Hello everyone, this is Ahmed Dan of AhmedDan.com. Today I'll have another episode of unboxing and review video and I'll be opening the Geoone Smooth 5 gimbal. If this is your first time or if you visit, thank you for your support on this channel. I'm always trying new and different ideas. If you're into thinking outside the box, this is the channel to subscribe. If you're only looking for review videos, there will be links in the description box below. I just got this gimbal today and this is still in the box, so I'm just going to open it up and see what's inside and then I'll do some testing and I'll attach it to the clip. So the box looks very simple. There's not much on it. I just mentioned the name which is right here and then you can see that you know a smooth 5 and that's all there is. So it's just like in a very simple packaging. So I'm just going to open up the box and see what we have inside. So it looks like we have a sticker or tape right here. So I just have to cut this here.  Okay, so I'm just going to open it up and it looks like I actually opened it reverse way. So it should be like this and once we open this, so you have a service card and this is just you know to contact Zhiyun and then we have a brochure. So it looks like they attached a actually nice brochure with all the instructions. So we'll just set it aside and then here we have the gimbal. So I'm just going to you know take it out and put it in here and then looks like we have USB-C cable and then here we have the tripod or the mini tripod and the box should be empty. As you can see there's nothing inside. So here we have the gimbal and this is how it looks like right out of the box and I haven't done anything yet. So I'll just you know leave it here and then once like you know I charge and go through everything then I'll do the second part of the video. Thank you. And this is the second part of the video and I'll just go over some of the you know things I found out about this gimbal and how to balance the gimbal. So the first thing I would like to show that this gimbal has the capability to lock every mode and this come this comes in very handy when you're traveling so it doesn't like you know dangle around in your bag. So in order to do that you're going to have to just here there's a lock button. So what do you do? You just match these two and then if you just kind of slide it on the left then you can see that you know this part is locked and then here you have to lock this portion and in order to do that you're going to kind of like you know match this mark here with this and if you just kind of slide gently like this and you can hear the click and you can see that this is locked and now you have to lock this part and here you're going to see that there's this you know portion and this part so if you just kind of like match them together so let's see if I can see so if you match them together and kind of gently push and you're going to hear a click button click sound so here now you can see that the gimbal is not moving anymore and this is very handy when you travel so I'm just going to unlock everything one by one so here I'm just going to put it to the right and then you can see that this is moving right now and then I'm just going to put this portion slide it to the left and then like this and you can see that you know it's moving right now and then here this part I'm just going to push it to this part here so I'm just going to push it to the left gently and it should you should hear a click noise and you can see that you know this is moving right now so now the gimbal is totally unlocked and in order to balance the gimbal so you have to just you know take your phone you don't even need to cover uncover the phone cover or uncover or remove the phone cover so what you have to do you have to just make sure the camera is going to be staying on this side and there should be an arrow right here which is kind of very difficult to see but you can see that there's like a small arrow right here and you're just going to kind of like you know put it this way so if you just slide it here and now you're just going to have to you know move this whole part for example this portion right here so if you just you know unlock this position and then slide it to the left or right so once you put it in and if you slide it to the left or right that's going to balance your gimbal so you cannot see the whole thing because of the you know there's a space problem but that's how basically it works so once you kind of like you know move it to the let's say left or right and you have an idea that you know the gimbal is balanced then you can just like you know lock this button so now what you can do you can just turn it on and in order to do that you have to just press this button right here and you have to kind of hold it for a few seconds and I did that okay so now you see that you know the gimbal is on the phone and which is right here it's and it's balanced and then here some of the buttons are I'm planning to do another video in terms of the buttons because you know today it's just kind of review video so this is going to move your phone to the upper or lower part so if you can see here but this button kind of you know it's glitchy it doesn't work all the way so sometimes like you know it just gets stuck and you have to keep trying I had that problem so I think that's not like you know very reliable sometimes you have to just like you know keep doing it and then these are actually for the app so I don't use that and I'm not going to go over them and there's the mode button so you have the pan follow mode which is the default and then if you keep pressing it then lock mode and then here we have the follow mode and then here we have the POV and then here we have the I think it's a vortex mode so basically that's all the modes now there's a problem with the gimbal is that this like you know modes is very difficult to see if you're out in the field or if you're shooting outside because of the lights you kind of kind of like you know you have to hold it like this to see so this is a very bad designing of this part and then here this is not going to work if you don't have the app or if you're not kind of using the camera on the app which I don't want to use so I don't never use that now here this is something I like a lot about the skimble that it has a quarter inch hole and what it does that you can just like you know put it in here and you can attach an external mic for example like this to you know here so you can attach an external mic and you can just like you know push this here and that way you can have a mic attached you don't need to use any cold shoe or any other like you know extension bar so that's a very good feature of this gimbal which I like and except that it works very well I have done a few videos and it you know stabilizes very well and even it's it works with GoPro Hero 10 and I have another video on that so in terms of like you know functionality it seems to be working okay but the thing is that you know lots of the buttons they're useless if you're not using the camera app and the camera like you know recording via the camera app which I don't want because you know let's say if I'm doing live streaming I have my own application I don't want their app I don't want to use their app and also like you know I want to use my own camera native app which has stabilization so I don't like the fact that they're forcing you to like you know use their own app I try to use these buttons that's something I don't like and except that everything you know is just fine also another thing I would like to mention that this is not exactly like you know very lightweight and it has a little bit weight but you know that actually works towards its advantage because it feels very nice in your hand and it works very well so in terms of stabilization you know that actually kind of it's good that you know it has a little weight to it and except that I don't have any other complaints you know except that I don't like want to use the app and all these buttons are you know useless or meaningless for me because I'm not going to use their app but just one note that for the first time you're going to have to install the app to activate the gimbal otherwise the gimbal is not going to work this is something also I don't like they're forcing you to install the app and I have a feeling that they're just trying to get you know the numbers up on the google play or apple play store just to give the download number that you know so many people are downloading the apps but this is just like you know not a good business model that they're forcing you to install and download the app just to activate the gimbal but except that I'm happy with the product and this is not a paid or affiliated review all my reviews are non-affiliated unbiased and honest and I'm going to just you know attach this little bit sample clip how the gimbal works when it's like you know very cold or very windy and you you're going to see that you know it's performing well I just had one issue when the phone flipped because of gusty wind it had to be like 70 kilometer per hour but I worked with this gimbal when there was like 50 kilometer per hour and there's no problem so in general you know this is a very good gimbal except some of the you know shortcomings of what I just mentioned so that's all for today thank you for watching this video there'll be more videos coming up so I'll see you shortly thank you so today is a very cold and windy day and this is a perfect timing to do a real-life taste of the Zion smooth five gimbal so you can see how much cold and windy can withstand and how's the stabilization so wind is 50 kilometer per hour and it's minus 20 degrees Celsius cold and so far it seems to be working okay and there are some you know sometimes the gusty winds and sometimes not too much wind but still it's a very windy so I'm having two windmaps and still you might hear some noise because of the wind but let's see how is the gimbal smoothness and how much you know balance it can do so by the so when I'm looking on the screen it looks like it's okay it's doing a nice job I'm going to have to see you know when I go home how much really it stabilizes the video so you're gonna walk for about 10 more minutes in this cold and windy condition so we're in downtown Toronto the corner of spadina and front street so what happened there was a gust of wind and it just you know pushed the phone to rotate so it's just like in a kind of phone was imbalanced so I had to just restart the gimbal so it seems to be okay but sometimes if the wind is too gusty you know it's just the gimbal is not able to hold it


Please give him a warm applause. Thank you. So today I'm going to talk about contributing to WordPress core. And this talk, though, will not focus on how to get started with contributing to the core. So I hope you've been at a contributor today before, or maybe yesterday, or in general, even if you haven't been to a contributor day yet, you can still go there later and maybe memorize something of what is part of this talk. Because this talk addresses what comes after a contributor day if you want to continue contributing. If you're interested in becoming a more long-term contributor, I will approach this after having worked on your first ticket or patch on the first contributor day. And the way I'm going to do this is basically I'm going to tell a bit of my own story and take out what I basically then share with you what I learned during that time so that you hopefully have a good path ahead of you. So first of all, when I started, my first WordCamp was WordCamp Europe 2015. And I went to the contributor day there and I joined the core table simply because I was a coder. And I thought, well, that's probably where I could help the most. At the time of the core table, it was led by Konstantin Oberlandt, who was the release lead for WordPress 4.3. That was the release that came out a few months or weeks after that WordCamp. And we just had one very simple task to test the heck out of the new site icon feature. You may remember WordPress 4.3 was the release with where the site icon feature was introduced which allows you to treat the FAP icon. So at the point of the WordCamp, that feature was almost ready, but we just had the task to test it. And at that day, I fixed a very small bug that only occurred when JavaScript was disabled, which is probably rare today but still exists and it needed to be fixed. It was only 16 lines of code out of the hundreds that were part of the whole feature. But at the end of the day, actually, this whole feature was committed and I got my first props. So this is what you get when something is committed to WordPress Core where you're contributed to. So it's just that list at the bottom. My username is Flixos90 and that made me super proud to be in the list of people who contributed to WordPress Core. It was very motivating for me back then to have contributed to a big feature. Even though my contribution was very minor, it was just so amazing that I was part of that feature. And I was actually so eager that I even worked on another ticket the same day while I was in the hotel room for an hour. So, again, I will not speak too much about Contributor Day. I would just recommend to all of you who are interested to attend the Contributor Day in the future, if you haven't already, because it's much easier to get started there than if you're just sitting at home or at your workspace and you have to go through the documentation, which is there, but it's very hard to find and figure out, unfortunately. And we're trying to improve that. So over the next half year, I occasionally worked on tickets here or there, sometimes at home, but mostly was still at WorkCamp that I attended. Like here, this is a picture from WorkCamp Berlin 2015. And this ticket was then the first one that I opened myself. It was a small book. It doesn't really matter what it is about. It was a small book that I discovered. And I got a very welcoming response, which was very important to me. But then the next response was that the ticket was closed. Well, at first of all, it was a bummer. After two responses, the ticket was already closed as invalid or what was it? It won't be fixed. Nice. So at least, but I got an elaborate response on why, what was the issue and why this can't really be fixed without breaking backward compatibility. And that's a big part of WordPress. They try to not break backward compatibility, at least in general. So there will be cases where you run into issues like that and you have to be able to deal with them. That's basically just an internal mental thing, I guess. But there are, of course, motivating parts. For me, that was at one point the introduction of the WP term class. You may know the WP post-class, which is a little more common to be used. But WP term is exactly the same thing. It's just a very simple class that only has properties and it's just an object model. For me, it felt very great to be part of introducing a class to WordPress core. But again, when you run into, you will run into frustration while on your path to becoming a WordPress contributor or evolving as a WordPress contributor. And there are a few things to be aware of to prevent that the best way possible. So don't patch immediately and discuss first. Contributing to WordPress core is not just about code. And by far it's not. You always have to discuss approaches, how to do things. Especially if it's an enhancement, first of all, it needs to be figured out, is this even viable to be in core before starting to spend hours and hours of writing code? Because if that gets rejected afterwards, of course, you're frustrated because you spend hours on it. So wait first and see what other people say and argue and all that. And even for bugs, sometimes bugs are actually very simple to solve. Then you can go write code immediately. But in many cases, even those can be fixed in multiple ways and maybe one way is better than the other, so that needs to be discussed as well. It's very important to over time get to know the WordPress philosophies. There is a page where you can find those. Well, this is a link. You can see the actual link, but the slides are online later, so you can actually click that link. So the WordPress philosophies basically define what belongs into WordPress and what doesn't. And you can, of course, you need to read them first, but over time you really can make them part of your mindset. And then also be open-minded. Listen to other people's opinions.  But of course, be stubborn enough when it actually makes sense. You also sometimes need to convince other people of your opinion.  But when you come back later, sometimes you will actually see, oh, this makes sense what that person says. So there's also a great article on that, which is basically pretty much the rundown of this entire talk. Qualities of Being a Great WordPress Contributor by Andrew Nason, who is one of the lead developers of WordPress. And in case you actually have to deal with rejection, for example, when your ticket is closed with no reasonable response for what you, for your tastes, then please ask, you can ask, why was this closed? I don't understand this decision, and you will probably very likely get a response, and I hope you do. Because sometimes the people who close a ticket, they're busy like everyone, they forget to be elaborate.  No, that's not the case. It can feel that way, and I know that for a cent, but try to assume the best in everybody else. And don't take anything personally, especially if you knew that other people don't know you, so why would they want to be mean to you? That just doesn't make sense. And on that part, there was another WordCamp talk at WordCamp US two years ago, which deals much more with these psychological issues, basically that are part of contributing. So next part, step for me, was WordCamp US 2015. At the time, I worked for a multi-network client, which is somewhat of a more complex multi-site. Doesn't really matter now, but I had watched a WordPress TV video about this topic by John James Jacobi, who is also one of, who is, for example, he is one of the main maintainers of ButtonPress. And so at WordCamp US, I briefly talked to him about this topic, I asked him some questions, and at the end of this conversation, he said, hey, the multi-site team there is really small, so if you're interested and you want to improve things, just go ahead out there. And I was like, okay, I'll try. So a few days later, I joined the multi-site channel on Slack, because this again was an area that I was dealing with a lot. I initially started following tickets. This is something you can do in your WordPress track preferences, so you get an email every time which ticket in that part of WordPress is changed or created. I only worked on a few things initially, but I generally kept an eye out on what was going on. At one point, though, I was working on a ticket where I didn't receive any feedback after weeks. So what do I do there? I noticed there are multi-site meetings, so I joined one of these meetings and I first just said, hey, I'm new, I want to help, what can I do? And of course, I also then asked for feedback on that particular ticket. So again, it doesn't really matter what this particular ticket was about, but my first response I got was this. I hope you can read this. Well, the second response was not great either. Oh, okay, it just says, this ticket brings back some bad memories. Yeah, the first comment is just... Well, this happens, but I actually also got a real response. But the gist was that this ticket is overly complex, it's very old, so the ticket number is something 15,000 and right now we are a ticket 43,000 or something, so it was probably seven years old. And if such a ticket is still open, it's probably open for a reason. So the ticket is super complex, people have been avoiding it. And yeah, these things happen and by the way, this ticket is still open as of today and if I had known this back then, I would probably have quit. But now I feel like there's still validity. So the point is that the ticket is still open, it's just very tough to rework on, to rework on, it's not a priority, but it is not closed at least. So this is the point where I have to be optimistic. At some point it will have its time. But the gist is be persistent. So ask for feedback if you don't get it and joining a Slack meeting is the best way to do so. About being persistent, there's a hilarious short film on YouTube which is very nerdy, you can just open a pull request and run. It's so nerdy, yeah. So for me, joining that meeting was basically where I found a focus for myself because you can't be an expert in everything, of course. So over the first more than half a year I just worked on tickets here or there and the problem was that because of that I didn't really get in touch with any particular people. I was dealing with random people all over the place and you can't actually communicate well because you don't actually get to know someone better. Of course, getting to know still means you're sitting behind each other's computers and nobody has ever met you. But you start to figure out what the other people are like and what their mindset is and something like all that stuff. And you also get more expertise, of course, over time in your particular components so I really urge you to try to find what interests you the most in WordPress core and start contributing mostly to that particular area. Participate in their Slack meetings and in case a component does not have Slack meetings you can go to the components page. There's a page that has all the maintainers and ask them maybe, why is there no meeting? Would it make sense to start one? Can I help to start one? You don't need to be the expert. You can be new and still start a meeting. You have to moderate the meeting. And I know if this can be tedious. It's definitely much easier if there is already a meeting but don't hesitate to ask, to directly send a message to one of the maintainers. So next, it's WordCamp Nuremberg 2016. Before that WordCamp, there has been a call for component maintainers. So component maintainers, again, those are the people that handle tickets for individual components and run meetings and all these kind of things. So I asked Dominic Schilling, who's also a long-term core developer, whether I could be the component maintainer for post thumbnails. So feature images in WordPress. This is the smallest component that WordPress core has. There were six open tickets. So I just thought, hey, maybe the smallest component is a good way to start. Eventually, I became also component maintainer for multi-site, which made much more sense because I was actually interested in that. So, please, while I did think initially I should try to start with something small, it didn't really make sense. You should really focus on what you're actually interested in. No matter how big the component is, if you're interested in the REST API, go for it. You just learn things by doing it and you don't have to start small. When you are a component maintainer, you get a few, technically, a few more permissions on track. You can milestone tickets and you have more responsibility to, basically, if someone opens a new ticket, make them feel welcome, give feedback to the tickets and generally try to focus on someone else's stuff, not only your own, that's very important anyway. Make new contributors feel welcome. When you're at a point that you're a component maintainer, you might already notice now you're on that other end a little bit more and you now have to accommodate new people. If you have made bad experiences, which you might have, just try to do it better, as always. Of course, do things reasonably. Don't just milestone a ticket because it's your own. The most important thing is just don't be overly critical, be welcoming. Put a small emoji here or there. It can really feel nice in that very digital world where you don't meet anyone ever. WorkCamp Europe 2016, what I just said is actually wrong. You meet people. When you go to WorkCamp, you can actually meet the people that you talk to on the computer for every week. For me, WorkCamp Europe 2016 was the WorkCamp where I met Jeremy Felton, Johnny Harris, who are the other two people that worked a lot on Multisite during that time in person for the first time. It was so productive. We do always work remotely and we always only chat, but it was so much more productive to talk in person about pain points and collaborate on Contributor Day while sitting next to each other.  You actually get to know the people behind the names and actuals. After all, you can also have a beer with friends and make friends from all over the world. Yeah, I really urge you to go to WorkCamp. It's great. After WorkCamp Europe, it was time for my bachelor thesis. I was still in college. I took some time of my regular work as a freelancer to focus on that, but what actually happened is I just focused on core. I still got my thesis ready and all, but yeah, I contributed at the time to core and I took on some new tasks. I started running some Multisite meetings. Sometimes there's a backup when someone of the other two wasn't there or something like that. For WordPress 4.6, I received a recent Rockstar status, which, up to this day, I have no idea what that means, but it was great to get recognition. Yeah, it's very important to be open to new tasks, run a meeting, document write recaps for meetings and post them on the Make WordPress a Core blog. Yeah, just be open-minded. Then, on my final thesis day, that's fast forward to end of November, 2016, I had a hard time falling asleep because I was thinking, did I do everything right? After hours of laying awake in bed, I opened up my phone or looked at my phone and I'd seen this message, which basically said, now you can be a core committer. I was like, whoa! I'd not expected this at all and, of course, at that point, I could just bury my thought of ever falling asleep. So, I stayed up and I read some related parts of the core handbook, which I guess is so German of me, and I went to college, handed in my thesis and had a wonderful day of sleep. It's very important to know that you don't have to be a co-genius. I felt like all these other people were so much more experienced than me, but somehow, just by iterating, learning from your mistakes, being persistent, improving skillset, being passionate, all these things, they're most important to make a difference. And you don't need to be a committer to make a difference. You can help out in so many ways on core development. So, WordCamp US 2016, I actually did my first commit and it was another great thing about this was that I gave someone else their first props. I noticed it. I met that same person later during the same WordCamp, so that person was also part of the continuity. And that felt really good to also give somebody else their first props. So, at the point I did the commit, I was suddenly, it suddenly made a click and knew exactly why some of the tickets stay around for so long because you really don't want to break anything. So, the people who commit things, they really don't want to break anything, so they want to make 100% sure that nothing breaks. So, initially, I sometimes was like, this is done. Why isn't that part of WordPress core? But that was probably because the more experienced contributors knew that this integrates in so many weird ways that you have to be tested very much in these kinds of things. So, in those cases, when that happens, trust the more seasoned contributors. But of course, ask why. Again, ask for feedback, be persistent. And, yeah, pay attention to details. I learned this mostly as a committer, but you should already be aware of that before the way before. Consider edge cases. WordPress is written very in a bad way and you probably know that. So, you have to look at 10 other areas to figure out whether something breaks. And of course, you don't know how all these things integrate, but this is something you learn over time. Well, at the beginning of 2017 then, I went on many more wordcams and it was just great to keep in touch with all the other people that you otherwise just chat to. I took on some new tasks and then at the middle of 2017 before work in Europe, I was part of the community summit. There were some very interesting discussions. The most important for me personally was that together with some other people like Alois Schleser, we created a PHP initiative and we are now aiming to inform more of the non-technical users about old PHP versions that they need to upgrade. So, well, that's it for now. I don't know where my path will take me, but I hope I could give you some hints at what you should be aware of when interested in being a long-term contributor and building that relationship. So, here's just a quick summary and that's it for during the questions. I'm just going to show some quotes by some long-term contributors and why you should even do this. So, here are some impressions of what contributing to CORE can also give back to you personally or professionally. But, yeah, please ask any questions. Any questions? Do you need to have technical skills when you want to contribute to the WordPress project? Or is contribution also open to people that are non-technical people? So, there are many areas which you can contribute to. I would say for CORE, which is the software WordPress itself, there needs to be some technical knowledge involved, but there are many other areas in WordPress where it is not as much like that. If you go to a contributor today, you will get to know all these different areas. There is a community team which helps organizing events like this. There is a translation support, WordPress TV, which deals with video editing, and there are probably, I think there are like 15 different teams and some of which require technical knowledge, but most of them actually don't. So, there are tons of ways to contribute. Also, if I can add to that, are you on Slack? Yes. Check the channels. You can find all the ways you can contribute on Slack channels and it's also very inspiring to see what people are doing to get started. Anybody else? I have a question for you.  How did it enhance your personal life or your work life, or what did it do in your life? So, I think, for me, when I started, WordPress had basically given me a job and WordPress doesn't cost anything. It has given me new people and friends from anywhere and I think it's just, I want to give something back to the project and that's my main motivator, I would say. Great. Well, thank you very much. Big applause for Felix.


What if love came with a target or need written for you, then it would have been so easy to find, don't you think? What if love didn't have to be a scavenger hand in a thick forest full of wolves in sheepskin that forget to cover their tails and from a point, you can really tie the wolf in the sheep and wonder, what's the point of the sheepskin when at times? Well, someone preferred the wolf, the kind that just grabs and gets its way. Now, all we do is jump from one frog to the next and realize that no matter how hard we kiss, they don't really turn into princess and princesses and we jump over to the next and I'm left wondering, who is the frog at this point? But what if love worked up to you on a calm morning when the sun shines behind the clouds? Will you be ready to say, I love you back? My name is Vanessa Michebe and I am a kids talents ambassador. I advocate for people to believe in kids talents, for them to get support and to get natural. I've worked with kids as young as two years and I'm still working with some kids I started with two years back and right now they are in high school.  No rain, no grain, left a real hustle, no more muscle for the bustle, it is a curse, digging on grave, human life, wildlife, gods displaced, humanity displaced, the green is gone, check away the birds, cut the air supply, disturb the soil, no more soil, just a concrete jungle.  My background or my career is media and in 2017 I got this call and a passion for children and talents, so basically I started in 2017. I also work with private primary schools and churches, I work with different institutions, as long as there's a child, I'll go for that child. Okay, we've done karate, fashion and design, it's our favorite, we have done spoken word, there is music, there is journalism, there is art and craft, there is acrobat, there is just so much in kids. Mchiwe tu wa matunda tukupenda, wa matunda tukupenda, tuta kulinawe, tuta kutunzawe, uzitiku tukupama tunda, tukupenda mchiwe tu. Let us take care of it, let us hold hands and take care of it, remember umoja ningubu ute gano niu daifu. Thank you. Just commercialize and for them to see that they can actually, they can actually earn from their talents.  I can walk in a school and talk to a school director, I can go to a church and talk to the person in charge. I can be walking down the street and see a kid and I'm like wait, that kid can actually dance or do karate or cut walk. Our contact points are the directors, the school directors. I'm really working close with Kenya Previous School Association, different chapters in different counties. So my contact points mainly are the schools and now after the schools we get in touch with the parents because at the end of the day the parent is the decision maker. And once we've been having a challenge with that, parents still want, we are still in that era of academics. Pitam tihani, pitam tihani. So a kid can really be talented and ataka kufanya, batum zazi kuna vienye. So our program, kuna program tukonayo in itwa talent is not enough. So we are not just teaching on the technicalities of the talents, but we have kids self-development. We are teaching kids about self-awareness, self-acceptance, confidence, building their self esteem. Some other challenges that we may be facing is in Nairobi there is a lot of exposure. Kids have that, they have so many platforms. I mean there are so many events in Nairobi happening. But out there, out of Nairobi it's a hard sale. Going to schools and parents and telling them talent is something. It's a hard sale. So exposure for kids that are not in Nairobi and that is why we are on the lookout for what they can do. We travel all the way we come and give them that chance. I work with trainers in their different talents and I am so specific on the guys I bring on my team because you've got to be a professional. You know you can be a dancer but you're not doing it professionally. You can be a spoken word artist but you're not doing it professionally because at the end of the day you want to brand these kids. So we have trainers for different talents. So it's a music teacher, a sensei, a sensei is the karate master. Karate unategineza haki risa kwa na muria kwa na kwa fiskali fiti and the mind is set. So mini niya kwa nbachu. Chote nbachu tu kwa na fanya. Outu kwa na shida, fiskali fiti na haki risa kwa sawa. These kids tu na taka kwa na chasa sa diwa kwa karategas na wakena nidamu yahali. My favourite thing, my best moment about what I do working with kids is seeing them light up once they are performing. They come, they literally come alive. You will see a child dancing out there. But once that child starts dancing, oh my gosh, it's just amazing. She's seen the children coming alive. It's just one of my favourite moments. Karatega unategineza haki risa kwa na muria kwa na muria. So TAP Kids Africa is under a company, VF Communications. We are on Facebook VF Communications. And if any school director or parent would like to get in touch, I am available on call 0700 823 179. 0700 823 179.


Welcome to Ancient History. I'm Dr. Hannah Elbianke, and today we're going to be going over the introduction to the course. Each of the lessons, I'm going to ask you to focus in on three terms. These three terms are going to be the basis of your vocabulary assignment, and these terms also potentially will show up on either the midterm or the final. So it's a good idea to focus in on these terms as you're listening to the lecture today. So I want to focus in on Ancient History, Western Civilization, and Christendom. So pay attention to those terms. Those terms are also important part of the focus question. The focus question is also part of your weekly assignments. You're going to be asked to write an outline based on it, and it also could potentially show up on the midterm and the final. Before I answer those questions and look at those terms, I want to tell you a little bit about myself and the course. So I'm Dr. Bianchi. I'm a historian, of course, and I have my degrees in history. So I got my undergrad degree from Franciscan University of Steubenville. I was a double major in history and philosophy. After undergrad, I went to the University of Connecticut. I'm originally from Connecticut, so I went there for my master's degree in modern German history. And then for my PhD, I went to the Catholic University of America in D.C., and I got my PhD in modern British history. Now you might be wondering why somebody focused on modern history is teaching a course on Ancient History. Well, over the years, I've been teaching for about 15 years on the college level history. I've developed a real love for Ancient History. I developed a study abroad program to Rome, so I've been really interested in Ancient Rome and early Christian history. So even though my academic background isn't in Ancient History, I've taught this course dozens of times, and I've developed a real love and passion for it. So in addition to my background as a historian, I should also let you know that I am a Catholic. I'm a devout Catholic. And whenever you're teaching history, you try to be objective, right? But you always bring your bias, and I'm teaching from a Catholic perspective unabashedly. So I have to be honest to the sources, but I am very much directing this course in a way to inspire individuals in the Christian and Catholic faith. So what are the objectives of this course? What do I want you to take away from it? I've got three objectives. The first is I want you to know the material. Anytime an academic teacher teaches a course, obviously that's the first objective. I want you to know the people, the places, the events. I want you to know their significance and why they're important.  So if I taught you all this information and it wasn't meaningful to you, you'd probably find the course pretty boring and not important. So it's my job as an instructor to present all this information, but also to connect it to you. And so we're looking at, well, ancient history, Western Civ, Christendom, and I want you to be able to connect your education to the education in the ancient world. It's very simple for history, for example, we'll talk about in a second. It's a discipline that was invented in the ancient world. Now you're studying it, so I want you to make that connection. Politics. It's a huge topic, right? How do we have the American political system? Where did it come from? Well, you got to look at Greece and Rome to understand it. So I'm going to try to make that job. And lastly, culture.  Where does that come from? Well, the ancient world. So we're going to try to make those connections. And my third objective, it's kind of related to the second one, but it's more precise, is what are the religious connections? So for me, this is the most important, right?  So we're going to look at the Jewish heritage. We'll look at the ancient Israelites. We'll tell their story. We'll look at the incarnation. The most important event for me as a Catholic is that God became man. We'll study that from historical perspective. And then at the end of the course, we'll look at the roots of early Christianity and the early church. It's a really fascinating subject. So it's a little bit challenging to teach this course. There's been incredible changes in technology and politics and in culture in the last, you know, 100 years. I think back to my grandfather. My father was very old when he had me and my grandfather was pretty old when he had my father. My grandfather was actually born in the 1880s. It seems like a long time ago, right? He grew up in a farming village in Italy with no electricity, and he was living under a monarchy. My grandfather, when he was born, had more in common with an individual in ancient Mesopotamia that I'm going to talk about next class than with me. So there's been more change in the last 150 years with cars, electricity, the internet, democracy, phones, all of that than in the rest of recorded history. So it's incredibly challenging for somebody today to really understand an individual in the ancient world. They're so different than us. This is particularly true, I think, in the religious sphere. I think we live in a post-religious era, a post-Christian era, right? We don't think like Christians. We don't have a Christian culture. So it's good. And I think really important for us to look back at this ancient civilization and see a civilization that had a true religious mentality. And also this course, especially the second half, will look at the birth of a Christian culture, of a Christian civilization. Look at the very beginning of it, how it was constructed. So yes, it's going to be very difficult to understand these individuals. Some of your assignments is to read primary sources. It's not going to be easy. These people wrote a very different style of language, even though it's translated to modern English. It's going to be hard for you to understand some of the events that happened. But even though it's a challenging course, it's going to be incredibly rewarding. Because you're going to learn a lot, and particularly you're going to learn about the birth of Christendom. So this course has a guide, in addition to me, and it's Warren Carroll. He's the author of the textbook that we're using, The History of Christendom, volume 1, The Founding of Christendom. Now a little bit about Warren Carroll. Warren Carroll was the founder and president of Christendom College. In addition to that, he authored many books on history, and particularly on the Catholic Church. He died in 2011, and he has a huge legacy when it comes to history in the Catholic world. And this is particularly personal for me. When I went to Franciscan University in Steubenville, I was actually a math major. I took a lot of computer science courses, physics courses, and then over one summer I read this book. I read the textbook, The History of Christendom. And it was one of the few causes that made me switch majors from the sciences and math to history. In addition to the other causes that I studied abroad in Austria for a year, and I got to see history firsthand. But Warren Carroll played a huge role in my development as a historian. So this is very personal for me. Maybe you don't know what you're going to major in. You don't know what you want to be, right?  Maybe after this course, and after reading this textbook, you're going to think about becoming a historian. So there's a couple differences that I want to highlight between my lectures and the textbook. So I am not going to use Warren Carroll as a basis for my lectures. And you might be like, that's kind of confusing. Well, I would read a textbook and then have lectures and they're not the same. Well, number one, it would be a waste of time to just repeat what Warren Carroll says. You're going to read the textbook. That's part of your assignments, right? Secondly, out of pure humility, Warren Carroll is brilliant. He is a phenomenal historian. I can't improve on him. I'm not going to attempt to read Warren Carroll and say, I'm going to take this and then improve it and give it to you. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use a slightly different approach. So I'm going to highlight some of the differences so that you understand it. So as you read the textbook and you hear the lectures, you're going to say, OK, these are different. It's intentional. I think it's kind of a waste of time to just repeat the words of Carroll. And I don't think that just out of sheer humility that I can improve upon him. So Warren Carroll is very much interested in personal stories. That's what makes him a great author and that you're going to really enjoy reading his books. So he focuses on the great men and women of history. I'm going to take a slightly different approach. I'm not going to be focused so much on individuals, but I'm going to look at more wider trends. Also, I have much less time. I've only got 30 minutes in these lectures. So I'm going to focus in on intellectual, cultural, and social movements, which Warren Carroll doesn't cover in his textbook. The second thing is that Carroll uses a very strong narrative approach. What does that mean? It means it's chronological. So if you look at his chapters, everything happens within a specific date range. I'm going to use themes. So each lecture is going to have a specific theme, and I might go back and forth in history. So in the chapters, you'll find that you might be in Rome, then you're going to be in Jerusalem, then you might go to Greece. Everything is happening within a specific time. For the lectures, I'm going to pick one area, one topic, one individual, and I'm going to focus in on one question. So it's going to be more thematic. Now those themes are going to be chronological, obviously. It wouldn't be a good historian if I was jumping all around. But I'm just going to focus in on Alexander the Great, for example, and do a lecture straight on Alexander the Great. Or I'm going to just look at Roman politics. Just talk about Roman politics. It might cover 600 years of Roman politics. And so your readings for the textbook might not be one chapter for each lesson. Or there might be even some lessons when I'm talking about culture movements, because Warren Carroll doesn't talk about culture movements where there's no textbook reading. And my last difference is that Warren Carroll is writing on Christendom. It's the foundations of Christendom. I'm going to look a little bit wider. I'm going to provide a wider lens, more context than the book. So where he's looking at the history of Christendom, I'm teaching a standard Western Civ ancient history course. It's going to spend a little bit more time, for example, looking at the Greeks. Or a little bit more backstory on the Romans. Now I'm very influenced by Warren Carroll. So if you go to a standard college and take a Western Civ course, you're not going to have six lectures on the Israelites. You might have one. So I'm going to provide a lot more on that story, particularly have a lot of lectures on the early church that you wouldn't get in a regular history course. But I am going to go in a little bit more detail on some of the secular history, particularly with Greece and Rome, and give you the backstory. Because if you're taking an ancient history course and you don't get a healthy dose of Greece and Rome, then you're going to be a disadvantage when you go to another school and they expect you to have that background knowledge. So those are some differences. It's not that my approach is better than Carroll's. It's just that we're using a different approach. And I would say hands down, Warren Carroll is a vastly superior historian to me and you're really going to enjoy reading that textbook. And there's many more volumes after that first volume. I'm saying when you're done with this course to read those as well. And if you do, I'm most going to guarantee you'll be a history major when you go to college. So where am I going to start? Where am I going to start? Okay, now that I've got that background information. Well, I'll begin with a little story. I was teaching a medieval history course. And about halfway through the course, a student raises his hand and I go, yes. And he says, when are we going to get to the Nazis? I hope you get that joke. It's a true story, but I read a hard time not laughing. Because there's no Nazis in medieval history course. And after that happened to me when I was starting as a teacher, I said, you know what? On the first day, I'm going to go over the title of the course. So if you sign up for a medieval course, you know what the medieval period is. I just assumed you knew what the medieval period was. And that you're not halfway through the course being like, what are the Nazis coming? So there's no Nazis in ancient history. That's what you're interested in. I'm sorry, you signed up for the wrong course. So let's talk about those three terms in a little bit more detail. What is ancient history? History of Christendom? And what is Western civilization? All right. What's ancient history? What is history? It seems so easy. But it's really a difficult concept. The simple answer is that history is the study of the past. But we got to be more precise. We got to be more nuanced. Particularly when we're talking about the academic discipline of history. What did I have for lunch? That was in the past. But it's not part of the discipline. So everything that happens in the past is not part of the discipline. So let's go back to the Greeks. They invented history. We'll talk about these individuals. We'll talk about Herodotus and the father of history. The word history is Greek, Historia, and it means inquiry, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. So it's an investigation. It's not just about the past. It's listing things. It's an investigation. In particular, the modern discipline is we are trying to answer questions about the past. It's more than random events. More than the list of things I ate for lunch. It's formulating an argument. This is hugely important. This is why every lesson has a focus question. We're trying to answer a question using history, using past events. What caused World War I? It's a great question about the past. So how would you answer that question? What would be your method? One method would be to look at a history book or ask your history teacher. We'll call it World War I. I'm going to pick up a book on World War I. Those are secondary sources. What do I mean by secondary sources? They didn't experience the events that happened in question. If you asked me about World War I, I can give you an answer, but I didn't fight in World War I. So it's good, but it's not the best. If you want the best answer for what happened in the past to answer your question, to formulate an argument, you're going to look at primary sources and good secondary sources. If I'm a good historian, I'm going to be sharing primary sources with you. So that's why every single lesson, I'm going to share primary source. In the guidebook, every lesson has a primary source. If you take a history course and you don't look at any primary sources, it's a pretty bad historian and it's a bad history course. So the best answers are primary sources, written during the time period, and that is the key to history. These primary sources that we're going to look at are the tools of the historian. In the first written documents, we have to go about 6,000 years ago, and so that's the beginning of history. We have these first old-right written documents in Mesopotamia and in Egypt. So in summary, history, if you want a clear definition, it's a discipline that answers questions about the past by analyzing written documents. Got it. That's our first term. We need it to define, I feel good, we're moving in the right direction. So now let's go to ancient. Again, we're taking an ancient history course. We've got history down, now let's go to ancient. Ancient, thank goodness, is a little bit easier to define. It's a period of human history. And the key word here, again, is history. It's about written documents. And I would say that ancient is the first period of human history. So we're going to go back 5,000 years ago to that's the very beginning of ancient history, one of the oldest written documents. This is the beginning of ancient history. Before that date, before we have written documents, it's a period called prehistory. Now, so that date is a little fluid. It's the very beginning of written documents. We go back to 3,000 or so BC. So we're going to start there. We're going to start at that period. We're not going back to the very, very beginning. We're going to the beginning of written documents. What's the end date of ancient history? It's a little bit more complicated and contested. So we could say that the end of ancient history is the fall of the Roman Empire in the West. That's a little date that we can use for 76 AD. We'll use that. Now, there's some people that call for a period in between ancient history called late antiquity, but we're not going to get into that debate. So 476, we could say ancient history is over. The Roman Empire is over. That's the beginning of the Middle Ages or the medieval period. Our book ends with Constantine, so that's where we're going to end. Again, just to summarize, we're going to begin with the beginning of written records, about 3,000 BC, and go all the way to Constantine. So if you really want a true, complete ancient history course, I would say go all the way to the end of the Roman Empire around the year 476. All right. Before I next class, I'm going to go into the beginning of history, but I think it would be worth just to say a word about the movement or the period called prehistory. So what happens before history? There's a date, there's a period before the academic discipline of history begins. And again, I've mentioned this numerous times. The date is when written documents begin. And it's before that, it's prehistory. So this is extremely important for our understanding of periodization.  So you can look at archaeology, for example, material culture. So if I'm looking at like axes or arrows or pottery before this period, I have no skill to do that as a historian. An archaeologist would do that. If you showed me a bunch of pottery, I wouldn't know what to do with it. I've studied history for 13 years post-secondary. I've never looked at pottery. That's an archaeologist, okay? If you bring me human bones and ask me questions about it, that's not my discipline. That's anthropology, particularly physical anthropology. They could tell you about these bones and how old they were and what they ate, okay? If you wanted to study hunters and gatherers, and you went to the Amazon and you studied hunters and gatherers to understand about this prehistory period, that's not historians, that's cultural anthropology. Another truly fascinating discipline is genetics. So people that study genetics, you can look at the mutations in your DNA. Again, I don't know how it works, and you can know a lot about history, human migrations. There's a huge business that's exploding by looking at your DNA and telling your family history. But there's fascinating results. For example, they've been able to determine that all humans have come from one female. Kind of supports the Catholic view of Adam and Eve. Linguists, they study different languages and how they've changed over time. This was incredibly popular about 100, 150 years ago. When people studied ancient history, they studied languages, and they grouped people together by what language group they were. So we're going to talk a little bit about that as our course progresses. But those are linguists. So all of these people could study the period before written documents like looking at bones, genetics, pottery, all this stuff. But historians, we're not looking at it until we have a written document. I like the clarity of history. I like when you have that first document, you see that clay tablet with the cuneiform on it, and it says there was a guy, Bob, who was a farmer who owned a cow. And I'm like, I know that. I know that there's that Bob. He has a farm, he's got a cow. It's got a lot of clarity. All right, let's talk about Western civilization. I'm going to spend a lot of time looking at civilization next class. So I'm going to be very, very brief here. So it's root is the word civitas, which is Latin for city. What makes cities possible? Well, the Neolithic Revolution, which is also called the agricultural revolution. So it's farming, which makes cities and civilization possible. So we'll talk about this next class in the importance of agriculture. But it's different from the period before that primitive civilizations, which had hunters and gatherers, which had very small groups, which used only stone tools, limited culture, no writing, and thus prehistory. But next class we'll get to that word civilization and really develop it and look at all the characteristics of a civilization. But for now, it's just civilization is based on cities and cities is based on farming. Now let's look at that other part of civilization. I mean Western civilization, Western. So ancient is not regional. There's ancient history all over the world. But we're looking at a specific ancient civilization we call Western. So it's not West, lower case like directional. It's West with a uppercase W, the West. It's a specific region, but it changes over time. So when we start our story of Western civilization, we start in the Middle East. That's where Western civilization begins. Then North Africa. So that's where we're going to spend the first couple of lectures. And then Western civilization moves. It moves to Greece. That becomes the center of Western civilization. And then Rome. That's where our course will end. But after that, the center of Western civilization becomes France and Britain. And now the center of Western civilization is the United States. So that's why we're studying Western civilization. Because if you're American and you want to know the roots of American society, democracy, capitalism, then you want to look at the origins of Western civilization, see where it came from. As a Catholic, it's hugely important. The most important event in human history, the incarnation, the rise of Christianity or faith, it happened in Western civilization. God became man in Western civilization. We need to tell that story. That's why I'm focusing on it. There isn't a lot of other civilizations doing this ancient period that are part of history. So if you look at the Americas, Sahara, Africa, there's not a lot of written documents during this time period. So I'm not ignoring other histories that just doesn't really exist. There's only one other civilization that is as ancient as Western civilization that I'm really not going to talk about. And that is Chinese civilization. They had these oracle bones, which are animal bones, which scribbled Chinese characters on it. They'd eat them, they'd crack, and they'd be able to predict the future based on these. So these are the oldest examples of Chinese writing. It goes back thousands of years. So they had a history. Unfortunately, I'm not going to be able to talk about it because we're focused in Western civilization. China, as United Kingdom, comes into existence around 200 B.C. under the chin. And then you have the Great Han Dynasty, which was at the same time period as the Roman dynasty in the West. Now there's interesting trade back and forth in the Silk Road. Again, extremely interesting, but we're not going to talk about it in this course. Our last term that we're going to discuss is Christendom. Christendom is the visible sign of Christ on Earth. What does that mean? It means there's an alliance between Christianity and the public sphere, between Christianity and politics. Christendom starts with Constantine. He's the founder of Christendom. And that's our last lecture in the course. So we're working there. We're getting there. The whole 30 lessons is getting to this point. Now after Constantine, there's ups and downs. There's the glory, the high point of Christendom and the high Middle Ages. Now, unfortunately, we're in a valley. We live in a post-Christian world. So this course is about the foundations, building it. And I think it's important to look back at how Christendom was built months before, to look at the examples of the early church when the church was hidden and persecuted. And I think that there's some pertinent lessons that can be learned about that period. For your primary source today, I want you to look at St. Augustine City of God. It was written 100 years after Constantine. And Rome is falling. So he's trying to answer some of those questions. And he writes about these two cities. I quote, Two cities have been founded by two loves. They're earthly by the love of self, even to the contempt of God. They're heavenly by the love of God, even to the contempt of self. The former in a world glories in itself, the latter in the Lord. For the one seeks glory for men, but the greatest glory of the other is God. So the city of God is similar to Christendom. And where the city that focuses on oneself and one's own glory is similar to a secular society. So there's a struggle between the city of God and the city of man that's very relevant. All right, before I end this lecture, I just want to make a couple points about dates. Modern historians use CE common error and BCE before common error. I'm going to use the traditional dates, AD, onodomony in the year of our Lord, and BC before Christ. So I just want to get that out there. The second thing is that ancient dates are extremely contested. It's very hard to know when Abraham lived. It's tricky. Carol's dates in the textbook are not universally accepted. There's been a lot of debate back and forth. So don't panic about the exact dates if I use different dates than Carol does in the textbook. Because there's no agreement on the exact dates. I'm going to use, particularly in the first third of the course, just estimates centuries or even centuries. It's not really until Greeks and Romans that we have exact dates that everybody agrees upon. So in the first couple of lectures, if I say a date that's a little different than Carol, don't panic. You go online. You're going to find 10 other different dates. So wait until we get into the classical period with Greece and Rome, or we're going to have exact dates that everybody agrees upon. Alright, so in conclusion, today we covered the objectives of the course. I talked a little bit about the instructor myself in the book. We focused on these three terms, ancient history, western civilization, and the history of Christendom. And your focus question is going to ask you to look at all three together. So next class we're going to get into content. We'll look at Mesopotamia and the beginning of civilization. I hope you enjoyed the lecture and I'll see you next time.


Welcome back to our discussion on breaking the barriers in peripheral arterial disease, in peripheral arterial interventions. Our guest today is Dr. Montero Baker, and he will share his personal views on this particular topic. Tell us a little bit about Wi-Fi classification, and what is the importance of this classification, and how it helps us in managing patients with critical in viscimia? So, in a very brief description as to why this article was developed, is for many years we were only using Rutherford classification to determine the complexity of our patients, and a lot of the industry studies were based on this Rutherford classification. The problem with Rutherford is that it's a classification based on tissue loss and some symptoms. And so it creates very big pockets for patients that may be very different amongst each other. And so when you have very heterogeneous groups of patients, then it's really difficult to understand how to better suit their needs. A Rutherford class five with minor tissue loss can be a patient with infection, with no infection, with some severe wound, or maybe a small wound, and it was to a certain degree very vague. The Wi-Fi is an attempt by the Society of Vascular Surgery to create an algorithm by which you unite maybe the three main drivers of major amputation and the need for revascularization. And those are the wound, and how extensive the wound is, the degree of ischemia of the patient, and then last but not least, the foot infection. So if you grab those three variables, you construct the wound ischemia foot infection and that makes Wi-Fi, which surely has nothing to do with our internet, but it was obviously a very catchy way to demonstrate this. Now this just shows, as I said before, the Wi-Fi on the right. Of course, you're gonna look at the patient as a whole, the status, the anatomy, the limb status, all these things, but Wi-Fi just was a way to try to say, what can we do easier? Now if you think about these, each grade goes from zero to four, and so it creates a 64 classification brackets, and then those 64 go on to be subclassified into four stages. So a group of those fall into the very low-risk patients, and then a group of those fall into very high-risk patients that actually are not only high-risk, but that would benefit the most out of interventions. We actually just now, about a month ago, published this one paper showing that within about four hospitals with almost 3,000 patients, the grid shows itself very nicely as to the risk of amputation. So on the far left, you see those that didn't have a lot of risk, and then as you go into the more complex stages, it definitely shows an increscendo risk. And one of the things also very important in this paper is that really the wound seems to be the most important driver in all these cases of what leads to be the possible alternative of this patient. At least we're trying to subclassify the patients better. So creating a logical construct that allows you to evaluate and treat the patient, it allows some predictability because if you can tell the patient early on that this is a long course of action, then they may be clear on what the expectations are. It may identify those that could be revascularized early. And then some people think that maybe in the setting of a good vein, depending on the wifi stage, maybe you should opt for an open versus an end-to-approach. Obviously, there's a lot of work still needed. And I would say for those of you that are techies enough and probably if you're looking at this, you are. But this is the Society of Aska Surgery app. And so if you go and you put it on your smartphone, you can actually classify your patients with wifi and then exercise as it takes about 20 seconds. So it's not that complicated. And I think in the future, it may be a way to audit and compare outcomes and costs, improve selection of the revascularization. It's a nice restaging tool because you can stage at the beginning. And certainly a tool to advise the patients of what their expectations should be. So I think it's fair to say that Dr. Joseph Mills, your colleague, your partner, and the Chief of Aska Surgery was instrumental in publishing this information in the early stages and also promoting it together with you and your other colleagues all over the world. So this is now well-accepted classification. Yeah, I would say probably the two main drivers were Dr. Joseph Mills and then Michael Conti and UCSF. They've been historical advocates for it. And then I think it's been nice to see that it's been well-received as I think it helps. Again, it doesn't matter what your background is, it's nice to be able to tell the patient some expectations and say, hey, we're gonna do everything we can. But you are looking at a long-term recovery with X percentage of risk in losing your limb despite whatever we can do or best medical management. And again, don't get me wrong, I don't think that this is a way to go back to the turf wars about end or open. It may just be that in a certain type of patient, you may have to prep them. That if you go the end or out because maybe they don't have a saphenous conduit, they may need multiple interventions in the stages three or four. And that's something that should be a conversation on the table. Understand you may have to have more than one procedure because patients, a lot of times, thinks is a one and done in medicine. And most times and none, it's not just one time. We have to go back and continue working on them. Right, so continue on that topic. I would like for you to mention to us, when do you use a hybrid approach? What are the typical scenarios? Give us some examples. So hybrid approach would be having two different techniques that work together. So getting the best out of endo and the best out of open, if you may. Many times driven by the vascular surgeons, but I'm very happy to say that I'm seeing more and more vascular surgeons and non-operative interventionists working together in a case. I think probably one of the most frequent hybrid approaches that we see is when there's severe disease in the common femoral and the aorta iliac system. So a very nice approach is to do a bilateral endarterectomy with patch. And then right then and there, you could actually reconstruct the aorta iliac system with covered stents that may lead in complex scenarios to lung and good pain rates. So I think that's a very good scenario where we see this a lot. A lot of, more that I'm also seeing is patients that have had already multiple interventions and that unfortunately have maybe occluded bypasses or such. Then you have to get very creative with how can you get flow. And sadly, we don't necessarily are able to rescue the bypasses all the time. So we could do bypasses down to the knee or below the knee pop. And then we could go with endo through the bypass and then work on the below the knee vessels, which I think is also a very nice and very good way when you have a severely disease as a phase segment or again already occluded bypasses from the past. Then you can start using these very fancy bypasses off of the profunda into the lateral anterior tibial or into the popliteal. And then you bring the patient back or at the same time and go through the bypass and then work with endo from the knee down and then from the ankle down. Cause as much as we are good surgeons in the distal territory, it's hard to ever think that open can reach the distances that a wire can. Cause right now it's not rare that we'll do metatarsal artery angioplasty for specific cases. So I think it's really exploded in many ways our abilities to combine both techniques and have sound results for the patients. So finally, you are a very unique vascular surgeon because you had extensive and complete training in vascular surgery and also extensive experience in endovascular approach. You spent several years in the center where they were doing endovascular approach in a variety of scenarios and you gained tremendous expertise. Can you tell us where are we now as far as vascular surgery, training progress I'm concerned and vascular surgery in general as far as embracing the endovascular techniques. And is it almost mandatory at the present time that you have to have skills in both to be able to offer to your patients the best medical care that there is? It's a very interesting question. And if you look at the VQI analysis which is a vascular quality initiative that's actually a very large data set that's driven by the Society of Asks Surgeon. The practices in America are so different. You have actually practices that have 100% open and you have practices that are on the over 90% endo. So we clearly don't see eye to eye from one vascular surgeon to the other. But I do believe that if you look at the trends in endovascular therapy, overall when you compare all specialties maybe in the last 10 years interventional radiology has decreased and that has been taken up primarily by vascular surgery. So I do believe that we are in a process of morphing into being much more accepting and being more comfortable. I think most training, remember the VQI has training and not training practices. So you may have private practices that are driven by somebody that just does bypasses. But in most training, ACGME training paths it is a necessity to have endovascular therapy.  Not necessarily and I do believe that that depends on the program. And so for trainees, it's very important that they look at what they like or what they're seeking in a program as when they apply that they can get what they want. And then we also have I think practices that are very limb exuberant, limb preservation exuberant like our own. And then we have practices that are very focused on the aortic pathology. It's primarily up in the northeast and northwest areas of America. The aortic belt, if you may. But this is what I believe we're seeing. And I really think that most vascular surgeons should feel comfortable with endo as it can create the most unbiased approach to your patient when your technical bias is removed from the algorithm of care, I think the patient will win. And that can be also bridged in non-vascular surgeons by working together with vascular surgeons. Right, I'm very impressed how the educational program at Baylor College of Medicine is rapidly progressing with your presence and Dr. Joseph Mills presence because I see that our program is advancing very rapidly towards endovascular field. Of course, surgical techniques are also very important skill that those physicians in training need to have in their momentarium, but I think it's very positive. The question is, as you mentioned, there are some practices, vascular surgery practices that almost exclusively use open techniques. And it's not that they don't believe in it, they just don't see a proper avenue how to gain skill and expertise in endovascular techniques. So that's going to be a challenge for them because in my opinion, I don't know if you share my view, they will be left behind in the next four or five or 10 years because the patients will demand, the institutions will demand to reduce the cost and mortality and morbidity of the procedure. So I think that's an important step in the future. Absolutely, I would say that if you go to the Society of Vascular Surgery work bank, alternate positions posted out there, most of them actually demand that there's an endovascular training on there. So even the professional scope now, if you don't have that, your alternatives to find an adequate job can be limited by that. So at the end of this presentation, I would like to ask you, and this is related to breaking the barriers in the peripheral vascular field as far as surgery and interventions are concerned, what are the unmet needs? Something where we still have a burning desire to get certain technologies, techniques, or even acceptance from the payers to be able to advance and offer better treatment to our patients. Yeah, there's obviously the more you progress and the more you find questions that need answers. But one of the main needs, I think, that would help all of this moving forward, technology, catheters, stents, whatever you want, is creating objective performance goals. So an electrophysiologist, when he's working on the table in a patient's heart, has EKGs of multiple types that guide him in this process of getting the patient to a better spot. For us, we don't have a lot of things. So I'll invite you to see this first slide where it shows it seems like we have an ischemic tissue and a magic threshold that turns him into non-ischemic. But then that threshold itself may be, in a way, altered by patterns of disease, the wound care, or even the comorbidities of the patient. But when we don't know what the threshold of oxygenation or perfusion is, then in many ways I feel we're trending blindly. I have done some work with this particular technology and not that I'm saying this is gonna be the answer, but just starting to see disruption in the field of how to measure objectively what our results are, if you can get an on-the-table objective feedback, this will be beautiful. So this is an oxygen sensor that gets injected into the patient's skin. And then with a special reader, you can actually identify conditions of low or high oxygenation. So we moved past, we did many years ago, the first in-man protocols in a study called CSE puede, which I authored in the Journal of Ascular Surgery with the objective of showing that it could be done, that we could sense oxygen and defeat it. Sounds political a little bit. A little bit. But this is now the new and improved omnia, which means oxygen monitoring near ischemic areas. And we have three sites actively enrolling in Europe. And we're looking at patients that have CLI, and we put a sensor in the arm and then three sensors in each foot to try to hit every angiosome of the foot. I'm not gonna go into extreme detail, but we do follow these patients very closely, and we try to identify what their on-table oxygenation changes were, what their monthly oxygenations are, and how these patients did clinically. The operator is blinded, because at this point we don't really know how to interpret the information. So we're not sharing it with anybody, we're just looking at trends of oxygen. And so here it shows very quickly how these patients have shown in these clusters, how you can actually find those that increased oxygen during the procedure improved very well. And then some clusters showing that these patients may have not necessarily done very well on the acute setting. Now, one of the things that I think will lead, and this is very preliminary data, but I would like to think that we would have some degree of information like this. This just shows on the top, your angiographic assessment, technical success, partial success, or maybe technical failure. On the y-axis, you see the looming, in other words, the oxygen change. You had a high oxygen change, a moderate oxygen change, or a low oxygen change. And if you interlace these, then you can find that these two patients probably may be seen maybe in a month, maybe in two months they did good. It's a success at all costs. Then you have this gray area where it's patients that you're not happy with the angel, but the oxygenation actually was good enough to maybe you stop the procedure, you don't push the patient, you don't give them more contrast or radiation, and reexamining the patient. Certainly in those that obviously look bad on both fronts should be immediately referred to either a bypass or a secondary procedure like arterialization. And then certainly those that may require even palliative care because they may not have any options. So who knows? This is just a very preliminary proposal of what technology that assesses perfusion may allow operators in the future to know. And I wanted to share it because I think people should follow this study as it matures because it will be the next frontier. We need more information to better take care of our patients. So Dr. Montero Baker, can you tell us what are the overall conclusions related to the topic that we just discussed? Yeah, well, what a great discussion and what great topics, but I would say I'll maybe invite you to walk through this conclusion slide that I put together. I think peripheral arterial disease has certainly devolved into a much more complicated disease pattern based primarily by severe calcification in patients that have renal failure and longstanding diabetes. I really think multidisciplinary teams are a must in order to offer good solutions. And this means collaborative and unbiased work. I really think highly trained tow and flow teams should be developed and this goes to the foot surgeon too, whoever that will be because it is not your typical foot surgery. I think revascularization techniques have evolved to treat a wider portfolio of complex lesions. I do believe classic surgery, open surgery, will continue to be mainstream. That is part of some particular cases. Advanced bidirectional and oascular therapy has certainly emerged as a safe and effective tool and no option patients, these are terializations of venous plexus, have what seems to be some strong signals, we will have to see how they do and how they pan out. We're now certainly part of some of the studies moving forward. And last but not least, least risk stratification and development of objective performance goals and profusion goals will help better delineate care of these patients in the future. Very good, excellent. Thank you very much for this very informative presentation on treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease related to breaking the barriers in vascular interventions. We certainly hope that the individuals that are interested in this particular topic will see this of benefit and use it in their future for treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Thank you very much. Thank you, Dr. Frazier. As always, it's an honor to be here with the Texas Heart Institute Group.


Hey everybody Good afternoon. This is Jun Chen from easy stack has a product manager and this is my colleague homing Is our funding software engineer on the today we will show you the ESCAS 3.0 version which provide a container orchestration capacity Multitenancy bare metal in dedicated cloud. So let's begin our demo and the session today There's this full part of this Topic, yeah, we all talk about the easy side who is it's like and we what we are doing and We all show you the ESCAS recap in the previous OpenStack submit Demo session and we all show you the ESCAS 3.0 the new version of the easy stack product and the the last part of you I'll give you a Demo show Now let's talk about the easy side mission We intend to be a world-class software and a company to taking open source technology as a core It's what we intend to be and what we are doing now in China So let's talk about the easy stack. We are the OpenStack foundation's gold member We are the Linux foundation civil member and we can meet the code as in Mitaka and Newton release TC approved projects contributions Global top 10 and the ESCAS product has gained the governor 2016 Co-wander we provide product and service to over 100 enterprise customers Including the Union pay the state grade the China mobile China telecom post-saving banking of China and the Lenovo SFX price and so on so all these customers They are the biggest Enterprise customer in China market. So in the previous OpenStack foundation Meetings they are talk about that. There are eight biggest customers in the China market. There are six of them. We are served and we provide the production environment in them Now this is the recap of the ESCAS 1.0 and 2.0 versions We have already done to provide dedicated isolated and elastic OpenStack cloud We see in the self-service dashboard and we provide a unified container management platform to provide a mess of Container orchestration engine Above the OpenStack Now let's talk about the ESCAS 3.0 In this version of ESCAS we provide a container orchestration management based on the Kubernetes You can use it on the dashboard and the man to you pod service replication controller and so on we can provide a container cluster on bare metal Which based on the bare metal multi-tenancy features you can have the pretend Bare metal cluster with running Kubernetes and you can manage the the container rise the applications upon them use dashboard and This all based on the dedicated host isolated network and the exclusive storage you can have the totally isolated OpenStack cloud with the ability to manage VM Bare metal and virtual machines. That's what ESCAS 3.0 do This is the Architecture function architecture of the ESCAS 3.0 dashboard you can have the dedicated cloud on the the servers Above that we deploy the OpenStack service like no was in the newtron Keystone glance and we have enable to use ironic and the KVM hypervisor to provide a virtual machines and the bare metal resources about that we have can we can Deploy a Kubernetes method or swarm cluster on the virtual machines or bare metal bare metals So all these resources you can use a ESCAS 3.0 dashboard to manage them Now this is the detail architecture that we gave you this to my colleague homing to introduce this to us Thank you. Good afternoon everyone. I'm homing from easy stack As my colleague Chen said next I will introduce our new container service features in our ESCAS 3.0 and I will demo one platform for VM container and bare metals And as shown in the arcade architecture picture We build our container service based on community Magnum, Kubernetes and the open source container solutions and Based on that we have done more to make container service production ready Is the next I will demo the How our one platform to manage bare metal and container service this first We look in our dashboard Okay, this is our dashboard and then we change to Container panel. Okay for time saving. I just created a bare metal Kubernetes cluster before the demo and Let's say How to manage the cluster? This is the service or say And the port then let's create a complete one let's create one application simple Mario The name Mario And we set the replica to three and a CPU Memory and we choose the image Mario port We create a notepad service Okay, here is the Application application creation interface is very simple Let's just create it. Okay. We can say the port is running under the RC replica 3 Port are running and the service the service is Successfully created Okay. Okay. That's the live demo about how to Simply manage container service based on bare metal That's the live demo Thanks homing. Now. Let's introduce the whole product line of the yes cloud expect for the Container management you can see we have the replication controller management now the Super Mario application is running here We can scale the Super Mario to about six replica now you can see the part is expanding and Use the dashboard you can manage the Kubernetes service very Simple we can see the the node information is here and you can see the kernel version system and You have can change the namespace of Kubernetes to manage you Container application cluster Let's see here and In the in the name you can see we have computer resources volume resources we have the Unified storage solutions like the NAS service object storage and the volume snapshot backup and the blocks block storage service and What's more you can see we have the bare metal service you can this deploy a bare metal instance here and set the Nick to the bare metal service to Realize that the bare metal is Belong to you tenant in a the mean managed you can see you have all the resources Management and we have the ticket system. We have the billing system all this belong to this. Yes, cause 3.0 version dashboard Okay, let's move on These features we are highlight some features like a multi-tenant of every Resources we have the service rc port management. We have the container image warehouse We have the unified API to manage all these resources together We have you reuse open stack resources to provide multiple kind of cloud cloud applications We can support great applications by YAML Let me come back to easy stack easy stack product line is here We have the yes cast 3.0 for all this together We have the yes cloud pass for the industrial product line like a container service big data Which based on the Sahara we have the database like 12. We have I see and then every solutions for the telecom Customers we have yes cloud the base Open stack solutions of easy stack. We have all these components in the Yes cloud right now and we have yes core because We do open stack that but it's exact for the open stack You have to the more late a lower components like operation system and Safe or the least kernel we have all contribute all this code to the community and the state up online to Make sure that all the customers environment is stable and secure This is this is a in Barcelona submit we have three other sessions you can choose to learn We want to highlight that the first is the post the saving bank of China with the most of Autolidus in place mobile internet by using open stack You can see us here and the sense We are a 33 you can find us here. Thank you. Thank you all the listening