I work for the National Commission of Atomic Energy and for Instituto Balcedo in thermal scattering. So that is my first talk, what it's going to be about. First of all, I would like to show you where I'm coming from because it's too far away from here. Argentina is in South America, in the southern part of South America, in what is called Patagonia. So I have been traveling for more than 20 hours to be here today. First of all, related to Argentina, we have six research reactors that are working. We have the first research reactor in Latin America that is called RA1. Then we have two small reactors that are for academic uses. That one is in Córdoba University and the other one is in Rosario University. And then we have the RA3 that is the radioisotope producer that is located close to Buenos Aires near the airport. And that is the highest power research reactor we have. We also have a critical facility for the current reactor that is close to Bariloche. And inside the Bariloche Atomic Center, the place where I'm working, we have the RA6 reactor that is used for training the nuclear engineers. And also we have experimental facilities that are from Gamma, the NCT. We have a diffractometer and we also have a neutrography. And now we have under development and we have started building it a new reactor that is called RA10, that it will be close to RA3, that it has three main purposes. One of the purposes is the radioisotope production, then the irradiation of silicon, and also scattered experiments. This is the view of these new reactors. Here we can see the silicon facilities, then the awful irradiation test. And here we have a conutron source that will be providing these neutrons that we are going to use for scattering. And this information is explained in a poster we have outside and so then you are invited to see it. Apart from these research reactors, we also have three power plants that are working and one that is in thoughts only, but it is going to be constructed with agreement with the Chinese National Nuclear Cooperation. And also, apart from the nuclear power plants at the research reactor, we have an INVAP that is a company that belongs to the Argentinian government, designed together with the people of the National Commission of Energy for reactors that were sold around the world. These reactors are the Opal in Australia, in Egypt, in Peru and also in Algeria. So that is our nuclear situation today. That is what we have. So, in particular, myself, I work in the Neutron Physics Department at Centro Atomico Bariloche. This department was created by Héctor Altunez, who was working in General Atomics, and when he came back to Bariloche, he founded this department. The group was created towards a neutron source that is a linux that I will be talking about it in my next talk. It was a very small group, but now we are 23 people that we are working, counting researchers, technical staff and students. We are working on Neutron Physics, Applications to Contents Matter, Material Science and Nuclear Engineering. Also, at present, we are hardworking in the development of neutron scattering instruments for this new reactor I mentioned before. These reactors, just to remember, are similar to the Opal reactor that was built for Australia. So this is a subgroup of this big group I mentioned before. We are three people. We work in the development of thermal scattering kernels or thermal scattering libraries. And Rolando Granada, who is the head of that small group, he is the one that works in theory, Ignacio Marquez, who is working in the same thing, but with nuclear applications, and myself who I have been working in coal moderators, filters or light materials. So before starting with the thermal scattering theory, I think it's good to review some properties of the neutrons. We have to remember that neutrons can behave as particles and can behave as waves. So they are going to have properties from both, from particles and from waves. So as neutrons have no charge, they can penetrate deep in the matter. So they can avoid the Coulomb force, they can go in deep, and the interactions is between the neutron and the nucleus. If the material has a magnetic moment, as the neutron also has a magnetic moment, it can also happen a magnetic scattering. That is a very big advantage if you compare neutrons with X-rays or with electrons. They both have charge, so they interact with the cloud of the atom. So the interaction of neutrons is good because of the penetration. So if we consider the neutron as a particle, it will have a mass, it will have a velocity, it will have a momentum. We can connect these things with the energy and we can associate that with the energy that is related to a wave. A wave has a wavelength and a wave number. If we put all these things together, we can have a neutron with a certain energy, a certain velocity, a certain momentum, a certain temperature and a certain wavelength. The important thing to remember is that the higher the energy, the lower the wavelength. Another important thing, neutrons as free particles can live less than 15 minutes. That means that when we want to use neutrons as particles, we need to produce them in the moment. We cannot storage neutrons. So we need a nuclear reaction that can get neutrons out from the nucleus. There are two main nuclear reactions that can be used to produce neutrons. There is fission in a nuclear reactor or a spallation in a spallation source. By fission, we understand that the neutron strikes on a target. That target can be uranium-235. After that collisions, two other nucleus are formed together with energy and together to more neutrons between two and three neutrons. One of that neutrons can again collide to a new target and produce again two other nucleus, more neutrons and more energy. That is what we call the fission chain. Another option is the spallation. The spallation is produced with a high energy protons. The energy of this proton is close to one CAB. One of these protons collides into a heavy metal target such as tungsten and a lot of things are produced, but in that lot of things we also have neutrons. The big difference between a neutron, a fission and a spallation is that about one useful neutron is produced in one fission and 25 neutrons are produced in one spallation. We can get more neutrons for a spallation source rather than with the fission. Another difference, a nuclear reactor gives a continuous beam of neutrons while the spallation neutron source are pulsed. Another big difference, fission neutrons have to be moderated. They have to be moderated because they are born as fast neutrons. So to increase the probability of producing a new fission with that fast neutron to be moderated, to be speeded down and to get neutrons with higher probability of producing a new energy, a new energy, a new fission. So in a fission, in a reactor, we need to moderate the neutrons. But the big difference with a spallation source is that the spallation cannot be self-sustaining, right? A fission reaction, yes. So these are the biggest difference. Another thing that we have to remember, in any neutron source spallation or fission, neutrons are born as fast neutrons. The typical energy of a fast neutron is close to 2 or 1 MED, right? That's neutrons. If you want to use them as a particle, a probe particle, if you want to do a scattering experiment, we need a thermal neutron. So we need a moderator to reduce the energy of that neutron, independently of the source we are using. So we let this neutron to collide with the atoms of the medium and we reduce the velocity. When neutrons have a high energy, they lose energy in collisions. They lose energy up to what moment? Up to the moment they get the equilibrium. The equilibrium means that the neutron has the same probability of giving energy to the medium than to gaining energy from the medium. That is called equilibrium. And that equilibrium is related to the temperature of the medium and that's why that kind of neutrons are called thermal neutrons, right? So that equilibrium depends on the temperature of the medium. So if we want to reduce even more the energy of that neutron, what we can do is to reduce the temperature of the moderator. So in that way we get what is called thermal neutron. This energy is associated to a room temperature neutron, right? If we put another moderator, a cold moderator, we can get what is called a cold neutron that has a typical energy close to one milli-electron volt. And even more, we can reduce that energy if we put an ultra cold moderator and we get what is called an ultra cold neutron. So this is a typical spectrum, just to remember, this is a typical spectrum in a nuclear reactor. Neutrons, as I have said, are born as fast, then start losing energy. They pass through a zone that is called a Pifermal zone where the spectrum is 1 over B and then they get the equilibrium and they reach this Maxwellian shape of the spectrum. The maximum of the Maxwellian here, this is related to the temperature of the system. The real spectrum is the convolution of all that three mathematical models that were put together. So if we want to start with scattering theory, we have a beam of neutrons that collide into a sample. Most of them are going to be transmitted. Some of them, few of them are going to be scattered. What we are going to study is what happens when an incident neutron scatters with a sample and goes to another way. So we have to define the incident flux is the numbers of neutrons that are crossing per unit of area and per unit of time. This is the beam intensity. And the first definition, the double differential cross-section. The double differential cross-section is a fraction of neutrons that are scattered per second into a solid angle in a fixed direction and with finite energies between a prime and a prime plus delta a. This is the definition. You can find all these definitions in books. This is very, what I'm going to talk about is very heavy, let's say. So I'm going to show you where you are going, where are you departing and where are you getting. In the middle, you will have to believe what is done because it's difficult, right? So this is the definition. Then this double differential cross-section can be integrated in energy, defined in energies. So we can define the differential cross-section that is the fraction of scattered neutrons per second into that solid angle until a fixed direction. And in the other way, the same way, we have the double differential cross-section and we integrate it in the final energy. Instead of doing that, what we can do is we can integrate in all the possible directions instead of integrating in energy and we get what is called the energy kernels. That is the same, it's the number of scattered neutrons per second and energy neutrons and its density is always defined in this interval to the final energies. And finally, if we do both things, we integrate in the final energy and also in the final angles, what we get is the total scattered cross-section that is the total number of scattered neutrons per second in any direction at with any energy. This cross-section, this total cross-section is a quantum property of the nucleus. It has nothing to do with the size, with the real size of the nucleus. But it's called cross-section because you can compare to the definition of cross-section in mechanical, in classical mechanical. The cross-section is the effective area presented by the nucleus to an incident neutron. This is the same concept, but the important thing is that it's not related with the size of the nucleus. It's a quantum mechanics magnitude and that's why we are going to go in-depth to quantum mechanics to analyze all the processes. So the first thing we are going to analyze is we have only one neutron and only one fixed nucleus. The first thing in what we have to think, remember that we are working with thermal neutrons. Thermal neutrons have a wavelength close to two Amstrons and we know that if the interaction of the neutron is with the nucleus, the force that is going to appear is the nuclear force. And we also know that the nuclear force are short-range forces. That short-range is close to one Fermi. One Fermi is 10 to the minus 15 meters. 10 to the minus 15 is five orders of magnitude lower than the wavelength of a thermal neutron. That means that the wavelength of the neutrons see the nucleus as a point. So when the neutron is colliding, when the neutron is for the neutron, this is a point. That is what is called, that is catering as a point like. Also, as we are working with thermal neutrons, the energy of the neutrons, thermal neutrons have energies close to the milli-electron volts, 25 milli-electron volts. So the energy is too low to give energy to the system. So the catering is going to be elastic. So the catering of one neutron with one fixed nucleus is point-like and elastic. And that is the most important thing up to the moment. With this idea in mind, we can understand almost everything. So when we are working in quantum mechanics, we have a quantum mechanical system. What we have to do is to solve the Schrodinger equation. And to solve the Schrodinger equation, to solve the Schrodinger equation, what we need to know is which is the interaction potential that is taking place in that interaction. So the only thing we need to know is who or which is the potential. So we are going to do, first only for academic purposes, this simple calculation that is we suppose we are not going to perform all the calculation, but if we have an incident-way function that we suppose that is a plane wave, that is associated to the neutron that is colliding with that scattering point, when the scattering wave is a circular wave that has this shape. In this shape, what we can see is the presence of this parameter. This parameter is called scattering length. And this scattering length is a property of the nucleus. Right? If we use this parameter, if you use this information to solve the Schrodinger equation with the supposing that we are scattering with only one point, what we get after calculating, after integrating and after everything is that the total scattering is written as 4 pi with the scattering length with the square of the scattering length. That means that the scattering is isotropic. This is a constant which are the properties of this scattering length. The scattering length is a constant that depends on the nucleate and on the spin of the neutron nucleosystem. It is constant. That is really important. It doesn't depend on the angle. It can be a complex number and the imaginary part is related to resonances, to absorptions. It can be positive or it can be negative depending on the potential. It is attractive or repulsive. And the other important thing, there is no theory that can predict the values of this constant of the scattering length. These constants are tabulated, are determined experimentally and there is no way to find a model to adjust all the information about this scattering length. This is a good thing if you compare with X-rays. X-rays, we said before that the interaction was with the cloud of the atom. So it depends on the atomic number of the atoms. This parameter, the scattering length is analog to the form factor in X-rays. So for X-rays, the bigger the atomic number is, the bigger is the interaction. For neutrons, you don't know. You have to check in tables and to know how big is this parameter and that will give you good information about the scattering. Is it constant? No, because if you are working with fast neutrons, all this theory is not necessary. Because here, we are going to take into account that the neutron is so slow that it has time to see how molecules or how atoms are distributed in the sample. For fast neutrons, the interaction is totally different. This theory is only for thermal neutrons. Right? So now, we had before one nucleus and one neutron. Now, what we are going to have is one neutron that is scattering with a system. As I said before, we need to solve Schrodinger equation. So we have to think on states, initial states and final states. So we are going to call the initial state, the initial state of the neutron with the K, the final state with prime variables. The same name with the prime. The state of the scattering system with the lambda and the final state with the lambda prime. So we are going to look, we know from quantum mechanics that the differential cross-sections represents the addition of all the processes in which the state of the system goes from lambda to lambda prime and the state of the neutron goes from K to K prime. We are changing the system, the whole system from the initial state to the final state. Fortunately, we know that the differential cross-section is written in this way. This operator takes into account the number of transitions per second from the state, the initial state to the final state. Using the Fermi-Golden rule we are able to write that operator that takes the system to the initial state, to the final state. And independently of what is written here the important thing is that here we have a matrix element. That matrix element again is connected to the initial state with the final state through the interaction potential. We still don't know how it looks at potential. We are going to see that in two slides. But the thing is that the only thing that is here is the potential. So we can write this in a simple way. Here we have the information about the neutron and about the system on both sides of this matrix element and here we have information on the neutron. This is the differential cross-section. If we want to write the double differential cross-section we need to add information about the energy. We know the energy is conserved independently of what happens in the system. We know that the energy of the system plus the energy of the neutron before the scattering has to be equal to the energy of the system after the collision plus the energy of the neutron. That is always that way. So we can write, we can take profit of it and we can say that this differential cross-section can be with a delta function that takes this into account. We can construct the double differential cross-section. Okay? One important thing is that here we have defined this magnitude that is called, that is the difference between the initial energy state of the neutron and the final energy of the neutron. This is an energy transfer always talking about the neutron. One important thing is that we are going to be able to split the information on the particle and the information on the target and that's why neutrons are so good. Because we can separate totally the information about the sample. So now we have to think about that potential. The potential that we are going to use is the potential we always always happens that we don't know exactly which is the potential. We need to find a model. A good model that gives good results for this kind of catering is the Fermi pseudo-potential. This potential takes into account, depends only on the position of the nucleus and on the position of the neutron. Only depends in the difference, in the relative position of the particle of each atom on the sample. With that big supposition this is for each atom in the system we can get the total potential taking an addition of every interaction we can write the pseudo-potential, the Fermi pseudo-potential in this way. What we can see is that the dependence in the position is written as a delta function. It has to be with the neutron position and the position of each of the nucleus that belong to the system. And also, and very important here we have the scattering length of each of the nucleus that are present in the system. With this potential we can go and solve Schrodinger equation. Another important thing that we have to remember that is related to quantum mechanics is that in quantum mechanics we have magnitudes that are associated to operators that can commute or not. When that operators are not commuting the variables are called conjugate. Right? And we can go from one space to the other. We can jump from spaces of one variable to the other variable through the Fourier transformation. Right? So we can write the Fermi potential as a function of the position or using Fourier we can transform it to this variable that is there, this is associated to the moment, to the linear moment that is similar to the transfer of energy this is a moment transferred always related to the neutron. So in the same way we wrote the potential in space and we wrote the potential in the in the other space through Fourier. So suddenly we solve Schrodinger equation and we get this that is easily see that, no? Now it's not easy you can try to solve it honestly is only putting the potential in Schrodinger equation and to start solving it. But if you solve that what we get is this expression in the real case what you have to do is to take into account all the final states, states keeping one of the initial states fixed. So for one initial state you take into account all the final states and then when you get that for each initial state you do an average when you do that what you get is this equation that is called the master formula and it's the basis of the interpretation of all neutron experiments. So what we are going to do is to go inside this equation and to try to understand what is the meaning of each thing that appear inside. Any question up to the moment? So one thing that we have to remember is that the scattering elect is a characteristic of each nucleus of each isotope. Hydrogen and neuterions have different scattering lengths. Where can I know that? I go to a table right then we check that but each isotope has a different scattering length. So if we have a system we are going to have many scattering lengths that put all together will give one average scattering length for all the system and a standard deviation let's say related to that mean value right? So here it said each scatter has its own value on nucleus to another so here in this expression what we have to do is to write an average scattering length and an average v square right? So with this we are going to be able to split the scattering into two components one that is going to call coherence scattering and that another one that is going to be called incoherence scattering. The coherence scattering will be related to the mean value of the scattering lengths of the system incoherence scattering is going to be related to this difference that is related to the standard deviation right? The coherence scattering is associated to interference effects. The incoherence scattering has no interference effects. In the coherence scattering you will have a dependence in the direction of the Q vector. The Q vector remember that is the difference of the initial vector of the neutron and the final so you are going to have dependence on that in the coherence scattering and no dependence on that in the incoherence scattering. So the coherence scattering will notice the order or the structure of the material the incoherence scattering not So with this split we can what we can do is write, we can write the double differential cross sections into two components as I said before a coherent part an incoherent part we can also introduce these functions that are associated with the transformation in the, this is an energy space, remember that in quantum mechanics energy and time are related through the Fourier transform so we can define these functions that are called scattering laws one for the incoherence scattering and one for the coherent scattering that they are the transform of these functions that are called intermediate scattering functions all of these functions are relations almost the same, it depends on the variable right, so this correlation function scattering laws and the intermediate scattering functions contain the information on the structure in the coherent part and on the dynamics in the incoherence part of the sample, right this information is obtained in a direct way in the measurement of the double differential cross sections so the thing is up to the moment we thought of any system that goes through the potential from the initial stage to the final stage, we didn't care if it was a lattice or whatever, the best thing to do is the easy way to calculate is to suppose that we have a crystal we have a Bravais lattice right, in a Bravais lattice what we are going to suppose is that we have only one atom per unit cell that is the no base so we can call the position of each atom with the L this L vector and then we can allow each of that atom to move around the equilibrium position with this small perturbation to the system we can go to the previous expression and we can write the coherence scattering in this way and here important things start to appear writing these things, here we have you and me are operators that are related to the displacement of each atoms at time zero and in a future time and with the atom itself and with other atoms we have all that kind of correlations right so here in the double differential coherence scattering what we find is that all the information here from here to here is related to the sample the information about the neutron is only here this division is related to the neutron the other information is about the sample this information is also about the sample right this factor is a calculation that is related to the mean square displacement of each atom around its equilibrium position and this associated to that displacement is related to the temperature is strongly dependent on the temperature of the sample and this part is related to the creation of phonons phonons are the way to describe the normal modes of oscillation of the system the more normal modes of the systems are a way a behavior thing right so we need to invent or to create a pseudo particle the carrier of that wave that are called the phonons phonons are related to the collective movements of the sample right phonons are related to that collective movements are associated to solids but it can be used as is a Taylor expansion you can use in any system are associated in physics are associated to solids but it doesn't matter so we have here so we said we have something that this depends on the sample this depends on the neutrons this is information about the sample also is related to the temperature and this is related to the collective movements of the sample okay in the particular case that we don't have any transfer of energy from the neutron to the sample the scattering is going to be it's going to be elastic there will be no phonon creations right so this particular case of the coherent scattering we can calculate here in the double differential expression you can do this calculation and we get this expression this expression is maybe familiar to you because it's a Bragg scattering that applies not only for neutrons it applies to x-rays or to electrons it's the same expressions and the important thing here is to notice that there is a delta function this delta function means that this will be non-zero only in the cases that q that is the vector of the neutron the difference with the difference of the vectors of the neutron are equal to one of the reciprocal lattice vectors that is the definition of Bragg's scattering it only can be possible it can appear if we have an order system with this kind of thing then maybe you hear about in short orders in liquid you can have many things but in the general case the thing is that the elastic coherent differential cross-section depends on this delta function and also of course of the divide value function if you have a lattice that is not a Bragg lattice you are going to find an extra factor here that is called the form factor that takes into account that difference between being a Bragg lattice or not so as I said before the mean square displacements are associated to the oscillation modes we have the number of degrees of freedoms is equal to 10 to the 23 so instead of counting between each of that normal modes what we do is we use the density of states to describe all that normal modes that are characteristic of the sample so this density of states is a fraction of normal modes between this energy and energy plus a differential then if we write these normal modes with the density of states we can write the divide value factor in this way it doesn't matter the important thing is to remember that this divide value factor depends on that density of states in the same way we did that for coherent scattering we can do the same for incoherent scattering the big difference between coherent and incoherent scattering is the presence of the delta function for incoherent scattering we are not going to find that delta it's only for coherent scattering what we can find here is an expression that again depends on the divide value factor and again on the final creation in the special case that the scattering the scattering is elastic the expression the previous expression reduced a lot and we get a dependence only on the divide value factor what does it mean? it means that remember that the divide value factor we said that depends on the temperature of the system so at low temperatures these divide value factors goes to 1 so the lower the temperature the scattering, if this is close to 1 this is going to be constant so the scattering is going to be almost isotropic so the incoherent elastic scattering for low temperature samples is close to be isotropic so as I said before phonons can be written as a Taylor expansion of this expression right? in this expression we are going to have order 0 order 1, 2, etc so the first that is 1 is the elastic contribution the second is the first that is 1 phonon creation 2 phonon creation and so on why we write this? because in the master formula to put this Taylor expansion it is very complicated to calculate it by hand it is almost impossible the only case we can calculate by hand is 1 phonon so here we have the expression for the coherent elastic for only 1 phonon for the creation of 1 phonon this is the expression is easy but not that much so we calculate it for coherent and for incoherent another important thing is for incoherent in elastic of 1 phonon scattering here we get the density of states we mentioned before that it was a characteristic of the sample all the information of the dynamic of the system is included here this information what does the system do when a neutron gives energy to it we are going to see that in the but the important thing so it is that it is information of the dynamic of the scattering system so what we saw we saw that the scattering can be splitted into coherent and incoherent and both of them can also be splitted again into elastic and inelastic coherence has to do with interference aspects and incoherent has no interference in elastic scattering the neutron has the same energy at the beginning of the collision and after the collision it changes the direction but the energy is the same and in an inelastic scattering the neutron can lose or gain energy that is the big difference so the scattering the scattering cross section can be splitted in four terms scattering coherence no coherence inelastic coherence inelastic and incoherence inelastic or whatever they mix so we have four things we can split the cross section any questions up to the moment no questions so to sum up we see we have a neutron we have a sample we have an initial state we have a final state we connect the initial state with the final state through the pseudo Fermi potential equation and we can write the cross section of the system this only applies to thermal neutrons I was asked there if this applies to fast neutrons no, this is only for thermal neutrons why thermal neutrons? because thermal neutrons have energies or wavelengths close to the energies of the system we are colliding with this is only for thermal neutrons this is thermal scattering when we have a fast neutron the neutrons see the systems as if it were a gas so there is another theory and it is more easy to calculate so the calculation the analytical calculation of this expression is very difficult you cannot solve this by hand you need a code, you need a program to approximate you can calculate one phonon scattering but not more and normally one phonon is not the real case you have as much as you can so you can use the enjoy nuclear data processing system that is a commercial code that is used to generate the scattering law the kernels and the cross sections for any material at any temperature this code is designed to re-evaluate the data in the ENDF format and transform that information in the format for example if you need a cross section library for MCMP you can use the certain module to get the format that is convenient each module of the code performs a different task and communicates with the other module the idea of the initial code is to choose which other modules you need for each calculation this is the only commercial code that exists nowadays we have also GASCAT but it is not the more used in this moment but the enjoy is the only code that can be used you have to pay for it you have to have a license you cannot download it just use it you need a license but also it is the only one but it is a little restricted because it is not useful to calculate any cross section library in any temperature you have certain limitations for example you can calculate if you have other systems you cannot calculate for any Bravais lattice you have certain fixed lattice you also calculate under the incoherent approximation incoherent approximation is an approximation that gives you the calculation of the total inelastic cross section because the coherent part is difficult to calculate so directly it calculates the inelastic part of the scattering the total scattering cross section in this code you normally use alpha and beta variables that are the same variables we were using beta is related to the difference of the energy over Ca is Boltzmann constant t is the temperature of the system this is a dimensional variable to make calculation in an easier way the same for alpha alpha is related to the transfer of momentum and again is normalized with the temperature of the system in this way instead of calculating the s of q omega calculate the s alpha beta that is the way that thermal scattering is known what we need to feed the enjoy code well, we need information on the system remember we said that with the thermal scattering theory we were able to separate the information of the neutron to feed the enjoy nuclear data processing system what we need is information on the dynamics of the sample the dynamic is translated into this magnitude that is the frequency spectrum of density of states that in particular in the enjoy code is written in this way in the enjoy code you have to separate the frequency spectrum in two parts let's say in the continuous parts where you the old information related to rotations translate diffusion and all the things associated to collective movements are included in the continuous what is called the continuous parts then you have discrete oscillators for the vibration that are characteristics of the molecule this frequency spectrum spectrum can be calculated or can be generated in any way one way of getting this frequency spectrum is using molecular dynamics you can get the full frequency spectrum and you can calculate for whatever you want we have many other options but that is the most general and remember this is the way that enjoy writes the frequency spectrum is not the only way that it can be written for example we need a cross section library why we need a cross section library why are we trying to put this into enjoy normally when we want to calculate we use the MCMP code the MCMP code comes with libraries that are useful for fast neutrons or not so thermal neutrons the MCMP code includes the information not the isotopes but what is called the free gas library we need to know details on the structure of the sample so we need to use what I call the thermal libraries the thermal libraries are built using the enjoy and are built putting this information into this code so for example I will show you here when the RTRA10 reactor project started one of the main purposes was the silicon doping and people who were working on that need the cross section library of silicon need the thermal cross section library for silicon so we start working on that we fortunately we knew that that silicon that are to be radiated in the reactor are single crystals the good thing of single crystals is that they have only one main axis so the only way where you can get coherent scattering is if neutrons go exactly in the way of that principal axis so the coherent scattering can be you can suppose it is not there that is because it is a single crystal if we have a poly crystal we have a different cross section the cross section we calculate is not useful but for a single crystal we can suppose that only incoherence scattering is going to take place and we can work only on that and so it is good for that and that is what we did what we need was to know the frequency spectrum of the silicon the single crystal silicon so in the first place what we did is to start always when we start working on a new material what we do is we try to find in the bibliography the kind of information we have what we found is that in this reference we got this spectrum so we put this information into enjoy and we got it is not very clear we got this thermo library can be seen this thermo library the shape of this thermo library is inelastic all is inelastic and the cross section library that it was included in MCMP was this one so it's quite different so at first what we notice is that we don't know if the library we built was okay or not but what we notice is that we are going to find a difference in the calculation so for building that library what we did is we fed the enjoy and we got this one the pink one fortunately in that moment to get a single crystal silicon it was very difficult it was expensive but the most difficult thing was to get a provider of that crystal so we couldn't measure it but fortunately there were in the references we have information about a measurement that have already been done somewhere so this is the reference where we got the experimental data and fortunately what we got is this this is the calculation and this is the experiment right with that cross section we gave to the people that was working on that and they made this calculation they found that of course when silicon is irradiated they need to create in the silicon doping it consists in that you have a silicon single crystal by activation of one of the isotope of the silicon these silicon transmute into for photos and you get the how it's called the crystal you want right so what you need is to calculate how many photos were created that was done with MCMP with the reaction rate and the difference is here we found that it's not the same to use the cross section library that was included in MCMP we need to take into account the thermal scattering concrete example of things that we have been doing with this if you want more information about ENSHOI you can visit the idea of the talk was not related to ENSHOI I think that you can visit this website you have you have to pay for the code but you can learn how to use it for free so you can visit the page and you can learn when it is useful or not and which are the limitations also you are going to find information about the format of the libraries because one of the main characteristics of the ENSHOI code is that you can get the library in the format you need for MCMP you need the ace format for WIMS you need another format and etc. you get the format you need for each application and the last thing related to this is that the pictures were taken from this book that you maybe you may know this is a very friendly book to learn scattering so you can download it from the web also I have the PDF if you want is quite friendly to read so I think this is the last thing I don't know if you have any questions you should because no you mean about the total cross section the question is how to measure coherent and incoherent total cross section yes when you measure you cannot separate you measure you measure all together you need some to put information from outside the experiment the coherent and elastic and inelastic for example in the case of silicon when you have the single crystal you are measuring the total cross section but if you are measuring in a certain direction you are getting only one of the components because you only have coherent scattering in special cases always what you measure is that you can measure the double differential in another kind of experiment but the experiments we were using were total cross section experiment I will be talking about that in the following talk with enjoy you mean? no you can describe the branch edged from some materials because the enjoy code is a code that it was developed in the 60s so the calculations were slower than today and they were only for specific cases so you can predict a branch edged for carbon for example but not for any material I think in the way it is programmed not for silicon for example yeah yes no it depends because the S alpha beta are useful for calculations inside of a medium it doesn't take into account the optics of the neutron for that kind of things you use another code you are in the middle of a neutron field you are not following one neutron with the optics you can use the max test code for that and it has different libraries no more questions? good so after the break I will talk about our neutron source on our measurements so we can have the coffee


Don't say anything. Welcome back to my channel. I hope you're all good. Today, yeah, you guessed it, you can see the title. We're chatting about the book series I want to start. Wow. Crazy. You're crazy, girl. So a lot of you know, yeah, the whole goal this year is to finish series and to, you know, not have many series on my currently reading. But that doesn't stop me from wanting to start other ones. The reason I'm doing this video is there's a motivation for me to finish the series I am currently reading so that I can start on these. Because a lot of these books, I kind of want to read more than I do on every series that partly is because I have issue finishing series. Like there's just a mental block, there's just like, you know, just leave it as it is, just leave it as it is.  But when I have finished a lot, right? I'm like, you can't read this until you're like way down. Like you've got loads read. But I end up starting other series like for videos or coincidentally just like not thinking about it. But these ones I save. So talking about it is going to make me, you know, pick these ones up, prioritise them, not save them for a rainy day that never comes when I've read some more series and it also motivates me to finish the ones I'm reading. Okay? So we're just going to get into it. So the series I've probably wanted to start the most and have wanted to start the most for quite a while is In The Hall With The Knife by DeGanna Peter Froin. This is a clue mystery. My TBR game is TBR Cluedo. Yeah, I want to read this so bad. It is like a YA retelling of Cluedo or Clue. It has all the characters, Scarlet, Mustard, Peacock. You know, all of these, all the characters from the board game are children, I think, at this boarding school and there's like murder mysteries happening. This is a place for legends. Okay? I'm so excited to read this. Now I'm a bit nervous because I think I have been told this can read as like younger YA but just I mean the premise is me. Like that, am I the drama? Like the premise is me. There's never been a book that is more me. I love your typical mysteries. I love anything that harkens back to like mystery of times gone by. So yeah, I'm very, very excited. I know that they're I think trapped. I think in a storm? Is it a storm? Oh yeah, yeah, I'm right. I'm right. They're trapped in this. They're like a mansion. They're practicals like in a mansion. They're trapped in a headmaster. Hours later his lifeless body is discovered in a pool of blood. And they're trying to figure out who's done it. So I'm very excited.  So I just like this book is perfect for me. It was made for me. And I've wanted to read it for quite a long, a long time now but I keep kind of delaying it and playing it off for when I read more. Next is probably my favorite physical book that I own right now that I haven't read. That is Daughter of the Moon Goddess by Sulin Tan. I mean look at the end pages. I mean this genuinely is this and Six Crimson Cranes I think are the most gorgeous editions that fairly have ever done in my opinion. I just absolutely love it. So many people have been telling me how much I'm going to love this. So many of my patrons we like talk on the discord and so many of them have read this and love this and I'm like I mean I love my fantasy to be beautiful very lyrical, very soft and ethereal. That's kind of how I like my fantasy. So I'm so excited to start this. I know we're obviously following this girl who's the daughter of the Moon Goddess. I think she hasn't known that though for many years what she's been growing up and then she has to do something to like rescue her mother and goes on this quest. And just the art around this book just oh my god it's genuinely so so so so gorgeous and it's one of the fantasy books that is like most exciting to me right now. I just think like if a book looks as gorgeous as this I'm gonna love it. I'm so excited. Then we have a book that I have heard mixed things about but I think it's gonna be my kind of thing is Pride and Premeditation by Tesla Price. This is a Jane Austen murder mystery retelling. Oh my god Jesus Christ. Check out the label. So it's a retelling of Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice is something that the story I only read the book once when I was much younger I would like I am gonna reread it at some point. I read it with my mom in like a buddy read when I think I was like 10. I think I understood a lot of it but I did read it. Pride and Prejudice is very special to me because whenever I was sick as a child I would always watch with my mom the Colin Firth adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. It's the best adaptation. I won't hear anything else. And it's just the story. I just know it like the back of my hand you know. So I'm so excited to see how it's adapted into this murder mystery retelling. Lizzie Bennett is a formidable litigator and Darcy is her like opposing lawyer essentially. They're kind of going against each other. This is gonna be, I think there's three gonna be in this series. She's not doing all of the Jane Austen books but I think there's gonna be three where they're all like murder mystery retellings. So I'm super excited to get to this. I think it's just gonna be fun. I'm not looking for this to be like a literary masterpiece. I'm just really excited to see how they adapt Pride and Prejudice and have a lot of fun with like a silly murder mystery with Darcy. And I hope that they keep like the core of the characters. And I hope that she imagined Colin Firth as Mr. Darcy when writing it because he is Mr. Darcy. Then we have one that I think a lot of you are gonna be happy to see on this list and it's Finley Donovan is kidding it. Yeah, I haven't read it yet.  I feel like this is Booktube's like fave murder mystery kind of book. And I'm like, well, we have a problem because I haven't read it. We're following Finley Donovan who's this writer. She's describing, is it her editor or agent? Her agent. She's at lunch describing the plot and then this woman mistakes that she is actually a hit woman and gives her a lot of money to kill her husband. And I've just heard it's funny, you know, it's a bit all over the place. Finley Donovan is a bit of a mess. And this one I'm just so excited to read because so many people on Booktube have loved it. And I'm like, well, we're waiting for my, for my seal of approval. No, Mara, I would say it looks like where it's murder mystery in chief. I view myself as like second in command. You know what I mean? That's my perception of myself. No one says that, but yes. Okay, work. I just feel like I have to read this. I have to know everyone's talking about. I'm very, very excited. I feel like it's probably gonna be the kind of book that I love. But again, I've been putting it off because I'm like Megan, you can't stop until you finish more series. But if you watched my TBR Clude this month, but you haven't, go check it out. You'll know that I'm planning on finishing quite a lot of series. Probably at least like five series this month in June. So fingers crossed, I could start maybe like one of these if I'm really well behaved. Next, we have another one of the fantasies I'm most excited to read. And that is Blood Like Magic by LaZelle Sanbury. So I've spoken before about how I want to read this so badly because I love LaZelle's YouTube channel. I watch quite a bit of AuthorTube. I've got a few stages. I'm like saving up. My watch later is full of AuthorTube videos, but I'm saving up for a moment. I can actually start writing. That is on the horizon. I'm gonna do it. Everything I want is on the other side of fear. I have to remind myself of that. LaZelle and Lindsay Puckett, who's got her debut novel coming out later this year, which I'm very excited for. They're probably the two AuthorTubers I watch the most. And so I'm just very, very excited to read this. I've heard LaZelle speak about it so much. It's about this girl who's from a family of witches and she's given a task. And the task is to kill her first love. Otherwise, all of her family will lose their magic. And I remember LaZelle spoke about how her first image that kind of developed into this book was a girl sitting in a bath of blood. And I'm like, whoa, okay, you sold me. You've got me. I've also had just great things. I feel like the everyone that reads it loves it. And it's quite a chunky book. It's almost 500 pages. And I do tend to like my fantasy. Either like novellas. I really like fantasy novellas. Or I like it a bit longer. I like my fantasy to have a lot of depth. And especially YA. I feel like sometimes they're scared of being long. Like they're always like 300 pages. And I love a short book. I mean, like my average page count for books per month has always been like 290. Like I read quite a lot of short books. But I do think the fantasy that I rate really high is the kind of longer, more complex fantasy. Next we have another like booktube dialing for mysteries. And it is a curious beginning. The first Veronica Speedwell mystery. So yeah, there's another one. I've been saving for so, so, so long. I'm like hitting my leg. I wouldn't even let myself buy this for so long because I was like, you have to wait. Yeah, you have to wait. I have used up every bit of my patience.  I don't know much about it other than we've got Veronica Speedwell and she's like out here saving mysteries and there's also like a romance. But I just know that so many people have loved this, who have read it. And again, I just feel like we need to find out what I think of it. I'm sorry, it's in the public interest. It's in the public interest. Don't yell at me for something or a series. It's in the public interest. So this I would say in the hall with a knife are the two that I've been most like Megan, you're not allowed. You're not allowed to start it. But if I finish a few series, I think, I think I am allowed. Then we have the Marlowe Magic Club by Robert Thorogood. So firstly, I mean the title Thursday Magic Club, Marlowe Magic Club is about an elderly protagonist. So it's very similar to my favorite book of last year. I would say this is another one of the kind of like mainstream murder mysteries in the UK, especially that's come out lately. And I'm just very excited, particularly because it is so similar to the Thursday Magic Club. It's like an elderly friend group solving murder mysteries. So I'm intrigued to see how it compares and if it isn't the case of like two greats having the same idea at the same time, or I don't know, it must have been, because they came out so close together. This one came out, I suppose in 2021. I don't know. I kind of want to know, does it copy Thursday Magic Club or is it just like a case of serendipity at the same time? And then my last series is one I'm incredibly excited for, but it hasn't actually come out yet, but I'm so excited for it. And it is Murder Before Ever Song. Have I got that name wrong? It's A Canon Clement Mystery by Reverend Richard Coles. If you're not from the UK, Reverend Richard Coles is kind of like, like a TV personality. He's also a vicar, but he's like a TV personality as well. I think he used to be like in a band back in the day. He's a very funny, clever man. And he has written books in the past. So here's the thing. One of my favourite books ever is Written by Richard Oldman. Obviously last year, my favourite book. He's a TV personality again. And so this whole conversation about celebrities writing books has to come up. But both of these people, I think Reverend Richard Coles has written books in the past anyway already, but they're the kind of people you would expect to write a book. When people become celebrities in one avenue or another, I don't believe that immediately excludes them from ever being allowed to write books because people can have multiple interests. Do you know what I mean? Like someone could be an actor, but also love writing. Like it's, you know, there's duality to people. However, I will agree there is a problem, big problem with, you know, ghost writers. I've spoken about this in the past. I mean, you're sure that you can do the kind of writing a book. Or people getting successful don't necessarily deserve it. David Ralliams, like... But, you know, he strikes me as the kind of person who is going to write a great book. So this is about a vicar in a small English quaint town.  Like, you know, it's a parish with old people.  I went to church when I was younger and I think I know the kind of people that are going to be in this book. Anyway, a parishioner is found in the church, I think, murdered with a pair of sacrators down into his neck.  But it's more mainstream mysteries for me.  I'll take all the mainstream mysteries, please. I'll like take it all. I'll get, you know, bring them all in. Let it be the next hype thing, because I love them. We need it. This is essential. This is a crisis. I've looked at some reviews this already of people who had arcs. And I do think it's getting mixed reviews because I think it's even more cozy mystery, quaint mystery than Thursday Murder Club, like, even more so. I think it's probably going to compare most to something I've read to, like, A Quiet Life in the Country by T. E. Kinsey, like the Lady Hardcastle Mysteries, which are, like, purely cozy mysteries. Do you know what I mean? I think it's probably going to be more closely aligned with that in terms of voice and narrative. But that excites me. Like, you know, someone writing a real cozy mystery really, really excites me in the mainstream. So I'm very, very excited for this. I'm hoping we're going to get lots more. You know, it's already been named. The series will be named. He's a big name. So I think this is going to be quite a long-running series, like the Thursday Murder Club. And I'm super duper excited for it. So there we have it. That is the series I most want to start. Don't have a go at me. The whole point of talking about this is to make me read the books that I need to read so that I can read these, essentially. Let me know if you've read any of these. Which of these you would like me to prioritize? Because, you know, that would be really good to know which ones you're most excited to hear my opinion on. If you've gotten to the end of the video, comment the spyglass emoji, because there's a lot of mysteries. This is mostly mysteries, this list. I feel like the series I have to finish are predominantly fantasies. And so I'm, like, trying to get them out the way so I can read some more mystery series. But yeah, comment that down below if you've gotten to the end. Thank you so much for watching. I love you so much. And I'll see you very soon in another video. Bye!


What's up everybody? Jason here for jazzy's case breaks calm 2020 optic choice one box break random teams number seven Just sold out and this sells out the Jeter mixer guys We're giving away the last four spots in that mixer here With this one box break and again guys first we randomize the customer names and teams everybody gets around on team MLB We distribute all the hits out all cart ship then at the end of the break We'll take all 30 customer names randomize remember the top four get a spot each into that mixer And that'll be coming up next in a separate video So this is the break good luck dice roll here customer names and teams roll it and It is a one of four five times one two three Four Edward down to Zach Hall five times one two three Four and five Tampa Bay raised out of the Colorado Rockies So there you go quick little box of optic 2020 choice So of course Yankee that was a big team Dodgers. I was a big team Of course this year you got Zach Paul the Blue Jays bigger one Where's the Chicago White Sox Joseph there you go man Houston as well as pretty big So again stick to what you got guys We'll give you guys like 10 seconds to look at that Here we go. Should be all numbered cards here guys John means Number to 88 Austin Meadows Number to 45 Kettle Marta Number to 88 we got Fernando Tautis Jr. Number to 84 and Mauricio Dubon Number to 84 radio rookie Busser Posey Josh Rojas and Justin Verlander to 45 You got Nick Solak nice little white parallel mojo 99 Texas Rangers with that one We got Willie Castro for Detroit to 99 and Bobby Bradley to 99 you go for Cleveland They go Cleveland Detroit, Texas, Arizona The rest of these are here very very nice and yeah, so Texas that's gonna go to James got Detroit over here with Jake Cleveland with Joseph Barton and Andy with the Arizona Diamondbacks Busser Posey there for the Giants rich Verlander for Detroit or sorry. That's Houston Houston Joseph Barton Tautis Jr. That's Padres Matt Arnold another one there for San Diego San Francisco Sorry, Arizona Kettle Marta Andy Austin Meadows TV that's gonna go to Edward and John means for Baltimore. That's going to Christopher There you go guys that was the break really quick Now let's switch scenes and give away the last four spots in that Jeter mixer guys. Good luck roll That's a four and a three for seven times. Good luck Top four get in after seven times One two three four five six and Seventh and final time Boom top four Rich last-ball mojo Edward Joseph and James.  Appreciate it


Welcome to Digital Asset News. Take a top story in cryptocurrency and digital assets, and a big amount of bite-sized pieces. Today, we've got some concerning news, and these are the types of news stories that are going to keep coming out and coming out and coming out, so I want you to be prepared for what's about to happen. So first up, critics claim Tesla should sell Bitcoin position. Electric vehicle firms share down 30% since buying. So we'll take a look at what is hype and what is reality and the numerous news sources that you're going to hear about as far as calling for these huge institutions and corporations to sell their Bitcoin. So we'll take a look at that. On top of, I need to talk to you about CryptoTrader.tax and my unbelievable 2,825 what's called missing cost basis detected, which put me through a loop for over two weeks. I don't want you to follow this as you're scheduling your taxes. And finally, I just want to talk to you real quick about the Holdler mentality and what you need to do as far as get yourself mentally prepared for the tough road ahead. So we'll take a look at all those things, but first take a look at what's going on the markets. First, let me blow the subs so you can see what the heck I'm talking about. And here we are. So today, it is March 8th, 9 a.m. Houston, Texas time, still in the new rental property. Fixing it up should be done by this week, and then off we go. So what do we have today? Well, over the weekend, some day saw a heck of a rally. And I think it was because of India came out and said that they will not be banning cryptocurrency digital assets. The Prime Minister, she, which a lot of people corrected me, it is a she. Okay, great. It's a she. But the picture I saw was just a bunch of guys. So whatever. She came out and said, look, we're not going to ban anything. It's not going to be as awful as you might think. And we're going to work together with these central banks to come to a conclusion. So some people were said, well, oh, well, it's not that much. And it's not what they're going to think. But look, it's a step in the right direction. They didn't come out and said, hey, we're going to straighten ban it, which would really suck for 1.2 billion people in India, because they want to actually trade digital assets. So that is a positive. So what do we have? So for the market cap right now, you're looking at almost a trillion market cap for Bitcoin alone, this 949.52, and we're up to 51,000. So that's pretty great. I mean, we'll take, we'll take it. It's not the 58,000 all time high that we had seen, but hey, right around the corner, Ethereum 1743, a little bit of a bump after that, the Ethereum improvement proposal 1559 that came to effect, where they're going to pretty much make fees a little bit lower. But again, the video yesterday, we talked about this, it's going to do well, but it's not going to do that great. They need to do a lot of things with scaling and everything else. I'm hopeful because I own a lot of Ethereum. So that would be great. And one more thing before I go on, just so you know, I am what is called biased to all the different things we talk about here. If I'm talking about a project, it's probably because I own it. And that's just it. I know some people will say, oh, I'm not biased, but whatever. If you have, if you're talking about Bitcoin a lot, I think there's a lot of, got a lot of Bitcoin. So I'm going to Ethereum and Cardano and Chainlink and Theta like me, I think there's a lot of that. And that's just the truth. So that's just what it is. Anyhow, so going forward, Tether's Tether, nobody really cares. Good to them. Finance coin, hey, in that fourth spot. You know, Cardano was up there, but of course it slipped down for whatever reason, nothing but great news, whatever. Polkadot down a little bit in 24 hours, but last hour pretty good. Let's see what, here's what I really care about. What's gone up a ton? Well, Uniswap did. If you held for Uniswap all this way, remember it was a 400 token airdrop. Congratulations because you're up bigly almost $33. I think Uniswap could do great if they do what PancakeSwap is going to do, which is allow for the Binance Smart Chain. So they can use Ethereum, ERC 20 tokens to pay for gas, or sorry, excuse me, Ethereum to pay for gas, or they can use the Binance Chain. If Uniswap switches over from that to Binance Chain to a lot of different protocols, I mean, Uniswap will go with the Roof. It'll be easily top five. Let's see if that happens. Chainlink up bigly, another partnership announced because they're doing that every single day. It seems like Bitcoin Cash up a percentage. Yeah, well Dogecoin, this is funny. So Dogecoin is up 10% in 24 hours. Why? I'm going to tell you why. It's because they have, and I put this in Twitter, Doge is up 10% because of Strong Fundamentals, a fantastic team working 24-7, and a very detailed roadmap that was just released that goes over the 10-year history and where they're going to go in 10 years. Just kidding. There's no reason why Dogecoin is up.  Maybe it was a tweet from Elon. I have no idea. It's just up 10%. Probably because people are talking about it. Remember, just take a look at the fundamentals and what's going on. Has as much changed with Dogecoin? No, not really. Just is what it is. All right, Aave, a big Theta is one of the bigger ones, 10%. Remember, they just formed a, not formed a partnership, but Sony is one of their validators on top of Google, on top of Gumi or Gummy, however you say it. And they've got a lot of great people lined up. They're not competing with YouTube for bandwidth. They're actually working in conjunction with them because they have Google's a validator. So if you got into Theta early, congratulations, like I talked about. It's great. Again, one of my holds. VeChain up. 10% for Raptera. That's going to be huge, Mike Noblegrass is saying. Paiso's up 12%. The partnership I think was announced. That's about it. So let's take a look at the sentiment of the next hour and see what's going to really pop for all you traders out there. I'm not one of those. Next, I don't know what that is. Curb Dow. And if you're going to look at this one hour projected range, this is the high. This is the low. And the middle part, that's with 90% assurance. That's from Trade the Chain. You can check that out in the description. Ocean Protocol. I remember this one. Wanshain, one that Ian was always talking about. It's finally getting going. And then Chili's up again, 7%. European type of rebates or cards for sports affiliation, stuff like that. So good for them. All right. That's what's going on the market. Let's just go on a base top story. So today, these are the types of stories you're going to see a lot as we move forward in progression as far as corporations, institutions buying a ton of Bitcoin. So this one talks about critics claim Tesla should sell Bitcoin position as let your vehicle firm share down 30% since buying. So when you read this, you're looking at going, oh, well, it's down because Bitcoin's down. And that's the only reason. That's not the only reason. It's part of the reason. But just be aware. So what's going on here? Well, after Tesla announced the world that there was 1.5 billion worth of Bitcoin on its balance sheet, the price of Bitcoin shot up considerably that day. And that was around February 7th, February 8th. Someone checked me in the comments, but it was around that time. On social media forums, critics and even lawyers have called up companies like Tesla for making such decisions. Tesla shares have not fared so well since the purchase, even though the firm did profit nicely from the Bitcoin value increase. So I'll get to it in a second. And this was just from some random, this is from, who is this? Imagine the positive momentum Tesla would create. Somebody tweeted that they announced the sale of their Bitcoin position and authorized a Tesla stock buyback instead. And the rest is just boring. I almost fell asleep. So here's the thing. I just want you to notice a couple of things. First of all, Tesla stock went down because Bitcoin went down is true. That's not the only reason. It part of the reason is there was a shutdown for their Model 3s or Model X is one of those two. There was a problem with getting parts and different things that they needed for the production line. So that's one. And then there's been some volatility as they were moving from their California plant to their Texas plant. So that's another thing. And then another part is that, yes, Bitcoin went down and they had a lot of it on there. So when people started to talk about all they should sell their Bitcoin and they should do a buyback or whatever else it is. You have to understand when people hear that, when people who aren't in our space, they're going to look at this and go, see, I told you Bitcoin was nothing. Bitcoin was bad and people are going to sell off. And that's kind of what happened. So it's like, it's like a reoccurring event.  So a lot of investors like, oh, that's like a billion people we want to get out. And then so then that happens. And then the stock price for micro strategy for maybe even a mass mutual, I don't know, for a Tesla or these big institutions that have bought Bitcoin starts to tumble and then people just start to sell off. It's just like a flywheel effect in reverse. If you listen to Alex Machinsky over at Celsius, so you have to be aware of this is what's going to happen more and more and more as time goes on. So just be aware of what's happening. So the real question then is what the heck is going on with the stock price? Well, we take a look at Tesla stock right now. This, it was around February 8th, 7th or 8th, when they announced that they were going to be buying Bitcoin. And if you take a look at this, it's not like there was a big push. It was already up all the way back in, and actually, I think it was a little bit higher, January 8th. This is for, you know, Tesla stock. So if you take a look at what's going on here, well, they've had some pretty great runs from all the way back to November 2020. October 29th, it was 410. Now we're shooting up to 816, 880. And at some point, we're going to hit 1,000. And then from here, we see it kind of just tumble down. What happened? Well, is it Bitcoin? Well, no. I mean, it's the things we talked about, but I also want to make mention of this. See this market cap right here? Let me see if I can blow this up. Yeah. See this market cap right here? $573 billion. That's a lot of money. I think that's a lot of market cap. So how does that compare to, oh, I don't know, other big names in the automobile industry? Well, if you take a look at Tesla, it's 573. The next closest one is Toyota. And they are enormous at 206 billion. Volkswagen 122, Daimler Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz 91, GM77 by BMW. So probably the closest five or six really does encompass all of Tesla's market cap. So is this overbought? Is this overvalued? Potentially. And I think a lot of people took a look at this and go, you know what? Time to get out. There's only so high we can go.  Then, of course, they are like, oh, well, I'll just blame it on Bitcoin. I'll just keep selling. And then no big deal, because they know it's going to go down because more stories. And that's what I talk about. News moves not only this market, but the traditional market. So if you have some type of integration where you can figure out what the latest and greatest news are, you're going to be a winner. Anyhow, that's what's going on. But lastly, I want to finish up with this. Let's take a look at MicroStrategy real quick, shall we? And this is the last five days. And I'm going to pull a ditty. I like using that one, where he says, when in doubt, zoom out.  What happened here? Well, let's take a look at a month. Let's take a look at, oh, what's this? February 9th. When was MicroStrategy's first purchase of Bitcoin? Well, it was August 11th. Second purchase, September 14th. Third, December 21st. And February 24th. I think there was one more in between there as well. But if we take a look at here for one month, we'll take a look at six months. So all the way back in August, which this even doesn't even read, let me go back a year. The first time that it was purchased was right around here, when the stock price was 123. No one, MicroStrategy has been trading pretty flat for quite a long time. Let's take a look at five years. A little bit higher here, but mostly flat. So if you take a look at this, here's Bitcoin, meteoric rise, and what I'll probably want to have to hear. And then it kind of goes down. I think MicroStrategy is a lot more closely correlated to Bitcoin than Tesla is because MicroStrategy is just a data analytics firm. If you listen to my man, Ryan Gorman, the only thing they do really great is scrape data from Facebook. And that's the big thing. But they have been trading pretty sideways as opposed to take a look at Tesla. Let's take a look at our year.  And of course, it was overvalued. Here you go. So when these stories come out, I don't want you to be flabbergasted and be like, oh, I got to sell my Bitcoin now because these institutions are going to sell. They will sell. They will sell.  I think it will happen if you pay attention to the four year cycles I'm always talking about. But for these types of fun articles, they're not really fun. There is a little bit of a reality to it. Just be aware this is what's going on and not everybody has all the answers. All right, let me just think of the comment section. Let's finish up with our last two pieces. So next up, if you're in America, you know that taxes are coming up and we like that, but that is what it is. So as April 15th approaches, if you don't want to do all these types of cost basis analysis and do a spreadsheet and do all these things, just do what I did. The last two years of these crypto trader attacks, they are friends of the show. They have promoted the show in the past, but I bought them last year before I even really had anything. And since I was talking while it's on, I'm like, hey, you want to be an affiliate? Sure. So there is an affiliate link in the description. You don't have to use it, but if you do, 20% off, just saying. And what we have here is once you put it in, from the time that I got this the first time, so when I put it in, I got all the information, sent off to my CPA, it took me 30 minutes.  I buy a lot of my crypto and Voyager now, but you just download the spreadsheet, stick it in there. So when we're taking a look at this, when I get to this third part here, review, just so you know, I'm like, why is there, it says missing cost basis detected. And then I go on here and like, holy smokes, down here on the bottom right, it says 2800 items are missing. I was like, what the heck happened? And I was like, what? So I had to contact customer support and they email me back and they said, Hey, genius, you got to click on missing cost basis. They didn't call me genius. I just call myself that, which means immediate. And here's the missing cost basis I was missing. Not a big deal. And a couple of this was for from uphold, which I didn't put it in. And then this one was for Voyager. I disposed of, I received, I do. Oh, I sold us DC for 500 bucks. So I could buy, I can buy some more Voyager. And that's what's going on. So if you ever get to this point, just know that there's two parts, the ledger, which is every, every commute you have, and then you're missing cost basis, which usually isn't that much. And you can very easily fill that in. Just watch this video, which shows you how to do it. It's very simple. All right. Let me understand the comment section. Oh, before I forget, if you want to win a free tax report, they have an unlimited one right now. It's a $300 value in the link in the description. You're putting your first name and email, they draw the winner and they just give those away. If you don't want to wait that long, just go, I'll take 20% off. There's also a link. So that's it. Anyhow, let's move on to our last piece, this part. Out of all the stories that I talk about, this is the most probably important section I really should delve a lot more into. And it's about the mentality of just holding on. I know everybody will say, you know, you need to hold on forever. And you need to, to never ever sell. I don't think that's true. I think at some point you, you want to sell because everybody's different, right? Are you in your 40s like me? No. Well, maybe, I don't know.  Yeah, maybe. Are you in your 70s or 80s? And you're like, you know what, I got, I just need some retirement cash or whatever else is everybody's situation is different. So when I taught, when it talks about, you got to hold on for dear life. I don't think that's really true.  Some people want to be a trader. Some people want to be Gordon Gekko and just, you know, run everything. I don't really want to do that.  And then when you start to really get into crypto, especially those are new, it's very tough because you see like, let's say that you got into, let's say you got into Voyager, right? I know, I was a big shelf for Voyager. I own it. So I'm biased. What are you going to do? And I did call it a 29 cents. So I mean, if you would have listened back then, I got it before I move on, I gotta tell you, some people are so ticked off at me because of, I called Voyager at 29 cents and I said in my, and I'll link the video, January 7th was my 2021 price prediction. I said, this one's going to 30 bucks. And it's the most outrageous one I have because most of them are pretty conservative. I was very wrong on Uniswap. I thought only Uniswap was going to 20. I was wrong about that one. Happily wrong. So people are, I said, 29 cents is Voyager. It's going to go to 30. I said it at 79 cents. I said it at a dollar. I said it at $3. I said it at five. And I said it when it hits all-time high at seven. Now it's down to like 628. But I don't know why people are so mad. I mean, if you just would have listened and just done your own research, maybe you would have been a good buy. I don't know. I'm not a financial advisor. I'm just saying, I think it's going to 30. In my mind, that's where I see it. So when you, when you get into investing and you see like Voyager go from 29 cents, then all of a sudden, you know, at 10 X's, and it's like at three bucks, like holy smokes, I just made a bunch of money on this. It's crazy. It's tough to hold on because without really seeing the future future, you're like, I don't know if this is really going to make it. And then when it goes up to like 15 X, 20 X, or at some point it's going to 30 X, you're like, shoot, I should really start to sell. And that could be true. But to get, how do you know to get from 10 X to 15 X to 30 X or maybe even a hundred X for some of you, maybe a thousand X or some of you. And it just really comes down to having set your goals and just kind of setting it and forgetting it like a Ronco food dehydrator. You just kind of put it in there and just go, okay, this is what it is. I have my points and I'm going to get out. Or maybe for you, it's I'm never getting out until I'm like 50. And I'll just wait for, I don't care about this bull run in 2021. If the four year cycles are correct, you know, we've been falling pretty close for the last 12 years, I'm going to go for the next bull run or the next bull run after that because of these four year cycles. So when you're looking at holding in the beginning, it's very tough. But just like exercise, getting into shape, eating the right foods, starting a new job, I guess, like, you know, you kind of get into that swing of things. It's just hard when you are forming habits. But you listen to studies, it takes between two and four weeks to develop habits, if you maintain and sustain. So this is what it is in the very beginning. But as time goes on, really, it's it's here, people think it's so easy, then people realize it's hard. But as you do it, again, it's just like going to the gym every day. It's just something you do. And then it just becomes second nature. And then this is just in your mind, like it's in the back of my mind. So these are the things you have to watch out for. And this is the investors mentality. The traders mentality is something different. I don't have that. I mean, I trade very little, but this is how I see it. So if you're ever confused or like, I don't know if I can do it, you can do it, you know, if you want to be an investor, I'm not telling you what to invest in, but the mentality itself I can talk to, just kind of, you know, put the money in or whatever you're investing into, and then just kind of step away and just go, well, I know where I think I know where it's going based on these news pieces, based on my research I've done and everything else. So, and lastly, whoops, lastly, I want to tie this all together with talking about the four year cycles and the investor mentality and everything else. So when I talk about these four year cycles, just as a quick refresher, I'm talking about the having all the high dip reset, which we've seen over and over again.  Same thing happened in 2016, we had a having, then 2017 an all-time high, big dip and a reset. Then in 2020, it's happening again. We had a having, we're hitting all-time highs, we're going to hit, I think, 150k for Bitcoin, and then a dip and then a reset, and then the next bull run will start in 2024, 2025 should be another all-time high. So when we do these types of things, and when I talked about these articles and what to watch out for as far as what's going to happen with all these institutions, just know that these things are going to come pretty fast and heavy, hard and heavy, but you have to understand that people are going to have weak hands, not you, you've been here for a while, but the new ones that FOMO in, which usually they FOMO in right around when everything goes parabolic.  And the reason I know that people don't know what the heck they're doing is because of this little survey, which we covered a couple of videos ago, more than more than one in three crypto investors, no little nothing about it. These are the ones that are out of here. Like I said, not you, you probably know exactly what it is and what it's all about and how it's going to change everything. But if you're going to see these newbies coming in and FOMO paper hands, they're going to see articles like this where, you know, Tesla starts to sell off or another institution sells off or maybe another India ban or whatever country. And they're like, oh, that's it. I got to get out. And they're going to pretty much crash the market.  I know people will say, oh, but Robbie don't understand these institutions are here and they're going to leave. Sure. Sure. Michael Saylor can get away with this because he runs the board, right? But Elon Musk can't. And a lot of these corporations are going to get in, they are beholden to their stockholders. So they will be the ones that are like, you know, we're going to sell a little bit. And once they start selling, everybody else starts selling. I think we're still going to see these four-year cycles. Just repeat and repeat and repeat because people don't get it. And until people really understand what crypto digital assets are, it just won't make sense to them. And that's why I made this website up here, bandteacherscrypto.com. It's 100% free. They can learn everything about crypto that they ever wanted to, except for NFTs. I haven't gotten there yet, but I mean, the basic, basic stuff. So if you haven't checked it out, go ahead and check it out.  And then tell two people so they can understand and they can have stronger hands in the long run. All right. So that's it for today. So if you made it all the way in, hey, thanks. I appreciate it. If you liked the video and you found value, give it a thumbs up. That always helps tremendously. Also consider subscribing. I think we talk about our time sensitive. And that is it for today. So if you like those, I'll put up two more on left and right, let YouTube do its magic. And that is it for today. So thanks so much. I appreciate it. And I'll see you in the next one.


Scientists have a clear moral obligation to clearly warn humanity of any catastrophic threat and to tell it like it is. In November 2019, more than 11,000 scientists from 150 countries clearly and unequivocally declared that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency. CO2 levels are rising, the glaciers are melting, and Antarctica is melting. The ocean is getting hotter, more acidic, sea levels are rising, and so are extreme weather events. And yes, fossil fuel use is going up like air travel, but so is per capita meat consumption. In fact, one of the solutions they offer to help the climate crisis is eating mostly plant-based foods while reducing the global consumption of animal products. And what makes designing a sustainable diet so easy is that the same advice like eat less meat is good for both personal health like reducing the risk of our number one killer as well as for planetary health. The least healthy foods also cause the worst environmental impact.  So you get this win-win effect. So let's put it all together. If we are to redesign the global food system for human and planetary health, which is to say human health and future human health, what would it look like? Enter the Eat-Halancid Commission, the result of more than two years of collaboration between 37 experts from 16 countries suggesting a cut in total meat consumption down to like an ounce a day. It's like the weight of a single chicken nugget, all the while dramatically increasing our intake of legumes, which are beans, split peas, chickpeas, lentils, nuts, fruits, and vegetables, because we're not just in our climate crisis, but a health crisis, right? Unhealthy diets cause more death and disease than smoking, more than unsafe sex and alcohol, drug, and tobacco use combined. But we can address both crises at the same time, by increasing our consumption of whole plant foods and substantially reducing our consumption of animal-sourced foods. Eating such a diet could save the lives of more than 10 million people a year and may just help save the world. The Paris Agreement had set out a boundary condition, an aspirational goal for a carbon budget to help prevent catastrophic impacts. And staying within the boundary for climate change can be achieved by consuming plant-based diets. And the personal benefits may be comparable with or even exceed the value of the environmental benefits. The health care benefits alone for a healthy global diet, predominantly plant-based diet, vegetarian or a vegan diet, could exceed the price of the carbon saved. We're talking up to $30 trillion a year saved from the health benefits alone. Now, if the health of yourself, the planet, and your own children doesn't quite motivate you, consider you may also be facing threats to the global beer supply. And healthier diets don't just reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Since livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss, reducing meat consumption is also the key to biodiversity conservation. Ideally, perhaps reducing demand for animal-based foods by increasing the proportion of plant-based foods up to like 90% of the diet. Livestock production is also a leading cause of soil loss, water, and nutrient pollution, yet it appears to be a blind spot in water policy. Despite the fact that animal products form the single most important factor in humanity's water footprint, water managers never seem to talk about meat and dairy. But it's not just animal products. I mean, you have said at least 80% of the deforestation in the Amazon is to raise cattle and grow feed crops like soybeans to export to other farm animals, but also to make vegetable oil, most of which is from palm and soy. Both crops have been expanding, resulting in massive deforestation. It just seems kind of particularly egregious if that deforestation takes place for the sake of junk food. Not everyone agrees we should be moving to healthier diets, though the World Health Organization actually pulled out of the Atlanta Commission because of their promotion of a global move to more plant-based foods. See if we focused on promoting predominant plant-based foods and excluding foods deemed unhealthy, including meat and other animal-based foods. Such a diet could, yeah, save 10 million lives a year, 30 trillion dollars, and help save the entire planet, but could lead to the loss of jobs linked to animal husbandry in the production of junk.


What's up everybody once again it's Brandon and Shawn and I gotta talk about something real real quick. Alright, what does that do? One thing, the power of one. What do I mean by this? Well, I know a lot of people want to do a lot of different things. We all have a lot of different talents and in the social media area we see so many people doing so many different things. You know you'll have five different labels in your Instagram bio. Cool. I get it. However, I'm a proud believer in the power of one. I know that a lot of people don't think I like being diverse or don't think you can be diverse but it's not the full story. When I say the power of one I'm really talking about starting with one. If you look at Jay-Z, if you look at Kanye West, if you look at Ralph Lauren, if you look at Jeff Bezos, they all started with one. Jay-Z started with music, right? Also had a record label because that was a part of the record label. And then went into clothes and things of that nature. But he started with music and what you'll see with all these people oftentimes they will start with one thing but then as they become more successful putting all their energy into that one thing and they become successful in that the following things will either be parallel so you're already doing it and then adding this second thing is basically not taking too much from you. It's not making you go another direction. It's something that you could add along for the ride because your energy is already pushing in that direction. Again, you know, you're doing music. Well, now having a record label is still in the same wheelhouse. It's still in the same industry or you're an artist and now I have a clothing brand, right? It makes it a lot easier because I'm already influencing people.  You talk about a Kanye West producer and then he becomes an artist and then you know about him with fashion and things like that. They're relatively fluid. All these things are in the same space, especially when it comes to entertainment and lifestyle and then you can look at somebody like Ralph Lauren, right? Who started with one product, ties. He didn't just come out with an entire fashion line. He came out with ties. He started with ties. Those ties became more ties, right? And those more ties also added in shirts, pants, the whole nine Ralph Lauren now billion dollar company, Jeff Bezos with Amazon started with books. Amazon was originally known as the online bookstore. That was its innovation over the years. They've added more and more and more things. Now it's like the online Walmart. What Walmart used to be in retail, Amazon is too online on a vast scale because of course the internet gives you more space. You can get anything on Amazon, but they just started with books. So whenever you hear me talk against doing multiple things, it's not about never being able to do multiple things. It's about putting your energy in one place and being patient. People overestimate what they can do in one year and they underestimate what they can do in 10 years. You can do it all, but you can't do it all at once when you're starting from ground zero. Once again, if you really look at a lot of patterns when it comes to successful people, they'll start be successful in one thing. The level of success is relative. They don't have to be the biggest at that. They can just be along the lines where that one thing has some sense of stability. It's more self-sustaining or on its way. And if that second thing isn't completely parallel, there's another thing that you'll find in common, right? Either the things that you add on don't take that much additional capital because what you're already doing is marketing for itself and it takes away some of the energy you have to put in or at the very least that other thing that you add does take financial capital, but it doesn't take your energy. It doesn't take your human resource of capital. So at the same time, whatever you're making over here can be put over here, but it doesn't take the energy that you could be continuing to focus over here. And hey, maybe you have a different opinion about it and I would love to know how you feel about it. So put that in the discussion, comments below, all that good stuff. I'm already ready to, are you already ready to have a discussion, of course? But once again, if you liked this video, go ahead and like. But if you like, you might as well share and if you're not subscribed, you know what to do. Hit that subscribe.