Okay, a very good morning Thursday 28th of November. Happy Black Friday That's a thing that I can say but in the briefing this morning going to talk about really two subjects from from my side the much and highly anticipated poll from you gov using their MRP model Which Boris Johnson is set to win the biggest majority in more than three decades We're gonna have a look at that pound higher this morning And then we're gonna look at the S&P 500 because indices have moved the opposite direction Quite a decent drop in US futures seen on the back of Latest developments where Trump has essentially given his backing and signed legislation Supporting Hong Kong protesters and that throwing into jeopardy then The likelihood of a phase one deal being concluded with the threat still remaining at this point of those Tariffs due to coming in two weeks time should we remain at an impasse in those negotiations? So they're two main things I'm going to talk about but before I do I did do a poll on our YouTube channel yesterday and Just wanted to clear up a few things one is if you ever or regularly watching these videos Well first of all, thank you very much for watching if you do do remember to subscribe to the channel But the other thing is and that we if you click on the description of the video We time stamp all of the different chapters of the different things We're talking about so if you ever just want to listen to what we say about Brexit or Trump or the technical analysis from Sam You can just click on that and drop down and click specifically on those areas So just to make life a bit easier for you guys Anyway, let's crack on and let's talk about first of all the charts this morning and what what are things looking like and Pretty quiet overall those two news items are really the definitive forces that are moving those respective asset classes at the moment so really the pound and US Index futures reflecting a little bit of risk off So gold up three bucks top right tea notes up three ticks bottom right and WTI crude moving to the downside at the moment Actually, in fact just touching fresh session lows as I'm speaking down 43 cents So coming in close proximity About 12 cents away from this s1 which would coincide with around the low point that we saw yesterday Following the oil inventories and the DOE when we move decidedly to the downside and the post kind of price action So a little bit risk off there But obviously the pound is one of which most people are looking at this morning if you're based in the UK Why well let's discuss that in a bit more detail. We had this big jump in price Last night because one of the major polls that came out was this If I transition my screens, this was the You remember this is one we've been talking about for a while. This is this MRP kind of methodology adopted by you gov who correctly identified the hung parliament situation of the 2017 election So a lot of people were looking with greater emphasis on this one I think the sample size that I read when I was looking at the details with a hundred thousand if you think about it the other Surveys that we've had typically averaged at around 1500 for a sample size the MRP model also Identifies different types of voters predicting their behavior Allowing you gov to work out how many of each of these voter types there are in each electoral district in order to produce a fairly detailed Forecasting for each individual unique constituency and what it came out with was this Boris Johnson is set for a 68 seat majority And that would be in fact on track for the biggest majority if that were to come true on December the 12th in three decades it put then them up 42 from their previous election and And in terms of the other performances labor then the specific numbers Tories 359 labor 211 S&P 43 Lib Dems putting in a shocker. I think that would be plus one So despite you know how popular they were you remember the polls before the election was called They were pretty much neck and neck with labor at one point And they were really trying to go after or labor was almost on the defensive if you'd like trying to hold on to a lot of There the voters that could have gone that way particularly on the issue of Brexit But so far that has severely backfired according to this data for the Lib Dems would be a massive blow for Joe Swinson who you would think Again, we could go through the conveyor belt of in the next Lib Dem leader if that was to be the end result But a couple of things I just wanted to comment first about the mechanics of how the pound reacted last night Then I'll give a bit of a view about what I think about these results So just go back to the pound chart a few thing few things here I wanted to have a look at and this was this is putting the sterling future on a one minute Now remember in terms of sterling futures, of course, the the market does shut for one hour So if you're looking at the spot obviously a little bit different and the thing though I wanted to draw attention to is this Price movement here now the pole did not come out until 10 PM and yet check this out this this candlestick here was at 954 hours at 955 6 7 8 9 into the close Now one thing that was happening if you were as I said, this was a highly anticipated pole So if you were Vigilant on Twitter This is definitely where if there is any rumor mongering going on prior to a big event It almost certainly comes from Twitter rather than traditional news wise who aren't allowed to report Unauthenticated kind of news. That's the beauty of social media in that sense and there was this guy Christian Calgy I'm not gonna say how you say his name precisely But he got retweeted. I mean, this is a guy who certainly I I don't follow I mean his his bio if you just went on that is a little bit suspect But he's connected to guide. Oh forks who anyone who follows UK politics. This is probably The most influential Political website, I mean these guys have got 300,000 followers They are basically they break all of the inside scoops when it comes to UK British politics and Guido forks Retweeted this and it came you can see here Almost an hour before the actual result came out and if you see what this chap said he said I'm hearing 211 for Labor predicted seats for the MRP you go off pole and then go back to the article What did labor get? 211 and so he then followed up There was a secondary tweet that this chap made that then got retweeted this one came out As well He was talking about the fact that Tories are heading for 50 plus and so on but right on the money now The question I want to cover here that I get is well, how tradable is this type of information and I'd say it's it's almost almost highly Untradable in that sense because if you were Looking at the market. I mean look look at the pound here. It's not moving at all But it doesn't move really if you know if there's a chap on Twitter who's I mean that Christian Has about 7,000 followers. So it's not a it's a decent amount, but not a great deal Guido forks though has over a quarter million So when that gets the retweet that's where the action happens because then it see it hits more eyeballs But if you were just gonna go blindly Just trusting what is a I guess a unqualified rumor then if you got long there, it would have looked great For a moment and then you would have been on side a decent 25 pips And then it just would have swung right back and you would have got stopped out And then it would have gone your way and then obviously the poll came out and we in the futures at least You know we gapped up to reflect some of that move But yeah, it would have been highly speculative trade and you're basically taking a bit of a punt on whether or not you want to Believe what's the rumors are saying so yeah, just interesting to see that price action You could have easily have got pulled into that. I think just going into it probably as well I mean if there's any intraday traders, probably liquidity is pretty bad. You're going into Thanksgiving People are not wanting to leave an open position on the back of that pole given it could have swung wildly in either direction And consequently the pound could have gone down as well as up to the tuner that has so that probably helped exacerbate some of that choppiness Having a look back at the chart where we are at the moment you can see bit of seesaw price action I mean we've kind of identified Sam will go over the technicals more. I'm sure about what he Views from the setup here, but you can see we gapped up came back down And it's kind of a traditional kind of technical play here with the Finding a bit of support on the initial on the futures at least where the market closed push back up back up to the original top And then we've come back down again There is at the top of this rectangle here if we start broadening broadening that price action out on the 120 You can see there's a descending trend line from mid-November encapsulating some of those Areas there that you've got the high on the 18th the 21st And that's kind of that triple top and where the markets reacted as well on the trend line It hasn't confirmed that break yet. Maybe just restricting some of the upside price action So that's yeah, again, I'll leave the rest to Sam on that fold, but Having a look at a few other things I wanted to mention This was Looking then at you gov model estimates About the Conservatives will gain a net 42 seats if an election were held today This is quite an interesting breakdown. It basically looks at the conservative margin by percentage points So here you can see Barrow and Furness Much higher looking at which is over 15 point majority So here these are ones of which I would view as you know kind of somewhat of a done deal What I'm more interested in and I thought was a very interesting statistic is that there's at least 30 seats of which the Conservatives have a less than 5% margin as what I was reading last night And so that for me spells although the headline would suggest a resounding victory for Boris Johnson There is still some of those within the kind of catchment area that could be susceptible to swings now one thing that I thought was quite telling and actually very Prudent was Dominic Cummings Dominic Cummings really has like a blog Website and he blogged yesterday, which was quite telling I thought and he said voiced his fears about Complacency now, I think that's a very strong move by Cummings because what this can lead to is A little bit of Theresa May 2.0 So what I mean by this is people hear a poll It's a resounding victory for Boris Johnson and all of a sudden Tory voters like they did with Theresa May Given a similar type of setup that the polls are indicating ahead of 2017 go Do you know what don't need to even bother Boris is going to walk it and by default then you're you've got and a Potential calamity on your hands as we saw in 2017 whereby Again literally complacency has led to that so Dominic Cummings rightly so as the conservative strategist has come out to try and Mitigate that head-on He basically said that a hung parliament remains a quote a real possibility So a lot of this I think it's just again tactical to cajole sentiment in order to keep These conservative voters engaged because every vote is going to matter in order to really see this come home Into what was reflective in the MRP poll now one thing with this MRP poll that I would like to add is that there was another poll that came out last night so even though of course the attention is on the MRP poll given its its Methodology, but the other poll was for comrades for the Daily Telegraph and that suggested Labour is narrowing the gap on the Conservatives with the Tories on 41% down one point from the weekend and Labour up two points at 34% at the expense of the Lib Dems who down on 13 So one thing to be clear here the size scope and complexity of the MRP poll is Backward-looking I've heard it's a couple of mixed reports between one to two weeks Whereas the groundwork the fieldwork done with the more recent polls is obviously capturing much closer sentiment so what I'm saying yesterday the MRP is Inflexible in its ability to capture any late swings or changes in sentiment and this Comres poll for the Daily Telegraph Fits the exact same narrative of what we've seen from all of the polls that have come out since the beginning of the week So what I'm saying is is that the MRP polls captured a moment in time which at that moment in time the Conservatives were Ramping ahead or romping ahead in every single poll that has changed So what I'd be more interested in is if MRP poll from you go if they rerun another one between now and Then two weeks time right before the election that would be way more interesting at that point I could I'd say you could be much more Strongly of belief that that would be the end outcome because two weeks obviously is an incredibly long time in politics and so Yeah, my initial view here if I'm talking purely on fundamentals kind of disregarding a little bit Some of the price action is sure short-term speculators have bumped the price higher But I think the market will be a little bit less assured to just power home The pound and get long on the fact that this is now a done deal and I still believe as I said yesterday that polls coming further forward will as the Comrades one has shown overnight continue to show this narrowing storyline and that I think is going to have to See the pound fade Going forward over the next two weeks. I still still maintain that view irrespective of the pop that we've had overnight Okay Final part on the Brexit side or two parts. One is this Following the result of that that poll last night BBC News are reporting that Labour is going to change its strategy with two weeks to go. So basically Insiders say in the first half of the election campaign a key error was that the Liberal Democrat threat has been Overestimated while the willingness of leave voters to switch from Labour to Conservatives was underestimated. So if you remember Can the Lib Dems was seen as an absolutely credible threat But as soon as the election has been called Liberal Democrat support has just tanked in the polls and Rather than focus head on the issue of Brexit, which has obviously been the objective of Boris Johnson Jeremy Corbyn's kind of been emphasizing different areas particularly on the NHS For example, but now given what we've seen from this poll where it's looking like Conservatives have been able to really target some of those Labour leave areas the Tactical switch now from Labour apparently for the next two weeks is going to be right Let's just let's just try to battle then these key areas on the issue of Brexit because it looks like Lib Dems are no longer a credible threat in terms of the referendum issue on the Brexit side about the remain and so on There are some more TV debates happening You do have tonight The one tonight's probably a little less impactful overall. It's the emergency on planet Earth the debate Then the more important one I'd say you've got the BBC election debate Which is happening tomorrow night so Friday night at 7 p.m. And then there's a few more to come before the actual day of voting So so five more in total as you can see there on that screenshot The other thing to mention on The macro side is we've had a dip in Global stock indices overnight in the Asia Pacific session That came after as you can see on your futures chart late yesterday Kind of commencement of the Asia session. US futures got hit. So let me just show you what that looks like Here's the S&P 500 future. You can see a Drop right on 11 o'clock as the markets Reopened we see we close from 10 to 11 in the futures as soon as it reopened We pulled back all of the gains that we're seeing in yesterday afternoons session So pull back off those all-time highs now. Why did that happen? Well, this is that that storyline That's being ongoing for a while some were perhaps a little bit Still open to the possibility that perhaps Trump didn't want to jeopardize the ongoing trade negotiations So despite the kind of bipartisan agreement in Congress to push forward pretty much unanimously support for the Pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong Donald Trump did in fact come through and sign that legislation in support And what's happened overnight the US ambassador? I think in in Hong Kong has been called to speak to Chinese officials Chinese officials have come out and threaten retaliation All of this of course is coming Just as they're about to sign a phase one trade deal So this new law passed expressing support US support for these Hong Kong protesters Does this put a bit of a spanner in the works for conclusion of these of this deal? Which obviously has been a key component of helping equities push up to these record high levels One thing I would say with the S&P, you know, let's not take it too far out of context Yes, we dipped a decent 10 points overnight, but I mean just look at how where we are in the longer term picture I mean here I think that technical chart on the dailies is quite telling because we are right bang on that trend line As you can see going back from what the major lie test the early November or mid-November test And then we're right back on the pullback to that level there at the moment So it's a pretty strong area of support that you've got there on a dailies around 41 And that would coincide with some of that price action that you can see here when you start Kind of zooming it down onto a more short time frame So yeah, again, it's kind of one of those where these push hires consolidation push higher consolidation I think that's still very much a Prudent kind of approach to these pullbacks. I still don't see what's happened as an overall Signal that we're in for a sharp correction in markets I think that move all in all is relatively small perhaps a bit reflective of the fact that a lot of American participants Of course out the market celebrating Thanksgiving So even if we did come back the point being I still think that The market is still in a phase of consolidation if anything, but a pretty solid support level there to keep an eye on Calendar for today. What have we got? so very much a morning-centric day And I would say a lot of the move perhaps has already happened So if you were in the market early then sure perhaps the best trades have already been done Roof my kind of digestion and reaction to the two events that I've said that have unfolded late last night Otherwise for this morning a couple of things you have had the first of the German state CPI's Saxony's come in minus 0.8 percent previously was plus point one The year-on-year that one point one against previous one percent So the other German state CPI's we coming out littered through the morning. I've had a headline out of North Korea While we've been delivering this briefing launched an unidentified projectile according to the Japanese Coast Guard It appears to be a missile according to Yonhap. I mean that sounds like pretty sensational But it did likely fall outside of Japan's exclusive economic zone So again, it's very interesting that as soon as Trump signs these deals as soon as the A trade war becomes looks a little less likely it's going to get done North Korea start firing missiles again So again for me it totally is in fitting with the North Korea Pickup in activity is directly correlated with putting a bit of pressure and leverage on this later situation on this this legislation Otherwise that's pretty much it you've got some 10 o'clock data which on your calendar looks pretty Important it's the kind of European suite of sentiment readings, but they very rarely have ever moved the market. So Perhaps just keeping half an eye on the German state CPI's would be prudent But otherwise there's nothing coming out in the afternoon, of course because of the holiday in the US The early closures so electronic trade is going to close early. So if you are trading equity Interest rate FX energy metal futures on globe X on the CME. They're going to close at six o'clock London time instead of the regular Regular 10 p.m. Close if you're in London CME pit nicey floor both closed today Speaker wise the early one really took out for a couple of ECB speakers later coer and ECB's lane late in the evening Okay, that is it from me. I Hope that was useful as I said remember just today and going forward in future We timestamp on YouTube all of the topics that we cover. So hopefully that makes life a bit easier for you guys watching in future All right. Thanks. Catch you later Hi guys. Good morning. Happy Thanksgiving To those out in the states of a quick look over the euro to begin with Before we talk about stocks and that RSI divergence, which is obviously the reason we've come lower Sam, I look at the euro and I was just iron up on my own charts I quite like the look of any sort of retracement a bit higher up today but given the The volume likely to be a bit lower whether we could get up towards the R1 area or not I'm not too sure but that is a as a general point. I do like the look of you've got maybe a tiny bit higher as well on Here looking 30 minutes one ten thirty-three. I've got the high from yesterday around 3 a.m. In that breakdown area I would like there. I would like it to come there for for a place to get short It's whether we can get up that Anytime soon. I think if today is going to be a case of waiting On your hands anyway and having a look at those lows You can see we've got a relatively well respected trend line which could potentially break later on and lead to a Move lower down. I think that's always something to to keep a watch on But yeah, if we can get up towards that point that'll be of interest just having a look before we were to get there You'd have to get through one ten twenty six, which was a good opportunity It has to be said yesterday You see we broke through and then came back to test it a couple of times Around seven and three o'clock course always looks easier in hindsight Having a look at this as a potential place to get short and then on the 240 just having a look here You can see obviously the significance of that failure to maybe close above Close below. I should say that that low that we had from the 14th. Just how significant will that be? Well, I've had the balls given it a go here and into the end of the week volume lower I'll be actually about to see a bit of a push on so where we close the week as we said Yes, so for the euro the pound and the Aussie on these or what were these lows will be obviously quite important A break of that one ten and then you are looking down to those October lows from the eight from the first Respectively for the euro for the pound, of course this time yesterday We were right on that low and it came down with the s1 Literally kind of when we were doing the briefing only to reverse and what will be will be for the rest of that day Or what will be what was I should say, but yeah this trend line holding things up You obviously got quite a bit of noise above if we were to break through the R1 and then each of those highs and of course that really Significant 130 which of course if we were to break that that point would be an area It could be attracted to I would say to the downside, you know looking for a better opportunity Better value to buy the pound today would be perhaps wise to go about it. Where could that be? Well 129 23 bit of resistance You can see was also on the 25th give or take a couple of ticks and obviously that initial high from yesterday before that spiked through Would also be you know that low the day so a bit of profit taking come in that could be a nice area to get in and Also the pivot if it was to come down even further, but by then, you know, that'd be a full retracement and more You'd have to start asking what's really going on if that's the case 129 23 a key line in the sand that you'd think the balls would want to protect the trend line to the top is definitely worth keeping an eye on As you can see that's already Circle and marked out having a quick look over at the Aussie We are as we put this onto a 240 you can see we have now closed well We're looking like we're going to close below that low the 14th and yesterday So how significant will this be the Aussie under some pressure? I would say we can now start to well, we've almost made through what would have been I suppose that first target the 16th 7am higher But then looking for that low which is down 67 36. So the Aussie has been drifted in lower We'll be keeping an eye on that. Obviously the negative trade comment overnight is not going to help And the fact that the S&P has been pushing higher and higher and higher of positive trade comments And the Aussie has done nothing Is a bit of a worry so any retracement back to that point today? I think it's definitely worth a go Unless trade comments were to suddenly turn around and get positive on Thanksgiving Maybe not the biggest surprise in the world if that was to happen pivot another key level and also that top of that range R1 so those would be the free key points to the upside that I would really be looking at for now trend line Seem a bit steep So yeah, that would be the focus. I'm gonna look over gold Hardly move really did it overnight. Let's be honest is it's not a massive move And actually to be honest the fact that we didn't quite get up to to test that Previous low of yesterday morning is quite key. I suppose we did really but 1464 point eight That's gonna be the key level to the upside before maybe getting towards that R1 and actually looking at the way Gold traded yesterday, albeit. Yes, you may have got Taken into a sort of a false break of that previous low actually reacted quite well and there's a couple of good opportunities So those previous areas of support and resistance or currently resistance would be where I'd be keeping an iron 14 64 point eight and 67 then to the downside Much like with the Euro and any of these markets that have just you know Been on a downtrend and starting perhaps to turn around over the last couple of days getting those trend lines on for Potentially bigger move and continuation might be The favorite choice, but right now You know with stocks coming down in the early morning You could be forgiven for maybe wanting a go at getting long above that 1464 point eight But overall this is still think about this recent trend in gold has been coming under pressure I'm gonna look over at oil DOE's. Yes, they Usual usual noise and we're still back into that That new range that we're on about we were talking about this yesterday How we were stuck in one for a couple of weeks looked like we finally broke out only to then get back involved In this area as well. Can we get out of it? I guess the the close of the week will be key But really is there gonna be that much volume heading in and just to reiterate up towards those highs today On the R1 is yesterday's high and it's top of that range and the low We almost getting down to the s1 But it was also to pretty much bang on the low the 22nd Those will be the key points if we lower it down to 15 minutes just above the pivot level is Gonna be an area of note the closing high yesterday also a bit of support yesterday 58 22 Would I be interested in anywhere other than that as it stands not really not unless Things started to pick up and not really expecting that to happen There you go. S&P come down. We broke through 31 50 on the one third time of asking Pushed higher made a new all-time high across the board only to come down very late on and I guess an opportunity if you're You know favoring this market to continue you'd be looking at 31 46 50 You see the amount of time to be have tested that I think you'd be quite brave to want to go short again There's a break of that to maybe target really towards 31 50 Could be a good opportunity to get four or so points looking at the the key low Let's call it the higher the 26th before the push through then the lows of yesterday You can just see how important a zone that is I think we could stay in that zone for for a while this morning just considering the overall volume as well would I Favour the long from around there again Maybe you'd want to see a bit of a five-minute close Above that area before getting in but certainly the range trade could be a better option looking to continue the overall trend Of this market. So those would be the key levels looking. Let's call it the bottom there 31 40 and then to the top 31 46 and a half as well any questions as usual, please do let us know worth noting the The low of yesterday for the Dax has provided some support And obviously we did get below her so anyone that trades the Dax obviously keeper and I on that as we know If we were to get maybe above the the higher of today You can see a further push higher the S&P then obviously breaks that that high as well So once a to keep an eye on the Dax's finally support on what's been a pretty key level the overall Lower part of that range still a fair bit below as well Hope you will have a good trading date and I'll catch you all in the chat


Who's ready for a good old in-depth eyeshadow tutorial? I get a lot of questions about the nitty-gritty of how I do my eyeshadows with tips and tricks I have, so I wanted to share that with you today A huge thank you to Bethalyn for sponsoring today's video I'm going to be sharing with you some of their eyeshadow palettes I'm excited to share these with you. I've been testing them, of course You guys know I would never take a partnership if I didn't enjoy the product And these I'm excited to share with you because they are affordable And they are stunning for those of you that are looking to play with color I think this is a really neat formula to try out So first let's take a look at the two eyeshadow palettes We will start off with the smaller one So this is the Bethalyn Smoky Rose Palette So it comes in this very sleek and quite weighty outer packaging If you need to take a look at anything on the back, it is right here And look how stunning this palette is So this is going to be for my neutral lovers You can even tell by the way that they look in the pan That these shimmers are going to be high quality They look super rich And the other palette that I'm going to talk about And this is going to be the star of the show today I plan on using this for today's look This is the Spice Palette And I know a lot of you are going to have fun with it The price for what you get in this is unreal Okay, pause I am going to not tell you the price right now Okay, I'm going to show you how it performs And then I'm going to tell you the price of these All I'm going to say is right now you're welcome I will be back to shock you Okay, let's go So I thought it would be fun to teach you guys how to do a colorful look Because this way you won't break the bank If you've been wanting to experiment with colors Let me give you a quick look I'll go more into depth in a second But this is what this one looks like Lots of color, lots of fun I think I'm going to start off by swatching the Smoky Rose For those of you that are neutral lovers I think you will enjoy this one One thing that I noticed with affordable palettes Sometimes the formulation can be chalky Not this at all Which you can see by the swatches How smooth everything is going I know this video is sponsored But I'm not just saying this you guys You see these shimmers These are performing like high quality shimmers So that is the rose palette Let's get into the big guy So for my color lovers or beginner to color This is the palette that I would recommend to you It really is just the best bang for your buck And when you open it, look at all of these options There is so many And it covers a lot of the color wheel here And something that I also just want to point out You can see these little divots here You can pull the eyeshadows out And mix and match with them how you want The rose palette also has this So if you want some more colorful shades in this palette If you happen to buy both You can put these colors in here And vice versa So you can DIY the palette Make it how you want I always appreciate that As somebody who has been a working makeup artist For the last four years Sometimes picking and choosing colors Is just more convenient So it's me, the fact that they offer this Again, it's a really high end experience So I'm shocked at how they keep the prices down Love that they add the little finger divots in here Taking a closer look at this palette There's something really unique here That I want to share with you If you look at the shade right here There is actually a primer A brand suggested that I try out this primer By putting the eyeshadow on top And giving it a waterproof test Okay, listen, just watch So the primer is really unique Having it there in the palette Not a lot of palettes contain that So on my demo I'm applying the primer to the top of my arm And I'm going in with the shade fire And I'm putting it below the primer So you can see the shade without a primer And then I am putting the shade fire On top of the primer And you can see the pigment With putting the eyeshadow over the primer I mean, the proof is in the pudding Now, I am spraying my arm with water, you guys And this part even shocked me I wasn't even lightly wiping I was wiping with water on my arm And you can see the shade without the primer underneath It's fading Whereas the shade with the primer underneath It's not budging I'm so impressed by this After using the eye primer Your eyeshadow can stay on for many, many hours I claim up to 24 I don't wear my makeup that long So I cannot confirm nor deny Now as you can see, it's waterproof I live in Miami I'm very sweaty I go in the pool All of that This is going to help ensure that my makeup Is not going to come off in these wet conditions This summer So I forgot to do live swatches Of the spice palette So I filmed this after the fact But I just wanted to show you how each of these shades swatched So you can get a better feel of the texture So we're starting off with the yellows And the greens in these swatches The shimmers are gifting They are swatching so nice And then here is a final look At the purple, pinky, blue section Which you guys know I'm definitely playing on this half Alright, guys Let's get these eyeshadows on my eyes I'm going to do one eye first So you can see what we're working with And I'll be back to show you how I did it So this look is very classically Morgan Okay, I love my purples My pinks and my blues So that is exactly what I wanted to do For today's look I love the layout of this palette That it is just a gradient style So for those of you who are getting into color And you aren't as experienced with color theory This does the work for you If you blend the pink and the purple together They're not going to get muddy If you blend the purple and the blue together They're not going to get muddy The blue and the green, et cetera, et cetera So if you always find that your shades get muddy This is a great guide to kind of help you So if you use the colors in the same row Or the same column, you're good to go I'm going to start off by going into Barbie right here Which is a nice light pink And I'm going to start this off In the inner half of my crease Just like so I always find pink to be A versatile transition color It blends well into a lot of shades So I tend to start off with a pinky-based shade a lot And I'm just going to copy what I'm doing with my crease On the lower lash line And I'm putting the pink in the inner third Of the lower lash line as well And we're going to come back And build this up periodically throughout the look So keep that brush beside you Taking color theory into consideration I'm going into the shade Lilac right here So we have a really nice pastel purple Pretty impressed with the pigment on this, right? Some shades like these can be hard to use But the proof is in the pudding This is just beautiful I'm going to pop that in the center of the lower lash line If I had it my way for today's look I would have just used the whole purple column But I wanted to show you a little bit Of how the colors worked And how they blended into one another And we're going to finish off with Sky Which is the light pastel blue And I'm going to press that And blend it out Because this is going to blend out Our outer corner color It doesn't need to be too intense But it's to help with our blending And also, surprise, surprise Pop it down here And then also you could work with this Not add too much depth And add like a pretty light pink All over to the eyelid And you could get a gorgeous Cotton candy style eye But this is a good start So if you're a beginner with colorful shadows We started with the lighter shadows first Because those are going to create a nice base For darker colors to blend on top of Which will be easier And it also makes the blend Look a little bit more professional Next up we're going into ocean right here I'm using ocean to add some depth To the look And a lot of palettes that I've used Shades like these can be Disasters But this one is so user friendly There's not a ton of fallout with it Really easy to blend Patchiness is what I discovered The most which similar shades like this Most of the time when brands Create shades like this It's with the press pigment formula And you guys know that makes it harder To work out But look at this But this is why I said I feel like this palette is so great For beginners Because it just works out so easily Okay and then I'm going to go back into The sky shade which is that light blue And we're going to use that to help Blend out the edges if you need it You might not even need it You'll see how pretty and smooth The blend is on the eyes Don't be afraid to go back and add More of the colors that you think might have gotten lost Like I want a little bit more of the lilac Down here You might need to put some more of the rose Shade in the inner corner But I think I have a base that I'm happy with I'm going to use some of the primer That's in the palette on my finger And I'm popping it on to the bare eyelid Because I want the shimmer shades To grab on to my eyelid I'm putting that there and it's amazing I'm going to go into icy pink right here With a small brush And icy pink is going to be the Inner corner color To kind of highlight the eye And I'm also going to put it under the brow bone I think that would be pretty I didn't do it on this eye And this shade would be pretty all over the eyelid If you wanted But that laid down nice And I wouldn't be Morgan If I didn't go for a mystic right here The shimmery purple And it's so pretty you guys I think with the primer as well It's just holding on extra good Look at that I'm actually going to go in with just A little bit more Barbie Which is that matte pink Because I want it to show here a little bit more With my finger I'm grabbing some of late night right here This is the shade that's going to blend The purple into the blue Just like that Isn't that so pretty Going to bring some of the blue back You know for those of you that aren't Pros when it comes to blending Your eyeshadows And blending different colors together This is a really great formula That is buildable It's blendable It's soft And the way that the palette lays out I just think makes it very easy To create a look I've created multiple looks now With this palette I've loved every single one Just because of the way it was laid out It made it very thoughtless For me to create a colorful look Which is not really something that happens Commonly with me Normally it takes a lot of thinking For a colorful look But I've done at least I want to say four different looks I'll show you one that I did The other day Well two looks that I did the other day I forgot to take a picture With like lashes and everything But again Been very impressed And very inspired by this palette I'm going to pop on a few extra things And then we're going to finish With the lashes I'm back Okay I mean I'm sure at this point Based on the title You already know what the price is But um Can you believe this palette Is ten dollars Like that is insane to me You saw the performance Of those shadows firsthand You saw the other two looks That I posted a photo of All the pigment In all of its glory I feel like I'm doing y'all a favor Anyways, yeah Okay let's finish off with the lashes We are going to finish off With some bomb lashes Which is going to just transform everything Bethelene has A bunch of different lashes to choose from All of them look great They have some really beautiful Thick, delicious Mink lashes They also have a lot of gorgeous styles Of faux mink lashes These faux mink ones Are the winner Oh yeah these look beautiful I love how they're shorter And then they go out to longer And they have a nice curl to them Which keeps the eyes open So let me pop these on I'm going to trim them really quickly They've got a pretty good length to them I feel like they're not too long But they're still good If you have longer eyes You'll still be good Then if you're opening a new pair I have like smaller eyes So I like to give a little bit flexibility Paint on my lash glue You're right I'm going to use Air tweezers Let me pop these on Ooh not to be dramatic But like wow these lashes Are gorgeous Let me pop this on real quick I'll be right back Here is the final look I did not expect these lashes To be so beautiful They're the perfect mix of dramatic But still not too dramatic In my opinion But anyways I hope that this video was helpful For you guys I hope you learned a trick or two About blending Buffalo and eyeshadow palettes Definitely have my stamp Of approval I mean you saw how easy They were to use How quickly we created this look I'm going to have the link Down below to the palettes And everything that I have to offer Is definitely worth checking out And again Thank you to Bethel and For sponsoring today's video And supporting my channel And thank you all so much For liking this video And being subscribed to my channel And I will catch you guys In the next video Bye guys have a good one


The show of Obamashou, his Imperial Majesty Obagadi Afolabi-Alawi Orumogege III, officially received the staff of office as the 21st show of Obamashou Land Engineer, Shaii Makinde, the Oyo State Governor, gave the staff of authority and certificate to the first-class monarch in Obamashou at the Township Stadium of Obamashou. Obagadi, in his brief remark, titled My Dream and My Reality, after receiving the instrument and staff of office from Governor Makinde, expressed gratitude to God and all who have made the day a reality. He said he accepted the new throne as a call from God to serve the people of Obamashou Land and appealed to all sons and daughters of Obamashou to work with him in order to harness the potential of the land. Shaii Makinde, who congratulated the King, expressed optimism that the reign of the new throne would usher in more development and prosperity to Obamashou Land. As a show of love for Obamashou Land, today Obamashou Land stands at the crossroad of history and I would like to appeal to all the stakeholders in the destiny of this great land for us to work together to ensure that Obamashou Land fulfills the great potentials that the Almighty God has imbued within us. I am asking you to join us with me by giving of your time, by giving of your talents and by giving of your treasure with us to develop Obamashou Land. The future of Obamashou Land came with that. It's a future. It's a pastoral. So what do you tell a pastoral not only in and out of Obamashou Land? I pray to God Almighty, it's a spirit to guide you. You all know that Obamashou Land is loved by all of us. Hence the reason why we are all here today. My advice for the future of Obamashou Land and its environment is to join hands together to meet our hope and to help him to move Obamashou Land to hell. We believe that what happens in the track record is a spirit, it's a spiritual. It's less of a friend that is going to promote the good of this land. We have come to this town. In the name of God, I ask you to help me. I will pray for you to help me. I will be with you whenever you miss me. I pray for you to help me.


In this video, we will provide the solution to question number 22 for the practice final exam for math 1050. We're given a rational function f of x equals x squared plus 3x plus 2 on the top at x squared plus 4x plus 4 in the denominator, and we need to find the domain of f, write an interval notation. Now, to find the domain of a rational function, it really just comes down to what makes the denominator go to zero, all right? So we have to factor the equation x squared plus 4x plus 4, I should say factor the polynomial. We need a set equals zero, that's why we're factoring, right? This one, x squared plus 4x plus 4, this is actually a perfect square trinomial of factors as x plus 2 quantity squared. Take the square root, of course, you get x plus 2 equals zero, so x equals negative 2, that's the forbidden value. And so there's only one value that makes the denominator go to zero, that's negative 2. Interval notation, the domain would be negative infinity to negative 2, union 2 to, negative 2 to infinity, excuse me. And so this is, in fact, the domain of f, we're gonna put a box over here, and that's all they have to do, just look at the denominator. Now there is a trap in this one, because we factor the denominator, what if we factor the numerator? So x squared plus 3x plus 2, that factors as x plus 1 and x plus 2, like so, and you can forward that out again. And the denominator, right, looks like x plus 2 times x plus 2. Now some of us, if you factor the numerator, it might be tempted to try to simplify this thing. So you get x plus 1 over x plus 2, now fortunately in this one, that doesn't change the domain, I mean since the denominator still goes to zero to negative 2, you wouldn't be too confused about it. But if things were a little bit different, again this is an important thing to mention, what if the denominator turned out to be like x minus 2 in this situation? So then we would have said the domain, right, is basically everything except for 2 and negative 2, right? Because that's what makes the denominator go to zero, but if you cancel this out, you might think negative 2 is no longer a problem and only positive 2. The domain of a rational function is always determined by the original denominator. It doesn't matter if it can be simplified. The original denominator is where the restrictions are provided. So if you're finding the domain of a rational function, ignore the numerator and only look at the denominator because even if something cancels the numerator, it don't matter. You only look at the denominator here for the domain.


The study focused on synthesizing and testing the inhibition potential of one, four iminolixitols, and their ineralalkyl derivatives against four different GH38 alpha monosidases. The results showed that 6-deoxydim was the most potent inhibitor of Amantu with a key value of 0.19m. This compound also had similar selectivity profiles compared to DIM, which is a known inhibitor of GMAi. However, an ineralalkylation of 6-deoxydim resulted in a decrease in its potency, but an increase in its selectivity. Molecular modeling revealed that the structural and physical chemical properties of the inhibitor, enzyme complexes, were similar. This article was authored by Martin Kallnick, Serge Sestak, Eurykona, and others.


Good afternoon and welcome to Perspectives on Energy. This is Guillermo Sabatier, Director of International Services at HSI. Joining us today is Susie Espling, Solutions Engineer, and Jill James, Chief Safety Officer, both from HSI. Welcome to the show. Thanks, Guillermo. Thank you. So let me introduce one of you first here. I've had the pleasure of getting to know Jill not only in our conversations at work, but also through her podcast, the Accidental Safety Pro. Jill, would you tell us a little bit more about that yourself? Yeah, sure. Thanks, Guillermo. Happy to be here today. And thank you so much for having me. I've been in the field of environmental health and safety for 28 years, which just sounds like bananas moan of time. And here in the United States, I started out my career after graduate school, working for OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as an investigator for about 12 years, inspecting all types of workplaces in both general industry and construction. And then I moved into healthcare for a while and then into higher ed for a little bit and had a stop in the world of poultry, all things poultry and life sciences before joining HSI as the Chief Safety Officer eight years ago in August. And at HSI, I kind of have a foot in a couple of different departments, one in product and helping out with product development within our sales team to meet with prospects and our customers and kind of represent that buyer and speak their language to them. And then of course with our marketing department, creating helpful aids for prospects and customers and especially a thing I'm really proud of called a safety training needs assessment where a person can take a little quiz and find out like where are our gaps? What are we forgetting we need to train on, particularly when it comes to compliance? And you're right, I've got a podcast, The XNL Safety Pro, it turned four years old in May, which is fantastic. And I have the privilege and honor of talking with EHS professionals from around the globe about how they do their work, what motivates them and sharing their best practices for my field of practice. And I get to be the keepers of their really phenomenal stories. Well, they're a great story to listen to and I really, really enjoy listening to your podcast, which is why once again, I'm really, really grateful that you're able to join us on today's show. So we're gonna have plenty to talk about. So I look forward to that. Susie, I've had the great opportunity to work with you on several projects that relate not only to the energy industry, but others as well. Now I understand you are now in a new role that puts you in a rather unique and precisely advantageous position for our discussion today. Would you wanna tell us more about your journey? Sure, it's more of a windy path, but it's all related to online education, training and development. So first started out assisting with the development of the first online program at the University of Arizona for a master's and PhD program. And then from there, I kind of went more to the technical training side with power and utility industry, as well as the construction, technical trades. And I took a right turn, I guess, and crossed over to the leadership, management and professional development side. Again, the common thread being e-learning, whether it be platforms, contents, services, about 24 years of experience and landed at HSI for the solutions engineering position. It's just like the perfect place for me. I get to help our clients with training initiatives for reliability, safety and productivity. So happy to be here with you. Well, thank, I'm really happy that you could join us. And I think we have the great mix of SMEs, really, to join us in today's discussion. The reasons we brought you here today, really, is to talk about one of these, something really important happening, not just in the electric utility industry, but also across all of STEM fields. And what they're looking at is a looming shortfall of engineers in the workforce. Now, according to the Bureau of Neighbor Statistics, economic projections point to a need of approximately one million more STEM professionals than the US would produce at the current rate by 2025. It's not a long ways away. It's a lot of NP jobs, unfilled jobs. So this is critically important as a challenge, especially if we hope to remain competitive as a nation or a group of nations and its economy in science and technology. So what's worrisome, at least to me anyway, is that this also affects STEM related roles. Not just in this industry, but across most others, especially when they're touched by STEM or technology one way or another. So for us, in this particular realm of expertise, workforce development becomes ever more important to not only attract and prepare new recruits, but also retain experienced employees. So how can HSI or companies like ours, right, assist customers and large corporations with this present and emerging need? So Susie, Joe, any answers to that? Right, gosh, I wish we had a magic wand, right? This topic of STEM comes up really often with the guests that I have on my podcast as well. The EHS profession itself is part of STEM. And so, and we're unique in that there's not a lot of us, but everyone uniformly says, we need more people and we also need to encourage people. So the call to action with my podcast guests and people in my profession has been to really spread the word about environmental health and safety being a STEM practice. And that it's not offered at every college and institution, but it is available in almost every state and then people can get educated in that particular profession. And so often my guests talk about how they're going back to their colleges, they're getting involved in their communities, they're talking at career days in high schools about the importance of the STEM world, particularly in health and safety. And then also the realization that, you know, you said, what did you say, Guillermo? We have a million, a million, we're gonna be short by a million. And rejection of unfilled jobs here. Yeah, and so there are so many young women who could be filling those roles who aren't part of this profession yet aren't part of the STEM profession. So for example, I have a college student right now who's studying computer engineering at a university. And in his class right now, there is exactly one woman studying computer engineering. And that's just bananas. And in my particular field of practice, only 10% of us are women. And so, you know, what can we do as influencers, as fellow engineers, as fellow STEM professionals to reach out to young women in particular in our communities, in our high schools, in our colleges, and encourage them and let them know, like, look at this world that could be open to you, you know? And it's a great profession. Well, and it's interesting you mentioned the STEM, opening up STEM, interest in STEM and opportunities in STEM for women and even underserved communities. Because one of the things that I've heard about that's been happening at one of the universities here in South Florida, Florida International University and in conjunction with the city of Miami. And it looks like they are working on a project in which where the state matches scholarship funds where anybody who wants to go to the university will be able to go to FIU. Any resident of the city of Miami will be able to attend the FIU. Should they at least get the grades. And that's having access to the opportunity, right?  Access is everything. So how can training help, for example, with workforce development in this particular aspect of the field? Oh my gosh, so many ways. So many avenues to go down. Obviously upskilling and cross-skilling is very essential onboarding. You know, when you hire an employee, how long does it take that employee to be a productive member of the workforce, right? So training can help with onboarding as well as retention and promotion, right? How do we take those employees and start retaining them instead of them going to other positions? You know, creating those pathways, those career paths for those individuals. We have our hypo or high potential employees that we wanna try to start grooming for the leadership and development roles, right? Leadership and management positions. They need some extra skills to be able to manage those, you know, people managers, if you will. Skill gap, we've got a lot of skill gap going on. Succession planning, right? We have to figure out how we can transfer that knowledge of our senior most valuable employees because we need to learn from them. You know, some of them I think that retirement is nearing and they think, oh, you know, I may not be as important but they're actually the most important that we have and we need to figure out how we can take those experienced members and have them become mentors and coaches with training and share that knowledge. So there's so many ways that training can help all the way around. You know, okay, and it is rather interesting, right? Because especially with the whole, with the succession planning, some of these senior employees, I mean, it takes almost four new recruits, I would say, to actually fill that role once they're fully trained. So it's quite the challenge. Right, absolutely. Yeah, and you know what Susie's talking about is this investment in the workforce benefits the entire company in building what people like to talk about is corporate culture, right? And so if employees know that the employer is willing to invest in them and invest in them for the whole of their employment, not just for onboarding, but for the whole of their employment to continue building their skills, that is an investment in your corporate culture, which, you know, shorthand means we care, you know, like we care about you as an employer, we care about you as a human being. Yeah. And that is really important in, only from the sense of employee engagement, right? And so that is really crucial when it comes to that because then you're looking at a, there's opportunities ahead, especially when you're employed somewhere and you're working, you give it all you've got, right? So there's that relational sort of, it's not transactional, it's more relational when you're in that workforce. So how does this translate across other industries, right? And the economy in general, so. Yeah, I mean, you know, a lot of industries, not just your power and utility, they're dealing with the same challenges, right? The skills that are transferable, having career paths so that, you know, they can work in different parts of the organization. You know, power and utility is very similar to construction, municipalities, manufacturing, right? Whether it's food or beverage, metals, pulp and paper, automotive, electronics, I mean, just that whole level of manufacturing, they're very similar in nature, oil, gas, you know, petrochemical, pharma. We also really need to try to work more with your local colleges, vocational training programs, job course centers and give additional training in those areas so that we don't see that million, you know, vacancy rate that you were talking about. So yeah, the infrastructure of our economy, you know, it touches every single part of it. Right. And one of the things too is, as given that shortage, one of the predictions is that that it's industries will begin to poach from each other when it comes to that experience and trained workforce. So it'll be a great time to be an engineer, but the thing is it's not, the industry will definitely, you know, be in serious need for that. Yeah, right. I mean, I think it's so important to not forget that all employees matter. All employees have a right to a safe and healthy workplace, including the tools they need to be able to do that job safely, regardless of the industry that they're in.  You know, and Susie just rattled off, definitely a lot of key industries, but the real answer is everyone, you know, everyone. When we onboard a new employee at HSI, they say, Jill, Jill, you know, who do we serve? Who do we serve? And I said, think back to your first job. Think back to the first thing, the first job you ever did to earn a paycheck and people will rattle off things like, I worked in agriculture, I worked in construction, I was a barista, you know, I worked at a fast food industry. And I tell them, you know, I was a maid in a hotel cleaning rooms. And then the next question I ask, you know, when we were kids, when we had those first jobs, how many of us had health and safety training? You know, and the room almost always falls silent. And then we talk about the hazards and the stories and the things we remember that happened to us when we were kids. And you know, the thing is that every single human being, regardless of where they work, regardless of their age has, you know, they have an inherent right to be treated well and have the information, tools and training they need to be able to go home the same way that they arrived at any point in their working career, at any point. And that's really who we serve. Yeah, and that is so true. So now we've covered quite a wide berth when it comes to industries and what the industries needs are. So how can HSI help in this regard? Is this Guillermo where we really get to talk about everything that we do and we'll try not to be like a commercial? I don't think we have time. We don't have time to be a commercial. That's right, that's right. We're running out of time. All right, so, you know, HSI really is uniquely positioned for our customers, for today's market, like you're talking about. As our CEO likes to say, we sit at the crossroads of content, meaning training and learning and software. And that's really unique because we have both, you know, software and content and we're solid and strong in each. And everything that we have, we create on our own with the horsepower of over 500 skilled employees across the globe, including the three of us, right? And so when HSI started out as a baby baby company some 40 years ago, we were focused on first aid and CPR training and people might not know that about us. But we're much more than that today. And yet we remain strong to those roots in first aid and CPR and are one of the three largest nationally recognized providers of those services along with American Heart Association and the Red Cross. And so our authorized instructors use our curriculum to train and certify millions of people every year in over 100 countries, which is just amazing. And then we branched out. We branched out even further and our focus landed in the EH&S space, the environmental health and the safety space like mine, enabling the work of people like me to have access to a chemical management system, including everything, safety data sheet, which our listeners know all about those and help with environmental compliance reporting. And then working alongside OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, we became one of just a handful of providers authorized to offer the OSHA 10 and 30 hour general industry and construction certifications that are online in both Spanish and English. And by the time I came about and eight years ago and joined HSI, we had this giant library of OSHA compliance based training courses all delivered from our learning management system or from our customers learning management system. And today that library of courses isn't giant, it's ginormous. And the topics covered stretch way past OSHA compliance now. And to be able to please EHS people like me and into topics that support other disciplines and cross-functional initiatives. And we have content on diversity and equity and inclusion and resilience and leadership like how to run a meeting or have a difficult conversation and sexual harassment prevention and computer security and hazardous waste management. And it goes on and on from de-escalation techniques and active shooter response and bleeding control and software skills and all these topics and all the topics that are specific to the utilities industry that Susie's talking about today. And that's just a sample of content that we have for episodic training and ongoing learning all of which is delivered in multiple formats rather from online interactive to video to blended learning and even in-person learning which is a lot of what Susie's team does in your team, Guillermo. So I don't know, I've been around for a while now and I just kept dreaming like what's up next for HSI? What are we gonna do next? And I thought what would really be helpful were things for people to do audits and inspections and what could they use to manage assets or track injuries and illnesses or follow a checklist or maintain and share all of those policies and procedures that we all have to have. And instead of having things in tablets of paper or buried in email or stuck in a three ring binder or something. So that's when HSI's EHS software platform came to life and it's really exciting how it's helping support not only EHS people but engineering and maintenance and security and it's all being done from a single sign on. Oh, I love that. And yeah, and I get to use it quite a bit. I mean, I myself help with delivering some of the training especially when there's a lot of courses and I don't have instructors. So I mean, my career had been training for the last 10 years. So I get to deliver that and yeah, I'm doing that in three different sessions coming up in the next few months. So definitely enjoy. And we even have live simulation during classes which is really helpful for these operators. So always fun to do that. Always fun. So what does HSI offer? Not just for workforce development but other needs, right? Susie, I think. Yeah, I mean, all the topics that Jill mentioned, CPR, safety, employee development, productivity but it's really the combination of the solutions, right? The learning, management system, the safety data system, the safety management system but really how I think we need to start looking at it more is how can we get better engagement from our employees in addition to the regulatory compliance and the paper trails, right? But the questions need to be asked. How is it making our organizations better, right? Are we having fewer incidents? How do we know that if we're not tracking it? Are we more productive, you know? Are we proactive or are we reactive? So if we start seeing and because we're documenting it and we have a system to be able to organize that data, you know, we can be more proactive instead of reactive. You know, is our facility more reliable? You know, is there less downtime? So what happens when production stops in a manufacturing environment, right? That's loss of revenue, period. That should be tracked. We wanna make sure that our products are quality. You know, think about the systems behind it from a strategic standpoint. How can we improve the organization while making sure that we maintain a safe, you know, work environment? So I think it's just all of the different solutions and content that we can pull together that makes sense to the organization. Absolutely, absolutely. Yeah, you know, I think about solutions wise and what can we prove up, Susie? You know, you think about like just take one tiny piece.  Whereas with a piece of automation, you can push those notices out and you can also alert other locations that might have same or similar that can correct things in real time and you'll be able to track and see that. You know, you have visibility into that rather than finding, you know, did we put that in a spreadsheet document or is that in somebody's post-it note on a desk, you know, and being able to have visibility into that? Well, and it's really important to capture so many of these different aspects. I mean, one of the things that I remember when I was in the utility industry, right? And we were using an HSI product at the time and they started capturing near misses. So those are just as important and not more important because a near miss just means you were lucky, right? And that was an important thing to actually quantify and once they began to address the near misses, right? It's the overall injuries went down even further and they ended up with a goal of zero all the time, which is, which became achievable, especially in a power company. Well, usually there's sadly, there's always somebody getting hurt or there was somebody getting hurt that for a while was rather successful and because of that, so interesting. So one of the things that we talked about in another conversation we had was also education when it came to micro-predential, right? And we talked about that quite a bit. Jury, you want to talk a little bit more about that or because remember we got excited about the idea of being able to offer that and... Yeah, Susie, I think that was your wheelhouse. I think it was when we talked it. Yeah, I mean, you know, the programs are out there but there's not as many as we need, right? To train and get ready the workforce. So, you know, for example, there's a six to eight month waiting period before someone can start a new program but micro-predentialing is a specific part of a program that then that employee can start working, right? And continue their education and planning. So Google, Amazon, they're all starting to kind of look at this micro-predentialing because, you know, it's a little bit selfish because they're trying to fill their positions. Well, I think we need to start looking at, you know, like this, you know, not only in power and utility but manufacturing, all of those industrial skills, you know, focused professions. I mean, you know, and it was interesting because something as core business that we have, really, it's CPR and structural certification, right? It is, I mean, that is, we quite, we have quite the presence. The other day I was talking to one of my childhood friends and planning something unrelated to work and yet, you know, we're talking about him having a class of CPR training and then I asked him, hey, who are you certified with? And he said, well, HSI, I'm like, wow, small world, I work for them. So, you know, as long as he's known me after after college, I've always worked for the utilities. Now I'm working for the training company that supports not just the utilities but a whole lot of other fields, right? So it was rather heartwarming to hear that his certifications on that. So anyway, so now those conversations about, you know, seeing if we could actually use him for localized live instructor delivery of that training here in my region. So it should be nice. It's a great story. Yeah, yeah. Thank you. So we have quite a few things, right? We're, we got some white papers, some webinars here at HSI. I think we have slide number four we wanted to show. If Eric doesn't mind throwing it up there for a minute. Can we see it? Yeah, and I invite you to go see our website, hsi.com. But yes, we have content. Yes, we talk about all our solutions and everything. But honestly, check out the resource tab. Not only will you see the wonderful Jill in her accidental safety pro podcast that are fabulous, right? But we have other things like checklists for diversity, inclusion, and equity. We have guides to onboarding, right? How do you build an onboarding program? How do we get those individuals' trains instead of six weeks? How can we get it down to three weeks and get them more productive? We have eBooks, right? We have topics such as the cost of not training, qualified electrical worker webinar. I really encourage you to see that because you would be amazed at how many people need training specifically for electrical workers. Labor shortages, skill jobs, there's a plethora of resources there. And I really invite you to just kind of cruise around in there and see what interests you and how we can help. So hsi.com, that's our corporate website. We can find a lot of help and resources for not just training, but a whole lot of other fields as well, right? So that's kind of one of our last questions, right? So what resources do we have available to quantify talent shortfalls in this industry or any, really, right? And that's part of the consulting process that comes in, right? I imagine. Right, exactly. Susie, I'm sure you have an answer. Maybe we can both take a crack at it. But I really see hsi as we're positioned today as being that option to help each customer build a resilient organization. And resilient organization, meaning there are employees who are well-trained, skilled, who are going to stick with you and be able to help them upskill themselves throughout the lifetime of their career with you as the employer. Wonderful. Yeah, and don't forget, keep that strategy in mind. Keep training in the forefront of it, not as an afterthought. Don't do it because you have to do it.  So keep this, align that strategy with your initiatives. And I think you'll find much better results. You'll find more engaged employees and much better products on the other end of it. Thank you. I definitely agree. So, Joe, any closing comments for? Yeah, closing comments, right? So I guess, like Susie said, strategy in mind absolutely. And remember that there's just so many partners that are available as help aids to employers. I know that there are so many of us when we think about, gosh, how many partners do we have? How many vendors are we using? And we hear from companies who are saying, oh, we have this one for this and this one for this. And pretty soon you've rattled off 14 different vendors that you're working with. And remember that more and more companies are becoming like HSI, where you can just have all those things found under one roof with one single sign-on for your employees. You're not trying to manage all these different types of software services to be that help aid for you. And you can really have visibility across your organization with one company. That becomes also rather important when it comes to just from a mere perspective of documentation. Making sure, having the same platform, having the same evidence, having the same... Dashboarding. Yes, yes, precisely. Well, it looks like that's all the time we have for today. I think we could probably have a few more episodes just on these conversations for workforce development and labor shortfalls and what our industries are facing coming up. So, but thank you so much for coming on today's show and I really appreciate it. Again, these 30 minutes just fly by. I mean, and it seems like we can go on forever because we have a lot to talk about really. And we just scratch the surface of what we offer at HSI. Again, hsi.com is where do you want to go and find the more information and look at our resources for it to help you with your workforce development needs among other things, right? Well, thanks, Carol. Thanks so much. Thank you, Suzy. Thank you, Joe. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


And good afternoon. I'd like to start by also thanking the organizers of the conference, David and Fong for having us all here in Paris in such a beautiful place. As was said, this is joint work with Tanya Lung and Michael Narig. So I suppose in the public key community, pairings don't really need the biggest introduction. Over the past decade, this powerful bilinearity property of pairings has brought us a number of unique and cool things that were previously unattainable without pairings. Things like ID-based encryption, which really sparked off this pairing-based cryptography. All these types of cool signatures and nowadays we've got things like predicate-based and attribute-based encryption as well. You don't really have to flip far through the proceedings of this conference to see the power of pairings used for protocols. So to motivate this work, I suppose the last ten years since pairings were introduced, initially they were too slow to be considered practical. And this is what really made them grab the attention of a lot of the big mathematical cryptographers and computer scientists to try and speed these things up. As Mike was saying, and a decade on from the introduction, the current situation, at least on elliptic curves, is that many of the high-level optimizations have now been considered to be exhausted. So things like loop shortening, exhausting the endomorphism rings, choosing the groups and the representations, these pairing-friendly curves, and many of these high-level tricks are somewhat exhausted at this stage. So we're looking for other ways to speed things up and I suppose get our hands dirty and get down to the explicit formulas throughout the miller loop and the miller iterations. So in this work we look at curves that are of the standard Y-stress form. And optimal curve construction methods usually always produce a curve with either the curve constant A being zero or the curve constant B being zero. And the nice thing about this is that they also facilitate high-degree twists on these curves. So if we want to use a cubic or a quartic or a sextic twist, we've got to look to set one of these curve constants as zero. So we wanted to look at minimizing the field operations that we encounter when computing a pairing on these special types of curves. Rather than looking at the general Y-stress curve, we want to look at these curves that arise with A zero or B zero. Another motivation for this work was that the Tate and Ate formulas haven't always been compatible. So a lot of papers came out in the field that have reduced operation counts and applied this to the Tate pairing, but the application or the transfer of these formulas to the Ate pairing isn't always trivial. So I suppose we really wanted to tidy up that too. And also special curve models such as Edwards curves or these special types of Y-stress curves, they haven't always trivially allowed for the Ate pairing computation either. So we wanted to try and remedy this. And we wanted to improve and collect all or most of the required explicit formulae and the records for these pairing computations. We wanted to put it all together into the one paper. So I suppose the binary property and things don't need the greatest introduction after Mike's talk and after previous talks. So I'll jump straight into defining the two most common groups that are used in pairing computations. We always refer to G1 and G2. And G1 is all the points on the elliptic curve of order r, so in the r-torsion. And it's in the one eigenspace of the Frobenius map. And G2 also consists of the points of order r there in the Q eigenspace of the Frobenius map. And to define this whole group or this whole torsion group or to define both of G1 and G2, what we need to do is extend this base field to extend the field FQ up to the FQ to the K. So we need to form this K-degree extension with our embedding degree K so that the whole torsions contains and we've got our two order r subgroups to work with. If you don't like the definitions there or it doesn't look familiar, then all you really need to know is that the elements of G1 are nice and simple. They're defined over the base field. So if P is a random point in G1, say for example K equals 12, then the coordinates of P are nice. They're defined over the base field. For K equals 12 though, the coordinates of Q we have to go all the way to the full extension. I haven't formed the extension as a tower but normally things in G2 look about that nasty. So that's a trivial I suppose extension and things bigger polynomials over the base field. Luckily we have the power of the twisted curve as Mike was saying. So we always have this original curve that we construct and we can use the power of this twist. So we can define a curve by these omega values over a subfield of the full extension field and that twisted curve is such that points on the original curve might be defined over large fields but when you bring them to the twisted curve, their coordinates shrink to much smaller fields and vice versa. So we can exploit these twisted curves to give more compact representation of points and to shrink the size of these elements in G2. And the possible degrees of the twists available are 2, 3, 4 and 6 and like I said before the degree twisted of bigger than 2 require that we take a0 or b0. And we've got this twisting isomorphism between the two curves. So a point on the twisted curve can be taken to a point on the ordinary curve or the regular curve by dividing by these algebraic omegas in the subfield of the full extension field. So instead of working with Q on G2, a lot of work can be done with this new group G2 dash which is defined over the subfield. So if we take a sextic twist on the embedded degree 12 case, then our point before looked that bad but now it looks not so bad with these algebraic omega values. It would be a lot easier to deal with computationally. So the two types of pairings or the two methodologies I suppose that we can look at is the tape pairing in its variance and also the ape pairing in its variance. The tape pairing always takes its first argument from G1, from the ground field and its second argument Q, it takes from that twisted subfield or from the full extension field and the ape pairing reverses these arguments so it takes its first argument from the larger field and its second argument from the ground field. The pairings themselves require the computation of these miller functions. So these f subscript m are of s's and these are functions of degree m. These functions have large degree for a typical value of r would be 160 bits. So the function in the tape pairing might be 160 bits. The degree of this function is 160 bits. And to compute these functions we require the log of the loop parameter m, many iterations of Miller's algorithm. And the most important thing to note I suppose at this stage is that most of the work in Miller's algorithm or in the iteration, a lot of the bottleneck is the first argument. So we do a lot of computations in the first argument and not so many in the second argument. So the first argument in the tape pairing is much smaller. So all of this work is done in the ground field while in the ape pairing the argument is much bigger and all the work is done in the extension field. But the reason the ape pairing wins most of the time is that we need much less iterations. So we only need log 2 of capital T iterations in the ape pairing compared to the r in the tape pairing. So the trade-off is that more work in the ape pairing is done in the larger field. So just a brief overview of Miller's algorithm and how it works. Well, we often write this loop parameter, this integer in its base 2 or its binary representation and what we want to output is this function f, this value f, which is a value in a finite field. So what we do is we carry this value of f through the iterations appending these line functions to f. f is carried through as an extension field element. We evaluate these functions at the point s as we go and at the end we exponentiate but in this talk we're only concerned with the Miller loop itself. And these line functions in the Dublin ad, I suppose in the Weistruss sense, they're the line functions that you get from the standard cord and tangent rule. So in the Dublin it's this tangent line here divided by this vertical line at the point 2u and in the addition of u plus r we get this slope line that joins u and r and we also get this vertical line through u plus r. And these are the lines that we append to this Miller function as we go. So why do we choose Weistruss curves for fast pairings? Well, in the ECC sense in standard elliptic curve cryptography we don't really have to worry about these lines so much. So we can say use Edwards curves or Hessian curves or different curve models to give fast doublings and additions and that's all we need to worry about. But in the pairing sense we need to do fast doublings and additions but we also need to do fast line computations. So we need to be able to compute these line functions with minimal overhead. That's the beauty of Weistruss curves. The cubic elliptic curves give a natural combination of point operations and line computations. So what that means is that these lines are basically inherent in the doubling and addition formulas themselves. So often there's not a lot of work to do for Weistruss curves in getting these lines. High degree curves you have to do with conics and quadratic functions but here it's just simple lines. So to sort of separate the roles of the arguments in Miller's algorithm at both the doubling stage up the top and the addition stage what we have to do is we have to compute these lines in the doubling of u or the addition of u and r and we have to of course do the point operations themselves the doubling u and adding u to r and all of these red operations the ones in red are completely u dependent. So whatever field u is in that's what field these computations take place in. The evaluation of f double and f add at the point s in optimized implementations this will cost the same regardless of whether we use the 8 or the tape pairing and these squareings and multiplications in the extension fields these will always be the same but in the tape pairing and the 8 pairing these red computations will occur in different fields. So the black operations have the same complexity regardless of the tater 8 pairing because there are all the operations in fq to the k but for the steps 1 and 2 in both doubling and addition these depend entirely on r and so when r is in the ground field fq which it is for the tape pairing a large k means that the step 3 will dominate the complexity and as k grows larger with respect to the base field then the operations in 3 become more dominant so any savings in the red operations for the tape pairing will be less and less for bigger k but for the 8 pairing this field fq to the e where r lies it grows at the same rate as fq to the k so any savings we have for a small embedding degree are likely to be consistent as the embedding degree grows too so we'd like to apply these tape formulas to the 8 pairing the problem is that the tape pairing it has quite a simple definition in that at least the computation of it has a simple definition in that the tape pairing keeps the point u on the same curve throughout the whole computation but for the 8 pairing what we do for computational convenience is we twist u back and forth between the curve and its twisted curve so when we want that nice short representation we jump to the twisted curve and when we come to evaluate it at the we come to evaluate the lines we need the element to be in the full extension field so we twist it back so there's this jumping back and forth between curves in the 8 pairing and this is okay if the formulas derived for the pairing computation cover both the curve and its twist but in some circumstances like Edwards curves or these special Weistraus curves the curve and its twist can't have the same group order or they can't be represented by the same curve model so to derive formulas for both curves under the same curve model it doesn't actually work so the red computations you can see that u is in the twisted subfield but when it comes to evaluating the line function we aren't twist u back so what we want to do is we want to remedy this so that we can compute the 8 pairing on these Edwards and these special Weistraus curves so the remedy to this is to compute the 8 pairing entirely on the twisted curve and this is the coincidence of theorem 1 in corollary 2 and what we do is instead of twisting u instead of twisting q rather back and forth between curves we leave q to be on the twist the entire computation and we also twist p to be on the twist as well so throughout the whole computation now throughout all these steps the point u dash will always be on the twisted curve and the point s dash will also remain on the twisted curve so everything now you can see is happening on the twisted curve which is great because it now means that we can compute the 8 pairing on Edwards curves or these special curves provided that the twisted curve can be written in this form so if we want to derive formulas for these operations using say Edwards curve or a special curve then it's great because everything is on the twisted curve and it turns out that computationally this is no different to the original definition of the 8 pairing computation so nothing changes in terms of complexity but it allows us to do some things that we couldn't trivially do before and it also means that the Tate and 8 operation counts are somewhat analogous on all curve shapes now so what we did in the paper was go ahead and I suppose use this groundwork to then look to derive faster formulas on these special shaped curves and the way we do this is to always just get the just to get the affine version or the schoolbook version of these lines that you could get a high school kid to derive probably and what we do is we look for the best representation and the projection of these affine points so we're really searching through these different methods of projection to find which one gives the most simple simply computable expressions for both the point operations and the line computation and as Mike said it's common that we prioritize the doublings and this stage of the routine if we choose the loop parameter carefully then these additions are rare so we're much more concerned with the complexity of these doublings they dominate the runtime so we prioritize the doublings in our search we want to find the fastest doublings and the different degree twists require curves of different shapes so a quadratic twist, the degree 2 twist it can happen on any Y stress curve so the general curve but usually it's most advantageous to set A equals 0 or B equals 0 anyway all of the optimal constructions would suggest this and any quadratic twist formulas are also compatible with the high degree even twist formulas and then of course we can look at cubic twists quartic twists and sextic twists so the cubic and sextic twists they both occur on J invariant 0 curves or curves Y squared is X cubed plus B but because of the nature of the twists we have to handle these two cases separately so in the sections 4 to 6 what we do is we look at trying to develop fast formulas for these curves that admit the high degree twists so in section 4 we look at trying to speed up computations for curves employing a quartic twist that's these Y squared is X cubed plus AX curves popular for ECC and with the quartic twists popular for pairing based cryptography too so like I said we always just get these schoolbook formulas you turn to the first page of an elliptic curve textbook you always see these simple schoolbook formulas but it's how we project them or how we deal with them in the projective sense that changes the complexity of their computation so we don't want to compute these inversions with the affine formulas what we have to do is project and we found the most success with these J and variant 1, 7, 2, 8 curves in what we call weight 1, 2 coordinates so that's when you get the affine X coordinate and project it to X over Z and the affine Y coordinate and project it to Y over Z squared these coordinates hadn't been used before in prime fields but some people might know them as low-pes-darb coordinates over binary fields so if we projectify these top-red formulas using this projection then the projective formulas for the point doubling at least look okay and it turns out that we can evaluate these formulas using one field multiplication six squareings and if A is smaller than this almost negligible a cost of multiplication via curve constant and considering this as a doubling step alone currently this is the fastest doubling step in the EFT the explicit formulas database so for just standard ECC these curves and this way of projecting could become quite popular with these fast doublings especially for sliding windows techniques that allow doublings to really dominate standard ECC run time and the formula for the line computation came out to be pretty nice too usually with even degree twists we've always got to deal with this multiplication by the coordinates of S here both the X and Y coordinates but this other work we have to do to get these coefficients here it only cost an extra one multiplication and two squareings on top of the doubling formulas so what we got in total for both the doubling and the line computation was two field multiplications eight squareings and one multiplication by a curve constant which beats the previous record which was in Jacobian coordinates two separate authors by about two field operations one multiplication three squareings less one multiplication so a little bit faster there for sextic twists we have to use these Jane variant zero curves and we do the exact same thing except this time the lambda is a little simpler because A is zero and luckily the success here was with the standard homogeneous projective coordinates so all we do is take little X and project it to capital X over capital Z and the same for Y and our doubling formulas simplify somewhat and our line is simple again too on top of the doubling it was only I think two squareings or maybe one multiplication one squareings so here we get two field multiplications seven squareings and one multiplication by a curve constant which beats the previous record again by one multiplication and one squareings which was in Jacobian coordinates and for cubic twists the story is a little different the denominator elimination that's usually used it takes advantage of X coordinates being in subfields but in the case of cubic twists it's our Y coordinates in subfields so what we have to do is get our fine line and multiply it by this factor in the full extension field so it makes things a little more complicated but again in homogeneous projective coordinates we dealt with that somewhat successfully to get it quite a simple miller line relatively speaking so this has only got three multiplications here one with the coordinate of XS one with the coordinate of XS squared and one with the coordinate of YS and here we save two full two field multiplications two field squareings a couple of multiplications in the ground field which beats the previous records I suppose somewhat significantly so to summarize what we've done is really listed probably the four most popular options for pairing computation that will be used if one's going to implement these things in practice so if we look up at the top curve it's basically just a summary but here we've also got the additions included as well and you'll notice if you go through that I haven't highlighted additions strategically haven't done that because our additions are somewhat slower but with low hamming weight loop parameters we would expect at least a significant speed up in all of the cases so at least in the top case the third case and the fourth case our work really improved on the prior work in the second case we only gave an option to improve the addition formulas so what's missing from this table is this full extension field of multiplication and squaring that is common to all implementations so you've also got a factor that into each entry but the cubic twists are faster by over four field operations the accorded twists are faster by two field operations and the sexy twists are faster by two as well so what we did was we tabulated for different pairing-friendly embedding degrees we had a look at an estimation of the ground field the equivalent number of ground field multiplications throughout a standard doubling only iteration to compare the speed of the 8 and the Tate pairings of these embedding degrees of course the 8 speed up over the Tate speed up is nothing to do with our work but we thought it might be of interest to have a look at how much faster it is given the fastest formulas for various embedding degrees so in summary really the Tate speed up is like I said it's only significant for these small embedding degrees so these papers that came out and said here's faster formulas to be used for the Tate pairing well for higher embedding degrees these formulas don't become that much faster in practice the relative speed up isn't that great but for the 8 pairing these formulas when we transfer them and apply them they give a speed up that's relatively consistent across all embedding degrees so if you're going to implement a pairing on one of these secure embedding degrees these higher embedding degrees then you should employ the 8 pairing obviously and hopefully then you'll if you want a significant speed up you'll employ these formulas as well thank you