This is the Dalhousie Health Law Institute's Health Law Primer's electronic module series. These first modules, which are broken down into two parts, are an overview of the Canadian legal system. In this first part, we will cover sources of law in Canada. This module is intended to outline some basic but important concepts in the Canadian legal system, and to provide you with the background you need to navigate and understand the more complex topics in the rest of the e-module series. My name is Jonathan Shapiro, and I am an instructor at the Shuliff School of Law at Dalhousie University. My email and telephone number are provided. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions about the content of the module. In this first module, we will cover four sources of law. The Constitution, legislation, which includes both statutes and regulations, the common law, and administrative bodies. Let's begin with the Constitution. The most important thing to know about the Constitution is that it is the supreme law of Canada. This simple idea is fundamental because it means if a law is inconsistent with the Constitution, it is no law at all. This is contained in section 52 of the Constitution Act 1982, the text of which is reproduced here. This means that the Constitution is used to challenge other, lesser laws. While the Constitution is a complex collection of documents and non-written principles, for our purposes, there are two parts of the Constitution we need to discuss, contained in two separate documents. First, the Division of Powers from the Constitution Act 1867, and second, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which came along much later in the Constitution Act of 1982. The Division of Powers is contained in the Constitution Act of 1867, which is the document that first created Canada when the four colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Upper and Lower Canada came together on July 1, 1867. Those colonies became provinces, and you probably know that Canada is a federal state with both a federal and various provincial governments. The most important part of that document is the separation of legislative powers, which sets out which level of government gets to pass what kind of laws. Those powers are set out in section 91 and 92 of the Constitution Act 1867. For example, the federal government gets to make criminal laws, laws about who gets to come into the country, and laws about our national currency, while the provinces get to make laws about roads, liquor and driver's licensing, and the maintenance of hospitals. This is not a complete list. You can see the complete list by looking up section 91 and section 92 online. So which level of government gets to pass laws about healthcare? Isn't the provincial government or the federal government? Actually, it's both. It's mostly provincial because under section 92-7 of the Constitution Act, the provinces get to control the establishment and maintenance of hospitals in the province. However, the federal government does have some influence through its spending power. The federal government has a much larger tax base than the provinces, as the tax is all 33 million Canadians. While it cannot pass laws directly relating to health, the federal government does offer to pay for healthcare services if the provinces agree to certain conditions. Because of the cost of healthcare, all the provinces agree, which is why we have a Canada Health Act that establishes these basic criteria. The next important part of the Constitution is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, usually referred to just as the Charter. It is the first part of the Constitution Act, 1982. It is important because it guarantees many individual and some collective rights. It's not that Canadians didn't have rights before 1982. We did, in things like the Federal Bill of Rights. But those laws were just statutes, which we will talk about shortly. What makes these rights guaranteed is their constitutional status, because as we discussed regarding section 52, any law that breaches a Charter right is no law at all. Also, a Constitution is extremely difficult to change, giving these rights much more permanency. Two other important things you must know about the Charter is that it applies only to government actors. So it is used to challenge laws and government actions, but does not guarantee rights against private citizens. The Charter will never be invoked, for example, in a private lawsuit over a car accident or negligent medical treatment, but might form the basis of a challenge to a policy that denies certain treatments to groups of people. Secondly, Charter rights are not absolute. Governments in Canada can infringe your rights if they can justify their action as being a reasonable limit in a free and democratic society. That is the very first section of the Charter, section 1. For example, while the Charter guarantees free speech, it is still reasonable for the government to pass laws preventing someone from yelling fire in a crowded theater. Very briefly, the structure of the Charter is as follows. After section 1, the reasonable limits clause is section 2. Section 2 sets out basic fundamental freedoms, like freedom of speech or freedom of choice of or from religion. Section 3 to 5 set out basic democratic rights, like the right to vote, and the right of citizens to run for election to public office. Section 6 sets out the rights of Canadians to live, move, and work throughout the country. Section 7 to 14 contain general and specific legal rights, such as the right to a lawyer upon arrest, or the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. It also contains the general right to life, liberty, and security of the person, in accordance with the fundamental principles of justice in section 7. You may encounter section 7 again in the course of the rest of these modules, as it is frequently the basis for legal challenges to laws. Finally, section 15 entrenched the equality guarantee, which is the right to be free from discrimination in Canadian laws or by Canadian governmental actors. This is only a basic outline. The full charter and its actual text is widely available online if you're interested. The next source of law is legislation, sometimes called statutes or acts, though as you will see, the concept is much broader than that. This is what most people think of as a law. It's a series of rules created by government and written down and published in a public forum, both in the dusty old books in the law library and on government websites. A statute is created when a member of the elected body of government imposes a draft rule or series of rules called a bill, which is then debated, amended, and eventually, if approved by majority of vote, is published and becomes a law. Statutes are very flexible in what they can do, subject to constitutional limits, and they do many things, such as create prohibitions of the form, you shall not do something, as in the criminal code of Canada. Impose obligations of the form, you must do something, which is requiring you to file your income taxes under the Income Tax Act.  Provide rights and protections of the form, others shall not do these things to you, as in the various human rights codes, and regulate professions, saying here are the rules for doing something, as in the Nova Scotia Medical Act. Each level of government, federal and provincial, has passed laws within their spheres of power set out in the division of powers we previously discussed. This is why you see both federal and provincial statutes. So for example, the federal government has created the criminal code under its constitutional power over criminal law, in section 9127 of the Constitution Act 1867. Here you can see a few samples of statutes, which might affect the medical profession, passed by each level of government. This is only a small sampling. The list of statutes from all levels is very, very long. As you encounter statutes in the remainder of the E-Module series, try to identify whether the act is a federal one, or one created by the provincial government. However, statutes are not the only sources of law created by government. There is a second category of legislation called regulations. Statutes are the primary form of laws passed by government, but as you saw above, there is a complex and often lengthy process which must take place to make a draft bill become a law. This makes statutes not very responsive to change. For example, what if the government wants to institute a small service fee increase, say for performing blood tests or doctors' record production? If the medical act had to be amended for this small change, it could take months or longer. In-step regulations. The statute creates the general framework for rules in an area and makes the major rules, and then usually allows for another authority to make small rules that flesh out the details. We call these small rules regulations. Usually, though as you'll see not exclusively, the authority delegated to make regulations is the government executive, cabinet, or a member of the cabinet, such as the minister. In our example above, likely the minister of health. So, for example, the medical act authorizes the creation of regulations about doctors practicing fees, and those fees themselves are set out in section 29 of the College of Physicians and Surgeons regulations. Regulations can be created and changed much quicker than statutes because they only require executive action, not democratic debate. It is important to remember, however, that regulations are subordinate, meaning that a statute must authorize their creation. If an authority tries to make a regulation that is not authorized by the parent statute, or if a regulation is made that is in conflict with the parent statute, the regulation is of no force and effect. Regulations can always be overridden by the terms of a statute. For simplicity's sake, in the hierarchy, you can think of statutes as being greater than regulations. The next source of law is the common law. Most people think of the law as statutory, single written documents made by government like the Constitution and the acts described above, and a lot of it is. But that's not the only source of law in Canada. Many areas of law important to medical practices are governed by the common law, a series of rules that come out of precedence created by judges, which is why the common law is sometimes called judge-made law. We inherited the common law system from England, and it dates back as least as far as the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. Back then, there were fewer no-statutes, and the law was made by the king. People took disputes between themselves directly to the king for justice. As you can imagine, the king could not personally deal with a sheer number of cases that arose, and so he appointed magistrates to hear cases on his behalf. Those judges decided cases, and in order to be consistent and fair, they tried to rule consistently with each other and their previous similar decisions. Over time, a body of precedence was developed. In this way, the common law tries to maintain consistency in its outcomes. Predictability. If you know how a similar case has been decided, you know if you have a good case or not. But, because few cases are exactly alike, judges must reason by analogy, looking for similarities and differences between cases. Also, because few cases are exactly alike, there is some room to choose what previous rules and cases will apply, a term that is often called judicial discretion. There are many areas of law where government has not acted to put in place statutes. These areas are still governed primarily by the common law, including fundamental ones for the practice of medicine. This includes both contracts and torts, which is where one person causes an injury to another, which we will discuss in detail in the second module of this overview series. You can usually tell when the common law covers an area, because judges will refer to cases, such as the rule in Smith v. Jones, rather than a statute, such as section 29 of the Medical Act, in describing the law. Just like regulations are subordinate to statutes, it is important to understand the common law's place in the hierarchy of sources as well. The common law, made by judges, is always subject to being specifically overridden by the elected government by statute. You can think of the hierarchy of sources as follows. The pinnacle of the hierarchy is the Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. It is greater than and sets the boundaries for legislation created by the elected levels of government. In turn, legislation is greater than the common law made by unelected judges. Here is a simplified example of the interaction between legislation and the common law. Touching a patient, such as delivering an injection without their consent, is the tort of battery at common law, something we will cover in more depth in the second module of this series. However, every province has passed a statute that allows doctors to treat patients against their will for certain communicable diseases. This means that what would have been against the rules of the common law has been overridden by the statutes in question, and the common law of battery is not effective in those limited circumstances. The final source of law you need to know about are administrative bodies. Sometimes, there is an area where the legislature or parliament is not the best suited to regulating, and they want to delegate their authority. With regulations, they delegate that authority to a member of the cabinet. In administrative law, they delegate that authority to a completely separate entity, called an administrative body. The legislature might want to do this because as lawmakers they might lack expertise in an area, or the area might be very complex and require special knowledge or skills, such as the practice of medicine, or the area might require a lot of regular administration, minor rule changes, and oversight, which the elected law-making body is not well equipped to handle. Instead, government authorizes the creation of a body that is authorized to regulate an area of law on its behalf. For example, licensing and regulating drivers. You don't want every suspension to have to be approved and then lifted by passing a new law. Instead, we have the Department of Motor Vehicles to manage it. All administrative bodies are created by statute, called their enabling statute or parent statute. Usually, the enabling statute has a provision that allows the administrative body to make rules and policies which are similar in force to regulations. The administrative body is semi-independent. While it depends on the government and the enabling statute for its creation and the scope of its powers and abilities, it does not have to be directly supervised or regularly returned to government for direction or for permission to carry out its mandate. Here's an example of an administrative body with which you should all be familiar, the Nova Scotia College of Physicians and Surgeons. This is the body that is authorized to govern the regulation of doctors. It is created by statute, the Medical Act of Nova Scotia. That act both creates the college as an entity and then also authorizes the college to make the rules and regulations and policies that govern the practice of medicine in Nova Scotia, including ethical guidelines and the ability to discipline doctors and handle public complaints. The college itself then exercises that mandate and actually creates and enforces those rules. In that way, the college is itself a source of law in Nova Scotia. That concludes Part 1 of the overview of the Canadian legal system. In Part 2, the second module in this series, I will introduce you to four areas of law that might affect your life as a medical practitioner, including contract, tort, criminal, and administrative law. I look forward to seeing you there. Please note that this module is not intended as legal advice and is for educational purposes only. Development of this module was made possible by the generous support of Dalhousie University's Health Law Institute.


Chitraduga Fort, located across several hills, overlooking a flat valley in the Chitraduga region of Karnataka, within India, is undoubtedly an incredible sight indeed. Just like that of Kalish Temple, and many other ancient temples and fortifications found across ancient India, was once perfectly cut straight from the surrounding bedrock. A feat which we claim was beyond the capabilities of those who some claim constructed them. The fort is claimed as being built in stages and is dated as having been constructed or indeed carved between the 11th and the 13th century. It was indeed, we believe, simply reclaimed as the work of these rulers in what many would perceive as a power move, becoming an intimidating fortification for outsiders to have come and gazed upon. Claimed as having been constructed by the dynastic rulers of the region, including the Chilukyas and Hoysalas, later the Nayakas of Chitraduga, those of the Vijayanagar empire. Collaborating this is the lack of utilization of the tremendous effort the fort would have been to construct, and that the fort, like so many other inexplicable ancient sites, was easily overcome in 1779 by Hyder Ali at Chitradurga, then later by British forces. The fort's name, Chitrakaldurga, which means picturesque fort in Kannada, is also now the namesake of the town Chitradurga. Enormous boulders are incorporated into the ancient walls, with near polygonal masonry constructed around them. Built upon and into solid bedrock, one would have presumed that whoever built it would have been considerably difficult to have budged, even with incredible amounts of cannon fire, yet those who claimed to have built it were seemingly quickly invaded and overcome. Furthermore, if one looks at other ancient sites across India, also carved directly from the bedrock of earth, one not only begins to see the similarities in the builds, but the impossible perfection of these artistic visions, once having been so precisely cut, apparently with primitive tools. It is a site, along with the rest of ancient Indian antiquities, which are, in addition, not only claimed as the work of those who lived within the new world, but are yet to have been fully explained. It is a site, which is undoubtedly highly compelling. Inside a tunnel system carved from the solid limestone bedrock, in the desert of Egypt, lay 24 black granite boxes cut with the precision our modern technologies, do not possess. Shaped from as one granite and extremely hard stone. These massive boxes remain a profound mystery for scholars who are unsure as to what their true purpose was, or indeed how old they are. Numerous well-known figures have concluded the hieroglyphics written upon them, is of such poor quality it is regarded as graffiti, many people believe Egyptian kings claim precision made ruins as their own. This is one of the main hypothesis put forward for the Egyptians lack of any records of the pyramid's construction. Often decorating them in a more primitive form of writing style. The suspected sarcophagi range in weight between 50 and 100 tons. Their real purpose or maybe indeed their function remains unclear, although there were clearly of importance, they were cut with such precision in fact they would have remained airtight for eons. Researchers like Brian Foester theorize they are clear examples of lost ancient high technology created before the time of the dynastic Egyptians. Whatever their true purpose was, the truth is that they are beyond magnificent. Well-regarded studies for example, into the erosion evident on the sphinxes of Giza, have proven to indicate they may be far older than the Egyptian civilizations. By several hundred thousand years, some even claiming they show evidences of past submersions. The Serapium of Sakkara is located to the northwest of the famous Pyramid of Joza. This necropolis found near Memphis, Egypt, is believed in modern academia to have been built sometime around 1300 BC, by Ramesses II. Just what kind of technology, or indeed what kind of man, could have cut, transported, stacked and placed blocks of stones weighing up to 100 tons on top of each other with such accuracy? The evidence for the existence of a past now lost yet once highly advanced and global civilization should now be overwhelming to anyone who has spent any amount of time researching the anomalies and similarities within ancient sites worldwide, found on nearly every continent on Earth. There are countless sites claimed as a certain civilization's work, yet these claims not only often lack any explanation as to how these cultures built said ruins, or how, if built by said culture, they can be connected to other sites located in other countries thousands of miles away. These facts are simply academically ignored. Interestingly, another site we can now add to this list of locations that the known polygonal building civilizations pinpointed within the Arab Emirates. According to academic study, quote, the hilly archaeological site not only provides the earliest known evidence of an agricultural village in the United Arab Emirates, but also contains villages, burial grounds, and agricultural infrastructure. The largest collection in the UAE of tombs and buildings from this period is located at Hilly. A number of these Bronze Age structures are located within the Hilly Archaeological Park and are open to the public, end quote. We concur that the site is clearly from a range of different ages, yet along with these modern looking buildings is one structure which we found incredibly interesting. Known as the Hilly Grand Tomb, like many other structures of unexplainable origin or of lost purpose attributed to that of a tomb. Yet due to the polygonal masonry technique, a now lost technology found the world over, clear for all to see, and of an exquisite advanced quality, this labeling of a mere tomb to us has been brought into question. For simply due to the method of its creation, we can state that we do not know who, when, or indeed why such a structure in the Arab Emirates was created. It is undoubtedly a small building, yet one of profound features. Thus it is a place which we find highly compelling. Machu Picchu, unquestionably one of the most recognizable ancient ruins on earth. It is a place that is found high on countless astute explorers bucket lists, and for good reason. Placed far away from modern civilization, requiring a 10 hour track along the Inca trail to reach. However, when one arrives at the site, they are rewarded with an astonishing array of ancient feats of engineering. There are many anomalous characteristics of this pre-Incan site, which although ignored by academia, we intend to explore here on our channel. One of these peculiar and as yet unexplained features is the Temple of Three Windows. Located west of the main square, this sacred temple, formed with the use of gigantic megalithic blocks, is adorned with three still existing trapezoidal shaped windows, aligned with the path of the sun, allowing its rays to pass through them at differing times of the day, brightly illuminating the sacred plaza beyond. It is one of the many inexplicable features of Machu Picchu, and indeed pre-Incan Peru, which laughs in the face of currently attested academic theory and its attempts to explain how such sites were initially built. Most funded archaeologists claim Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for an Incan emperor known as Pachacuti between 1438 to 1472. However, we disagree with this claim. Due to the exquisite nature of the site's construction, the clearly advanced levels of architecture, specifically but not exclusively, pertaining to its complex irrigation, sanitation, and drainage systems, and indeed the precision displayed with the use of such enormous multi-ton stones. These ancient megaliths were not only somehow carried to the tops of these mountaintop fortresses, but as the temple of the three windows clearly displays, masterfully cut to form the windows. Accomplishing such a refined finish to their surfaces that to claim they were chiseled out using primitive tools, we find not to be a viable or indeed logical conjecture. It is clear to us that whoever created this remarkable temple had at their disposal not only advanced highly capable transport systems, but stone cutting tools far out of the reach of the academically claimed constructors. Furthermore, present upon the stones of the temple of three windows, also visible throughout ancient Peru, are enigmatic marks left by a tool that we, the public, are yet to be informed of. Intriguingly, these marks are not only visible upon the stones within Peru, but are also in abundance at the ancient quarry within Aswan. We have in the past covered the pink granite columns found within the ancient temples of Baalbeck, transported from the same quarry to Baalbeck, a distance of over 1,000 miles. These columns, we hypothesize, link the temple to the ancient pyramids, and these enigmatic stone cut marks present at Machu Picchu, we assert, connect all three. We believe that as more detailed alternative research is undertaken upon these sites, the connections between them, or more specifically, the true creators of said sites, will become apparent as the same. Both religious and evolution theories, in their current forms, stifle this truth by their very nature. Yet thankfully, as more and more curious individuals relinquish themselves of the rigid and conformist chains of ideologies in favor of a pursuit of the truths of our Earth, the reality of history will inevitably be unraveled. Who built the temple of three windows? How did they construct such an astonishing site, built with such aligned precision, with such enormous stones? It is undoubtedly highly compelling.


All right, all right, all right. Welcome back to another video guys. My name is White Morpheus And today we're looking at the 55th ranked player in all of the NFL Would you believe for the year of 2022 his name is Joel? Joel Betonio, I'm thinking that is Italian Being that you know, I've watched a fair few Episodes of kitchen nightmares and a lot of them are Italian But they're not really Italian are they or at least they're not really cooking Italian cuisine But you know all of that and more will be revealed number 55 on the list he's a guard play for the Browns and We've got a fellow guard Wyatt teller who we've seen earlier on the list the man with the best hairstyle thus far You know what let's get into it and the myth the legend Jackson's mind all five ten a hundred eighty three pounds of them when six four three twenty of Joe Betonio's yeah, this ain't good and well I know it went through his mind. He ended up well, it could have been a lot worse It could have been a lot worse It will be second down in ten Chubb running to the right got a block cut back 35 So that's why Nick Chubb got so many yards When Joe Betonio leads the way, it's a running backs personal escort to the end zone. Oh Tell you what Betonio does as good a job as anybody when he pulls 75 right there Tell you what the Browns did have two absolutely elite running backs last year no doubt And Until you see a video like this, you don't realize why they were so elite why they got so many yards Well, it's most probably gonna be something to do with the offensive line Joe's gonna got I think is really underrated and I would imagine he's pretty high rated on this list Lyman rarely get the spotlight a top 100 debut at number 55 is an achievement for big guys everywhere I'm a guy. We need more Lyman, you know at the top of the list I think what some of the you know offense Lyman and defense Lyman do is it's pretty special Yeah, Joe Betonio out front. That's a pretty good lead blocker for you.  He gives me a fist bump because hey congratulations You played every snap this year. So that's amazing. Yeah, I would didn't even notice.  He goes. Yeah. Yeah.  I don't know man. I don't honestly I don't know if I want to be in the trenches man. I really don't I think that he's one of the best We talked about World War I and World War II this is the 2021 NFL season and it seems just as Intense look, that's no that's no disrespect to anyone out there.  Yeah in the trenches.  That's that's what we're uh respect we're about here respect Look if you're in the trenches in World War I and World War II you would be high on meth So at least that would be something Look, we're not here to talk about that but in the next video. We're talking about Jeffrey Simmons DT for the Titans top 100 players of 2022 number 54 Can you tell I'm almost finished My name is white Morpheus. Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next video. Peace out


1848 was a wild ride. That year, called the springtime of peoples, about fifty revolts of varying scale and success tore across continental Europe. It was also the year a new specter began haunting us all. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their Communist Manifesto, and the first Marxist cadres entered the lists in favor of revolution. In America, 1848 saw the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that annexed half of Mexico, the annexation of Oregon to complete the Continental Project, the admission of Wisconsin as a new free state, and above all else, an election campaign like no other. That year, the Free Soil Party tried to force wigs and Democrats to take a stand on the issue of slavery in the territories. Once and for all, politicians would have to openly declare themselves either in favor of free soil for free society, or slave territory for the planter's personal dominion. It was the first major attempt to politically limit the extent of slaveholding since the Missouri Compromise, and it was far more significant in principle. It set the stage for a collapsing second party system, first by stripping away enough Democrats to throw the election, then by exposing the great mass of wigs as political opportunists and the tools of wealthy individuals. 1848 changed American politics forever, and early libertarianism was at the center of it. Welcome to Liberty Chronicles, a project of Libertarianism.org. I'm Anthony Comegna. Campaigning was very different then. Candidates wrote far more letters than they ever gave speeches, and surrogates did most of the hard work for them. This was long before shameless whistle-stop tours where candidates voiced their own desires to gain high office. They were still expected to hold their posts as a duty and a sort of burden. In reality, of course, they lusted after power like most other politicians, ancient or modern. True enough, free-soil candidate Martin Van Buren spent much of his time furiously writing to advisors around the country, endlessly coordinating lieutenants' activities at the state level. But neither he nor Taylor nor Cass really did much campaigning for themselves. All of that happened in the editorial pages of your favorite party paper, or through a local candidate's or a surrogate speech on the stump. By the end of June 1848, nominations were all wrapped up, and serious campaigning took place over the summer and into the fall. What began as a steady trickle of defections from the Democrats to the free-soilers turned into a minor flood by mid-year. In September, one wigg paper provided readers a much-needed reminder of free-soil's actual roots. Trenton State Gazette, September 16, 1848. The free-soil movement. When the free-soil movement emerged from the state of New York and began extending its influence more or less throughout the entire union, many of our wigg friends became alarmed under the supposition that this new organization would detract principally from the wigg's strength. The result of the recent elections in the East must remove all such fears. In Vermont, the wigs have admirably preserved their strength, while on the other hand local focalism in that state has been reduced to a mere squad. In the state of Maine, the free-soil movement has resulted decidedly to the advantage of the wigs, securing them at least a gain of one member of Congress and throwing the election of governor upon the state legislature. In such states as Pennsylvania, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, and Iowa, the free-soil movement, as evidenced in the recent charge of front in many of the newspapers of those states, is decidedly to the advantage of General Taylor. Scarcely a mail arrives but what adds to the list of seceders from Cass. In Illinois, an electoral ticket has been formed and six out of the nine gentlemen who compose it are known to have been decided and influential local Focos. In Wisconsin, four out of every five who have joined the free-soil movement are conceded to be local Focos. In Pennsylvania, the leading and prominent men of the Van Buren party are nearly all men who have recently slipped the Cass collar. Stump speakers of the free-soil party in that state are local Focos, every man of them. These men are all of Allegheny County. On the other hand, not a single conspicuous wig of that district can be pointed to who favors the movement. The reason of this is obvious. The wig party has long since decimated of its own idea men by the liberty movement. The local Focos party are only now undergoing the same thinning process. Besides this, Mr. Van Buren is a local Focos who still has the sympathies of thousands of that party in his favor. While he has, at the same time, the hostility of the entire wig party for his long continued and bitter opposition towards all their men and measures. Had any well-known wig been nominated by the Buffalo Convention, the case would have been different as it is the effect of that nomination must for the unalterable nature of things draw its chief support from the local Focos party. In view of these facts, and who can gainsay them, the wigs have everything to hope for from the triangular warfare now waging. Every day adds to the chances of their success and all that is necessary to ensure a sweeping victory is firmness and energy of action during the few remaining weeks that intervene between this and the 7th of November. A month later, the same paper returned to the same well-worn message of alarm. Look here wigs and liberty party abolitionists.  Until just a few months ago, the leaders of this new party were the truest and most devoted of Democrats who dutifully lined up behind Polk when their real party demanded it. But now that they were factional outcasts since the barn burners lost the political war against the New York conservatives called the hunkers, well now they were all full of anti-slavery and other pious principles. Wig papers regularly noted something about this new free soil party that historians have nearly forgotten. They were overwhelmingly Loco-Focos or early libertarians. Yes, plenty of them were political opportunists too, but the important point for us here is not that every Loco-Foco was morally pure and ideologically consistent, far from it. The key point is that the free soil party was a proto-libertarian organization. Trenton State Gazette, October 9th, 1848. False friends of freedom. The barn burners make great pretensions as opponents of the extension of slavery. Why did they constantly support the Mexican war which was got up and carried through for the single purpose of extending slavery? And why was it that they never thought of coming out for free soil till they imagined they could raise themselves to high offices thereby? There was more genuine love of freedom in one southern wig who resisted the annexation of Texas and the Mexican war than in the whole host of barn burners. The southern wigs made sacrifices and opposed the popular feeling around them, and went against the majority of their own people and their slavery notions in opposition to the acquisition of new slave territory. While these barn burners in the north, although the Loco-Foco party kicked and cuffed them about, clung to their skirts, and could not be driven from their devotion to Polk and his war for slavery. Why is it only a few weeks ago that John Van Buren boasted that his father had supported Polk's election and Polk's administration through thick and thin, a pretty fellow? That to claim to be elected president on the grounds of his merits as an apostle of freedom and opponent of the extension of slavery. The Van Buren Free Soil Campaign was not a monolithically Loco-Foco or Libertarian party. The strong contingent of conscience wigs saw it to that. But it was stocked with established and critical radical figures like Frank Blair of Kentucky and up-and-coming younger figures like Walt Whitman. Blair was an important publisher and sometimes political advisor to Jackson, who set up a whole new paper for Van Buren, the Missouri Barn Burner. Whitman's Free Soilism got him fired from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, so he set up his own short-lived Weekly Freeman. Across the north, dozens of other stories like theirs filled the pages of the Free Soil Press. See, historians are not actually telling you the full truth of the past when they write a book. They are telling you a particular story, their story about what happened, and that includes me, by the way. We tell our stories of the past, not the revealed word of history with a capital H. So because historians do not care one bit about Libertarianism in its past, Libertarians might well have not existed, at least until the Koch Brothers or Ron Paul came along or something. We forget that Loco-Focoism was ever a thing. We forget that these people were our own direct ideological ancestors. We forget that they set up the country's most important third party ever. And we forget that our movement has had moments and hold decades of profound impact on American life long before living memory. Let me bring us back to 1848 for more evidence in my story that most Free Soilers were in fact Loco-Focos or early Libertarians. Here's a campaign speech by one of the era's most astute and beloved observers and statesmen, Whig Luminary Daniel Webster. Webster used no uncertain terms. He knew who these Free Soilers were. He knew what they'd been up to for the last decade and how they were connected to the old equal rights party war on Tammany Hall that kicked off this whole factional power struggle in the democracy to begin with. 1848. Recent events have raised another question which has come to affect very materially the domestic government of the state of Massachusetts. A party has arisen and has been organized in this state which calls itself the Free Soil Party. Now I will not say these words Free Soil Party are stolen from anywhere but the sentiment is possessed by a sort of petty larceny. Gentlemen who join this Free Soil Party in the state of Massachusetts pretend that they are better lovers of liberty, warmer and more consistent opponents of the slave power than these they leave behind them. I do not admit this. I do not think they can prove it. I think we are just as good anti-slavery men and Free Soil men as they are. Although we do not set ourselves up by a way of eminence and preeminence above our neighbors. Now first what is the history of this Free Soil Party? Some years ago indeed before Mr. Van Buren's election to the presidency or about that date there was known to be a schism to some extent in the great democratic or loco-foco party of New York. This schism increased by degrees and for many years Mr. Van Buren was acknowledged to be the general head of the party and was supported by both branches of this schism. In process of time it grew wider until Governor Silas Wright was a candidate for a second re-election to the office of governor. When some of the party denominated the old hunkers either grew cold in his support or abstained from giving him any support. And by this time the other branch of the party had adopted the name of Barnburners. This schism went on until it became an actual outbreak. A year and a half or two years ago a state of hostility between the two branches of the party but this party now called the Barnburners existed as one branch of the great democratic party of New York. Long before any question arose about the Wilmette Proviso or any opposition in that party to the progress of slavery or the extension of slave territory and up to the time of the annexation of Texas. Every member of both branches of the party in New York went straight forward and right ahead in supporting the annexation of Texas, slavery, and all. But by this time the efforts of the Whigs alone had raised a strong sentiment in the north against further annexation of slave territory. I say the Whigs alone for nobody belonging to the other party north or south east or west lifted a finger in that cause or if there were any there were so few as to not be distinguishable in the mass until the Whigs of New England, Ohio, and other middle states had accomplished a great excitement, a new feeling in the public mind. And then this position of the democracy of New York now denominated the Barnburning Party seized upon this state of excitement thus brought about by Whig effort and attached this principle to their creed to give them a preeminence over their rivals. That is the history of the Buffalo Convention. In its origin, it had no more to do with free principles that it had to do with the Masonic institution or anti-Masonic feeling of the community. It was a mere contest for power and predominance in the party in New York and now having grafted this very just sentiment upon their old creed and holding fast to all the rest of their 39 articles. They expect that the Whigs of Massachusetts will take service under them, that they will engage and enlist. I had almost said to be subsidized to maintain the predominance of one branch of the Democratic Party of New York over the other. For one, I propose to do no such thing. I do not like the service. In the final week of the campaign, Whigs worried that the Barnburners would blink come election day. When it came down to it and all of those ex-Democrat free-soilers really had to choose between their beloved democracy and their factional loyalty to Van Buren, most loco-focos would choose their party over their principles. Whigs were in a tricky spot. On the one hand, if the Barnburners got cold feet, it would mean a likely victory for Cass. And on the other, a Taylor victory would probably force a reformation of the democracy that could then seriously contest the midterms and the next presidential canvas. New Hampshire Sentinel, November 2nd, 1848. The loco-foco branch of the free soil sizzle in every state, but New York will shout the loudest for Van Buren up to the seventh when they will quietly deposit their votes for Lewis Cass. In New York, the question is about the spoils and the democracy go to the death on that question. For the first time in American electoral history, voters could now read the results of the election quickly. Before Morse's magnetic telegraph, it would take weeks for results to filter in from faraway states. Editors would painstakingly keep tabulations as accurately as possible, and eventually everyone would know the winner. Sometimes it would take a month or more, but everything was different now. Taylor won with about 47 percent of the popular vote to Lewis Cass's 42 and a half, 163 electoral votes to 127. But the shocking thing, of course, was the free soil count. Van Buren took almost 300,000 votes, or 10 percent, without having appeared on most Southern ballots. His greatest number of votes came from New York and the Barnburners, well over 100,000 of them. His best margins were in New York, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts, where he scored over a quarter of the vote in each. Free soil was strong enough to throw the vote in Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some went for Cass, but most went to Taylor. He was elected, in effect, with loco-foco protest votes for Van Buren. We know this because Free Soil Democrats outvoted Free Soil Whigs and Liberty Men in New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine, while Free Soil Whigs provided most of the party's votes in New Hampshire alone. Across the West, Democrats and Whigs evenly divided their Free Soil votes. Even if you discount the Barnburner phenomenon in New York as a factional struggle rather than a representation of Free Soil ideology, most Free Soil votes in other states also came from loco-foco ex-democrats. But historians have not bothered to write a history of the loco-foco movement, so they have failed to recognize what we now know about our own history, that loco-focoism was the heart of Free Soil. We also know that by 1860, most Free Soilers, whatever party they originally came from, were now Republicans. Historian Joel Silby has recently argued that Free Soil was America's great contribution to the revolutions of 1848. It was the first time any sort of major political outlet dedicated to some sort of anti-slavery platform had ever existed. Yes, there was the Liberty Party before the Free Soil Party, but they were always a super minority. Free Soil was categorically different in political terms. Van Buren may not have gotten any electoral votes, but there were now nine Free Soil representatives in the Democrat-led House, plus two senators, John P. Hale of New Hampshire, who once called himself an independent Democrat, and Sam and Chase of Ohio, one of Free Soil's founders and a Liberty Party veteran. It was a small contingent, and as immediate victories go, it was minor at best. But in time, that year's radical implications became clearer and clearer. Free Soil was the radical American's attempt at social and political revolution, and though the real revolution did not take shape until 1861-65, 1848 was the first major step. Locofocos of the Jacksonian and sectional periods shared philosophical commitments to anti-monopoly, laissez-faire economics, and ethics of equal individual rights, and a revolutionary Republican political order. The Free Soil revolution of 1848 determined that a significant portion of the Locofoco philosophy would be put into practice, but it also ensured that the radicals' greatest victories would be appropriated by stronger politicians and bigger coalitions. By 1860, Free Soil had exercised a great enough impact that a non-Free Soiler, Abraham Lincoln, was elected with a Free Soil platform on the strength of Locofoco Free Soil votes. Lincoln's Republican Party was never a Locofoco organization, though Locofocos participated in the long prehistory of his winning coalition, and significantly influenced that new party from its birth. We will follow the story of Locofocos the rest of the way through in due time, right up to the Civil War, through reconstruction, and into the late 19th century when those with Locofoco ideas no longer had the term Locofoco in use to describe themselves. We will see yet another period of dirty deal-making and betrayal from politicians. We'll encounter new crusades, political and military, against the slave power, new political parties, and a new party system. We'll see the death of Locofoco as a word in common use, and the dissipation of anything like a Locofoco identity. And we'll see a new generation of heroes, whose names might be more familiar to you, people like Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker. By the 1860s and 70s, what few tuckers there were left out there no longer had the word Locofoco to describe themselves. They opted for a strange European import instead. Libertarian. Liberty Chronicles is a project of Libertarianism.org. It is produced by Test Terrible. If you've enjoyed this episode of Liberty Chronicles, please rate, review, and subscribe to us on iTunes. For more information on Liberty Chronicles, visit Libertarianism.org.


This is to say that they suffer with intrusive or obsessive thoughts about biblically-themed fears. For example, they may be daily and constantly tormented by the thought that they committed the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit, lost their salvation, or lost the call of God. They may even fret about the future. Am I going to miss the rapture? Will a demon enter me, even though I'm filled with the Holy Spirit? Will God reject me on Judgment Day? Well, we should maintain a holy fear of God's judgment and live clean. It's not God's will for believers to live in torment, uncertainty, and a constant second guessing of their identity. So then, the tormented believer asks questions obsessively about these topics. But even when they receive what should be peace-giving truth on these matters, their minds find something else to worry about, how to be free. Here's at least one key. Learn to catch your worst-case scenario thinking, then allow the Holy Spirit to intercept that lie with the biblical truth that contradicts it. For more on this, see the video suggestion in the comments.


people. If you were watching Facebook this morning, you saw that I blurted out that I had a special guest today and it was a killer guest. And that killer guest is Nathan Dillon Goodwin. Nathan is in London, or not London, he's in England. Yeah, not far from Ireland. 60 miles away. And Sarah and Greg, Greg had to play for a funeral. We're very sorry about that, Greg. And Sarah decided to hop off to a wedding and kind of left me in the lurch. And I said, who would be fun to have in the show this morning? And so Nathan Dillon Goodwin is that person. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. So good morning, John Tyler and Ireland. What's that, Nathan? I'm quite far down your list. No, you're not. You're not down my list. I usually have co-hosts, so you're my co-host for today. Yay, Nathan! Good morning, Susie Carter. It's cold. Yeah, it's cold here too. Has it gotten cold in your area yet, Nathan? It's starting to, yeah. Are your leaves changing? They're just, yeah, just now starting to fall off and change colour and yeah, we're losing the heat, which is a bit of a shame. Oh, it's iffy. It's iffy here. Do you like the fall? What's your favourite season? I really like summer, to be honest, so I'm a bit, I'm mourning it already. I'm thinking, no, it's over too quickly, but I also love, I love winter when I can go skiing and be wrapped up nice and warm, but not winter in this old house that we've bought because it's freezing. It's freezing, but I thought you guys had like upgraded the house and done all of that yet, no? No, it's still the same, still falling apart, still freezing cold. But he is building a writer's niche. If you don't know who this gentleman is, I'm going to introduce him to you in just a second. Let's keep saying Susie Carter, Carter, Tommy Butt, Chris Federighiello is here. Betsy Kyle, hey Betsy. Let's see Lisa Gervais, Christine Miller, Melissa Fleischman, Steven Tomaskowitz, Judy Stutt, Pat Patricia Jackson, Donna Bauman, John Vasky, Norman Weston, and more people. Let's see Christina Corbilani, Thomas Kernelon, Kathy Nava, Donna Gerber. Oh, let's keep going. Yeah, all you people are here. And more. Oh, and Betsy Kyle says, welcome to Nathan. Oh, look at his, okay, we always talk about mugs. What's on your mug, Nathan? Some London buses. It's a cat kids and mug. It's got a nice big one for my tea. A big wampr for his tea. Yeah, I need lots of caffeine. Cheers. Cheers. And it's three o'clock where he is. So it is. If you don't know who Nathan Dillingill is, I'm going to introduce this gentleman to you because he's one of my favorite writers. And he writes books. Does he ever write books? I nearly killed myself trying to bring all of his books down today. And you see what happened? I just, I couldn't, it was hard. It was, it was so hard. I even had marks on my body from trying to carry all of these books down the stairs today to my, my office down here. So, okay, so I've done that. Let's put them back in order because, you know, I'm OCD that way. So Nathan is a writer and he writes lots of stuff. He's written historical books about some of the areas near where he lives in England. And he's also written a series of books on genealogical mysteries. And not only that, he started a new series recently called the Venator Cold Case series. And the last one was The Chester Creek Murders. And the new one, let me share my screen here. The new one is, uh, let's see, let's go big screen here, is, uh, go even bigger. The Sawtooth Slayer. That's the new one. Now, Nathan, Nathan, did you want to scare people with the cover of your book? I don't want to scare people or maybe a little bit, but I kind of wanted to give a good feel for what's inside.  So, um, does the, does the cover tie in with the, with the content? Yeah, yeah. I just, before I even started reading the book, I was like, okay, the cover scares me. There's a guy that looks kind of like the Shaman who went into the US Capitol on January the 6th.  So when does this book come out? So it's available now for pre-order on Kindle, but it's released on 28th of October. So just over a month away. Um, and that will be in paperback Kindle and various other formats with audio book to follow. All right, we've got Donna Gerber says she loved the Chester Creek murders, especially as it took place not far from where she lives. Thank you. Good job it was a fiction. Kathy Nava says she loves the book cover. Yeah, yeah. So Nathan's here and we're going to be talking on and off about his stuff as we go. But guess what? We're going to do our regular stuff too. So he is the official co-host today of the Wiggy Tree live cast. So welcome. Do you have any journals or diaries in your family Nathan? Yes, I've kept a diary for, I can't remember when I started maybe about 1996-ish, something like that. I've done a daily diary. And I've also got a collection of my grandmothers that I had after she died. And she kept hers from about 1960 something right through to when she died a couple of years ago. So yeah, I've got some. Do you put salacious material in your diaries? Well, that would be telling, wouldn't it? I think actually they're quite boring. It's more like what we've done in the daytime, you know, it's not very exciting. Got up. I kind of think, yeah, exactly. I kind of think, well, I can't make up my mind what I would want people to have in the future. Like, you know, some people kind of think they don't want to read my diaries when I'm gone. But I'm thinking, do I want that? And so I'm a bit mindful of that when I'm writing my diary, thinking someone's, you know, someone might read this in a few years time and think, what? My journal is therapy. So boo, if somebody ever got a hold of it, it would be salacious for only like three people. But do you keep everything? Yeah, so the question of the week is, have you found any diaries from your ancestors? Oh, and posted this. Oh, I picked a, I picked up my favorite one. Wait a second, where did it go? Number, I don't have any diaries, but there's a family Bible from my mother's adopted family and three of my relatives who've recently written their memoirs so they can be passed down. That's Robin Lozier. One memoir from each from an uncle and an aunt and one from a father. There aren't any in our family, but I have a bunch of letters that my grandfather wrote my grandmother during World War II. Virginia, don't forget to upvote these two people. Give these people some love when you're doing this. Virginia Field says she has a few pages from a diary of my maternal great-grandfather Ezekiel Thomas. Those pages relate to a trip from East Texas to Fort Worth, Texas by train, and then by horseback out west of Fort Worth looking for land and then back home. So it's part of a lengthy diary that somebody borrowed. Much more interesting than what I had for dinner and things like that. Yeah, I had chicken for dinner. But what would you put, have you ever been to Texas, Nathan? Yes. It's big and flat. Well, for the most part, flat. What would you talk about on a train trip in Texas? There's another scrub bush. Yeah, I had that when I was on a train going through Nebraska. I think it was a very similar thing. There was another field, another field, and another field, and another water tower, and another field. Yeah, it's like driving through the prairies of Canada. Everybody goes down into the US to go around. That's so funny. Let's see. Rick Pearson, Peterson says, yes, Diary of Joshua, Hempstead of New London, Connecticut. He has that. The diarist appears to be my ninth great grandfather. Valuable and invaluable genealogical and history information. I have diaries of my grandfather from a memoir of my third great grandfather, Bill Floyd. Here was my favorite of the day, Carolyn Cummings. I have a diary from my paternal grandmother. In one memorable entry, she glottes over the lingering painful death of the man who jilted her practically at the altar because he'd gotten another girl pregnant and a shotgun came into play. That's a very good answer. Yeah, you could probably get some fodder for some of your novels from some of this information. Absolutely. That's very interesting. A box of letters written in grandfather received while he was fighting in the South Pacific from John Faske. Hey, John, you're in here somewhere, aren't you, today? Short diary that my grandfather kept during his time in Houston, Texas. Apparently people in Texas keep diaries. 1911 and 1960, my grandmother also kept a diary of family events from the 30s to the 60s. When he joined the Boy Scouts, his dad, at age 13, received a diary in which he wrote a week's worth of events and then stopped. That's from Pip Shepherd. Where is Pip? Where is our man in the kilt this morning? Pip, Pip, you are far too absent. Just saying. See, in Ross, I have letters between my parents from 1950 to 53. They married four months pregnant. My older brother, she's not allowed to continue teaching and married quarters have been found and then she moved to the base and the letters stopped. That's indicative of something, I'm sure. Al Gore says she found a childhood diary of an aunt's in her possession that passed to her in true style. It didn't have that many entries, but a few that were an insight into the teenage aunt I never knew. Very mundane. What time she went to bed, housework duties, and friends' missions mentioned. So that's just like Nathan's diary. I'm so surprised you have a boring diary. Surely there's something salacious. I think you should write something salacious about today. I'll try to think of something salacious for you. Think of something. Nancy Freeman says she has a travel diary from her paternal grandmother, Abby, that she's slowly transcribing. That's fun. That's what I need to do with my grandmother's ones, to transcribe them. I've dipped into them to look at key dates like when her father died and things like that to see what she wrote down, but I do need to just go through them methodically and type it all out. Can you follow all the rules of transcriptions? Do you put things in brackets and make... I haven't started yet, so I'll probably make my own rules up and after a while... All the mundane stuff and kind of, you know, trying to find... I can't imagine my grandmother would have written anything salacious to be honest. Oh really? Oh, I couldn't have thought about it about my grandmother till I started doing some research. Woo doggy! I have my... Nancy Woodward says she has her paternal grandmother's diaries from 1925 until 1953. That's crazy. That's really crazy. And then Roger Strong has some reprints of family diaries that I particularly like. A compilation that my grandfather did of the daily action reports of the field artillery battalion that he commanded in Sicily in France during World War II. Wow. Yeah, that's craziness. I also have letters home to my grandmother, and he was in charge of censoring his own letters, so he did very little editing. That's funny. Let's see, Anand Sharkley. Sharky says my great grandfather by adoption died in his early 30s with TV. He was a plate layer on the railroad. He was also a keen gardener and bird watcher. A diary presumed to be his was found recently with my aunt who was moving into a shelter accommodation, and the entries include how far he had cycled to work, which birds he had spotted, and where and when to cut back from sanctum plants. That just is so exciting. That was from Anand Sharkley. Paige Colt says I have my grandmother's diaries from when she was a young woman. She wrote that she and my grandfather left their wedding reception through a window, through a window. I can't imagine my grandmother doing that. That's funny. Great aunt, a diary that kept for a few minutes while she was in college, a few family bibles, some family information from Stephen Sanders. Let's jump on down here, just because I want to say her name, from Fiannuala, O'Connor, just because you know I want to mispronounce something. Judy Stets is saying over here that she's got some cards and diaries. Chris Berriello says he has no diaries, just letters. Judy Stets, don't worry, Nathan, I make my own rules too. Found a diary of a cousin about an abused cousin, that's sad, and also a birthday and anniversary diary. Florian says that my third great grandfather was a painter and traveled the U.S. and wrote a diary about it, which later got published. But you haven't read it? Yeah, published. He's bought it, but he hasn't read it. Florian. You need to read it. You need to read that. That's very interesting. I'm supposed to read John Tyner's when I get to it. If I skipped over it, John, tell me to go back. I don't see it yet. Online at JSTOR, I found a scholarly paper on the diary of the 18th century George Arian the Ragman. George's wife Christina was a daughter of old Philip Grimm, as George called him, my ancestor. George spent a lot of time complaining about his unruly teenagers. He'd write them out of his will and then occasionally reinstate them. How much money could a ragman have had? That's from Jane Pepler. That's funny. And some of these people actually have journals online that you can actually go and read. Union Army in the Civil War, this is from Laura Rader. He lived on a farm in Ohio, speaks about that. He's teaching his family the farm debates, encoding my great-grandmother. That's sweet. That's from an 1866 diary of her grandfather. Then Marsha Litzinger says she's got a diary of William Ransom, a journal of Elizabeth Ransom, the Ransom and Latimer families in the sketch of Colonel Ransom and the Ransom families. You people were writers. That's fun. Let's check out the new comments down here. Let's see, Florian, so much genealogy, so futon. That's so few minutes, that's for sure. Mary Lou Morris, I have my mother's diary journal from her young sister. The diary's written in the 40s. Aunt, so a lot of people have diaries. Make sure you go through and upvote these. I'm scrolling through looking for John Piner. Thankful. Steve Lake says, thankful for a cousin and her mother when he inherited a diary and a family tree journal. That's so cool that they had that information and did it. Pat Callan says, no, I'm still looking for you, John Piner. I don't see you. Oh, here's one, the Spencer car. Yes, but it's in Croatian and I have not found anyone to translate it yet. Have you tried looking in wiki tree? We have wiki tree people who just translate. They're sitting around doing nothing and all they'll do is have volunteered to translate. I would put it a G to G question and say, does anybody do Croatian translations? I have a journal I like to translate. You might want to look into that, the Spencer car. Let's see if John Tiner shows up here. Richard Hill. My wife has a pocket journal that her grand uncle Captain Alfred Ireland kept while he was serving as a doctor in Europe during World War One. There are interesting entries up until the day before he was killed in action, then nothing more but hauntingly blank pages. That's an interesting thought, is to look at all the blank pages and wonder what went on. John Tiner, if you're the last one, we'll find it. And what is this? I love Dylan's books. Dylan's books? Dylan? I think I've read all of them, but the most current. That would be the most current was... No, I've got them backwards. The Foundlings. The Foundlings. It's on the very bottom of the stack. I'm not going to do that again. It's too heavy. Make sure you upload these people and let's scroll down here to... Ooh! Somebody actually... Okay, it looks like it's in German. Oh my word. Mark Williams. Does he say anything about it? My third great-grandfather kept genealogical information in a Psalm book. Wow. That's crazy. That's fun. Let's keep going down here. Hillary Gadsby. Where are you, Hillary? I don't have any diaries, but I know that my uncle has his uncles, my great-uncle's diaries. I have a letter from my great-grandmother to my grandfather, and my sister has some of my father's letters to our mother that she found, and I have a digital copy. I do have autograph books, as well as some pages digitized, and she has a space page. Of course, Hillary has a space page. Let's check it out. Oh, look at the signature books. Oh, that's fun. Be good, sweet maid, and all who can be... I can't even read that. Anyway, that's cool. Thank you, Hillary. You always have fun stuff. Let's keep on going down here. Chris Miller, Mary Harb, for John Tyner. We'll upvote at John, even though we haven't read it yet. I found a 1960 diary written in by my maternal great-aunt, great-grandaunt Augusta Maud Hutton, who was born in 1875. She wrote cousins' addresses in her diaries, so it helped confirm where some of them lived that I didn't know what had happened to them. She was known in Maud and died three years later. Something doesn't make sense with those numbers, but that's okay. That's cool, John, that you have that. I have my grandparents' address book that has lots of genealogical information, and then bank slips. My grandmother would be at the bank, and she would be talking to the teller about who she was, and she'd be writing notes about the teller on the bank, the back of the bank, out of the slip. Hey, Azure. Hey, Debbie. All right, so that is the question of the week, and that's fun. Let's see, where we are. Nathan. Yes. Good one. Do you have any magical connections to Middle Earth? Well, not that I'm aware of, but you're going to tell me, aren't you? I'm going to tell you. Here are Nathan's degrees. He's 28 degrees from J. R. R. Tolkine. How do you pronounce his name? Tolkine. Tolkine. 33 degrees from Sean Bean. Right. 35 from Tate Blanchett. Oh, Orlando Bloom. He lives not far from me. Well, I think now he's in Los Angeles, but he grew up in Canterbury, and he's similar to my age, so 43 degrees. We're practically twins. You're practically twins, and now everybody knows he's not at his house in England right now. But then you move. I think he just lives in LA. Oh, okay. Being all actorly, you know. But that's really interesting. Marty Freeman. And Adam and I talking. That's really good. 28 degrees. Well, it's the connections. It's not like, we can look and see if you're really related to him. 35 from Christopher Lee. 37 from Ian McCallum. Howard Shore. 28 from Liv Tyler. That's pretty close. Yeah. But 24. Your closest is David Wynnum. So we got a couple of here. Chris Ferriero says his closest is Christopher Lee. And Debbie Root says, Tate is one of my closest. Are you on first name basis? Middle Earth. I am not going to do this as well as Greg does this. So, you know, we might zoom through this so that we can just have a chat with Nathan Dillon Goodwin. Sean Bean. This is more interesting. You are. No, no, this is more interesting. Middle Earth. Middle Earth. Sean Bean. And did it say who he played? He played Foramir. So he was a good guy, right? Yeah. Yes. And since he's alive, though, he's got a pretty good profile for somebody that's alive. He went Tuckwood. Read it, Tuckwood Bean. Is he related to Mr. Bean? Broke Compliments of School and Rotterham College. Got a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Wow. Oh, but there's no sources. Well, there's a birth marriage. Okay. So they put the sources in. I don't know if I like that. I like sources just boom, boom, boom. But who's the profile manager on this? Oh, Ross Haywood. Ross. I like this profile. Nice. So that's him. And that's not a very good picture of the fellow. No, not a very good picture. Okay, let's go on to our next one here. Kate Blanchett. Let's see what she looks like. Kate. She's the daughter of Robert DeWitt Blanchett Jr. I am assuming that he's passed away. And there's absolutely nothing on her. So I don't know if you know this, Nathan Dillon Goodwin. But on WikiTree, because of the GDPR, we don't put living people's stuff up. So even though she's a public figure, we still have to be careful. And not, not cross pass with bad things and telling too much. But she portrayed Galadriel and Elf and Peter Jackson's Lord of the Ring movies. She's an Australian, but she can do, she can do some scary stuff. She was, there's a movie called Hannah and she was in that and she was scary in that movie. Orlando, here you go. So he grew up near you? Yeah, in Canterbury. Born in Canterbury. Yeah. So but you like in a different town? Yeah, I mean, I'm now not far from Canterbury. So I was in Sussex where I was born. But yeah, so he grew up there. I should pull up a picture of your current project. Which current project? Building your writer's book. Yeah. So Orlando Bloom doesn't have a lot of stuff. But he's been lots of stuff. He played Legolas. Legolas was one of my favorite people, my favorite characters from the Lord of the Rings. Yeah, mine too. Mine too. Let's get rid of him. Let's get rid of that. Martin Freeman was Bilbo. Not one of my favorite characters from the book, even though he was the main character. Again, nothing on the profiles to really talk about. I think Greg did this to me on purpose this week. Peter Jackson, the director of the movies. ONZ, that's KNZM. Does anybody know what those honorary degrees or honorarians are there? New Zealand film director, producer, screenwriter, producer of the Lord of the Rings, the Hobbit. Is Peter Jackson working, Chris Ferriero probably knows this. Is he working on the new TV show that they've got coming out? Anybody know that? Nice. A bit more in his information, but not much. Christopher Lee. Now there should be a good one on him because he has passed away. There's lots of great pictures. Oh, and as Dracula stared me to death, esteemed actor, author, musician notable for such iconic characters as Dracula, Skeramanga, Saraman, and Count Dooku. Oldest singer in the heavy metal industry. Really? Who knew that? Who knew that? So he was born in Belgravia, Westminster, London. Actually this has a pretty good, there he is from the Lord of the Rings. He's got a pretty good, who's got the profile on that? Scott Fokerson, you've done a good job. He's got some honorariums too after his stop and he's a sir. What does CBE mean? Commander of the British Empire. Do you know what CSTJ means? No, I can make something out, but no. Oh, see Christine Corbilani is 23 degrees from Sir Christopher. But she was, her mother was born in British South Africa. There you go. Order of New Zealand. Knight commander of New Zealand. Order of, thank you, Erin. And then somebody else also answered that. And then somebody else answered that again. Morgan Freeman, 40 degrees, 40 degrees from Martin Freeman. Hey, I'm doing an okay job when I'm the only one here. No offense to Nathan. I didn't tell him how to do all the comments. He has a really good profile. So thank you very much for that, you guys. That's great. I want to know if I'm related to Tolkien. Is he in the list? No. He, well, no he is, but he's in your list of... Yeah, I'm related to him. Okay, so there's, every time there's a green, a change from green to yellow, that means that it's a connection, meaning that there's a marriage or that it's a brother of somebody or it's an AJ Jacobs type connection. If you ever heard AJ Jacobs saying that he's related to somebody by their first cousin, second wife, third sisters, daughters, whatever. But we can go down here and we can see if we have a common ancestor. Let's see. Let's see. Let's check this out. No, could not find a blood relationship. Sorry. I'm so very sorry. So Ian McKellen. How close are you to Ian McKellen? Did I lose you? I did. Let me go back to you. Here we go. Ian McKellen, 37, so way far, way, far away. We're getting to your closest. Ian McKellen, Gandalf. He's quite the colorful character in real life too, isn't he? He is, yeah. He is. Was he in the movie The Dresser? I don't think I've seen The Dresser, so I'm not sure. Yeah, he was. Yeah, I think he was. He's got a good name commander of the British Empire in 1979, got his knighthood, so KBE his knighthood, for services to the performing arts in the Queen's New Year honor, uh, named him Order of the Companion of Honor. He had quite a few. Are they all up here? They don't want to have any of his honorariums after his name, so he needs to go fix that. Oh, oh, but look who the profile manager is. Does anybody notice who the profile manager is? Somebody notice it. It's Ian McKellen is the profile manager. Is it actually him? I don't know. Send him a private message. Quick. No, I know. I can't click on the name, which means that would be somebody else. Oh my God. I'm geeking. That's crazy. Okay, somebody check that out. Somebody check that out. I just, I'm so shocked. Okay, Howard Shore, composer of the movie, movie score. He's Canadian. Yes, composer and conductor noted for his film scores, including, particularly for including particularly. Now, is that good grammar? It is punctuation day. Howard was born in Toronto. Nice. Lord of the Rings, Lord of the Rings. Lord of the Rings, Lord of the Rings. Most respected and impressive trilogy of music of all time. Nice. Governor General's performing arts, officer of the Order of Canada. Nice. All right. So do they have his honorarium? Yes, they do. Not that I'm the honorarium police today. Liv Tyler. That's who I would, but if you're related to Liv Tyler, you would also be related to Steven Tyler. Yes. He's an interesting fellow. Oh, she's got a bit more. Tyler was initially named Liv Rungrind when her mother claimed that her biological father was Todd Rungrind. You can't look at Liv Tyler and not realize who her father is. I'm sorry. Yeah, they're very similar aren't they? They look very much alike. Famous Ken. I have no idea what that is. Let's look at it. Huh. Okay. That's just another website with some ads on it. I apologize to you people. And we get down to Nathan Dillon's closest connection on WikiTree. David Wenham. Do you even know who this fellow is? Who did he play? No, no, but when I just saw his picture, I do recognize him from the film. Yes. I don't. And he played Faramir. David has featured an episode of Australian version of who do you think you are? Okay. So fun. From the Lord of the Rings. Artemis Productions. Okay. So he's my closest connection, is he? He's your closest connection. Let's see what it is. So Nathan Dillon's good one. David Wenham. Oh, look. Well, there's a couple of oranges to greens. Okay. Let's see if you're really connected. Let's do that. Nope. Not by blood. Oh my goodness. Look what happened there. Wow. They all look very interesting. They look very interesting. So that's the stuff for the connections of the week. Not as much fun as Greg usually does. And there weren't a lot of names for me to trip over. We usually laugh when people mispronounce things. Aaron says that I live in here, 14 cousins once removed. So he went beyond the connections. Chris Ferriolo. I don't know what you're saying. Oh, six degrees. No, there's Judas. That's six degrees from Kevin Bacon. People are talking about being close to Patrick Stewart and how close they are to live. So that's pretty cool. So there are photos of the week. And here they are. I'm going to share a photo of the week. Here's my photo of the week. Oh, it went away. Now you found all the secrets out about me. Okay, come on. Where is it? Let's go to me. Scroll down here. There's my photo of the week. Take all my comments off. I was driving home. You all know I went to a funeral last weekend in South Carolina. And I drove home Thursday night or Thursday all day. This was the most spectacular. It was so intense, the colors of this rainbow. And it was just the bottom of the rainbow going up into the clouds. So I took a picture of it. And there's a little bit of fall color starting here. This was right at the Canadian border when I crossed over from the US. That's my fall picture. But there are more. Let's see. This is from Mark Weinheimer. Here's one of the Scowhari Valley from a scaffold set up for chimney repairs and some stuff. So where is the Scowhari Valley? Does anybody know? Somebody find that out. John Tyner was traveling on Thursday as well. I'm glad you made it safely. Alexis Nelson always has great pictures. She and her grandmother, Nellie Marvin, in Enid, Oklahoma. That's her fall picture. That's cute. What are you playing with? Some sort of toy. I'm looking for animals. I don't see any animals yet. This is cool. Joyce Bander Bogart. This is the oldest standing school house in the United States up in Ashford, Massachusetts. That's amazing. A little bit of a saggy roof. The oldest school house still standing, 1792. How old is the oldest school house still standing in London? Do you know, Nathan? I have no idea. You have no idea. That actually looks a lot like your little project. Yeah, I thought that. If you just move the door into the center. Move the door over here. It's not too far off. Let's see. Here's a spooky cemetery from Pat Miller. His great-grandfather Michael McKeel was baptized in this church in 1722 known as the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow. Now, if you don't know, the whole Sleepy Hollow story is about the headless horseman from the legend of Sleepy Hollow. This is apropos for fall, even though there are some fall colors in that as well. Let's see. Lake Tahoe in the autumn. It's all fir trees, so there's no changing colors on that one. Mark Williams. I love this one. Autumn sky, 19th of September 2022. We lost our grandson, Cade, to a rare form of cancer, and he loved sunflowers. His parents planted sunflowers in his memory in the garden. Somehow the seeds got into the remains of the surplus pile of earth and sunflowers returned every year. Nice. That's nice. Nice. That's autumn. This is an autumn picture. Daughter-in-son-in-law and my grandson taken in the fall. I'm not sure where, but gorgeous picture. And let's see. We've got a picture of Uncle Harvesting Grain. Harvest Moon this past few weeks ago, so that was good. So that is everything. We're done. In 38 minutes, we're done. Everything is done. Now we can just go and we can talk to this man about his wonderful books. I want to ask you some questions if it's okay. That's okay. Go ahead. You started writing historical stuff down here, non-fiction. Hastings at War, Hastings, Wartime Memories, Around Battle, Hastings, and St. Leonard's. How did you go from writing historical novels to writing incredible mysteries, the Mrs. McDougal investigative series, the Venetra Cold Cases, and all of your Morton Farrier books? How did you go from writing histories into that? I really enjoyed the writing process of those initial four, even though they were obviously they're non-fiction, so they were very fact-based, but I just enjoyed the process of actually writing. And so after the first one, I think it was, after Hastings at War, I signed up for a master's degree in creative writing, and so I went off to Canterbury University and did a part-time master's in creative writing, and that was when the idea for Morton first came about, and I actually started writing what would become Hide in the Past on that course. And it was quite early on, actually, that I started, I thought, you know, some kind of spin on the detective series would be an interesting read, and so kind of throughout the course I kept working on it and making changes, and so it was the sort of kind of rough draft done by the end of that period, but yeah, that's how it came about, but I just really loved the process, and loved genealogy, loved writing, so to be able to do the two is just a dream. So you were a genealogist, like a real genealogist for your family stuff. Did you do professional genealogy work for other people as well? No, I'm not that good. You're not that good, that's why you are good. Morton is much better than me. It's so funny, because when I have my own brick walls, I think I kind of, I get a bit impatient with it and kind of think, you know, my biggest brick wall, embarrassingly, is my Goodwin line, and I just think it can't be broken, it's just impossible, and then I think, but when I'm writing and Morton has to solve a case, he obviously, I do the genealogy that he has to do to make sure it's accurate, and so I really drill down deeply into trying to solve it and look at every possibility to how he would can solve this thing, and I think with my own genealogy, I get a bit lazing it. No, it's a brick wall, it can't be broken, it's not... It's done, yeah. So, okay, so when you're saying you really drill down on the genealogy, you're not actually doing real genealogy when you're writing, you're not actually doing genealogy that's in the books, it's not real genealogy, it's in your brain still, right? It is, but all of the, all of the documents, all of the methodology is all real, so everything that Morton does in the books, I do first, so whether that's just access and something, an ancestry, or if that's going to a churchyard, or if that's going to a local record office, or the National Archives, whatever it is, I do that first, so that the document he needs is in the right place, you know, in the book, how it is in real life for genealogists, and the process, so is it a microfilm, is it a ledger, is it, you know, how do you order this, how do you view it, and then what formats it in, what are some of the examples, so I usually, when I get a hold of a document that I think Morton's going to use, I then spend a lot of time taking notes and photographing, if I'm allowed, the document itself, and some real examples, and then sometimes I use those real examples in the books, but obviously, yeah, I then have to fictionalise some of the entries to suit the story, so it's kind of, it's a bit of a, a mixture of fact and fiction, but it's really important, given that, you know, my biggest readership are genealogists, I need to get that right, you know, I need to say, you know, that how you access that document is really how you would do it, and you can't access the, the 1916 US census, because it's not accessible, you can't use that, it's not there, I don't, you know, I don't go down that kind of a route, if it's not available then he has to find something else.  Yes, definitely, yeah. It would be bloody too. Have you ever walked into a churchyard and had, if you aren't familiar, Morton Farrier is the main character and the, the hero of all of his Morton Farrier mystery books, and he gets into some situations that most genealogists don't get into. My question to you, Nathan, is have you ever walked into a churchyard and been attacked? Not so far, but there's time yet. No, I haven't, he does get into some scrapes that most genealogists probably don't, he does attract trouble, particularly in the early books, I think now he's got a bit older and in the more recent books he kind of doesn't get into quite so much trouble. He just eats lots of good scones. Yeah, but I do, I mean, I don't know, I kind of get some of the characters in there, I do encounter some of those people that are, you know, there's one in every archive, that person that the grudge is handing anything over to you or helping and, you know, so, but that happens to me and then I think, well, I'm going to write that in the book then. One of my favorite books is, and your friend Robert's favorite books is The American Ground, which really has nothing to do with the United States at all. And the historic, it's a historical fiction wrapped up in a mystery. It's a lot of fun. I'll hold it back up for people. It's kind of hard. It gets shiny because of the screens. There we go. It's a historical fiction and that's one of the things that I love so much about your writing, is there's so much great history as a history writer before you've kind of taken that, you've taken that thread from your history books and you've woven it into the Martin Farrier books. Not so much the newer books, the Chester Creek murder books, but if you really get down to the Chester Creek murder, the Venator books, the Venator series are also could be historical fictions. Have you've worked on cases with the Venator books, cold cases and stuff like that. And in the newest book, it's not so much a cold case. Have you thought about tackling Jack the Ripper? No. Has anybody asked you that before? Obviously not. No. I feel like those sorts of things have been done so much to death. There are a million Jack the Ripper books. I quite like doing things where people, like you say, with the America Ground, a piece of history that is real, it's real events in a real time period and real things that went on, that actually lots of people, even people that live in that area now wouldn't have heard of and didn't know. So I tend to not be, I don't know, it just doesn't appeal to me as much. I'd like to read somebody else's book if they can actually solve Jack the Ripper or something like that. I'd be very interested in reading it, but writing it, not so much. I don't know why I'm more attracted to the less told stories, I think, for myself. The Venator series, good tackle, Jack the Ripper. If there's any samples left, we could find some DNA. I don't know if there's any DNA left, but I do think about less high profile cases. I think why aren't you using investigative genealogy on this case? You've got some kind of a sample left. Particularly in this country, we just don't do it. It's not legal, in fact, to do that, to solve cold cases using IgG, which I think is a big shame, really. We've got a little bit of a lag between us and the people who are chatting in our chat. There are about 40 people online right now. If you have a question and it'll come up before we log off in a little while, ask a question of Nathan Dillon Goodwin if you have a question for him. One of my favorite authors and a lovely, absolutely lovely person to hang out with in general. When you get hiding your past as a part of your master's coursework, and how long did it take you after you finished that one to start the next one? And your process in getting the next one started, the Lost Ancestor? Yeah, it took a while, to be honest. Like I said, I had a very rough, not particularly great draft finished by the time I finished the course, which was 2009. I then trained as a primary school teacher. I had these ideas of, I'll still do writing though. I'll write on the weekends and I'll write in the school holidays, but as any teacher knows, that just doesn't happen. You're either working on the weekends in the holidays or you're just totally exhausted. So I didn't really do too much on it and just put it to one side. And then there's another author in this genre called Steve Robinson. And I just came upon his book, I think it was his first book, and very similar type of thing, you know, a character in the modern day solves a crime in the past using genealogy and read it and loved it and thought, wow, there's obviously a market out there for this type of book. And so I went back to hiding the past, or what I don't remember if I'd called it hiding the past by then, but what would become hiding the past and polished it, edited it, did lots of work editing it in fact. And I had to be really quite disciplined because I basically set my alarm for five o'clock in the morning. And I got up and did all this editing and the rewrites just before going off to do a day's teaching. So it was exhausting, you know, like if I was still awake by half seven in the evening, then it was a miracle. So I got it to a point in 2013. So coming up for 10 years now, I got it ready to be published. And then it came out September 2013. And it was, yeah, received very well in the genealogical community. And that kind of encouraged me to do the same thing. So I started Lost Ancestor straight away, on the back of that being published. And again, I was having to get up at five o'clock in the morning, and I just thought, I can't keep doing this, I'm exhausted. And it's obviously, I am a morning person, but I'm not a five o'clock in the morning person at all. And it's not the most creative time, you know, to be getting up in the dark and the cold and just and having to just do an hour. And so by the time I started to get into it, every time to stop and go off and and do my real job. So I decided to kind of take a bit of a gamble. And I went part time in my teaching job. So dropped down to just two days a week teaching. And then that enabled me to write on those days off instead. And then did that for, I think a year. And then I think by that point, I got up to the orange leaders have been out. So the third book in the series. And then I decided to just take again, take a leap and stop teaching all together and become a full time writer. I thought if it goes wrong, or, you know, fails, I can always go back to teaching, but I haven't had to so far. Thank goodness. Thank goodness that you are going back to teaching week. Yeah. You have a comment here from Kathy Nava. She says, I love how Morton was adopted by a family member and his journey to find his father. Thank you from an adoptee. I get the sneaking suspicion that we're going to hear more about that journey and more interactions with this family at some point on hint, hint, hint. Yeah. I won't give too much way for spoiler alerts, but yeah, so Morton is adopted. And he basically, each book is a standalone case that he has to solve. So they can be read out of order, but his personal journey of discovering his biological parents, that kind of goes through the series. So I usually tell people if you haven't read any, then start at the beginning. In fact, hide in the past at the beginning, but I wrote a very short prequel called The Asylum, which is available for free from my website. Basically a taste of the series. So if you like that, then move on to the rest. And if you don't like it, don't. So yeah, so yes, see that he's kind of across the series, he has been trying to find his biological family. And yeah, I won't give too much way about that. Yeah. So that's The Asylum there. So if you haven't read any at all, you can download it for free and give it a well, it's only a short story. And that's a prequel to the whole series. And I read them all in order, all of them in order. I remember I met you, I don't know, how many years ago, and I bought the very first one. And then you came out with a prequel and I was like, well, that's just not fair to me. I'm going to read these in order. I like reading an author's books in order chronologically from when they're written because you can kind of watch how an author's voice changes and grows and how it matures. In Man O' Day, your voice has been really consistent over time, which really says something about how good an author you are that you've been able to kind of jump in as a very mature writer. So thank you very much for that. Or I've never improved across the whole.   If you want to download this, I'll post this into the link. You can go and download this. It won't show up in the, it'll show up here, but it won't show up in fate on the chat. So grab it from this, from what I just posted. It's free. And it's kind of an introduction to what, to his writing style, but it's out of order. But yeah, it's on Kindle also, Debbie Roode is saying. So this one is free. And then you can order the others from Amazon and others. Don and Baumann says, thanks for coming on. This has been really fun. It was an accident.  And I said, Nathan, I begged him, I think I sent him some Canadian beaver tails or something to try and entice him to come. If I haven't sent them, I'll send them soon. So the asylum is the first one. Let's go back to the other list. Which one of your books of the Morton Farrier series is your favorite? So for a long time, it was number five, the Spyglass file, which is set in the Second World War. Basically, it was very, very, very loosely based on my grandmother's story. So the real story of my grandmother is that she had a child in the Second World War that wasn't my grandfather's and put the baby up for adoption. And that's kind of the nugget of what this book then came from. So yeah, that was my favorite for a very long time. And now I think it's the Sterling Affair book number eight. I really like the Sterling Affair a lot. It was the most difficult to write. And I think that's why I liked it so much because it was a real challenge. And it was the longest I've ever written. So the books usually are kind of 110,000 words roughly. This was 140,000. And from beginning to end, it was 14 months of writing. It was a real challenge for me because it was so complicated. And it kind of is told in a slightly different way, slightly going backwards in order. And it was really difficult and involved lots of traditional research for Morton and DNA. It's such a roller coaster. And you have that in your notes here that it's crazy how you are so good at cliff hangers and twists within the story. And then tying them all together. You're such a good writer. I think they've figured out that I think you're a good writer. Let's switch just a little bit. Let's jump from the Morton Farrier to the Venator cold cases. So now you've kind of jumped into a hot topic in the genealogy in the genetic genealogy community by jumping into the Venator cold case series. Give us a brief overview of what kind of impetus you had to get in those. Were you trying to jump on the bandwagon or take advantage of what was such a popular thing? No, no, not at all. When Golden State Killer was captured using investigative genetic genealogy, which I always struggled to say, investigative Yeah, IGG. I was like, wow, that's amazing because I'd always been interested in DNA. And I took my first ancestry test back in 2014. Before you could actually take them in England, I had to get a kit in America sent to an American friend. She posted it to me, did the spit test, sent it back to her. She posted it off to ancestry. So I've always been interested in and when this, the Golden State Killer was captured using this technique, I was like, wow, that's amazing. And I've kind of tried to keep on top of the latest DNA tools and things that come out. And I've tested over the years, I've tested with every company and I've had family members tested. I've really tried to stay up with the advancements as much as I could. So when this came out, I was thinking, wow, I need to know more. And so I did some research and obviously CC Moore and Parabon are the main companies, but there are loads of other companies now and people out there doing this. And I spoke to, thanks to you, thanks. I spoke to Barbara Raventer and she was one of the people who worked on the Golden State case. And so I spoke to her at length and asked, interviewing her and asking her various questions of, I kind of answered the process. I totally get, I understood before I wrote it, how you would do that. But it was more the kind of, how is your team organised and kind of the setup of a company doing this work? I just thought this is something totally nobody else has written a book about IGG. They can't have done because it's so new. And as I said, we don't do that in England at all. So I knew if I was going to do a book in this style, it would have to be in America. That's where the, I know other countries like Australia and Canada are doing it as well now, but that's the kind of the cutting edge of this technique. So I knew it had to be set in America with an American team. And yeah, and it really just, I thought, I've got to do this. It's kind of, again, it's combining the love of genealogy and also bringing in really heavy DNA and then this serial killer cold case type of thing. So I thought, yeah, I've got to do this. And so that's where the Chester Creek murders came from. And book two, yeah, I'll be out next month. And so it's the same team. But this one, it's set about two weeks after the end of Chester Creek murders. So it's actually during pandemic time, which was, again, a bit of a challenge to write about. That was fascinating to look at your perspective of the pandemic in Salt Lake City. That was really fun. I did my research and I spoke to Pat Richie Erickson, who lives in Salt Lake. And so she was telling me, well, this was closed. This was the moment. And telling me all about it and what was going on. Yeah, again, it's a challenge. But I thought, actually, I kind of, I thought it'd be really interesting to document that as a period of time, because, you know, that's, thankfully, we know we're coming out of that. And I think the rest of the series will just be normal. I think it's quite interesting to have that as a bit of a period in history.  So they're trying to find a live serial killer. A killer in action. It's somebody that is actually, yeah. Yes. We're out of time. The new book is the soft tooth slayer. It will be out soon. It's ready for order. I posted a couple of links in the video if you want to go and check that out. Nathan, thank you so much for coming on and being my guest host today. And also talking to us about your great work and your great books. Again, if you want to check those out, check out Nathan dillandgoodwin.com to find his books. And we will see you next week. Just really quick, I need to go up here and check to see. We have a genealogy of a living and Newton challenge. I think that wiki tree, the highlights are up for that. You can register for Mark Hamill's new challenge coming up. You were a part of a wiki tree challenge, Nathan, Dylan Goodwin. Yes, I was. Yes, you were. It was fun. And there are some other things going on about, are you closer to Queen Elizabeth and register now. So the source of the phone is coming up the first weekend of October. Make sure you get yourself signed up. And we'll see you then. And we'll see you next week for the next live cast. Thank you, Nathan. If I welcome.