22nd regular meeting of the 2016 2017 Common Council to order. Would the clerk please read the quote for the day? Certainly. Effective communication requires more than an exchange of information. When done right, communication fosters understanding, strengthens relationships, improves teamwork, and builds trust. Thank you very much. The clerk please call the roll. There are 14 present. Alderman Roman Dran and Jim Bornell are excused. Please stand and join me in the Pledge of Allegiance. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. Jesu, Joe's not here either. And Joe Heidemann is also excused. Thank you for letting me know. Next we'll move on to the approval of our minutes from the last meeting. Alderperson Donahue. Thank you Mayor. I move to approve the minutes. Second. Thank for that motion and support. Is there any discussion? Seeing none, all those in favor signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed? Motion passes. There's no resignations or appointments this evening. So next we'll move on to the public forum. City Clerk. Yes, we have Debbie DeMoulin. Debbie, if you could come up. And can I have your home address, Debbie? Yes, it's 1704 North 35th Street. Okay, and you will have five minutes. Okay, thank you. What benefits are Sheboygan taxpayers getting by allowing Aurora to build on the field of dreams? Aurora is definitely winning. Why sell this prime property for such a low price? Wal-Mart paid $5 million for the Menards property, which was only 20 acres versus the 35-acre field of dreams. The Menards lot is in the town of Sheboygan, so the field of dreams should sell for closer to $7 million, not $2.5 million. Why did the school board not advertise the property and wait for competitive offers? Why was Sheyan's confidentiality agreement with Aurora not questioned? He gave them exclusive rights over a park which was not for sale and which is useful and necessary for the Northside children and community. Why has the school board let the two finalists go and stop searching for a new superintendent, extending Sheyan's term and increasing his yearly salary to $175,000 yearly with extra benefits agreed upon in closed session when the Wisconsin State Superintendent of the DPI has only paid 121,000? If we allow Aurora to build upon the field of dreams, who would pay for the infrastructure costs like traffic lights and road work near the hospital and sidewalks on the Southside to the Bootsham property as well as extending Taylor Drive South to get there? Who will pay for the demolition of Memorial Hospital that Aurora invested $11 million in over two years ago when claiming that they weren't planning on building a new hospital for at least 10 years? Whether it's the city or the Sheboyganary School District paying the bills in the end, it's us, the taxpayers. Why don't we encourage Aurora to build on their own Southside property paying for an exit ramp that would go directly to their medical complex? This would alleviate the traffic that would become too heavy on the Northside field of dreams location. By the way, has there been a traffic impact study for how a second hospital and medical center would affect the field of dreams essentially residential neighborhood? Allowing the mega corporation Aurora to buy a city park is setting a horrible precedent. Central Park in New York City is prized by everyone and would take in a lot of money if put up for sale, but city officials know that parks are what attract visitors and those wanting to move there. Our parks are the way we attract our youth back to Sheboygan. The more parks, the better. Trading one park for another is not the answer. Sheboygan will lose its attraction if its citizens fear that their local park could be sold to a developer. Today the field of dreams, tomorrow, which park is on the chopping board? Maybe the east parcel if Aurora wants to expand further? And if Aurora is permitted to build on the field of dreams, it's only a matter of time until they demand the extension of Taylor Drive through Maywood as was suggested in the past. The study at that time had determined that the cost was prohibitive because there was not enough traffic to justify extending Taylor Drive. But as soon as this new hospital complex gets built, Aurora will argue that this extension needs to be done for expedient service to their clients. We will have lost the most precious attraction of Sheboygan, Maywood and Evergreen Parks, where we all enjoy hiking, skiing, birding, picnicking and the holiday lights show. The day that Taylor Drive has extended through Maywood, we will lose lots of nature lovers who will move elsewhere to a more pro-environment and pro-nature community. Once we allow a corporation to develop land already in use, we have let them take over. We lose our autonomy. We will have created a corporate monster and it will no longer be within our control to stop Aurora from bulldozing its way through our natural resources. Let's not sacrifice one park for the promise of another. Let's safeguard all of our parks in every neighborhood and add to our park system rather than eliminate any one of them. I can tell you that if we lose the haven that is the Maywood Evergreen Parkland, many more people than me will leave the city and if your focus is only on amassing medical complexes all in the same neighborhood, you will attract people who don't care about the health care, which is inherent in parks as opposed to the sick care which Aurora provides. Thank you Debbie. And next on the list is Ali Zay Damolan. Please come up to the mic. Ali Zay, can you give me your home address? Yes, I live at 1704 North 35th Street in Sheboygan. Okay and you'll have five minutes. Thank you. So we keep talking about how Aurora is this wonderful corporation and so I just wanted to bring up some of the problems that we face with Aurora. So first of all, if you look up there rating through the BBB, I'm sure you guys all know about that. It's the Better Business Bureau, the basis that's rating on 13 factors. And the Aurora Health Care Inc. is not a better, is not a BBB accredited business. Through their 13 factors, they received a D rating and it was based off of, among other things, a failure to respond to eight complaints filed against the business and three complaints filed against the business that were not resolved. Of the 88 complaints, it received a total of 88 complaints from its 89 years in business and of the 14 reviews, 100% of them were negative. It received no neutral or positive reviews. The Aurora Health Care Inc. has received 1.44 out of five stars based on 14 customer reviews and that gets it to BBB rating of D. So like a 4.01 scale, if it was rated like letter grades, it would receive a D. If we compare it to some other businesses in our community, Acuity received an A plus, Acuity Insurance, Festival Foods received an A plus, Bemis has an A minus, American orthodontics has an A plus, Sargento has an A minus, Kohler Company has a B plus even though they had a lot of negative reviews, but they still got a B plus. That means that Aurora is even lower and Walmart received an A plus even though they had 3,300 complaints against the business. So if Aurora is getting a D, that means that they are worse even than the 3,300 complaints of Walmart. So to consider allowing a business with such a low rating into our community at all is beyond my comprehension of these reviews.  As you can see, they go on forever, but I'm going to read a couple of these that they are not, you know, they are not the caring corporation that they have presented themselves as. So this one person said they were making monthly payments, but they still put my bill in collections without any notice and not sure what I will do now, but Aurora billing should be as caring for people as they assess and then I always thought that making payments in good faith was and still is a positive way of life. To anyone reading this, please be aware that Aurora healthcare billing has no compassion for no one. This really saddened me because now I am left with medical issues and I don't know what to do. So and then the experience that I had at one of the Aurora hospital facilities was dramatically worse than any other facility or organization I have ever dealt with before. Shocking and appalling are words I would use to describe the standards of this facility. The response to my consumer concerns and complaints by staff and other management defy ethical standards in my opinion. Consumer beware, ask questions and know your patient rights as the organization applied minimal or less than minimal standards of care. And they performed a procedure without getting authorization for our insurance.  So basically if you if we don't even know what we're getting into, you know, we're gonna have serious problems because what if they don't even, you know, fulfill their financial obligations to the city and what they set up to do. Thank you. Thank you. And that's it for this evening. Next, we'll go on to Mayor's announcements on Sunday, December 4th at 12 30 in the afternoon. Eleanor Revellous was lifeguarding at the adults lane swimming at the Sheboygan YMCA. There were three laps swimmers swimming when she noticed that a man had stopped swimming and was in front front float position and he was in the lane closest to the pool edge. She went up and asked him if he was okay. There was no response and he began to slip under the water. Eleanor yelled to clear the swimmers from the pool. She yelled for Taylor Jones, the second guard in the instruction pool to call 911 and come and assist. Eleanor entered the water and brought him to the side of the pool. Taylor helped to lift the man out of the water. Eleanor sent Taylor to get help. Eleanor checked for a pulse and breathing. There was none. And so she began CPR. The man began to recover. Travis Bauman, the YMCA building duty supervisor, came to assist. He turned the man on his side and told Eleanor to get the AED in case it would be needed. Travis confirmed that 911 had been called and the Y main desk was notified. They continued to monitor the man until EMS arrived. The paramedic on the scene prior to leaving the YMCA extended his appreciation appreciation to Ms. Revellous on her quick thinking and actions. He later called and spoke to her on the phone to check to see how she was handling the event. As a young adult of 17 years, Ms. Revellous has a training due to her being a lifeguard, but still this is a large scale event for anybody without experience. Ms. Revellous performed her job with skill and confidence and brings great credit to herself, the YMCA and the city of Sheboygan. It's also his belief that Ms. Revellous saved this individual's life due to her quick actions as he was awake and talking prior to being transported to the hospital. I'd like to call Eleanor up at this time. Eleanor is 17 years old, a senior at North High. At North she's involved in many clubs such as Blue Crew, Student Council, National Honor Society, and Expo. She was also on the soccer team for two years and has been a varsity swimmer all four years. Outside of school, Ele is part of the Sheboygan Lakers Figure Skating Club and spends countless hours volunteering for the Greek Church. She has also been a Y member and also started working at the Y in July as a lifeguard and swim instructor. For your actions on December 4th, I'd like to present this medallion, the Mayor's Medal of Bravery, and thank you very much for all of these great things you did that day. Next I'd like to call up Taylor Jones, Taylor's lifeguard. Taylor Jones is 19 years old and was born in Washington State. He, along with with his with her little brother and sister, grew up and being addicted to the water, recently moved to Wisconsin to be with friends and to further her education. In the past, had been a USA swimmer for many years and found that lifeguarding was a good way to put her skills to use. Taylor, we'd like to present you this Mayor's Medal of Bravery for your actions that day. And next I'd like to bring up Travis Brahm. Travis is 24 years old and has been employed at the Sheboygan County YMCA since March of 2008. He currently teaches Y swim lessons. He's a coach in the Y swim team, a lifeguard and after school supervisor for the Y Grant School Program and YMCA building's duty supervisor. Travis is currently enrolled at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, studying in the education program with the goal of becoming an elementary education school teacher. Outside of school, his work and his work, his main hobby is fishing and he also enjoys playing hockey at the Blue Line Ice Center. Travis, congratulations. And we have a medallion for your actions that day. Next I'd like to bring up Chief Mike Romas for a few additional remarks. I just wanted to say I'm going to kind of piggyback on the mayor's remarks. I received a call at home from my paramedics about your what you did at the Y that day. And he said it was absolutely amazing. And for people that young as young as you and I know maybe you don't think you're young, but you're young to perform under pressure like this is really quite an accomplishment. It is and I want you to know that I've been here for three years. I haven't seen a standing ovation by the council very often and I just saw three in a row. So can we give him another hand please? Also I wanted to say that this is a group effort. I know all three of you participated, but I also want to thank the direction and a leadership at the YMCA. Somebody hired these individuals. Somebody vetted them. Somebody gave them the equipment. Somebody had policies and procedures and all the things that were required for them to succeed. So I think you deserve a big round of applause too. Thank you. And then just one other announcement. Again, we want to promote the new city e newsletter. That's if you want to sign up to receive that. There's a link on the city website. There's a banner ad that's very easy to find. And hopefully you'll find this new newsletter very interesting and informative. Next, we'll move on to the consent agenda. This will include items to point through through 2.16. All the person down here. Thank you, Mayor. I move to accept and file all reports of officers, accept and adopt all reports of committees and pass all resolutions and ordinances. Second. Thank you for that motion and support under discussion. All the person Jose. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. Can we just break out 2.5 so I could get a better understanding? Did you have a specific question about 2.5? Mike, my question is our, it says it was approved by the finance committee. Are we, if we approve this, are we de facto agreeing with the 2017 long term plan as well? Or is this just the council acknowledging that those limited people on the finance committee agree with it? No, if you're voting tonight to agree with that recommendation, then you're voting to accept it as well. Then I request that it be broken out. Okay, 2.5 will be voted on separately. We'll take that one first. Is there any other discussion on 2.5? Seeing none, we need to call the roll for 2.5. Actually, we can do a voice. We can do voice on that. Okay, all those in favor of 2.5, please signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed? Aye. Thank you. Motion passes. Then we're dealing with all the other items except 2.5. All the person Lee Wendalski. I would like to have a separate vote on item 2.10. Okay, 2.10 will be next. Is there any discussion on 2.10? All the person Lee Wendalski? I just want to say as I've been going around talking to a lot of citizens of Sheboygan, their number one complaint is about how bad the streets are, and then the city is spending money on the bicycle trails. And I'm going to vote against this just because people are complaining about the city spending money on the bicycle trails. Is there any other discussion? Seeing none. All those in favor, please signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed? Aye. Motion. Who said nay? 3. Motion passes. Then we're back to the original motion except for those two items. Is there any other discussion on the consent agenda? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll for passage. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Moving on to reports of officers. Item 3.1 will lie over until our next meeting. Under resolutions. 4.1 is the resolution 194 of 1617 by all the person Wolf authorizing the finance director to enter into a contract with Wisconsin bank and trust for a corporate card program. Alderperson Wolf. Thank you, Mayor. I make a motion to pass the resolution. Second. Thank you for that motion and support. Is there any discussion on the motion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 4.2 is resolution number 195 of 1617 by Alderperson Wolf authorizing transfer of appropriation in the 2017 budget to establish an appropriation for environmental remediation cost related to the Portscape Apartment project. Alderperson Wolf. Thank you, Mayor. I make a motion to refer to finance. Okay. Is there a second? Second. We have a motion to refer this to finance and we'll just accept that. I don't think there's any need for a vote then. Next, we'll move on to item 4.3 and that will lie over and 4.4 also will lie over. Items 4.5 through 4.10 will be referred to various committees. Alderperson Lewandowski. I would ask that item 4.4 also be sent to historic preservation. That's lying over. So, Chad, would you like to respond to that? This is for a transfer of appropriations related to two projects. A street project, which I believe is either North 10th Street or North 12th Street and the development of the skate park. So if you believe that those two documents have a relation to the historic preservation commission then it can go there but I think it makes sense for it just to lie over given the fact of the two projects that it's funding. Any objection to that, Alderperson Lewandowski? No. Okay, thank you. So that 4.4 will lie over. Under reports of committees, 5.1 is an RC by number 310 of 1617 by law and licensing. Tumors refer to RO number 188 of 1617 by the city clerk submitting various license applications and recommends that the beverage operators license application number 1594 be denied based upon her failure to accurate reveal relevant convictions on her application, her record of violations related to the license activity and her record as a repeat law offender and failure to cooperate with the committee. Alderperson whole shoe. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. I move that the reporter committee be accepted and adopted. Is there a second? Under discussion. Is Faith Gabriel C? Is not here today nor was she able to attend the two requests to our meeting so we have denied her application because she did not cooperate with our committee. Thank you for that report. Is there any other discussion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll? 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 5.2 is an RC number 311 of 1617 by law and licensing to whom was referred RO number 194 of 1617 by the city clerk submitting various license applications, recommends that taxi cab drivers license application 1625 be denied based upon his failure to accurate reveal relevant convictions on his application, his record of violations related to the license activity and his record as a repeat law offender and failure to cooperate with the committee. Alderperson whole shoe. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. I move that the report of committee be accepted and adopted. Second. We have a motion on the floor under discussion. Is there a Jesse Rogelow here? Jesse was unable to attend nor was he able to attend the two meetings that we requested him to appear at.  Thank you for that comment. Any other discussion? Seeing none. Will the clerk please call the roll? 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 5.3 is RC number 313 of 1617 by the law licensing committee to whom was referred RO number 194 of 1617 by the city clerk and recommended various license application and recommends that taxi cab drivers license application number 1622 be denied based upon his record of violations related to the license activity and his failure to cooperate with the committee. Alderperson whole shoe. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. I move that the report of committee be accepted and adopted. Second. Thank you for that motion and support under discussion. Is Gayle Nelson available or here? She is not here and she did appear on the two occasions she was requested to come to our meeting so we denied her due to lack of cooperation with the committee. Is there any other discussion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 5.4 is RC number 314 of 1617 by law and licensing to whom is referred RO number 194 of 1617 by the city clerk submitting various licensed applications and recommends a taxicab driver license application 1614 be denied based upon his record of violations related to the licensed activity, his record as a repeat law offender and failure to cooperate with the committee. All the person holds you. Thank you Mr. Mayor. I move that the report of committee accepted and adopted. Second. Thank you for that motion in support under discussion. Is Kenneth Crain here? Kenneth was asked on two occasions to appear before our committee and chose not to attend. Therefore his license was denied due to his lack of cooperation with our committee. Thank you for those comments. Is there any other discussion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 5.5 is RC number 315 of 1617 by law and licensing to whom is referred RO number 194 of 1617 by the city clerk submitting various license application recommends that the taxicab driver's license application 1627 be denied based upon his failure to accurate review all relevant convictions on his application, his record of violations related to the licensed activity, his record as a repeat law offender and failure to cooperate with the committee. All the person holds you. Thank you Mr. Mayor. I move that the report of committee be accepted and adopted. Second. Motion on the floor under discussion. Is Mr. Craig Bursch Burschner here? Mr. Burschner was unable to make it this evening as well as the two requests to our committee. So the committee has denied his application due to lack of cooperation with our committee. Thank you for those comments. Any other discussion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Item 15.6 is RC number 326 of 1617 by finance to whom was referred resolution number 193 of 1617, direct referral by all the person wolf authorizing a transfer of appropriations in the 2017 budget to establish revenue and appropriation for contracted services for planning and preliminary engineering services related to the expansion of the business park. Shpoig and Business Center recommends that the resolution be passed. All the person will. Thank you, Mayor. I make a motion to accept and adopt and pass resolution. Second. Thank you for that motion in support. Is there any discussion? Seeing none, will the clerk please call the roll. 12 ayes. One no. Motion passes. Item 5.7 is RC number 327 of 1617 by public works to whom was referred general ordinance number 37 of 1617 by all the person belanger repealing their in recreating section 74 dash 56 of the municipal code relating to alcohol possession, consumption and parks and recommends that the attached substitute ordinance be passed. All the person belanger. Thank you, Mayor. I move to accept, adapt and pass a substitute ordinance. Thank for that motion in support. Is there any discussion on the motion? All the person holds you. Yes, I wonder all the person belanger. Sure, that's no problem. There's been issue in the past with police regarding Water Street Park and Riverside Park. And there have been issues or issues related to alcohol consumption and drinking right next to the playgrounds where little kids are playing and families are participating in activities. And it was it became a habitual problem and the police came to public works department and requested that there be a change in the ordinance. The attorney Adams drafted the substitute resolution and that's what it contains. It just prohibits alcohol in those two parks. And it doesn't really affect anything else as far as the city's parks go. Thank you for that explanation. Is there any other discussion? Say no other clerk please call the roll for passage. Motion passes. Item five point rather six point one under matters laid over is our number two twenty four of sixteen seventeen by the city clerk submitting as a matter of record the Sheboygan County Humane Society's annual finance report for twenty fifteen the twenty sixteen report to follow in May. All the person down here. I move to accept and file second. Thank you for that motion and support. Is there any discussion on the motion. Seeing none with all those in favor please signify by saying aye. Opposed. Motion passes. Item six point two is resolution number one ninety two sixteen seventeen by Alderperson Wolfe being a declaration of official intent of the city of Sheboygan Wisconsin to reimburse an expenditure with proceeds of borrowing or borrowing authorized by the issuer for the project of the twenty seventeen model boom egg CR three fifty two paving machine equipped with Carlson eight to fifteen foot wide screen and accessories and training with the maximum principal amount of the borrowing or borrowing to be incurred to reimburse the expenditures for the described purposes is recently expected on the date thereof to be three hundred and fifty eight million thousand nine hundred thousand nine hundred dollars Alderperson Wolfe. Thank you mayor. I make a motion to pass the resolution. Thank you for that motion. Is there support. Second. We have a second. The item is on the on the floor for discussion. See no discussion with a clerk please call the roll thirteen eyes. Motion passes for other matters after the agenda was prepared I'll turn it over to assistant city attorney Rose Simon Silva. Welcome. Thank you. Seven point one is a resolution by Alderperson Wolfe authorized authorizing the transfer of appropriations in the two thousand seventeen budget to establish revenue and appropriation for contracted services for fire station to architectural and engineering services associated with the reconstruction of the restructure that will be referred to the finance committee. Seven point two is our own number two thirty dash sixteen or seventeen by the city clerk submitting various license applications that will be referred to the law and licensing committee and a seven point three is a resolution by Alderperson Wolfe authorizing the mayor to execute the twenty seventeen amended general contract between Shevoiden County Health and Human Services Department and Shoreline Metro regarding transportation for elderly and disabled individuals. That'll be referred to the transit committee. Alderperson Donahue. Thank you mayor I move to adjourn. Second. Thank you for that motion and support. All those in favor of adjourning please signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed. We stand adjourned. Thank you for your time tonight. Ten minutes.


Hello, it's Waylon Chow and this is Basic Forms of Business Organization Module 4a Part D. In this part, we will begin our examination of the corporation. In particular, look at how a corporation is formed and start looking at some of the key legal aspects of a corporation. Let's now look at corporations. How is a corporation formed? If you are in Ontario and you want to form a business corporation, you need to decide whether you want to form your corporation as a provincial corporation under the Ontario Business Corporations Act or OBCA, or form a federal corporation under the CBCA or Canada Business Corporations Act. If you choose to form an OBCA corporation and if you are operating just in Ontario, then everything is fine. But if you do want to operate your OBCA corporation outside of Ontario in other provinces in Canada, you are able to do that, but you need to take an extra step of obtaining extra provincial licenses in each province that you will operate in that is outside of Ontario. If you choose to form a federal CBCA corporation, that allows you to operate anywhere in Canada without need for any additional licenses. So once you've decided to form an OBCA or CBCA corporation, the next step is to pay the appropriate fee and file various documents at the appropriate federal or provincial government office. What you need to file is a document called Articles of Incorporation, and you also need to file a name search report on the proposed name of your corporation. So that name search report will indicate whether or not that proposed name is already being used by someone else. So once you file those documents along with the fee, a certificate of incorporation is issued. So that marks the birth of the corporation. So this certificate is like the equivalent of a birth certificate, except it indicates the birth of this corporation. One of the documents that needs to be filed to form a corporation is the Articles of Incorporation. So the articles are usually prepared by a corporate lawyer and would contain the fundamental characteristics of the corporation, which would include the name of the corporation, the different classes and numbers of shares are authorized to be issued by the corporation, the number of directors that will be on the board of directors that manages the corporation, and any restrictions on the transfer of the ownership of the shares, and also any restrictions on the business that the corporation is allowed to carry on. There are generally two types of business corporations, public corporations and private corporations. Public corporations issues its shares to the general public, and those shares are listed on a public stock exchange, like the Toronto Stock Exchange. So that means that any member of the general public who has a brokerage account is able to buy and sell those shares on the stock exchange. Because the shares are available to the general public, public corporations are subject to an extra layer of government regulation under provincial securities law. Private corporations are essentially corporations whose shares are not listed on a public stock exchange. So the number of shareholders is usually much smaller than with a public corporation, and generally a private corporation because it does not meet the requirements of securities law, cannot issue shares to the general public. The key legal aspects of a corporation are, most significantly, it is a separate legal person, and there is limited liability for the shareholders of the corporation. Within the corporation, there is a separation of the ownership roles and the management roles. And like with a partnership agreement, for a corporation, it's highly advisable, highly recommended, that the shareholders have an agreement. We'll also look at shareholders' rights, shareholders' remedies. So these are the remedies available where a shareholder has to go to court to protect his or her interests. Another legal aspect is the directors and officers of fiduciary duty that they owe to the corporation, and also the directors' officers' duty of care. How well do they have to do their job? In contrast to a sole proprietorship or a partnership, a corporation is a separate legal person. It is separate from its owners, the shareholders. So a corporation, because it is a separate legal person, can do almost anything legally that a human person can do. It can carry on business, it can own property, it can possess rights, and it can incur liabilities. A shareholder can be an employee or creditor of a corporation, and that's because the corporation is a separate legal person. The corporation can hire a shareholder as an employee or the shareholder can lend money to the corporation because the corporation is a separate legal person. And because it is a separate legal person, a corporation can live on even if the original shareholder dies or withdraws from the business. The second key legal aspect is the limited liability of shareholders. Because a corporation is a separate legal person, any debts of a corporation is a debt of the corporation, and shareholders have no liability for the corporation's obligations or debts. So that would include obligations arising from contracts and also torts. However, it's quite common, especially with a private corporation, that a shareholder provide a personal guarantee for a corporation's debt. And because of that personal guarantee, the shareholder can be made personally liable for that debt. Quite often, a bank will ask for that personal guarantee, especially if the corporation, which is the borrower, does not have a sufficient credit rating or doesn't have sufficient assets or maybe revenue history for the bank to confidently lend to the corporation without that guarantee. The creditors of a corporation can only claim against the assets of the corporation because the corporation is the one that owes the money, not the shareholder. So that means the shareholder's personal assets are not at risk unless, of course, the shareholder has provided a personal guarantee of a corporation's debt. So a shareholder's liability, or in other words, the amount of money that it can potentially lose, is limited to the amount that the shareholder paid for his or her shares. There is an exception to this limited liability of shareholders. So this is where a court may, what we call, pierce the corporate veil to impose a corporation's liability on a shareholder. In other words, to make a shareholder personally liable for a debt of the corporation. So a court will only do this rarely, but where there is serious wrongdoing or unfairness, or in particular, if there's some kind of fraud where the corporation is used to perpetrate the fraud, then a court will ignore the fact that the corporation is a separate legal person and make the shareholder personally liable by piercing the corporate veil. With a corporation, we have at the very top of this diagram the shareholders who are the owners of the corporation, and if they are common shareholders, they have the ability to elect the directors of the corporation. So those directors form the board of directors, and the board of directors has the power to appoint the officers of the corporation, and the board has the responsibility of high-level supervision and management of the corporation. So the officers that are appointed by the board of directors are typically called the executives. So these would include the CEO, CFOs, and various VPs, vice presidents. So these officers are the ones that are responsible for the day-to-day management of the business of the corporation. Now, there is a separation of ownership and management with a corporate structure. The ownership is represented by the shareholders, and the management is done by the board of directors and the officers. So the board of directors takes care of the high-level stuff and the officers take care of the day-to-day management. Now, one thing to keep in mind is that even though these are three different roles, being the shareholders, directors, and officers, it is entirely possible for one person to have more than one role. One person could conceivably be a shareholder, a director, and an officer or any combination of those three. A shareholder's agreement is typically used with private corporations. The issue that the shareholder's agreement is meant to address is the general rule, being that majority rules. So what that specifically means is that the shareholder with more than 50% of the voting shares can impose their will and have full control over a corporation without any say from the minority shareholders. So basically, the majority can do whatever they want. So with the shareholder's agreement, it allows the minority shareholders to have some role or influence as agreed to within the shareholder's agreement. So specifically, a shareholder's agreement may deal with a number of different things, including the voting rights of the shareholders, how the directors are selected. Let's say, for example, if we have a 60% shareholder and a 40% shareholder, without a shareholder's agreement dealing with a selection of directors, the 60% shareholder would have, because of the majority rules rule, the 60% shareholder would have the right to select all of the directors on the board or directors. But with the shareholder's agreement, we can have a more fair allocation of the selection of the directors between the majority shareholder and the minority shareholder. The shareholder's agreement could also deal with the selection of officers. So if with a private corporation, we might want one of the shareholders to be the CEO. So if we want to put that in writing, then we would put that into the shareholder's agreement. We would also put into the agreement various requirements for shareholder approval, like what different types of decisions or subjects that need to be approved by the shareholder and by how many or what percentage of shareholders. We would also, or we could also put in the shareholder's agreement any restrictions on the transfer of ownership of shares of the corporation. With a unanimous shareholders agreement, all of the shareholders could agree to transfer some or all of the directors' powers over to the shareholders. So those powers have to do with the high level of supervision and management of the corporation. In terms of share transfer restrictions, in a private corporation, shareholders usually do not want other shareholders to sell their shares to just anyone. The typical restrictions that we could see in a shareholders' agreement are, for example, a right or first refusal. So if we have one shareholder who wants to sell their shares, and they get an offer from someone else to buy their shares, they have to first offer those shares for sale to the other shareholders of the corporation at the same price that the outside person is willing to pay. Another type of restriction in terms of selling off shares is called a shotgun buy-sell provision. So this is a very interesting kind of provision. So the best way to explain it is with an example. So if we have shareholder A, so we have a corporation with two shareholders, shareholder A and shareholder B, shareholder A offers to sell his or her shares to shareholder B for $100 per share. So on receiving that offer, shareholder B now has a choice to make. Shareholder B can choose to either buy shareholder A shares for $100 per share or, more interestingly, the other choice is for shareholder B to sell all of his or her shares to shareholder A at the same price that shareholder A offered. So for the $100 price. So what this type of provision forces someone like shareholder A to do when offering to sell shares at a particular price, it requires shareholder A to think much, much harder about what is a fair price for the sale of the shares because shareholder A will know that shareholder B, if the price is low, will turn around and buy, buy out shareholder A. Let's now get back to Lucy's lemonade. The limited partnership with Lucy, Marcy and Mom has been very successful. They now operate from three profitable locations. Lucy and Marcy want to raise even more capital so they can open storefront locations and sell franchises across Canada. So they go on the show, Dragon's Den and are able to convince two dragons to invest $100,000 into the business. In exchange, the dragons want control over the high level management of the business. But Lucy and Marcy want to maintain control over the day-to-day management. How should the business be reorganized? Please pause the video at this point so you can consider that question. How should the business be reorganized? The first step is to convert the limited partnership into a corporation named Lucy's Lemonade Corp. Now, given that part of the plan is to expand across Canada, it would make better sense to incorporate under the CBCA instead of OBCA. If it was done under the OBCA, we would need to take the extra step of obtaining extra provincial licenses in each province outside of Canada. So we've decided to incorporate a CBCA corporation. Now we need to decide on what is the appropriate share structure of this corporation. So the share structure can be set up in any number of different ways, but the simplest structure would be to have one class of common shares. More than 50% of those shares would be issued to the Dragons, and the remaining shares would be split between Lucy, Marcy, and Mom. Now we would also need, after we set up the corporation and the share structure, we would need a shareholder's agreement. So that would be negotiated between Lucy, Marcy, Mom, and the Dragons. The Dragons would want to select at least a majority of the Board of Directors and they would want control over the high-level management of the corporation, so that requires having control over at least a majority of the Board of Directors. And Lucy and Marcy would probably want to be directors in order to have some high-level influence over the management of the corporation. Now to give Lucy and Marcy control over day-to-day management, because remember that's one thing the shareholder's agreement could specify that Lucy and Marcy be appointed by the Board of Directors to be the officers of the corporation. So let's say we could make Lucy the CEO and Marcy the vice president or chief operating officer, let's say.


A warm welcome to the 24th session of the third module in signals and systems. We will now continue the discussion that we had started the last time about what happens when we sample and hold. Let us put all that we did all together first. So, let us look at the signal x t that we gave the ideal sampler, which produced an output x s t and the hold which produced x h t, so called held wave form. Now, let us consider x t to have obeyed the Nyquist principle. So, if it obeys the Nyquist principle, it is band limited. There can be no frequency component more than half of the sampling frequency, which is 1 by T s. And we also know the frequency response of this. We have calculated it. Let us see graphically what is going on here. So, you know let us take a spectrum, a typical prototype spectrum as you might have. So, you know suppose it is band limited, let us first make life simple by making the band falls smoothly from 0 onwards, you know a spectrum something like this perhaps. So, I am showing its Fourier transform in the cycles per second domain. What would happen after sampling? So, let us call the spectrum of the sample signal as x s f. You have the original spectrum and its copies. Remember we gave a name to these copies. We call them aliases. Now, let us sketch the Fourier transform of the hold and then let us put the hold on this. So, sketch of the frequency response of the hold. The first thing is we need to write it in the cycles per second domain. So, we need to write capital H of f, so to speak. Let us sketch its magnitude. Now, notice that we have a main lobe and side lobes here and now let me do one thing. Let me lift that main lobe and put it where it should be in the spectrum that we brought out before. Let me put the side lobes in their correct place. Look at the drawing carefully. You see the main lobe runs all the way from minus 1 by T s to plus 1 by T s. So, it is all the way up to the sampling frequency. However, your signal spectrum should not go beyond half. So, this is where your signal spectrum would lie in this little box here or this little region here that I have marked out in red. So, let us do that superposition. So, if I put the main lobe, now let us not worry too much about the magnitudes, the scale of the magnitudes. So, you are multiplying it by a factor of T s. All that can be controlled by putting a gain or I mean a gain more than one or a gain less than one. So, let us not worry too much about that. It is the form that is important, not so much the amplitudes. Let me put on top of this spectrum, the spectrum of the hold in red. So, the main lobe comes here and then you have the side lobes going away from there. So, therefore, what is the consequence of sampling and holding? You know there are two things that are happening as a consequence of sampling and holding. One thing is the distortion that is going to come in the original spectrum. So, you know this red part, the red main lobe which now sits on top of the original spectrum and some part of the first two aliases, you know this is the first aliase on the positive frequency side and the first aliase here on the negative frequency side. The main lobe sits on the original and the first two aliases. So, the original gets distorted and so do the aliases. So, in the process of sampling and holding, what is happening? One thing is that the aliases are passing through partially. You know you are not point able to stop those aliases. Secondly, the original is getting distorted. That is the pity. Even if you had let the aliases pass, perhaps one could have followed it up with some kind of a filter that removed all frequencies beyond half the sampling frequency. But because of the distortion of the original spectrum, you also need a correction. You need what is called equalization to out to the effect of that main lobe as it lies over the original spectrum. So, let us make a note of that. Let us go back to this drawing. So, you see basically we need equalization here in this part. Let me mark it in green. I will say correction needed or equalization needed and what is the nature of that equalization? We can write that down very easily. It is essentially the reciprocal of the hold system function, the reciprocal of the hold frequency response. So, essentially one by that frequency response. Now, of course, you cannot let this expression apply for all f because there are nulls. So, you know this would only apply in a certain zone. We can even sketch it. We can get an idea of how it will look. Let us sketch that. So, the green spectrum is essentially the sink main lobe corresponding to the hold and we need the reciprocal only in the signal band namely minus 1 by 2 TS to 1 by 2 TS and that reciprocal would look something like this. You know, it would take its minimum at 0 and at 0, of course, it will have the value 1. Let me show it to you in red. You go to maximum at the edges. Now, of course, you can see that if you carry this all the way up to 1 by TS and minus 1 by TS, it will go to infinity. So, that means nothing. So, you see that equalization has a meaning only in the signal band between minus 1 by 2 TS and plus 1 by 2 TS. Beyond that, anyway you have aliases. So, you want to throw them away. So, the net result is that if I wish to reconstruct a signal after being sampled and held, I notionally need to do two things. I, of course, need to cut out all these carbon copies, all these aliases which have been created. But together with that, I also need to equalize. So, now, the ideal reconstructor, what is the ideal reconstructor for a sample and hold situation? We should write that down. So, the ideal reconstructor needs to do equalization in the signal band, stopband in all outside the signal band. And you know the nature of equalization that is required. In other words, when you have sampling and holding in the operation, the ideal reconstructor is not going to be flat in the signal band. That is what we need to understand. Now, a natural question arises, is this the only kind of interpolation? No, we have seen there can also be linear interpolation. How do we capture the effect of linear interpolation? We will talk about it in the next session. Thank you.


In strength training, your return on investment is used to describe the net benefits of continued strength increases compared to the amount of resources that you must invest to stimulate that increase. The novice linear progression program establishes a baseline level of strength for new lifters. During this period, strength adaptations are large and occur rapidly. You are significantly stronger workout to workout and able to add weight to the bar each time you go to the gym.  However, the longer you train, the harder you have to work for smaller and less frequent and less impactful strength gains. In strength training, your return on investment or ROI is used to describe the net benefits of continued strength increases compared to the amount of resources, being time, effort, energy, etc. that you must invest to stimulate that increase. When you're first starting, your resource investment is fairly small. You don't have to spend a lot of time in the gym, you don't have to work super hard at the beginning, and you can loosely track your recovery variables. There will eventually come a point when your ROI reaches its peak and progress beyond this point is not worth the investment and that's okay. It's called the law of diminishing returns. It means the amount of resources you pour into strength training will not be worth resulting strength adaptations. As an example, elite and advanced lifters consistently train for hours and hours every day and maintain strict control over their diet and sleep for a couple pound increase in their one rep maxes. Most people will not want to adopt this extreme lifestyle to add a couple pounds to their squat. The truth is, the average lifter isn't interested in spending more than six hours in the gym every week. They may not want to count all of their macros every single day. They don't want to turn down life experiences to make sure they get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night. It's important for you as a lifter to figure out where this peak is and plan out how you're going to adapt your training in order to maintain your strength, health, and performance while keeping your life in balance. It's difficult to do, but luckily starting strength online coaches are more than qualified to help you maximize your ROI. Find your peak and plan your training so you can continue to be strong and enjoy your time in the gym. To learn more, click here.


Let's read the story today. The title of our story is Glenn and Glenda. Glenn is a boy.  He likes playing with locks. Glenda is a girl. She wears a blue skirt. Her skirt has a slit. She has a lip gloss. It is pink. Glenn and Glenda are pals. They like looking at birds that fly. They play all day. They are glad to be together. Did you understand the story? Let's do a comprehension check.  Glenn or Glenda? Right, Glenn. What does Glenn like to play with? Cars or blocks? Yes, blocks. Who wears a blue skirt? Is it Glenn or Glenda? Correct, it's Glenda. What does Glenda have? Lip gloss or doll? Lip gloss, right. What do Glenn and Glenda like to look at? Dogs that play or birds that fly? Yes, birds that fly. In your book, color Glenn and Glenda. Make sure that Glenn has black slacks and Glenda a blue skirt. You can choose any other color for the shirts and blouse. Once again, thanks for watching.


Selamat pagi, semua. Saya iyan. Hari ini saya akan mempunyai akustik untuk rumah. Dan juga untuk membuat kebaikan terbaik di luar hifi di studio di rumah. Jadi banyak yang kita fokuskan pada rumah adalah mengembangkan perkara-perkembangan, perkara-perkembangan, dan juga akustik. Sebenarnya, perkara-perkembangan sebenarnya sangat besar. Saya memahami bahawa apabila saya membutuhkan perut, saya berfikir saya dapat menghubungi semua perkara-perkembangan hari ini. Tapi saya rasa saya mungkin perlu menghubungi beberapa perkara-perkembangan. Dan memberikan lebih banyak masa untuk anda menyebabkan pertanyaan. Bukankah kita akan mengetahui? Dan mari kita mulakan dengan beberapa perkara-perkembangan. Saya ada 15 tahun yang telah memperkenalkan bahagian dan musik. Saya bermula melakukannya apabila saya 14 tahun dan saya mempunyai kerja profesional yang pertama saya telah memperkenalkan bahagian. Dan saya membuat studio pertama saya apabila saya 21 tahun. Jadi daripada itu, saya memperkenalkan dan membantu orang-orang untuk memperkenalkan pekerja rumah mereka atau membuat studio rumah mereka, atau studio keperluan profesional. Dan walaupun sekarang, saya mempunyai penerbangan dan sinimah. Jadi, saya juga mempunyai penerbangan dan membuat perkenalanan. Saya juga membuat perkenalanan dan membuat perkenalanan. Saya juga memasak musik di US. Okey, pertama kita akan mulakan dengan beberapa perkara-perkembangan. Kita perlu menikmati beberapa perkara-perkembangan ini. Kamu dapat melihat perkara-perkembangan ini. Dan ini seperti perkara-perkembangan yang lebih baik. Semua orang akan mengatakan perkara-perkembangan yang baik. Sebenarnya, dalam kes ini... Okey, dalam perkara-perkembangan normal, jika saya memperkenalkan beberapa perkara-perkembangan seperti itu, saya akan mengatakan, saya harus mendengar dan menarikannya untuk melihat jika perkara-perkembangan lebih baik. Tetapi, dalam kes ini, perkara-perkembangan ini adalah penerbangan yang terkenal di UK di Royal Albert Hall. Ia dipanggil untuk penerbangan yang baik. Tetapi, kerana penerbangan yang baik, anda fikir bahawa itu mempunyai penerbangan yang baik. Dan keadaan ini, nampaknya art gallery, art gallery mempunyai penerbangan yang lebih teruk. Selain itu, anda akan bercakap. Dan perkara-perkembangan ini, anda dapat mendengar semua perkara-perkembangan dan sebagainya. Tetapi, dalam kes ini, saya tidak akan memilih perkara-perkembangan ini. Ia adalah penerbangan yang terkenal dengan aplastik aplastik. Jadi, sebenarnya, ia sudah telah dilakukan dengan aplastik aplastik dan ia tidak dapat memiliki banyak kepercayaan. Jadi, ini mungkin akan menjadi lebih baik aplastik. Jadi, apa yang saya cuba katakan di sini adalah, apakah ia berbicara yang baik atau tidak, apakah aplastik yang lebih baik, tidak ada apa-apa yang berlaku dengan perlihatan. Tidak ada apa-apa yang berlaku dengan material. Ia adalah cara anda memdesainya. Ia adalah cara anda sebenarnya mengalakannya untuk menggunakan wujud bersama dengan material lain. Macam mana anda membalaskan wujud yang berlaku di dalam bilik. Ia adalah lebih penting daripada wujud sendiri. Jadi, ini adalah perkara pertama yang saya mahu berlaku dengan baik. Kerana ini adalah penerbangan yang terkenal. Biasanya anda melihat wujud. Tetapi, itu mungkin tidak yang benar. Okey. Pertama, saya mahu berlaku dengan perkara pertama untuk perlihatan wujud. Perlihatan wujud sebenarnya tidak ada, tetapi mungkin pada masa depan, seseorang boleh berlaku dengan baik. Ia memang berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud. Tetapi sekarang, ia tidak berlaku dengan benar. Tidak ada apa-apa yang berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud. Perlihatan wujud tidak seperti perlihatan wujud. Anda melakukan perlihatan wujud di dalam bilik, kemudian wujud akan berlaku dengan bilik lain. Perlihatan wujud, tidak apalah jika anda berlaku dengan berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud, ia tetap berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud. Jadi ia tidak berlaku dengan benar. Ia hanya menggunakan perlihatan wujud, seperti perlihatan wujud. Untuk menulis satu contoh. Ia adalah studio Galaxy, Belgium. Biasanya menggunakan perlihatan wujud di dalam bilik. Berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud di sisi penerbangan. Berlaku dengan perlihatan wujud di dalam bilik tidak lebih daripada 60 cm dan ia sangat berlaku. Sebenarnya, saya tidak tahu bagaimana mereka membuat. Ia mempunyai diri sendiri. Sudah tentu, ia mungkin mempunyai seluruh seluruh seluruh, tetapi perjalanan dan segala-galanya akan terlalu tinggi. Sehingga di sini, kita dapat melihat hanya 100.7 deksipus. Deksipus adalah sebuah suara. Jika anda ingin berfikir, kita boleh berfikir 1.95. Deksipus, sebaiknya anda perlu tahu, ia adalah sebuah suara. Jadi, 100 deksipus berfikir, bermakna jika saya mempunyai suara 100 deksipus di situ, sebuah suara sebaiknya tidak ada di sini. Tapi jika saya mempunyai sesuatu seperti sebuah suara sebaiknya, sebaiknya sebaiknya tidak ada di sini. Jika anda masih di sini, 100 deksipus di situ. Jadi ia tidak benar-benar sebaiknya. Ini adalah konsep lain yang saya ingin memberikan. Jika anda tidak memperkenalkan suara, dan bahkan pesanan dunia, jika anda berada di api, mungkin ada sebuah besar pistol di sana. Dan sebenarnya, anda dapat berfikir di sini. Sebelum kita bincangkan tentang transmisi suara, ada beberapa ketuaan yang berbeza. Kedua ketuaan yang basic, yang kita biasanya berkaitan dengan suara sebaiknya, membawa keadaan. Seperti yang saya cakap, suara berjalan ke kawasan keadaan adalah periuk telat, jadi ini adalah periuk telat, periuk telat. Salah yang lain, ia adalah periuk telat, periuk telat, maksudnya itu membutuhkan negara terlalu keras. Contohnya, anda disenging di bahagian dan anda bergurau. Jadi itu adalah periuk telat, biasanya lebih dari periuk telat. Tapi selain itu, periuk telat dapat menjadi periuk telat dan periuk telat dengan periuk telat. Ini adalah bahan yang yang perlu diperlihatkan. Itu kita lihat bagaimana kita menerima atau mempunyai standard untuk istimewa.  Untuk kebebasan yang itu Jadi kebebasan itu memang tidak Sebuah kebebasan yang perlu dipercayai Ia ada perbezaan 5-8 Dibuat dengan kebebasan Dan kebebasan itu adalah kebebasan ideal Mereka mempunyai segalanya Kebebasan itu mempunyai 12 kebebasan Jadi ia adalah kebebasan ideal Jadi mereka dapat membuat kebebasan SDC Tetapi dalam perasaan Apabila anda membuat kebebasan di rumah anda Ia pasti sangat rendah daripada kebebasan Kadang-kadang saya melihat Apabila kita membuat kebebasan normal Mereka selalu berkata BcSA yang tersebut Memang mempunyai kebebasan di rumah kita Dan tersebut Sebenarnya, untuk kebebasan kawasan Mungkin 42-45 mungkin Di sekitar itu Tetapi Cara yang telah dihentikan Dan cara yang telah dipercayai Mungkin tidak dapat mencapai 42-45 Tidak, tidak Sudah tentu tidak Sebenarnya, saya akan berkata Biasanya tidak akan mencapai 42-45 Dan tidak ada kebebasan kawasan BCA untuk itu sekarang Ya, dengan lebih Biasanya HDB membuat sesuatu Dan semua orang menikmati Jadi kontrakter semua akan menikmati Dan semua orang juga akan menikmati Mungkin kerana kebebasan kebenaran Mungkin mereka mungkin mempunyai kebebasan yang berbeda Tetapi Biasanya Biasanya kebebasan tersebut Dengan apa yang saya lihat Dan Jadi ini perlu dikenal Sebab itu, jika anda mempunyai Bagaimana jika anda mempunyai Biasanya anda mempercayai Untuk masalah Seperti Di antara dua masalah, anda dapat mendengar Bercakap dengan orang lain Sebenarnya Ya Ini adalah masalah yang terkenal Di Singapore Kerana tidak ada sebuah kawasan sebenar Untuk sebuah kawasan Dan One reason why I'm here Talk this tonight Is actually to have more awareness Of such a reference And Because the government side, I think it will take a while To actually implement all this And by the time your house will be built So Let's look at what we mean By the different levels STC for example So, okay For It means that a subjective description of effectiveness is a medium loud speech is clearly audible, occasional words understood. So this means that if you speak at a medium loud level, your neighbour should be able to hear you but cannot understand it totally. Maybe some words catch one or two words and this is between 42 and 45. And this assumes that the background noise is relatively quite quiet. So later I'll explain about the background noise but now we'll take it as this. So in order to reach, for example, you want to be able to play your hard-home theatre system super loud and neighbours will not disturb your neighbours. You need to reach at least 75 sdc. 65 sdc is usually quite good but it also depends on how loud you play your hard-home theatre. So this is important too. And one thing to note, which I forgot to put in the slides, was that sdc only measures 125 sdc and a berth, which means that it doesn't take into consideration the low frequencies I mentioned just not like the subwoofers, or the home theatre explosions and for example, if you like some gaming kind of music and all that, it's a lot of clothes. So it doesn't take that into consideration in the measure of sdc. So it means that, even if you have a super high sdc but your low frequency might not be well taken care of. So usually we need to get, when you need to control low frequencies you really need to get an expert in it. So usually most contractors can't really perform at this level. This is another myth that I want to bastard. I realise just a lot of, in Singapore, the acoustic industry is very, you know, in the hip-hop stage we did not really, we started long time ago but it's getting more popular nowadays we want more people being aware of it. But there's a lot of misinformation in the industry based on some contractor here say, internet, some article. We must be always aware that the fact is more important because most of all this are just here say and could be an opinion, could be just trying to sell you a product. So they always say that all you got you must use this material to achieve your sample ring for example. Actually that statement is only true to maybe half. In certain situations to many certain materials because you want a dinner, wall but you still want to achieve a high STC, certain materials you need to use. But other than that in most situations if you have no limit of space or no limit of actually most material, any material, common building materials can achieve very good STC usually. So to prove this look at this four wall building so you can see let me explain the strips you see dry wall these are the walls that most of your homes are built with inside of a core insulation which is usually fibreglass wrong move or some sort of absorbent material, fibreglass material. So and this box here is just a structure so it could be wouldn't suffice but in Singapore we use metal stacks. So you can see all this use the same number of materials but the STC are different because the way it's been designed the design is more important than actually the materials themselves. Again it's not about the materials. So you can see this wall here it has what we call triple leaf quadruple leaf so you can look that up and i will explain and this is a double leaf and this one is triple leaf so usually we aim for a double leaf in the construction of um usually that is the most effective in terms of being able to achieve the maximum effectiveness within the space plus the materials. So Ya you need to understand that sometimes certain contractor tell you so you have a tarik wall for example in your home it will not do enough can i add so some contractor say no problem but the problem is he didn't remove one side of the wall and he just add on to the wall and it has this effect so it has added a lower STC than what it should be so by right or before this materials you can achieve this but instead this is achieve now the wall so this is dry wall this is insulation cleaning and this is a structure so it's a top view top view is easier to see yes this is a double wall for the rich STC 60 but most of our homes are constructed in single walls so at most i think in our homes we can achieve is about 50 plus STC for single wall we need to do a double wall which takes up space and in the homes nowadays with the space so small but sometimes you might want because if you're doing a home studio or you plan to make your home theater loud so you probably need a double wall but in this situation it proves that actually the materials doesn't doesn't really matter not that really matters but it's only part of the solution so i often hear this the system we install this wall for example Yamaha school we install this wall it has been tried and tested we have lab test report as well as i'll let you sure no problem most of the time there's problem and usually they call me in to resolve which sounds like i get very frustrated because it shouldn't be that way in the first place okay this picture not proof that it shows the sneaky sound sound can go through so every site is different so every room is different the size of the room the volume of the room whether there is an air con dark sharing between the two rooms whether there is a common shared space above for wiring and lighting whether there are windows so what this shows for example the first part is the direct path so this path goes from a sound source for example if a very loud speaker we play back it goes through the wall to the other side so this will be reduced by the wall the direct transmission then we have other things what we call flanking transmissions flanking transmissions actually go through usually it's going through shared structural structure flooring for example ceiling usually they will give you a shared flooring most of the time that's the case and you would have problems transferring between the floor because as you transmit through this hard structure so no matter how good your wall you're still going through unless you take care if you couple the floor then you might remove it it depends on design so this is all the soundproofing and also the third one i want to mention if you have a shared ducted account sometimes certain private homes can ducted accounts that are shared and this actually needs to take into consideration because the sound can actually travel through that duct if there's no insulation between the exhaust and all that you will definitely transmit so the other home can hear i've done so much soundproofing but i still can hear sometimes it's through the aircon system and usually you need to especially design doors windows and doors common witnesses windows currently you can see a lot of contractors just say oh i put double things glass that's good enough but actually in true fact the double things unit can only achieve STC maybe 28 and in the field probably lower so it's not a very good i would say that isolation material but glass can be spec to be high sound isolation but the person speccing must know how to play around with the air gap and the type of glass and even that so those are more specialized skills which i won't go into detail but you need to look out for your windows and doors so you need sometimes in homes we have this problem whereby we hear a lot of sound from the corridor yeah this is a common thing usually you solve the door usually becomes quite acceptable but the doors are very expensive in industry standard for soundproof door let's say a wooden one a wooden one can probably let's say STC maybe 40 above usually cost at least 3k plus above one door so this is standard and if you want to go even higher you need method doors at least in the market cheapest you can find is probably without fire rating is probably about 8k for one door 8k for one door so doors are very expensive but there are many ways to get around the door but you need to give up space which i won't go into detail but in most of the time in homes you wouldn't want to give up space because you have a big room not that big so you don't want to give up room we can do double door system but both need to buy acoustic seals acoustic seals so you see those rubber thing around door sometimes you can see acoustic doors those are seals to prevent the sound from escaping the gaps between the door so you might say that why do i need to take care of this small gap just a small gap a small gap sometimes can leak as much as 10 decibel or more 15 even sometimes of sound through that little gap let's say 10mm gap but around 15 decibel 10mm gap so it's a we soundproofing is something you really need to be super OCD because you need to take care of every single detail so not only looking at the build the design itself you need to look at the actual side if you are actually doing the soundproofing you need to understand where are the weaknesses and all that so for this part i will conclude and later if you have any questions next i will cover is background noise so for example if i am in a very quiet environment when i first started doing soundproofing i wanted to do very high isolation so after i achieved the high isolation i realised some of my customers are not happy the reason is because the room has become so quiet that when they sit inside the room they close the door and they can hear just a little bit it becomes like they are oversensitive because there is lack of noise for example if i were to play now i start to speak maybe start to hear it becomes less clear it's the same thing so let's say in a quiet environment you can hear me very clearly but in a noisy environment you need to make it less needed to have high STC requirements because the noise is not as how to say that it will influence a subjective hearing so this is important so when the room is quiet they will be very sensitive but in some situations for example like recording studio you need to be quiet because recording studio you need to record the sound as pure as possible without any noise so in that situation then we need to actually control the noise in a different way we really need to plan out how the studio stay out so that they won't get disturbed by any small little noise that get lead to the record so that one is a design issue so i won't go too deep and background noise but this is another variance NSC which quite common commonly used in the industry usually they use to measure like a room for example like this they will switch on the aircon they will switch on the projector any other AV equipment they will switch it on but without playing anything just then they record the noise and they will crop it against a graph again the graph somewhere but it's against a graph so as long as the background noise fall below that graph it is within that particular NSC so NSC30 as a particular graph with all your noise below it once frequency exceeds the standard curve then you will have to move to the next level for example so this is a type of measurement NSC is USNR so this is how to measure noise ok so let's look at case study which i think can better relate i can hear my neighbour walking above me this is the most common complaint we get a lot of calls such things but there is bad news for this the good news is by right i feel this is my personal opinion this is the developers responsibility to ensure that this don't happen walking just normal walking you can hear is ridiculous we are not even talking about standard but this is like and i see it even in the most expensive auction condos this happens and i say this is ridiculous i think you should just complain to the developer and ask them to resolve this because it shouldn't be you paying one thing is very expensive one thing is almost impossible to isolate this sound there is two reasons why one reason is because the neighbour is on top so he is already living that and you want to let's say the best solution is always to treat the source so the source is the floor above to treat it above but it is still possible but the problem is because the floor is connected to the building structures so even if we do the ceiling the sound will come down through your walls so don't tell me you need to do your whole room and lose a lot of room and all that i feel this is resumming that the developers should resolve and be responsible for this one i think is good that more people become aware most people don't know they just accept it i have another case whereby a condo is also a condo right next to a major road the developer actually has done some due diligence but they forgot one thing because they designed it nice so they want two pieces of glass coming this way and because the joint of the glass is not done properly the noise in the morning is very loud from the traffic so the person can't see when they ask me why i measure what is way above even what is acceptable so i ask them to just go straight to the developer to resolve this because there is no point for me to recommend a solution for example adding another set of windows which limits their space and all that and this is all the same thing even if i want to do the ceiling it wouldn't resolve the problem 100% only 50% i can resolve whatever sound that is coming through the ceiling but i cannot resolve any sound that actually spread through the structure and because most of the footsteps this based on scientific testing are actually very low frequency actually sub-based frequencies that are even harder to treat than normal frequency so it is actually very tricky so this problem actually like this my advice is to move out when the fighters after the fighters i have one case which this next one the water pipe running next to the bed this is a design flaw again it happens in most of the condominium so the architect may not be the architect because sometimes the architect designs and the engineer takes care of the piping and they run it through right next to the bed and this problem was quite worth it because what happened was the holes between the two pipes the two levels were misalign so the pipe had an angle like this so what happened was it keeps leaking it keeps leaking and it's like she's going crazy so besides that they last resort upon they use a rather it can resort upon actually concrete feel the bottom with an L-shape kind of pipe so this shape so now the misalignment no longer of course because you have an L-shape but now you have another problem the sound will hit the pipe and it will be super loud this one we resolved it but my client was so frustrated about this that she wanted no noise even on the toilet side so imagine this pipe is in between the toilet and the bedroom so she wants no noise even in the toilet side but I told her it can't be possible because of that concrete feel it causes the structural transmission thing that I covered earlier but the sound actually travels through the structure no matter what you do doesn't work but what I can do for her is to isolate the sound on the bedroom side as much as I could I did decoupling of the wall but she lost some floor space which was quite a thick wall but we resolved this but this again the developer took responsibility for the cost which I think and next one is home data, gaming, karaoke sound system is driving me nuts this one is also another complaint usually in this situation I would say go to your neighbour to talk first because okay to resolve this you need to spend a lot of money and I feel it's not worth of course I mean being working for a company if they sell the product I'm happy but the thing is I don't want that to happen because this situation requires a lot of cost you will lose a lot of room in your room because you need to build all this extra wall, seating floor become like your homemade room super small so your whole house you need to do so imagine whole house just give you an idea of the cost of sound moving one bedroom maybe easily 10,000 one bedroom that is easily there is a few reasons one is material because in that kind of space you want to build your wall as thin as possible so you need to use certain materials that are not common there are thinner like 3-4mm but they are denser also because of the floating sometimes you need to float certain things the rubber or springs cost a lot and also the construction itself is different from the normal drywall so lot of people think that once build a normal drywall but the detail to build a soundproof wall is very different so all the joints between the wall and the floor and the ceiling all needs to be properly actually leave a gap and filled with proper acoustic sealant it's a lot of cost you think the sealant one tube at least 12-13 bucks that's the cheapest one no i still cheaper one so you use up very quickly in that sense when you start to fill those gaps and the other thing the time required to build is a lot more because of the detail you don't just wrap it up and screw in and that's it but you need to even i've seen some builders i think it does help but not to a big extent even the schools have certain gaps that they fulfill so like 300 mm between each other and the two sides let's say for example two walls that put in is actually staggered even they will go to that kind of detail to increase the STC so it's a lot of detail in building a soundproof wall that cost usually workers time and that's the main thing so this one when early in my career where i met this young couple who has this problem the neighbour below them have an old kind of fan mounted directly onto the structural beam so the actually transmit up to the bedroom actually this solution first thing i tell the person can you just go now and tell him to buy a new fan or acorn even if you want to do a soundproof but yes the young couple has already tried all avenues but the neighbour refuse to budge so and for the sake of their young kid who is sitting in the room they have to do soundproofing instead but we did want them that the effect won't be 100% because structural bond i can control the wall side but the floor will still come some coming through the floor so that one it's about 50% enough for the kid to sleep but not enough you can still hear it because the old fan is really very loud and so in this various situation you can see there are some cases which the developer need to be responsible for some cases you need to negotiate with your neighbours really no easy way out because soundproofing is not cheap and it's not easy you can control the source it's always a plus point when you go to a solid talent box can you go and down the volume bit so that actually is although it might seem a bit common sense but most people sometimes don't do it and just call us straight away the thing is we can't do much to resolve this because imagine if you would do the whole house soundproofing that would be at least 40,000 maybe 30,000 so it's definitely not but no one would spend that kind of money with my fellow mobile


فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيمي ثوبن إبراهيم ألأخميني مي الله مرسل فيه أحد يقول There are three signs of sincerity The one sees praise and blame from people as equal That one sees not his good deeds Even as he performs them And that one looks forward to And considers the rewards of his deeds on the day of resurrection There are three things which he can say That these are the signs of sincerity علامة اخلاص That this person is sincere The first one is استواق المده with دمي من العامة That the people's criticism And that the people's praise is to you the same That's all Sign of sincerity And this is very hard to attain To be honest That the people's praise and their criticism Becomes the same for you The second he said is وَنِسْيَانُ رُؤْيَةِ الْأَعْمَانِ فِي الْأَعْمَانِ is that you really don't see your righteous deeds You forget them Somebody will meet you and say أخي do you remember me What is it I was the person you one time helped And you did this for And you're like Oh I don't remember And there are another group of people When they help people They make that person feel like Why after I meet this person صح الله says in the Quran وَلَا تُبُطِلُ صَطَى وَلَا تُبُطِلُ صَطَى وَلَا تُبُطِلُ صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَدَى كَالَّذِ يُوفِقُمْ آلَهُ رِيَا الْلَسْ There's one يُبُطِلُ He destroys his صدقة بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَدَى All day he'll tell you the favor he did for you You remember me You can't forget me Can't you brother Because I'm the one who did this for you He meets you another day He's like I guess who's calling you brother All day you feel like Why did I meet this person I wish I never knew who he was He will text you it He'll say save my number I'm right next to it The brother who helped you He wants every moment and chance he gets He wants to sip it through Throw in That he was the one who favored you And he calls you harm because of that بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى أَذَى it calls you Another person doesn't remember what they do for people Because the reason is because They are not really concerned with their righteous deed وَالْذَانِكُ وَدِدْ سَعْدِى سَيَتَقَرَّبُونَ إِلَا الْمَلِيْكِ بِطَاعَتِهِمْ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ إِلَا الْمَلِيْكِ They get close to the Lord أألو فِعْلُ الفَرَائِذِ وَالْنَوَافِلُ فِعْلُ الفَرَائِذِ وَالْنَوَافِلُ دَعْدَابُهُمْ مع رؤية التقصير والنخصان فِعْلُ الفَرَائِذِ وَالْنَوَافِلِ دَعْبُهُمْ Do the obligatory things and stay away from the probability things It's from their norms That's what they do all day, every day مع رؤية التقصير والنخصان Even then they see themselves to be deficient They all see themselves up to standard So they really don't see importance They forget their righteous deeds And the third one is اختيضاء وثواب الآخرة في الآخرة They like to get the reward of their righteous deeds The day of judgment They don't want it in this world They don't do things so they can get rewarded now They don't want to reap the fruits right now All of them All it is for them is اخرة اخرة اخرة نعن أَلْفَ الْيِبِدِ إِمْنِيَا مَيَ اللَّهِ بِبِيزِهِمْ سِنْ To leave the action for the sake of people their praise is to show off And to undertake an action for the sake of people is shared to associate partners with Allah And sincerity is when Allah cures you of both these الله is powerful ترقل عملي لأجل الناس ريال If you leave an action because of the people you're like if I do the people and criticize me If I do the people all like this If I do this to the people the people for them they are saying ترقل عملي لأجل الناس ريال تي لي فين an action for the people's sake is shown off yes shown off why is it why does it matter to you what the people think why are you so concerned with what the people are saying the people don't like this the people don't like this the people are not ready for this the people are not ready for this the people are not ready for this the people are not ready for this ريال is shown off سكر on is وَلَا عملي لأجل الناس doing something for the people is shared when you actually initiate a righteous deed and you were not planning to do it you did it for the people that's what الشرك وَلِخْلَا سُعَا فِيَكَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَا مِنْهُمَا اخلاس means when Allah saves you and kills you from both of those two doing something for the people and leaving off something for the people when Allah kills you from those two is when you're sincere it's sincerity so this idea this notion that you see prevalent amongst the Muslim community today which is I know it's good I know it's good I know it's a righteous deed I just don't want the people to critique me I just don't want the people to say something about me it's a sickness it's an illness of the heart and the second one is وَلَا عملي لأجل الناس doing something for the people is another it's another illness and sincerity is that Allah kills you from the two نعم سهل تُسطاري may Allah have mercy on him and said those of knowledge and vision have looked into the meaning of sincerity and found that it is nothing but the following that both a man's movement and his motionless meaning everything he does and doesn't do whether they be seen or unseen by others are for the sake of Allah alone neither the desires of the self no one wins no worldly desires must be allowed to mix with his purity of intention so the author here رحمه الله he brings a statement of who سهل ابن عبدالله تُسطر سهل ابن عبدالله تُسطر he comes from a land called تُسطر he comes from a land called what تُسطر تُسطر is a very famous city سهل ابن عبدالله تُسطر he is from the Zuhad again he is from the aesthetic people he is from the Zuhad very aesthetic here رحمه الله once said when he defined إخلاص he said the smart ones they looked in the definition and the meaning of sincerity فنم يجدوا غير هاله this is the only thing that they could see what sincerity meant which is أن تكون حركته وسكوله في سره وعالانية لله تعالى وحدة they found when they looked at the definition of sincerity that the real meaning that it revolves around is your movements your motionless when your movements and when you're still when it's private and when it's public all of it's for Allah's sake you're not doing it for anyone else so when you're doing something you're doing it for his sake when you're not doing anything you're doing it for his sake when you're private and no one can see you you're doing it for him whatever you're doing privately and in public when you're doing something you're doing it for him سبحانه وتعالى all of those are what sincerity لا يُمَزِجُهُ شيء he doesn't mix it with anything else لا نفسُن ولا هون ولا دونيان he doesn't mix it with his nafs his desires he doesn't mix it up with his inclination nor does he even mix it with the only game none of that none السرِّي السرِّي may Allah have mercy on him once said do not do anything for the sake of people and do not forsake anything for their sake and do not hide anything meaning hide any of your actions for their sake and do not disclose anything meaning disclose any of your actions for their sake for the sake of people means with the hope of being praised or thanked by them instead one's intention in all these actions should be the pleasure of Allah the author here says سرِّي لا تعمل لناس الشيء don't do anything for the people ولا تترون لهم شيء and because of the people don't leave something don't leave something because of the people ولا تُعطي لهم شيء and don't because of the people don't give something ولا تكشف لهم شيء and because of the people don't unveil something all of it be for Allah's sake wherever you do whether you withhold whether you go forward and you do something whether it's private whether it's public it does not matter whether it's public it does not matter all of it is for Allah سبحانه وتعالى the minimum level of sincerity أقل is استواء السرِّ والعالمية حذيفة المرعشي said this before is when they are level they are the same they are equal they are proportional they are proportional you are private and your public affairs are both the same you are what you are in private what you are in public you don't have a different thing behind closed doors you are a student of knowledge behind closed doors you seek knowledge behind closed doors you're studying you're learning you're praying you're fasting you're ta'aak obedience that you're doing behind closed doors and publicly you're also doing the same so you're no way different نعم look at this الحارث المحاسبي his name is موحاسبي بضم الميمي we have to praise as some Ali mentions in his Kitab and Saab the reason why he was called موحاسبي by the way is because they said he was excessive in accounting himself يحاسب نفسه كثيرا some Ali say this he was very well known for accounting himself he used to ask himself every time and he would say to himself why have you done this and they say that Allah combined for him the عمل of a private affairs and his public affairs were high they were of high level and as I said these people ايه اخوة الكرام صوفية okay and it's something that we find سبحان الله very common upon a person who is عقيد is meant to be sound and we should know Allah سبحانه وتعالى as names and attributes and Eman and صحاب and قضاء قدر وعد والوعيد the usul of the people of Sunnah he's in good line with the people of Sunnah but then when you look at him he doesn't have these things he doesn't have these تسكير to the nefs this purity that's needed that's missing from this person ما الله قيبا سبحانه وتعالى he says اصادقه هو الذي لا يبالي لو خرج كل قدر الله في قلوب الخلق بالأجل صلاحي قلبه that the truthful one this sincere person he doesn't care لا يبالي does not care لو خرج كل قدر الله في قلوب الخلق in the hearts of the people if every respect they had for him goes they don't respect him anymore every respect they had for him gone he doesn't care means اجل صلاحي قلبه if it has to mean that he perfects his own heart if that means that the cost of people respecting him will go if you have to perfect your own heart then do that don't make the concern of the people شق الباني رحمه الله in this كتاب صلاحي النبي when he authored it and the مقدمة he mentioned in this book I'm gonna write it's not gonna please a lot of people it isn't gonna please a lot of people and a lot of people are gonna hate me for it and he brings lines of poetry whereas he says that if a if a person goes to a cave and he boycotts the people he doesn't even need to mingle with the people and he goes in the middle of that mountain and that rock and he lives there there's always people are gonna blame him and say ah guess why he left he's Majinoon he lost his brain ah he's Majinoon you know why Fulani is not married I think he's got tendency towards men صح صح people will find a way to criticize you that's something if you think that won't happen then you're really not living in the real world you need to pinch yourself back to reality because the righteous deed that you did can be turned into an evil evil deed are you with me I remember a guy who was crying so much in the Ka'ba is that not good characteristics the guy was crying so much well I heard me I was like I remember the sins that he has done so it must be a lot man for him to cry like this look at this man is crying he's in the Ka'ba he's crying so much tears they found a fault I looked at this that is that's human beings for you he's saying the sins that this man has done is too much man he's blaming him for it does that make sense brothers humans will always find a righteous deed that you're doing they will find a blame for it they will find something to say الله says in the Quran اهدو موسى they harm نبي الله موسى when he chose not to show his aura in front of them he didn't want to shower with them he didn't want them to see his aura what did they say he's got illness that's why he doesn't want to do with us صح صح he's got illness the reason why he doesn't want his aura to be seen we're not hiding our aura we're here huh we're here fine what's the problem why is he hiding his one for that's the same statements that the kufara used today for the women who are in Hajab why is she covering her face we're not covering our face our face is out in the open صح the shaitan that sent revelation to those ones are the shaitan that's sending revelation to these ones صح صح صح so they'll say why is she wearing the kufra where all here in public our face is open our face can be seen why is she hiding her face and she's doing a ta'a they turned that into a what into something negative so people are always going to critique you they're going to a ridonance pleasing the people is gaya to Allah to the Lord try to attain the happiness of the people the people's acknowledgement the people's recognition is محال you will die and you will never achieve anything صلاحة you want the thing that they're praising you for yesterday they'll criticize you for that now yesterday you're praising me for that characteristic you're saying this is good characteristic of yours and today you're saying to me it's bad ورحاقا لورع عادية yeah where can I where does it that's it so the truth of a person is you don't worry about the people don't give concern to that لا تبالي بهم let that be your last concern والله صلاحة let your concern be yourself are they going to be with you the day of judgment are they going to help you the day of judgment are they going to support you the day of judgment are they going to free themselves from you they're going to free themselves from you they're going to run away from you so why do you care about them now don't your goal is to please Allah is what I'm doing in accordance to what Allah wants am I pleasing to Him am I following His command that's what you're looking for okay and one who dislikes that people see the weight of his good deeds he doesn't like people seeing the weight of his righteous deeds وَلَا يُحِبُ الْطِلَا عَنَّاسِ عَلَا بَثَاقِيلِ دَرْضِ بِالْفُسْلِ عَبَنِ must it see the righteous deeds that he doesn't want he doesn't want people seeing it he hides it he keeps everything private people don't know what he's doing in his room in his private room what he's standing how he's doing he even hides it from his spouse his wife she doesn't know some of the salaf they were praying qiyam for so many years 50 years some of them their wives didn't know some of them were fasting every Mondays and Thursdays for 30 years their wives didn't know they hide it from their own wives especially some of the salaf they took all the statement of the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام which is he will give with his right hand so much so that he hides it his left hand doesn't know when his right hand gave so they used to say if part of my body doesn't know what my other part body they used to hide it from their own body parts let alone other people now while not disliking that they see his bad deeds look at this if people see his righteous deeds it will distress him but if they see his mistakes they won't distress him as much they won't they won't distress him as much what distresses him much causes him pain stress is people see his righteous deeds when people see his mistakes that's when he's happy because somebody do that say that today والله it's hard والله it's hard are you? since this like this is proved that he sees the game from them and that is not among the manners of the sincere and that is so here the point is the reason why he dislikes them seeing his righteous deeds and he dislikes the fact that they see his mistakes is that he's not looking to increase in the eyes of the people and grow and they see him they glorify him that's why he doesn't want it was people to see him as a low person that's it بعيف المضعف weak low-rate graded nothing no pema to him that's what he wants others have said when you seek the pleasure of Allah with sincerity Allah will grow into your mirror through which you may see the wonders of this world والله that's the truth إذا طلبت الله تعالى بصطق if what you're trying to attain is Allah with truthfulness and sincerity that's what your goal is that's what you set yourself then Allah will give you مرألة تبسر a mirror Allah will give you everything you'll see through what كل شيء everything من عجائي بدوني والآخرة you'll see all the amazing on the wonders of this world Allah will bring it to you that's if you're a person sincere اوه this is a book I told you already now we have a book called شرح المهدب يوصح قشية راضي which he explained and he died at كتابه البيع he didn't finish it he died there's a مقدمة he plays for it and in that مقدمة he talks about etiquettes of this teacher the etiquettes of the student he talks about the etiquettes of a فقيه a jurist and the one who's learning فق he talks about their matters which are very important and it's a book as I said and I say many times it's a book that deserves to be studied and taught one of the Imam's greatest books and have mentioned within its matters pertaining to teachers students jurists and those who study jurist prudence that any student of knowledge will be of dire need to know يان نقوث السيد رحمة الله تعالى فصل في العراض عن عراض الدنيا وينبغ أن لا يقصد به توصلا إلى عراض من عراض الدنيا من مال أو رياسة أو وجاهة أو ارتفاع على أقرانه أو ثلائن عند الناس أو صرف وجوه الناس إلي أو نحو ذلك ولا يشين المقرئ إقراءه بالطبع في رفق يحصل لهم من بعض من يقراء عليه سواء كان رفق مال أو خدمة وإن قل ولو كان على صورة الهدية التي لو لا قراءته عليه ومن كان يريد حرث الدنيا نؤتي منها وما له في الآخرة من نصيب وقال تعالى من كان يريد العاجلة عجلنا له في يا ما نشاء لما نريد الآية وعنبي وريرة رضي الله عنه قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من تعلم علما من ما يبتغى به وجه الله تعالى لا يتعلمه إلا ليصيب به عرضا من الدنيا لم يجد عرف الجنة يوم القيامة رواه وبداود بإسنال صحيح ومثله أحديث كثيرة وعنس وخذيفة وكاب ابن مالك العلم ليماري بيسفها أو يكاتر بالعلماء أو يصرف بيوجو أبناز إلي فليتبو مقعده من النار راوت المذي من رواية كعب ابن مالك وقال أدخل الله النار فصل في محذورات النية التعليم إشتغلين عليه والمختلفين إلي وليحذر من كراء من كراية قراء أصحابي على غير من من ينتفع به واضي مصيبة واضي مصيبة يبتلاب بعض المعلمين الجاهلين ويه دلالة مينات من صاحبها على سوينيته وفساد الكريم فإنه لو أراد الله تعالى بتعليمي لما كريدالك مالقال للنسي أنا أردت الطاعة بتعليمي وقد حصلت وهو قصد بقراءته على غيري وهو قصد بقراءته على غيري زيادة علم فلاعتب عليه وقد رغينا في علمي رحمه الله تعالى عن علي ابن بطالب رضي الله عنو وانه قال يا حملت العلم إعمل به فإن العلم فإن العلم فإن العالم من عمل بما علم ووافق علمه ووافق علم يخالف وعمالهم علمهم يخالف علمهم فيه يخالف علمهم


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Arsha and I am going to help you with the following question which says, find the sum of all two digit numbers which when divided by four yields one as remainder. And with the solution, two digit numbers which when divided by four and yielding remainder one, the first number is 13, the next number is 17 and we have 21 and the last number is 97. So this is an AP series whose first term, it is denoted by small a is 13 and the common difference, it is denoted by small a is equal to 4 and the last term which is an is equal to 97. Now an is a plus n minus 1 into d where n is the number of terms and the sequence. Now let us substitute the values of a and d to get the value of n. So a is 13 plus n minus 1 into 4 is equal to 97 or we have n minus 1 into 4 is equal to 97 minus 13 gives 84 or n minus 1 is equal to 84 upon 4 which is equal to 21 or we have n is equal to 21 plus 1 that is 22. And now we have to find the sum of these 22 terms of the sequence. So now s n is n upon 2 into 2 a plus n minus 1 into d. So to find the sum of 22 terms we have s 22 is equal to 22 upon 2 into 2 into a is first term which is 13 plus 22 minus 1 into the common difference which is 4 which is further equal to 11 into 2 into 13 is 26 plus 21 into 4 which is equal to 11 into 26 plus 84 or 11 into 110 which is further equal to 1210 therefore the required sum is 1210. So this completes the session take care and have a good day.