Hello students! In this video I'm going to tell you about referencing. Ok, keep awake, it's not that bad and good referencing will mean you get a good grade in your ELC and other PolyU subjects. So pay attention. In the video I'm going to cover types of sources, avoiding plagiarism and turn it in and referencing styles. Ok first, some definitions. What is a citation and what is referencing? A citation, the verb is site, is a summary or a paraphrase or a quotation and a reference in your work of a published or unpublished source. Referencing is clearly acknowledging the source of the information you use in your academic work. We need to do both, citing and referencing. I have a question, what are the advantages of citing? Pause the video and write down some ideas now. Ok, here are the main advantages. How many did you get? Did you write down any that are not listed? If yes, maybe they're still correct. Ask your teacher in the next class. So now, what kind of different sources can you use? Where can you find the information to support your points in your essay? Again, pause the video and write down some ideas. Ok, so here's a list of possible ideas. By organisations I mean NGOs such as Greenpeace. So a long list, which are more reliable and which are less reliable? Ok, we want you to use sources such as journals, books, government websites, organisations. These are more reliable. Sources such as Wikipedia are not reliable. Anyone can edit it, so don't use it as a source in your essay. But you can use it to find other sources. Ask your teacher how, if you're not sure. Newspapers, they're ok, but don't overuse them. Talk to your classmates and teachers about the other sources. Do you think they can be used or not? Next, the library. The PolyU's library is great. Make sure you use it. Ask the librarians for help. They want to help you, but if you don't ask, they cannot help you. Use the one-search tool and go to the library workshops to find out more. Ok, next, plagiarism. What is it? Here's a definition from a dictionary. It means you're copying work and pretending it is your own. So don't do it. How can you avoid it? You need to get into the habit of noting down everything you read or look at and then remember to cite these sources if you use them in your essays and other work at university. You get credit for citing and referencing, so don't worry too much about your number of references. If there are too many, your teacher will tell you. Next, turn it in. Ok, it's not there to punish you and it can help you write a better essay. In ELC subjects, you are allowed to see your Turn It In originality report and then edit your essay and resubmit. So, this allows you to write a better essay. But to do this, you must submit early. If you wait until the last minute to submit, there's no time for you to edit and revise your essay. So submit early. First draft a week or more before the deadline. Finally, referencing styles. In the ELC, there are two main styles. If you are studying engineering, use IEEE. If you're doing other subjects, use APA. If in doubt, ask your teacher. Ok, in the text of the essay, IEEE uses numbers while APA uses years. In the reference list, IEEE is numbered while APA is alphabetical. Please do look at the referencing guides on the ELC website. It's easy to get right and correct references mean a higher grade. So good reason to get it right. So that's it from me. Hope referencing has not been too bad. Remember, enjoy your time at PolyU.


Welcome back to the Sports Mag Zone. We continue to relive some of the top moments from the 51st Carrifter Games. Trinidad and Tobago's Jeneda Gans walked away with the prestigious Austin Celia Award at the end of three gripping days of track and field in Grenada. The Austin Celia Award is presented to the most outstanding performer at the Carrifter Games. The Gans leapt to a Carrifter record of 6.50 meters on her first attempt to win the under-20 girls long jump. The mark also placed her at number three in the world in the under-20 category. The Gans joins us and of course she joins sprinter Darryl Brown, two-time winner, middle distance runner Gavin Nero and hurdler and current team manager Jehu Gordon as Trinbegonian star won the Austin Celia Award. Jeneda Gans joins us now via Zoom to talk about her success. Jeneda, welcome to the Sports Mag Zone. How are you? I'm good. How are you? I'm doing fine and I'm so happy that of course you and Trinidad and Tobago, sweet Trinidad and Tobago, now has that Austin Celia Award. Yes, it's really a pleasure to be given this award, being the only female from Trinidad and Tobago to receive award. It's really, I'm just in awe at the moment. Yeah, talk to me though about just your overall experience at the Carrifter Games.  Honestly, I haven't sit back and thought about anything. I think I would take this week to actually sit back and reflect on what I did over the weekend. But you know, my first Carrifter game, I remember, my first Carrifter game, I remember that I didn't matter individually and I was heartbroken, you know, I bore my eyes out, but I used it as a motivation in my second Carrifter game, which was in Bahamas. I wanted the gold medal, I didn't get the gold medal, it comes second.  Janne, and I know it's not only because, one, you cried, and two, you said, alright, I'm doing this. Talk to me about the work that went into Genetic Games, breaking these records, and of course, walking away with the top player.  What did she say? I'm sure she's so happy that you went to Grenada, and you came back as a champion. Of course, of course. I made up my mind. Yeah, really good stuff from you. Where in Trinidad and Tobago are you from, and what school do you attend? Well, I'm originally from Tobago, but I'm not sure what Tobago people are from. But I attend Bishop Antsley High School, Pottersville. Okay, very, very good, Lance. Yeah, I want to ask you quickly, Janay, about your earlier years in track and field, because I remember you winning awards from, you know, a long time ago. I think there was an under-12 award that you had won from the N3As when you were probably in primary school. Can you take us back to those years, and if you, at that point, had seen yourself achieving what you have now? Yes, I have. I always trust in myself. As I said earlier, I have the support from my family, and my family always makes sure that, you know, I'm good, I'm comfortable, and I want to make sure that I achieve great stuff. Yeah, and, you know, we always say that long jumpers need to be fast, and there are a lot of good sprinters who are excellent long jumpers as well. So your background not only is in long jumping, although you excel there, but how much has sprinting and track running assisted in your long jump development? It might really help me, because I do both 100 and 200 meters, but this year I decided to do the long jump alone, but my coaches, you know, always use speed, help me with speed work, and help me, which helped me still get off, run on the track, run on the runway, and yeah. During out at Tobago's Metal Hall this year was pretty solid at the Carifter Games. In the past decade, there's been some years when TNT's Metal Hall dropped below, you know, what track and field fans in TNT and outside of TNT would have expected. How do you feel about the current state of track and field in the country and its ability to get back to its best years? I feel really great because this year Carifter Games, you are looking to be the record of 14 medals, but you only got it 27, but I'm so proud of the team. We have a lot of great athletes in TNT and Tobago, just that we need to develop properly, and I think once we get proper programs and the support, of course we will be able to, you know, hopefully get closer to Jamaica some way, some how in the future, but does it hope? Yeah, talk to us about your team manager, Jehu Gordon, because he was an Austin Seal award, Sealia award winner himself back in 2010, and I gather that he played a really key role in motivating your team and, you know, inspiring the athletes. Can you say something quickly about the impact that your team manager, Jehu Gordon, a former world champion as well, has had on this TNT Carifter team? You always make sure that you are comfortable. You always ask, you know, if it's anything you all need, and if it's anything we need, you always surprise, and he just was like a father figure to those that, you know, who don't have that father figure in their life, and he always encourages and motivators as a team. So I shout out to Jehu Gordon for the support that he's been giving us thus far. You just mentioned earlier on trying to eventually challenge Jamaica, who have been dominant for decades at the Carifter Games. Can you talk to us about the atmosphere at the Games and how challenging it is as a TNT athlete and even, you know, the other athletes from Guyana or Bahamas and so on in trying to fend off this Jamaican train, if you might call it that? First of all, you must trust in yourself because I trust in myself to go out there and bring home the gold medal.  Just stay patient and just remember what is your reason, what is your purpose in coming out there. And I think once you just stay focused, you'll be able to defeat anyone. Yeah. Janay, I'm so impressed with you, which is why I would have asked you about the school that you attend, because I think that always has a very big part to play in any person's development. That's the reason I asked that question. You know, we here at Sportsmax were really, really proud, because, you know, of course, there's a lot of questions as to should the award have gone to Janay or should it have gone to somebody else? They'll always be at that discussion. But can you respond to that if I were to ask you, just to the people that are saying maybe you shouldn't get that award? I believe that is the award. There were many great... there were many great athletes that performed great on the weekend. I must say kudos to them. But, you know, I really came out there and pushed myself on the first jump, you know, a jump, 6.5-year break in a record. Yeah.  I went up injuries, back-to-back injuries, leading up to character gains. But I put all that aside and, you know, make sure that, you know, that I come out there and do my country justice, you know, bringing the first gold medal to Trinidad and Tobago individually and making my team know that, you know, as the captain, you know, leading examples for the rest of the team, team Tobago medals as well. And that same day, we got three gold medals on the last day. And also, as I just believe, you know, this is the award, you know, coming in four by four relay. I wasn't supposed to run, but I was feeling really sick. My head was hurting. And I said, Johnny, do this for your team as a team captain. Put everything aside and just run for Trinidad to be gone. Yes, I believe I deserve the award.  We wish her a speedy recovery and we wish you the best of luck for the remainder of the year. And the World Juniors is coming up. That would be on your plate as well. So all the best to you and your family. Thank you. Take care, Johnny. Well deserved and congrats. You really deserved it. Thank you. Take care. All right, Johnny. The Gans Day, of course, the Austin Sealy Award winner. She had a stellar Carrifter performance and of course we continue to, you know, follow her career as she grows from strength to strength. We're going to take a quick break. We'll be right back.


Hello hi hi welcome back on the Charles the French channel. It's been a while since we saw each other We've had a great year 2019. We did many videos. We did all the stuff So in this video, let's take a look back at everything we did and what we've been up to Yeah, I told them that What are you doing in my place? Oh? Would you like to join this video? I'm not really ready for that. Ah, right Can I do something first before we start?  Don't don't do that. It's very delicate All right You're a fan of music and right now they're about to discover your actual taste I want your actual two favorite albums your actual two favorite ones those that make you go like When I drink some piss, okay, okay, too, right? Yeah, do you know the EDM DJ called Griffin? Yes, so he has a new album called called gravity. You guys are really checking out. It's Fantastic, is it the album that you always play every time I don't ask for it? Yes. Yes. It's good. It's good. Actually another one is slipknot's new album Slipknot yeah, slipknot for those who you don't know. I'm actually a metalhead really good album. How about you Charles? Okay, let me think. Okay, I'll go with the Mika's new album. It's called. My name is Michael Holbrook Okay, who's who's Michael Holbrook him the other one is a Avicii right the songs that he worked on before he's passing avicii's Puskermis album Puskermis. Okay. I don't know how you pronounce it. Me neither So we went on tour we did went to Cambodia. Did you like Cambodia? I love Cambodia. We went to Myanmar You like anymore. Yes, we went to Malaysia. You like Malaysia. Yes, we went to the Philippines Do you like the Philippines? Yes, sir. We went to Singapore. Did you like Singapore? Yes, sir We went to Vietnam. I love Vietnam. We went to India We absolutely loved India and finally went to Nepal where you got this yeah, he forced me to buy one Yes, I did now I can mix my omelettes. We have more touring planned for 2020 Nothing's confirmed again, but we're gonna go back to India because there are a few cities that we haven't done and then that's it I'm currently writing a new show and that should be done for the end of 2020 So hopefully touring the new show in November or December 2020 You know having this this part of the couch here really doesn't give me a space at all There you go. Can you put the couch back today? Yeah, sure You're so annoying so far so good You're thin enough, it's okay We released 30 skits. That's pretty much like 30 per day The flaw with this joke and it's not funny. It's just a flaw here We're going to right choose our 10 favorite videos that we did in 2019 okay this we didn't talk about we did not talk about it because I just thought of it now Okay, that's what I'm going for so I have to pick one of the videos that we did the study I need to choose pretty much five each. There's no particular ranking to this. No, there's no ranking I'll go with how songwriters make top hits. Yeah, dude.  I Love this video because of the comments section.  It's probably it's probably job. Were we disrespecting anyone? No, everyone. I treat with one Hello, please It's tough honest airplane announcements In case the oxygen mask are deployed be aware that we didn't put oxygen into them. So it's literally just a plastic bag Lol, it was written when we won tour. We wrote it on our way to Malaysia So we wrote this on the plane we wrote this on the plane and we filmed it on our way to the Philippines I like a lot because when I was younger, I always like to do accents I'm one of the accents that I really like doing was the airplane the captain announcement Ladies and gentlemen Step next when your girlfriend sees your ex. It's good that you girls can talk to each other without getting mad You guys liked it because the final scene which is a kissing scene plus a proposal But a different kind of proposal no spoilers. You gotta go watch it. All right So what's my second if I had three wishes? I want to be super strong. Ah Lift buses lift houses, right? No, there's this one jar. I can't open in the kitchen So it would just be for this one jar Charles watched Aladdin I did not yeah I watched it and I said we gotta make something about it. I thought I was like, hey, we gotta have a cheap genie I don't know if you guys saw but with the microphone It's the weirdest mind in the middle of the turban turban. There's a towel turban the towel Towel when you really want to be in a video with Nass daily Hey, everybody, my name is Nass from Nass daily and I'm out to Jason to all my bros in the city And to all my family. Okay, you include that too. That's it. Yeah, thanks I still can't believe that he agreed to be part of this video. Thank you again Nass if you're watching this much I don't think you are because who watches that if you're watching this you're weird and you should stop right now Are you still here? Cool. You guys really liked it because of that as final accent the accent at the end Oh, I did a tie accent, right? You did a weird tie accent, right? Right?  How about chocolate? Where's my gum? I'm allergic to chocolate. Where's my gum? Where's my gum? And we have our good friend Patrick couldn't you can check out his channel This is a shameless plug for Patrick couldn't actually I want you to check out all the YouTube channels that were ever created because they all deserve it Okay, going next one hotel upgrades you Oh a TV to Netflix and show by myself Oh a small table to Netflix and show by myself I was traveling in Hanoi to do I was doing a show. It was not part of the tour But I was doing like another show the hotels for some reason gave me this really nice hotel room the upgrade of you Right, they upgraded me. What are you doing there? Look that video got so many views on Facebook many of you in Hanoi shared the video I saw a few hate comments about people saying hey this guy heading on the room No, I'm not actually really loved the room But again, I always believe that if you really love something like a little too much you should make fun of it Yeah, it's like how we really love Apple products, especially Charles would be part of it Yeah, matter of fact, I just learned recently that the staff of the hotel saw the video and they found it funny So thank you guys. You guys are great. Next video really liked how movies are written. Oh, it was really fun I mean, there's many puns and many things that we did for the videos Disney at this that's the pun that's the point of the century stupid ouch my knee which knee Disney It might turn to choose the last one It's hard. It's what she said during the exam. Yes, that she was in front of the exam paper It's hard and then she was like, it's hard. It's really hard. It's hard I'm gonna go with one that I don't think you expected that rude customer the third episode of our series called at the restaurant You got a coffin here. Where's your coffin best? Give yourself a coffin best It's the one that we filmed with Christopher Feisen the reason why I'm selecting this one It's because I don't think I've ever laughed that hard on set I couldn't hold my laugh when he was acting Last one, there's so many good ones. We haven't done anything bad this year. How would we have all the ones that you're in The last video I liked from 2019 is 23 last-minute Halloween costumes What are you doing? I run men This is part of the skit where we really had to go creative fun fact Do you know the final scene which is a Joker scene? Yes I dropped ketchup in my hand and then we added food colorants this thing took two hours to get off my face Oh, yeah, okay, so red because we take risks. Can we do honorable mentions? Let's do an honorable mention Okay, let's have one each for me honorable mention is Talking with a flat earth. I think that the earth is flat The reason why I put it as an honorable mention is because towards the end of the video you see Tara sitting on the corner of a building It's on the 16th floor.  I was actually scared for you I want to finish it fast that you could get up actually. I'm the one who took the risk here another honorable mention here types of magicians Types of magicians at the magic convention Any kind any kind of He's just for you is your life remember if you want if not We were able to collaborate with really famous magicians around the world It was really nice to meet them all in one city. We got to meet Eric Chen example world champion of magic 2018 and for some reason when he meets us.  And I think that's it. Yeah, that's it So guys, uh, we hope you guys enjoyed the videos that we've made this year in 2020 will most probably be doing more videos than we did in 2019 because in 2019 we're really busy with our touring You became a dad So that's it guys, thank you. Thank you very much guys get out of your place.  There you go. Thank you very much


Road infrastructure sustainability should prioritize equal treatment of all users and improve their quality of life through better mobility and traffic safety. To achieve this goal, designers must consider various factors such as traffic conditions, geometric features, and traffic volumes when evaluating alternative design criteria. In particular, the safety performance functions, SPF, tool can be used to estimate the expected crash frequency based on these variables. This study examined Medellin's crash records from 2012 to 2016 and found that certain types of intersections and traffic conditions were associated with higher rates of crashes resulting in property damage only, PDO, and fatalities slash injuries, FI. Additionally, T-junctions were found to be safer than four leg junctions, while right turns increased the likelihood of a collision resulting in FI. This article was authored by Victor Gabriel Valencia-Leix, Basilio Restrepo Betancourt, Christian Lizarazzo Jiménez, and others.