistan, Turkmenian border, where we have our troops and our military installations. So from this point of view, I think that we are heading into a very serious confrontation before the things will get better. Because when the United States declared that semiconductors will not be given to China at all, finished. We are building that in Wyoming and other states. When the United States said that we are blacklisting Chinese PLCs, publicly owned companies, blacklisting them. On the one hand, and then Chinese replied that no more information will be transferred from China to abroad without our full control, which is the blockade or information blockade and everything else. So it's a beginning of something which we don't know the end of. And Taiwan would be probably one of the testing grounds, but it's a very serious showdown. At the moment Russia will be with China at least verbally, but we'll be hedging its risk. No question about that. So just to end on the bright note, I would say yes, sustainable development concept, if they take it seriously in Glasgow next month. And if we really have an architecture for this sustainable development, decarbonization, green economy and all of that stuff, that gives us the platform for the green diplomacy. No question about that. But before we get that, here I'm with Greta Turnberg. It's 30 years lifespan. All of the tycoons in oil and gas say, okay, okay, 2050, but we will do our profit at the moment. And before we agree on all those transitory taxation of carbon and everything else, we'll blackmail Europe by coal, by gas, by oil, because you need that. You see what's happening with the gas price in Europe. So this is, before we get better, we will get worse. And unfortunately, the blame should be put on both sides. And I would end by saying that my colleague on the right remembers perfectly well when in Brussels we signed cooperation partnership and we thought that we're in the same family. And where we are now, we see. Thank you. Thank you very much, Iro.


In child labour concept, I mean, will you give some thought to this also that we have seen that the, as I have just said that the political parties are all huge. I mean, they have their student wings. We see that a class 4 or 5 standard student holding a play card in support of certain political philosophy. If you ask that child, what is that meant he or she can't be able to answer it. He doesn't have a faint idea about this. So, this is also one kind of, is it not one kind of sort of child labour, I mean, because it is impeding its development. So, the best people to answer such a question are the politicians. Sir, if you permit, sir, quickly can we come to the procedural part, the modus operandi of your mission. Sir, how do you do it? How do you identify a child in distress and how do you address the situation? I will summarize those things, because I think the time is running out. When I go to my office on an average day, normally I see some parents sitting and waiting for my colleagues or for me. Now, since I am travelling a lot, so they wait for my colleagues. These are the parents whose children are stolen, kidnapped. They have no idea where they are. Some of the parents are those who know where the children are confined in slavery. There are mothers who say that their daughter, her daughter, is missing for three years, four years, five years. And when the father came all the way to Delhi in search of the daughter, he has also been trapped by the same or someone else. Father is also not coming back home. When you talk to such mother who has no hope and the only hope perhaps in me and my organization, on one hand I feel the worth of my life, but on the other, I feel big challenge that I cannot wait even for a single moment. The sense of urgency is there which all these parents brought to us. Sometimes we read in the newspapers, sometimes we come to know through telephone calls that the children are trapped and confined to mines or factories or other places. Sometimes someone runs away from a mine or a factory and comes to us and tell that how a large number of children or even the parents of those children are trapped into bonded labor or virtual slavery. So, it goes on like that. Then we have to go through the legal procedures. That means we have to make use of the appropriate laws, made with the child labor law, bonded labor system evolution act, made with the factory act, made with the journal justice act, made with the right to education act. There are several laws which are relevant in that case. So, we have to work hard on it on one hand, but on the other hand, we have to also do our own investigation on the basis of some tips given by the parents or by others. So, we have good number of dedicated people who have passion, who have professional qualification to do it. So, then they go towards that. Of course, it is not easy to coordinate with various agencies including police, labor department, health department, local magistrate like SDM who is responsible for the enforcement of bonded labor law. Then the labor department is responsible for enforcement of child labor law. So, different departments that is quite a fragmented situation and it is not easy to coordinate and cooperate with all of them. But we have to do it because we have to rescue the children under appropriate laws, so that they could be entitled for the rehabilitation benefits under government schemes and the some deterrent action could be taken against the employer. So, we have to do it. Then one of the, I would say the USBs of Bajman Bachao Andolan has been the direct action. We do not inform the details or detail address of those places to the police, otherwise local police normally pass on the information to the employer. They can get a heavy bribe and in place in turn when we reach there the people are prepared to attack on us. I lost two of my colleagues, one was shot dead and one was beaten to death. I have scars and injuries and wounds in all my body. My left foot is broken, my right shoulder is broken, my backbone is broken. I have scars on my head. So, almost all my senior colleagues have been you know attacked like that. We narrowly escaped. I narrowly escaped several times. So, it is very hard in a way that we have to be very careful, very cautious about the leakage of information. We have to be very swift. It is such a swift operation. It is a matter of few minutes. If you lose just one minute then suddenly somebody can come from the back and hit you and you are hospital. You will find yourself in hospital. It happened with me and other colleagues in the path. So, we have to be very careful about those things. In presence of police it happens because local police is normally conned with them because they give good bribes and appease them all the time. Sometimes political connection and pressure. But thank God that most cases we are able to liberate those children, almost 80,000, more than 80,000 children individually and in the groups have been freed by my colleagues. I also feel very fortunate and lucky to be the part of it. And I always say and I believe in it that when I free a child, I am not doing any mercy or any obligation to that child or to the family. Rather the truth is other way round. When I free a child, I think that I am freeing myself. I free myself from inside. I read about freedom, freedom movements and the great leaders who freed us. But reading something is something different than experience freedom. We have read that Mukti Moksha is the supreme salvation or the supreme emancipation of the purpose of human life in Indian philosophy, Hindu philosophy especially. But that comes only when you be the part of it, when you experience and you can see that you are walking with freedom not simply reading the freedom in books or Mukti in books. So, that is always great. All these sometimes the mothers from Assam, from Odisha, from Arunachal Pradesh, from Jharkhand who lost all the hopes that their son or daughter can ever come back home and sit in their lap in three years, four years, five years after. When they embrace their daughter and able to put them on their lap, I tell you, I tell you that this experience is divine. This is immortal because first smile of joy of freedom appears on the face of that child, is divine, is godly. When the first tear rolls from the eyes of the mother, enjoy, I see the claims of God. So, for me it is not a very technical, mechanical, legal things. It is more a spiritual experience for me and that is always, always my driving force. It is not the name, it is not the word, it is not anything else. It is more a kind of bitnessing or experiencing the smile of God in the faces of those children who are free. Thank you. Sir, yes, we had some great moments. I have had some rather magic moments with you and it is such a pleasure and we are very honored, sir. And what can you do?  My pleasure.


This is the Tiger Financial News Network 11 o'clock market update with up 255 at $31,292 in the Dow. This is the kind of action we wanted to see if there was going to be another cup formation here. Not good enough that at 11 o'clock we are up 254. After 3 o'clock we've got to be up at least above 190 preferably above 290 and that will be very good for that left side inverted chaplain wave Roman candle to be able to test that wick on the upside. We're looking at the S&P at this point the S&P is also up nicely. It's up actually seeing a little better than does up 1.08 percent. It's up 41 points at 3 8 8 6 very nice. This action I like very much. Preferably closing above 38 80 into the oh if we could touch the 3900s today or tomorrow that'll be fabulous. Looking at the QQQ, well the QQQ is at 1.37 percent. It's leading the pack so far out of those three major indices at 292.77 up 3.95. This is getting closer and closer to the left side how of 296.58 which it needs to take out and it needs to take it out of the next two sessions. Looking at the IWM which is coming back very nice. It's up 2.2 percent up 370 at 175 34. This is also a nice action. Gold is giving back some of the gain it had earlier. It's only up for 1741 and that's because the dollar didn't even do the dollar in my show. The dollars in leg D maybe a peak D but still holding the other highs and technicals are all excellent. Leg D in the weekly chart looking at the I didn't even do the I'll do tomorrow do the currencies tomorrow and everything else. So we're looking at the TLT which is bond the TLT is down again down 49 cents at 114.32. It shouldn't have done that. It should have held 116 and try to make a new recovery higher. Anyway that's the way it is. We don't dictate these things. It dictates it and crude oil was up sharply earlier on and stood up sharply for 4.6 at 103.25 in the continuous contract. 105 is a strong pink nine period moving average resistance and the 14 period is at 106.61. So with that I'm going to be handing you over to Larry Perzevento great program coming up. Of course all day Larry Perzevento comes up at 11 11 of 6. Then comes think I swim with Kevin Hanks. Then comes Steve Rhodes Dave White and we've got Tom and Brian wrapping it up this Thursday and I will see you back here tomorrow at 10 o'clock. Don't forget Tommy Junior starts his off kick kickoff at 9 a.m. fabulous show. See you soon. Great programming. See you tomorrow.


Good morning, welcome back. We are going to continue our discussion of secondary atomization to see what are the important parameters that govern this process. We went through two different kinds of analysis at the end of the last lecture. One using force scaling analysis and another using Buckingham pie theorem to give us a set of dimensionless groups that can be used to characterize the behavior of droplets in an air field, in a gas field. What we are going to do is start from there and say I could have the important dimensionless groups governing secondary atomization are we have a Weber number which we showed and we are going to like we said at the end of the last lecture that there are many combinations of these dimensionless groups. Weber number, capillary number, Reynolds number and you can see Onozoerga number which is formed by a combination of these Weber number and Reynolds number. These are all possible candidates for characterizing the behavior of drops in a gas field. So, typically for secondary atomization we found that this Weber number and Onozoerga number defined based on the liquid properties seem to play a big role and seem to be used in the literature to characterize the to characterize the regimes in which these drops break up. We will look at that in just a moment. So now just to sort of summarize Weber number as this group shows is it represents the competition and restorative surface tension force. Onozoerga number represents the relative importance of mu l and sigma. So essentially in this formulation the in the way the Onozoerga number is written here the liquid viscosity is trying to damp out any oscillations while surface tension is trying to cause the break up of the drops. So, we want to understand the different roles that these that the same physical properties surface tension place in the two in the two different phenomena. Let us take a typical example and see what these numbers look like. So let us take an example of a raindrop falling. So let us say D is about 1 mm rho a I am only going to do an order of magnitude analysis. So I will start by writing D is about 10 power minus 3 meters rho is about 1 kg per meter cube rho a. So we will assume for a moment that the drop has reached its terminal velocity condition roughly about 10 meters per second this is sort of an overestimation. We will see what this number looks like and sigma for water is about 10 power minus 1 Newton per meter approximately it is a it is about between 10 power minus 2 and 10 power minus 1. So given this the Weber number an order of magnitude of the Weber number. So the order of magnitude of approximately a 1 mm raindrop falling through air at a terminal velocity of about 10 meters per second gives you a Weber number of about 1. What it means is that the aerodynamic force. So if I take a raindrop falling at 10 meters per second the question I am asking is this likely to break up and if I have this air essentially in the frame of reference fixed around the drop there is air moving around it. So if I was to do this very sort of a rigorous fluid dynamic analysis this drop would have to deform into something like that that may not be it that it may further deform by flattening out into a pancake and if this were to happen this process continues till it breaks up. So let me draw those separately if I take a sphere initially under some air flow after some deformation this may become something like a pancake and the moment you have this sort of a flattening out this process is only going to be accelerated further until you start to get some kind of a break up. You can sort of imagine this and we will see more details on this in a moment but what the calculation that we just did showing us that the value of Weber number being order of magnitude 1 means this aerodynamic force that is trying to deform the drop and the surface tension force which is trying to bring it into a sphere are very close to being of the same order of magnitude. So the competition keeps the drop in a nearly spherical shape at this condition. So in other words if the aerodynamic force is much greater than the surface tension force say for example if I had a larger drop that would cause the Weber number to be higher or if I have a lower surface tension fluid that would cause the Weber number to be higher under those situations the drop is more likely to deform. Let us do the onus organ number calculation for the same fluid for the same situation onus organ number requires mu L which is about 10 power minus 3 kg per meter per second rho L which is about 10 power 3 kg per meter cube d which is 10 power minus 3 and sigma which is about 10 power minus 1 onus organ number for this would be mu L divided by square root rho L d sigma which in this case is about 10 power minus 3 divided by square root 10 power 3 into 10 power minus 3 into 10 power minus 1 which is on the order of 10 power minus 3 to 10 power minus 4 somewhere in there. What this shows is that the role of viscosity in damping out oscillations is very small because the onus organ number is on the order of 10 power minus 3 to 10 power minus 4 what it means is if the drop were to go into oscillations those oscillations would be sustained for a fairly long period of time. So imagine a real raindrop falling you would expect if you took images of this raindrop in the center of in the frame of reference fixed with the raindrop the drop would also show an oscillation it would not just be a fixed sphere because the onus organ number is very small the onus organ number was very large on or at least order of magnitude 1 I would expect the drop to be nearly spherical as it is coming down. So this is a situation of about order 1 Weber number and onus organ number being order 10 power minus 3 etc. So let us see what these really mean in the case of a spray and so we will first look at what Weber number means in the case of a spray. This is a simple classification from the work by Guilden Becher et al. from a paper titled secondary atomization what they show is that there are several different regimes of Weber number under which one could expect the single droplet to behave differently at over the range of Weber numbers. So the first and simplest is where the Weber number is between 0 to 10 let us say over order 11 is what they say this is the case where you would expect a drop. So in the vibrational mode I would expect a drop to undergo some kind of a deformation so initially it could be a small deformation so this leads into this and this in turn leads into this. Now this is not a process by which the drop is essentially going from going sort of quasi statically from a nice spherical drop into a dumbbell and then breaking up it is a vibrational break up mode that is this drop is undergoing a set of vibrations but those vibrations are amplifying in amplitude are increasing in amplitude. So the in other words I may have this vibration initially small but because the air is feeding energy into this vibrating drop this amplitude of the vibration could increase and one could imagine very simplistically that if the amplitude of vibration becomes on the order of the radius of the drop then you have a situation where from here you come to something that looks like that and it could pinch off. I could have a nice spherical drop but because of the modes of vibration of this drop it could undergo a break up by amplification of the vibrational amplitude. So and that is pictorially shown in this first part so essentially if you imagine in this particular instance there is very little preferential direction of the air motion so for example one would have to imagine in all these cases that the drop is introduced into an air stream the drop is introduced into an air stream of some velocity u and that gives rise to the Weber number basically. So initially the drop is at rest and you let go of it you have this relative velocity between the drop and the air that causes this kind of a behavior if your Weber number is very small. If your Weber number is slightly larger then the kinematics of what you expect would happen starting from here is that there is an initial deformation of this drop in the middle so you have an air that causes this nice and spherical drop to deform into what looks like a jelly bead and from there the progression is towards what looks like a bag so I will just draw this arrow to here just to I do not want to redraw the same figure. So this middle part could elongate with a thick rim on the outside here something like that so this is a thin sheet of liquid with an axis symmetric rim now you will have to imagine this is axis symmetric so now these are all sort of you know schematic representations but they are actually based on experimental observations so they are fairly accurate. So what happens at this point is that this drop that is being stretched out into this thin rim into a rim plus a thin sheet of liquid attaching to the rim the thin sheet of liquid is now looking more like a bubble which is sustained by this slightly higher pressure on the inside and that shatters into a bunch of drops so these drops you see are coming from the sheet breaking up and then these larger drops that you see are coming from the rim breaking up so you can straight away see that if my drop in the initial state so this is my initial state is in the Weber number range say about 10 or 11 to about 35 I am going to get this kind of a break up of the single drop and which means in each drop break up I get two different physics coming into play one due to the sheet breaking up and that sheet break up gives rise to very small fragments of drops and the second the rim breaking up now in our earlier lectures we discussed linear instability analysis. So if I take you know and we looked at the linear instability of a cylindrical column in I can look at the linear instability of a toroidal ring so if I were to create a liquid toroidal ring which is what this is and one can make these observations you know from drops breaking up that you can actually see a toroidal ring form and if I create a liquid toroidal ring and do a linear instability calculation of that liquid toroidal ring there is a certain preferential break up mode that will show up so this is my liquid toroidal ring there is a certain azimuthal mode let us say 2 pi by m is this theta. So there is a certain m which is preferred so there is a particular value of m that will have the maximum growth rate it is just like any other prefer it is like any other linear instability problem where a certain mode is likely to grow faster than others and that particular value of m now tells you what the so if I look at the rim again the particular value of m that you see causing the break up of this rim determines the number and size of the drops form from the break up of the rim. So you have two different physical phenomena causing the break up causing the final result impacting the final result in the case of the back break up process one the sheet which is this liquid sheet breaking up to give these fine fragments and then the rim breaking up to give you the larger drops and the result is that in this particular case you are more likely to get a bimodal distribution of droplets from a single droplet break up element because they are originating from two different physical processes. In the first vibrational break up you are more likely to see a unimodal break up that is the preferred break up process in the vibrational mode is for each drop to break up into two halves the preferred break up process does not mean it exactly splits into half but if I were to look at a population of drops at that same number condition then on the average I expect the drops to produce the mean diameter of the daughter drops produced from secondary process to be about half the size of the primary drop half the size in mass or you know when you do the calculation you will find what the scaling is in the diameter to direct. Now from there I will skip this multi mode because that requires a little more thought but we will move into sheet thinning now if you there is a supporting video to go with this paper that you can go to this journal website and look at where they have videos of this process so what I am describing is actually from an experiment from high speed imaging and experimental observations that you can see for yourself. The sheet thinning process also starts with the same initial condition so a drop of some diameter d at rest in a wind of velocity u what do I expect will happen in this if the Weber number is slightly higher and now in this range the first deformation process from here is where I start to see a thin rim form on the side so this is where the side of the drop is being stretched forward as opposed to the middle of the drop being pushed forward which was the case in the back break up mode. The natural progression from here on is where you create a very thin long stretch sheet and so it is almost like I am shearing drops of the sides this is more like our high Weber number diesel or jet atomizer and so I create this thin elongated liquid sheet breaks up into finer drops which are shown here and a few large drops from the break up of this disc like structure so I still may end up with what looks like a bimodal distribution but it is significantly more concentrated number wise in the smaller drop range. So the mean drop size of all the daughter drops formed from the break up events of a population of parent drops is going to be smaller as the Weber number increases that is the expectation and that is what is observed the last break up process is what is often called a catastrophic break up process which is where the Weber number is greater than about 300 and something. And this is actually very difficult to investigate and there is not much information available on how drops behave at this situation in fact the word catastrophic is descriptor of nothing more than lack of information lack of our information about this regime. But there is some experimental evidence of drop sizes that will form but the specific physics of how the drop breaks up at this high Weber number is something that is I think not completely understood as well understood as the others. Now this middle region that we skip as we went forward is called a multi mode break up regime which is where you have a transition from the middle part being stretched being pushed like we said the back break up so just to show so it is being this idea of the middle being stretched into like a balloon to the sides being stretched into a thin sheet. So the multi mode break up shows a little bit of both and therefore you see that this is often called the bag and stem break up so you have a stem to replace what would be expected to be seen from the sheet break up regime but you also have the bag from the back break up regime forming. So and this is again this gives rise to essentially bimodal distributions or in some instances you know other modes also but remember we are only talking of these distributions themselves in a statistical sense so the distributions themselves are formed from varying from just superposition of the different physical processes like the back breaking up and the rim breaking so we talked about that as an example. Now in all these processes we will have to physically understand how this is happening so like the way to sort of imagine this all of these kinds of stretching elongation and then break up processes are happening in time that is the drop should have enough time for one of these processes to take the atomization process forward. Take for example the sheet break up in the sheet thinning regime you have to have sufficient time to create velocity gradients inside the drop to stretch the drop out into a thin sheet and the time over which the drop is stretched into a thin sheet is much smaller than the time over which the drop can retract back into a spherical drop that is so you can think of this Weber number as being a combination of as being a competition between the time scales as well that is the viscous time scale or the surface tension time scale which is trying to restore this drop back into a spherical shape is much longer than the aerodynamic or the viscous time scale or aerodynamic time scale which is stretching this drop out into this thin sheet. So one process is so much faster than the other that it does not have time to catch up so that is the meaning of the Weber number. So what faith did in 1995 and this is sort of a collation of a lot of work that preceded faith structure and break up properties of space paper in the international journal of multi phase flow what faith did is to parse all this information into a regime chart. So we will start from this corner because it is the easiest to understand I believe if I have a an order one Weber number. So this is Weber number order one so this is our raindrop that we discussed earlier Weber number wise but instead of raining water if it was raining glycerin which is let us say a thousand times more viscous then this is essentially where our glycerin rain would fall order one on the owner's order number and order one on the Weber number and what this chart tells us is that under those circumstances the drop would hardly deform so the deformation of this drop would be less than 5 percent. So it would oscillate but the net deformation would be less than 5 percent of the radius so there is no expectation of any atomization. You can go towards higher and higher Weber numbers and even if you have somewhere a drop that is at a very high Weber number but correspondingly high owner's order number mind you these axis are all logarithmic. So a high owner's order number let us say a owner's order number about 10 power 3 would allow for a very high Weber number and still a stable drop. So if I want to create a nice and stable drop I have to have a high owner's order number even if I have a for every given Weber number. So let us just write down what these are so we know what we are meaning. Here is that diameter of the drop D occurs in the denominator in the owner's order number and in the numerator in the Weber number that means for the same fluid mu l rho l sigma and the air density being the same and u being the same the smaller drops tend to have a higher owner's order number and a lower Weber number. So we do not have to necessarily look at different property fluids even in the same spray some drops in other words smaller drops will tend to be in this corner here and the larger drops would tend to gravitate towards the other parts of this graph. So let us take our own little rain drop where we said the owner's order number is about 10 power minus 3 a Weber number is about 1 so this is where we were. This is our typical rain drop the deformation is expected to be between 5 to 10 percent but that means that it is likely to oscillate with the net oscillation amplitude being limited to about 10 percent. So no break up again as you go higher and higher up on the Weber number oscillatory deformation starts to occur when your Weber number is on the order of about 10 this is what we call vibrational break up mode in the previous slide and if I look at further increase in if you look go back let us say between 11 and 35 you expect a back break up and you can imagine what 11 and 35 would look like on the on a log scale this region over which one would expect back break up. Is that on the Weber number scale as I keep going up I transition into multi mode break up and then this shear or sheet thinning break up notice how so essentially the limits that we discussed in the previous slide correspond reasonably well with an axis if I were to draw the axis right through here. So these let us say start of the oscillatory break till right there then the back break up multi mode and then above that you have a little bit of sheet thinning and further up is your catastrophic break up. So these correspond reasonably well with the values that we discussed in the previous slide but as I increase my on a zorg number clearly these values are not going to be the same you can see where if I have on a zorg number order 1 these values for oscillatory deformation is now much higher back break up multi mode and etc. So the values that Gildenbecher et al gave in their paper are mostly for very low viscosity fluid which is typical of any sort of a fuel like gasoline or diesel or aviation kerosene these are all low viscosity fuels and in a given spray on a zorg number is expected to be usually small on less than order 1 for less than order 1 drops you expect that the sheet that the limits are what Gildenbecher et al the limits given by Gildenbecher et al will work but for larger on a zorg numbers 1 would have to look at the complete regime chart from faith. So this as you can see from the class of liquids that were studied this kind of information where experiments from various sources are all collated on to 1 graph is called a regime chart a regime chart regime chart like this is very useful because for my given situation I know what to expect in the what to expect for my behavior now at a given point in the spray I may have wide range of drops and these drops may be travelling with a range of velocities we have looked at joint pdf of size and velocity and when you have a pdf of size and velocity 1 can imagine that you actually have a pdf of Weber numbers and on a zorg numbers. So I can take the dimensional information from let say pdpa data that we looked at before and parse it into Weber number on a zorg number joint pdf. So at a given point in the spray given spatial location in the spray I have a whole distribution of Weber numbers and on a zorg numbers and these drops are now likely to break up by varying physics at the same point in the spray so the question is how do I model this break up process so I will say take 1 or 2 very trivial examples and then lead into something that is probably more applicable to a real situation the simplest model is what is called a Taylor analogy break up model. I can only start talking of modeling this process only after I know what the physical what the physics looks like so I do a bunch of experimental measurements parse it into a regime chart and now I am ready to look at modeling this process. So if I take the simplest model is actually the vibrational break up where I have this drop leading into sort of a dumbbell like mode and this dumbbell like mode is likely to break up due to oscillations. We will continue this in the next class and look at other models as well along with Taylor analogy break up.


Color guard. Retire the colors. Ladies and gentlemen, Lieutenant Commander Paul Smith, Chaplain Corps, United States Navy will now offer the invocation. Please join me in prayer. Gracious God, we would ask that you would hear on behalf of the citizens of this great nation, our endearing gratitude for the members of Underwater Construction Team 1 Detachment November Mike, 1985. There's is a story that was and is known to people across the world, but to us, the story is very personal, illuminating the caliber of the women and men of the U.S. Navy's exclusive cadre of construction divers. Having gruelingly earned the title of Navy Diver, the sixth man of the Detachment November Mike would in due course distinguish themselves even more as captives of an ideology opposed to every good and just thing they represented and supported in places and climes across the globe. Duty, freedom, honor, courage, commitment, and self-sacrifice are just a few of the enduring values these men embodied. And we stand here today to vigorously articulate as representatives of our great land that these values do sustain us in the Valley of Death's Shadow and are even greater than our sales and do-it-times, claim the supreme sacrifice mirrored by Petty Officer Robert Stiedem. These men represent the finest grit and fiber of the citizen warriors that rise up to serve and wear the cloth of our proud sea service tradition. Let this ceremony serve to remind us of the awesome and demanding responsibility that accompanies freedom. We pray you are abiding grace on the families and friends of the sailors, marines, soldiers, airmen, and Coast Guardsmen who have given their lives and service to this country. And of the men and women who are even now in harm's way, we pray their safe and sure return in your strong name that I pray. Guests, please be seated. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the ceremony to recognize the members of Underwater Construction Team 1, Detachment November Mike 8-5, whose actions during the events of June 1985, we honor here today. It is now my honor to introduce Rear Admiral Martha Herb, U.S. Navy Director, Inter-American Defense College. Good morning. I hope you're warm enough. Whoever thought that we'd have to worry about the temperature on this fine day in April. Secretary Mavis, Rear Admiral Gregory, Rear Admiral Fowler, Rear Admiral Morneau, Rear Admiral Yabar, Rear Admiral Morton, Rear Admiral Drennan, Rear Admiral Nash, Rear Admiral Boone, Family of Petty Officer Robert Stevenum, Divers of UCT-1, Det November Mike 8-5, Veterans of Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. It is my honor and privilege to welcome you to the Inter-American Defense College. For a moment, I'm going to tell you a little bit about this great facility. We are an international senior service college chartered under the auspices of the Organization of American States and hosted by the United States at Fort McNair. Our students hail from 14 different nations in the Western Hemisphere. 33% of our graduates have become flag officers or general officers, ministers, ambassadors, and high-ranking government officials, and even three have become presidents. IADC serves as tangible evidence of the shared cooperation and relationship building between the United States and the Americas. We at IADC are extremely honored to host this ceremony in which these distinguished members of UCT-1, Det November Mike 8-5, will be awarded the prisoner of war medal to the stedems. We can never fill the space left in your heart from the parting of your son, but we can show you that he has not forgotten. To our special guest, we are so proud to honor your service for answering the call to duty. Less than 1% of our population volunteer to serve in the armed forces. Of those, only an elite few rise to the challenge of becoming navy divers. These are the ones who conquered the rigorous dive school training program and earned the right to serve proudly as Huya Navy Deep Sea divers. It is this community's tenacious, can-do way of thinking and approach to life that makes this momentous occasion finally possible. Take a moment, look to your left, to your right. Every navy diver present today is connected to these men through our diving community. George Seltzer, who commanded Underwater Construction Team 1, was my classmate at the then Navy School of Diving and Salvage in Washington, D.C. Yes, I'm that old. I will never forget the day, years later, when George related to me, it was his team of UCT divers on the hijacked TWA plane that filled the headlines in newspapers and flooded TV reports across the country. The emotion in George's eyes told the story. Kenneth Bowen served as one of my diving chiefs at Mobile Diving Salvage Unit 2, debt 608. I had never connected his name with the divers on the TWA flight until he shared his story. For 30 to 45 minutes, I sat spellbound as he narrated the story of his team, the pain he felt in losing his shipmate, Robert Stetum, and the stress those divers endured during their captivity. I hold him and his courageous shipmates in high esteem for their courage. Jeff Ingalls served with my husband and me at the Navy Diving and Salvage Training Center in Panama City. So for a moment, permit me to share a little bit of how this ceremony transitioned from an idea or a notion to reality. It's a story of different sailors from different dive school classes working together and believing that, yes, was the only acceptable answer to getting the prisoner of war medal awarded to these men. Bobby Scowley, retired Navy captain and deep sea diver, told me about a project that she was working on through the Navy Diver Foundation. This project was conveyed to her by retired bosom mate and Purple Heart recipient Keith Reyes. Do you see how the divers stick together? She explained they were creating a justification package to award the prisoner of war medal for the sacrifice of the divers during the TWA hijacking and for their time in captivity as hostages. We brainstormed a few courses of action trying to figure out how to fast track the packet for approval. And I'll leave that part out of the story. But thanks to the diligence of the Secretary's staff, we are here today for this ceremony. What a thrill to be included in a project to honor our own divers. An opportunity to give back to the team members who suffered so much. A chance to honor the family whose son gave his all. I salute these Navy divers and these Navy CVs. Ladies and gentlemen, it is now my honor to introduce Rear Admiral Kate Gregory, United States Navy Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, and the Chief of Civil Engineers. Good morning, Secretary Mavis, the men of Underwater Construction Team 1, Debt, November, Mike, 85, and their families. Admiral Morneau, Admiral Fowler, Admiral Morton, Admiral Drennan, Admiral Nash, Admiral Boone, Admiral Wagner, Admiral Yabbar, Captain Schatz, distinguished friends, veterans, service members serving today in uniform and past and present. Thank you all for being here today. This is indeed a momentous day. As Admiral Erb said, today we are really recognizing a unique group of men, unique from many ways, unique because they chose to serve their nation, unique because they chose to serve in the Navy, unique because they endured the rigorous training to be Navy divers, that elite group, and unique because they also chose to be CB divers, Underwater Construction divers. Let me give you a brief history of the CBs. It is short because the CBs are a tiny part of our Navy and a relatively new part of our Navy. CBs were established in the Second World War because our nation knew that there was a need for a unique capability, and so that those men were trained to be able to fight on those battlefields of World War II and the Atlantic in the Pacific, and they earned that reputation for can-do and we build, we fight, and they were trained for that particular battle, and their icon is Ben Morrell, Admiral Morrell, who is the father of the CBs. That tradition carried on through Korea and Vietnam, and in Vietnam those battlefields were Southwest Asia, and that icon is a pediaf from Marvin Shields and CB Team 0411, and they were able to fight that fight because we prepared them for that environment, that special skill they needed to fight the communist threat. But the men we're honoring today were not well prepared because we did not understand what that enemy was or what that battlefield was going to be. Those brave men instead displayed the honor, the courage, and commitment then that all of our sailors and officers aspire to demonstrate today. They showed honor in the spirit of our nation. They showed courage in the face of that tremendous strain placed on them while they were held hostage, and they were committed to fight, to fight together for their team, for their mission, and for their nation. That is the kind of dedicated service that we are here to honor today, and so does my privilege to introduce our guest speaker, who really exemplifies also that dedicated service. We're fortunate today indeed to have Secretary Mavis because he knows the CBs well, having served as the governor of the great state of Mississippi. He understands naval service, having served as a naval officer. He understands the international community and our commitment to our partner nations, having served as the ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and he understands what it is to lead our military, serving as the 75th Secretary of the Navy. Please join me in welcoming Secretary Mavis. Thank y'all all, and forgive me for wearing a coat in here. I'm from Mississippi. This time in April is not supposed to be this cold. So Admiral Kate Gregory, Admiral Martha Herb, thank you for, thank you all for being here to mark such a special, if long overdue occasion. Thank you, retired Captain Bobby Scully and Commander George Seltzer for getting this ball rolling for your letters to me to urging that this be done. And most importantly, thank you to the many friends and family who loved and supported these courageous men through the terror they withstood and beyond. Through the many years, they all continue to serve our country with loyalty and humility. I'm proud to be here with you today to honor such bravery and such service. Today, images of extremist violence and atrocities of groups like ISIS and Al Qaeda dominate our news. Young men and women joining our Navy and Marine Corps today have grown up in America with this new adversary, undefined, extremist, vicious, unconventional. What we know now that we didn't know on the morning of June 14th, 1985, is that we had entered a new era, both of peacekeeping and warfighting, that would fundamentally change how we train and how we operate. Stuart Dahl, Tony Watts, Geoffrey Endes, Kenneth Bowie, Clinton Suggs, Robert Stendham, all first and second class petty officers got on a plane for home that was hijacked by the extremist network Hezboi. What they endured on board that plane for the next 24 hours and in captivity for the 17 days that followed is a suffering that only those few who've shared similar experiences can ever fully comprehend. These six then young CVs never exposed to this particular type of enemy action, conducted themselves, dignity and courage in the face of immense brutality. To lose a friend, a shipmate at any time is terrible and heartbreaking. But for the five men here to watch an enemy take the life of their countrymen, their fellow CV Robert Stendham. This was before being taken captive, rendering that time for them even crueler as they were forced to swallow their grief, faithful and maintain the faithfulness we've come to expect from a U.S. service member. And in this, they never faltered. When I talk about the Navy and Marine Corps, I talk about our presence around the globe, around the clock. As America's away team, our sailors and our Marines are in the right place all the time, providing our nation's leaders with options, times of crisis, equally, in times of peace and war. And our ability to provide that presence is built on four fundamentals, people, our sailors and Marines, platforms, power and partnerships, our strong relationships around the world. But people come first for a reason. Our sailors are the life force and the energy that drive the Navy and opportunities like today to recognize that unique Navy, that unique American spirit fills us all with immense pride. And one of the ships providing that global presence today is DDD 63, the USS Stendham. In the first year of our service, Stendham earned the U.S. Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation Medal for search and rescue efforts for survivors of an Air Force C-130 down off the coast of California. A ship's namesake imbues that platform, its crew, its mission with its spirit. And the Stendham is a great, great example of that. Destroyers are named for people who have displayed great valor. And although Petty Officer Robert Stendham is not here to receive the medal today, the ship that bears his name will continue to honor his memory and his heroism for decades to come through the sailors who have served and will continue to serve aboard that great ship and through all who come in contact with the ship. Now this award was not authorized at the time of the tragic event, and so it is far, far past you. Every one of you five went on to serve the Navy for many years after this awful event. Through those years you served honorably and helped shape the young men and women of the fleet that we have today with exemplary nature, with the exemplary nature in which you have the worst of times. I'm privileged to be able to present this medal to each of you so that you know the Navy recognized the courageous action you took almost 30 years ago. But also, so Americans everywhere are reminded of exactly who the brave men and women of their Navy and Marine Corps are that defend their freedom and exactly what the cost of that defense looks like to the parents of Robert Stendham. Thank you for bearing this loss and in the words of Lincoln for laying such a costly sacrifice on the altar of freedom. Thank you all for your distinguished service, both in June 1985 and in the years that followed. From me, from the Department of the Navy, and from the people of this nation, you are the epitome of super force forever courageous. Ladies and gentlemen, please rise as the prisoner of war medal is read. From Secretary of the Navy to engineering aid, first class diver, Stuart Dahl, construction electrician, first class diver, Tony Watson, equipment operator, first class diver, Jeffrey Ingalls, steelworker, second class diver, Kenneth Bowen, construction electrician, second class diver, Clinton Suggs, steelworker, second class, diver, Robert Stendham. I'm pleased to inform you that I have approved the prisoner of war medal for your detainment during the hijacking of TWA flight 847 in June 1985. Although this recognition is very late in coming, it is truly deserved. By all counts you and your fellow sailors demonstrated courage and fortitude under extreme conditions and this medal represents our nation's gratitude for the sacrifices you made. Thank you for your dedicated and honorable service to the Navy. Sincerely Ray Mabus, Secretary of the Navy. Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. As the Secretary of the Navy presents the prisoner of war medal to the five surviving members of Underwater Construction Team 1, Detachment November, Mike, 85, and to the parents of Petty Officer Robert D. Stetum. Commander George H. Seltzer, United States Navy, retired. The former commanding officer of Underwater Construction Team 1 will read the names and remarks about each sailor as he comes forward for his award. Engineering aid, first class, diver, Stuart L. J. Dahl, United States Navy. Dahl's highest detain rank at retirement was Lieutenant C.E.C. U.S.N. Dahl is a native of Thief River Falls, Minnesota, and entered the U.S. Navy in October 1974. As an enlisted man, he served with N.M.C.B. 133 at Gulfport. He served three tours with U.C.T.1. He was selected as sailor of the year for the Atlantic Fleet Seabees in 1985. He earned the rank of Chief Petty Officer in 1985, and he received a commission as Limited Duty Officer, Anson, in the Civil Engineer Corps in 1986. As an officer, he then was assigned to N.C.T.C., Port Juanimi, to the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, also in Port Juanimi, Marine Corps Base Camp, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and finally, to the Naval Security Group activity, Sugar Grove, West Virginia, where he retired in 1997. E.A.1. Dahl was held by the Amal Militia in Beirut for 19 days. Construction electrician, first class diver, Tony D. Watson, United States Navy. Watson's highest detain rank at retirement was C.W.O.3, C.E.C. U.S.N. Watson, a native of Hickory, North Carolina, entered the U.S. Navy in April 1978. As an enlisted man, he served one tour with N.M.C.B.1. Completed Navy Diver Second Class Training at Harbor Clarence Unit 2 in Little Creek in 1981. He served two tours with U.C.T.1, one tour with U.C.T.2. Shore Duty Commands included C.B.U. 418, Bangor, Washington, and N.C.T.C. in Port Waniemi. He was commissioned Chief Warrant Officer in May 1992. He served as Operation Officer for U.C.T.1 and U.C.T.2 and Delta Company Commander at N.C.T.C. C.E.1. Watson was held by the Amal Militia in Beirut for 19 days. Equipment operator, First Class Diver, Jeffrey J. Engels, United States Navy. Engels' highest attained rank at retirement was EQCM, C.B. Combat Warfare Specialist, Master Diver. Engels entered the Navy in July 1978 and attended basic training at Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes. His Sea Duty Command assignments included Naval Station 8ack, Alaska, and three tours with U.C.T.1. His Shore Duty assignments included Commander Naval Construction Battalions Atlantic, U.C.T.1, and the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center in Panama City, Florida. He retired from the Navy in July 1998 as Command Master Chief of U.C.T.1. B.O.1. Engels was held by the Hezbollah in Beirut for 19 days. Steelworker, Second Class Diver, Kenneth M. Bowen, United States Navy. Bowen's highest attained rank at retirement was C.U.C.M. Diver. Bowen, a native of St. Petersburg, Florida, joined the Navy's delayed entry program in December 1978, while finishing his senior year in high school. His active duty assignments included Amphibious Construction Battalion 1 and U.C.T.1. He then left active duty and transferred to the Naval Reserve Force, assigned to a RNMCB-14 detachment in St. Petersburg, Florida. Bowen transferred to the Naval Diving and Salvage Unit 2 detachment at Mayport Naval Station in Jacksonville in 1986 and remained a member of that unit until his retirement in April 2004 as the Command Master Chief. SW2 Bowen was held by the Amal Militia in Beirut for 19 days. Construction electrician, Second Class Diver, Clinton L. Suggs, United States Navy. Suggs highest attained rank at retirement was C.E.1. C.B. Combat Warfare Specialist, Diver. Hailing from Elkhart, Indiana, Suggs joined the Navy in October 1980, reporting to basic training in San Diego, where he was recognized as an outstanding recruit. After completing his first duty assignment at the Public Works Department Naval Facility, Argencia, Newfoundland, Canada, he briefly transferred to St. Nicholas Island, California before enrolling in Second Class Dive School in 1984. Upon graduation, Suggs was assigned to UCT-1, where he served until 1994. He was then assigned to PWC Pearl Harbor, where he received the Sailor of the Year Award. He returned to UCT-1 for his final tour before retiring in November 2000. C.E.2 Suggs was held by the Amal Militia in Beirut for 19 days. Steelworker, Second Class Diver, Robert D. Stiedem, United States Navy. Stiedem, a native of Waterbury, Connecticut, entered the U.S. Navy in May 1981 and attended basic training at Recruit Training Command Great Lakes. His C-Duty assignment included multiple deployments to Guam, San Diego Garcia and other locations with NMCB-62 and UCT-1. His personal awards included the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart. You all know the story. Robbie was brutally murdered on 15 June 1985 by Hezbollah terrorist on TWA Flight 847 while returning from a diving assignment in Nehomakri, Greece. Only a month earlier, Master Chief Joel Earholzer and I accepted a challenge by Robbie to a swimming contest across Frederickstead Harbor and St. Croix Virgin Islands. When we were deployed on a diving job, youth won the day, I'm sad to say. Do honor Rob for his duty, honor and courage. The U.S. Navy named, Aegis Destroyer, the USS Stiedem, DDG-63. Rob's parents, Patricia and Richard, are accepting his award today. Ladies and gentlemen, please rise for the benediction and remain standing for the departure of the official party. Chaplain Smith will now give the benediction. Let us pray. Guys, we depart this hallowed ground and return to our daily lives. May we be stirred to reflect in our own lives those qualities we have honored here with resolute fearlessness and an uncompromising valor. It's in your very strong name that I pray.


The last thing I am going to show you today is that we also have new endpoints for retrieving tracker data and that is a very simple demo and the reason for having this other endpoint is mostly that there is some changes to how this payload looks, there is some changes to the format, so if you are integrating with the new endpoint then you should go here and oops, let me see, you should use the new endpoint which is also under tracker, track entities and ID, so this is the payload that will match the one you need to send in when registering new track entities to the new tracker input and just reiterating this before I give the word to the next speaker, the new endpoint is mostly released into 36 so that you can integrate with it and start trying it, it is faster, it has more functionality and it is more maintainable into the future, so this is the endpoint that will be the one that we should use for tracker data in future releases.


How about some hockey? BSU women in an exhibition tonight against the Korean national team. Beavers with a ton of scoring chances. First period, this one on the power play. Abby Holuska takes it to the doorstep but the Korean goalie makes the stay. Stays scoreless to the very end of the period and I mean very end. One of those talked about tailed and freshman. Paige Beebe with three seconds left. She knocks it in, gets BSU on the board. They would go on to win this one. Five, nothing, the final will be back at the ice a week from Friday against Sarah Cusen. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Welcome to the Allied Vision Boost. This is our Toradex partner. The camera is getting more and more important and we partnered up with Allied Vision to have a really great out-of-the-box experience if you're interested in cameras which are really industrial like many of our customers need. And John Pitchin will talk a little bit more about our collaboration and their offerings. Yeah, so we are very happy to partner with Toradex on this Starter Kit which we have just released which is available. And yeah, a bit more about our collaboration. We work with Toradex by supporting their Apali series and we'll expand it to other series in the future. We have our LVM camera series which you can see in a big model here on the booth. It's based on an ASIC design which we've done ourselves and it has a CSI2 interface and what's special about it by integrating just one driver in your BSP you can support all the camera models which are available with Elvium. So that's currently I think 15 different camera models which are available. Monochrome color, different sizes, different resolutions, different frame rates. And yeah, we're very happy to show you. Yeah, let's have a closer look at what's in the box. It's not the final box, right? Yeah, so in the box we have our camera, a lens for the camera, a power supply, the Apali's module from Toradex and the Xora carrier board, then a camera stand and an accessories kit and also some cloud voucher for the AWS cloud. So with this you really have a good starter kit to do AI on the edge. And yeah, let's have a look at the camera. So that's actually the camera. You connect the lens, you can use any lens you want and here in the back you have a CSI2 connection and you can see our Elvium technology ASIC which integrates the sensor front and the image processing library and different back ends here showing the CSI2 version. Alright, can you describe more allied vision, the speciality? Yeah, so allied vision is really an industrial camera manufacturer. We come from the industrial space. Our cameras are found in many factory automation applications. So many inspection machines, many measurement machines but we're actually in a lot of different applications. You usually don't see the camera but it's necessary for automated production and IoT. Do you have some examples of it there? Yeah, we have here really our ecosystem which we support which of course one of the supports is with the Toradex module which we show here. We have an S-mount lens on our camera. This is a 5 megapixel camera just streaming data and I think it's very impressive how small the whole system can be including the camera and the whole embedded board. And a lot of other solutions here? Yeah, we do support different... So we have a whole ecosystem and what's really important is that our driver which is unique for one architecture it supports all the camera modules. Just one driver and all the camera modules are supported no matter what resolution, frame rate or even camera lens mount you want to use. And it's a busy show, not of discussions you have? Yeah, actually we are very happy about the show and the interest especially in the Starter Kit and our collaboration with Toradex so yeah, there's been a lot of interest and we look forward to a lot of exciting applications. Hi, I'm Sebastian from Allied Vision, I'm a technical lead here and I want to give you more insights about the Allied Vision platform concept. Here you can see a bareboard version of the Allied Vision Allied Vision camera series in the front, the image sensor, in the back, our chip, the Allied Vision ASIC. We are capable of connecting MIPI CSI 2 or USB3 there both are bareboard versions and what's nice about this is that we have a modular system starting from hardware up to software. Here you can see a close housing USB version so customers can select different mounts like C-mount, S-mount or even bareboard versions or open housing and can stay with their pinning since it's always the same. This goes up to software where they can use the same drivers and in the end they can spare many efforts. So for the industrial, for the embedded market it's a lot to do with reliability, long term like using it for a very long time. What are the other considerations and do these kind of products? Initially we are a machine-bidding manufacturer for industrial cameras so industrial grade is a big topic. What we can bring here is industrial sensors which are integrated into the IBM cameras. So usually you have an image sensor which you connect directly to your embedded board but this comes with lots of efforts. You have to write all the drivers for each sensor. For example if you take a Sony sensor it's a completely different story than conferring on semi-lower resolution for example. And we take that over. Customers can stay with their design, hardware design and can stay with the same drivers and when they're not sure which sensor is the right choice for them they can try out a cheaper one, low resolution one and later exchange it with a high resolution Sony sensor for example. How high resolution do you get? And also there's a lot of new things with the AI that allows for a whole bunch of new sensing happening through the camera that maybe before was not really thought of and now if you plug it into some really cool new boards you can do a whole bunch of new things, right? That's right. Deep learning is a very interesting technique which came up a couple of years ago and there's a huge variety of applications or problems you can solve with deep learning and there again we come into play doing the right image processing preparing the image that the deep learning network has less to do or less calculations to do. I think it's very important that you prepare the image right so that your inference time running the trained network is much lower.