A very good evening aspirants, I welcome you all to the Daily Hindu Newspaper Analysis brought to you by Shankar Ayes Academy. Today I am going to cover 8 different news articles from the Hindu Newspaper dated 21st December 2022 and displayed here are all the stuff news articles that we are going to discuss today you can go through it. Now without any delay let's get into the article discussion. Have a look at this news article, this news article here talks about the famous Theosophical Society. It says that 147th International Convention of Theosophical Society is about to be held at its headquarters which is in Aryar Chennai and this is the crux of the news article given here. See Theosophical Society is very important for you from Prillam's point of view and also its functions and roles which falls under the topic social religious reform movements are important from mains perspective. So pay attention to the discussion. Now let's start by understanding what the Theosophical Society is all about. See it all started when a group of westerners led by Madam A. H. P. Blavatsky and Colonel M. S. Alcott who were inspired by Indian thought and culture. They founded Theosophical Society in New York City in 1875. Later in 1882 they shifted the headquarters of Theosophical Society to Aryar Chennai. See the society had a belief that a special relation could be established between a person's soul and God and this is by contemplation, prayer and revelation. Now it is important to note here that they accepted the Hindu beliefs of reincarnation and karma. Also they took inspiration from the philosophy of Upanishads, Yoga and also from Vedanta school of thoughts. This is a brief about Theosophical Society. What was the role of Theosophical Society? Theosophical Society aimed to work towards universal brotherhood without any distinction of race, creed, sex or caste. Then Theosophical Society soon became associated with the Hindu Renaissance. Because of this, the society opposed child marriage and advocated the abolition of caste based discrimination. The society also worked for the cause of widows. Despite its social works, it was not very popular until Annie Besant took over as president in 1907. As we all know thereafter, Theosophical Society is actively involved in Indian independence movement. This is about role. Now talking about the drawbacks of Theosophical Society, see the major drawback of the society was that the society fulfilled the urges of the educated Hindus only. That is, its impact was felt only on a small segment of westernised class and an average Indian did not gain much out of its actions. However, as a revivalist movement, it gave Indians the pride and self-respect to fight against the colonial rulers. So this is about Theosophical Society and its significance and have a tab for this when you prepare the topics under social religious reform movement. This is all regarding this news article discussion. This discussion we saw about Theosophical Society and some of its roles and finally about drawbacks of Theosophical Society. As I mentioned earlier, this topic is very important for your both prelims and main exam. So make note of each and every points that we discussed in this article. Now with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article, this news article talks about genome sequencing. It says that India's health ministry has asked the states to boost the genome sequencing of the virus samples. See the genome sequencing is done to track variants of virus through the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium Network. See the genome sequencing is essential because of the increase in the coronavirus cases in China, USA and South Korea. India has also been reporting around 1200 cases a week. And this is the crux of the news article given here. Now in this context, let us understand about genome sequencing, then how it is done and finally we will see some of the benefits of genome sequencing. But before getting into discussion, the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here. Kindly go through it. Now first, let's start with basics. What is DNA? See it is expanded as deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the material that exists in every cell in the body that holds genetic code. And know that four chemical bases make up the DNA. It includes adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine and this is about the DNA. Now what is gene? See gene is nothing but the basic unit of heredity which is passed from parent to the child. See genes are made up of sequences of DNA. So a segment of DNA is called as gene and these genes only contain information for making specific proteins and these proteins led to the expression of a particular physical characteristic or trait such as hair color or eye color etc. Now look at this image, it will give you better understanding. See the sequences of bases here, it is only DNA. See sequencing is nothing but arranging in a particular order. So the four bases are arranged in certain order and these sequences form DNA and a particular segment of DNA is called as gene. As we already saw, this gene only contains information for making specific proteins which in turn decides the physical characteristics. Let us imagine something here. Let us assume that pink region here holds gene for the hair color. So this means that this segment only will decide whether the person will get black or brown or blonde hair. I hope now you understand what is DNA and what is gene. Now let us see what is genome. See the genome is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell. As we all know humans consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes. Here one chromosome from each parent will make a pair. Apart from this we also have small chromosome in the cells mitochondria. And all of this together is called genome. So a genome contains all the information needed for an individual to develop and function. So it is like a recipe book for making our body. Now let us come to genome sequencing. So what is this genome sequencing? See we already saw that genome consists of chromosomes, then chromosome consists of DNA and DNA consists of four bases. And we also saw that these bases will be arranged in a specific order. So the process of finding out the order of DNA bases in the genome is only called genome sequencing. Now you may ask why should we find the order of the bases in the genome? Earlier we saw that genome contains all the information needed for an individual to develop and function right? So if you find the sequence of the genome then it will be easy for us to identify the unique DNA fingerprint or pattern of the organism. In simple words we will be able to understand about the organism fully. Why certain organism behaves certain way or how it reproduces or how it causes disease. All these questions will be answered if we find out the sequence of the genome. Because it is the genome which holds information for developing the organism and its functioning. And that is why in the article India is boosting the genome sequencing of covid virus. And this is to understand covid virus fully so that we can covid spread right. This is all about genome sequencing. Now let's see some of the benefits of genome sequencing. The first benefit is the potential medical implication. See genome sequencing can provide information on genetic variants that lead to disease. Then the second benefit is in the field of drug delivery. See genome sequencing helps in obtaining information regarding drug efficacy or adverse effect of drug use. And for your information know that the relationship between drugs and the genome is called pharmacogenomics. And the third benefit is in the field of archeology. We have read several times in the newspaper regarding genome sequencing of archeological specimens right. And the genome sequencing will give us information about the physical characteristics of our ancestors and then genetic mutations etc. And the final benefit is the cost effectiveness. See once a genome is decoded it becomes a multi-generational repository of information. And this decoded genome will prevent the errors in the diagnosis of disease and the treatment. And that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about what is DNA then what is gene and then what is genome and then we saw about what is genome sequencing. And finally we saw some of the benefits of genome sequencing. See this type of science and tech topics are very very important for your both prelims and main exam because this type of concepts are frequently asked in UPC exam. So make note of each and every points that we discussed in the article. Now with these key points in mind let's move on to the next news article discussion. See this editorial article here it talks about the issue of ensuring independence of integrity institutions in India particularly election commission of India. See this editorial article is written in the context of Supreme Court of India hearing a case relating to the appointment of election commissioner of India. This article further stresses the need for ensuring a sound appointment strategy for integrity institutions. And this is the crux of the article given here. Now in this discussion we will see what is mean by integrity institutions then why is it necessary to ensure independence of the integrity institutions. Now before getting into discussion the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here you can go through it. Now firstly coming to the term integrity institutions. See the author of the article terms set in government institutions in a country as integrity institutions due to the fact that these institutions are so crucial for functioning of democracy. The author further says that these institutions can also be called as fourth pillar of democracy. Now the examples of integrity institutions found in India are election commission of India, comptroller and auditor general, the public service commissions and the national commission for schedule cost, schedule trips etc. Now coming particularly to election commission of India see there are numerous safeguards for ensuring the independence of election commission of India. As we all know election commission conducts elections to the sum of highest offices in our country. Now let's see some of the safeguards provided by our constitution to ensure the independence of election commission of India. See article 324 class 5 says that chief election commissioner of India shall not be removed from his office except in a manner like judge of the supreme court. What this says is the constitution is safeguarding chief election commissioner and this ensures independence of election commission of India. The constitution also says that the conditions of service of the chief election commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. See this point also tries to safeguard the independence of election commission of India. Here also note that the expenses of election commission of India is charged on the consolidated fund of India. It means that government of India cannot curtail the expenses of election commission of India according to its pimps and fancies. So this also safeguards the independence of election commission of India. So election commission of India has complete authority on how, where and when to conduct an election without any interference from the executive. So this also ensures the independence of election commission of India. See these are all some of the constitutional safeguards provided for the election commission of India to ensure its independence. Now talking about the issues pertaining to the autonomy of election commission of India. See the appointment mechanism of chief election commissioner and election commissioners are solely within the domain of executives in India. As we all know chief election commissioner and election commissioners are appointed by the president of India in consultation with the council of ministers. See this is one of the main challenge for the autonomy of election commission of India. Now coming to the article the author of the article brings in an observation of South African constitutional court. See the South African court said true and functional independence is effectively impossible if the power to appoint rests entirely with a single individual office or entity. See this is particularly true in the case of India since executive are the sole appointing agency for chief election commissioner and election commissioners. So this will ultimately lead to the erosion of independence of election commission of India. And another major issue with the election commission is the constitution does not debar the retiring election commissioner for any further appointment by the government. See it gives the government a chance to reappoint particular election commissioner to any other government post or to election commission itself. So the election commissioner may lean to the government's actions because he is reappointed by the government. So it also affects the independence of election commission of India. And thirdly with chief election commissioner only has a security of tenure while the other two election commissioners can be removed with the approval of chief election commissioners. See this a serious concern which leaves the other two election commissioners without a security of tenure. So this also affects the independence of election commissioner of India. See, these are all some of the issues associated with election commission of India which is presently there. Now finally, let's see a few solutions for these problems. Firstly, there should be a mechanism to look into the appointment process. Here comes the Vinit Narayanan case becomes important. See, Supreme Court in the case held that CBA director's appointment must be by a body consisting of the Prime Minister, the leader of opposition and the Chief Justice of India. So, the author of the article opinions that this type of appointment process will also be followed in the appointment of election commissioners and chief election commissioner to the election commission of India and this will bring independence to election commission of India. Other than this, election commissioners service conditions can be brought on par with the chief election commissioner and this will help them perform without fear. And the author of the article ends the discussion by saying that the Supreme Court need to spell out interim orders regarding the appointment of election commissioner and chief election commissioners and the author also says that the court should leave the permanent structural solution to the legislature and this is all about what is discussed in this article and we have come to end of this discussion and through this discussion we saw about what are integrated institutions and also we saw about what are our safeguards in the constitution for election commission of India. Then we saw about what are the issues affecting the independence of election commission of India and finally we saw about some of the solutions to solve the issues. See this article is very important for your mains examination because this topic is frequently coming in news so we may expect a mains question regarding independence of election commission of India. So make note of each and every points that we discussed in the article and you can also use these points in your mains answer and that's all regarding this article. Now with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. This news article here talks about the State Human Rights Commission. See the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister has recommended the names of former high court judges to be appointed as members of State Human Rights Commission and this is the crux of the news article given here. Now in this regard we will learn about the State Human Rights Commission as it is important from your mains and films perspective. Now let's start by understanding about the State Human Rights Commission. See the State Human Rights Commission was established in states under the provisions of protection of Human Rights Act 1993. So it is a statutory body and not a constitutional body. Remember this fact and note on point here the State Human Rights Commission can inquire into violation of human rights only in respect of subjects mentioned in the state list and the concurrent list of sound schedule. Now coming to its composition, see the State Human Rights Commission is a multi-member body it consisting of chairperson and two members. Know that the chairperson of the body shall be a retired Chief Justice of a High Court or a High Court Judge. Now coming to the members, the members should be serving or retired High Court Judge or a District Judge with seven years of experience. Now you may think how they are appointed. Know that the chairperson and the members of State Human Rights Commission are appointed by the governor of the respective states. They are appointed based on the recommendations made by a committee. Here the members of the committee include the Chief Minister who also acts as the head of the committee and the Speaker of particular state legislative assembly. Now talking about the tenure of the chairperson and members, see the chairperson and the members hold the office for a term of three years or until they attain the age of 70. An important point to note here is that although the appointment of chairperson and the members is done by the governor, their removal is in the hands of president. So they are appointed by governor but they are removed only by the president and this is all about State Human Rights Commission. Now we will see some of the important functions of State Human Rights Commission. Firstly, the commission inquires into any violation of human rights by a public servant. It can also take up cases by COMOTO or by a petition or by a court order. This is the first foremost function of State Human Rights Commission. Secondly, it can intervene in any proceedings involving allegations of violation of human rights pending before a court. Then thirdly, the commission can even visit jails and detention places to study about the living conditions of prisoners. Then fourthly, the commission can also review the constitutional and other legal safeguards for the production of human rights. And fifthly, the commission can review the factors including acts of terrorism and recommend remedial measures. And sixthly, they can even undertake research projects in the field of human rights. And finally, the commission also works to promote literacy among the people and they also create awareness of the safeguards available for the production of human rights. See, these are all some of the major functions of State Human Rights Commission and have a tab for this when you read important statutory bodies. And that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about State Human Rights Commission, its composition, then the tenure and the appointment of chairperson and the members and finally, we saw about some of the important functions of State Human Rights Commission. See, this topic is very important in the aspect of both problems and means. So, make note of each and every points that we discussed in this article. Now, with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. See this news article here, this news article talks about a discussion that happened in Rajasabha. See, this discussion was happened when the government attempted to move to appropriation bills. Although, the debate from the article is not that important, here we should learn about the appropriation bill as it becomes relevant from the prelims perspective under the topic Indian polity and governance. And from Main's perspective, it comes under GS paper 2 in the topic functions and responsibilities of the union and the state. So, now we will see what an appropriation bill is all about. See, to put simply, when an appropriation bill is passed, it means that the central government can withdraw funds from the Consulate Fund of India. As we all know that the budget proposal happens before every financial year. So, post this budget discussions and the voting on demand for grants, the government introduces the appropriation bill in the Lokshabha. What appropriation bill does is that it basically gives authority to the government to withdraw funds from the Consulate Fund of India. See, the article 114 class 3 of the constitution says that no amount can be withdrawn from the Consulate Fund without the enactment of such law by the parliament. So, to give effect to this article only, the appropriation bill is being introduced in the Lokshabha. Note that no amendment can be proposed to an appropriation bill which will have the effect of varying the amount or altering the destination of any grant made or of varying the amount of any expenditure charged on the Consulate Fund of India. And this is about the appropriation bill. Now, we will see the procedure on how it is passed. We all know that when the budget is presented, there would be discussions. Following this, the budget proposal is scrutinized by various committees of the parliament. Then there would be voting on demand for grants. And after the voting on demand for grants, the government introduces the appropriation bill in the Lokshabha. And it has to be passed by the Lokshabha. Then it is sent to the Rajshabha. See, in this regard, the Rajshabha can only make recommendations. And it is the will of Lokshabha to either accept or reject the recommendations made by Rajshabha. And finally, once the bill passed by both Lokshabha and Rajshabha, then it is sent to the president for his or her assent. And after the assent of the president, the government appropriates funds from the Consulate Fund of India. And this is all about the process on which the appropriation bill is passed. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about what is appropriation bill, then the procedure involved in the passing of appropriation bill. Now, with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now, take a look at this news article. It reports that Gujarat's Vatnagar town, then the Sun Temple at Modera and the rock-cut sculptures of Unakoti in Tirupura have been added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This article further gives some specific details about all the three sites. And this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us learn about UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. But before getting into discussion, we will briefly see about UNESCO. See, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, which is shortly known as UNESCO is a specialized agency functioning under the United Nations. See, it aims to provide world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, science and culture. Now, with this background, let's learn about UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. See, a World Heritage Site is a landmark or an area with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO. See, World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific and other forms of significance. Now, coming to the different types of sites which are recognized by UNESCO. See, there are three different sites recognized by UNESCO. They are cultural, natural and mixed sites. Here, cultural sites are those which have some sort of cultural importance. Then, natural sites are those which have some sort of geographical importance. Now, coming to the mixed sites, the mixed sites are those which have both cultural and geographical importance. This is about the types. Now, coming to India's specific information, at present, there are 40 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India. Among these 40 sites, 32 are cultural, 7 are natural and one is a mixed site. Here, the mixed site is none other than the Kanjanjunga National Park. This is about World Heritage Sites. Now, let's move on to see about the tentative list of UNESCO. See, UNESCO maintains a tentative list of sites from which the heritage sites are finally chosen. From the tentative list, the sites can be nominated to attain World Heritage Site status. Here, note that the residing authority who can include sites into World Heritage List is a committee called World Heritage Committee. Note that the committee consists of members from 21 countries and they are elected by General Assembly of State Parties for a four-year term. This is about World Heritage Committee. Now, coming to the news article, it says that India has added three sites to the tentative list. As we saw earlier, two sites are located in state of Gujarat and one site is located in state of Tirupura. Now, first, let's take Unakoti. See, Unakoti is the site which is located in Tirupura is also known as Angor Wat of North Eastern India. Note that huge rock-cut sculptures are present here. Also, note that the Unakoti is an ancient holy place associated with Shaiva worship. This site is located in a forest area displaying a number of towering lower-lift images in a unique style. So, it making it a masterpiece of human-creative genius. Now, coming to the other sites, the Vadnagar town has been added to the list due to its historical importance. See, it is said to be a multi-layered historic town with history stretching back to nearly 8th century BC. And coming to the final site, see, it is about Modera Sun Temple. See, it is dedicated to the Sun God and it is the earliest of such temples which set trends in architectural and decorative details. Here, note that this temple represents the regional architecture of Solanki style. And this is all about the three sites which are recently added to the tentative list. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about UNESCO, then UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, then about three types of World Heritage Sites. And then we saw about the tentative list of UNESCO. And finally, we saw in brief about the three sites that have recently added to tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Site. See, this topic is very important for your students' exam. So, try to remember the sites. And that's all regarding this discussion. Now, with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now, have a look at this text and context page article. This article talks about the new global biodiversity framework, that is Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. For better understanding about this framework, we have to first learn about Convention on Biological Diversity. See the Convention on Biological Diversity, which is shortly known as CBD is the International Legal Instrument of the United Nations. And this Convention is for the conservation of biological diversity. The Convention will also look into the sustainable use of biological components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources. So, the overall objective of Convention on Biological Diversity is to encourage actions which will lead to sustainable future. Know that the CBD has been ratified by 196 nations. The CBD's governing body is the Conference of the Parties. This means that Conference of Parties is the decision-making body. Remember, the secret rate of CBD is located in Montreal, Canada. Now, coming back to the news article, this article says that recently the Convention on Biological Diversity got a boost at a conference held in Montreal. See, 188 out of 196 members of Convention on Biological Diversity agreed on a new framework, that is Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. To put simply, the new framework is providing boost to the Convention on Biological Diversity. See, this framework aims to halt the sharp and steady loss of biological species. Note that this biological framework has got support from United States and the Vatican, despite they are not party to the Convention on Biological Diversity. And this is the crux of the text and context article given here. Now, in this context, let us discuss about the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. But before getting into discussion, the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here, kindly go through it. Now, first let's start with what is biodiversity. See, biological diversity, which is shortly known as biodiversity is the variety of life on earth in all its forms. That is, from genes and bacteria to entire ecosystems such as forests or coral reefs. Now, coming to the question, is biodiversity very important? Yes, of course. See, biological diversity is necessary to sustain the balance of ecosystems. Then, biodiversity also enables the humans to coexist with nature. Then, the services rendered by diverse living forms, such as plants and animals, are most visible. Here, the ecosystem services include providing humans with food, fuel, fiber, shelter, building materials, etc. Then, the ecosystem also purifies air and water. Then, it stabilizes climate and it also moderates the effect of flood, drought, extreme temperatures and wind. See, if these services are disrupted, there will be severe impacts such as failed agriculture, aberrant climate patterns and cascading loss of species. And this also accelerates the degradation of earth. So, we can say that the biodiversity is our strongest natural defense against climate change. Now, with this basic understanding, let's see about Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity See, as I already said, this framework is a boost to the convention on biological diversity. Know that this framework has 23 targets that the world needs to achieve by 2030. And targets are ambitious because it is considered that biodiversity is in poor state. See, I am not going to discuss all the 23 targets. Now, I will tell you important targets alone as mentioned in the news article. Firstly, the framework targets for the production of degraded areas. Then, it also provides for resource mobilization for conservation and compensation for countries that preserve biodiversity. Then, the framework even targets halting human activity linked to species extinction. And it also aims to reduce the spread of invasive alien species by half. Here, you have to note that the framework goals and targets do not prohibit the use of biodiversity. But it calls for sustainable use. Okay? Then, the framework emphasizes the respect for the rights of indigenous communities who traditionally protect forests and biodiversity. In overall, it ensures human coexistence with nature. See, these are all some of the targets of Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity framework. Now, coming to the another question. Will these targets be achieved? See, this question arises because earlier the convention on biological diversity had launched the ICHI Biodiversity targets for 2020. This included safeguarding of all ecosystems that provide services for humanity's survival. The ICHI targets also include the Nagoya Protocol. See, the Nagoya Protocol was created to ensure sharing of biodiversity as a sun benefits. But what happened to this ICHI targets? See, the ICHI Biodiversity targets were not met. So, to prevent this type of failure, the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity framework points out that the member nations need to submit a revised and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan. And it has to be done in the 2024 conference. Further, the parties to the convention on biological diversity should submit national reports in 2026 and 2029 respectively. See, this will help to prepare global reviews. And the framework also points out that even business and industry would have to assess, monitor and report the risks and impacts of their operations and portfolios. And when we talk about the funding, the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework hopes to see at least 200 billion US dollars to be raised per year. And this is from all sources such as domestic, international, public and private. Then in terms of international funding, developing countries should get at least 20 billion US dollars a year. And this is by 2025 and at least 30 billion US dollars by 2030. Now, how the developing countries will get funds? See, they get funds through contributions from developed countries. For this funding mechanism, the Global Environment Facility, which is a multilateral body, has been tasked to establish a special trust fund. And this fund will help in implementation of Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Then the Global Biodiversity Framework is also aligned with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. See, I have given what are all the sustainable development goals that are needed to be achieved by Global Biodiversity Framework. You can just go through it. See, overall, the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is going to be a framework that ensures achievement of sustainable development goals in all its three dimensions. That is environmental, social and economic dimensions. And that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about conventional biological diversity, then about biodiversity. And we saw in detail about Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, then some of its targets. And finally, we saw about funding pattern of the Global Biodiversity Framework. See, this topic is very important in the aspect of main examination. So make note of each and every points that we discussed in this article. Now, with these key points in mind, let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now, have a look at this news article. This news article talks about the delivery of Submarine Vagheer. See, this Submarine is the 50th Scorpion Class Conventional Submarine made under Project 75 of Indian Navy. And this is the crux of the news article given here. Now, in this context, let us learn about Scorpion Class Conventional Submarines of India. See, first of all, what is a submarine? See, submarine is a naval vessel that is capable of propelling itself beneath the water as well as on the water surface. Now, coming to the Scorpion Class Conventional Submarines. See, the Scorpion Class Submarines are one of the most advanced conventional submarines in the world. These submarines have superior stealth features. For example, it has advanced acoustic silencing techniques, then low-radiated noise levels, and it has the ability to attack with precision-guided weapons on board. Now, what is the purpose of these submarines? See, the Indian Navy intends to use the submarines for missions like area surveillance, then intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, and mine laying operations. Know that these submarines are armed with six torpedo launching tubes, then 18 heavy weapons, then tube-launched anti-ship missiles, and precision-guided weapons. Then, it can also launch crippling attacks on surface and underwater enemy targets. Moreover, the attack submarines can travel at a maximum submerged speed of approximately two knots. And they also have the ability to remain submerged for 21 days. And know that it has a diving depth of more than 350 meters. Now, who designed these submarines? See, these Scorpion Class Submarines are being constructed at Musagon Dark Shipbuilders Limited in Mumbai. And it is under collaboration with French naval group. This is under technology transfer from the naval group of France. Remember, the submarine is part of India Navy's Project 75. And the first submarine under this project was commissioned into the Navy in December 2017. At present, the Navy has four submarines from this project. Firstly, INS Kalwari, then INS Kandairi, and both were commissioned in September 2019. And thirdly, INS Karnaj, which was commissioned in March 2021. And the fourth one, INS Vela, which was commissioned in November 2021. And now, the fifth one, that is INS Vagheer, is scheduled to be commissioned into service in January 2023. And know that the sixth, that is INS Vagheer was launched into water in April 2022. And it is expected to be delivered to the Navy by 2023 end. Also know that the Navy has drawn up plans to install air independent propulsion modules on all Scorpion Submarines. Now, what is mean by this air independent propulsion modules? See, this technology enhances the underwater endurance and stealth of conventional submarines. This means that the submarines need not to come onto the surface often for oxygen to recharge their batteries. Okay. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about what is submarine, then about Scorpion class submarines. And we also saw about the purpose of the Scorpion class submarines. And we also saw about project 75 of the Indian Navy. And finally, we saw about what is air independent propulsion modules. And that's all regarding this discussion. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next part of the news article discussion that is to discuss preliminary practice questions. Now, look at this first question. This question is regarding Theosophical Society. Now, let's take up the first statement. Annie Besant was the founding member of the Theosophical Society. See, this statement is wrong because the Theosophical Society was founded by Madame A. H. P. Blavatsky and Colonel M. S. Allcott. And it was founded in the New York City in 1875. So, statement one is wrong. Now, coming to the second statement, it rejected the Hindu beliefs of reincarnation and karma. See, this statement is also wrong because as we saw in the discussion, the society accepted the Hindu beliefs of reincarnation and karma. Also, they took inspiration from the philosophy of Upanishads and Yoga. So, statement two is also wrong. Now, the question is asking for incorrect statement. So, in the question, both statements are incorrect. So, the correct answer for the question is option C, both 1 and 2. Moving on, now let's take up the second question. See, this question is a previous question and it was asked in prelims 2021. Now, I will read out the question, which one of the following ancient towns is well known for its elaborate system of water harvesting and management by building a series of dams and channelizing water into connector reservoirs. See, here the correct answer is option A, Dolavira. See, Dolavira is a Harappan-era archaeological site present in Kutch region of Gujarat. See, Dolavira was included in UNESCO's list of old heritage sites in the month of July 2021. And this is why the question was asked in the prelims that year. See, the excavations from Dolavira provides us the example for ancient water harvesting system. That's why the question is regarding water harvesting and water management. So, the correct answer is option A, Dolavira. Now, moving on, let's take up the final question. Which among the following options is incorrect? Here, four options are given. We have to choose which option is incorrect. Now, let's take up the first option. Project 75 of the Indian Navy is a step towards Atmanirbar Bharat. Yes, option A is correct. See, all submarines under Project 75 are built in India. So, it promotes Atmanirbar Bharat. So, option one is correct. Now, coming to the option B, Project 75 envisages six Scorpion class conventional submarines. See, this option is also correct. See, Project 75 envisages six Scorpion class submarines and they are INS Kalwari, INS Kandheri, INS Karnaj, INS Vela, INS Vagir and the last one, INS Vakshir. So, option B is also correct. Now, coming to the option C, the first Scorpion class conventional submarine is named Vagir. See, this statement is incorrect because the first submarine under Project 75 is INS Kalwari and not INS Vagir. So, this option only incorrect. Now, we also need to check whether the fourth option is right or wrong. Project 75 has technology transfer from the naval group of France. This we saw in discussion itself. Under Project 75, the submarines are made with the help of technology transfer from France. So, the correct answer for the question is option C, the first Scorpion class conventional submarine is named Vagir. Here, INS Kalwari is the first submarine. So, option C is incorrect. And displayed here is the quiz question for you today. I will post this quiz question in the community section, try to answer it. And displayed here are the main questions for your practice. Go through the questions, write your answers and post it in the comments section. With this, we came to the end of the video. If you liked our analysis, please like, comment and share. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankara ISA Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


Oh my God, I don't miss. Yo, what's good guys? Welcome back to Dunk Tip Tuesday. We got a new special episode this week. We're in the gym. What is good? Welcome back to Dunk Tip Tuesday, new Dunk Tip every freaking Tuesday. This is becoming my favorite part of my YouTube channel.  What is good guys? Thank you for all the comments. Went through the community tab. You voted on the poll. Two foot technique. Today's a special episode. I was in the gym showing you the techniques. So I hope you guys enjoy every single week. The new Dunk Tip. Leave your comments, what you want to see. Hit me on Instagram. But the best way is on this video to leave a comment. And I will get to it. It's really fun for me to engage with you guys and help you guys with the Dunk Tip you want to see. And let's get it, baby. And by the way, comment of the week goes to Gerald Fombo.  Sorry.   Yo, I love that.  So these are the tips I wish I knew and tips I want you guys to learn from and make progress every single week. So thank you for all your comments and I'm excited to bring you them every single week. Let's go. Let's talk about two foot technique. Get those bounce up again. Let's freaking hop, baby, bud. What's popping? Dunk Tip Tuesday special edition. We're in the gym. Let's get it. Two foot technique. How you bounce off them two feet though? Okay, so I'm gonna get into it pretty quickly and then probably break it down for you so you guys can really make the most out of your two foot technique. It's what I picked up and I wanna give you some quick mistakes that I've made so you don't carve them. So let's get started with the mistakes. I want you to avoid these. First one is I threw lobs from this angle to go dunk always. And so then I had one carved pattern. Not everybody is as crazy in their mind as I am, but that's me. I don't have the natural talent to just translate that. So then when I tried to jump right left from this angle like this, my pattern was off and I would always jump super weird and it's just not what I wanna do. Tip number two, the point is I wasn't versatile.  It's gonna be good for your brain. It's gonna be good for your body. We're trying to dunk on people in games so we wanna be able to do it from any direction. Mistake number two was only throwing lobs. I want you guys to try dribble dunks from all angles and don't just get comfortable with the lobs because I got so good at the lobs that my dribble dunks, I was like, I could barely function with the ball on my hand. So practice dribble dunks, practice your lobs.  More bodies you can catch, you can do more dunks. You're gonna be happy. You took the time to work on all those different factors. All right, so let's get into the technique and then I'm gonna give you some exercises and some tips to work on to really strengthen it, get it carved deep, get your technique on point and keep it working for you instead of against you.  So big key is always looking at the rim. That's why I like the lobs. That's why I like the backboard dunk because the ball is in the air. So if you wanna help yourself jump higher, you could even throw it off the backboard even if you can't dunk and just go for it. So for the approach, pretty basic way to start is just a three point line. I come from a little bit of an angle. I'm right left, come like this, try not to stutter step, boom, boom, push off. And one thing I noticed a lot too is a lot of times people are hopping into their plant so they're jumping like this, right? You don't want your feet to be exactly simultaneous but the closer to the simultaneous the better.  So as a shorter dunker I use a lot of my speed and I push off that leg a lot to get into that penultimate.   That's where people vary. It's not gonna be the exact same but the majority of people are gonna have a little bit of twist.  So some people kinda take off and they're almost really straight but that's really hard to stop your momentum and some people twist a lot. So if they come from this angle they're gonna twist a lot, you know? But it's very natural to twist a little bit and if you're coming left right, totally okay. If you're right handed, Jordan Kilganon, Isaiah Rivera, they're both left right right handers and they come like this and they still twist a little bit and they go up with their right hand. Doesn't matter, it's whatever you're comfortable with but another big tip, a big mistake I see a lot is people trying to switch or just trying to do certain dunks. My biggest advice is to do both. Do right left, left right and do both hands. The more versatile the better. It can only help you. It's gonna keep your legs balanced. It's gonna keep your dunks and your repertoire open and it's also gonna let you catch more bodies which is the goal. So one of the best ways to practice two foot jumping is one step at a time. So we all know how to stand still jump. You just stand here and jump but even that I get wrong sometimes because I'm all the way in my toes like I'm jumping like this. You wanna lower and into your heels and try to use that booty, right? But one of the greatest ways to work on your technique is just one step away. So all you're doing is penultimate step which is that long step and taking off, right? So you're just like this. Boom and taking off as hard as you can looking up the whole time and if you're trying to switch plants my advice would be the same. Would be use that plant and just do one step at a time. So as you're doing one step at a time this is feeling good and I want you to learn what it feels like sometimes you're gonna be leaning sometimes you're gonna be jumping under the rim if you're feeling explosive and you're going balanced then you could start to add more steps. So at first we did one step, boom right left, right? So now we do one more step so we do left and then the penultimate, right? So you feel like boom. So now you're adding one more step. So you have one step, then the penultimate, then the take off. So we started with just the take off with stand still try to get that bouncy then you could even do less where you're just like this and you're in the penultimate already and you just take off, boom. And so that feels symmetric and balanced and by symmetric and balanced I mean your feet are straight and one quick tip, another quick this is full of quick tips is that people ask me why do my legs kick up? How do you kick up your legs? Does it help you jump higher? I don't think it helps you jump higher but I do think it's a great sign that you got a good balance of force between your legs because when I jump up if I pushed off both legs they pushed off the ground that when they come off that energy's coming out my body my legs just come up. So I actually notice that when I jump sometimes when I go left right especially it's my awkward plant I'm not that great at it I'll notice that I jump left right and this leg will come up and this one doesn't so that's a good sign for me that I didn't really get a good balance you really want a good balance using both of your legs. You're gonna have a dominant leg for right, left this leg is stopping all your momentum hence why it's bigger than the left but even though it's stopping the momentum when you take off you want to take off balance you want to take off strong in the penultimate, take off and just do reps of this till it feels comfortable notice your technique make sure you're planting correctly you're planting fast then you do just the penultimate, boom then you could work on how far you could do the penultimate so you're just doing the penultimate so one step, boom, push as far as you can go then you're doing two steps so one step than the penultimate, boom you're taking off right and I'd be jumping but I just don't want to be crazy at a breath and then you work up to just three steps total and that's your full approach you don't really need more than three steps you see some of the best dunkers in the world taking three big strides and flying everybody's different there's speed jumpers, there's power jumpers learn what you need but most importantly is those last steps the penultimate into your take off correct positioning and don't jump into it smooth and explosive and work one step at a time carving those patterns and you're gonna take off all right guys, thanks for watching great episode today obviously because I mean I'm biased but anyway have a great week have a great day, keep dunking I had an insane dunk session with Golden Bear coming soon so stay tuned for the dopest pictures we've ever seen and a dope what do you want to call it? vlog it's so much more than a vlog cinematic b-roll it's like a commercial dude it's like an experience hope you guys enjoy turtles


a wneud unawr dedicio yw'r peth-gredaeth. Fi'r gynnaeth, adrw суд i'r busnes yw'r porfysgwn ni'n gallu'r y adrw ddoch i'r sefyllwch ac rwy'n cwrwch i'r cwrwch i'r Cymru, gyda Dunedig Peirfridg, o'r byw rzurdu i adrw ddoch, Dyma, oedd ein lefmit Belangodau ein gieitid hanfosiad bятноid Cymru. Felly, iddynt yn gwneud i den privately beth teachant iawn. Mae'r 같r UCено sy'n gennychiant plwyfyn am ei ddweud o gael i Gwendettwch Following a Gwendettwchunhic ystodини pan ddechrau i ddweud anchorau aig yng Nonnolawr Understanding F Produkt Cadwyr Felly trod Cadwyr Cymru rhoi ar ffrffau allanfaith yr matingelad Masd. I have just returned to Parliament from Dundee, where I was joined by my colleague Shona Robison at the local MSP. I have had a range of meetings with representatives of the workforce, trade unions and Dundee city council. Those discussions had to be cut short so that I could return to update Parliament today rather than tomorrow as proposed, but I will continue to engage with all those I mentioned and the UK Government as we explore all options for the site. Michelin's announcement that it intends to close its plant at Dundee is devastating, not just for those who work at the Michelin plant but their families in the whole of the city of Dundee in the wider area. The message from the Scottish Government is clear. Dundee is a hugely vibrant city and a great place for business to invest, to grow and to develop, and the Scottish Government will do all that we can to secure a future for the plant and the workforce. Let me be clear, we will leave no stone unturned in our efforts to keep this plant operational in Dundee. Our top priority is to pursue options for the site to continue with commercial production. Our thoughts are first and foremost with the 845 workers and their families who could be directly affected if those plans go ahead as they go through this period of huge uncertainty. We will work with the unions and the local management to provide the best possible support to the workforce at this difficult time. I would like to set out to Parliament what action this Government has and will take. The Scottish Government was informed at the end of last week that Michelin proposed to close the Dundee plant. I met John Reid, managing director of the Dundee plant and Alexander Law, corporate affairs, from Michelin Dundee last Thursday, 1 November. At that meeting, I saw engagement with senior Michelin management to test the status of the decision and to explore how open they would be to alternative proposals. On Sunday 4 November, I, along with the chief executive and strategy and sectors managing director of Scottish Enterprise, met members of Michelin's group executive and they have agreed to consider a proposition that we will bring forward to secure a sustainable future for the plant. I can confirm that I will be convening an action group to explore all options to develop that proposition and secure a future for the plant and its highly skilled workforce. I will chair an initial meeting of the group in Dundee next Monday, with the action plan being taken forward by Steve Dunlop, the chief executive of Scottish Enterprise, with council leader John Alexander. Having spoken to the council, the trade unions, local politicians and the UK Government, I am confident that there is a shared desire to work together to secure the best possible future for the site and its workforce. We are aware that this task is not an easy one and that there are significant challenges to be faced, but we are, as a Government, determined to do everything within our power to prevent this closure. Michelin Tires in Dundee was established well over 40 years ago in 1972 and has become a key part of the local community. The Dundee plant is a cutting-edge facility using the latest manufacturing techniques with a highly innovative and talented leadership team, as well as a highly skilled workforce. It has been working hard to deliver significant efficiencies and environmental improvements to extend the range of markets that it serves. I know that it is not a decision that Michelin has arrived at lightly. Although the market is clearly difficult for the products that Dundee makes, I know that the workforce and unions have gone to immense lengths to make the plant as competitive as possible to secure its future. The influence of Dundee's excellence in engineering and manufacturing extends well beyond those shores and is the complementarity and spirit of collaboration between the private and the public sectors that make it unique. Based on Michelin's existing strengths, as well as that of the broader manufacturing and engineering sectors, we will work in collaboration with all partners to retain the manufacturing facility in Dundee. Dundee has undergone a major transformation in recent years and is a great place to do business. The Scottish Government will work with everyone across Dundee and our efforts to ensure that it continues to be a vibrant future for manufacturing in Dundee. We have been working with TAY partners to complete the arrangements for the £300 million TAY cities deal and an additional £50 million investment package. The Scottish Government stands ready to move forward with the TAY city region deal as soon as possible and therefore calls upon the UK Government to bring forward additional measures and investment in light of Michelin's announcement. I thank the cabinet secretary for his response and for all the work that he has done on this over the past week. I am sure that it is appreciated by workers and their families in Dundee. On those benches, we are devastated for the workers and their families throughout the city who face grave uncertainty tonight about the future of their jobs and their livelihoods. As the cabinet secretary said, Michelin has been in Dundee for 46 years and its success is due entirely to the dedication of the loyal workforce and the constructive relationship that the trade union unite has fostered with management. That is why there was understandable upset at the mismanagement of the closure news, which I am sure everyone regrets. I pledge my support locally and of our party for the action team that the cabinet secretary plans to set up. Does the cabinet secretary agree with me that the total of £350 million pledged for the TAY cities deal will now not touch the sides, especially as investments will go to other parts of the region? Does he think that more money can be found for Dundee? Does he agree with me that this has been long promised? We have not moved fast enough on decommissioning jobs for Dundee. We cannot allow any further delay for future investment. The TAY cities deal was due to be signed tomorrow. Will he commit to signing it before the end of the month? I thank Jenny Marra for both the tone of the questions and the offer of support from the Labour Party. I will take that in the spirit that has been offered. If we have a cross-party approach on that, it will be very welcomed in Dundee. As I say, I was shoulder to shoulder with the trade unions in doing everything that we can to support the workforce at this very challenging time and finding a solution to take forward the future of the plan. In relation to the specific questions, we are offering immediate support to management to support the workforce at this point in time. I agree entirely with the good relations that the trade union has with management. That has been held up as an exemplar relationship on what the trade unions have done with the company. That goodwill in turn is part of the reason why Michelin is willing to listen to me and to the Scottish Government putting forward a proposition. Also, how we, as a Government, have conducted ourselves over the past few days has been positive. We will use that goodwill to try to get the best for the plant in Dundee. In relation to the communication, I agree that it was an appalling way for the staff and the workforce to find out about that announcement. It could have been better handled, but I simply say that, if there was a leak, it was not from the Scottish Government, and I do not believe that it was from Michelin either, which leaves one other substantial party to explain their behaviour. In relation to the city deal, it is important that we proceed with the city deal, because we do not want to see the other economic and industrial benefits slip away from us if others try to use that as an excuse not to sign up. I think that we should proceed with the city deal, but we must give all partners the opportunity to add additional resources in light of the announcement that Michelin has made. That is why I call upon the UK Government to step up to the plate and allocate additional resources to the city deal and look at the industrial strategy and look at sector deals in light of other negotiations currently on-going to make sure that we can deliver for the region. I have reached out to the UK Government. I had a call with Greg Clark, the business minister yesterday, and they have pledged to work with us. I will take that forward in the spirit of positive engagement. Next Monday, when we have the action group, we will clearly have a number of strands of work to take forward. In relation to other industrial interventions, we will have opportunities to work in other areas such as decommissioning. The chancellor has had a call for evidence on the decommissioning prospects. We will work on all that, but our primary objective right now is to protect the workforce and save the plant at Dundee. I agree with the cabinet secretary's initial response that the plan is to support the workforce and the plant. I also welcome his latter comments on options for the future, because we know from past experience that the ambition that we have at the start sets the path for recovery and what comes out of the process. Whatever the outcome for the plant and the workers, the cabinet secretary would not deny that today, especially, we need a laser-like focus on industry in Dundee. The cabinet secretary knows, as well as I do, that the unemployment figures for the city do not reflect the real joblessness there. Will he support an independently-chaired task force on industry for Dundee? I think that laser-like focus is absolutely necessary, given the news and the challenges, the delay on decommissioning and the unemployment figures in our city, which, in UK terms, are terrible and really need addressing. Will he back an independent task force on industry in Dundee today? I have been really helpful with Jenny Marra. The trade unions have asked me not to set up a separate task force. The unions have welcomed the decision around the action group and the language around that is really significant. There is a distinction here. The trade unions so far—and I hope to continue in that sense of partnership that we have established today—are content to be involved with the action group that I am establishing. I do not want an independent piece of work elsewhere. I think that there are opportunities to look at the wider industrial strategy for Dundee, but laser-like focus is on the art of the possible for the 850 jobs at Dundee now. We will be absolutely focused on that and align our enterprise agencies and all parts of Government to support that proposition. Incidentally, for the avoidance of doubt, we will consider all calls for additional resources as a Government ourselves in the support of Dundee and the strategy at Michelin. I ask that the UK Government match that step up to the plate on the additional resources that it may be required to assist with Dundee at this point in time, recognising that it is wider than just Dundee. Dundee is at the epicentre of this. It is an issue for the whole of Scotland and the region. We will calibrate all our efforts around industrial strategy, innovation, engineering, national manufacturing institutes, and so on and so forth to give Dundee a fighting chance to save the plant. It is really important that we showcase the positives of Dundee, because that is what will keep Michelin interested in a future at the plant. I can assure Jenny Marr that I will do everything that I can, and the Government is absolutely united on that—everything that we can to focus on a solution that gives them a fighting chance while exploring, of course, all the wider industrial employment issues in relation to the city in the wider region. There are five members who have indicated the wish to ask a question. First will be Shona Robison to be followed by Bill Bowman. Clearly, that has been devastating news for the workforce and the city in general, but does the cabinet secretary share my admiration for the workforce at Michelin? His tenacity, flexibility and determination, despite the challenge, was clearly demonstrated at the meetings that we held with him earlier today. Does he further agree that what matters now is a focus and action on Michelin? Can he tell me when he expects to next meet the Michelin senior management team? What does he hope and expect to have received at that point from the action group, the very welcome action group that he has announced today, very much welcomed by the workforce, to be able to put to Michelin at that meeting? Finally, will he confirm again how important it is for all parties, including the UK Government, to come forward with packages of support for Michelin, whether that is through the Tay cities deal or the industrial strategy on any other route? What matters is specific packages of support for Michelin, for the plant, for the workforce. I hope that he was left, as I am sure he was, with a clear impression from the workforce that he has been through ups and downs in the city over many years. Despite the current challenge, his determination and effort is really an example to all of us to get behind them, but it is also important to follow their lead in what they are asking us to do. Shona Robison is absolutely right that, even though the workforce and the shop steels are absolutely devastated at this news, they have a resolve to take forward a proposition to management that will allow the plant to continue. We will assist in every way that we can around our efforts on the economic interventions that we may be able to make or partnership with the local authority around non-domestic rates or partnership even with the UK Government around the industrial strategy in the city deal. We can unite, now is the time to unite to work in partnership with everyone interested to give the plant a dundee a future. For us, that is retention, first and foremost, repurposing if that can be achieved, in partnership with the staff, who are absolutely up for the task before us. For that reason, the constructive positive nature of the debate and discourse that I have seen over the course of the day is so helpful. Again, in the spirit of partnership, Greg Clark, the UK business minister, has offered his officials to be supportive here and his junior ministers. I hope that that allows for a constructive dialogue around the actions and interventions that lead to meaningful input by way of UK Government. However, we are all up for that and we need to work together in partnership to put the best possible proposition to management. The timescale for that at the moment is that they will meet me in the next few weeks. Of course, I will have to respect the confidence of that meeting, but it is significant that they are willing to hear from us, hear our proposition. What we need to do now is to unite to give the best possible proposition to Michelin in the way that Shona Robison has articulated and then take forward the best we can to retain the jobs as many as we can at the dundee. There are six more members who wish to get in now. Bill Bowman, to be followed by Patrick Harvie. I echo the comments of Jenny Marra, Shona Robison and the cabinet secretary in terms of our concerns and thoughts for the workforce, their families and their communities. We will work with whoever is involved in that to try to find a solution. Any Scottish Government agencies that will be involved, this is obviously a large potential redundancy number. Do you have the resources to do this and will you make sure that they do have the resources to do that? When you spoke to the Michelin management, was it the group management that made this decision to close the factory and the ones that would have the authority to amend such a decision? What did you say to them? I thank Bill Bowman for his question. He has asked me to press upon all those who are involved to come forward and help. I would gently remind the Conservatives that the UK Government is involved here and that any pressure that Conservative members can apply to the UK Government will be welcome. Does the Scottish Enterprise, the SDS and the PACE arrangements have the necessary resources to help? Yes, they do, but let me be clear that, before we even come to mitigation, we have a greater objective and that is retention. That is to save the plant. I have instructed the chief executive of the Scottish Enterprise to do everything possible to explore every avenue to give that plant a future. We look at the various strategies that we have across the economic action plan, industrialisation and internationalisation to pull all of that together with the business directorate and everyone else, the local authority, the local business community and the UK Government. We will all pull together with the workforce to make sure that the resources are there to put the best possible case to Michelin. Recognising the rationale for that decision is Asian imports into the market, the cost of production and some of those issues. It will take a monumental effort to get the outcome that we want but to make that effort that we will. On the group executives, I am senior decision makers. The decision was taken well in advance of course of last Wednesday when the Scottish Government first heard about it. Bear in mind, as soon as we heard, we asked to meet the local management and then I asked to meet the company executives. I fully expect that people will meet in a few weeks' time the decision makers who will have the authority to look again at the circumstances to see if we can work together to pull something from that situation. Finally, the most pressing point right now is that we will have a window of opportunity in which to act. I have resolved and committed to the Scottish Government to do everything that we can and I equally need that support from the UK Government so that we can put the best possible offer to Michelin international. The intelligence that has been passed to me in those circumstances never before has the company had such a positive and constructive engagement with the Scottish Government in light of those circumstances. I think that that gives us a bit of goodwill, a bit of flexibility to try to get the best possible outcome for the workforce at Dundee, and I will not squander that opportunity. The Parliament should be united in its concern for the workers who are directly affected in their families and in support of the action group that the Scottish Government has established. However, we should also be mindful that a proactive approach—when we see particular sectors or large employers that are facing changing circumstances that threaten their viability—should always be preferable that a reactive setting up of task forces and action groups as we hear very often. If additional funds are found for the Tay cities deal by one or both Governments preferably, what are the extra measures that can be put in there that ensure that the outcome will be the most sustainable possible economic activity so that we avoid what we would all, I hope, want to avoid the risk of being back here again by moaning something that was here today and risks being gone tomorrow? I am sure that Patrick Harvie is aware that we had been investing in the plant. There was Scottish Enterprise engagement, and there has been leadership, environmental support and transformation of the plant, so much so that it was going to be the first Michelin site heading for carbon neutrality. I am sure that we are all welcome. That is why I think that there is some hope in the environmental credentials of the Dundee site. We had been engaging on innovation and on interventions that would have given the plant a future. We thought that the plant had a future because the most recent briefings that we had suggested that it had with the necessary transformation already in place. We will continue to work where we can on innovation to ensure that it is the best possible chance of success around the kind of technologies and design and research and development for the future, and the manufacturing benefits would come along from that as well. Of course, we are looking at the Tay cities deal, but I think that it is really important that we allow that to progress as well, because there are other economic interventions contingent on it. However, we give the UK Government the opportunity to come to the table and match fund at the very least, the contribution that we have put on the table for that city deal. I have already spoken about the environmental credentials of the plant, heading for carbon neutrality. There is scope to have further environmental enhancements. It is a site that we have been working with and we will continue to be proactive as we take forward our ambitions to try to save the plant. Can I give support from the Liberal Democrats to the cabinet secretary's efforts over the last few days to find a solution to this? I am sure that everybody involved will appreciate that. Can I ask whether there has been any expressions of interest from any part of the private sector in the Michelin plant and what can be done by Skills Development Scotland to assist any retraining for the workforce that would be required to meet the challenges of the industry, so that the challenges of the industry can be more effectively met? First of all, I give a sense of appreciation again for the offer of support from the Liberal Democrats. I think that that is important. However, some of those specific issues are, of course, arrangements in place for mitigation, pace and support for the staff. Actually, the company is committed to a retraining programme, but before we even get to any of that, we must be laser focused, as has already been discussed, on trying to save the plant, save the jobs and see what can be done around that proposition, so that we are not having to look at other issues. I get the reason to move into that territory. That will be done, but the mission for today, this week and the short term, is to try and save the plant. That is not about skills shorted, that is about the Asian imports, that is about the supply, that is about the product at Dundee. Therefore, we need solutions that are appropriate to the challenges that we face. Of course, we will be standing ready to support the staff in the next phase if that is required, but we are united. Everyone in Dundee is united right now on the ambition, the mission to save the plant or as much of it as we possibly can. Of course, we will return to those matters as and when required. Liam Kerr is followed by Richard Leonard. Will the Scottish Government commit to publishing all information about any funding that Michelin has received from the Scottish Enterprise and or any other Scottish Government bodies? I will publish anything that is appropriate to do so, and I should say that if that is then going into the territory of clawback of Government grants, that is a fair question to ask. There are clawback conditions around Scottish Enterprise grants that will be fulfilled if that is required, but the objective here is not to scrape back a few million pounds from Government grants, but to save 850 jobs. That is our priority, that is our mission. Of course, I will make sure that we have the due diligence and compliance around any Government grants, but right now the mission surely has to be to save the plant, save the jobs, give Michelin a future in Dundee, and it is on that that I am 100 per cent focused. Richard Leonard is followed by Dean Lockhart. Can I refer members to my register of interests? I welcome the cabinet secretary's actions to save this factory and those workers' jobs, and it is important that we all work together constructively. Can the cabinet secretary tell us, has he or will he examine ways in which Scottish Government public procurement can be utilised to generate work to sustain those present and future high-quality jobs in Dundee, as part of a wider Scottish industrial strategy? In essence, yes, I am actively looking at our whole procurement approach. I was doing that in any event before I even knew of this announcement, so yes is the essence in answer to the question. I am not sure that in isolation is the answer, of course, to the wider challenges that the plant faces. Everything that I have said today and everything else will do, will go on with, and I have received a very helpful letter from Richard Leonard in relation to some of the other suggestions. I agree with much of it, so I am looking at procurement in any event. I do not think that it is the panacea to this issue, but we are looking at it in any event. Can I associate myself with the concerns raised by other members, further workers at the Michelin plant and their families? I would also acknowledge the work of the cabinet secretary in that area. What assurances will he be seeking from the management of Michelin to use its best endeavours to save the plant in Dundee and as many jobs as possible? I would like to say something about the local plant manager, John Reid. From the strength of support that I witness today from his fellow workforce and from the trade union shop stewards and the respect that he is regarded by management in Michelin, he is something of a local legend who has saved the plant in the past. I am going to work really closely with him and all other parties to try to ensure that we can save the plant, so of course we are working as hard as we possibly can. That will be a partnership between the workforce, the management, the council, the enterprise agency and hopefully the UK Government to get the outcome that we all wish to see. That concludes our urgent question, and I thank the cabinet secretary and the members for their contributions. The next item of business is consideration of a legislative consent motion. I ask Mary Gougeon to move motion 14625 on the ivory bill. Before we come to decision time, members may recall that the commission on parliamentary reform proposed that time be put aside in preliminary sessions to allow committees to make significant urgent announcements. We are trialling the new procedure up to Christmas and in that context, I am pleased to call Johann Lamont, convener of the Public Petitions Committee, to make an announcement on an inquiry into mental health support for young people in Scotland. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. On behalf of the Public Petitions Committee, I would like to draw the Parliament's attention to an inquiry that the committee will launch tomorrow into how young people access mental health support in Scotland. The inquiry stems from a petition raised by Annette MacKenzie, whose daughter, Brittany, tragically died after being prescribed medication when she sought help for her anxiety. During the committee's consideration of the petition, a recurring theme that has emerged is that significant improvements are required to signpost young people to the appropriate sources of support, as well as the importance of intervening early to prevent mental health issues occurring or escalating. As members will be all too aware, we have repeatedly heard concerns raised in this chamber about how young people can get help for their mental health. While it is encouraging that the Scottish Government and COSLA have established a task force to examine the whole approach to children's mental health services, it is hoped that the inquiry will help to inform the future policy direction of youth mental health services in Scotland. The inquiry will focus on the ways in which young people can get the help and support that they need, particularly for the first time if they are feeling low or anxious. The committee is keen to hear from a wide range of voices on the topic, but particularly from people under the age of 18, either with direct experience of seeking help for their mental health or for young people who want to share their views with us on the topic. The committee is also keen to gather the views of parents and carers, non-specialist mental health workers and any other relevant professional organisations. I encourage members to draw the inquiry to as many people and stakeholder groups as possible to help to inform the committee's inquiry work into the important issue for our young people in Scotland. I know that the committee clerks and committee members will be happy to provide more information on how members might be involved should they wish to do so. We will turn now to decision time. There are six questions. I would remind members on the first question that if the amendment in the name of Michelle Ballantyne is agreed, then all other amendments will fall. The first question is that amendment 1462, 1.1, in the name of Michelle Ballantyne, which seeks to amend motion 14621, in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, on the impact of UK Government welfare cuts and universal credit on poverty, be agreed? Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to the division. Members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote in amendment 1462, 1.1, in the name of Michelle Ballantyne, is yes, 27, no, 85, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is that amendment 1462, 1.2, in the name of Mark Griffin, which seeks to amend motion in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, be agreed? Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to our vote. Members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 1462, 1.2, in the name of Mark Griffin is yes, 85, no, 27, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 1462, 1.3, in the name of Alison Johnstone, which seeks to amend motion in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, be agreed? Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to division again and members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 1462, 1.3, in the name of Alison Johnstone is yes, 84, no, 28, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 1462, 1.4, in the name of Alex Cole-Hamilton, which seeks to amend motion in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, be agreed? Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to division again and members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 1462, 1.4, in the name of Alex Cole-Hamilton is yes, 84, no, 27, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that motion 1462, 1, in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, as amended, on the impact of UK Government welfare cuts and universal credit on poverty, be agreed? Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to division again and members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on motion 1462, 1, in the name of Shirley-Anne Somerville, as amended, is yes, 85, no, 27, there were no abstentions, the motion as amended is therefore agreed. The final question is that motion 1462, 5, in the name of Mary Gougeon, on the ivory bill, be agreed? Are we all agreed? Yes. We are agreed. That concludes decision time. We will move shortly to members business in the name of Emma Harper on the Maybowl bypass. We will just take a few moments for members and the minister to change seats.