First of all, I'd like to thank the organizers for the invitation. And today we'll speak about my joint work with Sasha Boffetov, which is in progress. In January, it was devoted to some dynamical properties of determinational random point processes. And more precisely, we'll speak about the behavior of trajectories of the sine process. And despite that, Yan Shih has already spoke about determinational processes. Let me, however, recall some basic definitions. But I'll do this in a very informal way. Okay, sorry. So, definitions. And they will not be regrouped. Determinational random point processes is a special class of random point processes. So, let me first define the random point processes in general. To this end, let me take some phase space. Let it be just the real line. If you want, you can consider Rn, but it will be just the same. For simplicity, I take determinational random point processes on the real line. And let us just take some particles and let drop them randomly at this line. In such a way that, first, each throw, the number of particles, by this sign, I will denote the number of particles, is less or equal than countable. And second, for any borrowed set of the real line, the number of particles, which hits this set, is finite. So, you have some bounded set. Here you can have only finite number of particles. And this construction is called the random point process. In order to define it rigorously, you need to take the space. Space is the space of locally finite configurations on R. You need to take some sigma algebra. Sigma algebra is just a sigma algebra generated by random variables of this type. And then you just take some probability measure on the space and the sigma algebra, and the triple of the space, the sigma algebra, and the measure is called random point process. Let us assume that there exists the correlation functions. The correlation functions is a family of functions raw n, where n is more than or equal to 1. The function raw n is a function from Rn. So, the function of n variables to R+. Such that for any points x1, xn from R, which are disjoint, we have the following simple relation. So, the probability that in infinitely small neighborhoods of each of points x1 and so on, xn, you have exactly one particle. Exactly one particle equals to raw n of x1 and so on, xn dx1 dxn. So, somehow the correlation function can be seen as a probability density, if you are interested in only fixed number of particles and you aren't interested in the other particles. And usually in applications such functions exist. Let me mention that maybe the simplest example of random point process. This is a Poisson process. This is a random point process because you can see the points of increase of this process as particles, which you drop on the real line. And then the correlation functions, they are just constant and they equal to lambda to the power n, where lambda is a parameter of the Poissonian process. Okay, now definition. A random point process is called determinantial, if there exists the function k of two variables, which is called the correlation kernel or just the kernel, such that we have that the correlation functions have the following determinantial form. So, it's a determinant of the following matrix k of x1 x1 and so on k of x1 xn, k of xn x1 and so on, k of xn xn. And it should be true for any n. So, from the first point of view, the determinantial process is something extremely special, because you take the correlation functions of some very special form, but it turns out that they appear naturally in many areas of mathematical physics and mathematics. In particular, they play the crucial role in the random matrix theory, they play an important role in the representation theory in statistical mechanics and in quantum mechanics also. And one of the most known representatives of determinantial processes is the sine process, which is given by the following correlation, which has the following simple form. So, k of xy equals to sine of x minus y over pi x minus y. And Yanxi have already defined, in fact, the sine kernel, but here he had something like p times alpha, it's just a question of normalization, it's basically the same object. Okay, unfortunately I have no time to explain you, to give you detailed examples where the sine process arises, but let me, however, say a couple of words about this. Let us consider a large random matrix with independent entires, which are Gaussian, and in such a way that the matrix is Hermitian. And then if you calculate the eigenvalues of this matrix, since the matrix is Hermitian, they are real, and then you study what happens when the size of the matrix goes to infinity, it turns out that the eigenvalues under some proper normalization are governed exactly by the sine process. And moreover, so it means that the particles, which drop on the real line under sine process, can be considered just as the eigenvalues of such an infinite random matrix under proper normalization. Moreover, it turns out that this holds not only for such a random matrix that I described, but it holds for a large class of random matrices, and you always get the sine process like a universal limit. In particular, it's interesting because it was developed by physicists because such eigenvalues of such random matrices described well behavior of energy levels in some quantum systems. Ок, так, я надеюсь, что вы поверите мне, что рандомные процессы, и, в частности, сайл процессов, не нужны. Так что, давайте вернусь к тому, что я говорю, почти к тому, что я говорю сейчас, в центре лимитного теория. Давайте рассмотрим сайл процесса. Во-первых, я говорю только о сайл процессе. Здесь у нас реальная линия, и т.д. И давайте рассмотрим время интервала, не время интервала, но просто интервала 0, n. И давайте найдем число т.д., в котором идет интервала 0, n. И давайте рассмотрим, что происходит, когда n идет к инфинити. Что это behavior of this random variable? Конечно, это increases, но вопрос это как? И ответ к вопросу, который был длина к феймерскому физическому костюмам, и лебевцам 95. Они показали, что это behavior является оборудованием центра лимитного теория. Просто в обычном состоянии, в центре лимитного теории. Больше, как они предназначены random variable psi n, which equals to the number of particles hitting the interval 0, n, minus its expectation, just as usual in the central limit theorem. And over the square root of the variation of this number of particles. And then it turns out that this random variable in distribution converges weekly when n goes to infinity to a standard Gaussian random variable. psi is standard Gaussian. However, the situation here turns out to be, in fact, very unusual because of the following. If you calculate the variation of the number of particles hitting the interval 0, n, you will find that it behaves as a logarithm of n, as n goes to infinity. So the variation grows really slowly because usually in the central limit theorem you have a linear growth of the variation. And if you calculate the expectation of this number of particles, you will get just a usual linear growth as in classical central limit theorem. So it just equals to n. Yeah. n over... Yeah, I have pi here. I think that's okay. My intensity... Wait, wait, wait. Ah, yes, sorry, sorry, sorry. Yes, I think that... Yes, sorry. Should be correct. Okay. And it's well-known that for classical systems where the central limit theorem holds, we also have the functional central limit theorem or the Don's-Kirch invariance principle, what is the same? Roughly speaking, it says the following if a random variable is governed at infinity by the central limit theorem, and its trajectories are governed by the Brownian motion. And however, for determinational processes nothing is known about behavior of the trajectories and even for the sine process. So the question we pose is actually can we prove something as a functional central limit theorem if we have the Brownian motion under the limit and if not, then what do we have? A standard way to speak about the functional central limit theorem is the following. We need to consider the following random process. So we need to take the random variable from the central limit theorem and to insert the time here. So t is time now. By the following way, so I put the time to the numerator and I do not touch the denominator. However, here I will replace this variance by the one over square root, sorry, one over p squared logarithm of n because it's just asymptotically the same. And I consider time interval from 0 to 1. And look, if I study this process in the space of trajectories when time goes from 0 to 1 I will cover exactly all my interval 0 and so indeed I study this random variable in the space of trajectories. So the question we pose is what is the behavior of the distribution of this process as n goes to infinity and here I put dot. I mean that I consider the trajectories. I walk in the space of trajectories, not for fixed time. And in the classical setting you have just here the convergence to the Brownian motion but it turns out that in our situation nothing as Brownian motion appears we find something which resembles more the white noise and let me state our main result which describes this behavior. In the denominator no, I do not put because I mean it doesn't make sense. Look, if I put t here then what happens? Then I can say that say tn will be m. I will get just the central limit from the point is that when t changed from 0 to n I study exactly the trajectories. Ah, fclt, sorry, functional central limit theorem. Ah, excuse me, 0, tn. Sorry, 0, tn. So it's basically the same that here but in certain time there. Okay, so our main result is the following theorem which states that there exists random variable eta n and which is real and a random continuous random process that tn such that such that the following holds first the integral of our process from 0 to t. So psi sn ds equals to t times eta n plus ztn over the square root of the logarithm of n. Ah, it holds for for for all times. Ah, so till the moment I say the following, I say that the integral of our process I study not the process itself I study its integral. Why? Because it turns out that the process is very regular, it behaves ah, it isn't I mean it resembles more the white noise and the Brownian motion so standard way to treat the white noise just to take time integral of it and you'll get the Brownian motion. So it's reasonable here to take the the time integral. And we state that it grows just linearly in time ah, and then you have also some reminder and about these processes this random variable eta n and the process ztn we can say the following that their joint distribution converts weekly and n goes to infinity to the joint distribution of a random variable eta and a process zt ah, in the space of ah real numbers which is responsible to eta and times the space of continuous functions which is responsible to our process zt ah, where where eta is just centered Gaussian random variable with the variance one half and that t is a centered Gaussian process with the following covariance since this is centered, the covariance is just expectation of the product the covariance is rather awful but I mean the precise formula is not too important, what is important is that we can find it explicitly minus one theta of t I will say in a moment what is theta plus t minus one theta of s minus t theta of s minus one minus s theta of t minus one where theta of t is just t squared logarithm of the absolute value of t and moreover the random variable eta and the process that t are independent and the third the third of our theorem said something about the conversions the conversions of eta n to eta and more precisely it says that the rate of conversions d of eta n to the distribution of eta is less or equal than one over square root of the logarithm of n so this is our result and now let me let me try to explain what does it mean to this end I will draw some picture so here we have time and here we have our process I mean the integral from 0 to t of psi s and ds and we have the real line t times eta where eta is just random Gaussian random variable with these parameters and we know that our process is governed by another line another straight line t times eta n which converges in distribution to this straight line with the rate one over square root of the logarithm of n so in some sense this distance is for the one over square root of logarithm of n and then we have also this reminder which is of the same order that this deviation but about the reminder we know up to higher order terms everything so we know that this is just a centered Gaussian process with the given covariance so here we have some Gaussian oscillations around this straight line so this is basically the behavior of our our process which is something different and now if you do not have questions till the moment I will turn to first I would like to explain how one can arrive to such a statement how I can understand that you need to consider the time integral of our process and not the process itself and so on and then I will pass to the proof of the theorem this is an explanation ah ok basically it means the following it means that the particles under the sign process they are distributed on your real line in a very regular way because you have some repulsion of particles under the sign process and that's why the variation can grow only very slowly but I mean the regular explanation is some calculation ah ok I mean it uses the following basically you just calculate the variation by the definition you have some L2 products I mean you can represent your integrals as L2 products and you take you use the partial identity and they use that Fourier transform of this function if you consider it as a function of one variable x-y this is just the indicator function interval 0, 1 yeah and basically that's it ok maybe I'll explain it after the talk because it's really some rather tedious calculation ok other examples of the dimensional process yeah it isn't the science about only one process in a similar way you can also get also get so called I mean in a similar way if you consider limit of random matrices when the size goes to infinity if you choose some different normalization you also get some different processes so called A-re process, B-cell process but let me not enter into details because I mean the kernels have much more complicated forms unfortunately I have no time to explain it but it isn't a science about only one process I mean there is some class of interesting processes if I take just arbitrary k but all this I mean here what do I really need I need the logarithmic growth the A-re process the B-cell process but for also for the part of my results which I will mention later I need I need exactly that the kernel have such form but I think that probably it's technically for the moment I can do this only for the same process but probably for the B-cell and A-re it's also possible but for the moment you have the result only for the same process ok, so now let me try to explain why how one can arrive to such statement of the theorem and to this end let us forget for the moment about this theorem let us just remember that we have such a random process and we want to study the behavior of its trajectories when n goes to infinity the first thing that we should do we want to understand what can be the limiting process what can be I will say what can be the limit to this end we are in a standard way and what you need to do just to find the behavior of finite dimensional distributions of your process we have the following which states that for any times t1 which is more than or equal to 0 and so on td for some natural number d which is less or equal than 1 we have that the finite dimensional distributions of our our process converge converge when n goes to infinity weakly to the following random vector xi t1 and so on td where the vector xi t1 xi td is a centered Gaussian the centered Gaussian with the following covariance expectation of xi ti xi tj equals to equals to one half if t is equal to s and 0 if t is different from s so you see the limiting covariance is independent from the choice of our times so in particular it means if you take one time very close to another then nothing changes it means that under the limit we have a continuous process in principle so nothing is brought in motion it's possible I will prove this lemma let me however say just a couple of words about this to prove the converges itself it's rather straightforward generalization of the Causton-Lebovitz central limit theorem for the multidimensional setting and to see that the variance has such form it's a rather simple computation you need to just to calculate the variance before the limit and then take the limit and here you crucially use that the variance has the logarithmic growth and in this proposition I do not use that I consider the sign protest I use only the logarithmic growth of the variation what is remarkable in theory you need only that the variation just grows to infinity and in our setting we indeed need it so the behavior of trajectories really depends on the logarithmic growth of the variation well, now let us try to understand better what is this limiting distribution to the send I note that it can be represented as a distribution of the sum of two random vectors the first of them has the same the same random variable at each component and the second one is gamma t1 gamma td and here the random variable eta gamma t1 gamma td normal distribution with parameter 0.5 and there mutually mutually independent so it means the following this is just a simple computation because if you take the sum of two Gaussian random variable which are independent you should just take the sum of their variations and then you get that the distributions coincide well it means that if the limiting process exists then we expect we expect that it should be just the process eta which is constant at time, which is independent on time plus some process gamma t gamma t where gamma t has such finite dimensional distributions yeah, I mean this is some formal argument which give us the intuition so that's why I put this sign here in the convergence and here gamma t is a centered Gaussian process with the covariances gamma t gamma s equal to with the same covariances not the same but excuse me I made a mistake this isn't correct here here I have the covariances in this case I have one and here I have one half yeah so something more unusual that I wrote before so here you have one if the times coincide yeah and here you have the itj and here you have one half and there this is indeed one half if t equals to s and 0 if t is different from s so what does it mean it means that if the limit exists then it is governed by some very regular process which is just constant some process which is completely decorated in time so some process which resembles the white noise but it isn't the white noise because the white noise somehow has infinite variance and here the variance is finite but as well as the white noise this process isn't defined in the classical sense that's why in order to understand it rigorously you should understand it some weak sense for example you should integrate for example you should integrate from 0 to t of psi tn and you expect just integrating this convergence that this process converges to eta t plus integral from 0 to t of gamma t gamma s ds but trying to to realize to find this convergence rigorously you failed in some sense because of the following proposition which states that for any for any function phi which should be just integrable the function which depends on time the distribution of the integral from 0 to 1 of phi of s psi tn ds converges weekly to the distribution of eta multiplied by the average of the function phi what does it mean? it means that look if I if I integrate this relation against the function phi then indeed here I will have eta times phi but I should also have the integral phi against the process gamma t but I do not see this under the limit and it's clear in fact because this process just oscillates too fast because it's completely decorated in time and the the oscillations aren't very large because its variance is finite so under the limit we do not see it this proposition that we do not need any regularity of the function phi so indeed these oscillations are rather powerful so this proposition gives some information about the limiting behavior of the process psi n but we lose a lot of information we do not see at all this process and our next question is ok, how can we observe this process under the limit so to this end let us however consider the integral of our process and yeah, due to this proposition this integral just just vanishes and but let us look at smaller order terms in this convergence and this what exactly we are doing in our in our theorem and in fact we find the influence of this process gamma t this smaller order terms which are governed by the centered Gaussian process that t so that's why such a statement of the theorem because I mean we don't want to lose the information that's why we need to look at the lower order terms well, now I hope that I more or less explain the setting I mean why do I have such strange setting of the theorem and now let me say something about its proof however to this end I need to give some preliminary results more precisely I will need to generalize this central limit theorem of question and LeBovitz I have 10 ok, that's well 5 general central limit theorem so let us note that the number of particles which hits the interval 0 and which you consider in this central limit theorem can be represented in the following form you just take the sum over all particles x so the sum over x of the indicator function 0,1 of x over n Indeed, because it's the same that takes the sum of the indicator function of 0,n over x and then it's clearly the number of particles hitting the interval 0,n well, and now let us consider any real measurable measurable function measurable function which is red and which has a compact support and which has a compact support and then let us replace this indicator function by the function f and we will obtain some random variable which I call SFN which is the sum over x of f of x over n and usually such relation calls statistics corresponding to the function to the observable f and it turns out that the central limit theorem holds not only for such a special choice of the function f but it holds in general so theorem 2 the first part if the variance SFN grows to infinity then goes to infinity then then we have that the distribution of the random process SFN minus expectation over sorry, not the random process, the random variable over the square root of the variance of SFN just goes to the standard Gaussian you see this indeed just the generalization of this theorem but for the special for the special observable f because in the theorem the variance as we need grows logarithmically this theorem was established by Soshnikov under some additional conditions and it's then generally still the present form by myself and Sasha and so the first, the second part of the theorem says the following it considers a different situation let us assume for the moment that the function f is sufficiently regular so it belongs to the Sobolev class h1 half plus h1 half plus epsilon for some epsilon then first it turns out that the variance of the corresponding linear statistics doesn't grow at all here the constant c is independent from n so we aren't in this setting and next the distribution of SFN minus its expectation converts to a normal law with parameters 0 and then you have some variance which you can calculate knowing the function f it's something like h1 half norm or the function f but modified slightly so you see that the center limit theorem holds without any normalization here just because the variance does not grow at all ok and now this is what I will need now finally I will turn to the proof of my theorem why will I write it ok I will write it here it turns out that the theorem can be proven just by applying two times these general versions of standard of central limit theorem chosen in an appropriate way theorem 1 let us put eta n to be equal time integral from 0 to 1 of psi Sn ds and Tn to be equal square root of n multiplied by integral from 0 to T psi Sn ds minus T eta n this is just the choice what I do and with such choice we get item 1 automatically but item 1 itself doesn't say a lot so what is about the convergence of item 2 so we need to show that eta n jointly with Zn converge to eta Z I will not show that joint convergence but let me show the convergence of two components separately so first let us show first the random variable eta n converges weakly to the random variable eta and where eta is from the theorem so Gaussian random variable with such parameters and then that the process that n converges weakly to the process Z and in fact the first part if you remember the first part follows just from this proposition we need to take phi to be equal just indicator of the interval 0, 1 but I didn't prove the proposition so let me instead prove this convergence honestly I mean the proof of the proposition and of this convergence is just the same and the proof turns out to be simple but that to prove A that eta n can be represented as Sfn minus the expectation of Sfn over square root of its variance where the function f this is just integral from 0 to 1 of the indicator function of interval ds to get it you just take the definition of eta n you take the definition of your random process whereas it is here you insert one to another and then you also take this relation you put it there and you obtain this formula you calculate and you find that the variance of Sfn infinity behaves like 1 over 2 pi squared logarithm of n that's why we are in the setting of theorem 2 the first part where the variance grows so that the central so this theorem implies the desired convergence that's it in order to get the second part I mean we argue in the same way that Tn equals to SjTn minus its expectation where is the function jT I will not write it precisely but it is something of the same spirit and why do we do not have normalization just because this square root of logarithm n on which we multiply this relation and then we apply the theorem the central limit theorem 2 part 2 and we get the convergence not the convergence B because this convergence holds in the space of trajectories but the convergence of finite dimensional distributions that Tn1 and so on that Tn for any times T1Td it converts to the distribution of the random vector that T1 and so on that Td where this is yeah and now it turns out to pass from the convergence of finite dimensional distributions to convergence of processes so somehow we use the problem of studying of the functional central limit theorem of irregular statistics irregular statistics which gives us the indicator of the interval 0n to the studying of the functional central limit theorem of statistics corresponding to the regular observable where the variance does not grow and it turns out that this investigation is much simpler and the behavior of trajectories for the case of statistics regular observable is very nice and in particular they are continuous then arguing arguing as when proving as when proving the classical classical functional central limit theorem for example for the sum of independent random variables you get the convergence B so that's actually the proof of the of the second part of the theorem and the third part you will get the rate of convergence you get automatically from the proof of the central limit theorem so thank you for your attention sorry I'm slightly late and


So, first, I have to certainly concur in the last statement that Commissioner Harold Furchkott-Roth has made. I also have to say that for him sitting on this diocese old hat, for me, I'm like, man, I love the view from here, particularly from the center seat. Probably the only time I will ever get this view. I could spend my 10 minute introductory remark responding to many of the points that the commissioners raised. I think that I will just limit myself to saying I agree that the problem has been that the agency all too often has pursued clever policy rather than followed the law. But I disagree with what the law actually says, which is perhaps not surprising. I believe that it was fairly obvious that broadband transmission meets the statutory definition of Title II. That was the law as we applied it until the cable modem decision came along. And the Supreme Court in Brandeck said the FCC had discretion to decide how to interpret that statutory provision. So, okay, the FCC had the discretion to change its mind and apply and decide that when you commingled the transmission and the information services that you could then treat that as a Title I information service. And we have ever since then been living with the consequences of those policy decisions. I would like to instead take the time to focus on why this is a consumer issue. We talk a lot about investment. Again, for every one of the points that is raised, there are mounds of contrary arguments. The things about this argument is a lot of this ground has been crossed over and there's a lot of the lines for much of this are pretty well marked. With regard to does it incent investment or doesn't it incent investment? What are the impacts on innovation and the edge? Let me focus on the consumers for a few minutes. First of all, what do consumers care about broadband for? And let me tell you, the answer to this question has changed a lot in the 15 years that I've been doing broadband policy. I first got this question back in 1999 when we were debating about the future of broadband policy when the question was asked to me, why does anyone care when we have 66 Kbps dial-up? Isn't that fast enough for everything? The first answer I gave there was I want you to take your old modem from a couple of years ago, the one that worked at a much slower speed and plug it in and see how much you could negotiate the fantastic web of 1999 with that. The usual answer was, well, things don't work very well at the slower speed. I was like, that's why we care about broadband from a consumer perspective because these things are going to evolve. We have evolved astronomically since the first time I was asked that question, why do consumers care? And we now see 15 years since I was asked that question that we care because broadband has become integral to our lives. It really has become the basic service. The utility in the sense that heat, power, transportation, and these things are utilities, not simply monopoly or natural monopoly, but things that are, whether they are competitive or not, considered too essential to leave entirely to the private market because consumers are wholly dependent upon them. The cost of exclusion rises increasingly so that now if you don't have broadband access, it is increasingly harder to access not simply Netflix or cat videos as some people disparagingly say, but basic educational service, basic employment opportunities, medical information, these things on which play a critical role in our lives. And that is reflected in the fact that so many people care so deeply about this issue. As we move voice service and basic telephone service over to the IP platform, whether your phone call will get through or not, whether your 911 call will get through or not, is implicated by such things as network neutrality and whether we treat this as a Title II platform or whether we roll the dice on information services because my problem of the casino is we have a lot of very well settled law around Title II and the how it works and even further back with what Chairman Wheeler rightly calls the network compact. And the framework that was adopted 5.0 by the Commission in January talking about fundamental values that we carry with our network and how these things work, we understand how those things are implemented in a Title II universe and they have done pretty well. This wireless device that everybody agrees to the extent that we have competitive services and communications that Americans can rely on, wireless is the apex. On this I at least have four national competitors. Whether that's competitive enough, whether that works we can argue about, but as compared to broadband where if I am lucky I have two wire line providers in most places or one in a lot of places or none in some places. And whether this is regulated as a Title II service that has not impeded investment and for consumers the reliability and dependability that comes from the Title II side remains critically important. By contrast I will point out what is the one service that consumers have the most intimate relationship that has never ever ever been regulated as Title II? Cable. This of course has made it the most innovative and the most beloved by consumers as you can tell from all of the consumer satisfaction surface. Yes, cable has never been Title II. This thing that consumers actually like, Title II. Cable, not Title II. So in terms of the real world experiments that we have seen with what remedies the consumers have, how does this work and sort of these other questions about innovation and investment, Title II seems to be stated up pretty well. Let me though switch to something else that is critically important which is diversity of voices. Something that unfortunately I think goes unremarked in this context and where net neutrality and Title II is critical. First of all, going all the way back seven years ago, I remarked that network neutrality is probably one of the most important campaign finance issues that we will have because if the end user, if the last mile network gets to decide who gets prioritized and can charge as we have seen in radio and television broadcasting, even if you have rules that establish some sort of basic access and basic rate so that you can't entirely shut people out, when you eliminate common carrier type regulation and you start that requires everybody to be treated equally at some level and you start to have an ability to charge, the cost of campaigning goes through the roof. But more importantly than that I believe is the fact that for the first time on the internet people are actually able to communicate and produce and it doesn't matter if it's only 50 people watching it or 100 people watching it or a thousand people watching it or videos that change the world. It is the ideal of diversity and self-expression that in all of the time that I did traditional media ownership regulation, traditional media policy, we could never dream of accomplishing.  Let me take one example here to try to wrap this up. Many people are aware of T-Mobile's music freedom initiative where T-Mobile has said we are going to allow you to stream from the seven most popular music services to start with without that counting against your data cap. We are open to trying to make this more open and inclusive to video services. T-Mobile is trying to do this. They have said in their T-Mobile data roaming petition that the reason they don't do true open with no data cap is because they can't afford to because of the high price that AT&T charges them to roam on their network. They are willing to take a hit on this and use this music as a loss leader and give something to consumers without any financial pay off from the music services with no affiliations. This is the best case for differentiating among like services. What are the implications of it? Well, for starters, if you are not one of the most popular mass media music sites, you are disadvantaged. If you are representative of a traditionally marginalized community, if you are trying to broadcast on the internet in your native language to users of T-Mobile services, if you are like public knowledge doing podcasts that are policy in nature and are not music, you now stand at a disadvantage compared to the seven biggest most popular services. The natural consequences of this is we return to the era of scarcity that existed in the radio and television broadcasting era. We automatically reproduce this. We go back to when a handful of companies can choose by advantaging even with the best of intentions the most popular service which will inevitably gravitate to the mainstream and cut off those diverse voices, those challenging voices, those voices that cause us to question. If you can control content, how will people respond now when we have the conflict in Gaza?  The most popular market-driven ones will win, not because that is what consumers select, but because the handful of companies will be conservative and will not want to piss their customers off, and if that means cutting off one or the other side in the debate, they will do that. Finally, I want to take a look at this thing, the T-Mobile petition I mentioned earlier on data roaming. It's a curious thing in another real-world live experiment. We did voice roaming as an order out of this commission in 2007 as a Title II service. You must voice roam. If you are this guy, you have to offer voice roaming. We did it under Title II, automatic. The regulations take up about a dozen lines. We have never had a problem implementing this. Since we adopted it in 2007, we have revisited it once to expand it, and it certainly has not deterred investment in the wireless community. Data roaming we adopted in 2011. Because we did this under Title I, Title III, we use a commercial reasonableness standard, which T-Mobile makes a pretty good case is worthless. So now, because we can't get too common carrier on it, we are going to do this sort of benchmarking thing to get to a less good, more complicated place than we did under Title II. Again, when we're looking at the real-world experiences of Title II versus other alternatives, Title II is looking pretty good. Let me conclude here with a little anecdote that I just picked up this morning. There's a book called World History in Six Classes by Tom Standage. I happened to be reading this morning the chapter called The Coffeehouse Internet, where he talks about how coffee houses in London were critical to the development of discourse. He brings an example of a particular coffee house that became very important for brokers and traders and how the most successful brokers cut an exclusive deal with the owner of the coffee house to allow them to control who had access to that particular coffee house and who didn't. Now, you could go to any other coffee house to get coffee. There were hundreds of coffee houses in London, but you excluded traders and other fine-enters from this particular coffee house. That devastating effect on their ability to conduct business. A trader who was excluded sued and won on the grounds that because coffee houses were common carriers, they needed to be open on an equal basis to the public, and therefore he could not be excluded from what had become a critically important venue for doing business despite the fact that there were other coffee houses that he could go to, and it was a competitive market in that sense. Some things don't change. Common carrier regulation, Title II, is a very flexible tool, and in this case, it is an absolutely critical tool if we want to continue the kinds of consumer benefits and free discourse that we have come to enjoy on the internet.


Sometimes, like, you can't really get into it with everybody, because then I saw you bring your bridges, like, I got something I was younger and tell you shit, like, we think you should just do anything, like, I already knew, like, when I used to call my friends somewhere and we was around the people, I already knew, like, like, this shit's about to go left. Like, in my mind, I already knew, because I was just one of them niggas, like. Yeah, so you can't let everything go left. You got to be cool with some people sometimes.


Hello there, I'm Sandy Allnach and today I'm going to show you how to make this beautiful leaf with all this great texture using watercolor pencils.  And I'll tell you at the end of the video where you can go and find those. But for now, let's get started. I decided to go for a walk this week because the weather has been absolutely glorious this September, where I live. We haven't had a full change of color. There's a few bushes that had changed color as I was walking around this nature preserve in my town. But most everything was still green, but the thing that I wanted to go for was leaf size. I wanted to find leaves of different sizes and shapes that I could play with. Because I wasn't worried about replicating them and trying to draw the leaf itself. I just wanted the shapes to be able to work with. And I also wanted the excuse to go out and film some beautiful footage of walking out here. Isn't it gorgeous? I know a lot of you are not having beautiful weather. So I am stealing all of it and keeping it for myself because it's been amazing. So I was looking for small leaves and some that were bunched up on branches. So I'd take a little bit of this, a little bit of that. I'd find leaves on the ground that were changing in color. So some of them might be changing in color because the whole bush is and some just because it fell off the tree.  I have no idea what that plant is. If anybody knows, let me know. And then you want to pick one of those leaves to trace. For this project, I'm going to choose one that's relatively simple in size. It does have a serrated edge, but you could do the same thing with something much simpler than this. Just go out in your backyard and find something. But I would recommend going for a walk, getting out there in nature to go find something. And then you want to grate some powdered pigment and we do that using a tea strainer. I've used this with regular color pencils. I've used it with graphite and here I'm using it with watercolor pencil. And it makes a pigment that just sits on the paper.  And I'm using different colors that I know will go together for what I'm doing, which is yellows, oranges, pinks, a little bit of purple and sometimes a little bit of a rusty brown color. You can do this in whatever colors. Just know that they're going to mix and blend. If your tea strainer gets a little jammed up with all of that pigment, make sure you get all that delicious color out. I use a toothbrush to do that and then get a spray bottle to mist the paper. You don't want to get it wet. You want to mist it. And if you do it from too close, it'll blow all the pigment off the paper.  Don't let it get drippy, soppy and have like areas that collect pools of water. It's going to work best if you can control that rather than the spray creating that for you, because you don't know where it's going to happen. And you want to be able to control where you get those splooges of water. So then we're going to paint judiciously with just a little bit of a damp brush. It's clean water. I'm not adding any pigment here. I'm just moving pigment that's already on the paper. And I'm choosing a couple areas outside of the leaf in the background because that's going to help to define where the leaf is. But I don't want to do this absolutely everywhere. I'm just going to choose some sections and dabbing the water off the brush. So I don't end up with too much. When you start putting water on this, you're going to lose the texture underneath of it for the most part.  And when you have all the beautiful texture in some areas and then others get completely smooth, it just looks kind of odd. So I recommend being a little careful about that. I'm using my baby wipe with my finger inside of it to tap off some of the excess. And here's what I mean by like using too much water is going to smooth out that whole area at the top. There may be some corners where you want to do that. A few areas in the background, but you can also dab some of that off, but it's going to not have texture in it as much. So next I'm going to indicate some veins. And you can skip this part if you're scared that it's going to mess it up. If you like everything else and you want to leave it all, then totally go for it. I did a bunch of samples that I'll post over on the blog that don't have any veins in them. And you can see how that looks compared to this. I kind of thought it was a nice idea to try and to be able to talk about doing this as lost and found painting, drawing, whatever it is that you do with water color pencils, and I'm using a brush that is just barely, barely, barely wet. If I feel like I'm getting too much water on the paper, I just dab it off on that baby wipe because any extra moisture is just going to start mixing all that stuff into brown and all the texture will just go. And I'm not going to paint the veins absolutely everywhere. On the left side here, I decided I'm going to let the background determine the edge and define that edge of the leaf. So the veins that I'm painting in here, I'm kind of leaving some lighter color going out to the outside edge. And on the right hand side, there's not a lot of color in the background. So I'm going to let the leaf define the shape. So I'm going to let the water go all the way out to the edge. So I'm not saying you need to do this on the left or the right, but look at the pigment on the paper and kind of see what makes sense. But don't do these lines everywhere. Just let them be in a few spots because anybody looking at it, their eyeball is going to fill in the difference. Their eyeball is going to imagine that the rest of it is there. And that's the joy of lost and found is that people get to use their own imagination to bring to your art and to be able to see see something and make it up in their own minds. It's like when you read a storybook and not all the details are there. It's because the writer wants you to engage in it and to create those details for yourself. Now, in this outside area on the upper right, there's very little pigment out there. So I did let it go sploogee, but I'm going to fix that later on by adding some texture back in. And yes, you can add texture back in. I'll show you how when we get done. And here on this left side, I added a little more than intended. I was trying to take the brush and just kind of tap around the edge to see if I could break that up and make it look more like the rest of the painting. And it didn't work. So I just dabbed a bunch of that up and I'll add again, the texture back on top later on when I get to the very final stage of the art project. So just tap, tap, tap, and that will lighten up some of the color. It won't put the texture back in. We'll just lighten the color a little bit. I'm even, you know, spreading some of that color that's on the baby wipe into those open spaces. And I'm trying to leave some areas that are going to be whitish and I want it to feel light and airy. So next is going to be to add a few select darks. And when you do this, you're going to choose a few areas, just like when we picked which areas we're going to put those veins in. We didn't do it everywhere. We're going to put the background darks in, not everywhere. And notice like up in this section, I'm trying to put a whole section, an area of purple, not a line of purple, but an area of purple because a line of purple is going to make it look like I'm outlining the drawing. And that's not the point here. The point is to define the edge by creating a darker color next to it. And down here in the bottom, it looks like I made a line around it. I did that deliberately, so you can see that's not what we want. So I'm just taking my pencil and working it into the watercolor paper so that I can get an area of purple, maybe with a few dark spots in it. But I'm trying not to make it a line. And that sometimes will just mean putting more dark color right next to it and then a lighter color next to it and just keep graduating that out so it gets lighter and lighter. You can do this with a purple like I'm doing. You can do it with a brown, like whatever colors are going to work with your drawing. But I would recommend picking your colors out at the beginning and then just keeping with them through the whole thing. So it all kind of goes together. You may decide you need to spritz this. And you might also decide, depending on the texture of your watercolor paper, this is Arches Cold Press.  You can just leave it because the texture of the pencil plus the paper looks very much like the texture that was there from the powdered pigment. So I decided to add a little bit more definition to this left side of the leaf using the pink, so I'd have a little bit more pink in here. And I'm going to try to not overwork it because it's really easy for me to go a little too crazy with this. But if you get to this stage, you're like, I have completely screwed it up. I use too much water. It's a mess. I don't know what to do with it. Well, we have one more thing that we can do, which is going to be to add one more layer of texture, just applying some texture back on top again. And we're going to do that by getting a couple of colors of powder pigment and put it all over in different places. So I've got it in a couple of different spots here. Pinks and purples. Usually the darker colors will work a little bit better at this stage. And then you're going to get your spray bottle again, hold it way high up and then missed. And you'll see the paper get a little darker in some areas where you've got your pigment. If you decide, OK, that worked really great. I just need more of it, then dry it completely, then add more. You don't want to keep adding on top of what you've already got because then you're going to start making splooges by getting too much water on it. But I was happy with this, so I decided I'd remove the tape. I was very pleased with how this came out. There are more examples on the blog of using this very same technique with and without using the veins in it, in different shapes of leaves. So you can go check those out. But if you want to see the other ones, and I told you there's other videos, then you need to join Art Venture over at Mighty Networks. I asked you a couple of weeks ago to start joining and lots of you did. It's been fun getting to know you and seeing your work. And we chat back and forth and have Zoom calls and all kinds of fun things. Well, this time I'm going to provide a video a day or Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday with variations on this technique. So if you want to see those, that's the only place you'll get to see them. They're nowhere else. So it's almost like a free class. Wouldn't that be awesome to have a free class in watercolor pencils? So go join. The link is in the doobly-do. I recommend going outside today in your backyard, your neighborhood or a local park and collect some leaves, small, medium, large, different sizes, different shapes and press them in a book. So as you get to watching each one of these videos, you're able to have some options at your fingertips to be able to create those projects. I will see you over an art venture.


Alrighty, things are starting to heat up at Canada's Wonderland, well hopefully literally on that note, warm weather would be welcomed, but nonetheless, work on Mindbuster continues. Moose Horn Falls is having some of its footings dug out, so as you can see there they got some of the locations for the footings, so that's really exciting, again they are moving a lot quicker than they normally would for obvious reasons 2025. The company that has to do Moose Horn Falls and Front Gate is obviously in charge of the 2025 coaster, so for example Wonderland typically wouldn't start waterslide construction until very late winter early spring, but we're seeing all of that work take place in very early winter, so I think that they're aiming to be done in the next month, that doesn't mean waterslide going up, that's an easy project in itself, but that means the footing and the infrastructure for the waterslide complete. Over at Front Gate they are clearing out the other side, the left side of the building, so they are removing all of Wonderland's stuff, so I don't know what that entails, obviously you can't see from this far away, but it looks like paperwork and all that. Hartwell is in that building as well, so obviously working on Electrical, I keep forgetting these company names, there's so many companies working at Wonderland, I have to like access my database in my head and figure it out. This is the ice rink removal, so this is the company just removing, I think it's the rental company, removing that giant freezer that freezes Snowflake Lake, so that's all that is. Over at Front Gate lots going on, the logo isn't down, again that is a telltale sign, so I'll be keeping an eye on that, but nothing too exciting, again you can see them digging out the electrical heading towards Front Gate, so there you have a giant line coming from what I'll explain in the podcast is going on over there, but not yet, heading towards the Front Gate building, so that's going to be a key factor for this new area. It definitely is going to entail our new app, just as a little teaser, but yeah so I'm really excited for this new Front Gate, even if it ends up being a soft rental, which I'm really hoping not, why spend the money if you're not going to do it all, I really, I'm just going to start upsetting some roller coaster enthusiasts, they need to remove the Leviathan colors from Front Gate. The Leviathan colors on our Front Gate building are so tacky, like it looks like an old government building in my opinion, and here is some exciting news, so on top of Wonder Mountain, I was about to say on top of Wonder Mountain's Guardian, in the only section that a coaster could really come out of without impacting too much, and that's saying a lot, because Thunder Run, Vortex, and Guardian are all kind of like right there, there's only two spots that this coaster can come out of, right where you see those construction workers right now, or just off to the right of the turn after the uh, lift hill of Vortex, so those are the two locations, but these workers do walk over there, so these are two from what I understand construction workers, but again extremely difficult to tell from all the way over here, but nonetheless, work is continuing inside the mountain, I have heard through the birdies, so just because we can't see cars parked outside the mountain anymore does not mean work isn't continuing inside the mountain. Furthermore, I've been instructed that those forms we saw were in the mountain for a reason, so again, we may not be able to see much from the outside, and remember, I fly the drone for about 40 minutes a day, there's a lot of unaccounted time that maybe doesn't see a cement truck go in the mountain, or doesn't see a specific vehicle go in the mountain, so there's a lot that we are not seeing on paper, so I'll fill in the blanks through other resources, but nonetheless those forms in the mountain were there for a reason, early Halloween haunt, so work is definitely continuing inside the mountain, there are multiple projects they are working on inside the mountain as well, so Thunder Run being one of them, and this new coaster being another, and obviously they still have the bin system for Wonder Mountains Guardian as well, but I've seen those signs of them working on that. With that being said, that's all there is for today's construction update, again these construction updates are always a day behind now, so this was filmed yesterday, January 17th, I fly every day, I update my patreons, and then I upload these the next day, if there's ever any breaking breaking news, like that I'm like okay this needs to go out, don't worry it'll go out, but patreons know first, but yeah thanks so much, I'm really excited for the podcast tomorrow, tune in tomorrow at 8 p.m for the podcast, really excited about that, I've withheld a lot of information including my 7 part series because it didn't make sense to release that information, and then discuss it again on the podcast, I wanted the podcast to have some juicy information. Alright, thanks so much guys, have a good one, bye.


This 2020 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box XL with the STX Appearance Package is stock number 11691Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2020 has the 6.2 liter V8 motor, which pumps out 385 horsepower. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Blue Jeans Metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you want to subscribe to our YouTube channel and the lower right-hand party screen is a gold subscribe button, where you can click to get daily video notifications about all the videos we take of our newly-used inventory each and every day. It comes with the factory alloy rims and it has Goodyear Wrangler all-terrain adventure tires. These are LT27570R18s and they have just about all the tread left. Only 4,000 miles on this truck. It came out of Texas and is a one-owner, clean-title history vehicle. You can really see that metal flake on that Blue Jeans Metallic. It's really a cool color. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. It comes with a big grille guard on here. Front bumper and lower valance are in excellent condition. Comes with the chrome-trimmed grille and the hood is in excellent shape as well. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Passenger side front fender, excellent condition too. And the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like the paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just can't make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck here, the truck, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises.  You can't see down the side, can't see the reflection. If it has any dents or dings, and this one doesn't have any dents or dings, the back rim is absolutely perfect as well. And the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Frame and underbody, exceptionally clean condition as you'd expect from a truck from Texas with such low miles. Lower rockers look really good and it does come with the really nice factory chrome step arms. The X4 off-road suspension package gives you the rancher shocks and the skid plates. Comes with a heavy-duty black diamond-plated rear bumper. It does have the backup sensors in it. Full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, 4-pin, and 7-pin wiring. And the tailgate is in excellent shape as well. Comes with a spray-in bed liner and it looks like it may have had a gooseneck in it at one time. Major dents or dings on that bed looks really good. And as you go down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side. Four-fold disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape too. And down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good. No dents, no dings, does have the telescopic tow mirrors. They're heated, have built-in directional signals, they telescope out like so. They also fold in. Now I believe these are the manual ones. Inside the XL package gives you the gray cloth interior. In the front you have the 40-20-40 split bench seating. Driver's side lumbar, factory floor mats, auto headlamps, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. As we hop inside the truck here, we'll turn the emission on so you can see the miles and the radio and everything like that. We'll put the dimmer on and you can see that this truck has 4,870 miles on it. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You get cruise controls and information center controls on the left. Volume and Bluetooth controls on the right comes with the six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. This one has AM, FM radio and serious radio capabilities. Then you also have your different settings including your FordPass, mobile apps, Apple CarPlay, and Android Auto where you can project your cell phone to the screen. So while this one does not have a navigation system, you can put nav on your phone and project it to the screen through one of those apps and then it's like you have nav right on there. Stability control, downhill assist control. You do get turned off four-wheel drive, factory brake controller right there as well. Your climate controls are right there and then your controls for the radio are right there as well. 12V, 110V, 400W plug-in right there. You do get a USB and a USB-C and another 12V powerpoint down there. Carpeting and floor mats are in excellent shape. No rips or tears on the passenger seat and the headliner on this truck is in excellent shape as well. I didn't see any rips or tears. This truck has never been smoked in and you do get map lights up there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. This one does have the backup camera that turns on when you turn the truck on. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. I don't think these have ever been sat in. It has the latch child safety system, fixed glass rear window with the built-in rear defrost and those seats are in great shape. And you do get factory floor mats back here. Storage underneath those seats. And you do get child safety locks on the back doors. Bottoms of the doors all look really good. We'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. He's telling me the door's ajar and the hood's ajar and the vehicle's on but there you go. Then your backup camera shows up right there. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around. Inside and out. Once again under the hood we have the 6.2 liter VA motor. Engine day is very clean and it's very smooth. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been tracked and topped off. And this truck is like new all the way around. And it is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, recorded tons, one tons. You name it we got to go to that website right there at www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. For more Ford F-250 videos like this one in the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean. Like new 2020 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box XL STX Appearance Group with the FX4 Package and Blue Jeans Metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video.


Hey, what's going on? So in today's video, I want to answer a question that I've seen a lot, especially recently coaches have been emailing me this and I knew that I needed to come and make a video here to show you everything from A to Z and the question is hey, Ben how much does it cost to start my business and this is a very loaded question because If you talk to someone else that started their business, they might give you completely different information But I'm going to tell you exactly How much it cost for me? So you know exactly you know exactly to the number Exactly how much I spent so if you want to take a pen piece of paper out I will be going through the list of charges that I initially had I'm not talking about that the Expenses I take on now But at the very beginning, this is what I was number one I had to pay for insurance That is something that typically is a yearly cost. So you're paying for liability insurance That right there is a non-negotiable thing. I talk about it in my book. I talk about exactly which one to get It's very laid out there And some coaches who buy my book and they skip over that part and Maybe someone gets hurt in one of their sessions and they get sued they come back to me and try to tell me that I didn't say anything But it's in the book So go check out the startup Sports Academy book. I gave you the exact resource. I used and the one that I still use now so With insurance it's gonna cost around Also depends on where you live. I live in Texas. It's gonna be around $350 a year which is very affordable that that is not that much money That is going to be your number one big biggest expense is the insurance number two You are probably gonna need to have equipment or you can be very scrappy like how I was the beginning I had all the kids that I trained bring their own soccer ball I didn't really have enough money to go buy a bunch of stuff. So I was scrappy I had everyone bring their own soccer ball and then once I started to get more money I reinvested that money back into my business and I went to go buy soccer balls and stuff like that.  Okay, so remember I kept my budget very low I wasn't out buying t-shirts buying websites buying logos I'm not doing any of that bullcrap and I know so many coaches at the beginning They think that they have to have that and they start losing a lot of money And then they get discouraged because they don't have clients at the beginning of your business The number number one most important thing is if you have your insurance Okay, you have that down you have equipment you have a place to train at The focus should be getting clients not having all these bright shiny objects that other people talk about or other people Think that you should have that's that's not that's not the right thing to do and that's coming for me I've been doing this for ten years. I know so many coaches who have gone against my advice on that They've spent thousands of dollars on a website when they could just like do it for a hundred dollars a month or way cheaper than that Okay, so again recap insurance need to have that Equipment need to have that outside of that if you're paying for like a rental space I would negotiate that cost I would try to get that down to as low as possible or I would find a public park I've been running all of my training sessions out of two places a public park and a high school. I have yet To pay for it like when I'm training kids privately yet to pay for any Rental space since I've started Obviously when I've done camps and clinics indoor I have done that right, but the bulk of my business I've been able to do from local parks And just a high school that's around the area where I live at and if you follow me on Instagram You can see those places that I'm talking about because like I'm always there constantly there and I know that With that being said you can save a lot of money if you're resourceful if you're not resourceful if you just Go rent out some indoors place and it's really expensive. It's gonna be too difficult to to run your business that way Okay, now with that being said If there's any other expenses that you're taking on at the very beginning You're fooling yourself Because I can't think of anything else that you need to be doing that you have to pay for All right, I mean obviously you've set up your business You've had the the cost of setting up your business you went to the bank Those are all things I talked about in the book, but you can also do that for very for In some cases under $20 So that's it guys. This is a very blunt video I know that this is something a lot of coaches need to hear because I see too many people Like I'm in the soccer industry I see I saw coach the other day at the place I train at he just started his business He has a bunch of goals and all this stuff. He spent probably over three grand just buying all this stuff He doesn't have any clients What's the point of that? Don't need to be doing that. It's better to be scrappy at the beginning and then build from there Like I didn't even get a t-shirt for for my training business until like like three or four years after I already had trained like hundreds of players And even with that that was something That I didn't even buy all the t-shirts for my players I had them that was something that they were gonna have to buy if they wanted them Okay, so you got to be scrappy at the beginning You do not want to be wasteful I see too many business owners out there that are within sports that are wasting money at the beginning And if you need any more help with that if you need The book that I've talked about if you want to go check that out if you want to download it Let me know shoot me a comment and the comment section here on YouTube I'd love to chat with you there. I'll shoot you over the resource for our book And that would be a great way to get started with your business. All right. I'll talk to you soon


Welcome, Anna Law. I'm Mark Shklav, host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea program. Today, we're going across the Sea of Public Opinion to speak with David Strand. Davey, as he prefers to be called, is a lifelong political activist. It has a long professional career that spans the United States from being elected to the city council in his birthplace of Cleveland, Ohio, serving as chair of the Marin County Democratic Party and practicing immigration law in San Francisco for 34 years before he and his wife retired in Hawaii eight years ago. Davey recently wrote an editorial for the Honolulu Star Advertiser about war versus diplomacy. The editorial was titled Replace Wasteful Wars with Diplomacy and began by discussing the United States withdrawal from Afghanistan. I want to welcome Davey. How are you? Good to see you. And I wanted to ask you my first question. What motivated you to write that editorial? Well, I'm grateful to be able to discuss this issue, which is close to my heart. When I was a teenager, I looked forward to serving in an avian and seeing the world. But when I was in college, the Vietnam War was expanding. And I felt we were doing absolutely the wrong thing in Vietnam. And I became a kind of an anti-war activist. And subsequently, over the years, I was involved personally and with various organizations that sought peace and peaceful change in the world. When I moved to Hawaii, where we came eight years ago, my wife is originally from here, I was just taken aback by the pervasiveness of the military in Hawaii, more than I'd ever seen before. There were planes flying over and military vehicles and people in uniform and restaurants and shopping centers. And that kind of motivated me to really think that we shouldn't have all this now. But specifically regarding the article, when Biden withdrew our forces from Afghanistan, I thought it was a great thing because almost virtually everybody thinks that we haven't accomplished much there and it has been a waste of our efforts. But it's been hard to get out. Barack Obama didn't get us out of there. He wanted to and Trump didn't. But Biden did and he did it quickly. But he got all sorts of criticism for it. He didn't do it right.  You didn't do that right. You left a lot of people there. You know, we evacuated over 100,000 people from Afghanistan in a very short time. Very, very impressive. I think what he did was wonderful and he deserves lots and lots of credit for doing it. And you think that that was the right decision but why? Why was withdrawing from Afghanistan the right decision? Well, for 20 years we supported it. The fact that the Taliban took over so quickly as soon as we were going is evidence of the fact that our 20 years support for a very unpopular and corrupt government just wasn't doing any good. So I think it's wonderful that we got out. Okay. And I'm going to put up one of the quote number one from your editorial. You talk about the withdrawal, hopefully leading to immunization of our military presence throughout the world and increase in utilizing diplomacy in our foreign affairs. This is a direct quote from your editorial. And you talk about several reasons why war is not in the national interests of the United States and is generally harmful to the world. And that's another quote from your editorial. Tell us what's behind, why do you believe this? What is your reasons for these making these statements? First of all, our military actions have been counterproductive to our national purpose and our foreign policy. I think it is accepted that the time and energy and money and lives we sacrificed in Vietnam and in Iraq and in Afghanistan really didn't achieve purposes that we hoped that they would. In fact, they achieved the opposite purposes. For example, in the Middle East, even the short supposedly successful first Gulf War in which we drove Hussein out of Kuwait, as a result of that war, we had left troops throughout the Middle East. And those troops built resentment by Islamic fundamentalists that they used to recruit the people who became the terrorists that struck throughout the world, including the attack on the World Trade Center, 9-11. So basically, it's been counterproductive. That's one reason. Another reason is that war always involves lots of killing. That obviously is bad and sometimes necessary, but particularly non-combatants, innocent people are killed. Even a war like World War II, which was an important war that we had to be in and had to win, but it wasn't such a good thing for the millions of people that died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the fire bombings of Tokyo and many, many, many German cities. So war essentially, unless you're really certain it's worthwhile, it's a pure evil for those people who are innocent victims. Another thing is that it destabilizes the world. War usually creates lots and lots of refugees. The people are, their lives are ripped apart, they're separated from their homes and their families, and they seek refuge elsewhere. And the places that they go, the people there tend to resent them because their own governments are spending time and energy and money worrying about refugees rather than their own people. So xenophobia expands and it's just bad for that to happen. War also is a diversion of our energies and money from all kinds of other needs. When I see a black helicopter flying across the sky over IA here, military helicopters would seem to go by all the time. I think, well, couldn't that money be better spent on maybe air conditioning the public schools in Hawaii? We have so many needs having to do with poverty and health and education and environmental issues. A good example is Red Hill, for example. We've diverted our energies to doing other things in the military away from more essential needs, and that's not good. And another reason is the focus on the military, I believe, gives too much credence to the leadership of military people who make their decisions based on military factors. And there's all these side issues that are caused by that, such as PTSD and other mental health problems of our wounded warriors, such as sexual harassment in the military because of the concentration of testosterone-rich young men. It's the environmental issues that the military doesn't really pay enough attention to. Again, I would mention Red Hill. So these are the kinds of reasons that I think that war is an not very effective pool of our foreign policy.  Yeah, I think there is at times. I think that UN peacekeeping forces, for example, are military, and they separate the people that are otherwise going to fight. I think that perhaps our bombing in Bosnia of the Serbian troops there saved a lot of lives there. And I think at times, no fly zones can be effective in preventing worse carnage. So yeah, sometimes, sometimes. And one of the interesting quotes that you, I'm going to put up number four, is you talk about the United States having a great many military bases around the world and troops stationed more than 100 countries. I mean, we don't hear too much about that. But what is that about? All around the world, for example, in Germany, we still have 56,000 troops approximately, many bases. Now, why do we have troops in Germany? Originally, they went there because we defeated Germany. We occupied the country that we beat in World War II. And then we kept them there because we were threatened by the Soviet Union and its expansion tendencies. But this Germany is now a very rich country, a real ally of ours. The Soviet Union is no longer there. And why do we still have 56,000 troops in Germany? But let's look other places. Look at Saudi Arabia. I think we have five, five air force bases, five major air force bases there. And what did they cause but resentment? And as I said, kind of an incentive for the Islamic fundamentalist militants to organize their opposition to America, which they see as kind of a continuation of the Crusades. In the middle of Africa, Niger, we have three bases where we have drone stationed. We have a counterinsurgency people there. And we have surveillance in Niger. We have these all over the place. We have these, and I don't think there, those are just examples, but they are in 100 countries around the world. China, by the way, has, as far as I'm aware, only one actual base in a foreign country, which is in Djibouti, where we also have a base. Well, and, you know, so what is the alternative you're proposing here? Opposing war, I understand that. You say that military action sometimes has a positive result, but then you're pointing to having all these bases, the United States has all these bases and military all over the world. What is your alternative? What are you proposing? The alternative is non-military diplomacy. That means treaties that we have with other countries. That means some involvement in international institutions like the United Nations. It means the use of economics, economic incentives, economic investment. It means sharing information and educating people in the world. It means using negotiation kind of tactics to solve disputes. I'd like to mention a couple of examples that I've been personally involved with. Northern Ireland, for example. 300 years ago, William the Orange, William of Orange and Protestant defeated King James the Catholic, and since that time, there has been tremendous friction and often violence between the two communities in Northern Ireland. In the 80s, I went to Northern Ireland with a group called the Irish Forum, and we wanted to be part of understanding the process, understanding the troubles as they call them, and being part of the peace process. We talked to people, we talked to leaders of both sides and all leaders of different factions. I, in fact, spent some time talking to people in prisons. Prisoners at that time, 80% of the prisoners were political prisoners. Many of them were there because of assassinations. The people I was interviewing had been, you know, were either terrorists or freedom fighters, depending on which side you were in. Anyway, when Clinton became president, he really focused on this, and he brought American diplomacy. He's appointed Senator Mitchell of Maine as a special envoy and really focused American energy on that. We had lots of, we had a lot of influence with the British government, with the Irish government. We put in money as incentives. We did a lot of things, and it was successful. A peace agreement was signed, and it's pretty much held since that time. That's one example. Another example of an organization I was involved with was called the San Francisco International Program, which brought young professional people from around the world for training. We would set up training assignments in American institutions, and they would live with American families, and then they would go back to their home countries. I believe that, you know, we had special programs for people after the fall of communism from the former Soviet block, and we had a special program from people from South Africa after they fall of apartheid. Prior to that, because of their race could not move ahead in industry or government or nonprofit organizations or anything, and those people go back and they become influential, and they become friends of the United States because we treated them nicely and taught them something. For example, friends became the deputy police chief of Johannesburg, and the head parliamentarian of the South African parliament, and the head of the South African equivalent of the Smithsonian Institution. Those kinds of programs really make a difference. As does education. American education of foreign students is a great thing. People come to America, they are attracted to America, and they like Americans when they're here, and they're not going to want to bomb us and kill us when they go home. Those are examples. And what I hear you saying is people should talk to one another, and that's your idea of diplomacy, or that's your concept is that getting people to talk to one another as the governments did with the Irish situation. And as you have brought people to America to study, they get to know each other, and that will make a wall against killing each other or fighting. Well, that's a big part of it, plus negotiations, plus economic incentives, plus the support of international institutions that are treaties and things like the United Nations that help keep the peace. Look at Europe, for example, the European community. Europe had centuries of wars between all these countries, and since there's a United Europe, for most of Europe, there has been very little war there. And I want to go back a little bit. You were talking about the military in Hawaii, and in your article, you also talk about the ongoing military buildup in Hawaii. And your opinion is that, well, what is your opinion? Let me ask you. I mean, because there are people in Hawaii that say that the military is a great economic boom for Hawaii. It is certainly a great economic boom for Hawaii. And some of it is pretty positive. For example, the Pearl Harbor shipyard, which repairs and ships and so forth for the Navy employs about 5,000 people, which only 10% are actually in the military. But a lot of the other things are really unnecessary. We're bringing in more Marines to do training and artillery training in EVA. We're bringing in these huge drones to station them here. And I think that while that is helpful, of course, to the economy, if we could retool our thinking so that the other things, other governmental programs that had diplomatic positive aspects would be here. For example, many, not many, a few friends of mine who were in the Peace Corps did their training in Hawaii. For example, the East-West Center has programs that bring people to study and people to have conferences and people to have negotiations about issues of nations throughout the Pacific. And even the military itself, I think, could refocus from purely destructive kinds of things to doing positive things. The military does do humanitarian things. We have ships that go when there are disasters around the world that can help and so forth. And I think retooling within the focus of the military itself, as well as more expenditure on Peace Corps type activities. You also mentioned when we were talking China, and in your article, the next quote, the fifth quote, you mentioned that we don't understand China's Belt and Road Initiative and other non-military international development efforts where the Chinese are outpacing us. What are you talking about? What don't we understand? How are they outpacing us? They're outpacing us because I believe we are still the wealthiest nation in the world. And we still have the know-how to help countries that the Chinese are building roads and bridges and ports, but they're all linked to the Chinese economy, kind of pulling everybody into dealing with China. I think we could do a better job. We have, if we were out there, instead of having three bases in Niger, a pretty poor country, if we were focusing on countries around the world helping building harbors and controlling flooding and helping their education system educate more people who could be useful to the world and dealing with their health problems. If we did all that kind of thing, rather than the military basis, we would be much better off, I think. And China is actually kind of doing that, or I think we could do a lot better. So they're kind of ahead of the game is what you're saying and they're using a strategy that brings people together is what I hear you saying. Is that right? Yeah. It's non-military. They're putting an awful lot of money and energy into non-military efforts to bring to increase their influence in the world. Okay, now you talk about doing these diplomatic or pursuing peace, but how did we pursue peace with countries like North Korea? Good example. I was also involved with an organization, a non-profit organization, an NGO, a Korean based called Good Neighbors, what actually was involved in sending people and aid to North Korea in terms of agricultural aid and food aid in areas of need in North Korea, which are many. It's a very, very, very poor country. And there is an organization that I know of in Washington that has a committee of about 100 people of key academicians and people from faith groups and people from the non-profit groups and business that is all focused on peaceful change in North Korea. I think that with the focus of groups like that, with the fact that we have common cause with China in preventing some kind of nuclear catastrophe coming out of North Korea, we have a lot of very energetic South Koreans who are very, very eager to do something to bring peace to North Korea. So I think that we have lots of avenues and if we put the kind of energy into those, we could make a difference in North Korea and other places. Now you've talked a lot about your background in various organizations and I can see that you have been an activist for a long time. What else? I mean, what else has developed, helped to develop your philosophy about war and the pursuit of peace in the world and about your immigration law background? Has that been involved with what your thoughts are? Yeah, the immigration background helped. As an immigration lawyer, I fully recognize that our country is by far the most desirable place for most people in the world to immigrate to. No other country brings as many immigrants. People want to come here because of economic opportunity, political freedom, religious freedom, etc. And people are not flocking to China or Russia or India or Pakistan or we have a great culture and people are attracted to it. So that makes me feel proud and we have something worth supporting. Another aspect of my immigration practice that made me think a lot about this, my favorite cases were political asylum cases. These are people who are in the United States who do not want to return to their home country because of fear of persecution on the basis of political opinion or race or national origin or or other religion. And I've represented people seeking political asylum from Asia, from Africa, from Europe, from the Americas and from Pacific Islands. And so I know that there's a lot of bad guys out there in the world that are treating their own people very, very harshly. There's a lot of persecution in the world and I believe that we can help change that and it will benefit America. You know, your editorial really advocated pursuing diplomacy and peace and not military action, not war, but you received a lot of pushback from several people. One person wrote that you were not living in the real world and that the real world requires peace through strength. Another wrote that you might enjoy compromising to the brutality of the Taliban. And another wrote that you were advocating surrender to our enemies who would ultimately slit our throats. These are what people actually wrote after you did your editorial. Now, how do you respond to these comments? And I mean, are you saying that we should surrender? I mean, that's what these responses said. Well, absolutely not. I believe in an active and aggressive foreign policy. And I think we should pursue American ideals and American interests through our foreign policy. I think that, you know, but we can't, we didn't succeed in defeating the Taliban. And there are a lot of other places in the world where there are similar problems or worse problems than the Taliban. We can't fight them all, but we can have some impact on them through diplomacy. For example, Boko Haram in Africa controls parts of northern Nigeria and adjacent African countries and their treatment of women is much worse than the Taliban.  And they use women as suicide bombers. And I mean, it's really bad. We can't solve that militarily, but there are other problems. You know, right in our own hemisphere in a country like Guatemala for decades, for hundreds of years, really, the 40% of the people who are indigenous have been pretty much repressed and brutalized by the government there. I don't think we can solve that militarily. In China, in China, lots of the goods that we get that say made in China that we buy because they're cheap were made in in reeducation centers that are really prisons, where they send political dissidents and ethnic minorities and they are brutally treated and subjected to torture. And that's in China. We certainly can't solve any problems in China militarily, right? But we are very economically interconnected with China. And we are their major customer for these all the stuff that they make. And the economic ties that we have could lead to, I think, alleviation of some of those problems. And those are, I believe in an aggressive pro-American, I believe in our ideals of our country and our democracy. And so, no, I'm not about to sit back. I'm not a defeatist. And you're not saying abolish the military? No, I'm saying abolish the military. I say cut back on a lot of their unnecessary programs. We are always developing new weapons systems, but we already have, you know, the world is covered with nuclear submarines carrying nuclear weaponry. I mean, how much more do we need? And so, yeah, I say, but we do need a military. I believe in a strong Navy, open freedom of commerce on the seas and so forth. But I don't believe we should be attacking countries and we don't need all the military equipment that we have. I think one of the reasons we have it is because of the arms industry, because they make a lot of money out of selling new and more sophisticated military equipment. I think it's their influence through their propaganda, shall we say. Also, their influence through political contributions to members of Congress. And I'm not saying that they're doing this out of any evil. They probably think they're doing the right thing and what's best for the country. But I would disagree strongly. And Let me, we have a couple minutes. I want to close, but I want to ask you the last quote I want to put up is how basically you closed your editorial. You say, I wish I knew an effective strategy to influence our government to pursue peace with the energy with which we prepare for war.   But how do we get there? Is that going to happen? I mean, what is, you know, what hope do you have? Well, it's not going struggle, but I think the Biden presidency and the withdrawal from Afghanistan was a very, very, very positive sign. I'm one of the people that most impresses me that's been involved in public life is Samantha Power, who was the UN ambassador under Barack Obama. She's a former human rights activist who is now the head of USA, the US Agency for International Development. And just before I got on this program now, I was reading the mission statement of the US Agency for International Development, USA. And their mission statement is exactly what I feel we should be doing. And I think the fact that we have people like that in significant positions in the Biden administration give us a lot of hope that that things can change. And we can come up with a foreign policy that is beneficial to us and helpful to the world and confronting some of the evil in the world through non-military means. And the military means, I can only say, just pay old again and again. Well, Davey, I want to thank you for sharing your opinion and adding more to what you wrote in your editorial for the Star Analyzer. And we'll see where we go from here. You know, this is an ongoing matter. There is a war versus diplomacy. And the question will be who wins? And hopefully we'll come to the right decision. Aloha, Davey. Thank you very much.


So students in this module I will of course throughout this last modules I have been comparing and talking about NoSQL vis-a-vis RDVMS model. Now in this module I will do very very specific and very focused comparison of NoSQL with RDVMS and that comparison will be based upon 10 criteria or you can say I will tell you the 10 major differences between the NoSQL and the RDVMS module. So let's look at those 10 differences and then in the subsequent modules I will briefly go over each of those 10 differences as a pair of differences. So on your screen you can see these 10 differences okay or the 10 advantages the word advantage is more important. The 10 advantages over here okay the 10 advantages not the differences of course we have discussed that NoSQL is not is not relational as opposed to MySQL which is relational and of course we will discuss it more also in some other course. So these are the advantages of NoSQL over RDVMS. So these 10 so now let's go and look at these 10 advantages in more detail. So let's ETL ETL is Extract Transform Load okay now this is the domain of data warehousing which is course 36 CS614 a lot of details over there but as over here as is data storage is used why because NoSQL supports these three formats these three formats are not the four types of data structures remember big difference so since these three formats are supported so there is less coding so there is less effort there is less plumbing code as the term goes that we convert the formats and then make them usable. So these three formats are supported so since these three formats are supported there is less ETL and there is less data conversion when there is less data conversion of course there is less maintenance and when there is less maintenance the maintenance cost goes down and it is multi language NoSQL and faceted search now what is faceted search faceted search does is that when you get the search results then certain filters are applied to narrow down the search okay and those filters come from you identify certain mutually exclusive but totally exhaustive okay strings or keywords based upon which this faceted search is performed. So this is very powerful feature for those scenarios in which we have kind of a text documents or document database which is supported by NoSQL of course we have this pattern matching in RDB mass relational but it is very slow over there is very slow and it is not it is not meant and built for this kind of searches then is the named entity extraction entity is something with our interest such as the name of a person name of a place a date name of an organization right and those things are supported those are part of the NoSQL solution which are not there in relational RDB mass model relational model this is a big advantage okay then is handles change over time okay and no SQL magic needed now as we have been discussing again and again that NoSQL is agnostic schema agnostic it means that when we start populating a NoSQL database you know it's not required to have a schema do you populate the database NoSQL database and work on it and it is when you need to know it when you perform a read on it that we have discussed when you perform a read on it then you need to know or what kind of schema should have been there so it is it is flexible the advantage is that as the schema changes over time in a relational model when you modify the schema it has a great ripple effect many things have to be changed many things have to be maintained it's a very expensive endeavor in terms of time and resources universal indexing immediate use as the NoSQL database is populated the indexes are also updated so it doesn't take a lot of time and you don't have to master and mastering SQL is a thorny art you use which type of joints outer join okay nested loops or select within select or cursors or sensitive cursors what else what more okay so it is a complex endeavor over here you don't need that kind of complexity to master to retrieve what you are looking for and SQL a NoSQL is for compatibility purposes they are different things NoSQL is different but of course it can support for the compatibility and it frees NoSQL SQL frees the developers from the vagracies from the complexities of the database so that they can spend more time on being more productive and of course the cost also NoSQL runs on inexpensive servers a lot of inexpensive servers which is horizontal scaling versus buying a single expensive server which is vertical scaling for a relational model and this this inexpensive hardware increases the what yes availability and adds durability because when you have multiple servers servers can crash this is a fact of life but when you have multiple servers horizontal scaling okay then is very less likelihood that all the servers fail maybe one can fail but in vertical scaling if the one server fail everything stops not over here and there are variety of NoSQL databases to meet your needs as opposed to a single which is the relational model range of data structures you can look at over here and there are wide variety of new entrants also such as IBM such as Microsoft such as Oracle it is not just limited to open source okay and finally there is no historical batch package there are no lots and lots of historical data that needs to be converted and you can perform the aggregations okay without porting lot of data so it is next to the data okay and indexes are updated as the as the databases are populated therefore it is this this aggregation is close turn around time is close next to the data so these are some of the fundamental basic 10 advantages of NoSQL with respect to the relational model that is all I have for this module for you