Gwyl angen iawn, mae gennym i allan i ni'n gweithio. Felly mae gennym i chi i gynnwys arall, mae gennym i chi i chi i gynnwys ar gyfer y llunau am y gweithio, mae gennym i chi'i gweithio, wrth gwrs, y newydd Robert Harris, y nodl, y ddechrau, mae'n mynd i'r llunau'r llunau. Mae'r llunau'r llunau'r llunau pa'r hynny. Mae gennym i chi, mae'r llunau'r llunau'r llunau. Mae'r llunau'r llunau'r llunau yn y gweithio, ..on mynd i wych yn cyflwyno cymaint. Mae ydych chi'n llyfrgyngau ffordd yn gyfwysig... ..y cym machwyr o'r cyffredig sydd wedi hynny... ..y hoffa'r cyfrwng cymaint. Mae'r llyfrgyngau i'r cywysig yn cymwyno cymaint. Mae'r llyfrgyngau i'r cyfrwng cymwyno cymwysig... ..y hoffa'r llyfrgyngau i chi ymwysig. Mae'r llyfrgyngau i chi i gael i'n wasbydd. Yn clygu'n ddod i fod ychydig. Ond y bach yn ymweliad gagwyddeni gwaith yn y bwysig ymweliad, ond hefyd Haynray yn ddefnyddio'r gynhyrch. Roedd ymddir ein gwell pan o Haynray's saffaars, o dda i fwy ffwrdd ar оed yn gyfrifio'r tynnebolau trath研au a oed yn EU. Yn 1930-1944 yn chassis ymweliad. Yn amlwg debyd ar hynny wedi'i gwirio amddangos i hefyd, ac nid dweud y bynnag y ffawr achos iddynt yn rwyth â'r ofa ar ychwr. a we'll talk about some of that later on. Henry, of course, has been defined recently much more by his marriages and rather trite television dramas than by whom he truly was. I think it's time to reassess England's most famous monarch as a man merely rather than being a mere showbiz character which he has become. Happily, his embryo civil service, has left us thousands of documents that reveal the minutiae of his life and much more can be found elsewhere in, for example, the archives of the Vatican and the city-state of Venice. If one is brave enough to stray far from the well-beaten path of his six marriages, we can construct a fuller, much more rounded picture of this autocratic king. New research has uncovered much more about his physical and mental condition in his last years and just how ruthless he became in eliminating his enemies. On the 9th of May, 1514, the chapter of the most noble order of the garter, meeting for their annual feast in Windsor, confronted a disagreeable item on their agenda. Three of the 24 night companions had been executed for high treason. Should their names besmirch the register of members or should they be scratched out as they deserve? Some maintain that the beautifully illustrated book would be named ugly by these erasers, so the chapter sought the phlamic wisdom of Henry VIII who had given them the volume six weeks, six years, I'm sorry, before. The register should remain untouched, he decreed. Say for the derisif Latin phrase va proditor, fae on you traitor being inserted above the malefactor's name. Entrys for Thomas Cromwell, elected at garter 1915-37, but executed for treason in July 1540, were among the first to phase, and there is Cromwell's name with the prototype written on the top. His name appears several times in the register, and it's quite interesting, one of those erasions, a prototype which stroked out obviously by a supporter of Cromwell. So the Tudors were always a threatened dynasty because of their tenuous and legally fragile claim to the throne of England. This was based on the dissent of Henry's formidable grandmother, maybe but Margaret Beaufort, from John of Gaunt, the fourth son of Edward III. And this rampant insecurity was the chief motivator behind the king's determination to neutralise any opposition of any kind to his rule. And it was shared and suffered by future Tudor monarchs. In Henry's case, there were also psychological factors driving the autocratic rule. His self-obsessive behaviour comfortably fits into the classic profile of an individual suffering from grandiose and narcissistic behaviour disorder, characterised by exaggerating feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a chronic lack of empathy towards others. When boxed into a corner, he would lash out violently. Ladies and gentlemen, you might well recognise that some of today's readers may well suffer from this disorder. In Henry's case, the short conviction that he ruled with divine approval intensified the symptoms immeasurably. When God's deputy on earth was on his knees praying, he always knew that God listened. In later years, I believe he was also afflicted by Cushing syndrome, a rare endocrine abnormality caused by excessive levels of the hormone cortisol, probably caused by the traumatic head injury suffered whilst jousting in 1536. Henry became paranoid, if not psychotic, deeply suspicious of all those around him, even those he loved. Henry regarded treason as the most heinious of crimes, and a raft of new penal measures was introduced that punished those who challenged the King's ecclesiastical supremacy after the Great Blue Row, always entitlement to the crown. Up to his reign, treason was defined by an act of 1351 that described the crimes plotting them on its death, waging war upon him, or aiding and abetting his enemies. In passing, I should mention that the statute still remains on the statute book, much amended, and recently there's been quite a lot debate about his application to returning jihadists. The last time it was deployed was during the trial of William Joyce, the Lord Horhor, in 1945. After Henry's new legislation, the law now judged miscreants to be traitors, simply if they didn't follow his pet addictions in religious institutions and beliefs, refused to support his latest choice of wife, or the changing status of his offspring. From 1532 to the King's death in early 1547, there were 970 treason trials in England and Wales, resulting in 336 executions when they condemned face the horrible traitors' death of being hanged, drawn and courted. 216 of these were executed after the northern rebellions of 1536-37 and a further 15 for their involvement in the Yorkshire conspiracy of 1541. The Tudors invented propaganda, in its modern sense, and we would recognise as propaganda. They utilised the power of the printing press. They used drama, spectacle and pageantry to manipulate Henry's subjects' minds. Now they would create laws which ruled not only what people thought of what people said. Defaming the monarch by a written or spoken word became a capital offence, such as branding him a heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel or usurper. 64 executed if another 10 died in prison in 1532-40 for uttering felonious words. These included disparaging comments on the King's love life, that his ability to procreate criticism of his ministers or policies or spreading rumour about popular dissatisfaction or unrest. So if we lived today under the mailed ffest of Henry's laws, I would be guilty of high treason for flagrantly writing the rather unflattering statements about the oldest part of my new book. If you read those perilous words aloud or lent my book to a friend, so would you. You would be liable for that one-way trip to the scaffold. Luckily for everyone today, here today and indeed my book sales, and the expurentive measures were repealed in 1547. One class of traitor escaped Henry's vengeance but never his wrath. Those renegades who defected to the papal cause and escaped to Europe. The King always demoulded their immediate extradition and when these moves failed, as mostly they did, I was happy to order these fugitives abduction for murder. Chief amongst them was carpal regional Paul, whom Henry castigated as England's arch traitor. Paul fought tooth and nail to defend Holy Mother Church and became a magnet to the disaffected. He had told Henry your butchers and butcheries and horrible executions have made England the slaughterhouse of innocence. As the King massacred his kith and kin in 1539 and 1541, he wanted to sympathise. When Paul was dispatched to France in 1537 to seek support for the pilgrimage of grace rebellion, Henry demanded his arrest and repatriation. But Francis I of France, you can see why his subjects call him old long nose. Francis I in France found himself in a difficult position between the proverbial rock and hard place and one hand he's got a monarch demanding that he fulfills his treaty obligations on the other hand he has the pope bearing down on him telling telling him not to touch a hair of Paul's head. So Francis merely banished the Cardinal to the Spanish low countries. Henry was incensed and sought to secretly appoint some fellows to kidnap the Cardinal adding we would be very glad to have Paul trust up and conveyed to Calais which was then the last English stronghold on the European mainland. His chief minister Thomas Cromwell also launched a covert operation sending Sir Thomas Parma and four accomplices into Flanders to assassinate him with handguns. But Paul escaped Henry's vengeance despite the reward of 100,000 crowns upon his head alive or dead. Now in today's money that's just over 15 million pounds and as a point of comparison you'll see even the CIA only have a price price money of 7.7 million for leaving jihadists being captured being recaptured with guilt. About 130 lesser clergy or laymen with allegiance to the religion of their forefathers fled England between 1534 and 1546 and Henry's feverish attempt to lay hands on them is a sorry tale of frustration diplomatic fiasco but sometimes farcical mishap. Aside from Paul there was one traitor that fed Henry's neuroses more than any other the so-called Blanche Rose who was hiding in France and his non-declun Blanche Rose is the clue for the Henry's illogies as it suggested that he claimed to be a long lost member of the House of York. The White Rose threat to the Tudor crown believed finally neutralized when the king destroyed Paul's extended family. But in reality this man of mystery was one of Henry's subjects called Dick Housia the son of a cobbler or tailor who had spent eight years in a stinking Parisian prison after his release the king sought his arrest and repatriation but the French procrastinated claiming that he was born in Orléans even though you could barely string together a few words of their own tongue. Their fare rungled on for some years with Henry's ever more irasable demands for the return of this detestable traitor and murder meeting with the blank wall of French obduracy. A final demand for his expedition was included in the ultimatum delivered as a planute to war with France in June 1543. So diplomacy has failed Henry to his fury as brother monarchs refused to fulfil their cheap treating obligations and to hand over those traitors and rebels who had escaped his retribution excuse me and we're now busy plotting against him on the continent of Europe it was time for more direct action. Henry's frequent forays into the clandestine world of kidnapping blackmail and assassination have not perceived the attention they deserve. For example he apparently planned to kidnap his nephew James of Fizz of Scotland to compel him to acknowledge English suzerinty over Scotland. He also tried to abduct Cardinal Mark Grimani, the papal negate of Scotland, who's ship narrowly escaped anwish on the high seas and who later evaded another kidnap attempt by fleeing Glasgow in dawn in disguise. In May 1546 another of the King's bednoirs Cardinal David Buter, the self-appointed Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was assassinated in his castle in St Andrews. Henry had agreed to fund the murder provided that he was not implicated publicly as his involvement in the conspiracy stressed with sublime hypocrisy was not meet for a king. In a dawn, the 29th of May, 17 assassins broke into the castle's gatehouse. They killed the porter and held his body down into the ditch. The noise brought Beaton out, Beaton out of his chamber and he was promptly hacked to death. His mutilated corpse was thrown out of a window and left hanging in midair tied hand and foot by a pair of sheets as an object lesson to others who might consider messing with Henry Tudor. A string of further assassination attempts was also mounted against Pol when all proved unsuccessful. A compelling solution appeared in 1544 while the English were sieging the French port and the stronghold of Benoit. A dashing Italian mercenary colonel appeared one day in their trenches and had the temerity the scoff just how badly the siege was being conducted. He made no effort to hide his contempt at the amateurish efforts of the English troops. Kneed deep in foul mud and water with French cannonballs whistling about their ears, the English found him a thoroughly irksome visitor, particularly his well-dressed, clean, handsome and worse still a notable foreigner. The William Padgett, Secretary of State, told John Lord Russell, his Italian, which was called Ludovico di Llami, was a subject to the Bishop of Rome who had previously served the French government. He was a nephew of the gouty Cardinal Lorenzio Cappegio, who with Woolsey had resided over the Aborted Tribunal at Blackfriars on Henry's Divorce from Catherine of Aragon back in 1529 and he certainly wasn't Henry's favourite Cardinal. Russell thoroughly mistrusted Italian mercenaries declaring neither he nor any other Italian should have tarried there in the trenches and seen our doings for I know well their natures and treasons. Despite that black mark put up by my uncle, Henry recruited to Llami ostensibly to hire mercenaries illegally in Venice, but in reality to murder pole. He was the king's gangster, the perfect criminal type, vain, violent, plausible. He was brash, swaggering, bursting with Italian charm and brio and utterly, utterly ruthless. In January 1545 Llami arrived in Venice on a generous monthly salary of 50 grams or about 6,000 pounds a month in today's money. That year the three Venetian magistrates commissioned four religious paintings to decorate their headquarters in this palazio just up from the Rialto Bridge. One was the slaughter of the innocents depicting the new testament story of the massacre of the infants by Herod soldiers. The arch-nake picture now in the academia in Venice shows a tall bearded figure non-shortly watching the murder and mayhem going on around him. Next to him stands a retainer holding a shield with a coat of arms. This heraldry belongs to the Llami family and his eloquent dress resembles that worn by the assassin later when he was arrested. This must be Henry's gangster. If so, this painting must be considered the most expensive wanted poster in the history of criminology. In Rome, Cardinal Nicolae Nicolae Ardingheli, the newly appointed prefect of the apostolic Siccantora and heavily involved in the Holy See's secret services, feared the Llami's presence in Italy. He probably climbed and paid for the unsuccessful attempt to assassinate him in Italy that much staged by a mercenary captain called Sincondo backed by a team of 12 desperados. On the 5th of May, Ardingheli summoned Francesco Venier, the Venetian ambassador to the Vatican, for a confidential chat over a glass or two of good Italian vino. He revealed that Henry kept a number of persons in its pay in diverse places for some purpose which must be considered sinister, his character being such as it is. One of them was the Llami whom the Vatican demanded should be expelled immediately from Venice lest it appears that he enjoys the Dome Jane's favor. The Venetian ambassador was worried about the implication of this. He feared that Henry would retaliate against the quite large community of Venetian merchants in London and knowing his repatiousness could happily confiscate their valuable investments in England. Queryrously, he suggested, might it not be more prudent to proceed somewhat moderately with Henry? A cart more rustly swept aside such caution, his holiness does not require the scenery to do as he would do if he could hold a Dlami who is his rebel and has committed so many crimes. Instead, the pope merely required his expulsion lest through the scenery's protection he may find an opportunity for perpetuating some enormous outrage. The Venetian knew very well what Ardingheli was talking about. He had heard whispers in the Vatican corridors that the Dlami was plotting some mischief and it has some treacherous design against Cardinal Paul attending the church council at Trento. Three days later, the ambassador found himself leaning before 77-year-old Pope Paul III who was anxious to learn of what firm action was planned by the city-state against Henry's assassin. He disclosed that Dlami and his accomplices were planning a terrible crime and the latest intelligence indicated they were only awaiting Henry's commission to be delivered by a gentleman of his privy chamber who was expected in Venice during the next 12 days. We see this villain close at hand, said the pope. He is our rebel and on many counts would deserve a thousand deaths. We perceive that the King of England who is a heretic has no other enmity in Italy other than ours and in several quarters he's plotting I know not what mischief. Should any disturbance arise it would be unfitting for it to have originated in Venice. Paul added the council is sitting in Trento. We do not know what direction Henry's thoughts may take. There is a particular case of Cardinal Paul whom these refruffians may have been ordered to kidnap or take some other sinister action against. The new doger just appointed Francesco Donato and the city's council of ten were then honoured by a visit by the papal noncio who reinforced the pope's demands with some warmth. They responded by summoning the army or questioning in the Dupal prison but the bird had flown. He had departed Venice reportedly on the King's business and the scenery were allowed to discover that he'd gone to Trento. Whatever his mission was it went unfulfilled. Paul remained alive and well and went on and married the first rain to become the last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury. By August 1545 the army was back in Venice and had his own personal scores to settle. He was involved in a running battle with the permission might watch in which one guard was badly wounded and the penalty for this trial was death. Heaven's half of the English ambassador explained it was all a dreadful mistake as the army had mistaken the watch for a gang of his enemies. Venetians meekly but meekly believed this lived by explanation and were prepared to overlook the matter to please Henry, whom they held in great reverence. They also valued their alliance with England. However it was then revealed that the army had hired assassins to murder an army officer in Treviso. They had stabbed and slashed at him two or three times with swords which he survived before they crambered back over the city walls to escape. While assailant was captured later rather stupidly hiding in the army's house in Venice the assassin was now a wanted man with a price of £100 on his head. Presently he called at Harville's official residence and explained that the attempted murder was only an act of hot-blooded vengeance for the victim's theft of a mercenary fee. Harville couldn't reassure him on his safety so he roamed post haste to England via Brussels and on to Henry's court where he spent a few months carefully building the persona of a faithful servant wrongfully accused. So William Padger, the Secretary of State, now thoroughly approved of him writing admirably of his vengeful wit and that he was naturally disposed to work mysterious. He added chillingly such a man at such a time is to be cherished. Henry, who was now nearing his end, required that the Venetians grant his agents a five-year safe conduct but this was rejected by the Council of Ten for the peace of Venice. Five days later they reversed their decision for His Majesty's gratification and by reason of our ancient friendship with him. In November 1546 the Italian merchant banker, Matthew Bernardo, was killed brutally in a pine forest near Ravenna. He had been stabbed 18 times. A letter was found in his blood-stained doublet that had been given by an army to the Cuthreds. His intimate comrades. A warrant for the bankers arrested had only been issued by the Venetian authorities after allegations that he'd divulged state secrets and had been involved in treacherous and treasonous negotiations with the France. So the motive for this killing, this murder, remains unclear. Was Delamine involved in his own secret treacherous dealings with the French? Did he fear that Bernardo knew too much about his own conspiracies? So did he have to silence him before he could plan? Delamine wrote to Henry after hearing that his master was so ill that the doctors had no hope of his living and his sorrow was turned to joy by a subsequent report that the rumour was quite false and he subsequently thanked the king for his continued munificence. This letter was probably triggered by Harville's growing suspicions about his sinister activities. Three weeks before the ambassador dispatched a messenger to London to deliver by word of mouth warnings about Delamine's proceedings which the king should know. He begged Padgett to keep Sassling's secret for all I have written of him has been disclosed to him and he has moved against me. The assassin wrote on, wrote again to Padgett on 11 December from Venice including a casual reference to his latest escapade. If perchance you hear anything of the death of Matthew Bernardo, which seems to touch my honour either privately or as the king's servant, tell them who malign me that I've always proved myself studious of my master's honour and my own. Five days later the Venetians established beyond reasonable doubt that Delamine had ordered the bankers' murder. Again fear of Henry's displeasure stayed their hand in wreaking justice upon a felon now regarded as being as odious to the state as words can express. If the king opposed his execution for this fresh outrage you should immediately recall it from Venice so that all cause of scandal and disturbance may be removed. In London Padgett told the Venetian ambassador that Delamine was no longer in favour and he was certain that his iniquities which caused him to be in such disgrace when the entire court would greatly displeas the king. Henry's death in the early hours of the 28th of January 1547 changed everything. Delamine's commission was immediately cancelled. He fled Venice that month and headed for the Duchy of Milan riding fast on hired horses without servants. Seeking the protection of large crowds he attended a glittering entertainment but made no effort to look into his figures other than wearing a mask. His taste for showing fine clothes became his downfall as it was reported that everyone stared at him. He was recognised and immediately imprisoned in Milan Castle. The Venetians were determined to repatriate Delamine as soon as possible and such was his reputation that they sent 200 cavalry at an escort to prevent any any rescue attempt. On the journey back it was ordered that he remained handcuffed and should he refuse to eat the food should be forced down on his throat after of course first testing it for poison to prevent his suicide. On suddenly the 1547 the prisoner was condemned to death on Saturday next when he should be taken between the two pillars in the Piazza San Marco where on a lofty scaffold his head should be severed but they didn't work that long to execute him. The rector of a near of Birbniw by Church was permitted to hear Delamine's confession and provide spiritual comfort until his hour of death. Early the next morning the prisoner was brought out of his cell in the Ducal prison and under heady guard walked a short distance along the broad waterfront to the place of execution and his head was severed from his body between those two pillars. The status-conscious city of Venice noted his passing in the official obituary role of a nobleman who had died that month. 12th of May Louis Vicky of Delamine beheaded by order of the most illustrious council of 10. The world was finally rid of Henry's gangsta. As I said at the beginning our view of Henry VIII has been defined more by his six marriages and those often inaccurate television dramas rather than by who truly was. I still treasure a memory of one shot in one series of a Boeing 747 jumbo flying over the Siege of Beloyne.  One could smell the stench of his legs two rooms away and requiring a primitive lift to hoist him up to the first floor royal apartments as well as a kind of sedan chair to lift him around. The dashing athletic Renaissance prince had disappeared long before. He now weighed 178 kilograms or if you're like me 28 stone with a body mass index of 52 kilograms per square meter well off today's national health service scale. Time was running out for him to achieve his childhood dreams of personal vala defeating the despised French and finally fulfilling the ancient English claim to the crown of France. But he had become a vulnerable and lonely old man. A 1542 Whitehall inventory of royal possessions reveals Henry's hidden helplessness. Three warping ourselves all fitted with whistles at the top are listed as our two leather trunks or loud halers used for shouting and the king was rarely alone but now needed to summon help in an emergency by blasts on its whistles or bellowing through his shouting trunk. He dreaded falling down and now required considerable help in getting him back on his feet. Despite his doctor's pleas despite eight weeks in bed he's still incestuous on evading France in 1544. And he proudly led his host out of Calais behind the bravely flying green and white Tudor battle inside towards Beloy where English troops were already digging siege works. Our proud burst of almost tropical intensity at Marquith 20 miles from Calais on the 25th of July was a salutary lesson and a defining moment. Standing around in a quagmire of mud wearing soaking wet clothes is one thing but watching your expensive armor rust about you is something quite different. You must have suddenly realised at last that he was medically unfit for a prolonged arduous campaigning far from home in all the weathers. His cherished dreams of battlefield heroics evaporated like incense in the Vatican in the grim realisation of his age and infirmities. The grand strategy for capturing Paris in concert in Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor was unilaterally abandoned and instead Henry was content to capture Beloy. Under papal pressure his ally made a separate peace with France, leaving Henry to fight on alone. The costs of war bankrupted England exacerbated by his reckless borrowing at high interest rates from the Antwerp bankers and his fraudulent devaluation of the coinage. He would take his successors more than two decades to rebuild the Tudor economy. His decline continued. Henry never enjoyed papal work and from 1545 he gave up signing state papers. His failing eyesight meant that he bought wire-fraining spectacles from generally tempers at a time. Clearly he loses them as regularly as I do. Instead of signing state papers a wooden block with the royal signature carved in rainds letters was impressed on documents and the imprint inked in. Of course there were safeguards against misuse. Documents signed with this dry stamp were listed every month for Henry's approval but after a year he even stopped examining this ledger. The King had handed over the levers of power to those around him. So how should we remember Henry VIII? He established the Royal Navy and his diplomacy placed his dominions firmly at the centre of European politics instead of being regarded as a remote group of rain swept islands on the edge of the known world. Knowing his fondness and jealousy of his sovereignty I think the European Union would be complete anathoba to Henry VIII. His warships laid the maritime foundations for the creation of the British Empire. Because of that insecurity of the Tudor dynasty, because of the fear that the dynasty could be destroyed, a heart beat away, Henry became a rampant part of the country. And he reformed the medical profession. He outlawed quacks the impact of religion and superstition and firmly placed it in the realms of science. His regulatory regime led the foundations of a modern healthcare system. Remember Henry VIII when he next visited your doctor or local hospital. But his dreams were thought even down to the grandiose monument he planned for himself in St George's Chapel Windsor, which was still unfinished in his death despite being worked on since the beginning of his reign. His last remnant is a sarcophagus which he'd earlier filched for walls his tomb and was reused more than 250 years later by a parsimonious government for now since the monument of the creative support of Europe. Despite what we regard today as his genocide of the civilian habitants of Scotland and northern France and the harsh totalitarian regime he inflicted on his hard tax subjects, one can still feel a scintilla of sympathy for the pain-wracked old overgun. The Tudor dynasty was to continue for another 56 years many more to die as Henry's offspring, likely a father, fellen on to the crown of England. Thank you very much indeed ladies and gentlemen.


Maybe like pole shift as a north and south pole switching magnetic fields Yeah, yeah, or is it pole shift something else? No pole shift is that the magnetic field flipping and the magnetic fields from the crust from the mantle of the earth right so You know sorry flat earth people but Crust mantle would be like this not mantle sorry the outer core right so here's the inner core The inner core solid right this is mantle This is outer core core, right the outer core has is Liquid right it moves around When you move charge and this gets into physics when you move charge you create a magnetic field, right? so moving charge 990 when you move charge you create a magnetic field and The outer core is full of ions, right and This charge moving so it's create magnetic field and earth magnetic field would be that's north And that's south point we're going Fun stuff fun stuff


There are times here at Nintendo Prime that we cover things that industry analysts have to say about Nintendo. And sometimes it's just because they're saying a lot of positive things. Sometimes it's because they're claiming they have inside information. And other times it's just because they're not holding Nintendo to the same standards they hold other companies to. And that is what we're talking to today because we have a group of analysts over at Bloomberg that have decided to reign on the Nintendo Switch to parade and essentially tell us, hey, this thing isn't really gonna be that successful. In fact, remember the peak of Switch, it's not even gonna come close. And the only way they can actually get close would be to release another wild out there completely different type of platform. And the fact that this is not that is going to actually hurt them. Now again, the reason that this is wild and different is they don't say these things about Sony who for, well, five generations now has been releasing iterative platforms. They don't land-based Sony over that. They don't project Sony to fail. But for some reason, Nintendo just can't be as good as they once were because they're trying to do it again. It's kind of weird. Let's go ahead and dive right in. So as you can see here, it says an analyst don't expect Switch successor to be as big of a hit as Switch Nintendo was back to being doomed. This was actually a Bloomberg article but because it's behind a paywall, we're gonna use some quotes over here from Go Nintendo. It says, as most dedicated Nintendo fans know, we don't know a single thing about the Switch successor, at least not officially. There are rumors and rumblings, insiders, Scuttlebutt and leaks, but the big N has remained quiet on their next-gen hardware. Still, analysts apparently feel more than comfortable predicting the next platform's success or lack thereof. A new report from Bloomberg has gathered comments from various analysts around the world and they all seem to agree on one thing. The Switch's successor is going to fail to meet the same reach that the current Switch has achieved. Again, this is just based on speculation and predictions on what the new platform will offer. So take their comments with a grain of salt. So the first one, and this comes from Minami Minakata, an analyst from Goldom Sachs, is as in our five-year earnings estimates, we do not see profits during the next generation of hardware cycle, surpassing the peak profits of the Nintendo Switch cycle. This could change if the hardware turns out to be a new concept hardware, rather than a successor along the same lines as Nintendo Switch. Remember what I said, they don't say this crap about Sony, but apparently Nintendo can only be deemed to have a as successful generation if it's some wildly different type of platform again. Now, this next one comes from the Macquarie group, LTD analysts, Yuji Zay, and I probably mispronounced their names, I do apologize, says we do not think the new console will be as successful as Switch and see potential profit taking after the announcement.  Well, Go Nintendo goes on to say having covered analyst commentary and predictions for the better part of 20 years, I could definitely say that comments like this are a dime a dozen. Some analysts end up getting things right and others are completely off the mark.  And we'll put a link down to the Go Nintendo article, specifically because again, the Bloomberg article is behind a pay wall. Now, what does this really all mean? Well, a lot of nothing because they're not claiming they're making these predictions based on any actual knowledge. It's not like other analysts that have come out and talked about, you know, some of the specs or some of the inside information, the screens, how many screens are being made. You know, that was actually talked about by an analyst who was using inside information to give us that. So yes, you can sometimes clean some information from analysts when they're using inside information. But this is one of those cases where I do think that these guys are kind of forgetting something because they talked about the overall profit levels of Nintendo can't hit the Pika Switch. And look, if you want to say the Pika Switch was due to the pandemic and the 28 million that it sold in 2020 and Animal Crossing, I understand that is a peak that very few systems ever get to. But they're kind of forgetting Nintendo isn't just that. They're launching an all new theme park in Orlando, Florida, literally in 2025. Oh, by the way, they have probably multiple movie projects in the work. There's a live action movie project in the work. Won't be surprised if the next Mario movie or some other, you know, animated movie is also in the works. The very first one was a $1.3 billion box office success. So Nintendo's not got all these other additional revenue that they didn't have at the actual peak in height of Nintendo Switch. Remember the Mario movie came out last year, the Pika Switch was 2020. So they already have additional profit drivers for them. So just in terms of pure Nintendo profits, they don't need the next platform to be as successful because they have other sources of revenue. But what I find fascinating is just why they say these things about Switch, but they never say them about new generation systems for Sony. I actually went back and looked up what these people had to say about the Nintendo Switch and the PlayStation 5. And they basically said that they saw the PlayStation 5 being as successful as the PlayStation 4. And then they also said the Switch would be a failure as well. So how about that? The Switch was gonna be a failure for Nintendo. And here we are with the Switch, not only not being a failure, potentially maybe the most popular system of all time. And now they're saying that, hey, the successor isn't going to match Switch. And I think it's obviously a fair thing to say that Nintendo Switch 2 might not sell 140, 150 million units. I think that is probably a safe thing to say because selling that many units is so rare in the industry. But it would still be a success if it sells 100 million plus, right? Like Nintendo's never had anything go back to back 100 million plus. That's what Sony does every time, right? The PlayStation 1, the PlayStation 2, the PlayStation 4, and probably the PlayStation 5 are all gonna sell over 100 million. That's a consistent sales pattern. Yeah, if Nintendo can get Nintendo Switch 2 to sell over 100 million, say it sells 105, 110, 115, that is a very successful platform for Nintendo. And what it probably mean, they would release another iterative system because they just had back to back for the first time in company history, 100 million plus selling system. So I'm just gonna sit here and say that while they might be technically right when it comes to Switch 2 sales might not hit 130, 140 plus million, I think they're wrong on the peak profits for Nintendo because they now have so many other profit drivers for them and this didn't even count. They could release hit mobile games in between. But more than that, I just wanna say we don't know anything officially about this platform. And that is to me, I think the key that we need to always keep in the back of our minds. Whatever Nintendo is gonna do, whatever could possibly happen is something that is just all possibilities. Look, I don't think Switch 2 is gonna outsell the Nintendo Switch either. Does that mean it won't be more successful or more profitable? How would I know? How do I know the next Mario Kart game doesn't go on to sell 90 million copies instead of what Mario Kart 8 Deluxe did if the software sales are even higher on this next system, even if the hardware sales are a little lower, that would make it a more profitable system for Nintendo. What if it has more big AAA third-party support? Are you not counting possible sales of Call of Duty being on this platform? Nintendo gets 30% of all of those sales. So there are lots of different ways Nintendo might actually be more profitable while selling less systems. Subscription services. What if that goes up and you get more and more work? If they now have like 60, 100 million subscribers. I'm just throwing out there there are so many different ways for Nintendo to drive profits that even if they don't hit the sales high of Nintendo Switch for a 28 million peak year, that doesn't mean that it can't be pretty much as if not more successful for them in different ways. So take this for what you will. Analysts are gonna say what they wanna say. Nintendo's been doomed since forever, the 1800s. They've been doomed since they came into existence. That's just the way it is. Analysts are always talking about how doomed Nintendo is and how they're going to fail. And because the system's iterative, even though other people do it and you don't project their downfall because Nintendo's doing it and because their history suggests well when they release iterative platforms they flop on their face. This is a different Nintendo and the Switch is a different kind of platform. It gets all of Nintendo's games. I'm just saying. Thank you guys so much for tuning in. I am Nathan DeRovage from Nintendo Prime. We'll catch you in the next video.


Alright, in this segment, what we are going to do, we are going to derive the equation for the log mean temperature difference and this will be kind of a long lecture or a long segment. The derivation is not that difficult but we will step through the process of coming up with this equation that is used quite often for heat exchanger analysis. So if we are dealing with the heat exchanger where we know our inlet and exit conditions, what we can do, we can write the heat transfer, we saw this equation in the last lecture and U is the overall heat transfer coefficient. A is the surface area corresponding to the way that U is defined, remember it could either be the inner or the outer area. And finally delta Tm, so delta Tm is an appropriate, now what does appropriate mean? It is an appropriate mean temperature difference and that is one that characterizes the temperature difference. Remember the two fluid streams are changing temperature as they flow through our exchanger and what we are going to do, we are going to model it as being a double pipe parallel flow arrangement heat exchanger and we will come up with a value for delta Tm and then if you want to apply it to different types of heat exchangers, there is a correction factor F that is applied and we will get to that later on in this lecture. But what we are going to begin with, we are going to begin with deriving delta Tm. Okay, so let's begin by drawing a schematic of a double pipe and what I am doing here with the double pipe heat exchanger, if you recall, I am zooming in on one of the walls. So this is what we are talking about in terms of the geometry, what it looks like for the double pipe. So we have fluid going through here and we have fluid going through here. Now what I am doing, I am zooming in on one of these wall sections and that is what we are looking at here. Okay, so that is the schematic that we are going to be using for the derivation and what you can see in the upper part, we have zoomed in on the interface wall between our two fluid streams and what is happening is the fluid, the cold fluid is coming along and its temperature is changing, we are assuming that it is going to be going up. The hot fluid is coming along and its temperature is also changing. We don't know what DTH is right yet, but we do know that the heat transfer is taking place across some differential element, we will call that DA and the amount of heat transfer is DQ. Now looking at the temperature diagram, remember this is a parallel flow double pipe heat exchanger and what we have here, we have our delta T and this is actually what we are going to be trying to solve for and again we can see we have heat exchange going from the hot fluid stream down to the cool fluid stream and in the process the hot fluid is changing and the cold fluid is changing, this is acting over some differential element DA, so consistency between physically what is going on as you zoom in on a section of the heat exchanger as well as the temperature diagram. So what we are now going to do, we are going to take this and we are going to write out a number of equations that we are going to work with that are modeling the processes that we are looking at for this particular schematic, so let's begin doing that and we will begin by looking at equations for the entire heat exchanger, so looking at the hot side and these are equations that we use over and over and over again when we are looking at heat transfer and heat exchangers, it is the mass flow rate of the hot fluid times the specific heat capacity of the hot fluid, now usually you have to average that because the fluid is going to change between the inlet and the exit, so we have that one and then looking at the cold side we can write out a similar equation, I made a little error here, I was wondering about that because the sine of Q would be wrong if I wrote it that way, so this should be TC2 minus TC1, so be careful of that when you are working with heat exchangers, because cold is going, TC2 is greater than TC1, so in order for Q to be positive we have to write it that way, now looking at the differential element, we can write out similar equations but for the differential amount of heat transfer and notice here for the hot side I introduced the minus sign because the hot temperature is going down whereas the cold is going up and so in terms of DT, the way that DT is defined we have to introduce that negative sign in order to make those consistent, now what I'm going to do, I'm going to label these equations, I'm going to call this equation 1 and this is going to be 2, this is 3 and this is 4 and we have a few more equations so let's keep writing those out, now we have Newton's law of cooling that we can use and this is looking at the differential amount of heat transfer using our overall heat transfer coefficient, so I'm going to do the overall times delta T times DA, the differential element area and in this expression delta T is the hot fluid temperature minus the cold fluid temperature and ultimately that's what we're trying to solve for, we're trying to solve for this delta T, so I'm going to call this equation 5 and we can also rewrite the differential of the delta T, so that's another equation that will enable us to further our analysis, so now what we're going to do, we have all of our equations, we're going to start subbing different ones into different equations and we will begin by subbing 3 and 4 into 6 and so we get that, now what we want to be able to do, we want to be able to replace this, so we're going to sub equation 5 and for DQ, so we get this, now what are we going to do with that, let's bring the delta T over to the left-hand side, so we get this equation, we have D delta T by delta T on the left, you can see that this is going to start turning into a logarithm when we integrate and that is what we're going to do in the next step, we're going to integrate this equation, so we get this equation here, now when we integrate the left-hand side, that's where we get the natural logarithm, hence log mean temperature difference, that's where that's going to come from, so we have this, now what we're going to want to do, we want to get rid of the mass flow rate on the left-hand side of the equation because we want to be able to express this in terms of temperatures and in order to do that, we're going to use equations 1 and 2, so we're going to go through and we're going to sub in for that, we have that now, usually we don't look at an equation like that, we want Q on the left-hand side, so let's rearrange and get Q on the left, so we get this big long expression here and this is our delta Tm, so that is the way to calculate the temperature between the two fluids and this is referred to as being the log mean temperature difference and sometimes you'll see it written with the acronym LMTD, now with this we assumed a parallel flow double-pipe heat exchanger, so if you want to apply this to other types of heat exchangers and we'll see later a factor, a correction factor comes in that you would get that out of figures, but what we're going to do in the next segment we're going to take a look at the temperatures, how these temperatures map to different types of configurations be it parallel or counter flow and then we'll solve some problems using the LMTD method and it works quite well with the exception of you don't know all four temperatures of your fluid streams and so we'll see later on in this lecture that this technique does break down, you have to do an integration which can be a bit of a pain and then there's another technique the effectiveness NTU that we'll be looking at, but for now we're going to play with LMTD for a little bit and explore where it can take us so that's what we're going to be doing in the next segments.


People often ask me questions like, can I pray to the Holy Spirit? Can I worship the Holy Spirit? And while I understand biblical truths concerning prayer and worship, while I understand that we are taught to pray to the Father in the name of Jesus, I want to address this idea that the Holy Spirit is somehow less divine than the Father and the Son. No believer doubts the deity of the Father. No true believer doubts the deity of the Son. Otherwise, they wouldn't be a true believer. If there is any doubt raised concerning divinity, that doubt seems to most often be aimed at the Holy Spirit. So I want to show you as simply and concisely as possible that the Bible most certainly reveals the Holy Spirit as God. Firstly, the Holy Spirit is omnipresent. I can never escape your spirit. I can never get away from your presence. That's Psalm chapter 139 verse 7. Secondly, we see that the Holy Spirit is omnipotent. In Luke's gospel, the power of the Holy Spirit is the very same as the power of the Most High. The angel replied, the Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. That's Luke chapter 1 verse 35. Thirdly, we see that the Holy Spirit is omniscient. He searches the mind of God and knows the mind of God. Therefore, he knows everything God knows, thus he is all-knowing. But it was to us that God revealed these things by his spirit, for his spirit searches out everything and shows us God's deep secrets. No one can know a person's thoughts except that person's own spirit and no one can know God's thoughts except God's own spirit. And we have received God's spirit, not the world's spirit, so we can know the wonderful things God has freely given us. That's 1 Corinthians chapter 2 verses 10 through 12. Finally, the Holy Spirit is eternal. Just think how much more the blood of Christ will purify our consciences from sinful deeds so that we can worship the living God for by the power of the eternal spirit, Christ offered himself to God as a perfect sacrifice for our sins. That's Hebrews chapter 9 verse 14. Who else but God is omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient and eternal? Clearly, the Holy Spirit is God. I'm David D. Hernandez, and that is Your Moment of Truth. For more free teachings like this, make sure you're signed up to my email list so that I can send you weekly emails with content that will help you to grow spiritually. Go to davidhernanisministries.com slash email. Thank you for watching Encounter TV. Don't forget to subscribe and click the notification bell. Also, help us spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. Make a one-time donation or become a monthly supporter by clicking on the donate link now.


What's going on? I am Greg Sussman joined today by Tom Vecchio, a fandal who's here to break down tonight's NBA slate. What's happening, Tom? Yeah, we got a big 10 game slate really shaping up to be a high scoring one plenty of options across the board With 10 games, of course, there's plenty of options across the board So let's start with your favorite one and that resides in Philadelphia. No Joel and Bean once again for the Sixers Which means Ben Simmons is the primary score for the Sixers team. He's your favorite stud on tonight's slate. How come? I think this 8.5 price tag for Simmons tonight is a little bit too cheap like you know over the past few seasons We've seen them up at you know The mid 9000 range when he's really scoring and this $8,500 price tag against the Nets on a second night But back-to-back the Nets are is really really viable and we're not really breaking the bank The Nets are allowing 49.4 fandal points per game to point guards this season. It's the fifth worst in the league We know there's a pace up spot for the 76ers They come in 20th in the league and pace the Nets are sitting up at 9th So a good step up against a weak defense and really you know I see this as like a classic Ben Simmons game where you know He's not a truly high volume score We're not getting I don't want to throw in a three-point joke here But he's gonna take in the mid-teens when it comes to shots He's gonna have 10 assists 12 rebounds like he's gonna push towards a double-double or a triple-double and this $8,500 Price tag is great tonight Nets are on a second night of back-to-back as you mentioned They do struggle against point guards bottom five in the league in a lot of a fantasy points there Yeah, Simmons is gonna hit the three-point shot But he's gonna be a both a facilitator and a score tonight for Philadelphia a lot to like with Ben Simmons here tonight Let's move on to your time to another stud that you're all in on and that brings us now. Well, it's a Nicolay Yolkic who's been a star all season long for this number Nuggets team who was a bit shorthanded potentially tonight Which means Nicolay Yolkic should see a higher usage potentially Yeah with Jamal Murray list as questionable, that's really the main thing they have Gary Harris list as questionable I don't think that impacts Yolkic too much We already know that Paul Millsap is out. He's been out for a few games And when we account for Murray being off the court, we see Yolkic come in with a 33 point 0% usage rate 1.48 Fandal points per minute Which is a 6.4 percent increase in his usage and an extra point one three Fandal points print So it is a big step up this game against the Hornets really isn't Amazing it comes to you know a fantasy perspective two teams in the bottom three when it comes to pace We have a 210 over under which is the lowest on the board But we're looking at a guy with a 33% usage rate who is also a you know potentially pushing towards a triple double So I'm all over Yolkic tonight despite the game environment not being amazing despite the pace not being amazing I want the high usage I want a guy that can easily go for 50 or 60 fan points Yolkic has that usage Yolkic has that ability to give you a 50 60 fantasy points There are some other centers that are on the board tonight Of course 10 games a guy like click appellate is going to come to mind But certainly Nicola Yolkic is out there for the taking as well One more start that's worth mentioning here Tom. That brings us to the dominator Demons is some bonus for the Indiana Pacers Victor Oladipo's impending return is coming not quite yet Tomorrow is some bonus could be in line for another big night tonight Yes, the bonus has been really like playing like an all-star this year averaging a double-double on the year and we have 10 games Like we have LeBron Westbrook is back in tonight hard and Lillard Luka You know 80 plays like we have a loaded slate and $8,300 for subbonus I think is really really solid a pace-up spot in a big way for Indiana They are 24th in a league when it comes to pace Minnesota is sitting at third overall a 218 over under Which is awesome. You know people are gonna be you know box score watch and we see this most recent performance from subbonus 32 fandal points he shot 3 of 12 from the field against a Philadelphia team certainly tougher on defense But he shoots 51% from the field this season. He's averaging 13 field go attempts, you know from the field Really just overall a bad game from him, you know in the most recent one I see this as a bounce back spot against Minnesota. We know they play super fast We know they're not good on defense $8300 is a great price tag You know combined with the fact that he still had a double-double in this most recent game He just had a bad night from the field So I'm gonna expect a little bit of positive regression and another 45-point game from him even when he is struggling from the field He's still producing numbers on the court for you and your fantasy team It's a bonus a double-double even when struggling tonight against Minnesota as you mentioned Tom's the bad defense It's gonna be a high-paced game. It's gonna be a lot of scoring to be a lot of points Put up by both squads a lot of fantasy puts that put up fantasy points Excuse me put up by DeMonte Simone's allowing him to be in your lineups tonight But in order to get these studs in there You gotta be able to find values and with a tenant game slate values are out there and then begin with Tomas Satoransky Yeah, $4,600 for Satoransky. I think this is just like a I want to say a safe option We look at him, you know a bit up and down But the consistency overall he has in the season point eight five finger points per minute in a very modest 19% usage rate is Interesting, you know playing high in the mid-20s when it comes to his minutes per game is great They pace up spot against the Wizards who are just terrible this year We look at Satoransky and okay, he doesn't shoot a high volume from the field You know that lies with you know a lot with Zach Lavey when it comes to the Bulls offense That's fine, but he's being productive in the limited usage that he has this is against his former team I don't know if you want to throw in the revenge factor there But we're looking at a guy who has a 25 or so point floor can push towards 35 or so fainting points And I just want to walk in that consistency to spend up for those stars As you said some off Satoransky has a bit of a revenge game today. I don't really think it applies here But he's as solid as they come right Satoransky is certainly somebody that you could put in there and feel good about it Because he's not going to be a bust much like our next player We talked about DeMonte Simonas the dominator. What about Dr. New so who do Muya who's been fantastic since play griffin went down with pistons. He is still unfairly priced. He's too cheap Yeah, we have the pistons Uh, they they have christian wood listed as questionable for tonight's game And you look back at his game log in 34 28 34 33 and 38 minutes in this recent stretch And that is when christian wood is playing We know they're kind of you know thing when it comes to a big men position In detroit and you know point seven zero fan two points per minute Is an amazing this season and a tougher matchup against the Celtics Uh, you know, but at number five we have projected for 31 minutes Which is right in this range where he's been even if he produces at this point seven We're going to see him around 24 25 fan two points tonight. So at $4,700 for a guy who's starting playing above 30 minutes Yeah, it's not the best matchup.  I don't even care about christian wood man I know the numbers are going to be better with wood not playing but do movies is that good get him in there One last value player to get to and it's in miami Where taylor harrow has played well as old ladies may well actually really all throughout his rookie season Why do you like harrow tonight? Yeah, so he comes in off the bench for miami Like you said, he's played, you know really well for the majority of this season You know taking 10 field goal attempts off the bench is always something I like to pay attention to Especially when it's a player that doesn't necessarily have to compete with usage You know I spoke about jordan mcray, you know a few weeks ago when in relation to bradley biel This is kind of the same thing where he plays a good amount of minutes when jimmy butler Isn't on the court taking 10 field goal attempts a guy who's taking five six seven eight three pointers a game So shows a nice pure scoring upside.  It's a slight pace up spot for miami. I'm not really too concerned with that We've a 222 over under which is very solid You know 0.79 fando points permitted is solid for a player who's coming in off the bench Under $5,000 and has shown a 30 sometimes 40 point upside with his pure scoring ability So I like these guys under $5,000 get a bunch of minutes in there get some shots in there specifically with hero And then spend up for the stars Guys like tailor hero who much like tomas sonaransky is solid, right? He's never going to just put up a zero You know the minutes are going to be there. You know, he's gonna hit a couple of threes There is a really good player in a really good spot a really good price tonight to put him in your line-ups That's gonna do it for us here on the fan. You'll hurry up. Tom. It's been a blast. Appreciate your time Yeah, it should be a good 10 game slate. Have a good one. I appreciate it. All right coming up tomorrow Jim Sonnis will join me as we take a look at the conference championship weekend for a dfs perspective I need help. So do you we'll rig it down tomorrow. Tom. Thank you. I'm Greg Sussman. Thanks so much for watching We'll see you tomorrow


All this month, get up to $50 off any Android smartphone from Appalachian Wireless, any Android you desire. All $50 off with two-year agreement, better service, bigger savings, that's today's Appalachian Wireless and East Kentucky Network Company. As the North and South squared off in Prestonsburg this weekend, during the Battle of Middle Creek re-enactment, local vendors were also set up for residents and tourists to view. One vendor in particular caught the eyes of many with his vintage sewing machine, which he bought on Craigslist. While of course the sewing machine did not win the war for Union soldiers, owner Bruce Austin says it certainly helped. When the war started, sewing machines were a brand new thing. The government wasn't even sure they were going to trust them to make the uniforms in different items, so they had to prove themselves. The first contracts that the government laid out for machine sewing products was to make all this canvas stuff that you see around us. Thousands and thousands of tents needed to be made in quickly. After they proved that they were worthy by doing the tents and the goods, they allowed them then contracts out to make the sewing goods for the Union uniforms. So the sewing machine was another thing that helped the Union to get ahead in the war. The Union had the advantage of the sewing machine producing goods in the North. These machines weren't made much until the Civil War started. Civil War started as mass producing, they're all made in Connecticut, New York, New Jersey. They're all made in Northwood's industrial. One sewing machine then would replace five other people, making it easier to produce more of what was needed. This machine, right here just like you see it, model number three, by 1863 in that one year loan, Wheeler Wilson made 30,000 of this machine in 1863. So that was a big increase in production. Again, while the sewing machine didn't technically win the war for the North, it certainly played a role in their victory. In Prestonsburg, Shelby Still, EKB News.


The Asus ROG Zephyrus Duo 15 is one of the most intriguing devices to come out of Asus this year. Although it is a refresh of last year's model, we are still wondering how Asus came up with the idea and more importantly, how they have engineered the laptop to be so good. On the surface, you get two displays that boost productivity and are simply just badass to look at and use. But the secondary display actually improves the overall usability and gaming performance of the machine. Not saying too much, this could be one of 2021's bestsellers, if it wasn't for the small fortune that you have to pay to get one. Today we are presenting you with laptop media's top 5 picks about the Asus ROG Zephyrus Duo 15 SE, GX551. With the ROG Zephyrus Duo 15 being a premium device, and charging you premium money, it's great that it comes with premium materials for its body since many flagship gaming laptops still use plastic as a main material, which is just inexcusable, considering their price. Here you get a base and a lid completely made out of magnesium, aluminum alloy, which provides the necessary structural integrity and rigidity. The design itself is very subdued, with even the body lines being very sensible. Branding wise, you get an off-centered ROG logo on the lid, plus the already familiar diagonal dotted pattern. The lid opens easily with a single hand in opening it lifts up the secondary display, orienting it to the user, and giving more access for air to enter the laptop, helping the cooling. Due to that, the GPU ran 12 degrees Celsius cooler than on the ROG Strix G17 G713. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Despite having a different layout than most laptops, it still offers good upgradeability. Half of the RAM memory, however, is soldered onto the motherboard, and for the rest, you have a single Sodom slot which Asus says can support up to another 16GB of RAM, for a total of 32GB of memory running in dual channel. For the storage, you have access to 2M.2 PCI-EX4 drives that come with RAID 0 support. The Asus ROG Zephyrus Duo 15 comes with 2 IPS displays, the main of which is 15.6 inch. The secondary screen pad plus has a diagonal of 14 inches. Going back to the main panel, we've tested the full HD variant which has comfortable viewing angles, a great contrast ratio, and a refresh rate of 300 Hz. Furthermore, it covers the sRGB color gamut almost completely, 99.4%, and has a non-flickering backlight. This makes it ideal for prolonged use. The color accuracy is fantastic as well, especially when using art gaming and web design profile. Below you can see the results of our test, which uses the 24 most commonly used colors, both with the factory settings, left, and with art gaming and web design, profile applied right. The laptop has a huge 90 watt hours battery unit and it lasts for 9 hours and 27 minutes of web browsing and 10 hours and 11 minutes of video playback. Keep in mind that the tests were done with the secondary display turned off, so if you want them both working, you should expect a much lower battery life. The placement of the input devices is a bit iffy due to the secondary display, but even if they had their usual placement, the keyboard has shallow key travel and feedback that is somehow both clicky and soft. The touchpad, due to its vertical orientation, needs some getting used to and generally feels not that great to use, but it has a glass finish which makes tracking and gliding very pleasant.


Welcome back to our lecture series, Math 12-10, Calculus I for students at Southern Utah University. As usual, I'll be your professor today, Dr. Andrew Miseldine. In this lecture 15, I'm actually going to continue the topics of limits at infinity that we introduced in lecture 14 previously in this lecture series. In lecture 14, we introduced the idea of a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote. What I want to do at the start of lecture 15 is to actually try to distinguish the differences between them because it both involve limits at infinity in a manner of speaking, but it's different types of limits at infinity. When one is talking about a vertical asymptote, what they mean is something like the following. We take the limit as x approaches some finite number a. We're either approaching a from the right or approaching a from the left or maybe we're approaching it from both sides doesn't matter. We take the limit as x approaches a from some direction of f of x and this flow limit turns out to be plus or minus infinity. In other words, as x approaches a finite number, plus or minus, we get that y approaches plus or minus infinity. If the y-coordinate is going towards infinity, but the x-coordinate is not, that is what describes a vertical asymptote using the language of limits. Now, on the other hand, a horizontal asymptote is going to coincide in the other direction. That is, if we have a limit as x is approaching plus or minus infinity of f of x, and we end up with some number a, just some number of which we could be approaching it from the right or the left. I don't really care. It doesn't make much of a difference in this context, but that's going to be a horizontal asymptote. As x is approaching plus or minus infinity, y will be approaching a finite number either from above or below. Again, the approach doesn't matter so much in that regard, but that's the difference between a horizontal asymptote and a vertical asymptote. The behavior around a vertical asymptote is when you get close to x equals a, the y-coordinate will explode, either positive or negative infinity. On the other hand, when it comes to a horizontal asymptote, as x goes to the extreme, as x explodes either to the far right or the far left, then the y-coordinate will asymptotically approach some number here. When it comes to vertical asymptotes, most likely the vertical asymptote came into existence because you had some type of division by zero, maybe divided zero from the right or from the left or whatever, and so as such, you get this graph, you have this line that's outside the domain of the function for which the function is approaching positive or negative infinity of that situation. Because of that reason, it's very calm, because the vertical asymptotes typically come from division by zero, which will be outside the domain of the function, our function's not going to touch its vertical asymptote because it's typically outside the domain. That's not a hard rule, but it's a very common practice, especially since most of the type of vertical asymptotes we occur that we see have occurred because of some type of rational expression, like one that we'll consider in just a moment. On the other hand, there is no stipulation that a function cannot touch its asymptote, and in particular, that's very much the case for horizontal asymptotes. You could have a function which asymptotically approaches one side, the other side, and then the middle, it might actually cross, it's horizontal asymptote. That's a very common thing. I don't want you to assume asymptotic means we can't touch it. It just, asymptotic just means that as we go to the extreme, as we go to the ends of the map, whether that's with respect to the domain or the range, as we go to the end, we're going to get closer and closer to this thing, so these things will be approximately the same thing when we take them to the extreme. That's the difference between a vertical and horizontal asymptote, how do you actually compute that? Let's say we're given some rational function like y equals two x plus one over x minus two. If we want to find the vertical asymptotes, I should color code this better. If we want to find the vertical asymptotes, this is going to come about when my denominator is equal to zero. So in this situation, we have to investigate what makes x minus two go to zero? Well, that's going to happen at x equals two. And so then we then look at the limits, take the limit as x approaches two from the right of two x plus one over x minus two, and we're also going to consider the limit as x approaches two from the left of two x plus one and x minus two. So the things we have to consider the left approach and the right approach because these could very well be different. If we plug this into the expression, because after all, rational function is continuous on its domain, we're going to end up with two times two plus one over two plus minus two. Simplify the numerator, we get two times two, which is four plus one is five. And then if we're a little bit bigger than two and we subtract two, we're going to be a little bit bigger than zero. This ends up being positive infinity. On the other hand, if we approach from the left, we're still going to get two times two plus one over two minus minus two, which will give us a five over zero minus because we're a little bit less than two when we subtract two will be a little bit less than zero. This is going to turn out to be negative infinity. You'll notice that in my calculation I did, I only put the two plus and the two minus in the denominator. I actually didn't care about the numerator because we're a little bit bigger than five or a little bit less than five, we're still positive. And when it comes to ratios that end up being infinite, we only care about the sign. Is it positive infinity or negative infinity? And so that's why I paid attention to the sign and the denominator because zero itself is actually a sinless number. It's neither positive nor negative. So I need to focus on the approach. Am I approaching zero from the positive side or approaching zero from the negative side? And so what this tells me about my function, if I actually could have some a lot of information about its graph right now, it turns out if we were to graph the function at X equals two, there's a vertical asymptote, like we said. And so the function would be, it would be approaching infinity from the right-hand side and it would be approaching negative infinity from the left-hand side. We know that already. What about the horizontal asymptote? The horizontal asymptote will be computed by taking the limit as X approaches infinity of two X plus one over X minus two. And as we've seen previously, when it comes to finding limits as you're going towards infinity, only the dominant term is gonna matter in that situation. So you get two X minus one, which is gonna equal the limit as X approaches infinity to X over X. That simplifies just to be the limit as X approaches infinity of two. So this is gonna be a two. And admittedly, there's no difference if we had been approaching negative infinity. So I mean, just like the vertical asymptote, we wanna approach it from the right, we wanna approach it from the left, but notice this calculation wouldn't change. The limit would here would be two. And so this tells us that our function, it had a vertical asymptote at X equals two and it's gonna have a horizontal asymptote likewise at Y equals two. So the number two showed up again, but for a different reason. And so we see this time that as our function goes to the extreme, our function's gonna approach Y equals two on the right. It's gonna do this also from above. That we're gonna see that it comes from above and then the other one's gonna come from below. We can add that extra bit of specification on signs if we need to, if it matters, absolutely. But we can add that if we really need to. So the only thing I would say to finish up this graph is I might be interested in what's the X intercept? What's the Y intercept of this function? Setting X equals to zero, you get the Y intercept is negative one half. When you solve for the numerator equal to zero, you'll see that the X intercept is one half, negative one half, excuse me. So when you piece those things together, we can very well get the whole picture just by using the intercepts and asymptotes of this function. All right, let's look at one that's a little bit more complicated. It will take Y equals X squared minus four over two X squared minus three X minus two. In this setting, it's gonna be very important to try to factor things. We would like this function to be factored.  The denominator takes a little bit more effort. You're gonna have to basically do some type of reverse foil method. There's a thousand different names for these things, the rainbow method, the AC method, the reverse foil method, what have you. In the process of factoring, you're gonna end up with an X minus two and a two X plus one, like so. For which you can notice that, hey, there is some type of reduction at X minus two. That actually does tell us something that our graph of the function is gonna have a removed point. It has a removed point at two comma because two is what makes that thing go to zero. How do we figure out what the other coordinate is? Well, that comes from finding the limit as X approaches two of our function, Y here, but you can use the simplified version when you cancel out the X minus two because the original function and the simplified version, they only differ by what happens at X equals two. So we can use the simplified version to calculate the limit X plus two to X plus one for which our limit there, we can just plug in two by continuity.  We end up with four fifths. So we do have this removed point at two and four fifths. Okay, the question didn't ask for that, but that is interesting. If we wanna figure out the vertical asymptotes, well, those are gonna be what makes the denominator go to zero. This is actually important to mention. The vertical asymptotes will occur at those places that make the denominator go to zero, but don't make the numerator go to zero in reduced form. So notice X minus two did make the denominator go to zero, but when you plug in X equals two in the original function, you end up with zero over zero. That does not necessarily mean a vertical asymptote. You need to reduce it. And so when you put this in smallest terms, no longer does X minus two make the denominator go to zero. And so in this case, if you set two X plus one equal to zero, two X plus one equal to zero, then you're gonna see that negative one half is a vertical asymptote for this function. Investigating what happens. In terms of limits, we can use the simplified version of this function. It makes life a lot easier. X plus two over two X plus one. Why did I put one half there? That was where the removed point was. Sorry about that. We need to put in negative one half. That's what we care about. If we approach it from the right, then we're gonna end up with the numerator. You're gonna get, well, honestly, we don't really care about the numerator because it doesn't make the numerator doesn't go to zero in this situation, but it'll be what it is. In the denominator, we're gonna get two times negative one half from above plus one. This becomes something in the numerator. Don't really care. The sign does matter. So we don't need to care about that. Two take away a half. It's gonna be one and a half, 1.5. The denominator is gonna be zero plus. So this does turn out to be infinity. And so by a similar calculation, if we plug in negative one half from the left of this X plus two over two X plus one, you're gonna end up with 1.5 over zero from the left. So you get negative infinity. Like, so that's our vertical asymptotes. For the horizontal asymptotes, we then investigate, we take the limit, horizontal asymptote at Y equals. We'll see what it is in a moment. As X approaches infinity. Again, we can use the simplified version for all of our limit calculations. So you get X plus two over two X plus one. Again, this is a balanced rational function. So this is gonna give us a limit of one half. And this will be the same whether we approach positive or negative infinity. The nice thing about rational functions is that if it has a horizontal asymptote, it will be the same as you go towards infinity and negative infinity. We will see in a future video that with other functions, like involving square roots or other functions, that the left horizontal asymptote can be very different than the one on the right. Let us do consider a function which may have a horizontal asymptote. That's not necessarily a rational function. Let's consider the function E to one over X right here. Now, just for simplification, we're gonna take the function E to the X and denote it as EXP for the moment of X. So we can rewrite this whole thing as the limit, as X approaches infinity of EXP of one over X. The reason I wanna do that is to make the composition of functions even more obvious here. We put the rational function of one over X inside of the exponential function EXP. And since EXP, the natural exponential is a continuous function, we can actually bring it out of the limit process. And we're gonna end up with EXP of the limit as X approaches infinity of one over X. And notice that as X approaches infinity, one over X is gonna, it's gonna become zero. So we get EXP of zero, zero from the right, if we're gonna be precise, but that level specificity isn't actually required here because we need to compute E to the zero.  We're gonna see this is gonna equal one. So our function, so if we take F of X to equal E to the one over X, we see that it has a horizontal asymptote at Y equals one. If we take the limit as X approaches negative infinity in this situation, you get E to the one over X. The calculation is gonna look very similar. We pull out the natural exponential, we take the limit as X approaches negative infinity right here, gonna get one over X here. And so we end up with getting E to the zero again. Now you're approaching it from below, but again, that distinction doesn't make a difference. And we end up with one. So we see that even for this non-rational function, it has a horizontal asymptote of one on the left side and right side of its graph. Does this function have a vertical asymptote though? I mean, after all, when you look at it, you do see this one over X. And as we've seen, sending the denominator of a rational expression to zero typically causes infinity, right? So it seems like there could be some type of vertical asymptote going on here. So let's investigate what happens. If we take the limit as X approaches zero from the right of E to the one over X, pull out the exponential, we get EXP of the limit as X approaches zero from the right of one over X. This ends up being a positive infinity. So we're gonna get E to the positive infinity, which really, if you take a positive number, that's a number greater than one and raise it to the infinite power, this is gonna be infinity. So that does tell us there's gonna be a vertical asymptote at X equals zero. But notice what happens here when we do the other direction. If we take X as it goes to zero from the left, E to the one over X here, same type of thing, we're gonna pull out the exponential function, we get the limit as one over X as X approaches zero from the left here. This is gonna turn out to be negative infinity this time and therefore we end up with E to the negative infinity. X exponential functions on their left do something very different on the right. On the right-hand side, assuming again the base like E is greater than one, on the right-hand side, these growing exponentials will blow off towards infinity, but on the left-hand side, they actually have a horizontal asymptote. So this turns out to be zero. And so we see that this function has a very, very curious thing happening on its graph. If we were to take just a stab at it, we're just gonna draw the picture ourselves right here. If we look on the right-hand side, the right-hand side, it blows off towards infinity as we approach zero from the right. And as we go off towards in positive infinity, there is this horizontal asymptote at X equals one. So it might get something like this. Excuse me, Y equals one. But on the right-hand side, you also will approach one. You'll do it from below. And then as you get close to zero, let me try that again. When you get close to zero, it actually wants to look like zero itself. It is undefined at zero, so it's gonna be an open point. But we're gonna get a picture of a graph that looks something like this. So this is an example of a function which has a vertical asymptote on one side of the graph, but it doesn't have it on the other side.


Coming to you from RGIS Studios, I am Anicia Antoine and this is your Midday News Brief. Plans are advancing to enhance parts of castries through the OECS Regional Tourism Competitiveness Project. The project which is being funded by the World Bank seeks to enhance the competitiveness of tourism in the region by facilitating movement of tourists between the participating using ferries, improving selected tourism sites, and strengthening capacity for original tourism market development. The Government of St Lucia has identified the Castries City tourism product as a priority for St Lucia, with targeted investment sites and activities aimed at making downtown castries more pleasant and attractive to tourists as well as residents. As part of the OECS Regional Tourism Competitiveness Project, the Government intends to implement several investment initiatives to revitalize downtown castries. These include the pedestrianization of the William Peter Boulevard, the upgrading of sidewalks, works for the improvement of the visitor experience walking through castries, and the upgrading of the Castries Central Market. Some 15 million US dollars has been emacked for St Lucia under the project. The Grozile Community has for its second year honored committed community members and groups who have contributed towards community development. The annual Grozile Lilette Award ceremony sought to recognize members of the community for their contribution to community growth and development. The categories for this year included business, youth development, community service, arts and entertainment, and long-standing community groups. Minister for Equity, Social Justice, Local Government and Empowerment and a parliamentary representative for Grozile, Hon. Leonard Montout, congratulated the awardees and urged all residents of Grozile to play their part in further developing the community. The Grozile Lilette Award ceremony was held on Thursday 1st of August 2019. The Department of Home Affairs and National Security has welcomed the platform offered through the observance of World Day Against Trafficking in Persons to remind the public of this emerging form of modern slavery. Chairperson of the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Task Force and Permanent Secretary in the Department of Home Affairs and National Security, Mistress Elizabeth Bailey, highlighted that the Government of St Lucia supports the appeal made by the UN Secretary General. The US State Department has ranked St Lucia at Tier 2 in 2018 and 2019 respectively for its tremendous strides in addressing the scourge of trafficking in persons at the local level. This has been your media news brief. Thank you for watching.


Hello, everyone, myself, M. M. Hunt working in computer science and engineering department as an assistant professor in Vulture Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today, we are discussing the topic, encoding and decoding of messages in distributed system. Learning outcomes. At the end of this session, student will be able to describe encoding and decoding operation of data in distributed system and apply failure handling mechanisms in distributed systems. Introduction. Process communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows processes to communicate with each other. Here P1 and P2 processes which residing on two different systems or nodes, they are communicating with each other. P1 is sending message to P1 and P2 is sending the message to P1. So P1 and P2, they are sending the message to each other. Process communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows process to communicate with each other. This communication could involve a process letting another process know that some event has occurred or transferring of data from one process to another. One of the models of process communication is the message passing model. Message passing model allows multiple processes to read and write data to the message queue. Messages are stored on the queue until their recipient retries them. Message queues are quite useful for inter-process communication and are used by most operating system. Information physically copied from center address space to receive address space. Distributed system uses message-based inter-process communication for most applications. Address contains sending process ID and resting process ID. Sequence number consists of consisting of message ID which is useful for identifying lost or duplicate messages. So due to this sequence number or due to this ID of messages we are easily getting the duplicate message or lost messages in message passing model. So these four bits are related to the message encoding and decoding in the message passing model. Encoding and decoding of message data. Two types of representations are used for encoding and decoding of data. Tagged representation and untagged representation. In tagged representation the type of program object along with its values encoded in message. In untagged representation the message data contains only program objects. The receiving process must have a prior knowledge of how to decode the data. Both sender and receiver must carefully aware of the format of data encoded in the message. Process addressing. Addressing involved parties a message passing system support two types of addressing. Explicit addressing and implicit addressing. The explicit addressing in the syntax send the parameters are process ID and message and receive primitive. The parameters are receive process ID and the message. Implicit addressing. Here the syntax is send any means the parameters are send ID and message. Here send a message to any process that provides service of type service ID for functional addressing. The next primitive receive any. The parameters are process ID and message. Receive a message from any process and return the process ID of the process from which the message was received. How to form process ID? Simple method to identify the process is to use a combination of machine ID and local ID. The syntax is machine ID iterate local ID where local ID is the process identifier or port identifier of receiving process. This method is used in Berkley Unix with 32-bit internet address for machine ID and 16-bit number for local ID. Advantage. No global coordination is required to generate unique process IDs. Disadventure does not allow process migration. Process can be identified by three fields. Machine ID, local ID and machine ID. The first field identifies the node on which process was created. The second field local identifier generated by node on which the process is created. Third field identifies the last known of the node or last location of the node of the process. The value of first two fields never changed during its lifetime of process but the third may change. This is also known as link-based process addressing. The kernel of sending machine delivers the message to the machine whose machine ID is specified in the third field of the receiving process address. Disadvantage is a lot of overhead in locating a process if processes have migrated several times. If an intermediate node on which the process once resided is down then it is not possible to locate the process. Two-level naming. Achieve location transparency in process addressing. Each process two identifiers. High-level name which is the machine dependent. Low-level name which is machine dependent. A surname server maintains a mapping table to map a high-level names of process to their low-level names. The sending kernel also caches a high-level name to low-level name mapping information of the receiver process for further use so that the name server need not be contacted every time. Advantages. Support process migration easily. Suitable for functional addressing for high-level name identified. Service instead of process. Disadvantage. Poor scalability and poor reliability. Centralized component. Maintain replicas of name server but problem of consistency. Pause the video and write down your answer. What are the different causes of failure in distributed system? The causes are in failure handling. Node crash or link failure may lead to the following problems. Lost of request message by the sender. Lost of response message by the receiver. Unsuccessful execution of sender or receiver. There will be unsuccessful execution of the request message. Interprocess communication has different protocol to handle these problems. So this is lost of request message, response message, unsuccessful executions or node crash. These are the different causes of failure handling. Three message reliable protocol. Here client will be sending a request to the server. Server will be taking the function or method name and parameter executing that method and it will be the result of that method will be returning to the client and client will be getting that result and sending the acknowledgement to the server. So this is three message reliable protocol. Here request message from client to server, reply message from server to client, acknowledge message from client to server. So this is three message reliable protocol. Fault tolerant communication. Here one side is client and other side is server. So request is sent from client to server. The message get lost. Again the message will be sending from client to server. Here server after reaching the server may crash. Again we are sending the message from client to server. Here the message is successful at the server side execution can be takes place but the response message get lost. Again we are sending that message. Now this time the message successful reached at the server side execution can take place and the response is sending to the client. So this is first, this is called as a fault tolerant communication. The last routine is called as a fault tolerant communication. The first message gets lost, then server crash, then response message get lost. But last time this transmission can be executed successfully. Not an important routine. We can take the example of the ATM machine debit 100 if balance greater than equal to amount balance equal to balance minus amount return success balance return failure end. Client means the user who is withdrawing 100 rupees. So request can be sent from client to server. So debit 100 rupees. So at server side balance is 1000. So proceed debit balance routine now 1000 minus 100 equal to 900. Reign rate success is sending to the client from the server. But this message get lost. Again client to be sending second message debit 100 from client to server. Here proceed debit routine the balance from current balance it will be deducted 900 minus 100 equal to 800. So here server will be sending to the client the message in the form response success 800. So this balance success 800 is the logically not correct. So this routine is called as non-adempotent routine. So first message get lost again it will be resending and from the current balance the 900 to be deducted. So success 800 is the wrong message or wrong result getting to the client. Now exactly one semantics using the request identifier and reply cache. So at the server side when reply cache is maintained whose attributes are request identifier and reply to be sent. Here client is sending the request debit 100 and at the server side check reply from in the cache for the request one no match found to the process request one save the reply and return 1000 minus 100 equal to 900 return success 900 to the client. But the in the response success 900 message get lost again resending that message to buy the client to the server debit 100 check the reply in the cache for request one match found exact reply. So here that return request one previously visited is stored in the one row that result will be get phased. So reply to be sent is taken from this table and that is return success 900 will be sending to the client. So response in the success 900. So at the client end we are getting the balance of 100. This is the correct answer. So exactly one semantics using the request identifier and reply cache. So here every request and its reply stored in this table and we cannot get the duplicate message or lost message due to this table. So this is called as exact one semantics. So now not I had to put it routine with exactly once when using the request identifier using reply cache. Reproducing duplicate request is avoided. Range of request identifier should be much larger than the number of entries in the reply cache. These are the references. Thank you.


Hi, this is George Kao. I want to just show you real quick how to find images online for free use in your business or in your personal life. So the simplest way to do it is just to go to Google Images. So if you just Google, Google Images, whoops, even if you misspell it, Google knows to go to basically its image. Yeah, well, just Google, like I said, Google, Google Images, and then the first result by Google is the correct one. And here, if you're searching, you know, I'm just going to type in an idea, let's say I want to find pictures of mountains, let's say. So I'm going to put mountains, okay, and press enter. And then once you've done that, you see lots and lots of obviously pictures. They even give you a couple of ideas that you can click on. Let's say, yeah, I really want to look for more like drawings of mountains. I'm going to click on that. Okay, let's see what that looks like. Very cool. All right. And then additional, you know, ideas will show up here. And what I want to show you, this is the one that a lot of people don't know. If you click on tools, okay, and then here usage rights, click on that, and then click on creative commons licenses. Okay, this means that you will be able to use these images without paying for them in your business legitimately. Now, sometimes you do need to credit the creator of the image, but these are basically royalty free images. So that's pretty cool. You can also, of course, not of course, some of you don't know this, but under tools, you can also select whether you want large images, meaning images that are high resolution, larger files, or just medium ones, or even just for icon. You just need a very small resolution, something for a small icon that's available too. And you could, yeah, you could just kind of play around with these. When was the image last uploaded, or when was it uploaded rather? So Google image search is really useful for this. Another one that you might want to just try if you want more than you can find in Google images is creative commons image search. So we do creative commons image search. The first result ccsearch.creativecommons.work should be correct. And let's take a look here. There it is, search for content to be used. So these are by default what comes up here are going to be royalty free. So mountains again, press enter. And here you could even say I want to be able to use it commercially in my business, basically. And I want to be able to modify or adapt it that it's going to be okay with the creator if I do that. So I'm going to click this checkbox as well. And so anyway, these images are royalty free. You can use them anywhere on your websites. You might want to look at the license to see if you need a credit. Basically, you can even filter by the license. CCO means you don't even need a credit, the author. You don't even need to credit the photographer or anything. These are completely free, free for use. Or you can try the other licenses and you can click on the question mark to find out what these things mean. So anyway, that's a really quick tutorial on how to find royalty free images online.