Great. Okay. So without further ado, I'm going to turn it over. I welcome you again to the session and I'm going to turn it over to our speaker today, Sean, to get us started. Thank you, Claire. And hello everyone. Thanks a lot for joining us today. My name is Sean Subramanian and I'm senior council with NGO source and NGO source is a project of council on foundations and tech soup. And our aim really is to improve the efficiency of international grant making and hopefully inspire an increase in international giving. As you'll see, we provide a service called equivalency determination, and we believe equivalency determination benefits both grant makers and your international grantees in a number of ways. NGO source has issued over 23,000 equivalency determinations on 8,000 unique organizations in 165 countries on behalf of over 600 grant makers. So, as Claire mentioned, I will save some time at the end for Q&A about 15 minutes or so. So please feel free to put your questions in the chat, or when we get to that portion, feel free to unmute yourself and ask your question out loud if you'd prefer. I would sincerely appreciate it if you can share your name and your organization in the chat, and also what brings you here today, what makes you interested in this topic. And if you'd like to share some additional resources if you'd like to learn more ways to contact us and as Claire mentioned this presentation will be recorded. So this is intended to be a very broad overview of equivalency determination, both the process and the requirements. So we do recommend consulting with legal counsel to understand how the laws that will be talking about apply to your organization and your specific circumstances. And as much as possible I'll try to share concepts that will be broadly applicable to everyone here. I want to start by defining equivalency determination or ED for short. How does it help grant makers and how does it help international grantees as well. And these are the organizations that will primarily benefit from an equivalency determination. These are the legal requirements for an ED, and we'll look at an example of an organization that goes through the process. What are some of the common challenges that they may run into and how can we resolve those challenges. We'll look at our unique ED repository model. We'll talk about any questions that you may have, such as about the requirements or about the process, or about NGO source in our organization. So before we talk about what an ED is, I want to just cover a few concepts on grant making in the United States. As you all are with grant making organizations you may already be familiar with these concepts but I think it's helpful to understand why we have an ED and how it can be helpful. The private foundations must make grant payments to further their charitable purposes. Under US tax law and regulations, the term charitable has a very technical definition that has been developed over time through treasure regulations and IRS rulings. I don't want to too much detail on the definition of charitable, but an example would be a grant payment to an organization for the relief of the poor or distressed for the advancement of education for the advancement of science. These are examples of charitable purposes under US tax law. Grants made for non charitable purposes are subject to a penalty tax. Now, if your grant, if the grant from a private foundation is awarded to a 501 C3 public charity, then it is presumed that the grant is made for charitable purposes and the reason for this is because public charities are subject to a thorough evaluation by the IRS. The IRS looks at the nature of their financial support, their activities and their purposes and then it makes a determination about whether the organization is organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes. In the case of a foreign organization and non US organization. It is possible that they have obtained a 501 C3 public charity designation, but this is unlikely, and most do not because of the cost and the administrative burden associated with the process to obtain a 501 C3 public charity designation. So this is where an equivalency determination or an ED comes in. ED is a good faith determination of whether a non US organization is the equivalent of a 501 C3 public charity. It is designed for US grant makers that want to distribute funds to a non US organization that has not received a ruling or determination that it is a 501 C3 public charity. I want to note here that we don't evaluate the effectiveness or the quality of service of the organization we're focused on the legal requirements, whether it is legally equivalent to a 501 C3 public charity. Now if the organization is deemed equivalent, then the grant maker can make grants to the non US organization in the same way that it would as a to a 501 C3 US public charity. One practical benefit to both the grant maker and the foreign organization is that the GM the grant maker can make can provide general operating support to the non US organization. So that's a benefit to the organization as well as the grant maker. I do want to point out that a donor advised fund, although it is held and controlled by a 501 C3 public charity. It is subject to similar disbursement rules as private foundations. And that's why a donor advised fund will also benefit from an ED. And ED is generally valid for two years from the last completed fiscal year for which information was made available for review. So let's say that a foreign organization does not have an ED from NGO source or elsewhere. Then the grant maker can still make a grant to a foreign organization, but it has to go through a more burdensome and time consuming process called expenditure responsibility. At a minimum this involves inquiring about prior history and experience of the grantee organization. The foreign organization would also have to submit full and complete reports on how they are spending the funds and that this funds are going towards accomplishing the purposes set out in the grant. The grant maker also has to submit information on the grant to the IRS in its info annual information return that it submits. And the grantee also has to maintain the grant funds in a separate dedicated fund, and they have to investigate potential diversions on the use of funds. And so this process for these reasons is more burdensome for both the grand tour and the grantee. And that means that they have to spend potentially limited resources on these administrative tasks. It's also ongoing effort for both the grant maker and the grantee. Whereas with equivalency determination as we'll talk about there is upfront work, but there's less the organization may not have to go through the process for each separate grant maker whereas with expenditure responsibility, they would have to exercise expenditure responsibility for each grant to the foreign organization. So what are the requirements and before we talk about the requirements. I just want to step back and say that it is a lot of information, but we will have an example to see how these rules play out. And as I mentioned, we will have links to additional resources and contact information if you have additional questions. Overall, our reviewers will evaluate whether the non US organization is organized like a US public charity. Another way of thinking about this is that we'll look to see what it is permitted to do and what it is not permitted to do. And to do so we'll look at the organization's governing documents and also any applicable country laws. Second, we'll look to see whether the non US organization is operated like a US public charity and this is about what the organization does in practice so in the first part of the analysis we're looking at what it is permitted to do, but then we'll look at what it doesn't practice. Finally, most organizations will have to meet certain public support requirements. They will do their financial information for a specified five year period, and will determine whether or not they're publicly supported now organizations may be able to qualify as a school, a church, and that would include other houses of worship, a supporting organization or a hospital, in which case they would not need to submit detailed financial information but this is not typical. We also have to meet certain other criteria that we're not going to be talking about today. I also want to mention that different rules apply to organizations that are government entities and government instrumentalities so I'm not going to go into too much detail on these rules. But we do issue legal opinions verifying that organizations are foreign government agencies or instrumentalities. They're the same as an ED so grant payments would still have to be made for charitable purposes, but the grant maker would not have to go through the expenditure responsibility process for those types of grants. So first, we want to see that the organization is organized for charitable purposes we look to the organizations governing documents and also local law. When I say governing documents this might include an organization's bylaws, its internal statutes or its constitution, for example, and typically these documents will outline the purposes for which the organization is established. We might also look to local law that governs the type of organization. It is that might provide information on how it must be organized. The purpose of charitable purposes as I talked about include the relief of the poor and the distressed advancement of education or science advancement of religion. And there are many other purposes that qualify as charitable that we won't get into today. It will also be limited to charitable purposes so for example, if let's say we're reviewing an organization's governing documents, and it has two main purposes to provide relief to the poor or the distressed, and then also to undertake any commercial activity necessary to earn profits for the organization that would not be compliant because the second purpose is not a charitable purpose. We might follow up with the organization because more than likely the purposes that are outlined in its governing documents will not align precisely with the US requirements so we might need additional information, maybe there are other documents that expand on those purposes. We might also have global partners that can assist us with culturally sensitive translation and who are familiar with local laws and customs so we might partner with them also when we're communicating with the NGO. Next we look at how the organization's assets must be distributed on dissolution of the organization. One is the termination or closing of an organization, and an organization might dissolve because maybe it's accomplished its mission or there's no longer need for its services or it just doesn't have sufficient resources so whatever the reason under US tax law a charity's assets must be dedicated to charitable purposes in perpetuity so that means even when they dissolve. So it must go to another charity or for charitable purposes or to the government for public purposes. That means that it can't be returned to let's say an individual founder or a for profit company to do as they wish with those assets. So we also want to make sure that the organization is required to transfer assets in this way not just that they plan to or that they hope to, but that that they're required by their governing documents or local law to transfer assets in this way. Another common issue that comes up through the ED process is that maybe the organization will will not have a clause that aligns with US requirements in which case we will propose an amendment if they're able and willing to amend their governing documents we will work with them to amend those documents so that they are compliant with the US requirements. So governing documents also cannot permit certain activities. So it cannot permit political campaign activity, which will, we'll talk about the definition on the next slide. It can't permit a substantial amount of lobbying activity, and we'll talk about the definition of lobbying, and it also can't permit a substantial amount of other non charitable activity. So for example, operating a manual any manufacturing business to earn profits. Right, but if we do have some indication that it has to be an insubstantial part of the organization's activities, then that would be permitted so for example, let's say we come to an organization that says that any commercial activity has to be less than 5% of the organization's activities, then we have some confidence that this non charitable activity has to be an insubstantial part of the organization's activities. We also look to see what the organization does in practice. So this is based on their descriptions. It's based on their website if they have a website. It also has a, you know it's based on any other online presence that they have. So we want to make sure that they're engaging exclusively in charitable activities so they might be issuing publications that are freely available to the public. And we look at how those programs and activities are are operating are conducted. And if we have any questions again we will reach out to the NGO. One important point here and this is a common point of confusion for many non US organizations is that in the United States under US tax law, just because an activity generates income for the organization. It doesn't mean that it's not charitable so if the income generating activity directly and substantially furthers charitable purposes, then it is considered a charitable activity under US tax law. For example, let's say that you have an organization that is organized to promote awareness about non violence, human rights and anti discrimination. And let's say that they have a museum and they charge some admission fees, but the purpose of the museum is to promote awareness about these causes. In this case, we have some confidence that the income generating activity in this case the museum is directly and substantially furthering those purposes of raising awareness about non violence and anti discrimination. Again, we may need to contact the organization, or set up a call with them to better understand their activities. We also can't engage in political campaign activity. This means supporting or opposing a candidate for public office. So for example, it might be clear if an organization says, we endorse this candidate for president of Chile, but implicit political support or opposition is also not permitted. The organization creates a voter guide that we determine is clearly designed to favor one candidate over the other. That would also be considered a political campaign intervention. But there are many activities related to elections that an organization still do, for example, telling people how they can exercise their right to vote, giving them information on their polling location or who is eligible to vote. We also can't engage in substantial lobbying. Now lobbying is another term that has a very technical definition. And so we may have to share information about how lobbying is defined in the United States under US tax law. But generally speaking, it means attempting to influence specific legislation. So for example, calling a lawmaker and asking the lawmaker to vote for a bill. There are many activities that actually don't fall within the definition of lobbying or actually, or they're an exception to lobbying. So let's say an organization is trying to influence how a law is being implemented. That would be an example of advocacy that's not trying to influence legislation. I mean, we look to make sure that there is no private enurement and private enurement is about a benefit to an individual, a private shareholder or an insider of the organization that has a personal or private interest in the activities of the organization. So an example of an insider might be an executive officer, high level employees or directors. Reasonable payments for compensation or services would be permitted. But we want to look to see if there's any other kind of private enurement, or if there is private enurement. We look to a related concept called private benefit and private benefit is about benefits to private individuals who are not insiders of the organization we want to make sure that the activity is not primarily serving private interest so let's take an example. This is a conservation organization, and they want to clean up a lake. And the reason for this is because they've documented some health hazards, they want to benefit the neighboring community, and they also want to benefit people who visit the lake. Now, we determine okay this is primarily benefiting the public. There is also a benefit to homeowners near the lake in that their their property values increase. So we may be able to determine looking at this that there's only an incidental benefit to those private homeowners, in which case this would still be a permitted activity considered a charitable activity. And then finally, we, as we talked about we look to see whether is organized for charitable purposes and operated for charitable purposes. Finally, we look to see whether it meets certain public support requirements. As I mentioned, it may be able to qualify in a different way but as a school church supporting organization or a hospital, but I'm not going to get into those details. So as part of the public support test. We look to see whether the organization is primarily supported by gifts grants and contributions from the government and the general public. Now, there are actually two types of public support tests, but I'm going to be talking about the most common one and that's called 509 a one public support test. The test looks to see whether the organization receives at least 33 and a third percent of its support from public sources. So this would include us charities, governments, and limited donations from private foundations and individuals. It's a complex formula but just to put this more simply if the organization receives almost all of its support from one large donor or a few large private donors, it will have a difficult time meeting this public support test. I think that it doesn't have 33 and a third percent public support, it may still be able to meet the support public support test, but in order to do so, it has to one, at least receive at least 10% of its total support from public support. It also needs to have a program to raise funds from the general public. And it also needs to meet certain other facts and circumstances so it has to operate programs that benefit the public. It also has to have a board that is representative of the community. It has to have members that of the public that are regularly involved in the organization's programs and there are certain other facts and circumstances so the purpose of this analysis is to show that although it may receive funding from primarily one private donor or a few large donors. It still operates in a way that benefits the public at large as opposed to those few donors. So let's go through a specific example and this is a fictional organization but it is modeled after organizations we might see and any resemblance to real organization is completely incidental. So let's say we have a private foundation in the United States called support Cameroon Foundation, and they're interested in making a grant to an NGO in Cameroon called STEM in Cameroon. So we would invite the organization, let's say they want to go through NGO source to complete our questionnaire. And because of our multilingual questionnaire the organization, in this case in Cameroon if they so choose can see questions in French and also complete the questionnaire in French, if it's so so wishes and we do support many other languages as well. So we can interface with our global partner to support the NGO and completing the application. So let's say we we receive the information, and we determine that stem in Cameroon has an objective to provide science technology engineering and math education to underserved youth in Cameroon. We also see that it conducts activities to provide free training courses workshops, educational materials to youth ages nine to 18 in Cameroon. We also see that on dissolution, its assets would have to be transferred transferred to another nonprofit organization. We also see that it's bylaws say that no assets income profits or dividends may be distributed to its individual members. And then we see after reviewing its financial information that it has 20% public support. I also want to note that this specific organization might also qualify as a school but we would need some more information would have to meet certain other criteria. So we have potential issues here or challenges that we might have to resolve. So I've highlighted the potential challenges. One challenge is that the organizations assets here must go to another nonprofit organization, and it's 20% publicly supported, and that's less than the 33 and a third percent public support so it might still be able to qualify, but we would need to get more information. So why is the dissolution provision here a concern. Well, under US law, a nonprofit organization is not necessarily a charitable organization. So in the United States, labor unions and trade associations, chambers of commerce are nonprofit organizations, but they're not necessarily charitable organizations, organized for those specific purposes so we really need to make sure that it's going to meet those specific purposes, or two organizations that are organized for specific purposes and, as you probably gather, because country laws are so different those requirements might not align precisely now sometimes the definition of nonprofit in another organization, it might be consistent with the US definition of charitable, but we would need more information. So how might we may be able to resolve this to make sure that the assets are going for charitable purposes, or to the government for public purposes, or to another charity. Well let's say we come across another provision in its governing documents that says that the organization must apply all of its assets to further its objectives. The objective to provide science, technology, engineering and math education to underprivileged you is a clearly charitable purpose. So we have confidence that the organization must apply its assets to charitable purposes it has to be used for those purposes. Even though the organization's assets must go to a nonprofit organization, not necessarily a charitable organization, we know that it always has to apply its assets towards those charitable purposes. So we can make a strong argument that even on dissolution, the assets need to be applied in furtherance of those objectives. So we have confidence that the organization that meets the dissolution requirement. Alternatively, if the organization is willing to amend its governing documents, we might propose some language, for example, that says that it has to go to a nonprofit for the same purposes, or for charitable purposes. So that's another way the organization might meet the requirement. As far as public support, I mentioned that if it's less than 33 and a third, we would need to follow up to see whether it meets certain facts and circumstances, and maintains a continuous program to raise funds from the public. So again, the purpose of this is to show that even though it's primarily funded by one large private donor or a few large private donors. We still have confidence that it's operating in a way to benefit the public at large, and it's seeking to be publicly supported. So the way we receive those certifications and assurances, then it passes the facts and circumstances test, and the organization would be able to qualify as equivalent to a 501 C3 public charity so as you can see with this example. It is some upfront work for the organization, but it can benefit in many ways. So we talked about through general support, and potentially to not have to go through this process with multiple grant makers, you know, once they have gone through this so let's see how that might work with our repository model. So the NGO source repository model the ED process could be inefficient and duplicative. So the grant maker would often have to hire a qualified tax practitioner, an attorney outside council to conduct an ED for each separate organization and the cost for outside approval for a single ED can range from 5000 us dollars to 15,000 us dollars. So in contrast, our team of legal experts as well as our process allows NGO source to offer EDs at a significantly lower cost. But by centralizing the process, NGOs need only complete the ED process once for multiple grant makers freeing them up to do their important programmatic work. The NGO source members are actually able to search our online database at any time to view the ED status of specific NGOs and this information I do want to make clear it's only available to the NGO source members and not the general public so for privacy reasons members may not be able to see which grant makers initiated the request, but they will be able to see if the grant the NGOs in the repository. I also want to emphasize that an ED is specific to the G the grant maker making the request. So, even the, even though the IRS approved our repository model, which is the main service and benefit that NGO source offers the ED still has to be specific to the grant maker, but the process is significantly more efficient because the grant maker can make a selection from the NGOs that have already been approved. So finally, I just want to cover a few common ED challenges that come up and how we might be able to resolve them. But often in organizations assets on dissolution will not be required to be transferred to another charitable organization, or exclusively for charitable purposes, or to the government for public purposes, unfortunately, on its own transfer profit does not necessarily mean charitable, and for similar purposes, even if the organization's purposes are charitable. The US tax authorities the IRS has clearly stated that a similar purpose is not necessarily charitable, even though the same purpose would be charitable. So those are some issues that come up but we are happy to work with an organization to amend their governing documents, sometimes local law will be helpful. And it'll have some details or requirements that do align with us requirements. Another issue is lobbying. As I mentioned, to be deemed equivalent an organization cannot engage in a substantial amount of lobbying activity. It has a very technical definition. And so there are many activities that are related to public policy advocacy, or research or raising awareness that will fit within an exception, or are not considered lobbying under Paris rules. Finally, as I mentioned, income generating activities. And this is another common point of confusion, maybe charitable if they are substantially and directly in furtherance of the organization's objectives so we'll have to clarify that with the organization as well to say that look because you may charge fees for an admission to a museum. It doesn't mean that that's automatically a non charitable activity so really matters what the purpose of the activity is, and how it's conducted. To learn more, we have our learning center which has a lot of helpful information about the ED process and about eds. We also have a frequently asked section question section of our website and I might direct you here for more details, any of the questions we have today. We also have a legal ease blog where we try to talk about legal concepts in plain English, and we have more detailed information about laws and organizations in different countries. We have an impact stories section of our website organizations that have benefited from receiving an ED so we would encourage you to check out that section of the website, also grant makers, discussing how their grantees have benefited from an ED. So I'm happy to take questions. And finally, I want to mention that you're welcome to email me. Ask Subramanian at TechSoup.org. You can also email or contact my colleague Jonathan, he's a director of global partnerships, if you have questions about membership partnership opportunities. And then also our general NGO source email is account support at NGO source.org. So, hopefully this was helpful in outlining a little bit about the ED process, how it can be beneficial, why and NGO sources model improves efficiency. And we hope to continue our relationship so this time I'll stop share and then open it up to any questions people have. And again feel free to put your question in the chat or just let me know in the chat if you'd prefer to ask your question out loud. Hi, I have a question. Hi, Shyam. My name is Jess and I'm with the Spencer Foundation in Chicago, and we work very closely with you all on various ED requests. And higher education institutions, universities, and education research, and we're increasingly funding more outside of the US so we work with all of you. Some questions and complexities that we often face in our requests to you are obviously with working with universities that are international trying to understand their NGO structures and navigating them. Obviously you find out but what we still are trying to understand as far as matching up to compliance on the US side. So I just wanted to ask about that and if anyone else here on the webinar has any similar experiences working with international universities. For the question Jess and if everyone if anyone has any thoughts or guidance that encourage you to also put that in the chat. So, as far as our approach, we, as I mentioned we do have global partners that can assist with translation but also are familiar with local laws and customs. So, they might be helpful in that situation. But also, you know, we're in addition to reviewing the governing documents that are translated that they translate into English, we do a thorough review of their website online presence. If there's any clarification that we need, we will again set up a call with them email them so just to give an example you talk mentioned universities there is a requirement about having a racially non discrimination. racial non discrimination policy or for following a racially non discriminatory policy. And so we'll provide explanation of what that means under US laws and, if needed, provide more guidance. So we do have some information in the questionnaire that says okay these are the US requirements. And if there's any confusion about it, we're happy to communicate with them but it's. Yeah, we definitely are aware that it's those universities there the way that they're operated and structured are not going to be aligned exactly with the US requirements so we're definitely mindful of that. So, next question from Nicole in the chat you mentioned that NGO source is happy to work with organizations on their governing documents to include proper dissolution. Would NGO source do that during the review process or does it need to be requested as a service before the funder requests ID initiation. No we would, we would review the dissolution clause and propose any amendments as part of the review process. And we would come to know if there are any issues only after we do review, because we need to look at the governing documents, we'd also need to see if there's any applicable law that we can rely on so we do actually have a law library. And in many of the countries we have provisions that we can rely on related to dissolution. So, even if the governing documents don't align precisely with us requirements we might be able to rely on a local law. And so that's something that we would do as part of the process, and we would work the with the organization, even if the organization, even if the grant maker doesn't specifically requested although if the organization is not willing or able to then you know, we would have to deny in that case because it does not meet the dissolution requirement. So, Suzanne asks, what is the general amount of processing time needed for an ED request. So, yeah, the general processing time varies. And I think the reason for this is because an organization, you know of course if it needs to make amendments that might take more time. Also, if we need to clarifications. Then we need to follow up with them and then it's dependent on you know how soon they respond could take anywhere from four weeks to 16 weeks. Also because of coven 19 there were delays there could be situations in specific countries that are leading to delays maybe related to their judicial system or their political situation so it does vary. And we do also for members there isn't an option to expedite certain requests as well. Great so. Yes, is there any guidance on who to select as NGO sources contact person for the grantee institution when requesting an ED. I will say that when the legal team reaches out, typically we're asking legal questions so someone who's either familiar or who can contact someone familiar with, you know, with their governing documents, the provisions and their governing documents. I don't know if they are or know somebody who's familiar with local laws. So, typically we are asking questions about their governing documents. Also, the way that they're conducting their activities so someone with intimate knowledge of their different systems often will have questions about their financial information. So it's helpful to have someone who's familiar with that information or at least they can loop in someone who is who can report on the financial information that they submitted. I think those are some general guidelines for the, the best contact person for NGO source. Next question. What level of technical assistance to organizations receive, or can they access for example, organizations who are near the end of their grace period on the public support test. Can NGO source assist proactively, or does it merely catch when the test is failed. So, if we think that, you know, we can provide guidance that can help an organization will qualify then then we will share that guidance so for example, you talked about public support. One thing that I didn't mention was that, you know, there are, there are organizations that are have not been in existence for five years, and so they can't provide five years of completed financial information. So in that case they would need to provide a combination of actual and projected financial information. So, we will let them know. Look, these are the guidelines around projected information. It must be realistic, but it can be aspirational, we will not hold you to the projections. If we see that an organization does not qualify for the public support test, we will reach out to see if they've reported all of their income. We will reach out to clarify the different income categories, because potentially there's an issue with how they've categorized their income. So, most of the time I can say that, you know, on the first pass, when we're going through, we will follow up and provide clarification as needed, because it's possible that perhaps the, there's a misunderstanding related to the US definitions. So, as I mentioned with, if they say, hey, we, we do 35% of our organization of our activities are not charitable, we will follow up and say, this is the definition of charitable, do you still maintain that 35% are not charitable. And if so, what are those activities. If you have any questions, and please, if I didn't answer your question properly, please let me know. And if you have any questions related to membership opportunities or partnerships again please, my colleague Jonathan would be happy to ask you. In the chat, I'm just reading it out for everyone. We made a grant to a government instrumentality and the information on the blog and FAQ pages was very helpful for understanding the difference between a charity and a government's instrumentality. That's great. Thank you. Thanks for that comment. Jamie says this is the clearest explanation of ED that I've received in my time in philanthropy. Huge thanks to Sean and Geo source and Pete for offering. Thank you for the kind words and yes, again, thank you to peak for offering and organizing the session. It's great to have so many people join. And yeah, thank you all for joining. So we still have a few more minutes, happy to take any questions. Yeah, so that's a great question the renewal process. So, as I mentioned the validity period, or an ED is generally it can be up to two years generally two years. And so one benefit of our process is that the organization can go through a significantly streamlined process in order to have their ED renew once it's in our repository. So if we have the due diligence work that we've done, we still we still need them to provide certain certifications, but we can ask them to look at the information previously submitted and certify whether there have been any material changes to the information. We will still make sure that there are no material changes will look at the website look at the programs that they've been doing. We will, in most cases will receive new financial information, but it is a significantly more streamlined process so once they're in there in the repository. The fact that we have all that due diligence work will reduce the amount of work, the time and burden for the NGO to be able to renew its ED for another, another two years. And that of course as you might gather the, the cost for the renewal ED is significantly less expensive than for a new ED that's not in the repository. Yes, we can certainly share the presentation slide deck I'll share it as a PDF with the meeting participants. If there are no other questions Jonathan or Claire, is there anything that you want to add. Just thank you everyone for being here today and the account support email is on the slide deck so if you have any additional questions you can email that it hits our whole team or you can reach out to show me directly. Thank you, Sean. Thank you. Thank you. One thing that I forgot to mention at the beginning that I just want to point out is that right now NGO source has issued over 23,000 equivalency determinations on 8,000 unique organizations, 165 countries, or maybe I did mention this but I just wanted to mention this again then. I will say thank you so much again Sean for this great session and to everyone for your great questions. And just again to NGO source for being a really great partner and supporter of peak so we really appreciate it. So I will definitely follow up with everyone in the next few days with the recording contact information and the slide deck so thank you. Thanks everyone. Thanks Claire.


This study investigates the possibility of using exosomes secreted from pre-differentiated stem cells to replace stem cells in order to facilitate bone regeneration. Exosomes were isolated from stem cells that had been pre-differentiated for either 10 or 15 days, and then loaded onto 3D printed titanium alloy scaffolds. After 12 weeks, it was observed that the exosome loaded scaffold was able to regenerate bone tissue just as effectively as the scaffold without exosomes. This indicates that the exosomes may be responsible for the successful regeneration of bone tissue. Furthermore, the researchers found that the exosomes contained specific MIRNAs which could potentially explain how they were able to stimulate the PI3K slash AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to the activation of osteoblasts and ultimately the regeneration of bone tissue. This article was authored by Mingming Zhai, Yi Zhu, Mingjing Yang, and others.


The Ondo state government has sent a delegation led by Deputy Governor Lucky Ayedat Tewa to pay a condolence visit to relatives of victims of the just attack where 28 lives were lost. Victims of Saturday's attack were mostly born and brought up in Ondo state. Ayedat Tewa says the state government was sad about the killings of the people and that the state government commiserated with the families and relatives of the victims.   So we just have to take it as a come. It's just like one of the Yurva prayer that kama amin lojote bin kono. You know, they work into a crisis situation that has taken their life. So it's not the enemy to the people that kill them per se, but it's a mistaken identity.


From London, England, extracting the signal from the noise. It's theCUBE, Covered, Discover 2015. Brought to you by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Now your hosts, John Furrier and Dave Vellante. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are here live in London for HP Enterprise, now called hpe.com, HPE Enterprise, HPE Discover, here in London. This is theCUBE, our flagship program. We go out to the events and extract the signal noise. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. Join my co-host Dave Vellante, co-founder wikibond.com. Our next guest is Dominic Orr, president of Aruba, an HPE company.  Congratulations, welcome back to theCUBE. Thank you, it's been a pleasure. Great to see you, wireless. As we were just talking before, we came on. It's finally hit its groove. Everyone who's a millennial, anyone who's a native on the internet knows Wi-Fi is the number one, most important thing. The show here, your power in the Wi-Fi here. You guys have been very, very successful in the wireless ethernet game, Wi-Fi. What is the new thing happening now? Because Wi-Fi has been established as a standard in everyone's mind, no matter whether a young kid with their Instagram to large stadium, like Levi Stadium, Wi-Fi is critical infrastructure. It's a user experience. What's the success formula and how does that translate to the future? So I think when we first started in the business 12 years ago, Wi-Fi really was used as an ethernet port extender over the air. So it is sort of like a fries on the burger. I think the fundamental shift since the introduction of the iPad and all the Android devices is the Happy Meal formula switch shifted. Now Wi-Fi is the burger and ethernet is the fries to support the infrastructure. And a fundamental difference between the two design is that now we're all about high density, we're all about roaming, and we're all about supporting multi-media traffic as compared to when we first started where the traditional kind of ethernet extender traffic is over to the laptop. That's a big difference. As more and more digital transformation happens, one of the big themes for HP's entire four pillars of transformation, rich media is key. And you're going to see more and more on wireless LTE bandwidth.  My kids get on, I turn the data plans off. Again, it's shifting. The consumption is just rapidly accelerating on Wi-Fi. So the demand for more over the air interface is significant, but yeah, there's physics. You can't change the laws of physics. You can't impose software, which you guys have done. Take us through the magic formula, because you're powering at Levi's Stadium, that's one of the best Wi-Fi deployments in the world, to hundreds of thousands of people. Yeah, so I think you are so right about the law of physics and to attack that, there's only two way. You can make the cell smaller so that you have less devices, less number of devices to share. But to an extent, you can only make the cells so small before the infrastructure element interfere with one another, and then you reach the limit of physics. So the second area, once you make the cell size smaller, is to make sure you do a couple of things about splicing up the spectrum. We call spectrum low balancing to kind of let it agile to go between the different bands of spectrum. Is that like frequency hopping? I would say not hopping, but- For spectrum shifts. Yeah, so basically spectrum low balancing. The idea there is that when you get to the signals to be too close, you put them in different frequencies so you can avoid the traffic from the same lane. You can start doing low balancing as to having recruitment of cells that are far away, strengthening the radiation power to let it pick up some of the traffic. But finally, I think a technology that's going to be very prevalent in the wireless world is the deep packet inspection to make sure the access point be aware of what traffic they're carrying and have the ability to throttle traffic that are not real-time sensitive. For example, you look like you're listening to me about how do I know- I'm not tweeting. That in your pocket, that's right. You have an icon on it, you know, traffic back on your pocket, right? Multitasking. Exactly, so- Low balancing, the tweets.  So I need to be able to suppress those non-time critical- It's differentiated services. You've got to understand, you have to understand the different network access and the traffic, balancing, spectrum. Yeah, and also the concept of a VIP, right? There are people that you care more about to have a good experience. I always say that- Or content, live video. Might take a priority over, say, a text message. Exactly, like the stadium traffic as you mentioned, now the modern day stadium are all tuned for live replay from every, from the angle of every seat, right? And those are the kind of- So this is a metadata exploitation that you're doing, yes? Yes, absolutely, because you have to keep track of even encrypted data about what is time sensitive and what is kind of bulk traffic. So there's some CPU intensive stuff as well. You're using CPU to also manage that, it sounds like? Yeah, I think part of it is CPU, part of it is I think over time, particularly with, you know, critical mass, like Aruba is now part of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, we probably have the capability of building the hardware through the A6 and in the controllers and so on, that be able to do a lot of real-time assist processes. So I just checked on, tweeted, multi-task you, but I had to look away as I couldn't listen. 68,500 to seat capacity at Levi's Stadium in San Francisco will be holding the NFL Super Bowl 50 this year, and that's a big number.  Yes, in fact- That's a pretty big deal. We actually designed it not only for filling every seat, but assuming there will be standing room attendance so that it is really significantly over-designed using Microsoft technique that when you have a capacity field stadium like that, you basically leverage the physics of using the audience body to attenuate the propagation. So I got to ask you the question. First of all, it's phenomenal to have you on theCUBE. I love to talk about spectrum, software, how you guys managing them, and the frequencies, two different nuances for the folks that don't know wireless. There's some physics involved in spectrum, and then there's also frequencies, and there's a whole nuance. We could do a whole segment just on that, but there's also the bigger picture. When you look at the wireless, say I'm a buyer. Okay, a number of CPEs, access points, the normal stuff, the hardware, you add it up, not that big of a number, maybe a million, a couple million dollars here and there, but for a large enterprise, that's not a lot of money on the ticket, but the value is the number one thing, people value. So it's the most valuable asset to the user, yet it's not necessarily the highest ticket price. So from a sales perspective, so that begs the question, if it's such a strategic, valuable product, how does that translate in? Because you are the access point, the first mile in for the customer, also last mile on the other side. That's a real strategic asset when you think about things like SDN, and some of the things you mentioned about deep packet inspection, that kind of intelligence could provide a lot of value for deeper in the infrastructure, storage, application developers. Can you take us through your vision on how you go from the edge and how it gets the core of the network? That's very, very good point, John. I think there's two perspective from there. One is we spend the last five, 10 minutes on basically expanding on how to build out the kind of a stable layer of air on top of the Y infrastructure. The exciting thing and also the recurring revenue aspect of this is on top of the stable air how do you build on security and how do you build on all the smart interfaces so that people can use the air interactively for kind of customer engagement, mobile engagement, and also use it for analytics to run the business and so on. So it's not the hardware? No, it's not hardware. It's the interaction, it's engagement data. Yes, yes, and so there's a lot of recurring revenue on the software aspect. If you are careful to design the whole system, and that is really what differentiates the enterprise mobility solution as compared to just a consumer grade wireless access point, right? Which is just speeds and feeds, throughput, number of devices you can support simultaneously. Here you're talking about differentiates of saying, oh, it's a user who's a consumer and enterprise at the same time. Exactly, and also if you talk about a stadium like that, you're talking about a system of 1,500, 2,000 access points as a whole and look at it as the traffic on top of this system and the systemic aspect is where a lot of the recurring revenue comes from in sort of the single box. Another aspect which actually partially drove the HPE of Rubber coming together is that if you look into a lot of the projects you mentioned, the pure wireless component from a capital cost installation perspective is probably about 30% of the cost and you have to typically overhaul the wiring infrastructure and also there's a lot of professional services in designing and implementing. So now as part of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, we pretty much have the ability to capture the whole dollar as compared with a standalone Rubber we were capturing about 30, 35% of it. That's end-to-end solution. So Dominic, I wonder if we could talk about your business that you're managing now at HP, the entire networking business. The eye-popping number was 43% year-over-year growth for the business, of course that included Aruba. But even if you take out Aruba, it was high single digits is what HPE said. So talk about that business. Now the non-Aruba piece of the business has been up some quarters, down some quarters. Talk about that business and the growth strategy. Sure, and there's really three aspects in that business. The first is the campus access, the traditional wiring closet. As you know that that has been a relatively stable market for a while. And ironically because of the shift of network design for mobile first, wireless first, there's a lot of attention to rebuild out and refresh the wiring closet to support the multi-gigabit wireless supported by 11AC Wave 1, Wave 2 products. And that is driving, we believe in the next two, three years, a major campus refresh where wiring closet will become thinner, faster, and smarter. And that's a major cycle. For example, HPE has recently, my organization, introduced the smart rate set of features on new switches to auto-sense whether you really need the multi-gigabit burst for your wireless traffic to back-hold it. And now over twisted pair, you know, Cat5 cable that you can actually back-hold multi-gig traffic. That's almost unthinkable in a few years ago. The second piece of the business is data center moving from the traditional kind of big iron connecting the server into inside the rack, so called converge system or hyperconverged system area where HPE has been leading in the whole open-switch area using kind of open-source switching software to allow the bright box deployment. And thirdly is the area of software-defined network. Obviously both in the data center because of VM mobility and the access of the network because of the massive internet of things and mobile user engagement and so on. The network and applications start interacting heavily and that is the layer of software that is powered by software-defined architecture. I know we were tight on time but I have one final question. I was, Dave and I were in our production meeting going through the list, you know, we'd go and Dominic, we'd go, oh yeah, we had a great last year, great interview, so much to talk about. But there's one thing I wanted to bring up because I wanted to get your opinion on this or thoughts, because I thought of you and instantly when we were talking about internet of things. The CPE and wireless back in the day, the truck roll costs. You remember those days, right? The cost of actually deploying any kind of wireless or fixed wireless solution was pretty expensive. Internet of things is hyped up right now very similar to the early days of Wi-Fi and Metro wireless. Similar dynamic, really simple value to understand, edge of the network, devices in the farm, the windmills, but you still need to have battery and a network connection. So costs might become an issue. So I wanted to get your thoughts on internet of things and the future of internet of things and what are the critical gates we have to go through? Is it still a CPE-like device? Is it still too costly? Will it get lower? What's your thoughts? Observation is you're hitting on one key issues right there about battery, right? So things will no longer be a thing when the battery runs out. So we are now seeing a trend of low energy Bluetooth of BLE being kind of the increasingly the standard of connectivity. In fact, you will see a set of gateways that will be linking both the proprietary protocol and the BLE back into a corporate Wi-Fi infrastructure where manageability and security is going to be key. In our future session, I anticipate that you will increasingly talk about IoT but not just from the point of view of connectivity but really from the point of view of manageability and security. Those, I guarantee you will be the two dominating subjects for IoT. Dominic, thank you so much for coming on theCUBE. I know you got a hard stop. The president of Aruba and HPE company, again, they're Aruba is the wireless. They are the networking stuff. Great leadership, congratulations. Great success for HPE, great M&A action that they've had here. This is theCUBE bringing you all the signal from the noise, separating it all out here on theCUBE here at HPE Discover in London. We'll be right back with more after this short break. Thank you.


One of the great privileges that the Lord gives us is to reach out to His sons and daughters. And as we try to reach out in service to those around us, I think the Lord gives us an extra measure of His love for them and therefore for us. I think we hear His voice, we feel Him in a different way as we pray to help those around us because that's one of the prayers that He most wants to answer. I think as we have the privilege to reach one on one with each other, we can feel the Lord's love for us one by one. I'm even learning or trying to learn how to say that in Spanish. I think it's The idea that He does love us, each of us, one by one is really true.


And now I shall invite you. Sweet! Invite me. I don't... I can't... I can't invite you. I don't understand. How do you invite me? Cacti, play! Cacti... Cacti, play! Cacti... Cacti, play! Cacti, play! Did you make the world? Can we join you? Oh, I... Oh, your region! Have you... Have you got a region? So I will invite you both, and I hope that's it. And I will once again call it, but it goes lads. I mean, we could probably just join the game, right, if we see it. You should have called it, Excited Abiruticus Beaver. Hey! Are you in Europe? Your region? I assume I'm in Europe. Where are you? Okay, I'm gonna... What region are you in? It wasn't giving me a region! You need to tell them that the region shows down into the bottom right. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh, thank you. Better go 692. It's getting created. I see you! There's a... There says there could be 12 people in here. Why's I got crying? Can you join me? Oh! Hey, I see you, Beaver, all the way over there! What? You're so far away. I'm next... There's something near me. There's a Spinosaur near me. You guys spawned so far away. I'm on my way. I'm shooting the Spinosaur! It's coming right for us! Did you see it? There's somebody else is shooting it! Yeah, Excited's with you. I got spawned so far away. Excited now! Because like every game I get separated. Hold on, I need to reload. This game's like super loud. Excited died. Jeez, I'm dead!  The gaming Beaver has died. I'm alive again. I'm gonna respawn. Oh, you spawned where I just was.  Is there a firefighter? There we go. Excited! I just found a gunshot. Die, Excited!  Yeah, it seems to be okay. There's so much sway. Oh, is there sway? With the rifle. If you look, I just heard a raptor screaming. Oh yeah, there is loads of sway. You're right. Jesus. You want an intro, yeah? Yeah! Yeah, intros! Yeah! It's about a prehistoric chancellor. No, right, we're playing violence. Prehistoric Hunt. The idea is you hunt things that are prehistoric. How'd I do? You did brilliant! It was great, I just... Yay! Welcome to Prehistoric Hunt. There you go. How do we all look? Right. You have not got a mustache, just like real life. I don't know, you've got one now, haven't you? Well, I don't know. I have something. Have you? Okay. You've grown up, Beaver. I've got some facial hair. I've got more facial hair than I have hair on my head. I'll say that much, but there wasn't a fo-hawk option. So, here we are. That wasn't polite. Also, how do you have scopes on your rifles? Oh, I don't. Oh! Your character models, too. Oh, so this is yours? That's hilarious. Right, I suppose we should go and hunt dinosaurs. You guys spawned in the moment you spawned in. You spawned next to a Spinosaurus, which is an ideal. We did? Yeah, so this game, you should expect utmost amazing triple A quality from this. No assets, like they've made them all. They did not rip anything. This is Unreal Engine 6 top notch quality. Do you see the exclamation mark on the minimap? Yeah, I'm running to it. Let's have that erased. Also, they have got nothing but completely accurate dinosaurs, including the swimming dinosaurs and the flying dinosaurs, according to them. This is right. Very right. Beaver's just taking a dump of looks of it. Okay. Two seconds. Let me just unload my cheeks. I'm unloading my cheeks. When you said unload, I was expecting something to happen. I didn't think. Hang on. Let me just unload real quick. Oh, you can get on top of this rock. Oh, my god. Riveting gameplay. Epic gameplay. Epic gameplay. Location discovered. Supply. I don't know if this is my inventory. Oh, this is my inventory. Oh, contracts. Oh, you can buy better weapons, lads. Oh. I have nothing to submit, apparently. Tranquilizers. Get to the chopper. Oh. Oh, I do have some. I have a scope. Yeah, you can take a scope and stuff. I may have wasted money. I don't even think we have money. I don't have enough money because I wasted it on. I will show you. What did you buy? No. What did you do? What did you do?   Is that you? Yeah, I got an Kylo Saurus cooler. Is that money with that? It's just like I'm from New Zealand. Is that what you had Taco Bell yesterday? I'm calling it. Something replied a second ago. Did it? I heard something. If you let us listen. I heard something when I didn't. I can hear something this way. There's something big over here. Yeah, I see it. I see it. It's a T-Rex. Do you mean it's a T-Rex? It's a T-Rex straight ahead. Unload! Unload! Excited. We're not with you. Excited. We need to head towards him. It's coming right for us. I'm getting it. Guys, help. Where is it? Where is it? I'm trying to find it. Look for my name. See it. I got to reload. It's coming. It's coming. Oh, my God. It's a completely scientifically accurate T-Rex. By the way, tell us if you hit. So you know if you're missing it on the way. Oh, God. Oh, God. It's up to me. Vertigo. I trust you to shoot it. It's up to me now. Oh. Are you alive?  No, I'm not. Oh. It murdered me. Excited. What are you? Keep your equipment on death, though. Oh, I've got a T-Rex up there. Oh, my God. I'm so far away. Excited's dead. Wait. Excited died? Yeah, I died. You don't lose anything. You don't lose anything, which is great. Oh, I got it. I killed it. Oh, press O to see new contracts. Oh, amazing. You can take contracts. Oh, so I just killed this for no reason? Wait, is it dead? Yeah, I killed it, yeah. Beautiful. Take that picture. Wonderful.  Did I kill the Spino? No. You might have killed the Spino earlier, in which case, if you're near the Spino, try taxidermying it. I've just pressed O and taken the contract for an Ekylosaurus, which will be really handy because I've got the Ekylosaurus mating code. Nice. So, how much sawdust do I need to put into the Spino to taxidermy it, do you think? And now...  It's not even taxidermy. That's how it fell. Oh, my God. It's beautiful. How would we find the dinosaurs that we need because I need to find the triceratops. Oh, you click on the map when you're in your inventory or sorry when you're looking at one of these boxes. Oh, yes. Oh, you want triceratops? I want Ekylosaurus. Oh, I think I see where the dead thing is. Right, I'm going to go claim the kill, then, of whatever that thing is at the bottom. Where are you... Oh, where are you seeing it? If you click M, it's like at the bottom of the map. Yeah. Oh, not seeing it. Ah, because we shot at it. Gotcha. Oh, right here. Well, I'm excited if you want to claim the Spino, then I'll help Vertica with the triceratops. Like, I'm going towards triceratops as well. Oh, yeah? It says it's down here by the Spino. Yeah. Oh, mine's not. Where's yours, Beaver? Mine's near bottom left. Mine's north, north, west. Oh, we've got different contracts. That's kind of silly. The museum needs triceratops. Not alive, though. No, no, no. The piece was never an option. I've got to kill five of them. Five? I need two. I need to go five, too.  It's even called the chore. It's like triceratops chore, right? Yeah, mine's called triceratops chore, too. I see a sauropod. Oh, that's not part of the contract. Oh. Contracts. Montract. Are you shooting it? I'm hitting it, as well, and I'm talking like 200 meters, but I'm hitting this from. Okay. I'll shoot the bragasaur as well, then. Why not? Oh, wait. Are you seeing one, too? No, I'm seeing the same one. Open fire, gentlemen. There's a contract on its head, even though there's not really a contract on its head, because we haven't leveled up high enough to be able to afford something like this. Follow track. Non-vital organ hit. Fascinating. Did you make the night cycle zero? I made the night cycle normal. Ah! There was no option, I'm afraid. Dammit.  I killed it. Oh, my God.  The death animation is something special, Bees. This game is something special. Oh, it is indeed, mate. It's a work of art game of the year, cinematic masterpiece. It's becoming nighttime, so I'm turning on my flashlight. We have that.  The light is literally just at the end of my sniper. I hear something. Yeah. Well, there's a triceratops near me. There's one near me, too. Yeah, there's a triceratops I'm hunting. It's somewhere in this vicinity. What's this? Triceratops footprint. Right, so if you follow the footprints, it gives you a line on the map that you've got to trace effectively. Yeah. Oh, this looks like a fresh one. Have you found the tracks of the track? Over five minutes. Yeah, over here. Oh. I haven't even found that. Less than five minutes. There's something big on me. The hunter has become the hunted. Oh, f**k! Actually, actually. Where are these freaking triceratops, man? I think they're eating. They must be. I can hear them chewing on a bush. I just don't know where they are because it's night. If you come over here, Beaver, there's a stash. You'll get XP and coins. Oh. Except I've not seen either of those in my inventory. I'm still at 10, but instead of giving me 20 coins. Oh, never mind. It was a brachiosaur I was hearing. Die, brachiosaur! Is it going to kill me? Oh, my God. It's actually going for me. Oh, my God. The trikes are now running away. Oh, sorry. Is that because I shot? Probably. But that's fine. We might actually get a chance to see them in the open rather than near the hills.  Oh, I see him. Oh! Are you hitting the brachiosaur? Oh, God. He stepped on us. Oh, I'm out of ammo. Hold on. Let me reload. I'm loaded to him! Same. Yay! Boink! This is how I get on my Tati Bojangles right now. I really wish I set nights as short. Don't be wrong. I love this atmosphere, but trying to find some trikes is a freaking nightmare. Oh, they ran backwards to his base camp, apparently. Yeah, they did. Can you fast travel, do you reckon? Nah. Not in this game. You kidding me? Ooh. It's fine. It's found a trike. Oh, look at you! Oh, he did his hair. Do you get him good? I got him good. What are the other ones doing? Are you running from me? You're just extending the inevitable. It's something this way. Ooh! There's something right by me. Something just went moo in my ear. Yeah, yeah, I think it's right here. Where is it? Oh, it's making noises. Oh, God. I don't know what it's doing. I think it's doing a threat display. It's probably going to charge. Where is it? I don't know. I don't know. Oh, I think it's seen you. Yeah, yep, it's seen you. Oh, God. Oh, God, it's seen you. Get it! Oh! It just made like an amazing sound effect. I died because of that. Oh, my God. Oh, I got it. I killed it. Yes! Nicely done. Failed contrast. Yeah, no, that didn't count for me. Oh, I'm sorry. That didn't count. Great. That's fantastic. And now they're in a completely different location. Oh, yep, I assume too. Why is there a chopper coming? Oh, is there? Oh, it's because I claimed it. It's being taken for the museum, you see. The museum are taking it in the chopper. I'm not going to lie. This looks like the triceratops for dross world evolution. Oh, no. I can't be completely wrong here. Oh, by the way, the beds. We can sleep in the beds. I didn't think of that to make it daytime again. Okay. Oh, there we go.  Right, pre-ton. Oh, my God. I can claim rewards. T-rex kill. Oh, wow, yeah. A little bit of cash, which is nice, which means I can finally complete my first mission of buying a health kit. Oh. I'm a master at this game. Beaver, there's something near me. It's me running. Why? It's you.  Right. On here, it lets you quick travel. Oh, does it? Yeah. Oh. How? Where? I guess we have to get more of these areas. It's on the base camp. Also, how do we sleep? Oh, we've got to wait for everyone to get in bed. And excitement is quite a distance away. Yeah. It's not happening, man. You've got to just drink some coffee. I will say, if we find any more camps, definitely discover it on the map so we can quick travel. Good idea, yeah. Because this is painful running around. I don't know what you're talking about. This is great. I love it. Love walking simulator. Yeah, it's all dinosaur games. Yeah, this is like playing the aisle, but you don't see any dinosaurs. Like, it's great. I mean, the environment hands down. It gives the aisle a run for its money.   Does it not look like a rima to you? Oh, there's a spider chasing my trike.  You can just clean the kill. How could you? I'm pretty sure. Just do the hard work. Actually saying that if you do kill it, just don't claim it. I guess that makes sense.  And then don't claim it so I can claim it though. No, no, no. I'll claim it right in front of me. I'll be like, it's over here. And then right as she comes with me. I've got my trike in sight. Yeah, here we go. Run over to me. Go on in. You have your trike inside what?  Oh, there we go. Six. Six shots. Oh, that was beautiful. Do you remember the game? Was it the hunter primal? That was fun. Oh, God. Yeah. Where's that helicopter? Take my prize away. Oh, there he goes. If I die and get, I'd much prefer. Oh, you found a base camp.  Rather than, oh, we're going to roll a dice and you've ended up three and a half kilometers in the opposite direction. I feel like you saw about what happened earlier. Oh, I saw something. Oh, I think I saw a raptor. Oh, hold on. Oh, yeah, I'm sure I saw.  Oh, no. It's a Jurassic World Evolution patchy. They just stole the assets. Oh, God. Oh, God. No. No. Oh, my God. It's huge. Uh-huh. No. Damn it. Why is something running over to me? Oh, my God. What is it? Oh, it's a carnitorious. It's chasing carnivores. Oh, God.  Of course you're after me now. No, you're going to die now.  Oh, never mind. I'm dead. But I'm alive again. Woo-hoo. Where the hell am I? Where am I? Oh, on the beach where we killed it. Oh, for God's sake. Oh, my God. My miss did die though. That's good to know. Oh, God. It was a night. Same. Wait. Why don't we just make a new server where it is never night? That might be a good idea to be fair. We're going to lose some trappers. You can't remember. We're recording content and trying to see anything is impossible. Take that carnitorious.  I haven't killed it yet. Kind of hard to miss on that. But I'm trying to. Ah, it just bit me face. And Kylosaurus's can't move that quick. How are they two different sides of the map already? Because they're super fly boys. Oh, God. I'm creating a new lobby. I'm setting it to short night. Okay, I'm quitting it now. Oh, it just quit the whole game. I think I'm in Europe again, but yeah, it's called this game is dog war. It's not going to go in the title. I'm going to go to the toilet while you guys figure out what server is going to work. I don't know if I said it to short. You want? He doesn't know if he said it to short. I'm just going to go do what I need to do. Did you forget to set it to short? I think I forgot to set it to short. I got it just got attacked by a freaking pteranodon. Oh no, it's still coming for me. I don't understand how this game works. Do I need to lead the shot or do I just click it when it's in the crosshair? Click it when it's in the crosshair. There's no bullet drop. There's no bullet drop. Okay. That explains everything. I've just got a mission to kill a Utah raptor apparently. And it's the most bog standard looking raptor you have ever seen. It's glorious. Oh God, I think I am right next to this raptor. I think that's raptor noises I can hear and hissing. I don't actually know. Oh there you are. Oh yeah. Say hello to my large friend known as a rifle. No, don't run away raptor. Okay, you can run towards me. That'll work too. Did I kill it?  I think it just phased through the floor. No. Are you telling me this game doesn't have any polish? No, 100% like he was running and then all of a sudden he disappeared. I can't join you guys. Is it Europe? Yeah, Europe. Yeah, Europe, yeah. What? There's nothing coming up. Yeah, he might need to refresh or exit back out and go back in. That's this game in general. Why do you make us play stuff like... Every time we play games... The worst part is right, you get such little money for these contracts, right? That you kill them.  Yeah.  Sorry, lad, you just spent 20 just to get some ammo back. But really, you need to spend 40 to break even. Yeah, they definitely haven't thought about this game, really. It doesn't feel that way. It worked. We've got to play every dinosaur game, guys. Every dinosaur game. I want to make my own games. I'm going to make a studio called Dogwater. Just fun, you know. Just don't buy this game. There's nothing to it. Please give me money. Guys, got this! It would be funny if it's called Dogwater games, but they're actually kind of good, you know. Like, someone's coming and be like, this game is a mid. Like, I would play a game. Not my favorite, but it's a mid. Mid games. I hope there's two of them in this circle. If there's not, why are you only giving me one circle game? Or because you want me to run to the other side of the game. I know why this is a feature, Beaver. Why?  The first one we hunted, right, was really close by. The rest have been just, like, so far away. I don't want to give them credit for actually coding this because, you know, it involves effort. But, what if they're doing it? So you have to travel all this distance to hunt them down. So by the time you get there, the two-hour window of a refund has elapsed. Oh, you think so? That'd be amazing. I'm being attacked by a little compie now. And he's evading all my bullets. I'm gonna get your pistol out. Yeah, I'm trying. Get your pistol out. Oh, right. Dude, stand still! Wait till you see the whites in their eyes. Also, I definitely hit this in Kylo. Oh, my God, it's dead. Oh! It was killed by a giga notosaurus. Oh, was it? Which means this one that I chased all this distance was mauled to death by a giga. How many bullets can a cop do? Wait, you lost your hunt to a giga? I did. Oh, that's nice in the game. Oh, finally. Jesus. Oh. Ooh, something only 350 meters away. Question mark. Let's investigate that.   I'm just gonna say, if we were hunting Bigfoot, we would have more fun, I feel like. We'd be having a lot more fun than this. You're right. I know. I know. I killed a copy and a helicopter's come to pick it up. It seems a bit like overkill. I love how the helicopter is basic of just how you move dinosaurs in Jurassic World evolution as well. Yeah. Did it tell me what killed me? No, of course it doesn't. And was it kind enough to spawn me? If they can come pick up those, like, dinosaurs wouldn't really like that. Why can't they move us around? I know, right? Exactly. Come on. Just one. He's won one freaking copy. Good God. Oh. I see him. Yes. I had to shoot and he was like, I'm here. I'm here. You better not kill me. Oh, come on. Oh, God. Oh, that's it. My bullets. What was I supposed to do now? Huh? Oh, for God's sake. I can't even punch you.  Thank you. I waited for ages for that. And then I... Having fun games? Having a good time, James? I'm having a great time. Great time. Game of the year, James. Game of the year. Game of the year. Game of the year. Oh, the skull and crossbones on the map are where you last died. Not that you made a kill. Yes. Oh. The copy got away then. I have to run all the way back to base in order to run all the way back. This is torture. No wonder this has mixed reviews. It shouldn't even have mixed. Mixed reviews is generous. Yes. Very much so. Rifles. Eight thousand for proper rifles. Oh, my God. You are kidding me. Hopefully we unlock better contracts then because imagine... No, you can't. Thank you. Alright, what is my other mission then? Put a rifle on a mission and med kit. I need to start mission? Very low on health. I don't believe this. I bought the things for the items and now because I didn't activate it it didn't complete the mission so I have to do it again. I didn't activate the freaking mission. This game is torture. Do you know when you stressed it? I was like, oh, a little dinosaur hunting game not the old dinosaur hunting game. I can't remember. That was so much fun. I thought that would be good. Might have a bit of realism, a bit of fun time. I wasn't expecting it to be as boring as going outside in the real world. Oh, it is.  You wait up there and I'll come and try and find the acomp as well because I got that mission. James, I might die here. Ah! Definitely. Oh, I spawned over here. Oh, have you spawned right next to a T-Rex if you come towards me? Is it? Oh my god, it is a Jurassic World Evolution T-Rex. I'm pretty sure. No, it's not Jurassic World Evolution T-Rex. Is it? No, it looks like one. Oh god, it's coming towards me. No, I've seen this T-Rex in Ultimate Epic Battle Simulator. Oh yeah?  I dropped all my ammo. I dropped my med kit. I dropped my binoculars. I officially hate this game. What do you mean you dropped it? I've got everything I died with. I must be up to a limit. I'm pretty sure the Hunter Primal did this as well. But that was actually a good game. Yeah, at least they made all their models themselves. And it felt like a fleshed out game. Oh, it did. It really did. Oh, blessed.  Oh god, it's a freaking Taranodon, isn't it? Ow!  I spent ages walking to this Brachiasaur and he just won't leave me alone. He's in the freaking trees. I haven't seen him. They're in the trees. Oh god, oh god.  Trust me, I've been asking myself that question for the past minutes. Oh god. It's kind of funny how I'm thinking about second extinction, right? We also shoot dinos.  Running around here. Looking for any sign of light.    I officially hate this. Why am I all the way back here? Sought this game. Oh my god. Right, I think this is where we collectively quit, right?  I have absorbed my mission.  This is such a good game.


Still counting in the floor, dribble hand off the hill. Hill against Fisher in the lane, drops it off for Brown. LaTan Dunke missed it and Fars got the rebound. Chacabeno just listened to this home crowd for the Mustangs. They have their largest lead in the second half, 53 to 41.


Honours and awards won by Indians have recognised their contribution to a wide range of fields. Covering literary and artistic creativity, the sciences, welfare economics and charity, manifestations of the spirit of India. Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high. Where knowledge is free. Where the world has not been broken up into fragments of narrow domestic walls. Where words come out from the depth of truth. Rabindranath Tagore enriched every field of human thought in action. See the Raman, he made a spectrograph and found that a transformation occurs when ordinary light has been scattered by matter. This is now known as the Raman effect. Har Gobind Khurana found his place in the history of science only in the laboratories of Wisconsin University in Madison. It was left to Khurana to decipher the genetic code and create an artificial gene for the first time. Subramanian Chandrasekhar, he was 18 when he was trying to develop new theories in astrophysics. Early in life Chandrasekhar asked himself what will be the outcome of the different phases of matter in the form of gas, liquid and solid if enormous matter is related to a high increase of temperature that has come to be known as the Chandrasekhar limiting mass. What is peace? The precise definition still eludes us. But to Mother Teresa, all works of love are works of peace. A little child in the mother's womb is a human being from the moment of conception. Let us pray to help that little child to be born. Behind Amartha Sen's credo of economics with a passionate human concern lies the childhood memories of a ten year old who bore witness to the terrible man-made famine of 1943-44 in Bengal. Sen's theory of poverty and famine is deeply related to his capability theory. All these six personalities have served in their distinctive ways to add to the wealth of civilization. The Nobel Prizes awarded to them have been an acknowledgement of India's intellectual and spiritual genius expressing itself through the individual achievements of the six.


you see this list this is our to buy list today and you see this truck somebody's in the truck without their list that's basically how this build is going so far oh man we're just this is today's list you got tomorrow's list what about the black cock that's on this one well just like that we're back we couldn't get everything we needed we got some cocking for the windows and we're gonna do cocking on these holes and stuff but I think what we're gonna do is take this little gristle thing and rough up some of this rust here and then we're gonna get a rust converter neutralizer which we've got to get in town well the city has an hour away tomorrow we're also picking up a max fan just like the last one so we'll put that where that little circular vent thing was not the skylight but we're gonna put that in the front panels on the each side we're gonna make it look good we're gonna make it look like a million bucks by the way if anybody does want this thing for a million bucks please inquire but on a serious note yeah we got uh some other things to do uh i'll check in with you guys in a minute and uh we'll let you know what we uh decide to do all right now it's time to work today like i said i'm gonna clean up some of us this guy's cleaning off some cocking i have no idea if you can hear me or not it's a little windy and then i'm gonna back you uh progress here this is like a surface rust area and this is the same area after using the circular grind tool uh i went through uh both batteries and i did maybe uh 10 square feet 20 square feet not looking so good how are you doing over there with a corded one oh great it uh never runs out of power uh it's always got full power you know so can't really clean yeah look at all clean these window sills are looking the recock and put the windows back in we were also floating the idea that since the windows are out now is a good time could be a good time to get this whole thing painted professionally uh with a nice clear coat and stuff like that so well i don't know we'll see you want to do it yourself by chance i'm fine with that if you can't find spray i don't know what i don't i honestly don't know what it would cost to paint a bus have someone paint it versus doing it ourselves i have seen people kind of diy a spray painting thing uh might be helpful for the build series but uh this is what's going on over here just a whole lot of cleaning up the difference between that huh so this was the rust that uh we discovered wasn't all that serious was it because just with a little uh you know grinding with a wheel this is uh this is all come up there's no corrosion there is no um chunking or flaking off or there's no gigantic pieces so this makes me really happy and uh we'll treat this for rust uh in the coming days as well so besides getting it all clean and shiny like this we'll put some stuff on there to neutralize it and um yeah it's it's a non-issue basically look at this that was all like dirty rusty uh worse than that because that was with the drill and this set up here does this so much much cleaner um okay here let's do a nice before see that before after that's with the drill and that's with the angle grinder good morning nothing better than the sound of the generator the smell of the gasoline and uh working on a school bus on a i think it's saturday what is going on there dude i told you i wanted the handicap door what the heck's going on all right we got some uh breaking news here i know there were a couple people who said oh yeah keep the handicap door you can turn it into whatever well if anybody can guess what we're doing to this door throw your comment in down below because i guarantee we're doing something that's never been done before and i'm not going to reveal what it is exactly right now any hints uh i don't want to give any hints i'm having too much fun designing it all right the possibilities are open we should say we have this now on top of the piece of angle iron which uh michael welded to that frame right there so let's see anybody have a clue what this is going to be yet all right there we go there's an exterior view so what's going on we got a hole right there and we have a hole right there huh did rip out all of the stuff that was in the ceiling because we're going to be redesigning the roof structure a bit but you don't necessarily have to take these out in your bus conversion we are because we're going to be doing something special of them by the way friends help that help friends out it's just deep i know but it's like ah it's going to get into my skin i know all right says the guy who's like says the guy who's uh doing all the i got like metal work i got natural natural butry a bug repellent man it's like the bugs are intense up here don't worry go thank me later what the heck are we doing over here that possibly be what is going on here what is this oh i don't know this is this is canada bad he said it's uh the canadian way my gosh so bad when you watch this know that i am actually wearing it uh because you gave it to me wait so let's get this straight guys let's get this straight here we have no emergency door and we have no handicap door or at least we have a handicap door with a high jump i'm not really sure what do you think is that a handicap door with a high jump are we making a high jump is this the olympic bus possibly i think that this just proves to people that just because you buy a bus with emergency doors and stuff it doesn't mean you can't modify and do something cool with it we're not telling you what we're doing with it but we're doing something cool with it what on earth is going on here what in tarnation is going on i'm kind of like i'm changing my ideas now i think i know what you were about to say yep i think i'm changing my mind yep i don't know about that do you guys smell what i'm cooking or what he's cooking i don't know what's gonna be cooking right there man the possibilities are endless i like this new idea yeah i think i i think we're on the same page i didn't even think of that yeah we we haven't even talked about what we just thought we're just thinking the same i mean just look at that just look at what it could be oh man i know what's going on over here trying to figure out how i'm gonna do this do what are we telling them oh i'm doing something also i'm not a big fan of uh breathing in rust just but i'm gonna play with this thing and get some of this rust up i'd have a piece i know i have a bar across i think the bar was not across before i don't think it was i don't remember honestly what are we doing here what on earth is going on i don't even know um honestly couldn't have uh done this without michael selp he's he knows how to weld i don't and also a big shout out and thanks to badge for tracking down his old welder for us to borrow from his friend who bought it so this is what we're looking like right now i'm also needy been some uh some indian food i'm gonna be cooking for us it's not gonna be really great because we don't have three important ingredients ginger garlic and onions and also cumin seeds but it'll taste kind of like it because we got all the spices uh made a little bit of progress here not a lot this thing wasn't as good as that thing but tomorrow we'll get that all buttoned up um this is what we're looking like right now what do you guys think what's going on over here comment below what is going on over there try and guess that what you this one you might be able to guess this one there's no way anybody's gonna really guess exactly what that is gonna be um it's gonna be pretty cool though it's gonna be the first time i think the first one in a school bus right i've never seen one in schools before that's why i'm doing it yep so that is a hint it's never been done before but we are about to do it all right we're kind of all over the place today this mystery thing was accomplished this over here was accomplished thanks to this fine gentleman right there and then uh let's see if i can get it through this hole wow nice uh we're putting in a uh max fan right here so here we go i got you guys back down here uh basically we did a a chalk line midpoint of the bus which was kind of tricky because there's this point here where there's a hole above it there's the light which we realized the light was off true center of the bus so our chalk line was slightly off but anyways it was close enough so we did that we tested out the panels again with the there it is uh max fan these things are great um now we're just kind of prepping and there's something else that we're going to do up here we're also not going to reveal what that is yet i'm just going to have to stick around for this but crazy idea something else is going to go here you guys are going to be so stoked we're doing some stuff that's never been done before on a school bus as far as we know as far as we know true as far as we know so we might want to call Guinness Book of World Records basically and just let them know that we exist they might already be onto us already i don't know what do you think uh i don't know man we haven't revealed anything so i don't know how they would know true however that could have actually been that uh UFO the other night it really could it could have not been the UFO it could have been the Guinness Book of World Records coming in to spy on our project and see all the top secret things that we're doing because we are gonna break the internet we'll give you guys a little hint of what's going on we have this handicap door but what did we do to it over there and what's going on here so i expect a lot of guesses as to what we are up to here uh brackets are off all three and something is happening out here in the countryside of alberta canada


Good morning, everyone. It's such a pleasure to be here at York University with some great news for students, commuters, and families. I want to begin by thanking Premier Nguyen and Mayor Tory for having me this morning and for all the great things they do for the people of Ontario. It's great to be here with you both. Great to be here with many MPs, MPPs, councillors, mayors. Everyone really came together on this project over the past years, and it's wonderful to be finally announcing the opening here. For quite some time now, the City of Toronto and its suburbs have been steadily growing. More and more people have chosen to study, work and raise their families in Canada's largest city, and with good reason. With its top universities, great job opportunities and exciting community events, Toronto's metropolitan area has a lot to offer. But as Torontonians know all too well, the growing population has resulted in more cars on the road, more people on the bus, and more time spent waiting for the subway, which means less time at home. Simply put, transit services have had trouble keeping up with the growing demand. That's why, as soon as we got to power, one of our great priorities was to invest in infrastructure, especially in public transport. In 2016, we went through the first stage of our plan to look at what public transport networks would allow students to go back to school in the morning and go home after a long day. Here in Ontario, we also announced investments of nearly $1.49 billion last year to contribute to the repair and modernization of public transport by the Fund for Public Transport Infrastructure. Today, we are proud to join with our provincial and municipal partners to celebrate the long-awaited opening of the new subway line, that will improve the quality of life of hardworking people and their families across the GTA. Indeed, the new line spans over 8.6 kilometres and adds six new stations to the existing network. This is the first rapid transit line to cross the City of Toronto boundary. This means that folks who live in the suburbs will benefit from unprecedented accessibility to key downtown areas at a lower cost. The new line will effectively improve the lives of millions of Ontarians by making sure that students make it on time to their first job interview, that parents make it home early to help their kids with their homework, and that families enjoy what their community has to offer whenever they want. The subway extension is an example of the kinds of things we can accomplish when we work together to make a real difference in the lives of Canadians. And on that note, I want again to thank Premier Nguyen and Mayor Tory for their sustained leadership on this project, on the many other transit and infrastructure projects that have marked the past years. This project and all the projects they've been working hard on in collaboration with the federal government that's happy to be there as an engaged and active partner is going to go a long way to making this city an even better. place to call home. Toronto York's Bidina subway extension will mean a faster commute, less time in traffic, and more money in people's pockets as they trade their cars for a subway ticket.