The Department of Environment and Heritage Protection is changing the way it manages and regulates the risks to Queensland's environment and heritage places. Our new regulatory strategy sets out these changes, which will speed up the time it takes for clients to get an approval, increase the number of inspections of high-risk activities and make sure we are taking strong enforcement action where needed. This short presentation will tell you about those changes and how they will affect you as a client. For a start, there is a new focus on the environmental outcomes a client must achieve. For example, if a client is required to ensure that no pollutants are released into the air, or that wastewater released to a river must meet certain quality standards, we will no longer assess whether a client can meet those outcomes or how they propose to achieve them. This will now be the responsibility of the client and not the role of the Department. We will provide guidance and examples on acceptable ways of managing environmental risks, but the decision on how those risks will be managed will sit with the client. So when we grant a licence, the Department will impose conditions that set outcomes that the client must achieve. We will no longer impose conditions that tell the client how to achieve those outcomes. For example, the Department may impose a condition that contaminated storm water must not leave a site, but it will not impose conditions that set out the design of the storm water system needed to achieve this. That's up to the client to work out. If the client cannot meet the outcomes set by the Department, it may face enforcement action. Another major change will be more frequent site inspections to ensure clients are compliant with their licence conditions. If they are, and can demonstrate that they are consistently meeting the Department's requirements, we will inspect them less often. If they are not, we will carry out more frequent inspections until they lift their performance to a better level. Clients who fail to comply with their licence will face strong but fair action to ensure the problem is fixed quickly. We have already started making these changes to how we work to better regulate business and industry. Over the next 12 months, you will notice faster turnaround times for licences, fewer conditions, more site inspections and tougher enforcement action. For more information on these changes, please read the Department's Regulatory Strategy, now available on our website.


One of the most glorious aspects about being a fan of pro wrestling is our appreciation for its nostalgia We love the callbacks and the continuity when a superstar returns or gives us a little wink wink nod nod to a previous gimmick That's the sort of stuff that just makes me feel all warm and fuzzy inside my tum tum because I'm Kevin Callis from Wrestling behind the themes and won't you please hit that subscribe button because here are 10 wrestlers who brought back their old entrance theme for one night only Very few tag team breakups are as memorable as when Shawn Michaels betrayed Marty Genetti and threw him through the barbershop window Thus ending their tag team known as the Rockers Once considered a ripoff of Ricky and Robert the Rock and Roll Express, the Rockers emerged as a must-see tag team As Shawn and Marty exhibited a quick, fast-paced, athletic style that rocked However, this heel turn took the heartbreak kid to the tippy top of the wrestling world But on the other hand Marty the party struggled to stay employed and relevant in the wrestling spotlight Now it took 13 years after the superkick heard round the world until the two finally reunited on an episode of Raw in 2005 When the Rockers again wrought out to this more generic version of the Ultimate Warriors frenetic instrumental anthem Now with a name like the Sandman, there's really only one piece of heavy metal mashing music for you to use And that my friends is Enter Sandman by Metallica Of course, back when ECW was becoming popular, it was still very much the Wild Wild West As far as things like copyrights and music licensing went So songs were used all the time with the artist never ever seeing a dime Fast forward to 2001 and Metallica's memorable feud with Napster and rules and regulations were finally put in place And the Sandman was left with having to use various other theme songs I know, I know, sad but true However, when he returned to ECW for WWE's One Night Stand in 2005 It was one of the only times he ever used this song again since the mega hit was now a nightmare to license The world's strongest man Mark Henry has had many different incarnations over the years From smiley Olympian Mark Henry to Nation of Domination Mark Henry WWECW Mark Henry and Sam and Jacket Mark Henry But the gimmick that he is most famously linked to is sexual chocolate The sexual chocolate character would run its course prematurely, that is Thanks to a couple of cringe worthy moments that pushed the envelope even for the attitude era However, this soulful entrance theme inspired by Barry White, a.k.a. The Walrus of Love How about that for a nickname? Was so bad that it was almost good And so it was for One Night Only back in 2010 when the WWE went old school on an episode of Monday Night Raw And Henry brought back this crowd favorite song and persona Kevin Nash who suffered from multiple mediocre WCW gimmicks Before bursting onto the scene as Shawn Michaels insurance policy and bodyguard Made a surprise Royal Rumble appearance back in 2011 Fresh off a six-year run in TNA, Nash reprised his role as Big Daddy Cool Diesel Big Kev got everyone's engines revving that night thanks to this bluesy harmonica-driven theme music That once helped fuel Diesel's assent to the WWF Heavyweight Championship One of the greatest ribs in wrestling history occurred on the November 10, 2011 edition of WWE Superstars Just prior to a match between Sir William Regal and Daniel Bryan that was taped in the birthplace of the Beatles, Liverpool, England However, someone backstage decided to play an absolutely hilarious prank on the Blackpool brawler Now just for some context here, many many moons ago when he was known as Stephen Regal during the WWF Attitude Era This right here was his abomination of a theme song called Real Man's Man So for this one night only and in front of his fellow English countryman while walking down the aisle to his regular theme song It was switched over to his old theme as the speakers blasted He's a man, such a man You could see Regal unable to control himself and burst out into laughter This was one of the cases of a harmless rib and to be honest it was absolutely hysterical Kofi Kingston's rise in the WWE took decades And while Kofi Mania ran wild for a while in 2019, who can forget about where Kofi was a decade earlier Debuting for WWE CW, Kofi was a stereotypical Jamaican wrestler, fake accent and all But not much is spoken about Kofi's Jamaican Me Crazy days However, during a 2016 segment on Monday Night Raw with the new day and a time machine They took Kofi back to the days when he used this jammin' entrance theme by reggae artist Collie Buds called SOS This song really shows off the dreadlocked dynamo's original fun loving gimmick But the crowd in attendance that night seemed mostly confused and probably thought the new day were just smoking a bunch of hippie lettuce or something Booker T is one of the greatest wrestlers of all time His success in WCW carried over into the WWE However, when Book won the 2006 King of the Ring tournament, a strange personality turn occurred when he adopted the King Booker Moniker Like many wrestlers have tried to do through the years, the King gimmick was mostly negatively received But Booker has gone on the record to say that this gimmick was the best run of his career Nonetheless, he did bring back the King Booker character for one night only, royal entrance music and all When he arrived on a 2018 episode of SmackDown Live to honor the aforementioned new day Who had just become five time, five time, five time world tag team champions Seth Freaking Rollins is one of the biggest stars in the WWE Thanks in part to being a member of one of the greatest trio factions this century And of course we're talking about The Shield alongside his brothers Roman Reigns and Dean Ambrose These hounds of justice were launched into the stratosphere and are now all the top faces of their prospective wrestling companies Now when The Shield officially split up in 2019 when Ambrose left to become John Moxley Fans probably thought that they would never again hear the words Sierra, Hotel, Illya, Echo, Lima, Delta But leave it to the architect who brought back the classic crowd entrance and tactical gear For his big WWE Universal Championship match against Roman Reigns at the 2022 Royal Rumble Pay Per View If you put together a Mount Rushmore of this century's wrestling superstars Despite his seven-year hiatus CM Punk has to be carved into that granite Now the reasons for that include his successful WWE run and his internet-breaking return joining AEW But before all that, Punk paid his dues and cut his teeth in Ring of Honor And this theme song right here, Miseria Cantara by AFI Truly reflects the golden era of the indie scene But at AEW's Revolution Pay Per View in 2022, the Second City Saint surprised fans by not walking out to live in color's cult of personality Rather, Punk called back to his ROH days opting to use Miseria Cantara before his dog-collar match with MJF Leaving some fans confused by the entrance since his days in Ring of Honor are less remembered than his time in the WWE But still, this was an epic moment and a great example of long-term storytelling


Welcome traders to another TechMill chart here with me, Patrick Munnally. We want to draw your attention to the NASDAQ. We're going to look at a couple of time frames starting on the daily. We are trading into the top side of this trend tunnel we've been in since the September lows of 2020. Looking for a five-wave sequence to complete here into that ascending trendline resistance 15,300. We jump on to the intraday time frame, the four-hour. We can see even clearer here, the setup. We're looking for a fifth wave extension now from the wavefall low of last week to ideally target the 127 extension of the wavefall consolidation 15,150 up to 15,340 and that trendline resistance. Watching for various reversal patterns there, set short positions initially targeting a retest of 15,000 back then to 14,900 the monthly pivot and weekly road sport 14,700. As always, traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks for watching.


who give us an opportunity to try really hard to think outside of our own bodies, to think like a fly, to think about insects, experiences of pleasure and pain. Thanks both to Jonathan and Shannon for really wonderful talks. I turn it over to Margaret, who will launch our discussion. Thanks, Margaret. Yes, yes, let's do that. Thank you again. So I was wondering first if Shannon and Jonathan either had questions for each other or a response to having heard each other's talks? Well, I don't think there was any disagreement between us. And in fact, it sounds as though Shannon, I think really unusually, is an example of an insect researcher who cares very deeply about the welfare of experimental subjects that she's working with. I say unusually because I just don't think that's the norm internationally. In fact, I think what you were describing there where you tether the fly in the virtual reality arena but you release it at the end and you check that it's okay, that extra step would actually be very unusual. And so that's great. In a way, it seems like you're modelling the sort of good practice that this insect welfare research society exists to try and promote. And I think that I did like the measured approach that he took where we say, okay, well, we don't have full evidence of what is happening inside of the insect mind, but let's be as respectful as possible. I think this raises a very deep conversation that I think we could have for probably the rest of the conference on how do we then do that in the midst of our own human needs as well, right? We do need, I mean, I work in a country where, you know, vector-borne disease is very, very deadly, in fact. And the city I'm in right now in Bangalore, Dengue, is rampant. And so we can't just say, you know, let's not use any insecticide at all. Let's let people get sick because we don't have the other medicinal ways of combating Dengue, right? So I think this is an important conversation to have. I think it's a difficult conversation to have, but I think it's one to have. How do we balance these, ultimately, these different needs that we insects and other animals and even we can go as far as plants as well have on this planet to exist together with each other? Yeah. I think it's going to be very hard to produce disagreement between us. I'm absolutely not saying, you know, when the rationale is disease control, let's not kill any insects. That would be an example of a disproportionate action and I've always supported malaria nets, campaigns to try and attack malaria. There's lots of things we can do that are proportionate, I think. You know, it's no good pointing to some things and saying they would be disproportionate. Therefore, let's do nothing. That's a fallacious inference, so let's not do that. When some things are disproportionate, the next question should be, what can we do that is proportionate? Thank you. Other comments from the panelists about this discussion are about either of the two talks that we've just heard. Julie, your hand is... I have so many thoughts and I just don't know where to start. I just want to let you ask your questions. But I think, you know, if you don't mind me asking a question, if we're doing research on vertebrates, we have to go through animal permits in order to do that and we don't have it for invertebrates, clearly with cephalopods that we're making progress on that. But I'm just curious to, like, if you could start drafting some minimal best practices that we could start employing, where would you start? Jonathan, before you answer that question, would you talk a little bit about what standards are, for instance, in the UK and the United States when it comes to research on animals? Well, the protections are significantly stronger in the European Union and in the UK. One of the things I found really heartening is the extension right across the EU to cephalopod monosks, including octobuses but also cuttlefish, squid. So these animals, they're treated as honorary vertebrates and they receive some protection in science. And I think that should absolutely happen here as well. I want to see it here. There's no reason for it not to happen here. But I also want to go further than that. And, you know, we need to start recognizing that many other invertebrates, there's also a risk that we're hurting them when we do harmful procedures to them. And that certainly includes decapod crustaceans like crabs and lobsters. And as I say, I've come to strongly suspect that it includes insects as well. And then your question was, well, where to start? And where to start? Well, the website on my last slide, Insect Welfare Research Society, we've produced a code of practice that is absolutely just a draft starting point. It's saying there's a lot we don't know, but given the evidence we have, here are some suggestions. And there's a different type of permission that you have to think about, which I usually have to deal with, which is when you're going into a wild area, all of those beautiful pictures I have in the Himalayas, I had to have wildlife permits, add appropriate permissions. I of course had the permission from the local people, the indigenous people that lived in that area that I could work with them on their land. We were, in many cases, we weren't even touching the insects in those cases, but we would occasionally collect them for identification and purposes, and we had to have permits for that. So I think there's different levels, and that's very important to maintain the biodiversity and make sure that you're not taking too much for your own purposes. So I think those permits also could be strengthened in other ways as well, more from an ecological perspective, but there is both thinking about what you do in the lab but also thinking about what you do in nature as well. I have a question.  I would love to know what the panelists think. We've known for a very long time that perhaps some vertebrates that we rely on for food aren't necessarily being raised in the most humane conditions, and yet it persists, and it's persisted for a very, very long time, despite movies that are shown and films and billboards that are in Times Square and what have you. When I see photos of horseshoe crabs that are milked for their blood for vaccine purposes, it's disturbing to see it, but in some ways it's not unlike some of the videos that I've seen of chicken warehouses or slaughterhouses. What makes us think that we will have a different response from the general public towards caring for insects than what we've had for chickens or cows or... I mean, I hope we do. I'm agreeing with you, but I'm just curious, how do we get this compassion from people? It's a good point, because as you say, people have a lot of compassion for mammals, like dogs and cats, but often struggle to extend that to pigs or birds like chickens, for example, with really terrible consequences. Sometimes that's about not having really encountered these animals, not having read the research, just underestimating them, and there the answer is more events like this, more ways to get the information out there about how intelligent these animals are and how much they're capable of suffering. There might still be a problem, a sort of problem where even when people in their most reflective moments really agree, we've got to stop treating chickens and pigs like this. It doesn't always translate to consumer behavior in the supermarket, where one option is much cheaper than the other option. And there I think the answer has just got to be policy. I mean, that's... some place is much harder than in others, but you need action by companies and you need government encouraging that sort of action. And there's been some signs of this in the Netherlands, for example, where virtually all the supermarkets in the Netherlands have signed on to this commitment to avoid the fastest growing breeds of chicken, which have the lowest welfare, spend quite a lot of their lives in serious leg pain. So that's an example of how you can get industry buy-in, supported by government, supported by the public. But it's a lot of hard work, I think, to get to that point. And there needs to be viable alternatives, right? There needs to be viable alternatives for consumers to make choices that they can afford, right? If the humane option is out of your price range, I mean, then you don't really have much of a choice, right? And so we also have to work, as you said, with government and with industry and provide and also do more research. I think in some cases there aren't really financially viable alternatives to some of these inhumane techniques that provide the amount of food or revenue that is needed for a particular industry. So I think these things have to come together and work a little bit better on providing, you know, not just saying, don't do this, but saying we have an alternative that will give you an equivalent that is much more humane, that is much more respectful to the organism that you're using as food. Anna, I think you had a question. Yes. I was intrigued by these bumblebees playing. And how can you define playing?  I mean, that was the way they also found out about pulling the strings. In that case, it ended up in a reward, but I mean, they would never have started doing that unless they had this sort of, not curiosity, and that could well be an instinct to sort of check out your environment, including, you know, pushing around these little nice balls. And big challenges in this area, and absolutely one of the big challenges is to distinguish play behaviour where we might want to say that it's not just exploratory behaviour, but rather involves taking some intrinsic delight in the action, you know, reward in the action, how to distinguish that from exploratory behaviour. And it is really hard. I mean, one of the things you can look at is whether the animal, having had plenty of time to learn that there is no reward, so plenty of time to habituate and just ignore it, nonetheless carries on. That seems to be pointing towards it getting some intrinsic reward from this behaviour. And that's what they did.  I think curiosity itself is interesting, though, to and deserves, you know, a little attention. I know it from sort of like animal training that so much of our methods are like forcing our ideas on animals, and what we need, like, there's sort of a movement now to try to let them be more their curious selves and let us help them find the answers through their own natural curiosity. And so I think curiosity is sort of a motion or intellectual capacity that deserves its own recognition and then play is, you know, more than that. But I think just the fact that the bee goes around and is so curious to solve problems is intelligence in its own. Well, I mean, I've got to say I'm very interested to hear what Michael thinks about this. Michael, you've had a very illustrious career doing this kind of insect lab research without having to go through ethical review, for example. You know, anyone doing molecular biology using Drosophila, for example, is affecting the lives of tens of thousands, maybe hundreds of thousands of flies. And so it also sort of, you know, the questions you were raising, you know, how do you think about numbers in the case of insects? Especially since, you know, you presented plenty of evidence that insects feel pain. I mean, some of the original learning and memory studies in Drosophila were using electric shocks to train animals to prefer one odor over another where there was no preference before. So it's very clear that they react, that they learn and they react to not just stimuli. What I find difficult is knowing, you know, we do have sort of gradations in the way we treat vertebrate research animals, and what kinds of gradations might you be thinking about with these different insects that are so abundantly used for research, particularly molecular biology, where, you know, the numbers are really enormous, especially when you add up all the labs that are doing work. Yeah, it gets very difficult, yeah. And in our actual recommendations on the website, it's hard to go beyond, you know, in order to try and get consensus support, it's hard to go beyond things that are about just recommending humane ways of treating them. But if you're thinking about this in terms of the imperative to reduce, refine, replace, as they say, what we're focusing on there is really refinement. These questions about should this be something we're trying to reduce, I think, is a big and very difficult question, because a lot of the research inherently relies, as you say, on using very large numbers of animals. Yeah, I don't have an answer to that, but it's a really tricky dilemma, I think. I had a question for Shannon, at least to begin with. You were talking about insects observing their world and then responding to what they see. And I wanted to ask if you thought part of that was because insects are small, and one of the consequences of being small is that you often don't have a lot of control over your environment, so you kind of have to respond to what's there. So to what extent do you think that part of this might be a consequence of scaling? And if insects were the size of us, do you think they'd still be observing and adapting? Well, that's a good question. It's a really hard question. Why'd you give me the hard question? I knew you could handle it. You're correct, and I think your opening talk was so beautifully said that they are at the whims of many things that we don't... You mentioned friction and adhesion. They have completely different levels to an insect that's small, right?  We can fly a plane in pretty heavy winds, but they get drift, they experience drift, right? And they have to quickly correct for that. They're suddenly blown off course, and now they have to figure out, where am I and what do I need to do to get back to where they are, I do think you're right. I do think because they're subject to the world's forces to a large extent, perhaps much larger than certainly we or any larger animal would be, but that's part of it. They also just have incredibly fast processing of information. They do have tiny brains. They do have fewer levels of neurons that need to go through to get to their motor centers or their wings. So they are quite fast, and they do often use, you know, as I showed in the talk, sometimes very simplistic algorithms, but very powerful ones that allow them to parse their space with relatively little processing. And that's an advantage for them because, you know, they don't, in many cases, have as long of a lifespan as we do. They don't have as long of a wait to eat food, so they have to find things very quickly. So I do think life, they live life in the fast lane in many ways, and that's very important to keep in mind that the time scales for us and the time scales for an insect are generally quite different. So I do think all of those things play a role together. Can I ask a question, Shannon? I mean, I totally agree with the point about time scale. Do you think that the bees in the experiments I was describing predict, you know? They anticipate, they can anticipate, for example, that this will give a sweeter reward than this, this will be hotter than that. And so I'm wondering how strong a claim you want to make here. I don't think they're living entirely in the present moment. I think they have some escape from immediacy. They can do a bit of prediction and anticipation. What they don't have is what we have, just worrying about the future years ahead and the future of the entire planet and so on. Do you agree with that, or do you really think they don't predict at all? I'm glad you brought that up because there is an important distinction between what I'm saying, which is being able to parse the world in front of you versus making decisions about it. And absolutely insects, as you beautifully showed in your talk and Lars's work as well as shown, and even we have shown in our lab, we can teach our hoverflies to like blue flowers very quickly. They may not like a blue flower from birth. They don't like the blue color, but you give it a little sugar and you present it to them a couple of times and they'll like blue. And they'll make predictions the next time that the blue flower is likely to have that sugar and they'll go to it. So absolutely, they do make predictions. They do have expectations about their environment. I think the difference is that they are much more able to deal with perturbations in their environment versus us. I mentioned that thing about we screwed up the coding and they were going in the wrong direction for a month and we didn't even notice. Another thing that we have found that they're able to do is also to respond to very, very slow worlds. One thing I didn't bring up in my talk is that there's something called the flicker fusion frequency. And this is what allows us to see a movie. A movie is actually just a bunch of pictures put together and if they're put at least 24 frames a second, we see a movie, okay? If you wanted to play a movie for a fly, you'd have to have 200 frames a second because they have incredibly fast motion sensors and also very fast wing beats, so everything is fast for them. When we first started, we were worried about this because having a color monitor at such a high frame rate, we overclocked our gaming monitors up to about 180 frames a second. Any gamers out there would be impressed by this. But it still wasn't enough and we knew it was still under what they could detect, so it would flicker to them, right? Just like if you have a movie that's too slow, like 20 frames a second, it will strobe for your eyes. We put the monitors down to 20 hertz, where it was even strobing for us and they were just doing their job. They were just flying around. They were seeming to deal with it and I think that that's the difference not that they don't use some expectation cues, but they are just incredibly fast at dealing with the scene in front of them, processing the information that they can and then adapting to it, which I think was really the point of my talk. But I think you're absolutely right. They do learn about their world. They learn about what's good, what's bad. Oh, I went to that blue flower. It was really tasty. I'll go to this other blue flower. They do definitely make decisions based on past experience, for sure. We would expect it to be selected for, right, in terms of long-term evolutionary history. We should expect there should be selection for you to be able to make preferences and for you to adapt quickly, because I think that's basically what leads there to be different colors in bodies of insects and sexual preferences and sexual selection. Even bacteria have simple forms of learning, right? They can change the way their receptors respond to chemical stimuli and they can be more sensitive to it the next time, which is a single cellular form of learning. I mean, learning and memory is essential for most life. I guess it's an important idea for me that I think insects and some other invertebrates like octopuses are in a very different category from bacteria in that, you know, in addition to having all of that basic stuff you were describing, there's also this central brain that is representing the world around it. And for me, it's when you get that, the possibility that there's real experience there, including feelings of pleasure and pain, comes in. So I don't defend policy to protect the welfare of bacteria. You know, if it's the dog or the bacteria that is infected, it chews the dog every time. But when it comes to the case of insects, I think it's really a bit different. And I think they really are much more like vertebrates in the sense of having experiences of the world around them. Second it. Yeah, let me go to the question of insect welfare and pain. I think to me, it is logical to assume they feel pain. So at my institute, we are trying to answer that question using crickets, edible crickets. Crickets make enormous noise. The noise sounds the same to us. The team of scientists at my institute are trying to figure out using artificial intelligence and machine learning what the different noises, the noises to differentiate the noises they make under stressful conditions, under conditions when they want to mate, under conditions when there is a shortage of food feed. So I think pretty soon we'll have answers to that. I think, for example, for many years, scientists assumed that, for example, plants can't hear their death. But that's because the experiments were all wrong in the past. People were scientists who were playing music, classical music, violin, all the music that we like to hear didn't mean anything to the plants. But recently, scientists in Israel figured out a way actually plants can hear their death. They hear to, for example, bees, the sound of bees. When they do that, when they hear bees around buzzing, they make sweeter nectar to attract them. They knew that there are bees there. So the right tools now, the right also experiments, I think pretty soon we'll answer that question whether really insects feel pain. It would be great to coordinate on this. The large Chickas lab that I've been collaborating with has always been about bees forever until now because we've just got funding to get crickets in the lab. Because of the urgency here with cricket farming going so rapidly, we see an urgent need for more research on crickets. So let's keep in touch about what the most informative experiments would be for developing codes of best practice for cricket farming. We'll be happy. Do you not think it's a little... I'm going to be very tough here. Do you think it's a little bit arrogant for us as humans to think about the suffering of insects? Do they think about the suffering of themselves? Why is this arrogant? I'm wondering if, for example, insects often eat other insects, right? Do they consider the welfare of... I think in general other animals are not really moral agents. Do you think of orcas, for example, killer whales? Absolutely. The things they do to seals are just so unbelievably horrible. But they don't have a moral sense. They're not capable of stopping and pausing the question is what I'm doing right or wrong. I'm sure that's true for insects as well. But we do have that ability. Because we do have that ability, we can stop and reflect and try to minimize the suffering that we create in the world through our actions. And so we end up with obligations to care about the suffering of other animals that those animals don't themselves have because they can't. They're not moral creatures. But then you're also distinguishing between the way humans behave and the way insects behave. So when you think about ethical considerations you also have to make that distinction between the way we would treat each other as humans and the way we would treat insects. So it becomes very complicated. Our obligations are very, very different. Of course. It brings up another tricky point, I think, that your comment raises which is why do we have these impressions of how to behave? Is it because we have a history of living in groups and having to look out for each other in ways where reciprocity is understood, is essential for survival? And if that isn't true in an insect world then we do have a dilemma. This is an argument that Darwin makes in The Descent of Man that is very memorable to me that he says imagine a species of social insect like bees that have developed human level intelligence and its own form of morality. The moral norms would be completely different and they would not worry about equality and things like that. They would have these rigidly defined social roles and they would not care at all about sacrificing large numbers of workers for the good of the queen. The morality they would end up with would be very different and it just leads to this reflection that it could well be that a lot of our moral beliefs are quite contingent on our own evolutionary history in the way you described and the fact we did live in groups that were pretty egalitarian unlike social insect groups. But there's always the question of where does the capacity come from and what do we do with it now? You think of maths, for example, our capacity to have mathematical thought and history that did not involve building rockets or nuclear power plants, etc. We do a lot more with that ability now and so it is with morality that we've evolved this capacity to think about the feelings and the suffering of others. We can do more with that than we evolved originally to do with it. I wanted to follow up maybe on that question with there are insects that we call social insects tend to be bees, ants, wasps, termites. And then insects that we would call non-social or sub-social, those include things like flies, many beetles, butterflies. And in thinking about the mind and intelligence, are social insects more intelligent? These insects that tend to live in large groups that take different roles with a colony. Are we just talking about a subset of insects or all insects? Sharon, do you want to start the discussion on that one? We don't have to have a question about what do we mean by intelligence. I think we have to start with that question. What does it mean to be intelligent? And then going back from our perspective of what is intelligent, I thought it was pretty amazing that the flies could see cloud animals. I thought that was pretty cool. I couldn't see that. So I thought that was pretty intelligent. I'm not sure if I feel even comfortable answering this question because I think we always ultimately see the world through our own eyes and through our own perspective. And what is intelligent for a fly is going to be very different. They are pretty intelligent in their ability to, as I said, to switch their wings around very quickly so that we can't do as humans. But we don't need to do that in most cases. So that's a skill that is harder for us. So they have adapted over millions of years. In fact, almost a billion years, insects have been around on this planet to be better adapted to their particular environments. And then they are very good at adapting to new environments, which is why we have more insects, as you said, in Congress than anything else, right? I mean, they're good at this. So, I mean, what then would you call intelligence, right? I find this a very tough question. I know I didn't answer it, but I think it's not an easy one. I don't know, maybe my esteemed other speakers would like to come in here. I would certainly say don't write off solitary insects. And I know this is Lars's view as well, that intuitively you might think sociality is really important here and that honeybees and bumblebees might be much more, much better at learning and memory than other solitary bees. But Lars's view is that there's no evidence for this, that when you give the same sorts of tasks to solitary bees, how well do they remember the different flowers, et cetera? They are just as good. And octopuses are worth thinking about in this context as well, that octopuses are not social. So, all our assumptions from our own case about how sociality is linked to intelligence, which I think are true in our own case, they're definitely not true in the octopuses case. Octopuses are highly intelligent, yet solitary. And the same may be true for a lot of insects. Not unlike some of our colleagues, right? Highly intelligent and yet solitary. Yeah, yeah, philosophers also fall into that. I mean, I guess it's a lot of different, like you said, different types of intelligence. They are really good at intercepting their prey, they can do math in their head. They have really large mushroom bodies, so we know that they can remember their territories, and some of them have very complex territories, or migratory roots, and they're solitary. But maybe we just think of kind of social intelligence in terms of being able to interact with others with termites, just being so impressive, like you said. It relates to ourselves, and then we're back to kind of naval gazing, I suppose, and thinking of it in the context of humans. I would think that it's...  If you are...   You don't need all this decision-making all the time. So maybe we are sort of looking at the wrong separator in a way. It's more the complexity of the insect's life than sociality or solitariness as such. Or to persistently live complicated lives. Yes, exactly. Solitary but very complicated. Just thinking about a line from Franz Deweyle, the primatologist, that we have to worry about the risk of anthropomorphism. And for example, I think, when we infer that because intelligence and sociality are very closely linked in our own case, they must always be closely linked. But at the same time, Deweyle says we need to think about the risk of anthropo-denial, he calls it, where we just assume that because something seems so central to our own experience, no other animal could possibly have it. Pain, for example. The fact that pain seems so intimate and personal and subjective and private, that doesn't mean that insects can't have it as well. That actually leads to an interesting question. Sorry to jump your cue, Margaret. But one viewer asks, why is the utilitarian standard of can it suffer the appropriate one to apply? Why not ask, does this form of life have its own distinct good to achieve? That approach gets you out of trying to say that all beings consider suffering the way that 19th century English philosophers do. I think a 19th, 20th century philosopher wrote that question. So why apply that standard? Oh, in a way that the question is alluding to other approaches in animal ethics, like Martha Nussbaum's approach, for example, in her book, Justice for Animals, Christine Cosgard's approach in her book, Fellow Creatures. They have in common an emphasis on what is good for the animal that is not entirely a matter of avoiding suffering and having pleasure. So there's a richer way of thinking about what is good for the animal that extends beyond that. I think it's easy to overstate the differences between these traditions, to be honest. I think they absolutely do agree on the importance of suffering. And then the question is whether there are other capacities as well that we should also consider. But there's no view on which suffering is irrelevant. We'll argue later. Margaret. We can do it now. We're here to disagree well. Well, actually one of the things that I'm thinking about is that it feels like when we say again they suffer, that kind of is a trump card in a way that feels maybe like it's not a trump card in my own life. I mean, all of us engage in activities that involve suffering, maybe mental suffering, maybe physical suffering, but it's really it's the only way to get the job done in a sense. You don't ask any of the athletes in the room. Like, is it fun to do those things they do? No. So I wonder, is there a more nuanced way to talk about yes, suffering might be relevant, but it might actually not be the defining feature of how to think about something as a moral being. It might not be the only thing that matters. I think that's absolutely right. And in our own case, we know that sometimes we have a goal in view that makes the suffering worth it. We're running a marathon, we're going to suffer, but we're going to feel great at the end, so people say. Not speaking from personal experience there. Equally, I mean, so with other animals, I don't think they're thinking about the far future in the way that we do. But nonetheless, there might be some things that are very important to them that involve suffering. Think of ants, for example, where they sacrifice themselves for the good of the group. There's an ethical debate there about if you were to prevent that, would you be helping the ant or would you be harming it by stopping it expressing some of its most interesting and sophisticated capabilities? I'm sure there'll be disagreement in those cases. But it doesn't translate into disagreement about whether we should give the animals that we farm good lives free of suffering. Because there, the goal is our goal. It's not the animal's goal. There's no question of the animal thinking this suffering is worth it. Because that steak will be so tasty at the end. I also think there's a... I like this question a lot because I've been reading a lot about and speaking to people about things like the rights of nature movements across the world, which are largely influenced by Indigenous peoples across the world's viewpoints of the personification of things like a river or a tree where suffering is not... You don't think about suffering in a river's sense, but you do think about it's right to be there and it's right to exist and it's right to be clean and to be respected. I think for me that always is a much easier way for me to also think about all organisms, right? No, because the fact is, yeah maybe I wouldn't put ethics on bacteria like I would on insects, but bacteria are also really important to have on this planet. So it becomes really difficult, I think, to parse what is more important. Is it more important to have an elephant, or is it more important to have a tree, or is it more important to have a honeybee? I mean, they're all important in different contexts. I think this idea of recognizing their right to exist and trying to respect that and minimize the negative influence you have on their ability to survive as much as possible. That is generally how the discussions I have with others in our network, for example, go forward in terms of making decisions on how do we work in an environment. That applies to people too. A people's right to exist, a person's right to survive and to live. Then you actually apply everything equally and that's easier from maybe my small, slightly larger than insect-sized brain to handle than thinking about profound suffering of things that I have trouble dealing with. That might be a point of disagreement, because suffering is pretty important from my point of view. When I think about ecosystems and things like this, I think they absolutely have value and they have value in virtue of the sentient life they contain and that if you had an ecosystem in imagination, imagine stripping out all the sentient life, so no more animals, no more insects, nothing, only non-sentient life there. I really think the value has gone from that ecosystem. So in that sense, I'm a sentientist. I think that the ultimate source of the moral value of these things is the fact that they contain sentient life. Let's go ahead, Anna. Just coming back to the IPBS again, the nature panel. One of their other recent reports was on valuation of nature and very relevant. The nature panel works a lot with indigenous people and they reflect that view that you mentioned, Shannon. And sort of the conclusion of that valuation report put in very few words is that we have to move from living from nature. In other words, using nature to live with nature. And there are several more options in between. But this is, I think it's very simply put, but still it reflects this moving from considering us as something above all other beings and all other creatures on this planet and try to find ways to coexist that will secure our welfare, but also go as far as we possibly can in securing the welfare of these other beings we share the planet with. I think the IPBS reports are really worth reading for those of you that are not familiar with them. They have a short summary for policy makers that are easy to read, lots of figures and interesting stuff. There are lots of questions here about the nature of mind and brain and so on. I'm just wondering if any of you want to talk about the value of using some terminology rather than other terminology. Somebody asked questions about can we actually describe the parts of insect collections of neurons in a way that sounds like the way we would describe a human brain, for example. Is there is there power in saying mind? I mean, it's a really loaded weighted word in philosophy, of course. So can any of you just talk about why you would choose to use the word brain or mind or how you would, in fact, talk about these capacities that insects have? What label would you give to it? I was trying to amalgamate a lot of your really interesting questions about this matter, by the way, audience. Thank you for them. They're really, really interesting and I'll make sure that the panelists get access to them.  In fact, the way they smell at least now they use their antenna we have our nose so you'd think it's completely different but from a neural processing standpoint there's incredible convergence in how the odors are being processed through the brain. We have an olfactory bulb they have an antenna lobe because we have olfaction in our nose and they have an antenna but the processing actually even the way the neurons process that information is extremely convergent between humans and insects, right? So from that standpoint it's different. Now, Jonathan can talk about the mind because I'm the ecologist and the neuroscientist so, yeah. Yeah, I mean, I think Lois Chicker's Mind of a Bee book is good on this the brain is very differently organized and so when you look at the basic plan of the brain it looks very different from a vertebrate brain but, you know, you can have two different pieces of hardware running very similar pieces of software and what we see in the insect case is that they're clearly doing computations they're clearly representing the world around them and I think virtually everyone in the insect world is willing to go that far and then you get a debate about well, at what point do you shift from talking about computation to talking about mind and as I say, I'm wary here of the risk of anthropo-denial I mean, what are we talking about in our own case when we talk about mind and mentality? We're talking about representation, computation and subjective experience and clearly the first few things are there in insects and there's no reason, no principled reason to withhold the third thing so that's why I'm like the Dalai Lama, like Buddhists for 2,000 years, I'm entirely happy with saying that insects have mind I feel like whether you said they had a mind or whether you said they had clusters of ganglia I still could come to the same agreement with you, you know, I don't feel like I want to call it a mind for me to feel like I want to protect it It diminishes the ethical significance of what you're talking about If you're unwilling, yeah if you just talk about these clusters of ganglia I don't think you do that for a cat or a dog and I think we've got to be treating invertebrates fairly we've got to be treating them with parity with the way we think about vertebrates including using some of the same language where it's appropriate I almost in some way I almost think focusing so much on the brain in mind for ourselves as humans has been very limiting and so in sort of like I have the philosophers here so I apologize I'm not in my lane so correct me but in thinking sort of about just kind of like Cartesian dualism where we focus so much on the thinking and have ignored a little bit more of kind of the down sensory perception that we're going through all the time like our nervous systems are taking on a lot of info we haven't studied our gut responses in the same way that we've studied our brain responses and so I think if we can start appreciating those different ways of sensing better from insects then we start realizing that like there's parts of that in us too Thank you Great I think Descartes has a very unfortunate place in this history here as being one of the key figures who introduced skepticism about the minds of animals to the western tradition and philosophy because of course if you're Descartes you think mind and brain are fundamentally different things the mind is immaterial and it interacts by some unknown mysterious means with the brain and you end up thinking well it's very very special and only humans have it I think there was a huge misstep big mistake and once you reject that dualist picture in which mind and brain fundamentally different and you start to think of mind as being something the brain does something the brain implements then you start to realize that where you have complex brains as you do in insects is at some level of mentality and I think that's the correct view that we're now coming back to in which as I say Indian traditions have had all along Julie just said you know I'm not in my lane here and I think one of the things to remind everyone in the audience about is that we bring together a group of people who don't normally talk to each other and they're trying to learn how to talk to each other and one of the things that academia does is silos us in ways that make us feel like I don't know the right word I'm here right now to talk about this thing and so I just won't talk about it at all and what I really admire about the folks who come to this conference is their willingness to sort of say what's the word for that thing you people talk about when you're talking about that thing and that's one of the things that I really want us to model for you know our students high school students and college students out there because you all are doing it every day in the classroom right trying to go from you know music theory to you know exercise physiology and your heads are exploding all the time and I think it's really wonderful for us to try to to practice that ourselves because we get really used to being able to be smart in our narrow field and not have to make ourselves vulnerable so thanks to all of you for being willing to be vulnerable in these ways and I invite Margaret to ask vulnerably ask a last question so this comes from the audience and I think it's a great way of kind of ending this leaving people something to think about how do we as the general public begin fostering relationships with insects as sentient beings especially in a time where society is largely driven by capitalism what steps can we take to make it seem more realistic for individual people to take on this task I think that what I would do first is send everyone out of this auditorium to just walk around the campus and watch insects I think so few of us so few students actually have this opportunity when they go to school to observe insect life and I think that when you start to get those eyes and listen to class yesterday whenever I go on insect walks with students or even adults they don't see anything for a long time they think there's like nothing around and then suddenly I'll point out something and they'll see that there's insects and then they'll suddenly see them everywhere because they are everywhere and I think that it awakens you up to the sense that you are in the world of insects this is not something that we're talking about that's very far away they're underneath us they're above us at every moment in time except maybe when we're in the deep winter where they're mostly underground waiting for the spring but right now they're everywhere and I think the first thing that I would say is do that go outside if you've never tried to look for insects now is the time to do that it's really essential because you will never be able to understand their world and appreciate on this planet unless you see them unless you let them see you and unless you understand that they're here maybe I shouldn't spray a pesticide here maybe I shouldn't cut this grass here because there's a bunch of bees feeding on it this is the awareness that I think we need to have in everybody man, woman, childs, anyone and I think it starts there Your enthusiasm is so wonderful I think if you have a lawn don't mow the lawn and let the grass grow let more insects come into your into your life you'll be surprised I think far too many neatly trimmed lawns around I wonder if you have an answer to that one No, I guess I would support what Shannon was just saying I think we need to get involved with the insects we need to practice to see them and maybe we need to switch our perception somehow around it's not that the insects are sort of invading our city it's that we placed our city in the middle of their habitat so of course they're here and I think starting to see them you have this selective consciousness I guess like the way of viewing things like you say once you start looking once I was challenged by a journalist in the middle of London to find insects and we were it was just pavement and big houses on all sides and it took actually five minutes and I found representatives for all the major orders of insects and I was amazed myself because I was like oh this is not gonna work but it did so there are everywhere but we need to practice to see them and I think through that practice comes the respect for them and the curiosity to learn more and I think then at least we are on the road to a better relationship with insects for the good of both them and us Julie and then second it I just want to make a little note of the kind of capitalism in there and I'll speak touch on it in my talk tomorrow but I think that's actually a really there's a key part here and I'm not the best at articulating it yet but basically in our society in our capitalistic society we still have the sort of keeping up with the Jones's attitude of that our worth is a little bit based on what we have and owning the right things and that is capitalism trying to get our money in their pockets and so if we can start redefining our own worth differently maybe it's by how many insects I didn't kill today we have the capacity and power to redefine our own values to consume less and to stop feeding into the system that's causing so much harm and so the way to sort of help insects and help the world on a whole is to stop consuming so much and thinking more locally and changing our value systems to reflect our values not the ones that capitalists have given us so I agree with everything that has been said but I want also to add to expand it that every time you put a delicious honey on your toast think of the bees every time it's nutrient dense food, vegetables, fruits think that is the level of the pollinators often laid by insects every time you enjoy a nice silk fabric it is a level of silkworms and I think also I would say to people that in a nice bright day you sit in your lawn if you don't have a lawn garden you go to your park sit, relax, watch insects and one of the most inspiring things is to see ants carrying several folds their weight trying to take that food or the cat leaves or dead other insects to their nest you'll never them quit, they struggle they roll it, they go the side, they got until they persist to take it to their goal so there is nothing more inspiring I find than that type of lever and so we learn from insects I think you watch them and you only love and empathize with them that's lovely, thank you thank you so much thanks to all of our panelists today, thanks especially to our three speakers today we have four to come tomorrow just a reminder of what's to come please don't leave anything in the arena tonight your personal belongings please take those with you the bug bites reception is happening on the second floor out the doors to the left for those of you who registered for it don't forget tonight is the moth story slam in Bjerling, $5 it doors at $7.30 we'll begin tomorrow morning the prelude begins at $9.15 the doors here will open at $8.30 the first lecture starts at $9.30 and in anticipation of that moth story slam just one more haiku for today from Issa how much are you enjoying yourself tiger moth and with that I leave you enjoy your evening


The Caretaker Extraordinary Convention Planning Committee of the Rolling All Progressives Congress, AAPC, has shadowed their party's national convention to hold on March 26 at the Ego Square, Abuja, addressing these men after the 20th regular meeting of the Caretaker Committee in Abuja. Today's secretary to the committee, John James Akman-Odehe, said that activities for the party's national convention will commence from February 24 and terminate on March 26 at the Ego Square or the National Convention. We have agreed and approved that the activities of the national convention commence from the 24th of March and terminates on the 26th of March. The convention's activities commence on the 24th of February and will terminate at Ego Square, National Convention on the 26th of March. In between the convention, we have agreed to have zonal congresses and all the activities is hereby given. Convention activities commence from this month on the 24th of February and shall terminate on the 26th of March. In between the convention activities, there shall be a zonal congresses. All right, we're now being joined by an AAPC chieftain and former member of the House of Representatives, KND, on their name. Thanks for joining us in plus news now. Good evening, how are you? I'm doing well, honorable. What is your reaction to this new development? Does this also tell, what does it really tell about the Bonillaet CECPC? They had six months to do a job and they have been several postponements and it's getting to two years. Yeah. So, if I get you right, actually, the Bonillaet CECPC will come to stay for as long as it has. However, you'll agree with several new discussions in AAPC and some good for a running party to go through the next half of March on time to divide it out. That is exactly what this week led from the team, even or from now. So, the committee initially put the convention on my favoritism. Unfortunately, the convention led by CECPC, so committee had to support. But even in that effort, there was a need for a little activity, especially some other So, even when members are not, members of the party are not comfortable with the series of programs. However, what we noted that parties, they cannot go into national convention, divide it out, as much as what is tried to resolve a problem. People should stop all. Some issues are going to be dealt with by the CECPC. But those things are not going to resolve the CECPC convention. And that is exactly what I said, the Bonillaet CECPC, it won't be permanent. So, it's also not going to be. We've got another side, all the CECPCs will be fixed. And the CECPC will come back to bring some parties again. Okay, why the talk of a sudden Zonal Congress ahead of the national convention? This is actually relatively new. Is it a niche of imposition on members, incompetence on the part of the CECPC? Or they are not really having an idea of what they are doing. Won't it foment more crisis with the APC? It's not the national convention. Even for the national convention. It will not be the convention of the CECPC. But I want to believe that at the time when I started the CECPC convention, I guess it was the convention of the CECPC. We do not ought to forget that the CECPCs are meant to be sold. And if all the zones are not conserved, it's done in arrangements. It's only two booths for every party. It's not for a convention, when there are decisions, it's sold. So initially, again, we are the Zonal Congress of the CECPC on 26th. But, however, the CECPC has developed the CECPC and fixed national convention on March 26th. Which means, I want to believe that before that march, Zonal positions will have been fixed. Everybody will be sold in a boundary and succeeded on superimposed, to be on those positions that will be sold to specific zones. So, at the time of the convention, I had said that while we are going to Zonal convention, we have taken up the Zonal convention for Zonal positions for which people might have been free. And that would be considered as the national convention. All right, all right. I want to believe that at the end of the day, all issues, fights here and there will have been considered Zonal consular and national convention will be sold on March 26th and everything will be fixed. And if you come back to Zonal convention. But then again, other reactions are already trilling this announcement and some are asking how a party that cannot conduct its internal elections is expected to lead a country. How do you react to this? I expected that. I expected that comment. However, you would know that if a democratic situation is expected, there is bound to be some sort of respect. There is bound to be some kind of like how we are in Zonal. And what we have to do is try to see that rather than putting people on members of the party in such a way that once we want to disclose that everything that the court has done we go to prison. So if the opposite of party members are still in prison, we are not, we are doing this for the sake of that. What we come to see, what we let the party try to see is that by the time of convention we would have gotten a very clear argument and the rest of the members is on point and that is the reason for the transition. So opposite of what we have done is that everybody wants to see. We want to make, we want to run away to do the secret thing to put the opposite party of done there. We want to ensure that we stop the convention and divide it out as the other major parties are done and that is exactly what they have done and that is why we are putting the convention of the national convention talking about the settlement of done there and there. All right. Hold on. All our good members have been charged and we will go to the last one. All right. You said all our good members have actually been reached out and addressed, but I still have spoken with some members of the APC specifically the young people, the youths. They are seemingly not happy with the state of affairs of the party and specifically this recent development. Just how can the APC go about addressing this issue very quickly, honorable? Before March 20th, just to say that before March 20th, everybody at the party member or a party member will definitely be charged and all these youths should be taken. All right, thank you. All right, thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. All right. Thank you so much. We will speak with some honorable leaders. He is an APC chieftain and a former member of the House of Representatives. He joined us on their phone from Ogunstate. Thank you so much for your time. Hello. Hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hey, what's good y'all? It's your boy Dom from the Down Show and friends and we back for another K-pop reaction. Now, what we're going to be doing next is Blackpink shutdown dance performance video. So, performance video, did you add another layer to the choreography? I don't think that I watched the dance practice of this, but I will go back if y'all want me to. I'll probably watch it anyway. But I'm already going to expect already that with the choreography, the other layers them really work in this camera. So, I look forward to that. So, please hit the like button, share and other than that, y'all, I appreciate y'all support. We are on a roll for more subscribers, more likes, more shares, more dancing, more boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. So, let's get into it y'all. And three, two, one. Let's see what we got. Ooh, okay. Okay. Okay. See already what I like. It's not the dance move. I'm not going to lie y'all, it's the dance move. It's how they did it.  Yeah, I want that. Don't get me. Get me. Yeah, get me that. I'm never going to be mad at that. Okay, we working camera now. I like that wide shot. The close-up, take that back. I like that shot at Carter. If you watch this part, look at this man. We might need to mess with this shot right here. Look how wide it is with the close-up. And then it come in, back that. And we need to mess with that. We need to mess with that. Don't mind me y'all eat my dinner, because I got to do a lot of work tonight. So, let's get back into it. Let's see. What we doing right here? Two, one, two, one, two. Boom, boom, mm-hmm. Now how we get there, slid over. That was an all the way through shot, so they walked all the way over. Okay, how we working this camera though? Ah, ooh, see, a lot of movements for me, for me. The orange phrases. I love that. You see they so nice and so crisp. Her attitude with the camera is not like a, it's more like a, all them different layers. The expression, all in the face with this attitude. Watch again. The real sassy. Boom, oh, you see, yeah, she's all in it. Yeah, just ah, ah, ah, ah, yeah. I love with the hands. Look at that. Look, perfect shot. Perfect shot at 24 seconds. Somebody need to screenshot that, put that on a poster. Take a take next time I get an autograph. So, but I love this. I love what they was doing with their hands. The sets. Yeah, you got to watch that. That was cold. What are we doing? Hit the dun dun dun dun dun. So they just grew that. Just little grew slides. Hit up and turn with the camera. Great camera, great camera. I know y'all mad at me like, don't stop. It's layers that I'm seeing right now that I think that I would love to do for my own personal work. Cause I love this close up groundwork, upper body, full body, okay, upper body. And then we don't really get no full body right now until there, but they get that close up coming in, slide in back. I need to see the dance practice. There's some things that I want to see that was that they do. Hold on, but what was that a, was that a cut of ongoing? Okay. Is this ongoing choreography? Flip. I don't know. I don't know if the camera did switch or not, but it does look like a wide shot. Let's see what they do. Okay. That was nice. I like the attitude with this. Came with the hands. Working that camera. Well, yeah, I like that. I like that. It's the little things. Let's go. Yeah, those are different size. That's not the same camera. That's some edit. That's edit. Yeah. Hey, hey, nice effect. Nice effect. Okay. Hey, that's catchy. So y'all definitely doing this choreography on take time. I bet y'all are. I know y'all are. Yeah. Good shot. You can never go wrong. Hey, we talked about this. I love my full body shots, but every once in a while I take one of these shots close up. Hmm. Can we get a wide shot there? Yeah. I was wondering if you would go wide air with the groove. Come back to just a little bit. Okay. I was wondering if we was gonna get that. Hmm. What you gonna do after that? Ah, so for me in this choreography. It's very catchy. I know y'all like Doug and I agree with you to Doug. I like that it's catchy because this right here with this beat that's really going right now. I just think about the layers, right? Concert. How, how would it be if I did this in concert and everybody in the audience can do the same thing that I'm doing, which could really market it more faster. Don't get me wrong. You get your real difficult choreography that make you go ooo and aah, but every once in a while you kind of build a choreography that is able to let everyone catch it. And choreographers, they know how to do that even myself. Like we, I don't know what I really call that. I just, I don't know if it's simplicity. You know what I'm saying? But for me is that I know when to make choreography where everybody can catch on to it and I can see people are like trying to redo it. And I have seen videos on here that people that are big fans of these groups that are redoing the choreography. So I'm just keeping that right now. Like how choreography is made with these groups. Who's the most difficult choreography and who has the most simpler, but still got that spice to it? That's my intake. Back to the video. Let's see what we got. That close, that close up was cool with the camera. He's doing that. He got a little more aggressive with the camera here since I don't know who's behind that camera. But that close up that is doing that kind of give you that feel of the arms. Mm hmm. Some of the things that I had to learn how to pay attention to. Okay. I ain't really care for that shot. Hmm. Okay. Okay. Hold on. Go back. Oh, I smile for you. Give my good side. I like that. So that choreography was definitely built for the camera. All that upper body movement right there. All that was just straight up a body. And then when they try to go to the ground, she just slid up with the group. Change the color. Okay. Hey. Swerve and there's that can go back to it. Hey. Okay. Now now it seems like the camera. Okay posing. Now it comes to the point where the camera work. It's a little more moving around. I was like, hmm. So if you look, look at it. Cameras started really get moving a little bit more. More effects. The shutdown boom boom. Look at that. Got all up in the close up.  White shot. I like that. I work with that. I work with that. Hmm. Let's go. Let's go. Okay. Okay. Hmm. Okay. Yeah, it's a lot of upper body work. So for me, I just the choreography is more focused on being up than being more down. So this was really built to really work that camera. It's really working that camera in the middle of the video. Hey, shout out to the choreographer. You know your mission.  Yeah. Not a lot of ground work on the ground. Everything is up. It's even you can even feel like the cameras like that too. Did she just say keep talking.  Was this a diss track? No, I was playing. Was it a diss track for real? I was the one. No, I was the one. No, but no, yes, black paint. What do you expect? I mean, my goodness. I think for me is that I what I like is this is with them. They really put that camera work attitude in there. Like you don't get them just kind of like just they kind of be like, no, come here. Come here. Bing, Bing in your face. Bing, Bing, Bing, Bing hands. But it's for me. It's like, I got to see some more now. Now I got to see a little bit more and I got to keep watching more like now because I want to see the ones where they get crazy with this and now where they not worried about having to catch a choreography with a choreography where they like catch up. That's why we want to see y'all know I'm here. I'm here for the dance always, but the beat by the way and like, yeah, this choreography one thing I respect about is that they work this camera. There was no time wasted with this camera. No time wasted. No time wasted. Like that's that's that's working in the industry. They be like, that's how you work the mother.  That's for real because a lot of people don't. And that's a big deal. That plays a part of the texture of the dancing. If they have asked this, no one is going to like this choreography. So look at them going to work the grooves and moving the smile, the attitude, the boom, like all that plays a part of the choreography. We're talking about layers. Okay. Layers everything you need to work every time I get that camera close. You better know what you're doing as a director. Like you got to know what you're doing. You got to know that cameras always there. So you better be careful. Yarn it in the piece. Cut somebody sneeze do it over again. That plays a part.  They just be like, there's nothing. There's no expression. There's no. You got to have that. So that's why I like black paint. No matter what, every time you look at a certain angle, everybody is working the camera. Everybody got the attitude. They turn to come back. Boom. I'm here now. What's up with a shutdown? That's why I like that. So listen y'all. I appreciate y'all. You won't be if you want more black paint, you know what to do.  All right, but I love and appreciate y'all more videos on the way. I see y'all soon. Peace.


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Good morning, everyone. Good morning to all of you. On Monday, I was lucky enough to meet incredible people at the first line of the mass vaccination campaign in Montreal. Whether it be pharmacists who kept the doses at the right temperature or nurses who administered the vaccines, it was remarkable to see everyone working as a team. The vaccination center was impressive, and together, we will make sure that as many people as possible are protected as quickly as possible. Vaccines are the path out of this pandemic, and that's why securing doses and getting them to the front lines is my number one priority. Yesterday, you may have heard that the White House is talking about sending Canada one and a half million doses of AstraZeneca. We're finalizing an agreement with this, on this with the American administration as we speak. This is something that Minister Anand and I have raised a number of times with the President and his team. We're working closely and very well with the Biden administration on many fronts, including vaccines. I want to thank President Biden for his collaboration. Canada and the U.S. are each other's closest friends and most important allies, and I know we'll continue to keep Canadians and Americans safe, beat this virus, and rebuild strong, thriving economies together. All vaccines approved in Canada are safe, and you can receive them in full confidence. It's true for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen. Yesterday, Health Canada participated in a meeting of the European Medicines Agency during which it was confirmed that AstraZeneca's vaccine is safe and effective. The best vaccine for you is the first one you're offering. These vaccines will help you stay safe and protect those you love. We've already delivered over 4.7 million vaccine doses to the provinces and territories. And this week, we got more good news about shipments from Pfizer. Last Friday, I said that we would have a million new Pfizer doses every seven days between March 22nd and early May. Well, yesterday, we confirmed that we will continue to receive over a million doses a week through to the end of May. Everyone who wants to will be fully vaccinated by the end of September, as we've been saying for months. Yesterday, we also approved the deployment of the Canadian Armed Forces to Northern Manitoba in order to help roll out vaccines in First Nations communities that are otherwise hard to reach. This is about working in partnership with First Nations on their efforts to get as many people vaccinated as soon as possible. The Armed Forces are currently doing detailed planning of the deployment for up to 23 communities in Northern Manitoba. Again, I want to thank all of our members of the Armed Forces who step up time and time again to keep Canadians safe. To end the pandemic, to rebuild following the global economic crisis, we all have to work together. Yesterday, I spoke with the Director-General of the International Monetary Fund, Kristalina Georgieva, about the economic recovery at the global scale. We have to rebuild, and we have to do it in a way that benefits everyone, including and above all, the most vulnerable. Director-General Georgieva and I have discussed the annual FMI report, which highlights the positive and concrete effects of our actions to support Canadians through this crisis. Wednesday, I also spoke with the Prime Minister of Italy, Mario Draghi. Our two countries are long-term partners linked by our populations and our values. Canada welcomes with enthusiasm the leadership of Italy in the framework of its presidency of the G20 of this year. The Prime Minister and I have, among other things, discussed measures aimed at allowing families and companies to think through these difficult times. And of course, we also talked about the importance of vaccination, in order to ensure the security of Canadians, Italians and people around the world. Vaccines and programs like the Canadian Economic Relance help people stay healthy and safe. But they also need access to safe and affordable homes. Last year, he reminded us how important it is to have a roof over his head. But for too many people, it's not something they can hold back. Since 2015, we've made historic investments in housing from coast to coast to coast. And last year, when the pandemic hit hard, we knew that we had to do even more and faster. And that's why we invested a billion dollars in the new Rapid Housing Initiative to quickly create homes right across the country. At the time, this investment was for 3,000 units. Well, earlier today, Minister Hussain had some great news to share. We're not just going to meet our targets, we're going to exceed it. The Rapid Housing Initiative will now mean over 4,700 more homes, almost 40% of which will be for Indigenous people. This is about more than just a roof over someone's head. It's about hope, it's about a brighter future. Just take what an affordable home has meant for a single parent like Sabrina from Peterborough. Thanks to the local Habitat for Humanity condo development and the funding they received from the federal government, she's able to raise her kids in the good, safe place they deserve. Rebuilding after the pandemic is to ensure that everyone in Canada has the necessary tools to succeed. Our plan will help more families to buy a house. It will contribute to creating a million jobs for the workers of all ages. And our plan will allow all Canadians to make a strong return to a better future for the people of the United States. Finally, let me say a few words about Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig. Michael Spavor's hearing took place earlier today. The court has not yet pronounced a verdict. Michael Kovrig's hearing is scheduled for Monday. Let me be very clear. Their arbitrary detention is completely unacceptable as is the lack of transparency around these court proceedings. Our top priority remains securing their release. We will continue to work tirelessly to bring them home as soon as possible. I want to thank our many, many international partners, friends and allies for their solidarity and support. Going forward, we will continue to be in close contact with the families during this difficult time. To their loved ones, know that today and every day, Canadians are with you and thinking of both Michaels. Merci beaucoup.


So gentlemen, thanks so much for coming on the show and answering some pretty tough questions in a really junk market. Let's take some questions and get out of here. It is Friday, the weekend is here. Stop looking at your portfolio. It was much better things to do. Okay, so here we go. This is just some comments I found on the stream. My biggest mistake is not buying Bitcoin sooner. I think we can all say that. Even some of us who have been here since 2014, like then. I'm sure you would have liked to buy Bitcoin a lot sooner and a lot more. 90% cash, that's a lot. 9% Bitcoin, 1% ETH, 1% SOUL. I mean, what do you think of that? Cash is too heavy. That's pretty damn heavy in cash, yeah. Yeah, I mean, just do an EV calculation. Look at where names were even 30, 40 days ago versus where they are today and look where they were a year ago and do the math. How much more downside is there? Calculate the PE ratio of stocks. Look at some of the names out there that are very well adopted or at least just park your cash in Bitcoin. Like Bitcoin, yes, it could go back to 22K or it could hit 22K, it could hit 25K again but every time it does, we see the money flow in and it gets bought up. In fact, I was very pleased to see, I think it was at last note chart that retail investors have bought heavily over the last week and it's normally the whales jump in there and grab it but it's good to see retail getting some too. Yeah, I saw, yeah. Ben, you had that video, I think it was this morning, like I think you'd recorded like super early but it was about, it wasn't whale games, it was something about whale and you talked about the different whales from like 103 down to 164 that were like accumulating massively but then you also showed the other side where there was some whales that were doing some pretty dumb things but what do you think about 90% cash on the sidelines? I'll say this, I like their conviction. I don't like, it's hard for me to, first of all, I would say it's probably a bit too heavy at the same time, like I'm gonna sort of contradict myself like I don't think that 25K is the bottom. It's easy, you know, I mean, but the bottom might not be for a few more months for all we know, you know, I don't think 25K is the bottom. There's a lot of indicators. Again, you know, don't take it out with me, take it out with the data. I've got about 40 indicators that suggest we could go lower. Doesn't mean we have to, but we certainly could. So if you think it's gonna go lower and you have that conviction, I don't think there's anything wrong being heavy cash. It might be a little too deterministic to be 90% cash because as I think an investor should always hedge against being wrong and being 90% cash might be a bit too much.  So, you know, I mean, what else is there to say, right? I just think it's gonna go down.  I mean, 1% isn't a lot. So I'm not gonna criticize you too much on it. Gotcha. Yeah. So 200 week is a sweet spot to buy. Also, Ben is fine watching the world burn. Interesting. Let's see. And then of course, this is from, are you still DCing or holding for now? So I gotta tell you, like I'm still DCing. I'm still DCing Bitcoin, Ethereum, a little bit more Bitcoin. And actually I'm taking some lead off of Ben from his website, great website, where you can actually find these risk factors. And we're talking about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 as they go down. That's what I'm pretty much looking for. So I'm probably just gonna stick it out with Bitcoin. Also, I gotta do some renovations on a sports facility of ours. So I'm taking out just cash, cash, but that's just another thing that I gotta do. Denim says, we are so early. I believe that. And then this is a great one. Please thank Ben and James from me. They discussed safer stable coins two weeks ago that made me change my UST to USDC and save me from losing an upsetting amount. Thanks for all sharing knowledge. So gentlemen, thank you so much for doing those types of things and talking about that. And then yeah, USDC. And let me just, okay. And we'll finish up with the last couple of ones. We'll get out of here. Skinny Jean, man bun, George. Thank you so much. What are your thoughts on buying Solana at 50 bucks? I think we know Ben's answer. James, what do you got? Again, it's a very nervous time for the next two months. What I'm doing is literally, my goal has been for the longest time, I said it a thousand times on my channel is to equate the size of my ETH bag and my Sol bag. Right now it's about 15% ETH, 5% Sol because Sol has fallen faster than ETH. But I think on a relative term basis, if you go to your pair and pull up a Sol ETH pair, you will see that it really did bottom out at 0.02. And that's when I swapped some ETH for Sol to try and equate the bags. Now, if that ratio goes up to 0.026, 0.027, I might swap back and just play that. Again, as I mentioned, this is the market that you swing between your different assets, not necessarily by, but again, if you think ETH and DeFi is the future, everybody should have a little bit of Sol because it'll be one of those two that wins the day. Yeah, it just depends on when you wanna get into it. That's up to, that's for you to make those decisions you at home. This is something I didn't, wasn't aware about this. Can you please inform your viewers that LFG can't dump their ABACs because it's locked for one year. I know for, for, well, Ben, you've got an ABACs stake pool just like me. I think when you lock it up, you can, you can determine how long it's gonna be. And I think the max is of one year. Not for sure on that one, I'll have to take a look at that, but that's an interesting statement. Yeah, the lock that you put on it, so the longer you lock it up, the more, the higher the rewards your delegators can get. So I locked mine up for a year and actually it actually becomes unlocked in four days.  Gotcha. Yeah, I think mine's like next month or something like that. And then lastly, we'll get out of here. What's your take on grayscale? And there are apparent conversations with the SEC. Maybe some attraction is made. I'm gonna start off first. If this is for an ETF, I don't ever believe it until I see it. I've been here on ETFs since I got it in 2017. So anybody got anything to say? I think James, you're more of a hope master on ETF than I am. Yeah, so I said in my 2020 predictions, July was the month that I believe there is a chance of grayscale converting. And the reason for that is because the futures ETF typically comes out before the spot ETF in some cases for some type of assets. Second of all, they have the lion's share of Bitcoin or is it 650,000 Bitcoin? Third, Wall Street is putting the SEC under tremendous pressure to get this going. And then you've got a fourth, you've got firms like Fidelity that are making advances into making Bitcoin available through pension accounts. So again, all roads are boxing, he's the term again, boxing the SEC in to take action. They can't run away from this forever. And also Gary, you like to have Bitcoin trading at such a low price. It takes a lot of risk off of him too. If it's trading at an all-time high, no, he wouldn't run into approving the spot ETF. The fact that it's so cheap now on a relative basis, and he's a former MIT professor lecturing on Bitcoin, I think, I used to think there was a 60 to 80% chance that it would be approved in July. Now I'm thinking 50, 50. I like your style, James. Look, before year end, something has to give. It's too big an asset to ignore forever. And when you look at the other approvals that they do, it's ridiculous that this isn't already approved. Ah, gosh you. All right, so gentlemen, thanks so much. I just, let's leave it with this. Portfolio's not a good idea to watch them all the time. What are you guys doing this weekend? Ben, what'd you got, kids? Yeah, probably, yeah, my oldest kid has a soccer game tomorrow, so I gotta do that. Might take him to the pool this afternoon. I gotta go pick him up from the bus stop in like an hour or something. Let's get out of here.   We'll go back to risk on eventually, but don't lose all your cash buying the altcoin dip. Perfect. James, what you got this weekend? Do a little gardening, maybe, and I'll be here. Nice. Creating content, so that's it. Creating content and get out. All right, gentlemen, thanks so much. Remember there's links in the description for both these guys, gentlemen's YouTube channels as well as their Patreon and their website. I recommend both. And that's it. Thank you so much for stopping by. I do appreciate everybody. Thanks so much. See you guys on the next one. Adios.