So it looks like Anamika is traveling and she will try to make it whenever she has a stable connection. Yeah, also Leon is traveling to, he's currently in Indonesia. He mentioned that he would try to be joining us but he wasn't able to control his schedule. Okay. We know how that works when you're on a blog. So we are 10 of us now in principle, I would say we could begin unless you want to like maybe wait a couple of more minutes. Now there's already a nice group of people being online with us. So also just for not creating habits, starting late always maybe then it's just also time for us to start. So welcome everybody, nice to see some nice group of people here. In today's webinar in the Trans Path Plan Project. We have Denise Fancy, and Denise is a is a graduate of our Water Management and Governance Master Program at IHC Delft. And Denise has done in the last six months her research and successfully completed her MSC thesis research that I have here in my hand, called Cultivating Change in Agro-Ecosystems, a closer look at policy and practice to support wetlands transformations in Kenya. She worked in Kenya in the Yala wetlands with the group of Professor Kittaka and Risper, who is also here with us and produced some really nice work that is worth sharing within the project team. Also because of course her work was done with the support of the project. And it's good to report a little bit back off that. That being said, I would say I give the floor to you, Denise. Let's take just a normal kind of approach. You present your work afterwards, there's time for questions. And please, the floor is yours. Thank you. Yeah. And good afternoon everyone. Thank you all for joining us and for the interest in this topic. And thanks to the chance that team for organizing this webinar and giving me a platform to really share my research. So, thank you. While I present if you allow me, I'll briefly turn off my camera and then I will turn it back on at the end so we could have a good discussion. All right. So as I begin this presentation, let me start by painting a vivid picture for you. Imagine for a moment a pristine wetland in Kenya, teaming with life and providing invaluable ecosystem services. Now envision the sustainability challenges this delicate ecosystem faces from intensive human activities exacerbated by complex policy dynamics. This is the essence of my research titled cultivating change in agro ecosystems which delves into the concept of transformation in the context of wetland social ecological systems and examines the influence of policies on their sustainability. Through a case study approach for six months I focused on the yellow wetland in Western Kenya and I passionately investigated the interplace between policies and the conservation and management of the 17,500 hectare agro ecosystem. And so today I'm really excited to share my findings with you. But before I do so, let me quickly outline the agenda for my presentation so you know what to expect. So during the next 15 minutes I will cover three key areas that summarize my research. Firstly, I will provide an overview of the research question objectives and conceptual framework to highlight the overall aim and structure of the study. Next I will discuss the research methodology I use in examining the case study. And finally, and as the focus of this presentation I will share my findings on the influence of policies on the transformation of the yellow wetland. And so I really look forward to addressing your questions during the Q&A segment at the end. Without any further delay, let me proceed to part one of my presentation. One objective of this research is to understand the influence of policies on the transformation of wetland agro ecosystems in Kenya. And in order to achieve this overarching objective, I identified three sub-objectives that allowed me to systematically explore the complex interactions between policies and the yellow wetland. And so the first sub-objective focuses on a policy analysis that assesses transformation prospects. The second was to investigate local level practices and their impact on higher level policy making. The third aimed at identifying lessons and recommendations for transformation pathways planning. In this context, the main research question guiding my study is what influence do policies on wetlands conservation and management have on the transformation of wetland agro ecosystems. So now moving on to the conceptual framework. This is a visual representation of the framework I developed for this research. It is underpinned by key theoretical concepts. As you can see at the core is the concept of transformation, which really shows that transformation is an interaction between the interconnected policy system and wetland system. And it is characterized by six attributes proposed by Fidele et al. So these are restructuring, part-shifting, innovative, multi-scale, system-wide and persistent. The addition of multi-phase as the seventh characteristic accounts for the dynamic nature of policy making, which often occurs in multiple phases or stages with each phase building on the previous ones and leading to further changes. It recognizes that transformation processes involve iterative cycles of learning, experimentation and adaptation. Building upon this, this framework also incorporates the concept of top down and bottom up policy making, as indicated by the blue arrows in the diagram, where policy actions in one system really influences the other system and vice versa. So I will now provide an overview of the research methodology I use for this qualitative study. To address the research questions, I conducted a policy analysis, which was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, I use a multi-dimensional approach to assess separately the context, content, processes and actors involved in policy making in both systems. And then in the second phase, I evaluated content of the county level policy to assess the potential for affecting transformation in the YALA wetland. And to support this policy analysis, I utilized four qualitative data collection methods. And in the first instance, I did a literature review on the concept of transformation and the role of policy. And that was really the starting point. Then I completed a document analysis focusing on the formal policy. For primary data collection, I carried out a field study in Kenya, where I administered semi-structured interviews with key performance, key informants, sorry, and conducted a field observation of the YALA wetland itself. So with the data collection completed, I proceeded to analyze the findings, which I will now present in the next slide. So the analysis reveals several key insights about the policy's social ecological system as it relates to policy for conservation and management of the YALA wetland. So it became apparent very early on that the dynamics within and between the policy and the wetland system create a number of forces which have hindered transformation towards sustainability. I therefore recognize that any attempt to balance conservation with socioeconomic objectives is likely to be in what I would refer to as a tug of war with clashing interests. And here I'm talking about politics, community needs, development, and even natural events over which one will have a stronger influence on policy decisions. So politics as a clashing interest. From the literature review, Paterson et al argued that politics interfere with every aspect of policymaking for transformations. In this case study, I recognize that there are notable similarities of politics affecting policymaking processes in the YALA wetland. This was largely indicated by the decades of conflicts over natural resources and the delays in policymaking for and misalignment with environmental sustainability. In the report I shared rich accounts of interviewees talking about the influence of politics on the policymaking processes. And I really share these to highlight that escaping politics in pursuit of conservation toward a balanced social ecological transformation is really on unlikely feet. Because as long as they are those who are pro conservation being powerfully opposed by those against the battle with politics will persist. Then they are community needs which have also taken priority over conservation and restoration of the YALA wetland. This was evident in several instances. For example, the widespread agricultural land conversion by local residents and the over exploitation of the ecosystem resources. However, based on my field observation, it would appear that the most persistent reason for community needs taking priority over conservation and restoration is that basic human needs are not being met in these settlements, which really leaves no room for prioritizing conservation. And so one could really imagine that faced with poverty, conservation does not share the same urgency. The need for amplifying conservation and ecosystem restoration towards sustainability also contends with the forces of foreign investments and large scale development projects. In the case study this was seemingly the biggest challenge preventing a sustainable transformation. As these powerful policy alternatives appear more attractive to government authorities than the incentives to seriously pursue wetlands conservation and management. Among other reasons, this was made obvious from the ongoing government approved land conversion by agro investors. And the power relation that exists among the government actors, the investors and the community members really showed that actors have a lot of power to influence the policy processes and steer top down decisions largely to their benefit in reclaiming more and more land for commercial agricultural expansion. The need for prioritizing conservation and ecosystem restoration actions has also been sidelined by natural weather events. And here I'm also talking about flooding droughts and other consequences of climate change. And in the case study this has created further policy challenges and slow progress of wetlands conservation and management. Olson and Galas explained that these ecological surprises tend to occur when there is a mismatch between institutions and ecosystem. According to these actors there are tendency for people and institutions to resist change and persist in their current management and governance system, despite clear recognition that change is essential. But failing to respond to the feedback of the environment, these actors argue will only lead to more disasters and suffering. So it was clear from the analysis that conservation plays a central part of the social ecological transformation process toward a sustainable wetland. However, with politics, community needs, development and natural events having a stronger influence on policy decisions, conservation is currently fighting a losing battle in this case study. Jostling between these contenders, if environmental values remain secondary and in appropriately scale policy measures are upheld. Other wetland agro ecosystems experiencing similar power dynamics will suffer the same fate as the yellow wetland. In conclusion, I will make a few statements that quickly answer my sub research questions. And I will start by highlighting that while top down influence policy aims to strike a balance between environmental and socio economic needs. Its implementation in the yellow wetland has really led to some improvements but fall short of achieving sustainable development. The policy has not been effective in managing the wetlands ecological qualities and currently appears to have a stronger influence on urban development, which will further degrade the wetlands capacity to provide ecosystem services. There are diverse practices in the yellow wetland where multiple competing interests shape this densely populated ecosystem. The ongoing resource conflicts and collaborative land use planning processes provide an insight into what works and what does not. But it would appear that bottom up voices have not yet effectively reached higher levels of policy making with large agribusinesses holding more influence in driving policies that favor agricultural production. This results in unequal voices on the ground, particularizing agro investors over the poor members of the community. While there was collaboration in the development of the land use plan, it is really unclear if this approach will be sustained. Currently there appears to be an impact in progressing beyond the policy formulation with ongoing court cases and delays which would indicate a lack of a shared vision for wetlands conservation. There were several lessons learned from conducting this research. One of the main takeaway is that policy failures are likely to occur when simple short term solutions are selected without considering the contextual factors affecting both the policy system and the wetlands system. Understanding the complexities of transformation requires recognizing the importance of historic decisions that have shaped the context. It is therefore crucial to acknowledge and to consider this history, not only in terms of understanding ongoing processes, but also in terms of planning for future transformations. This brings me to the end of my presentation and I will close by stating that successful transformation requires a multi-dimensional approach. With inclusive decision making among top-down and bottom-up policy makers to steer wetland social ecological transformations towards a more sustainable future where a wetland and its communities can really thrive. Thank you. So I am now open for any questions. Thank you for your attention in listening to my presentation. Yes, thank you, Denise. And you stopped at the right time that my kids came home, so let's say something back. Are there any questions from online? Yeah, I have a question. Yeah. Please, I'm press I think. Wait, let me do something because I'm looking now at. Thanks for the presentation and congrats on the great thesis. Thank you. I had a question about the conclusion that you make that other wetlands are following or are likely to meet the same fate as the Yala wetland if things don't change. Yeah. But I was curious, like at least in Kenya, are there wetlands that are then still pristine in the sense as you painted it in your opening words? Or are they all kind of like the Yala wetlands already? So from my understanding, most of them are on that trajectory as the Yala wetland. I cannot speak totally to all wetlands in Kenya, but I know a lot of them are being cultivated, drained for the purpose of agricultural production. So if this continues along that path, my theory is that they will suffer similar fate as the Yala wetlands. Yeah. We have, luckily, our Kenyan partners who are specialists in wetlands online, so they should be able to tell you more if they can join the discussion and tell us more about wetlands in Kenya. I don't know if you can hear me, can you hear me? Yes, Risper. Hi, Dr. Ondeik. First, thank you very much, Denise, for the wonderful work you did and highlighting key issues in the Yala wetland. Yes. And to add to what Andres asked you, is that actually Yala wetland will stay still better than what most wetlands in Kenya have gone through because we have wetlands in Kenya, which have actually disappeared. So you wouldn't know there was a wetland, you just find a farmland, like maize plantation or vegetative plantation instead of a wetland. It is an increasing trend in Kenya and even in Uganda where you have wetland policies which are supposed to enable sustainable utilization of wetlands, the same trend is happening. So the main issue is cultivation of and sustainable cultivation of wetlands, especially within Tabsara and Africa. If you look at Tanzania, the same issue, you look at Kenya, the same issue, you're going to have the same and even wonder. Yeah. Someone asked a chat question, I think. You're muted, yeah. You're muted. So you can repeat the question out loud. So let me do that then. Hello Denise, could you throw more, could you throw more light on the differential different skills policies used for policy analysis, where there are evidence contradictions, county level or national level do such contradictions proved to be an impediment to bring about transformation within wetlands ecosystems, agro ecosystems. I don't understand the question quite clearly, can you repeat it, it was breaking up a bit in the middle. Well, maybe you can read the chat, but the interesting one of the things of course, in this case it's also that Kenya is of course rather decentrally organized with decentralization to county levels and would you see contradictions at national level and at county level and what, how does that influence many transformations at wetlands agro ecosystems also because you looked at these bottom up and top down. So, from what I understand most of the power is at the county level for wetlands conservation and management, though they are key legal instruments and structures at the national level that would guide these county level policy actions so while there's more power there at the county level, it is within the environmental and management structure and the institutional framework at the national level. So they both work as I understand it together to help try and bring about transformations. Although what I would add is that perhaps if there is more influence from national level then we couldn't get closer to a sustainable transformation. So right now it's at county level. And in the case of the yellow wetland we're seeing that there are two counties who really are in charge of the transformation process so the conservation and management of the yellow wetland would extend across the Busea and the CIA county and so they share responsibility in bringing about the transformation. But I would think that if we are improving on the legal and institutional framework at the national level we can perhaps achieve the transformation goals even faster. Yes, because you mentioned something about the big agro businesses who do have connections, also I think at higher levels. Yet at the same time of course when we think about decentralized governance, it is well argued to better relate to local or bottom up needs and responsiveness to local needs. So how does that relate to community, maybe having access to county level government and these agro businesses who have connections, also at county level but maybe also higher up. Yeah, I, from what I tell you about that. Yeah, so based on my research with the yellow wetland, we could see really how stronger government support is given to agro businesses and at times and more often than not you see a case where there's contradictions in the policy approach. So in one instance you would see government saying that they support transformation and sustainable actions within the yellow wetland, yet they are also giving strong support to conversion of the wetland. And so there's a case right now in court where more land is being given to a specific agro investor, despite the unsustainable agricultural practices it's steered towards more development and organization and commercial agricultural production, even though in the policy itself, the yellow land use plan is an example of that. You're saying they want to balance the activities and create sustainability, but on the other hand, how is the conversion of this wetland supporting that goal. And I'm not sure at the local level if there is a strong support from the government in empowering local voices, from what I can tell this is not the case. When I'm speaking to the residents at the local level, they comment on how they're not getting strong support from the local government and national government, they don't get assistance in terms of their needs and while these are not necessarily focused on conservation, it's still showing that there's not a strong relationship between local community needs and the government actors. Okay, I think Jaya and, or Jaya and Emanuele have a rather similar kind of topic in their questions. Did you also see practices when conservation and community and community needs were going hand in hand. And that might relate to the collaborative approach that is mentioned by Emanuele. Yes, there's this group called the Yellow Ecosystem Site Support Group, and they work along with Nature Kenya and they focus on conservation actions within the yellow wetland specifically. And so that's a good example of where communities are working together to bring about positive conservation change within the yellow wetland. But it is not at the scale that it needs to be. And if, and this is coming also from the Yellow Ecosystem Site Support Group, they're encouraging more of the community members to get involved so that the collaborative actions can be amplified. So it exists, but really it needs to be increased in terms of the conservation actions. To add to what I said about conservation, sorry. Go on. Yes, Riesper. Somebody was talking, that's what I've said, go on. All right, just continue. Yes, please. Okay. So to add what you have said about conservation groups within the community members. Because when we are having an interview with them, we realize that they have two voices. So when you talk to them as conservation group, they're talking about conservation of the yellow wetland or sustainability of the yellow wetland. But now when you talk to them as a community, their priority changes immediately. They're like, this place there's no, there's no equitable allocation of land for agriculture within the wetland. So they kind of shifting their, their goal when it comes to conservation of the wetland. So at times they want conservation, but as a community members which will ask them, the priority is meeting the community needs. So it's kind of, it would be very difficult to actually come up with a way in which we can, at the same time have community needs met, and at the same time have conservation. So somehow we'll have to find a way of striking a balance with the communities who speak two voices. We need conservation but at the same time, there should be equity within the wetland. Yeah. Yeah, thank you. I think I'm just wanted to say something that's I think the person that's interrupted in the. Sorry, I'm lazy type or I think I wondered how, if you can say a little bit more about how strong this community authority is in the sense that it's possible that in a community there is this initiative to protect the wetlands. But if the community doesn't have the authority to, to, to influence others, or to make to make its members follow its initiative. Then, how do you think that that that transformation to sustainability or sustainable development of wetlands can, can happen. So I think you highlighted one of the key issues in this case study, because really the top down policy actors, they have a stronger influence. And while there are some options from the yellow ecosystem site support group is it's not as influential as the government to really have the resources and the legal authority to steer the transformation of the yellow wetland toward more reclamation than sustainability so you're right in saying that are questioning the strength of the authorities at the local level. It's really not balanced and so if there is to be a change towards sustainable transformation then I would recommend that voices from local levels and be empowered to create stronger actions within the yellow wetland. At the moment that is not the case. Yes, I think I mean something a bit different. Okay, not in comparison to, to national or county actors community itself community, what kind of decisions can they make, or what kind of actions do they perform. All members to a blind, for example, pay taxes or administer some kind of title or access to land and if that is the case. How are the members respecting that authority is a question clear. No, because I, for example, I live in Amsterdam and if my municipality says under us don't work on the grass than me and half of Amsterdam don't listen to us. So they have come up with all kinds of legal instruments that go beyond the municipality to give me fines if I break those rules. It's then difficult to create something locally. There are also places where you go and that community authority is so strong that if the community authority says don't do it, people don't do it they listen or they follow that authority, more than the national one. So how, what happens locally that communities can contribute to that transformation that you. That's a tough question for me. Risper, would you be able to help me here. When it comes to like when it comes to land in Kenya, let's select the wetland itself. The wetland in real sense belongs to the community. In reality, because it's said that the wetland is a community land, but in reality, since the wetland has not been written down or has a law has not been passed that the wetland belongs to the community. The wetland now belongs to the county government. Right. So, in most cases, the county government would decide what activities and how the land within the wetland should be used. And also, the national authorities like dozens dealing with the environment and water looks on the quantity of water how it's being extracted within the wetland. The community per se, I will say that they have a responsibility or a legal responsibility within the wetland apart from just the general one of the environment that you should conserve the environment around you, but they don't have a real voice when it comes to how the wetland should be used. Because even those who have the wetlands, their lands close the wetland they're using the wetland illegally. Because you cannot say that the wetland belongs to you. Yes, you are cultivating it for advocacy or whatever, but it doesn't belong to you. So, they don't have title deeds but there are some places in Kenya where people have enforced the wetland and through bogus ways or two illegalities they have obtained title deed so they can actually tell you how we can use this part of the wetland and they can actually influence policies within those areas but that is also legally acquired title deeds. But when it comes to users like extracting papyrus, that is now a public good, you can have papyrus from a wetland, you can get water from a wetland for community use. But if you want to use it now for commercial use, you'll have to go through authorities which will give you a line sense on how much you can extract from a wetland. But generally the communities do not have a voice on how to use the wetland. Can I ask another question now? If I understood you, there are cases where communities legally or not have sort of obtained a title deed or title document about a particular wetland so that the community is the sort of the owner, if we can say that. Actually it is not the community but an individual. Let's say like you somehow you found a way of getting a piece of a wetland so it's just you know the community. Because then I thought it would be interesting to see what differences in terms of initiatives to conserve it from a local perspective. If the community actually had a stake there as a collective, which it seems that they have not. It will be a different world game if the community actually have a stake in the wetland legally. Then they could actually have a voice on saying that we can conserve this amount of the wetland but right now it's just through, let me say formal engagement that the community like the land use plan within the wetland. They say that the community were engaged, which is required by the law, and they say that this is the amount of the wetland we should be used for agriculture, this one will be conserved. But in real sense, that is what is written in the document but in the real sense, politics has taken over and the people were being prioritized, like the private investors were being prioritized by the utilization of the wetland and the community are now left out. That's exactly what they're fighting for. For example, the Lake Canabole community, they really want a bigger area within the yellow wetland so that they can really use it for the benefit of the community. And so that's one of the issues they have with the agro investor being allotted all this land and they're saying by the time the lease is off what will be left there for them. There's nothing for to be conserved at the end of that lease. So yeah, they don't really have the power. They just have to accept and be involved in the policymaking process as much as they are allowed by the government. Yeah, it's then also not per se sense that these community members would like to conserve and preserve it the wetland they would at the same time maybe also want to reclaim it for agricultural production. That's exactly it. So what is I think interesting is then then it becomes a local political issue because then you have like part of the community that wants to that has that initiative that Denise just explained and others might have different ideas. But but now they are kind of circumventing the community authority to what level it exists and the initiative because they can just talk to national politicians. Yeah. But there are the cases in Latin America where you need community consent before you can give land away for whatever kind of land use that is not already there. And that also like prevents these things from happening. Maybe, but not a case. But it's a nice bridge as well to the question of Gittima, Gittima. Did you, did you also include the perspective of policymakers at all levels towards wetlands conservation so maybe this is more maybe what is then the perspective of higher level policymakers and maybe because you I think also talk with people from the National Environmental Management Authority. So how are they looking at this. What is their perspective on their wetland conservation so what maybe needs to be done for a more sustainable transformation. So what I noticed that all levels of policy making was that they were multiple perspectives. If we're talking about the Neema, there are at national and sub national levels. Maybe in the legal requirement that there is a need to do a environmental impact assessment every time a proposed project is, is being considered, but at times, that is not the case it doesn't happen always. And so, on one side you'll have the perspective of Neema saying this needs to be prioritized this needs to happen conservation is important and we need to protect our environment. But on the other hand, based on the interviews I've had it's in some instances, even though they are recommending that the project doesn't proceed, then an approval is granted either way at the national level. From Neema itself so there's two perspective depending on the level of politics in it. And that exists and for all policy doctors all groups of policy doctors have noticed so even at the community level you'll have those who are in support of conservation and those who are really looking out for their individual or a group benefits and which is not in alignment with conservation. Yes, I did interview and considered all levels of policy doctors from top down to bottom up. I'm not sure if that answers the question, but maybe you could tell me what part is still needing clarity. I think it's fair, a fair answer to the question but, well, although I'm not sure I am the one to judge. But would you as so in you mentioned also in your framework on transformations and how this restructuring multi skill project and etc etc. But that that other part system system wide that there is not a system wide idea of what is the desired. situation for such a wetland. So that different different departments from different or line agencies from different ministries different policy domains from agriculture to nature conservation, etc, who all have different ideas about the use of this weapons but also within at a local level within the community that there is some community members also want to convert to agricultural production and use of the wetlands others might want to conserve because it enables them for fisheries I don't know which have to sustain their livelihood, but that there is simply no agreed kind of idea about what would be the ideal situation for, or a sustainable use of the system and therefore there is a scattered kind of development. What was the question. I don't think there is actually. Yeah, there's no shared vision absolutely that's the conclusion I drew from all of this, it would be good if there is and which is why at the end I really recommend that all policy actors find a way to collaborate more and come up with some solution that is giving benefits to some will all actors but really prioritizing conservation, because right now everybody's just using the yellow wetland for whatever personal gains, and that is dominated at the moment by the investors who are really supported by the top down top up the government after sorry. Some of your vision. Can I can I have a. I'm curious about something related. Yeah, we're talking about wetlands. I don't know Kenya, but in Kenya you also have national parks. I think grasslands or range lands forests. Are all of these in the hands of the state. So are all of these in the hands of this all public property, or do communities or, or tribes or something have, have a kind of claim over that. And a kind of decision making power. The belief from the community is that it's community land but in actuality. I'm not sure that that's really the case risk or can more speak to the other wetlands. Maybe. Generally define the wetland widely including the lakes and the rivers and the yalla the matches and everything else in the national parks, maybe. The land. Let's say like, like mature doesn't belong to the community living close to like Victoria. Generally, it belongs to the government. So most land, if it is not a privately owned land, it belongs to the government. So the community can stay close to it, but it doesn't mean that it belongs to them. Legally. But they can benefit from it, because somehow it belongs in their land. So somehow they can benefit from the activity. They should benefit, not they can, they should benefit from the activity is which are taking place within those wetlands. For instance, if there's an investor in the wetland, like the yellow wetland, a private investor, which has been brought by the government, the government or the county government should ensure that the community around that area, benefit in terms of jobs, or incentive something like that. That is what should be but at times it's not the case. Yeah. The Yala ecosystem site support group were sharing their story about how they don't really feel that they're benefiting from the current agro investor. And they were speaking specifically in terms of the sugar cane production and how the agro investor brings in their own workers and then the, the cane is processed at mills that are located outside of the community. And it's not really benefiting them so they feel like they're being robbed. And it's community land, as they see it, but they're not really getting any major gains from it. So generally land in Kenya doesn't belong to somebody but you can use it but it doesn't belong to you. For a water body, it belongs to the government. To the government. So is it the national government or the local government? I mean, that is just, I think just interesting also to compare across cases. I would say national. Yeah, generally it belongs to the national government but when you come to locally it belongs to the county government. Depending on the jurisdiction, if it is discounted then it belongs back out to the government but generally the national government is in charge. Thank you. Sorry for insisting. Yeah, thank you, Anders. Yeah, it sounds a bit like a, a, a trilogy of comments. Kind of story. The public comments, the public goods that are. It is actually, in a way it is not in the sense that the effective way to avoid it would be to have either state control or private property. And the idea is that if you would give it to a collective to a community, then that would be held in common. And that would then be doomed to fail. Yeah, but now it's, it looks almost that it falls all in between. All in here. Yeah, but the question now is who is the community. Yeah, if you cannot. That should be. It's difficult to answer. Then I think that is also a sign that there's not a strong authority. If you immediately know, then, then you have come across locally established well organized that already has its root in that area organization. That can rival these other actors that you talked about. Yeah. Yeah, and, and, and then it results in these actors acting privately so it's private agribusiness but also private actors that also then claim land for reclamation and, and then you see well. Invisible hands that's staring in this case not to a sustainable kind of practice. Yeah, absolutely. We are almost at four p.m. I would like to ask, are there any final questions maybe. If not, then I'm going to thank you Denise for your presentation and sharing your work with us. We will make sure that this is also available to the wider project team so thank you very much also thank you of course to the Canyon project partners that facilitated your work. Thank you, Risper and your colleagues. I think before the project meeting in Mexico there's not another webinar scheduled but if so. Well, our colleagues will inform us about it. And in relation to deli her question, I will share Denise her presentation to you by email. Okay, thank you very much and with that I close this webinar thank you Denise thank you everybody for joining and for your interesting questions and discussion. Bye.


Hello, my name is Gideon Gadai, I work with IIM Camp Management Unit in Medigree, North East Nigeria. Through my work, I promote the inclusiveness of women in the decision-making process by including them in camp committee structures. I ensure that latrines and showers are properly and clearly segregated between men and women with internal locks in place. I facilitate and promote the installation of lights within the camps and especially around latrines and showers, engaging the military to provide armed escorts to women going outside of the camps to fetch firewood in the nearby forest, conducting safety audits, safety mapping exercises regularly in the camps. Also, I work closely with the shelter unit inside planning site upgrades to enhance the safety of women and girls on site. And lastly, monitoring of services and assistance and referral of guards to relevant service providers. Thank you.


A new hybrid temperature-responsive system consisting of polypyral, PP, layer, misoperous titanium surface, TMS, and bone morphogenetic protein, BMP2, is proposed for targeted delivery and release of biomolecules in tissue engineering, diagnostics, surface-enhanced therapy, and lab-onachip applications. The PP layer has a light-to-heat photothermal property that can regulate the release of BMP2. The PPY-based coatings on TMS are efficient for storage of BMP2 and can be tuned to release it under irradiation. The fabricated surfaces possess excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity for MC3T3E1 cells. The released BMP2 can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3E1 cells, and the TMS-PPE-BMP2 system is suggested to prolong targeted release of the BMP2 for more than 25 days, which stimulates osteoblasts proliferation. The new stimuli-responsive hybrid system is promising for targeted, localized, sustained drug release and application in bone tissue engineering. This article was authored by Svetlana Ulesovic, Nikolay V. Ryskov, Daria V. Andrejiva and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Your coca-cola bottler presents, Claudia, based on the famous play and novels by Rose Franken. Brought to you transcribed Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola. Relax and while you're listening, refresh yourself. Have a Coke. And now, Claudia. If a body meets a body, you need a body cry. Oh, how'd I ever get into this? What's the matter? You tired already? Mama, I didn't see you. That was a heart-breaking groan you just laid out. That was no groan. That was my singing. My mistake. It sounded much like a groan. Now, Mama, why would I be groaning? I just thought you might be tired of painting the porch furniture. Would you like to do it? No, thank you very much. Because if you would, Mama, I'll lend you my paintbrush. For a while. Then you are tired. I am not. I am merely being sacrificial. I see. Why should I be tired? I merely painted two chairs. I must say they look pretty good, too, if I do say it myself. And I painted the under part, too, Mama. So you have the glider and two chairs and three tables left to do. Oh, dear. Is it that much? When you're painted longer, it'll seem like even more. It's fun, though. You ought to try it, Mama. Not a chance in the world. It's chilly out here on the porch, and David will be home soon. Not too soon for me. Oh, golly, I got them in my hair.  Oh, David's not as fussy as you. Fortunately for you. Now, Mama, the furniture will look just like new when it's finished, won't it? If it's ever finished. Well, why shouldn't it be? You've an awful lot left to do, and your arm's tired already. Mama, stop saying that. Haven't you ever heard of the power of suggestion? All right, then. Your arm isn't tired. It's just limp a little. You're having a wonderful time making fun of me, aren't you? Superb. Well, then, in case you're interested, there is nothing as much fun as slopping around with a big paintbrush, and you're jealous. Have it your way. Lovely paint, isn't it? Oh, I should have worn gloves. Well, too late now. Oh, back to work. Time is a fleeting. Times are fleeted. Spring's gone, and I don't think you'll realize it, Mrs. Norton. I realize it. In that case, most civilized people paint their porch furniture in the spring. So? The reason for that being that it is in the spring that porch furniture is taken out of the barn where it has spent the winter and is once again placed on the porch. So? So that it might be fresh and give the appearance of being new, porch furniture is painted in the spring. Do I make myself clear? Yes, perfectly. What's the difference whether it's painted in the spring or not? Claudia, think. It's just what I've been explaining to you. Oh, I think furniture should just be painted when it needs to be painted. No. Right now, it needs to be painted. So that's that. But Claudia, buy spring. But nobody's going to use it all winter. Mama's going to be stored in the barn. I assure you the cow and the pig won't be the least bit interested in it. Have it your way. I am. And think, Mama, when spring comes, the porch furniture will be all ready for it. It'll come out like the daffodils. No fuss, all sparkling. You hope sparkling. Well, I don't see why it shouldn't be. All it's going to do is sit around between now and then. Oh, gee, I wish it were spring now. Because then the furniture will be all painted. Spring's nice for other reasons, too. Last year, I was having the baby. Wonder what I'll be doing this year? Taking the porch furniture out of the barn, all sparkling and painted. So get back to work. I am working. A person can just go so fast. Be careful, Claudia.  Oh, God. That's what I put the newspaper down for. Yes, but your aim's so good you managed to hit the floor in spite of it. Mama, you know you're getting more like David every day. David's not a bad person to emulate. The only trouble is you are emulating the part of him that says he does everything better than I. I could paint that chair better than you. Prove it. Just prove it. Well, now you leave unnecessary brush marks. Where? Where? Show me. There. There. On the arm. There. Those aren't brush marks. What are they? Well, the paint's too thick. So they are brush marks. What have you got against a few little brush marks? Give me that brush. So you think you'll show me a thing or two, Mama? I might. I used to be quite a good hand at painting myself. Right. Go ahead. Out. Out. Oh, my gosh. My legs are stiff. Ouch. You know, when we first married your father and I painted all our furniture, we thought we'd save money buying the unfinished kind, and we ended up with dozens of unused cans and enormous paint. But I kept the furniture until we had fun. A large dose of it. And it had to last. You didn't, Mama? I did. Now, see, Claudia, no brush marks. Are you really an expert, Mama? The trick is to go over the same spot twice, the second time more heavily than then. I'll tell you what, Mama. Listen, since you're so talented and since I'm all smudged up with paint, I'll do what you said. I'll go upstairs and I'll wash myself up with turpentine before David comes. Well, Claudia, come back here. Yeah, you go right on painting, Mama. And if you're not finished before I come down, I'll help you. If you think for one moment that's a million, Mrs. Brown. Heaven knows why. Thank you for letting you do something you've been dying to do. Claudia. Goodbye, Mama. Have fun. I'll get even with you for this painting furniture fall. Never heard of such a thing. Claudia! Claudia! Claudia! Just went upstairs, David. That's a great thing to do. A man comes home and his wife disappears. Just one little old mother-in-law left to greet you. I didn't hear your car pull in. Hello, David. Pull in all right with me aboard. Good heaven. Little old mother-in-law, what on earth are you doing? What does it look as if I'm doing? Painting. Well, that's what I am doing. My own mother-in-law whom I've always respected, whom I have looked to for advice and comfort, whom I have admired since I first set eyes on her daughter, my own mother-in-law and she's doing nothing but painting the porch furniture. And what is so terrible about painting the porch furniture? Well, it's not a crime, but who paints porch furniture in the fall? I do. Is this one of Claudia's wild schemes? I don't see what's so wild about it, David. But Mrs. Brown, let me explain. Nobody paints porch furniture in the fall. Everybody paints it in the spring when it's about to be used again. That's sensible. Then it's nice and fresh and sparkly. I think porch furniture has to be painted when it needs to be painted. Couldn't it wait until spring? Why should it? I suppose it has to wait until spring, but it seems a lot more sensible to me. Going to get all dirty in the barn all winter. You know that, don't you? The cow's not going to use it, is she? Yeah. This sounds suspiciously like Claudia's idea. There, fill up the nail holes there. Yeah. All right. Aren't you freezing out here on the porch? Well, it's a little windy, but painting is a very active business and I'm warm. Oh. Of course, every now and then the wind blows a leaf into the paint, but other than that we're doing fine. Why don't you paint it leaf-colored? I'll have it your own way. Did Claudia help? Of course she did. Those two chairs did a rather good job at that. Oh, dear, I can get under this one without getting paint on my nose.  Of course not, David. Thank you. There is nothing that is such fun as squishing around in a bucket of paint. Really? Unless it's watching someone else squish around in a bucket of paint. Careful of the brush marks, right there, ma. What brush marks? Right there. Is the paint too thick? Oh, could be. Yeah. Pour a little more turpentine in. Oh, that's a good idea. There you go. Oh, my hand is getting stiff. It is pretty chilly out here. You forgot that little spot under the arm right there. Oh, yes. Yes, I'll get it now. There, there. All right. How long is it going to take this paint to dry? Oh, dry by tomorrow morning. Yeah. Never get Fritz to store it away in the barn. Then when spring comes it will be so simple. Well, just as long as it doesn't get moldy, you forgot the inside of that slat. Oh, yes. Yeah. I really think this brush is a little too large for this. You know, Claudia, the bigger the better. I used to love to paint when young. You make that sound as if it were a hundred years ago. When young, I often thought it would be nice and satisfactory to be a house painter. And Hitler came along and I changed my mind about house painting. I'll have to rest a moment. I'll have to rest a moment. I guess I'm not in condition for this kind of activity. Hand me the brush, Mother, and I'll help you out with a few strokes. Don't get your suits partied, David. No, I won't. I happen to know how. How? Dip the brush, squeeze off the excess paint, and a smooth, long stroke. I don't think this furniture will need two coats, do you? Why should it? It's practically new. There's a stick of wood to mix the paint with, David. It settles rather quickly. No cabitzing from you, Mrs. Brown. I once painted the whole side of a house by myself when I was nine years old. Side of a house of nine. A chicken house. Well, David, since you're so talented and it's rather chilly out here on the porch, I think I'll go and wash up for dinner. Hey, wait a minute. I was just going to help you out with a few strokes. That's all right, David. I don't mind. You do it at home. Hey, now, Mama. Well, la, la, la. Hey, Mama. Mama. Time to finish and then wash up. Hey, Mother, now come back here. You can't go off and leave me holding the brush. A man comes home from a long day at the office and the first thing you know, he's got... Hey, Mother. What are you shouting about? Shouting? Who's shouting? You must be hearing things. How are you hearing? Don't come too close. You'll get paint all over. Oh, well, I don't mind a little paint. Well, for heaven's sakes, darling, what are you doing sitting out here on the porch painting the furniture? Just as you said, I'm sitting out here on the porch painting the furniture. Well, what on earth are you doing that for, David? Because it needs painting. Well, yes, it does, obviously. But, darling, who ever heard of painting porch furniture in November? Well, whoever heard of not. Well, what I mean is that most people paint porch furniture in the spring, just before it's going to be used again. Well, that's silly. That's just plain silly. Just because that's the way most people do it doesn't mean it's right. Oh, it doesn't. Of course not. Oh. Paint it down the fall. And then when the spring comes, it's all ready for use. I see. No whips, no hands or butts about it. It's all ready. It's sparkling and it's painted. Well, there's some truth in what you say. I say that porch furniture should be painted when it needs painting. Well, I'm sorry, darling. I just can't agree with you, David. It just won't look the same as if you painted it now instead of in the spring. What? Well, I think it's perfectly ridiculous. I think you should have waited. I should have waited. I think you should have exercised some self-control and waited until April. After all, darling, if winter is here, can spring be far behind? Are you standing there telling me that I should have waited to paint this? I certainly am. I'm definitely telling you. Well, I'll be gall-danged. I'll just be gall-danged. And now, David, darling, now this is no reason to get angry with me. I'm just giving you my personal opinion. I think it's foolish nonsense to paint furniture before storing it. But if you insist, it's up to you, dear. Well, I'll be gall-danged. Some programs you can get with half an ear as you dust and make beds and putter about the house. Others seem to deserve your whole attention. If you listen to either, it's pleasant to have a bottle of ice-cold coke nearby. Or a delicious sparkling Coca-Cola helps you listen refreshed. Say, Joe, if you're not busy, you can do me a great favor. Well, I really haven't much time, David. What is this favor that you're interested in? Well, now, just what do you think it is? The porch furniture. It's an awful lot of furniture to paint. And to tell you the truth, I'm getting hungry. That's all right, David. Claudia will give you a bone before you're finished. Well, I got stuck with this job of painting the furniture. I don't know. Don't you, David? That's one of those things. I certainly hope that Claudia appreciates it. Claudia appreciates it.  Well, I don't know. When I get stuck with a job like this, I often wonder, well, I guess I'd better get back to work. Well, David, don't be disheartened. Wait until tomorrow. Then you'll find out just how much Claudia appreciates you. Well, get back to that paintbrush. I'm getting. Every day, Monday through Friday, Claudia comes to you transcribed with the best wishes of your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola. So listen again tomorrow at the same time. And now this is Joe King saying au revoir. And remember, whoever you are, whatever you do, wherever you may be, when you think of refreshment, think of Coca-Cola. For Coca-Cola makes any pause the pause that refreshes. And ice-cold Coca-Cola is everywhere. This broadcast of Claudia was supervised and directed by William Brown Maloney. And now here's a word from your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola.


So we'll start with Katja. Katja changes transportation. That's what she wrote about herself. A very general error that many people make that will be going electric tomorrow, everyone. And it is going to mean that everything is great. And we can continue like we are. And that's not how it works. And the reason for that is going to be given by Katja. Katja, the stage is yours. That's very smart to have someone from Austria have the introduction for me. Thank you very much. I am giving advice to the Austrian climate ministry. So obviously it's insane that we have almost 50 million private cars and we can just change the motors. So first, I'm going to give you a bit of an input. And then I want to have a discussion with you. I'm learning every day. I like to learn. And in the last 24 hours, it's going to be quite exhaustive because of things that happened over at Twitter. So I'm happy to be here now. And what you are seeing now of the presentation is kind of where we are. And the thing that is actually terrible is that the transportation sector hasn't changed in the last 50 years in terms of climate change. So if you look more closely, does the changing of motors actually advance us? And that's, of course, true. But the numbers are also pretty bad. Households, agriculture, everyone gives their part for the climate crisis. So thanks to the CDU party, we weren't very successful.  But what is transportation? What is behind transportation? What is behind mobility? So if we look at the fact that more people own a bicycle than people that own a car, it's very interesting because it means that a lot of bicycles probably in the basement used because people don't feel safe, both in the cities and in the country. So changing the motor doesn't necessarily help. What is a space requirement? If we look, of course, shared mobility forms are winning. But in Germany, studies show that only 10% of cars are moving. Most of the time, but this is also shown by the right graphing, cars are just standing around. Most are not used during the week, mostly only on weekends. And I think we have to look at that. Why is that? I, for a long time, had a lot of anger. I have a driver's license. I've used car sharing. And I've asked myself, why are they just standing around?  If we look at it, you can see shared mobility is very much advanced also with how little space pedestrian is needing. This is the most not looked after group because this is the first thing we do as a newborn person. This is the first thing we do. And this is also a big moment for parents when we learn to walk. But it's something we have to unlearn because it's very dangerous out there. Their children, during a week, they only go from a closed room to another room because parents are so scared. So I'm not making fun of SUV parents because I'm looking at what is making them so afraid. There are fewer and fewer children can swim and ride a bike. So how did all of this start? I looked into history. What kind of mobility is cheap and uses little space? What doesn't make them more independent? And that's the bicycle. And these pictures make me smile because before the car came, the bicycle made it possible for women to move about. So because you didn't have to ask a man or your husband to be on the go. They were on the move. They carried their transplants everywhere, their posters. And this transport mode has been pushed away by more male-used transportation. And because of the past, as we said, that this started with the Nazis, also Volkswagen is out of their time. And in the past, the money-earning husband, this has been the morning traffic that's most important like going to work. And we have also reported that by building the car-friendly city, a lot of things have been demolished in order to allow cars to drive faster. I recommend discussions also in my podcast, Hermann Knoffer, in my podcast. And he talks about the virus car. And people are in the car. They are getting angry because they're not getting in a parking space in front of their house because they don't get through the traffic light. And it's strange because we're not only driving the car. And so here, this is something that we are observing also in the city centers. They have also been made car-friendly. Large parking built a motorway in the city that divides the city. And that still is relevant today. It's very hard to correct for. And we got used to that, that this is the way it is. It's not about quality of life. It's about it used to be about allowing people to drive through, which means that people that actually live there weren't the priority. And this is something that I want to address with my auto correct. So while talking just before this talk, I was mentioning that I am living about a quarter of my life I'm spending in the countryside. So people tell me if Hamburg is so much stressed, then just move to the countryside. But it's not less stressful. When I have to do something for my parents, I have to do chores, I have to do it by car. The public transportation, the buses, they've been cut back a lot. So it's no longer possible. So we are all stressed out by each other. When we are walking on the sidewalk, when we are driving the bicycle, we are all stressed out by each other. We see this discussion about e-scooters now. The another mode of transportation was added to this already small space. So of course, we're all stressed out. So people tell me your ideas are very great. But on the countryside, that's not happening. So countryside isn't really the number of people living there. It's just a feeling. It's the you're missing fast internet, you're missing good public transportation, and stuff isn't available by foot.  I'm talking about community mobility. I like to talk about that. Because when I'm on the countryside with my parents, I see how all of society relies on their children or children's children to take care of the mobility for the elderly. So the society just assumes that this is the solution. And I actually believe that we should go back to where we were before cars. Because it didn't come over us like a natural catastrophe. So now we have a lot of problems, not only climate change, but also a problem of. In interviews, I noticed that people were forced to do stuff with their car.  There's 13 million people without driver's license. There's another 13 million that are too young. So these are 26 million people who can't decide for themselves whether they want to drive a car. They just can't. So a lot of accidents are happening with young people who just got their driver's license and with the elderly, because they don't have any alternatives. They have to drive even though their health doesn't really permit it. This is my mantra. And you have to think about that. For me, this means if you want to drive a car, if you really love it, if you feel freedom driving a car, then I'm not going to change you. It's something that enriches your life.  And I also think that corona and the pandemic showed us that it's very easy to lose jobs and then we're too sick maybe to drive a car and then what happens? In interviews, people were wailing. So I'm asking, do you want to or do you have to drive? So they were only starting then to think about how their individual mobility is incentivized. So and only through my questions, they noticed this. And that's, I think, what people want us to think. But we should question this. Who's behind this? Why do we want a car? Why do we need a car and what are the things around? And the FTP, who's the transport minister now, he put up a 10 point plan for the transport revolution. He wants to put up a speed limit. And it's important to address this. And also inclusion was present in this plan.  Also with meat prices. Of course, poor people have to do their every day with the car, but it would be nicer that also a woman has told me with three kids, I don't have to decide. Do I have to fill up my car or my groceries? I think these are decisions that don't have to be done in Germany for a highly developed country like us. So how do we do this in a human form? So like Scandinavian city design, we are far away from human city design. So 50 kilometers per hour is the speed limit in cities. Humans walking much slower. We don't even recognize how a room is designed. If you drive in a city, you've recognized for the first time what does it look like to be in a mobility minority. And people in Copenhagen don't drive with the bike because they want to be eco-friendly. They have advantages. So how can we get that people don't die because of traffic?  And this, besides from every fatality due to traffic incidents, 130 people are affected. And this makes me sad because this is unusual that traffic incidents happen. And this is also happening. And this also happened in Scandinavia. Oslo has in key, they have a goal, and this is serious, and it's also achievable. What does it mean to prioritize car traffic? And also this is also something I learned from my interviews. It isn't the worst the commuter traffic, but the three-time traffic, leisure traffic. I learned about a woman that travels 20 kilometers to meet her children and don't even want to judge that. We've gotten into a situation with a car that stresses us because the everyday commute hasn't changed, but the distances have changed because the car has become faster and life quality is something for me where we have to become slower. We want to get quality locally. Why do we need to travel? Because the city is stressing us. This should also improve life quality locally for the people. And we get really quickly to this factor female mobility. And I'm not only talking about women, and I also talk about men that want to do care work, but there's also mobility back to this, the mobility of males. Mobility is for women. They have a part-time job. They have to provide women with their children. And we have to recognize that we've made steps back because of the pandemic, because we came back into old-role pictures. Also women have shortened work times, but this female mobility too, this doesn't happen statistically because it's not paid for. Because it's something we also have to allow. I don't know who of you ladies also thought, why do you have to put my seat all the way to the front? And I have this... It's not mandatory for women bodies to have that as crushed as dummies. So women, it has been shown by this book. Cars are for male bodies. I've learned this recently. This also applies to biking. In the past, there hasn't been a female seat for bikes. Women in professional sports, they have had injuries and very sensitive parts because this mobility hasn't fitted them. I think it's right to look at the majority and also from males. I've also rolled up this discussion again by the expression by Jen Esdemi. I've shown these charts. We talk about the so-called token. So we take one person. You can't see it from the slide very well. So people who have very little money have the least amount of cars. These are from the German ministry that is responsible. So they are very unlikely to create fraudulent numbers here. So if you look at the people who are threatened by poverty, they are one of the greatest groups in public transportation. So this also, the amount of money they make, they also investing into their car.  That's not true. I've been shown on several levels that people who are walking and going by bicycle are spending more money because they are staying longer. They are driving and they can see things and then stop. And in the car, it's not easily possible. So you have to go with the traffic flow together with a 50 kilometers per hour limit. It kind of makes you blind to your environment. So let's talk about solutions. The top right, you see it's a study from the OECD that four cars can be replaced by a shuttle. Autonomous shuttles exist there currently using a driver, but assume that they are always driving and they pool data. So it's possible to have people pooled into one car from the suburban area. They are being brought to the next to the next station. So this is possible to have that on demand. There's an algorithm and you have a profile. It's someone who needs assistance, for example. And then the algorithm remembers that and plans more time that you need for changes, for example. On the bottom right, a taxi in the Minster is allowed to drive without being prepared for people who have special needs. But here, if you look at this, this is the printed bus. It's parts that could be from the German car industry, but they are not doing this. There's experimental space for several levels of autonomous driving. And I want to caution against making everything digital because this subjective security is also very important. So I think if you have core competencies, such as we can reach a lot, we can do a lot if we take each other seriously. 50 million cars doesn't mean that you have 50 million people who love car mobility, but our system is completely made for cars. It's, of course, it's a safe space. It's, of course, about societal problems. I want to enable these people to be going by car. And we can reach a lot. And now this is the end of my input, and I'll be happy to answer your questions. OK, this was very impressive. I thank you a lot, Katja. This was a lot of information. I have to digest that. I have to admit, I have a question. I'm an old person. I'm 70, and I'm not really able to walk. I don't have to use a wheelchair. Hello? Katja has defaulted. I'm going to ask the question. I'm sorry, we lost Katja. Oh, now she's back. Katja, can you hear us? She happens. Yeah, who are you talking to? So, are we in school? Here we go again. Here we go again. I have a question for myself. I have a question. I'd like to go to Hamburg by train. There wouldn't be a problem. And with some money, I can afford a taxi. That's somehow possible. But if I'm poor, I already have no possibility. And if I talk to the German train, then I need help to be in a wheelchair compartment, even though I don't have to have a wheelchair. Then if the train is canceled, then I'm standing on a platform with my luggage. And I have no options to get to the point. So the solution is not really there yet. I'm not the only person who's excluded. In fact, it's a very important point. I talked to Kai McQuarrie. Some of you may know him. He's working all over Europe, and he is wheelchair-bound for over 20 years. And he says he doesn't realize he's using a wheelchair. He built himself a bike so he can drive a bicycle. And once he enters the train, he wants to use an airplane. He realizes that he's being restricted. And he said, I'm very angry. So I said, well, OK, I'll accept that. I'm optically healthy. I'm not really healthy, but it looks like it. And I'm very happy that there's a lot of constructive anger by these people. And in the last TV format, I was a guest. I realized that a lot of people who are young are not looking after this, and they're not addressing this. And my book is trying to make the invitation, try to look. Don't change your mobility or car mobility, but look at those that you're leaving behind. So not everything is done on purpose. But Andreas Scheuer, a former Ministry of Transport, didn't have any women, didn't have someone who are visibly special needs. And if those things are missing, it can't work. We have a long way to go. We'll take a question from the audience. Will we need a driver's license in the future? I've grown up with a bike and a moped and with 18 driver's license. Is there still this way today? Pact, a lot of media weirdness is happening. So people are saying, well, the new generation isn't completing their driver's license. That's not true. But in the younger generation, it's still over 90%. But people are doing it later in their lives because it's expensive. It's also something you have to be able to afford. So from the interviews I did again, a lot of people didn't get the job they wanted because they didn't have a driver's license, even though they could use public transportation. But the employer said, well, that's not safe enough for us. So the driver's license is some sort of license to access to society. It's the same thing. Like if you don't drink alcohol at Sylvester, why are you doing this? What is behind it? And I believe that today we are forming the future of tomorrow. And that's especially true in the countryside. So we have to make preparations for when we are in that situation. For example, if we don't have the money, if we are not healthy enough to drive. So I realized that when I talked to the transportation minister in Baden-Württemberg, they have one hour of forced information about car sharing when they make their driver's license. So he said, it's obviously so there are some people who are completing their driver's license, but they don't want their own car. So we have to have these bridges in some sectors. Letting go of car mobility can be a real win. Are there any efforts to make a public transit more attractive? You talked about Leonor Vegevresla with her Austria ticket. She's an example. Transport agencies, they are even more in Germany. Is there something happening? So currently happening is the so-called Deutschlandtakt, where trains and other forms of transportation are being synchronized. So sometimes you go by train somewhere, and then you have to wait 45 minutes for your connection for the bus. And in my opinion, when I'm sitting on a train, it's very easy to be angry at the trains when they're late, for example. Cars who are congested, that's not as often. So there was a statistic that men from Munich spend more time in traffic congestion than with their kids. And that's one of the examples where we are so devote to us. So some people spend so much time in traffic jams, I couldn't bear that. We need civil society to demand certain things. So I was, of course, skeptical when the transportation ministry was assigned to the FTP in the new German government, because they're not very known for addressing public transportation. So back in the past in Eastern Germany, about 40% of train tracks were put out of service. And I'm always looking to Austria, and I'm somewhat envious. So I mean, it's not completely true. Some things aren't being built, for example, tunnels aren't being built, because people decided we don't need that for a climate-neutral future. So we have to re-envision where we're going. But I mean, traffic drives traffic. That's how it is. In Austria, we also, for example, don't build nuclear power plants. So this is costly, and I think this is what also helped. With the planning, I noticed, shouldn't we be more radical? Why do all schools have to start at eight? Why do all offices start at nine? Why do you have to go through the term at half nine so that my employer wants for me to go to sleep? And what's just happened here? Does anybody even think about it? Sure, the problem is that everything is fragile in the way that it all depends on each other. In the street I'm living in, I have a school. And when people start their school, I always feel for them, because small women, children, boys and girls are being forced to go very early against their bio-rhythm. So this nine to five, that's from the time of industrialization. So it isn't really related to the new jobs based on knowledge. So in the Netherlands, you have a right to home office. I think if you have 26 employers or more at your place of work, employees. And that, of course, means that the employer also has to provide you with an office. So my idea is, for example, bringing co-working spaces to the countryside. So the employers should talk to each other. How are people coming? Where are people coming from to our place of work? Can we combine them, have like one day where they all come to socialize? That would also empower people to create other forms of living together in cities. The Paris is aiming for a 15-minute city so that you end up with quarters that are healthy. And routine is very neighborhood-stable. It's very hard to change routines.  I can work, sleep, walk around, go to the toilet in a train. It also works. German trains are great. Yeah, it's not only the Deutsche Bahn problem in Germany. It's also the connections. Do we have a comfort problem? Yes. And it starts with the tables of ministries. And it also ends at the tables at home. How do I have my transportation today? It's all about routine. If you have some sort of routine, you don't have to think about it. Our brains use 40% of the energy. And we're trying to minimize the energy usage because we're all a bit neanderthals. I'm not addressing this anymore, but I believe it's clearly part of the change of transportation that we know that our cars are bad for others, but we don't care. I was next to...  What kind of consequences does my comfort have for others? The thing with the status symbol should be easy to solve, but it doesn't have to be that way, that the cars are uncomfortable. In the past, it meant that large cars are more comfortable, but the question arises... If the transport revolution happens, do cars have to become smaller or more comfortable? What happens? That's something that the market changes. So if people request it, then this is going to lead larger and larger vehicles in the cars. Smaller electric vehicles, for example, are unsupported. There's a small car, the Picolino, and with this car you have a very high position with a seat and a car, similar to an SUV. And that doesn't work in Germany because it's done by Swiss people. If we don't have any German cars in the same segment, we don't get any incentives. Then this is the thing, follow the money. There's great documentation about the diesel scandal. I think there's a good lobbyism done. And I think it's a good thing. I think there's a good lobbyism done. And how little we are questioning whether the status quo is something that's naturally happened or whether this happened because of policy. We're getting to the end. I want to ask a provocative question. We have the opinion, things that are necessary for everyday life. We should take that away from the private sector. We did that with the post or with transportation. We didn't do that with the internet. So, for example, in rural areas, the internet is very slow. Should we do car sharing? And should we take that away from the car industry? I believe that the largest problem is with Volkswagen because Niedersachsen, one of our states is... They are financially invested. And the question is how independent can decisions be in this case? So, this is why I used the community in my presentation. So, I believe that the amount of money that we have to put into cars... A lot of costs are subsequent costs. Is this also the people who are killed, unfortunately, by cars? And I don't really understand when people say... I've been living without a car all the time. And I'm wondering what's in it for me? I mean, I'm feeling like a better person, maybe, but I don't get anything out of it. And a woman in a wheelchair told me in the interview, there's devices, she can drive on it with a wheelchair. It converts it to kind of a moped. So, it costs 5,000 Euro and she doesn't get it. But who gets 9,000 Euro? People who buy an electric car? So, that's what I'm asking. Why does this person not get one of these supporting devices? That solves so many problems for her while we are spending so much money for electric cars. If you ask critically, the 5,000 Euro that this costs, 3,000 Euro goes to different channels. So, we could change that. Alright, we're getting to the end. Maybe we'll go into the break-up room. But one last question. You already mentioned it. What can an individual do to help with their auto-correction? I have to do this. I'm often involved in weird fights. I'm going to do on my website a page where you find solutions. I have made some research and it can grow. Everybody can get involved. It's going to be a public page. What you have to do is look for people who have the same opinions, who come together with you. And this has great importance for your idea of self as well. I have in my neighborhood a lot of SUVs, Range Rovers, a lot of people who work in the woods apparently. The trees are having a problem because their roots are being parked on. A small girl did a small fairy garden around this tree where people were parking on the roots. It was a dude, I know, so I can say that he doesn't park there anymore because he doesn't want to drive onto this cute fairy garden from this little girl who destroys that. And that's one of the extreme symbols I've seen where how little it actually takes to change routines. We want to have a nice neighborhood and parking on the roots of trees doesn't belong there. Alright, thank you for this talk. I'll ask for a virtual applause.


to work in this kind of environment where the local sergeant at Low Inn called Branigan who's hostile to her from the start and very sexist.  So she has all these tries and tribulations of her own as she tries to investigate the killer of the strand baby. All very plausible and all very in keeping I suppose with the heiress given that a set in 1989 and as the story goes on then she's in Derry some of the investigation leads her into Derry and she she she comes to the attention of the IRA as well as the British Army. So it's it works on a number of different levels in that there's the whole the whole mystery there's the crime to solve and then there's the you know her life as a detective and coming to Donegal and meeting resistance and you know the whole sexism within Gardie and it's so there's a there's different strands to it. Yeah that's right now I chose Donegal because I know Donegal so well my parents grew up there and I spent many summers as you mentioned but I chose 1989 as well because you know the mindset at that time was still you know like the 50s and 60s where women could be vilified for for for becoming pregnant and at one point Frankie asks in the novel you know do we not value pregnancy and birth in this country so it was at that time it's an underlying theme is you know the morality policing that's going on you know.  That's right no that's right and while there are echoes of the of the Kerry baby story and this isn't that story and you know initial similarities there are initial similarities but as I said the underlying story that I wanted to tell was how we treated women in the 1980s and you know before that of course as well. You spent a lot of your summers in Ghidoras good memories of the place not just at Port Arthur but in the other beaches and other other parts your your parents were from Ghidor and your grandparents as well is that right? That's right yes and my grandparents and a couple of years ago I started to I tried my hands as a family memoir I was very impressed with the the wise ones and novel of three generations of Chinese women and I thought this would be a wonderful thing to do so I was you know I started to do some research and in fact you know and my grandmother's on my mother's side and you know Mike I can trace my my grandmother right back to before the famine in that night didn't go further back than that but I in the end I parked that project there for the moment but I have a great interest in and when I last June I was up with my in some of my family and we we go back to you know the old places and we discussed them you know the families and so it's so like we're we're we're very embedded in in Ghidor both on my mother's side and my father's side and yeah we used to spend every July and August in Ghidor and just have a great affinity for the place you know and for the people and and you know so many have so many connections there you know and your your grandparents had the connections to am I right not one but two small shops and there was was there a homemade ice cream yet made in one of them that's right yes and that's boner and my mother sister she and she learned ice cream making from an Italian family and when she and fell in Glasgow and Scotland and and she came back and her husband died and in Scotland and she was left a young widow with a young and child and she set up a little ice cream shop in Glasgow then come back to it to bun beg and and open to little shop in bun beg in fact it was a little shop like it set into a gigantic boulder and now it expanded since that time but she it was a tiny place she made her own ice cream and it was wonderfully good as you can imagine I mean it was just it was the talk of the whole town and probably beyond and she was a lovely lovely woman and great business woman very independent and very admirable and and she worked it on and there and and my grandmother also opened a shop in London that's where I spent I was I spent a lot of time with my grandmother and then she's a little shop it wasn't quite as successful as boners and she she also did other things she did cow and had red hens and sold eggs and and you know what kind of a mini farm if you like you know potatoes she and she was also an amazing woman her husband my grandfather spent all of his working life in in Glasgow and and she she came back at one stage and and but the bungalow and in London and and we're six children there so yes wonderful women and and and great connections with Scotland you know I was very very conscious of the the connections and so she yeah she lived in London and that was my mother's idea well and in fact her but there was a brother as well that had a shop and yeah and now there's and now there's an novelist in the family and I know you've written short stories and poems in the past but now this year your first novel novel just to remind listeners there's called limbo and we're going to there's going to be more Kate Francis mysteries and I'm told that's right and they couldn't put that and contacted me and to offer me a publication they they offered me it was a three book contract and and and what they were interested in was it was and you know and more in the same genre which is crime writing and if possible the same character and I hadn't I hadn't actually talked to beyond limbo at that point but once once I got this proposal it seems the the right thing to do and I got very you know I was very excited about it and already I have started on book 2 and and yeah so it's in the pipeline not finished now let me just start it well we'll be able to follow Frankie and find out how she gets on with her next mystery but in the meantime this one is called limbo and described as fiction with an edge which is a great way to describe it more in color her thank you very much for chatting to us thank you very much for having me on the show want unbeatable value from sky here's the deal get sky broadband plus our award-winning sky cue box for the amazing low price of just 39 euro a month super fast super reliable broadband and sky


He said I do help and he on man. He told some in-depth stories about country. Yeah, because that was nothing. Jordan is committed to comedy. Very much so. And he wanted people that's like, I'm gonna figure this out. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. And for me, I empathize now. I do too, because we've had some guests on here lately. And I was like, man, I gotta do this interview because I want people to know I'm not biased. I'm not biased, but I understand evolution too. Like what you just said, you just said that you're not this or that. But in my heart, whatever you are, you're not what you're about to be as you move forward. You're growing every day. I grow, man. So when we start putting each other in boxes and saying, oh man, he not this because I ain't rocking with him, that's you being immature. Immature. Because every day people are evolving, people are changing. The person I was a year ago, two years ago, I'm not that person anymore. Every day is a new day for us to be better on this earth. I love everybody, man. I for the first time in my life, I could say that. Whereas this is how I look at it. I look at it like this. I can just, it's okay to disagree. True. It's okay to not like what I do. It's okay. But if I see you, I don't care if you got a boyfriend.   If I see you fall into that water and you buy the drown. You gon' try that out. I'm gonna try to get you out of there. Yeah. So that's where I'm at now in my life. So I'm okay with saying, oh, I disagree with that. I'm okay with somebody saying, well, I believe, you know, I believe in, I believe in our lot. I don't believe what you believe in, Mike. Okay, cool. But let's just make sure we won't let each other drown. Yeah, yeah. That's how I look at it. I agree, man. I really be honest with you. When you said you was coming on the show, man, and the phase on love and all the stuff that Ben said, I think that's the only thing that Country Wayne brought up being the way it might've been a little bit, you know, like it went a different way than I thought it would. But I was thinking about Country Wayne. I was like, man, I gotta get that dude on the show.  I said, ain't nothing but God. I'm being real. I was like, man, I was trying to figure out how to link with these people. I asked Jordan Jackson. We talked about Country Wayne on Jordan Jackson. That's another time where he really loved Country Wayne, man. Helping with the success. But then Country Wayne came and took it to a whole another level because he's dropped knowledge on me. Million dollar knowledge.  So the knowledge, and he's never, as soon as he finds out something like Jordan, I just found this out, man, you need to implement this. You need to, like he's always... There to make sure that he wants his teenage to eat and be self-sufficient.  He doesn't operate like that. He don't want you to be dependent on him. He wants you to be self-sufficient. If you need him, I'm here for you, but he wants you to be able to have your own, which is super, super great because that's what we need to teach men and our brotherhood anyway. You know what I'm saying? Teach them the formula so that they can start their own kingdom as well. He said it do help him, man. He told some in-depth stories about country winds. Yeah, because that was nothing. Jordan is committed to comedy. Committed. Very much so. And he wanted people that was like, I'm gonna figure this out.  Yes. But when he first started doing a comedy thing in Atlanta, people were taken to him and Wayne was like, you funny. This man got booed off the stage. He said, man, bro, with Wayne, he said, when I got booed off the stage and I bombed, I don't think he got booed. I don't think he got booed up. He got bombed. He said, man, when I bombed, bro, I walked backwards to get my chick from Wayne. I knew I was gonna see him again. And he said, he's like, I got my chick from him. And I just kind of, my mind was like, yeah, usually just the end. And Wayne was like, all right, man, I'll see you next week. He was like, I ain't fired. He said, man, you funny, man. You gotta just, we gonna just figure it out. That's dope, man. That's who we is. That's the guy special, man. He's special. He very special to keep on the tenacity. Yeah. You know, to keep going. No matter what. If he believe in something. He ain't trying to hear it. He don't care when, like, it's been situations where me and him, I'm like, bro, I don't think this person's, I don't know about that. He's like, no, no, they good. He believes. We gonna figure it out. He be right. He be right. He be right. Come out. Yeah, he was right, man. He just needed a little bit of this and that.