I give kind of a case presentation from a patient that I saw in the Neurothymology Clinic. This was an 18-year-old young man. So his chief complaint was a two-month history of a black spot in his superior temporal visual field of his left eye. The spot had become gradually smaller over the last few weeks. It was not associated with any other visual changes or any eye pain. Although he did have, when he first noticed the spot, some brief headaches lasting 15 minutes for about the first two days, but those had since resolved. Around the time that he noted the onset of these visual changes, he noticed some tingling in his feet, and that worsened for a little while and then kind of stabilized. So other history, he had a long-standing history of pectus excavatum and he'd recently undergone this placement of what's called a NUSPAR, which sounds like a brutal procedure, it's like a metal bar to try to change the shape of the chest wall. And he unfortunately developed a postoperative staphylococcal infection that was pretty significant, required long-term antibiotic treatment. There was no significant family history. He was a student, didn't have any other remarkable social history. He, at the time that we saw him was on intravenous naphthalone and he previously had long-term IV vancomycin and lanazolet. So on exam his vital signs were normal. His visual acuity was actually normal, 2020 in H.I. He did have a small left aphor and pupillary defect. The intraocular pressures were normal, motility was normal. His stereo was decreased a little bit. Color vision was normal, but he endorsed his mild subjective red dissaturation also in the left eye. The rest of his exam was unremarkable except for his neurologic exam which showed some diminished vibratory sensation in his extremities. So this was kind of his depiction of a, like, AMSLA grid in both eyes, what kind of, what he would see. He did close in one eye versus the other and the visual field defect was in his left eye. So here's some funness photos. You can see a little blurring of the disc margin actually in both eyes. So he had some mild optic nerve edema at this time and it's hard to see in this photograph but he had a couple of spots in his left eye where he had some resolving peripapillary hemorrhage. So the left eye seemed to be a little more effective than the right. He had a visually evoked potential that showed a P100 that was 113, given his young age, this was felt to be a little, a little delayed. Okay, written on there fiber layer OCT scans which showed, actually you can, you can see the mild edema here. As you can see the tracing up above normal in the left eye and you can see the asymmetry between the two eyes. So this is again consistent with the left eye being a little more effective than the right and some mild optic nerve edema. So just kind of thinking about differential diagnosis. You can think about genetic things. This is possible but less, much less likely you could think about a toxic or nutritional optic neuropathy. Of course, there's, you know, infectious or inflammatory possibilities, maybe a demyelinating process. Now, in this case, he had this interesting history of being on these antibiotics for a long time. And so just kind of a little additional history that I didn't want to give like right up front just to kind of give the whole thing away. He was, he was instructed by his infectious disease doctor to stop his lanazolid immediately upon any visual changes. So that happened actually two months before he came to see us. So at the point that we saw him, he, at the point that he experienced the initial visual changes, he'd been on lanazolid for six months. And in the intervening two months, since the time he stopped lanazolid and the time that we saw him in clinic, his visual field defect had improved as we mentioned but it hadn't completely resolved. So actually when he initially had his visual field changes, he went in to see another provider and got a baseline visual field which showed a slight enlargement of the blind spot and at the time we saw him, when he was two months off of lanazolid, again, he had mild symptoms but his visual field had normalized. Okay, so we saw him again three months later. This was five months off of lanazolid. At that point his visual acuity was 2015 in both eyes. There was no evidence of an RAPD, no evidence of residual optic nerve edema and he had complete resolution of his symptoms. Just a quick discussion about what we feel like was the etiology of the symptoms for this patient. So we feel like this picture is consistent with lanazolid-induced optic neuropathy. So lanazolid is a broad spectrum antibiotic first introduced back in 2000. You know, the recommended course for lanazolid is less than 28 days. That's the manufacturer's recommendation. It can be taken orally as well as IV and it's a valuable antibiotic because it has activity against MRSA and penicillin-resistant strep and VRE. So this is kind of one of the big gun antibiotics that the infectious disease folks kind of hold in reserve. And this patient had a very serious infection. You know, he had a staphylococcal infection that had been going on for months. The first two cases of lanazolid-related optic neuropathy were reported in 2003, a 71-year-old female and 45-year-old male. Each of these patients had developed visual changes after a long-term use of lanazolid and upon discontinuing the medication, each patient had a significant visual recovery that neither of them recovered completely. And this visual recovery, the follow-up was like out at five or six months. So again, it took quite a while for things to improve for those patients. Now several subsequent case reports have been published. Almost all of those seem to be linked to extended duration of lanazolid use in months for most patients, although there is one reported case of visual changes consistent with lanazolid-induced optic neuropathy after only 16 days of lanazolid use. Features that are seen with this optic neuropathy are secocentral scatoma, color vision loss, loss of visual acuity, APD, and optic nerve edema, and ultimately atrophy can be seen. But most patients do experience significant visual recovery with the potential of complete visual recovery as occurred in our case after discontinuation of the medication. So the potential mechanism for this optic neuropathy, lanazolid is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It acts by binding the 23S ribosomal RNA portion of the 50S bacterial subunit and inhibits formation of the 70S ribosomal initiation complex. Similar to lanazolid chloramphenicol also causes peripheral and optic neuropathies. And we mentioned this patient had this decreased vibratory sensation in his extremities and he did have a peripheral optic neuropathy which was thought to be related to lanazolid as well. So it also inhibits protein synthesis that mines to a different portion of this same molecule, 50S ribosomal subunit. Both of these agents also have some off-target effects and block mitochondrial protein synthesis to some degree. Now the optic nerve is highly dependent upon mitochondrial function and is susceptible even to relatively low levels of inhibiting a mitochondrial protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. So it's thought to be a mitochondrial based mechanism from off-target effects of protein synthesis within the mitochondria. Now other medications thought to cause similar optic neuropathies. We talked about chloramphenicol, also a thambutol, antibiotics erythromycin, streptomycin and then also nucleoside analog anti-retroviral medications such as AZT. It's a very nice recent review in the Journal of Neuroophthalmology about these mitochondria related optic neuropathies and most of these are felt like lanazolid to improve after discontinuation of the medication. So in summary lanazolid is a new broad spectrum antibiotic. It is becoming more frequently prescribed. We're gonna be seeing more and more patients on this medication for serious infections. Now particularly in the setting of extended duration usage lanazolid carries a risk of both peripheral neuropathy and optic neuropathy. The optic neuropathy seems to be reversible in many cases. The peripheral neuropathy unfortunately is usually not reversible. Patients and providers should be aware of this risk and of course consider discontinuing the medication immediately if they experience any visual changes but this should of course be in consultation with an infectious disease specialist because patients should not be on lanazolid unless they have a very serious infection. And here are my some of the references and I'd be happy to answer any questions. So in prolonged use is there any sense of what the incidence of this is? Is this a consider a rare event or is this a question that we just don't know? Yeah I think they just don't know yet what the incidence is. But I think there'll be a better idea that as you get a little more experience with the medication and it can happen in all ages. This patient was 18. Of course I found a reference for kids that specifically discussed lanazolid neuropathy in children. The youngest patient who's been shown to have optic neuropathy related to lanazolid use was six years old. Okay thanks.


Metal chlorates decompose to give the metal chloride an oxygen gas. If we heat potassium chlorate, the potassium chlorate first melts and then starts to decompose. The bubbling that appears is the formation of oxygen gas. The oxygen gas escapes from the tube, leaving the metal chloride behind. If we bring in a glowing splint, the glowing splint will burst into flames due to the increased rate of combustion due to the presence of the oxygen.


Welcome to ToffyTV, it is the match preview Crystal Palace versus Everton in the third round of the FA Cup We should all be dead excited for this But it's getting played on a Thursday night At 8 o'clock so we can be on ITV4 in the UK. You know just after dodgeball and just before The horse racing from Dubai or something. I don't know but I'll be the 17th show on of Yeah, some films the magnificent seven the new version with Chris Pratt, which is either right, right? Well, yeah, like Thanks, thanks for that. Thanks, you know, I'm dog day. It normally is you know, thanks for that I know a busy busy Christmas period and you know what the teams will play satay and Sunday and your night is Monday Maybe Monday night, you know and now we play on a Thursday. We play on a Thursday. Thanks. Thanks for that So if it if it wasn't already tough, they've just made a little bit tougher Yeah, I don't know what to say other than yeah, why Thursday? Why not the Friday night again? You're asking fans to go down eight o'clock kickoff in London Next away game is a Tuesday night in London against Fulham You know and fans you've just been to Tottenham two days before Christmas or Wolves You know the week later Get asked again, you know five days later to get do it go on do it all again For an FA Cup third-hand side, but it is what it is and our fans will turn up in their numbers like they do everywhere Yeah Yeah, but it's it's obviously sort of the show about it isn't it and people obviously Are excited and will be excited. It's the FA Cup. It's an opportunity It's the only opportunity obviously now to win something this season, but as I said, it's it's gonna be tough, isn't it because Obviously as December went on things just got harder and harder for us. I think we we had a fantastic start in the month but obviously in the last couple of weeks we've we've gone and We've gone off the rails a little bit Which is understandable with the pressure that has been put on the squad the injuries that have mounted up All over really and It makes it very interesting doesn't it because obviously we know there's not going to we know there's not going to be a Disaganna gaze not going to be involved actually young's not going to be involved The the core aid the manager says he's touching go, but is he really going to risk him when He's got another 10 days till the next Premier League game and then it's got another another Another couple of weeks So I Can't see him going with the core yard and and players are struggling, you know I mean we saw it in the walls game players players are struggling and I know You mentioned fatigue and people go all the professionals and this job and all this and it's the same for everyone else But maybe it is the same for everyone else, but the way we play Means we have a lot of we have a lot of time without the ball chasing after the ball being organized Pressing and it will take a toll when we've been using the same 13-14 players all season and you're asking them again to go to go back to the well. They are humans We just had an incredibly busy period and And obviously this is a continuation of that and it's going to be it's going to be difficult It is I mean the managers only users like you say 13 or 14 players anyway And then when you take out of that the core I Garnet and you take actually young out of it who's played, you know, we was playing in every game till he got injured then all of a sudden you dance a 12 maybe players Obviously we've got the bonus of having James Coleman back in the squad now. We sure didn't come on it at Wolves at the weekend But you know we are having to nurse a few players through we play, you know, but seen I seen a thing When we've done the walls fine a word and people say well yet Wolves would play three games in a week But yet we'd also played and effort a car about cook was a final a few days before Wolves and we lost players since then as well So we are stressed and we are tired and You know, maybe the manager should use a sub better in other games, but he obviously doesn't trust everybody and we've just got Andre Gomez back after Not playing forever for 18 months and all of a sudden he's he's had to play Two or three games in a week and more than he's done so he was struggling So it has been difficult and people can look at that and go there just excuses Well, maybe they are but the end of the day we haven't got a big squad in there for We knew December was gonna be an issue and when you lose arguably Evan Eddons probably Eddons most important player in the team. Yeah, because In Adelaide the core and I say that because we don't have anybody who is the same as him. No If we add an injury to Dominic all the women's side, which we did the forest better played Is he is good as Tom? No, but he's better than Thomas some aspects of it, but Dom is a more refined Striker if we lose a centre back. It's not ideal. We did not have to add a plan to it at the end But Michael King come in a bonus job, but there's been got three days to do it Yeah, so we can piece it, you know, we we had three right backs three weeks ago And then all of a sudden we had one. Yeah, but we were able to piece it together And but Adelaide the core he goes out the side. We don't have anyone who can do it. We tried we've had Harrison's had a go there James Garner's had a go there We've had Andre Gomez having a go there But since the core he's been at the side, we've lost every game if you include the full penalty defeat as well So that's a huge part of our team. We haven't been able to replace him. So we have had that Couple together with playing so many games couple together with other injuries as well Which has meant the manager stretch than and I don't believe for one second the core I'll be involved because Villa the home is a huge game for us. They're flying. They're a really good side But it's a home game for us and we have to get back to winning ways in the Premier League And I think the manager rather than go This is a one-off cup tie if I play the core and he picks up another injury We might be on without him for another month Where is it arrest them? I know that when he tried by the time you play Villa, he should be fine You'd always want to play your best 11, but I do think he will make changes because I think you I think there will be a few people Who are running on entry and could do with a little break and that's it Isn't it if you're making all the changes around the pitch and there's no point bringing the glory back if you're already You know, I know you you want your best players out there But if you if you can't then you've got to make use of that squad and As you mentioned there the manager Doesn't doesn't like making Changes and maybe and he approaches every game is it as obviously as a singular event as well So he doesn't he's not looking at three or four games in a row He obviously looks at them all on their own merits and we saw that at Wolves on Saturday where it's clear that I'm not he should have changed and then even for the even for the physical side of things He should be should have been changing it But for him he wanted to continue doing what he thought was in his mind was the best thing to do It clearly wasn't but that's what managers have to do Don't do they have to be single-minded and and stick to what what they think is going to give them the best results. So So I do think Just the way this game is just the way this game is coming where it's come Maybe if it was Saturday, I think maybe go or Sunday. I want to go a little bit stronger but being on a Thursday night and Having obviously a lesson, you know being on phase tonight and having maybe two less days to train or two less days to Less day to rest or whatever because you've got a travel That's going to make his mind up and as you as you said there I can't see him using more the describe plays or using you know I'm using that tumor or Dobbin or whatever it is because I Just I just think he'll he'll have that mindset of It's the Premier League. Maybe if we had 26 points Yeah, it's a different thing But we haven't we've got 16 points with a point above the relegation zone and he's got to look at like that his job is to Keep everything in the Premier League and as much as we'd all love a cup run. I Don't think that's the way he's going to be thinking No, well he said then there's press conference that the Premier League's that Is the most important thing and I think you're right. I think if we've had the 26 points that we've earned Then this is a different you look at this slightly different because you're not worried about relegation You know no team who were on 26 points. You're worried about losing nobody Don't know no because they just look and go Looting out making that back up on us and then and then leaving us behind It's just not happening and barely in chef United as far as I'm concerned. They're gone anyway So I think his mindset will be totally different where there's right now Ever another point at the looting of four behind first, which is we shouldn't be four points behind for us But we are and that's and obviously we've got Brentford bias as well. So it is focused right now It's right. We want to start pulling teams back into it and therefore this game does become a bit of a distraction not that he won't want to win and the fans going down if we all want to win We all want a couple of evidence to get through and get to like a quarter-final and have a few home ties in that's more money coming in That's what the club needs But I also think he'll look and I wouldn't surprise me if Ben Goffry comes in and plays it wouldn't surprise me if And they go my start and instead of someone like James Garner Wouldn't surprise me Dan do you my dobbin and better wall start and he looks to get you miti some minutes She was Coleman you know involved as well and therefore you're talking after the five changes, maybe Because I you're giving some people a chance to get minutes in the legs And you're giving some of the plays a chance to get some rest those plays will obviously be on the bench because of the way You know there's a little room I go on the Ram McKenzie hunt might be involved You know so so you've got a look at that and think well I am down a mat and he'll make like eight and they've only got eight changes exactly But I think three or four from the team at the weekend. I don't even know if we can make any changes in midfield That was my face. Go home as a wee back. So therefore rather than play on the gun and then go He might change the start he might I think he's only got three so I think he could ice I look at it and think He might even go through the back and say talk off skills and go go free Keane and Brantwick the three young ones or whatever No, I'm not I don't know whether he will but I'm just saying it wouldn't surprise me if he looked them into you need a bit of a blow Oh, yeah, you need a bit of a blow after this. We've got a break. I Don't know. We'll have to see but if I was on a dance you know and Louie stop on I'd expect to play in this Because I'd be thinking well, you're not gonna play me in the Premier League Right now because Harrison and McNeill dessert. I mean Dwight McNeill looks knackered and When you've heard that he's the pressure he's been under and the biggest personal life what's going on with obviously his partner Then the lad needs a little bit of a blow as well.  Yeah, and it's he did this don't forget a villa. He made a cup Don't you know come in he made a couple of chain. It'll give those players the opportunity to get minutes in a tank was she in right now Apparently looking to move Gomez on well This is an opportunity to play him to give someone a rest because if you're thinking well We're gonna try and move him on anyway. You may as well play him and give I Don't know change kind of the restaurant. I'm gonna do one or whatever. I know it's difficult because you look and go Well, who can actually play in there, but he might you know better. Well Is this a good chance to take down back out and give better or 70 minutes? Is it a chance to play three five to play the pair of them and go go ahead and then have Timothy With half an hour left to play some one of them. It's an opportunity for him to Give some people give Sheamus Coleman Is he up to then looking a fill ago? Is Patterson pulling up any trees or is he happy with Patterson or is he looking at Nathan Patterson thinking? Not sure yet, and I think she must might need to be dragged up to to fit So it wouldn't surprise me if he makes four changes From the team. Yes, that was just a freshener. It's hard isn't it? That would add it again if actually young was available be a little bit easier because he could play right midfield and But we just don't we just don't have the bodies It's just just don't have the players do we duck and obviously like the likes of the centre backs yet You can change them out if you want because you've got cover but we could play for the back and have the whole new Part you could go back with Keane and go free for this one and go well you two need minutes and brand to wait and talk He you need a rest. Yeah, the branch was a young centre back So he's played every game has been available Since he got in the team talk, he's played every minute of everything He might just want to give him a blow to refresh him. He didn't he had a very poor game at Wolves Tarky and he's not had too many of them I gave him a break. I'm not saying he's sure that just it just wouldn't surprise me I mean, you can be mentally though Keane, you know, you if you've already picked your team in your mind Say on Monday and you're training all week It can be that side of things as well, you know all the instructions given some of these players a break from that side I mean, obviously you don't need to know it because you know if they're gonna be backups and stuff, but It can be that side of things just letting people have a few days With he can with you know, they're not playing and can sort of maybe just switch off a little bit I'm one other thing as well, which fans won't like and I don't particularly like it but if he does make four changes and then it's That breaks up the thing if ever way to lose the messaging is well yet Well, we didn't have a proper full team up will be back for that feeling I'm not saying that you don't want that what you want is to make the full changes and they go on and win the game And then you've refreshed it again. You've got a break then of What is it 11 days till we play Villa? That's good, but if you lose that can also be a positive to go Well, that wasn't that we were not on this losing streak as we did make changes for that some managers do that But I think for sure and I think it will be a case of I think if this like you said if this This game was Sunday or Monday. I think he did. I think he'd approach it different again I think he'd be trying to play his best 11 that day as in what he thinks is close to his best team I'm not convinced just because they look they've looked I think they've looked knackered since the full I'm getting that full. I'm getting he didn't look fresh because just the games are piling up So we'll see but it's still time win it and it's a great opportunity for lads who aren't in the team to come in and Go I should be playing you should be giving me a chance. It's better like you say And she's done very little. This should be his opportunity Dobbin should be going play me I'll show you that I'm good enough better If it's him she might have you get to go and show me that I deserve a go here You're not giving it McKenzie on TV is given an opportunity whether it's a sub or whatever show that you belong because other teams Sometimes players do step up in other games way and you look and go where did that come from because you want to prove something That's what I want to see from our place. You may be giving this opportunity in the game Yeah, I mean Being on the bench and they haven't had much chance. So The manager decides to give them Their opportunities and it's gonna be difficult when it's all at once. That's the only thing isn't it when you've got but Yeah, we'll wait and see let's Let's have a look at the crystal palace side that played last out against Bremford obviously winning 3-1 As you can see for three three That's Pretty much what he's been playing now hasn't it? No, they're still so we're out the quarry and he's been a bit of a miss Yeah, but he's also lost Michael all the same now. He's got a hamstring injury and won't be involved. So that's good news for everything But he got as a back and he scored in eight the week and he's a good player We played them down there. He wasn't even obviously before it you've been done It's that as a numbers for the season so far 14 games three goals xg3.9 for one assistant and and an xa of 2.6 Two sorry and as you can see his heat map all over the shop, isn't he in very dynamic player when we played them looked like He could easily slot into a Manchester city just this just the ability had and he's not into an event Just behind a striker. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know He's got the facilities to play every week every minute No, he's a top player and he will cause his problems. I don't listen Wait so much ever and we don't know how Roy Orton's going to approach me. He's been under pressure They've only won one in five. I mean very unlucky against Liverpool Got a gutter or a shitty city he went there and showed come back from tunnel behind and showed them Showed something very unlucky going away Chelsea to one and then and then sort of got there Got what he deserved at the weekend against Ben and for doing terrible wrong. So it's and it's at home Roy Orton might be thinking I'm under a little bit of pressure a good cup run could do as well here It's a nice little distraction and probably won't fear Relegation because that's you know, they're always in 12th place No matter what. Yeah, no matter what. Did you just they just appear you know, but it's reserved. Yeah So they might they might they might give a few squad plays, but it's always difficult down there We know we've got a decent run that decent record down there And obviously as we said we've won there this season. But how do you think he'll approach you? I Think he'll go strong for them. I know obviously all the trees out, but I think they've got Edward They've got my tether haven't he who? I think the tether's gone all the weekend. I think he might have done But I think for them, it's not it's a home game, isn't it? And I think it's an opportunity to to get into that fourth round and At home, I think you're always tend To to play strong and try to get through that way He still might make a few changes because I'm but they haven't got the biggest squad either And they have had some injuries so they might be a little at least he scored a couple of times at the weekend And hasn't got the other one So that Alicia will be a big miss for them because obviously I think she'll five goals and three assists I think this season he's done all that Talents of player and he'd only just retained that me when we played them last time But yeah, I think they'll go was probably strongest he can with the exception of one or two maybe but For us, we are like you just said we have got a good record down there and it's an opportunity for the manager to To you know go and get us another big win away from home and we've done all right in London We only lost to Spares haven't we I think this season in London. So It's chance for us to bounce back a bit tough game. It'd be a tough game for them though I think because I think the lads are coming for us Like I said should want to prove a point and therefore This isn't a team. It's gonna dominate the ball either So they're another team like us who don't mind the opposition having it in any year And I think what we did see in the league game then they was as he in them pockets He was very dangerous and we struggled with them certainly in the first half We got to grips a little bit second half, but he was still influential and he is undoubtedly which is why we picked them out It's the danger man. He's the one we've got a very very talented player. Yeah, there you go It's gonna be a tough game and it's gonna be very very interesting to see What team Sean Dice put out what team he can put out. I think it is more more of the point, isn't it? And Yeah, no one we all want to see is Progress in the cup that would be it would be another year, wouldn't it? So but but the manager can only do what he can do with the plays he's got we always knew it was gonna be difficult December was always gonna be difficult. I think we done really well out of December really Considerable can we get 2024 off to a good start. We'll wait and see there you go Let us know your thoughts in the comments. Make sure to give this video a like Subscribe if you haven't already and also if you don't get time to watch the videos and you've only got time for podcasts Make sure to check us out. All all the videos are available as podcasts and They're all available without ads and all the exclusive videos are over on toffee TV premiere as well link is in the description And the QR codes come up now on the screen. See you later


Hello, it's very much a pleasure to be here. So the first time we've had a Moodle event in this corner of the US, which as you said is a very unique place. And I'm really glad that we're here. I'm gonna point out the obvious that this isn't a massive conference and it's because we had a couple of moods this year. We had a hurricane and about six weeks ago everything was looking a bit scary and different and we just about canceled the whole thing. And last minute we decided to keep going. I wanna really thank everyone who has come here. What I, when I see a group this large though, I still say, I can't talk to you all in this time we have anyway, except for all at once, but not individually. So I think we can still, and we will still have a lot of rich conversations and there's gonna be a lot of good connections to be made. So I'm really looking forward to the next couple of days. I have my slides somewhere here. Here we go. Are we good? Can you switch over? There we go. So, so welcome. I have just come off the, I'm in the middle of like five weeks of travel. I've just come up through South America and then through the US and then I'm going to Europe and I'm gonna go to Asia and I end up in Kuala Lumpur and then back home to Perth. So it's around the world. And I feel a little bit like I'm doing a tour and I'm a bit of a frustrated rock star. I play drums and I didn't get anywhere with it. So, but I'm thinking next time I do this I'm gonna get tour dates on the back of the shirt. So let's call this the empowering educators tour. And I wanna get straight into it and talk about how this year is a little bit different or a lot different for Moodle than any previous time in our history and a very pivotal time and a very exciting time. At the beginning of this year we sort of republished our mission and vision for the whole project. Some of you may remember the mission we had before and it was like a bullet list with a whole bunch of stuff that was crammed in there and we tried to boil it down and this was the result. And it's about empowering educators to improve our world. A critical thing with that mission was I had to fit on a t-shirt and you're getting one of these t-shirts or one of the other, there's two styles, the other style. That's every word in that is very important and that's why we exist. That's why this whole thing is here. Our vision is to give the world the most effective platform for learning. That may seem more obvious but the mission is important and I want to drill down into the reasons why that is the mission. Let's start with our context. So the pinned tweet that I have right now is a picture of that and I like to, I don't know, I always like to look at pictures of the earth for like, I don't know, 30 years. This is this little speck of mud floating in the cosmos. That's our context. That's all we have to live on. That's the only, that's our home, it's shared. And as Tom was alluding to, I think all of us have an equal right to be on this thing along with the animals and the plants and everything. And it's, we're at the point now where we're actually having a lot of control over this thing and we're endangering this thing. So overall though, we've done all right as a species, as a human species. This is some graphs of the last 200 years and it shows some of our progress in, for example, reducing extreme poverty from something like 94% 200 years ago down to only 10% live in extreme poverty now. So it's still quite a big number but it's getting better, right? Basic education and literacy. We're talking about the basics. That's improving. There's only 15% of people in the world can't read now. So good job us. Democracy, 50% of the world has some sort of government where everyone gets a say in it. Now you can argue about the implementations of that and sometimes the results of that in particular instances but I think everyone would agree that it's probably a good idea that everyone gets some say in how their houses run. Only 14% of the world isn't vaccinated and only four out of 100 of our kids are dying before they're five. So you know, we're doing okay relatively. Now the UN, which I always wish, because I read a lot of science fiction as a kid, I always wished the UN was like in the science fiction books where you had like world governments that would create world currencies and like do cool stuff but our UN is a little bit more restricted and has to work with a lot of countries but they've come up with 17 sustainable development goals. So these are 17 things that they say we have to do just to make the earth sustainable just to make living here something tenable for the next, you know, 500 years say. I'm gonna focus on a few of those. I like to really just focus on these ones particularly because they're very more impactful I guess. So number one, we have a massive increasing inequality going on. There is a tendency for the gap between the lowest earners and wealth to be very far apart from the highest. At the beginning, sorry, about a year ago was 143 people at the top. Their wealth was equal to the bottom 50%. So you know, like we're talking about three and a half billion people at the bottom. At the beginning of this year, that number was down to eight and in July, that number was down to five. So it seems inevitable. We're all gonna be working for Mark Zuckerberg at some point. And he's running for president I heard. Awesome. Food, food, water, security. A lot of the world doesn't have, I don't wanna pick on Mark because there was four others in that list as well. Food, water, security in many countries due to reasons, they can't rely on food. A lot of what's happened in Syria is because of climate change and droughts going on in the country and people had to move into the cities and that exacerbated political problems, et cetera, right? Food and water security. 65 million people don't have a country to live in and on the move. And that's going up. Climate change is, there's so much evidence for it. All sorts of things are happening, more craziness in the climate. It's so slow that it's hard to perceive and we get thrown off by the occasional hurricane or drought here and there, but it's the trends that we have to worry about. Data privacy and ownership. There's massive battles going on now for who owns all this stuff that we think about that we're making and who controls the systems for how we collaborate and work together. We're rushing headlong into automating all kinds of jobs, all sorts of things are being automated. And I have a computer science background and I'm as excited as the next person about the possibility of automating, say, cars or all kinds of menial jobs such as being, I don't know, I'm not gonna pick at any, but are we making plans for the people who don't have those jobs in the next generation? What are we all gonna do? How are we gonna live? If the economy kind of requires you to have an income from a job that you've applied for. Healthcare quality. Some countries do healthcare better than others. I'll leave it at that. Education quality. We talked about basic education, but wouldn't it be cool if everybody had a college degree, like everybody? Just think about that situation, what that world would be like. So, look, for me, I think to solve those kind of problems, we need these kinds of people. You need people who are globally oriented, multi-culturally aware, by which I mean you can't understand or have any empathy for a refugee, unless you understand it's just a person on that side of the planet in that particular situation. And environmentalists, so actually having some awareness of impact on the planet and things around us, and being caring, and being citizens. Citizenship is an interesting thing. It's not necessarily, in my view, just the fact that you were born on a piece of land, and then you get to vote for someone. It's more that you are able to think about the issues and vote responsibly and take part in civic activities here and there. Maybe not just voting every four years for one of two choices. I think if we had a planet full of people like that, we could solve those big problems pretty quick. But there's a lot of forces against us, and we have to work towards that. For me, it's all about education. I think a lot of you probably feel the same way, otherwise you wouldn't be here. You're in education, probably, well, you had to feed your family for one thing, but secondly, you probably believe in it. You probably think you're actually making a change, and if you look at the impact you have on how many young people or adults that you're able to enable to have careers and have lives and be productive, useful, cool people to hang around, you know, there's a lot. We have a lot of impact as educators, and I think education is what has great impact. And it's across all subjects, every discipline. There's not any discipline that's necessarily, I would say, more important than any other. They all work together. It's all part of the tapestry of being a human being. Now, our government's gonna solve education. Our government's gonna fix the education system. Can I have a yes or no? Look, I wish we had that science fiction UN government that just fixed it all for us, but most governments that control the education in various countries, they focus on short-term election cycles and quick wins, generally, because they're focused on the next election or short-term things, generally. They're not usually, and they're exceptions, but they're not usually focused on where's our country going to be in 100 years or 1,000 years? That's usually three years. As a result, it doesn't really matter. It doesn't seem to matter who you vote for. Do you get that feeling? I know it can be very, very divided on certain things, but if you look back over the last government, whatever color it was, was there really such a change? Really? It doesn't really seem to matter who you vote for sometimes, particularly in Australia. There's very few change, a lot of talk, a lot of noise, but what are the real changes going on? It's because there are these economic drivers and what they tend to do is decrease money to public education. There seems to be an increasing focus on administration and reporting and loading up educators with more reporting responsibilities, giving them less time to actually do the coal-faced stuff. And there's an increasing focus on training people for the workforce. I ran into a CEO of a university, which for a start threw me off, and he was talking about how interested he was in working with other universities in other countries outside of the US, and joining them together with corporate programs here to train people in those countries to work for these big corporate companies here. And there was this focus on just training people for the workforce and not building citizens necessarily, right? Not the whole person. And you know, I'm generalizing here, there are obviously lots of exceptions, but these are trends that are going on, right? Can capitalism solve education? Now, I'm not standing up here like an anti-capitalist at all, particularly, but does that system solve this education? Does it improve education a lot? Most companies are designed around maximizing profit. It's very obvious, all right? So profit is excess cash. So you spend money doing things, you get more money back, and that excess money goes to buy usually things that are not the company, right? They go buy yachts and whatever. So the capitalist system says demand will balance everything, and to an extent that works. If there's demand for something, then someone will start a business that will service that demand, and everyone's happy, and products are created, and we have 50,000 brands of toothbrush to choose from. But unfortunately, the environment, the young, the poor, they don't have any influence in that system. They're not creating companies. We don't see the kangaroos of Australia getting together to form a company. I'm gonna point out a fact here, and it's not, I love being in the US, so I'm gonna really stress this, but it is a fact that this particular part of the world is 4.2% of the population of the world, actually. It has 25% of the world's wealth here, and it requires 30% of the world's resources to function because of the way it's been structured. And there's still areas of the US that have terrible poverty. Don't need to point them out. You know about them, right? It's there in many of the cities. There's lots of poverty around. But that model, this structure that happens to be here and in many other countries, too, but not all of them, it can't be replicated everywhere. There's not enough resources to go around in the world. There's not enough of food and oil and all that stuff to have the same system everywhere. So there's something not right about it. The Silicon Valley culture is focused on capturing and selling your attention in little blocks. And they're very open about that. A lot of the designers who build the very juicy and addictive apps that everyone is staring at as they're walking down the street, they're capturing your attention bit by bit. They've got autoplay on the video, taking... Here's something else you wanna see. Here's something else. Here's something in Facebook that pulls you in. You wanna talk to your family, you have to do it through this system. So they are capturing your attention, selling it to the highest bidder, advertisers, and they're selling your data as well.  At the time, if they're making you watch a video, you know, I get addicted to it as much as the next person. It's a constant battle because they've designed it for our brains. That time you've spent watching that video is time you haven't spent doing something else. So I don't think that when I hear education companies that are in this model saying things like education is broken, teachers can't cope with the load, students have poor quality education, we will fix it with this app or this system that... And we will do this thing. I don't really believe that's actually the future. I can't see that future actually panning out. That power is concentrating the fewer and fewer hands. Like there is a definite language going on in our society about disruption, replacing, control. It's about... It's really about control.  And this money through the... If you look at the ownership of most of these companies, it goes up through venture capitalists and then up to the super wealthy, right? So everything's sort of funneling up. I prefer the language of supporting, of nurturing, of improving. Like I think education is so important to us that just because an education system is having problems, that's a clear sign we need to fix it and put energy into it and support it. And it's not necessarily... Let's get someone else to build a system that's going to replace it. For me, the only thing that I can see out there that makes sense in this environment is open projects, open standards, open knowledge, open music, open spaces, open innovation, open government. This kind of open movement is a way of building structures in society that companies don't necessarily control, that will outlive individuals, will outlive governments, will outlive any company. And I only see good things out of these models and there are so many really cool initiatives happening everywhere and Moodle is one of them as an open source project and that's why it was started that way in the first place. So openness I think is the right way to go and the second thing is that if you're trying to empower educators, I mean as a goal, what I would love to see is that educators are empowered to the point where the best school or university is the one closest to you. They're all good, right? So you don't have to fight and pay or whatever, they're all good. Wouldn't that be ideal? Wouldn't it be good if teachers were respected like doctors or politicians or Kanye West or CEOs perhaps? I'm only using that as an example because CEOs get coverage in the media, right? When they say things, teachers don't generally. If teachers were supported with tools, good professional development, unrestricted content so they didn't have to fight the copyright systems and things, if we had that, we could promote global cross-cultural collaboration between them and then communities can start looking at those big problems together and that's why we have this mission. So we're very much in there. We're trying to empower educators to improve our world. That is supported by five main values. So we have values underlying that. So the first one is education. We put that in there as a value. Every situation where you're talking to somebody or interacting with someone can be seen as an education situation. This is one, every conversation you have, sharing what you know with other people around you can only help. Openness, I talked about openness. We promote accessibility and internationalism all over the place. Respects, so we try and respect everybody, including competitors, the people in our team, the people in the community. We try and have integrity. We're striving towards having ethical standards that are demonstrated when you're alone and also when you're with everyone else. And innovation. Innovation is a value. We value innovation. We're really trying to build environments where everybody can innovate. Everybody can take the thing and build on it. And obviously Moodle, the code is a very direct example. But we have lots of other projects you're gonna hear about in the next couple of days where you can also be involved. And even inside the Moodle HQ, we're really working towards building a situation where anybody can innovate and come up with ideas for what the company should be doing. So we, actually, I should have updated the slide. I think we just cracked 92,000 sites. It's going up a lot more rapidly now because we actually made the registration button visible. So you're gonna see these numbers climbing. And I had them all, they're going up so fast that yesterday I actually went around to all the teams inside and said, are you dead sure these are correct? Are all the systems working? Are we, in fact, going out there and because we remove sites, because we have an automatic robot that checks the sites. And if a Moodle site disappears, we take it off the list. So there's no dead sites here. These are live sites. It goes every week. I said, is it all working? Is it really working? Can I use these numbers with confidence? And everyone goes, yep, yep, check that, check that, check that. I'm like, okay, great, good. This new registrations button is working. So things are growing and it's very international. You can see in that top 10 US is at the top. USA, USA. This is on the side at the Olympics. It was Australia versus the US in volleyball. And there was some Americans there going, USA, USA. And some Australians joined in with a chant and they changed the emphasis. So it became USA, US, A, US, A, US. So we share a lot our two countries. It's pretty cool. And the next one is Spain. We've got Brazil, Mexico, India. In the past three months, India has shot from like the 10th position up to fifth. Very fast growing in India. Italy, UK, Colombia, Germany, Australia, and everywhere else. One thing you'll notice is that only one to three of those top 10 speak English as a first language. We have a very international project.  Now I've just been talking about venture capitalists and all that stuff, right? I spent a couple of years trying to find a way for us to really accelerate moodle development. Because the last 15 years has been pretty much that growth curve like that. And which is great, good. But I have to say my sites are much higher now. My sites are on, we have to be not only competitive but better than the Googles, the Microsofts, the Facebooks, the big things that are in all of our devices. I want moodle to be chosen because it's actually a better product than those things. And to do that, we really need to take our sustainability that we had. Moodle has never been in debt. It's never had any investors before.  The money you get in, the money we spent. And we wanted to take it up to a much higher level of sustainability. And to do that, we needed like a boost. And I've been talking to a lot of different people and investors.  Sorry, go away. Anyway, finally found an investor I really like.  So it was, I was at a conference in Israel and I got up and had a rant for about 20 minutes. I don't think I even talked about moodle. And in the audience was a couple of people from this family in France. And they pretty wealthy people who made their money in the last couple of decades through a company called Decathlon, which is a sports company. And you might be going, what relation does that have to education? Well, they have a real deep belief in helping the masses. And in their view, their sports company, which is very global, it's like 10 billion euros a year or something, lots of countries. I think it's opening in the US this month or something is trying to encourage people to be active and healthy and fit through sport. And they're trying to make sport equipment that's as cheap as it can possibly be. It's easy to get into as possible. And when I looked into them, I was so impressed with their whole corporate strategy, the way their vision worked, their values, and the way it worked. And it seemed very compatible with us. And I could start to see the compatibility. And we talked for a few months, and then we worked it out. And so they've become an investor in moodle with a minority percentage. And they've given us six million bucks to just get started. And this is allowing us to really wrap things up. And in the past month, we've already hired five or six people. Another five or six this month and a few more and we're hiring a lot. So we're growing fast. That's really good for me because we've been working with, like there's been parts of the whole moodle process where we didn't have someone who was good at that particularly, but we may do.  And you probably know in your own organizations when you have that kind of, there's a pain point and you find somebody who's the right person to fill that space and then you just take it to a new level. So that's all happening now. And I'm very excited about it. So it's time to make moodle amazing, right? We've got the breaks off and it's a very exciting time. So let me talk about, let's be honest about the problems of moodle. Now I know about the problems more than anybody because I'm very concerned. And I really wanna, I'm always listening to people and we wanna do a lot of hearing you at this conference. So be very, very open with your gripes. We want to know of them. But in general, moodle's often seen as being complex, not easy, you know, it's old. It doesn't look so simple as my app usually does. Although moodle is somewhat complex for a reason. It's handling a lot of cases and doing education which can be complex, not a simple process. However, it should feel easy, it should feel simple. As a result, we know many teachers don't drive it very well. They'll use some basic features. It's probably the 80-20 rule applies. And it's not their fault. They don't really have enough support. Most of those people teaching in these systems never learned, they never did their school on online education. They don't really know what it's like from that point of view. They never had a good model to follow. So that's a problem. Now moodle partners provide support but that's only if you're with a moodle partner or you have an institution that resources support correctly and then appropriately. Moodle is not where people are so well. Moodle is not super great at being on mobiles. It's not in the social spaces. It's not in the places that you are all looking at every day so much. You have to go to Moodle, it's separate. So there's some problems. And so here's the solution. So this is the plan, what we're working on for the next couple of years and we'll set the tone for the future as we get into like a new level. There's five big projects we're working on and in a couple of years, you'll be seeing that as moodle. The five things working together, linked together, that's moodle. But to break it down, I want to go into the five different things and explain them now. So let's talk about moodle, the core product. Let's call it the server, the server product. The one that you download and install and you have an LMS. I'm not going to go into lots of detail but our major focus is here, foci. Number one, usability. Usability, usability, usability. We're going to keep banging away at that. And there's been some very good strides already in the last couple of years. The boost thing was the first step towards a new interface that's evolving quickly. We have some amazing prototypes under development. But usability of, in terms of workflow, little tasks. You need to do a task. You're coming in two grade sum assignments. What is the path to get there and go through that?  Integrations. And I'm particularly focused on integrations with open things. However, we're working on integrations that people need. So a lot of you may be using Google Docs. In fact, we use it internally in Moodle HQ because, yeah, it looks a good system. Just because one company achieved a system without usability doesn't mean everyone else needs to stop developing software. There's all sorts of other collaborative systems coming up across the internet. So yes, we worked on a Google integration and a Microsoft Office integration at the beginning of this year, which came out into 3.3. The same integration will also work for NextCloud, which is an open source file repository and collaborative editing suite. We have all those sorts of software. We're gonna integrate the same way. So people have options, they have choices. As well as that, there's the world of content and we really want the world of content to be very available in Moodle, to be connected with Moodle, so that it's much easier to use that stuff in an education context, et cetera, et cetera. There's integrations all over the place and that includes things like standards, supporting standards. So now we have a little bit more resources. We're gonna be a bit more active with, say, IMS Global and get more involved with the standard process there and also other standards bodies in Europe and other parts of the world as well. I wanna fight for a seamless consistency across all devices because if I imagine, like me, you have found that you are switching devices a lot. You know, we're all pretty wealthy. We'll have multiple devices. We're not all, we're not on one. We've got phones, we've got tablets, we've got laptops, we've got desktops and you move between them, right? And ideally, everyone had all those devices, what maybe one day they will. But we should make it so that it doesn't really matter what device you're on.  One example, this kind of seamless operation between devices I think is a good thing to aim for and it's not super hard to be honest, we just need to focus on it. And lastly, we really wanna make Moodle an active participant in learning and I've been talking about the idea of computer aided teaching and computer aided learning for years and years. This relies on AI technologies, it relies on all of that analytics. But the good thing is we're not alone, we're not developing this from scratch. There are so many open projects out there that we can take advantage of and build in with Moodle, use the data we have. We have our analytics project in SPI which is now in Moodle and it's just the analytics framework. We have, fortunately in our industry, all the users of Moodle, a lot of the Moodles of users, a lot of the users of Moodle, Moodles of Moodles are academics, researchers, so much amazing research going on in this field of analytics and AI. So we really wanna help with our analytics framework, get them working with us to build better and better systems. And I'm really, like I'm quite anti the idea of building systems that replace teachers, obviously, got on my t-shirt. But if you're gonna manage a class of 500 or 1,000 students or 30 students with quality, you need a bit of assistant, you need literally an assistant. Someone who tells you what's going on, gives you hints, check this out, check that out. Going a bit further, we want Moodle to talk to us. And we already have a prototype where you can talk to Moodle Cloud and say, hey, Moodle Cloud, how many students are on my site and it will talk back to you through Alexa. And we've got all those APIs we're working on and that stuff's all around, we just need to connect it up. So those are kind of the four big foci we have. The system of Moodle, and you can't read that, it's like a central core with some plugins and integrations around it. That basic structure of Moodle is not gonna change for a long time because it doesn't need to. The basic structure of, if you're gonna call anything a course, it's going to be a sequence of activities. That's probably in 500 years, it will still be a sequence of activities. I assume we can rewrite Moodle in 500 years, but it doesn't need to change in a hurry. And so you access that system through different interfaces. So you've got your desktops and your mobile and tablets. More and more, it's gonna be augmented reality in VR and voice interfaces. And we can do that. We can build interfaces to the existing systems and have those cool new funky ways of operating with technology without having to throw away 15 years of thought that have gone into building Moodle and all of the plugins and ecosystem that are on top of it. So that's kind of how, that's what we're thinking about.  I wanna see a show of hands here. So many more here than when I was going through Moots in South America recently. So it looked like about 25% of you. The rest of you highly recommend you try and do that soon, right? Get hold of like an HTC Vive or an Oculus Rift with controllers. And the reason I'm saying controllers is because it is five times better to have your hands in the environment. If you're just looking around in effectively a movie, a 360 movie, that's nothing. I don't worry about that. I'm talking about having your hands in there. Because when you can actually manipulate that world, you really start to see how truly game-changing it is. The problem is it's super bulky right now. We've got these big helmets and cables and all that stuff. But it doesn't take a genius to see that it's gonna get down to the size of that in not very long. And you'll be operating off your mobile, which I've mislaid somewhere, if you find it, let me know. And the glasses can combine the digital world with the real world. I can conjure up. Instead of me using that archaic projector over there and putting a picture on the wall, if I could put that picture in space here, and maybe it was three-dimensional, and maybe I could walk over and grab some bits and pull it around and do things with it and maybe throw something over to you and we've got the digital world here among us, it gets very, very interesting. Oh, great, I've got sound here too. It's gonna be very, very interesting. And if you play with that technology now, it's around, it's just not evenly distributed yet. Now, I don't see Moodle in that space very much. I don't think you're gonna be pushing blocks around as a teacher to change your activities, right? It's not very useful. Much quicker to use different, we'll probably talk to it, it would be faster. But many developers are building simulations and experiences in those sorts of environments and they'll be educational and there will be assessment in those environments. And that assessment needs to go somewhere, right? It needs to go into, I'm told to stand on this side, sorry you guys. That stuff needs to go into an LMS.  So you do it in Moodle, assign that to the 50 students and then they, in their own time, come along and they go click, run the simulation, put their glasses on and they're doing it, right? Maybe they're, I don't know, sailing a boat or hacking something or saving a nuclear power plant or whatever it is. And then the assessment, the results of that system and including a recording of that system, hopefully, of the experience, flow back into Moodle. And now as a teacher, you see, oh yeah, 45 out of the 50 students have done that now. Let me see how Mary did. That's you. So they click and the teacher can now see in their glasses, they can watch Mary doing that simulation. They go, oh yeah, give us some feedback, some comments, maybe the grades automatically going into the grade book. So you can kind of see how that would very easily fit together, how Moodle plays a part in that environment. Very exciting. It is coming, it's coming slowly, but it's coming. Right now though, we've got things to focus on. In 3.4, we focused on usability. It's not many new features. The main headlines, is there a session about it later? Maybe? Not really.  So that was specified by the Moodle Users Association and delivered in 3.4. We combined the participants and enrollment pages, the interface of that which was always one of the most horrible parts of Moodle that I always hated personally. It could be better, I think even so, but it's a really solid step forward in usability there. We've got, the analytics engine is now in core as well. And it does things now out of the box, but it's gonna grow. It's in core so that people can really start to use it and start to help us build it out with plugins, extensions, ideas, and we really wanna have a community of people building the analytics up. Moodle 3.5 onwards, we're still focusing on the usability and the integrations, but one big, big project that's happening is to work on privacy regulations. Now, there are always privacy regulations around. They weren't always so stringent as they are becoming. Stringent as they are becoming. And this is driven largely by the EU and a big thing called the General Data Protection Regulations, GDPR, which from May next year, everyone needs to comply to. So if it's anybody here have students that might live in the EU, anybody? Okay, you are affected. All of your systems need to be GDPR compliant. If you have a server there, if you have a company there, obviously, but even if you have people who are there or if any of your data goes into Europe, it has to comply with this thing. And if it doesn't, the fines can be like 4% of your total revenue, quite big. And we have a responsibility with Moodle to make sure that Moodle Core supports those things and in a lot of ways it does, but there are a bunch of things we still need to work on that we're gonna work on and as much as possible, we're gonna backport it to three, four, maybe three, three, we're analyzing all that now. And there'll be information about that soon. But that's a very big, that's like our number one priority actually right now to make sure that we're compliant with that. It helps everybody. It means that all of our systems will be better at privacy. You'll be able to withdraw data from the system a lot easier, control access to data in the system, et cetera. Our mobile app is really coming along and it's quite a milestone that in 3.4 next week, the mobile app has achieved 100% coverage of all the major features in Moodle for students, the core Moodle features. And that was something we had to do first, obviously. From now on, we're focusing on the third-party modules and how plugins and extensions will work with the core mobile app. And that's our focus now. There's also a project to work on the the new app coming with 3.5, it uses a new framework, which is gonna really help our development. It's gonna look a lot nicer and work a lot nicer too. So we're using Ionic 3. Now, you can change the interface of the mobile app. You can put a CSS file in your Moodle site and when someone connects to the, this has been around for a couple of years, when you connect with a standard Moodle mobile app to your site, you can change some of the CSS of the interface. But we also offer a service where we will brand the app for you. So I'm just gonna pick on UCLA because I see you there, Nick. This is an example, completely random. So say UCLA wanted to have a UCLA app for students so that they could click on it and download it from Google stores and iOS Apple stores. UCLA is listed there, they download it, it's got the UCLA logo on it, they click on it, it comes up with logging the username and password, doesn't ask them for the site. And the students get in and they're in the Moodle app. It's the same Moodle app inside, but branded. So we offer that service and it's about 5,000 Australian a year which is a lot of Colombian pesos but only like three and a half thousand US dollars a year. Peanuts, peanuts, and we will update that every two months. We will make sure all the certification and certificates in the stores is all taken care of and in certain circumstances we can even customize it and add functionality to it. So if you're interested in that, come to Moodle.com and we'll get you started. The Moodle, we have a Moodle desktop app as well. If you go to the Moodle download site, you'll see we also have a desktop app which runs on Macs, Windows, and Linux. I nearly said Winix. And that's a full screen, that's good for laptops. It has the same features as the mobile app and it works offline.  And that works really well. So that can also be branded to. And I did mention Inspire, which is our analytics project. We are still collecting data. If you want to participate, one way you can do it is by talking to Elizabeth here. This is Elizabeth. And she'll get you started or otherwise go to research.moodle.net and we'll give you a plugin that you can put in a copy of your site and it will anonymize all the data and you can give us a copy of your database. And the purpose of that is then we have real, actual, messy, year on year data of students doing stuff and teachers doing stuff with all the logs and everything which we can use to train the analytics brain, the heart of the system. And also we run a lot of tests. We use it for testing. So we test hypotheses on real sites and that really helps us understand and learn in the development process. One more thing here connected with Moodle is that a lot of people are researching around Moodle and they have grants to do work around Moodle and they're not coordinated. And we're starting a Moodle foundation. It's going to be based in Europe, in Brussels, near where all the money is and focused on connecting up grants and funding that's floating around. Like Europe puts out billions of euros a year into innovation projects and research projects. We want to be involved in that. So if anybody is using Moodle or as part of their online education research that some of it goes into core, let's use that energy to put it into core. I go to these, I've been going to a few conferences lately like engineering conferences and engineering education conferences. So we have a lot of professors and their students talking about research they're doing into online learning to teach vast numbers of software engineers or something.  That work never went anywhere. It's so frustrating to me. And I was at a conference and like 70% of the papers had Moodle in them. And I hadn't heard of any of them. We hadn't heard of any of them. So that's what this is gonna do. The foundation is gonna be coordinating that stuff and be more involved in the research around Moodle and helping the community have input into the project. All right, five things. That was a big one. Now these four are a lot quicker. How much time have I got left? Can anyone give me a time call? 10.15, I think. Okay, I have negative three minutes. No, no, it's okay. I'll be another 10. Yeah, just try and stop me. There's four more things I wanna talk about. So we have Moodle Cloud. It's been running for a couple of years. We currently have 25,000 Moodle sites on there. And the team are now gearing up to upgrade them all to Moodle 3.4 in like, you know, it takes a few hours. Just boom. It's a great, it's really working very well. I almost did a Donald Trump there. It's a great system. It's a, the purpose of it is to be a cheap, effective Moodle for anyone.  Just, you don't have to download the package and install all the MySQL databases and stuff. You can just go click and get one. We're gonna have more packages in there as we're building that out for more sectors and specific needs. And that's got a Moodle with plug-ins or different customizations, et cetera. We're gonna have more integrations. Some of the integrations can only be done with other SAS software as a service platforms. We'll be doing more of those there. And eventually we're working towards having support for MOOCs, i.e. course hosting. So if you just want to host a Moodle course away from your precious IT systems and not invite a million randoms into your systems, but just host one of your courses outside, you can do it here. This is a place for that. So it's an alternative to using edX, Coursera, FutureLearn, all those other MOOC platforms. It'll be a Moodle one where you can host your course. That's not gonna happen in the next few months. We had a prototype of this, but we're rethinking how we're gonna do that now. And it's gonna be part of Moodle Cloud. So Moodle Clouds range from $0 up to a thousand Australian, which again is around like 750 US or something a year. So it's cheap, small, low-end stuff. You're not gonna be running a university on there. How does it stop people trying? Some people get like 20 Moodle Cloud sites and link them together and it's like, ah, guys, jeez. Anyway, number three, learn Moodle. I'm not gonna go into this very much because there's a big session tomorrow. Tom, the word man this morning is leading the education team and most of the education team are actually here because they're mostly based in North America and so you have an opportunity here to really get involved in this project. This is a complete curriculum to teach online. I was talking about teachers don't have the support. People don't know how to teach online. Well, we're building that curriculum and it'll be like a standard international multi-lingual curriculum that you can do face to face or online and the team are doing an amazing job on that so far and I'm really impressed how it's going and where it's going.  We're looking to get it aligned with accreditation and so on and if possible included in other curriculums, even university curriculums so looking at all of that. I just wanna point out one thing that really makes this different from anything you might have seen before. So you might remember we had the old MCCC, the Moodle course creative certificate from years back. Now that certificate mostly focused on the functionality of Moodle. This is what forums do, this is what quizzes do. Now that stuff is in here too but there's also much more pedagogy about how you use it and there's a framework here that really goes into why you're teaching and the mode like what are you thinking about? What are you trying to achieve with this course? You're not generally trying to just dump information in someone's head, there's more to it than that. So I'll leave the rest to the rest of the presentations happening, just a foreshadowing, an educational foreshadowing. Number four, Moodle services. So that includes partners. We have a lot of services here. We talked yesterday, maybe you weren't here and we have a lot of our partners right over here so please go and talk with them. Integration partners and Moodle partners and there'll be other types of partners potentially in the future. Our job is, we want to connect Moodle users with services when they need it. So if you need help or you need an extra something, we want to find the most efficient way to connect you with that. That's kind of, we see that as our job and some of it will be built into Moodle itself and some of it will be built into the other initiatives that I've just talked about. The last thing is that there are some very large commercial projects out there, bigger than any one partner and we see our role as being the organizer of those, the facilitator, so that Moodle comes in and does the work to decide who should work together on this particular large projects and there's some very large projects in the world, educational projects that we are getting involved with. The last one, the fifth big major project is MoodleNet and this is the most exciting in a way because it's a completely, well for me as a product maker, this is a whole new product that doesn't exist. In fact, it doesn't exist in the world and it's a new social media platform for educators and Doug Belchor who's sitting here is leading this project, just joined us and has a session this afternoon where we want you to help envision that project and I think it's gonna be really interesting so I hope you're all there this afternoon for that. In short, it's a social media platform that is on all your devices but it's also connected with your Moodle site and it forms the connection between the you, the educator, your site, services and content. So you can kind of see it actually at the middle of the new view of Moodle. Got MoodleNet in the middle there, have I got a pointer here? Ooh, no I haven't, yes I have, I can't really see it. Got MoodleNet in the middle, connected to self-hosted Moodles such as probably most of yours and MoodleCloud Moodles and Partner Moodles of course, I got them under self-hosted here. You access them by the Moodle mobile app as well. MoodleNet's connected to data and open education projects. It has its own app, I'm not sure why my thing cut out there, it has its own app. I wanna see that MoodleNet logo right next to your Facebook logo. Probably the one you hit first. Let's make it, just push it over to the left. And it connects you to Learn Moodle, it connects you to Moodle Moods. So if you wanna, you say, oh there's a great Moodle Moodle happening in Miami, I wanna register for it, you just register. I think, not another system, it's just like going to that, click. Yeah, there's a slide here that shows some of the thinking inside it because we're short on time, I'm gonna skip it, but come this afternoon we're gonna cover it there. There's one more thing here. We are expanding where Moodle is. So that map shows where the employees of Moodle HQ are currently, a lot of us are in Perth, we have some in Barcelona, but we are expanding a lot, we're hiring a lot in Barcelona right now. And you'd be going, hey, what about all that news recently? Don't worry about that. But yeah, we're really going more into Europe because I don't know if you've noticed but Australia's very far away. It is literally on the exact opposite side of the planet from where we are now. The, what's the word for the opposite? That's for the P. The what? Okay, the, oh, the antipathy. The antipathy of us, in this Perth, is in Bermuda Triangle just off the coast here. So we often have battleships popping up off the sea of Perth and we often wonder what's going on. So yeah, it's the time zones are difficult, the business, we're far away from everything, we're building up in Europe and I'm personally going to be moving to Europe. So I'll be a lot closer to the US as well. So we'll have a lot more things happening up around here. So we're going to be busy. And I want to just very quickly in my remaining negative two minutes tell you how you can join us in all of what's going on. Get a branded Moodle mobile app. It's a no brainer. Just get one and never use it if you like, we don't care. Come on, three and a half grand, it's nothing. So come to Moodle.com, get that.  Jesus, come on, join the Moodle User Association. Emma's right here. The chair slash president slash emperor of the Moodle User Association. We'd love to have you all be members of it. Again, you don't have to use it, just pay and go about your business. No, no, seriously, come in there and help because you can actually have a real direct influence. Like I mentioned the calendar project, that's the MUA decided on it. They planned it in detail, and they managed to, they paid us for it. We did it. Like it's a priority for us to serve the MUA. 75 bucks US, it's a no brainer. Starts at 75 bucks goes up to 77 and a half thousand. We prefer the big gold member, you know, don't mess around. Now all the alpha nerds are using Moodle for research. We know that. Our prime alpha nerd right here, Elizabeth Dalton, use the data in Moodle for research, get involved in, you know, if you've got grants and things, let us know. You can, when you're, anybody here a researcher, or am I talking to the wind couple of you? So look, think about this. You can do, if you wanna test something, you can build a tool to study that at your university or your situation, but you can also distribute that tool. You can collect data from the world. Imagine how amazing your paper slash thesis will be. Do you need a quick small Moodle site? Come to Moodle Cloud. That's why we built it. Do you need services around Moodle? Please use Moodle partners for those. 10% of what they, what you pay them comes to us and pays the developers. It's about sustainability of the project. If you think you've got great ideas about anything I've said, I really should change this word. Collar is a bit of Australianism. We can grab someone by the collar, you know? There's a bunch of us here. I think there's 11 of us from Moodle HQ here. We've got, we've got special badges. We have orange badges. So stand up actually, just wave at everybody who's here, we've got some people here and around.  That's what we're here for, to listen. You've got lots of money in some grant project. Just let us know. Or maybe you want to like jump ship from wherever you are and come and join us. We are hiring in all sorts of areas right now. So maybe not immediately, maybe it's next year or something, but you know, get, start talking with us. Maybe there's some interesting opportunity here. You want to get involved in our project. We're very keen to talk with you. That's what we're after, I think. Does anybody disagree with that? It's hard to disagree with it, I think. Can't say, we would like everyone to be narrow, small-minded people who don't care about where they live. Doesn't really make sense. So that's me. Thank you very much. Come on, one more, very small thing. On the program, we did have a hack fest planned yesterday slash, I don't know, maybe it wasn't the right word for it, but we didn't think maybe there was enough developers to really have a full-on thing. But if any of you, I want to see some hands up. Do you know what PHP is?  Okay, keep your hand up if you know what Docker is. Okay, keep your hand up if you know what weblib.php is. Okay, keep your hand up if you are in a telegram chat called Moodle Dev Chat. Okay, there is a telegram chat called Moodle Dev Chat. You should be in there as well, all of you. But there was about 10 people. If you are interested in having a bit of an unconference to get nerdy about Moodle development, we're gonna make a time at 1.30 tomorrow. There's another small room we have booked just around the corner. So if you wanna, an unconference is where we kind of will make up the itinerary on the spot and you can present to each other, show each other what you're working on, and it should be interesting. But I don't want everyone going to that. It's really meant to be developer focused. There is a very good learn Moodle session happening here at the same time. That's me, thank you, okay. Over to you, Tom. Good. Thank you.


This video demonstrates deploying OpenShift 4 to VMware vSphere 7 with the user-provisioned infrastructure method. To begin installing, we will first verify that the correct version of OpenShift install is on the host. We also check that the install config.yaml exists and has the information relevant to the vSphere environment we are using. Next, generate the ignition files which will be used by the virtual machines to configure and join the cluster using the createignitionconfig's parameters to OpenShift install. The bootstrap's ignition file needs to be hosted on a web server which is accessible by the virtual machine. The scp command copies it to an available server in this environment. The reason for this is that with VMware deployments, the bootstrap ignition is too large to attach as a vApp property. To direct the virtual machine to the correct ignition file at boot, we must create an additional ignition file, shown here as append-bootstrap.ign, which simply points the bootstrap to the HTTP server for its full file. Since ignition files are entered into the vApp property as base64 encoded strings, the next step is to encode each of the files to be used in the deployment step. Before moving on, copy the base64 string representing the bootstrap node's appended ignition file. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS OVA was previously imported and converted to a template in our vCenter web client. We need to create a clone of this template for our bootstrap virtual machine. Walkthrough the deployment process is with any other virtual machine, however modify the hardware to adhere to the documentation. This requires 4 CPUs, 16GB of RAM, and a 120GB disk. These values should also be used for the control plane nodes and worker nodes should be sized according to your workload. After adjusting the hardware, paste in the previously copied base64 string for the bootstrap's ignition data. After completing the wizard and waiting for the virtual machine to be created, power it on to begin the bootstrap process. Repeat the process for each of the control plane and worker nodes. After creating and powering on the virtual machines, return to the command line and use the OpenShift install wait for bootstrap complete command to determine when the bootstrap process is finished. Once bootstrap has completed, return to the vSphere console where we see that all of our virtual machines have been created. Power off and optionally delete the bootstrap virtual machine at this stage. From the CLI, use the command to wait for the install process to complete. This process will take a few minutes so we will skip ahead. After a few minutes, OpenShift install will print the URL for the console and the password for user kubeadmin. Use this information to log into the cluster from your browser. At the dashboard we see that a few services are finishing updating and deploying. Moving to the node view, we see all of the virtual machines created in vCenter are connected and ready, indicating that the deployment was successful. Thank you for watching this demonstration of OpenShift 4 deployed to VMware vSphere 7.