And we're honored to have with us the youngest member of the World Economic Forum here in Dalian. Her name is Isabel Weissen. She's from Bali, and she has a very compelling story of grassroots leadership to share with us today about plastics and plastic waste. Isabel, would you please come to the stage? So to start us off today, I'd like to invite everybody to join me on a little exercise. On the count of three, I want everybody to take a deep breath in. One, two, three. Take a deep breath in, and another deep breath in, and out. Now, I like to do this for two reasons. The first, because it's a nice way for me to calm the butterflies on stage, but the second is because yes, every first breath we take comes from the forest, from the trees and from the green. But it's also a nice reminder that every second breath we take comes from the ocean. My name is Isabel. I'm 16 years old, the co-founder of Bye Bye Plastic Bags and an environmental activist since the age of 10. I was born and raised on the island of Bali in a house 100 meters from the ocean, so as you can imagine, it's always had a huge influence over myself. And clearly it's had an impact on everyone if it contributes to over half of the oxygen we breathe. But not only that, studies have also shown that people are happier when they are near, surrounded by or in the ocean. And so you can ask yourself the question now, if our oceans are so important to us, why do we treat them so badly? I'm sure we've all seen the pictures of beaches overflowing with plastic waste, and sadly this is the harsh reality for my home island of Bali. No matter where you go, whether you're walking by a river, on the beach, in the mountains, on the side of the road, the plastic is always there. You cannot escape it. And I do recognize that this is not only an issue in Bali, it's a global problem. There's a fact that says that by the year 2050, there's going to be more plastic than fish in our oceans. That's an hour lifetime. Now let that sink in. If we look at the numbers, about 80% of the plastic waste you find in the oceans actually come from land. And in Bali, currently only 5% of that waste is being recycled. And so six years ago, my sister, Malati, who cannot be here today and I, we asked ourselves the question, okay, what can we do to help solve this problem? And so after doing a little bit of research, we found out that 40 countries around the world at the time had taken their stance against plastic by saying no to the single-use plastic bag. And so in our 10 and 12-year-old minds at the time, we thought, hey, if they can do it, come on Bali, we can do it too. And so we founded Bye Bye Plastic Bags, which today is an official NGO run by young people on the island of Bali to say no to single-use plastic bags.  I always like to think of Bye Bye Plastic Bags as a little bit of my life school, right? It's taught me things and skills that a normal textbook could have never been able to teach me. And some of these lessons I want to share here today. And the first one being it's all about the team, or as we like to use fancy words here, human capital, right? And this one we learned pretty early on. Yes, we did start at the beginning with just the two of us, my sister and I. But soon enough, Bye Bye Plastic Bags grew into a huge movement where locally today we have over 20 volunteers helping on a daily or weekly basis and up to 350 volunteers in our global teams, which brings us to lesson number two. Think outside the box. We constantly had to ask ourselves, okay, how can we overcome our challenges or obstacles in a creative way? How can we do things differently, uniquely, especially with a just do it mentality of young people? And so the story I like to attach to this is Bali's biggest cleanup. Now, at this point in our timeline, I think we were three years into campaigning and we realized we were losing slowly the momentum of the people. And so during one of our team meetings, we had a discussion on how could we get everyone on the island involved again? And somebody raised their hand and in a quiet voice, they said, hey, I have an idea. Why don't we organize Bali's biggest cleanup ever? And so within six weeks, we were able to organize the first one. But since then, for the past three years in February, we have been able to mobilize over 45,000 people in 325 different locations on the island and have collected over 135 tons of just plastic waste. Another story that we like to add to this lesson is mountain mamas. Now, we always get questions like, okay, if we're saying bye-bye to plastic bags, right? What alternatives are there to use? And so as a younger generation, we saw this as an opportunity to create mountain mamas, which is a social enterprise that empowers local women in the mountains of Bali to make alternative bags from pre-loved material. It's everything we love. But the thing that makes this enterprise so special is that we pay every woman individually for the bag that she makes, which works really well in the Balinese culture because it allows the woman to take ownership over their own working hours as well as their own income. Now, after we purchase the bags from the women, we sell them at a higher retail price and 50% of the profits actually go back into this community, not the women. Why? Because this ensures to create a better education, healthcare, and a better waste management system, which often lacks in rural and isolated communities in Bali. And so the system becomes a little bit circular, right? The only way to go. But of course, through our campaign, we have experienced many challenges, right? There's been many ups and many downs, one of them being that we are young people. And although we are seen as an inspiration, our age group is sometimes not taken very seriously. Sometimes this goes hand in hand with working with politicians. You know, we say it's a little bit like dancing with them. You take three steps forward, and then two steps backwards, and the cycle starts all over again. But I think the most common and one of the biggest challenges we've had to face is the need to see a change in consumer behavior and producing. It's the need to see a change in mindset and creating the new norm, which has proven to be difficult in history. But I think as consumers, we all have the responsibility to ask ourselves two questions when buying a product. The first one is, where does it come from? And the second is, where does it go? And if you can't answer one of these two questions, the truth is you probably shouldn't buy the product. But these questions, of course, also go to the producers. They have to be aware and responsible about where their resources come from. And in my eyes, I think they have the most responsibility here. But does this mean that we can't produce anymore? No. And does this mean that we have to say no to all plastics? No. But I do believe that we can say no to those single-use items. I mean, it is 2019, right? We're seeing here at this meeting alone that the creativity, innovation, and technology is here to show that solutions are just around the corner. More and more, these bigger corporations are understanding the importance and the value of changing their sourcing and materials. Many years ago, the three Rs were hot and to the point, right? Reduce, reuse, and recycle. But in today's climate, I think we have to add two new Rs. The R of refuse, for example, saying no to single-use plastics, and the R of replace. Once again, sourcing materials differently at the source of a production. And of course, lastly, personally, I have faced some challenges. Being the age of 16 and having started at the age of 10, it was sometimes hard to keep on going, right? But I think throughout it all, the support of our team has always been there. And so I cannot stress enough that you cannot do it alone. No matter how great of a leader you are, or how great of an idea you have, you will always need the support of your team in order to move your idea into a reality. But I think all of these obstacles and all these challenges has really led up to us learning lesson number three, which is persistence and commitment are key. I think this was probably the most important lesson we could have learned. And I'm sure to all the parents in the room, it's probably the hardest lesson to teach. It's that no matter how hard it gets, you have to keep on going. You have to go the extra mile to make sure what you committed to actually happens and follows through. Now, after six years of campaigning with our internal team and various other organizations on Bali, we realized that this lesson really did pay off. Even through a change in leadership from the old governor to the new governor, we were able to stay persistent with our message of making Bali go plastic bag free. And something very exciting to announce, all of this hard work resulted in an announcement in December of 2018 of Bali going plastic bag free, which was finally implemented on June 23rd of an island wide ban on plastic bags, straws and styrofoam. Yes, we did it. We did it and we could have not been more excited and to have had the help and the support of the Indonesian and Balinese government. As you can see here, both the old and the current governor of Bali. But as young change makers, we believe that change happens in the classroom. We have spoken to over 50,000 students worldwide. And of course, speaking on stages like the UN or today here at the World Economic Forum and being recognized by Forbes and CNN have definitely been a few of our highlights as well. But I think through our years of campaigning, we have learned that we are not alone, right? Youth are rising everywhere in every corner of the world. We are standing up for issues that are not a thing of the future but are currently happening today, issues that are occurring as we speak.  Whatever your passions are, we are seeing young people standing up for what they think is right and for what they believe in. Young people are demanding change because we realize that we don't have the luxury of time anymore to wait for someone else to make that difference. And we see this especially after when we were two years into our campaign, when other young people heard about our story, they got inspired and they reached out to us saying, hey, can we start up a buy my plastic bags back where we come from? And so today you can find us in over 45 different locations all across the world, all led by different young people, whether they are in middle school, high school, or university students. And now you might be asking yourself the question of what's next, right? Well, after this ban was in place, we know that just because the regulations are there and the policies are there, it does not mean that the work is done. It means that we have to work harder to ensure that these policies are really implemented and enforced into the community. But looking a little bit further down the line, our team is very excited to announce this as we have been working on it under wraps for a couple of years. But in the next two months, we are hoping to launch our next project. Introducing Youth Topia, where we aim to create spaces, platforms, and a headquarter for young people to come together and connect. We hope because in Youth Topia, we believe that empowered young people accelerate change that can address and solve the current and relevant issues of today's world. It is very much inspired by the SDGs, and so it will not only encompass solutions to problems of the environment and plastics, but hopefully every world issue as well as peer-to-peer learning. So we hope to connect those who want to become change makers because we know that every young person can become a change maker, but not every young person knows how. And so we hope to give them the tools to grow their skills and to ignite their passions and to bring those incredible young people alongside those who are already on the front lines of change together to really create the solutions to collaborate and to work together, because that is the only way that we can create real change. And I want to leave you on this note, ladies and gentlemen, do not forget that us kids may only be 25% of the world's population, but we are 100% of the future. Thank you. So thank you, Isabel, for an incredibly inspiring talk, and it can tell that you have been doing this for at least six years already, but perhaps more than a third of your lifetime, so you are getting very good at it. Thank you. And I think many of us in the audience, we have children, and I think the first time I watched you, I had to think of my own kids, and I thought, I know they have that sort of passion, they want to do something. So your idea to start this youth topia, I think is a very, very interesting suggestion. And my first question is, where do we sign up? Where should I tell my kids to go to start to engage, and how can they benefit from this? So youth topia hopefully will be launched in the next two months, so we don't have a digital or online platform just yet. December, sorry, September is the first course that we are opening up to, to have our first youth topia course online, which is very exciting. And I think, you know, that will definitely be launched through our buy by plastic bags platforms in the current moment. So if you are interested or want your kid to be a part of it, I think that's definitely at this current moment where I could direct you towards. Great. Thank you so much, Isabel. Let's hear it up one more time for Isabel. Thank you. So I would now like to invite two more guests to the stage. One is Mary Ng, the Minister for Small Business and Export Promotion of Canada. And please come on, stand up. And the other one is Jonathan. Jonathan, sorry, pen rice. Pen rice of Dow Chemical, who is the chair of the Asia Operations of Dow Chemical. Please. Got the right seats. Yes, I think so. So we've got here an activist, a young activist, and we have here a business leader, and we have here a government representative. So I think we're fairly balanced on the stage here. And I think I'd like to start with business. We've just heard from Isabel from a young activist. John, what does business do about the plastic problem? A couple of points. I mean, first, Isabel's speech makes me fundamentally optimistic that we have a large problem. But with the passion that we can show, not just with the youth, but in government and in also the business community, we can solve it. But there's a big but here. We have to collaborate. We need the activism from the youth. We need the business community and the financial resources there. And we need the cooperation of government. Only by coming together are we going to have a chance to solve this. We have 93% of all plastic waste going through 10 rivers in Asia and Africa. So although it's an ocean problem, it's actually a river problem. And that requires action in infrastructure. So waste collection infrastructure. It requires education. It requires innovation. And we can talk a little bit more about some of the things we're doing in business to bring innovation. And then it requires the activism of cleanup. So we need to mobilize our own employees in now the alliance that we're part of and we're forming. And I'll talk more about that. But just generally in the community is getting everybody to appreciate that this is an issue and start to participate by cleaning up. You just mentioned this alliance. I thought that sounded exciting. Is that an alliance of businesses that want to do something together? Can you explain more about that? Yes, I think in business we wanted to make this actionable. And we realized that as single companies, we couldn't do this on our own. And we needed to find a mechanism to mobilize venture capital and entrepreneurs locally to be able to drive change. And so 30 of the largest global companies in this space came together, several of them in the room. And we formed the alliance to end plastic waste. And this is an alliance that has created a fund, $1.5 billion, so real money. And that fund will be made available to entrepreneurs. So anybody who has a project and maybe Utopia can start to come with projects here to say, we have an idea, we'd like to get it funded because we don't have the on the ground resources to be able to solve this. So we want to mobilize the local communities to be able to do not just pick up, but actually entrepreneurial things that puts a value on plastic. Plastic is an incredibly valuable material. We dig it up from the ground, we create value for it, it has value. So if I use an analogy of the aluminium cans and the way that those cans have been eliminated as a waste issue, there was money put on the can. So the can now gets picked up, it gets collected, it gets recycling. That whole infrastructure of recycling needs to be developed for plastics. It doesn't exist today. Well, it does, but it's in a very, very primitive form. If we put a value on something, economics will take care of it and eventually we will solve this problem. Now, it's complex, but the Alliance is very committed to doing that. We are launching this year. That fund will be active by September and we'll actually be able to start dispensing funds to entrepreneurs who can start to make a difference rather than we just talk about it. The other major piece we're doing is talking to governments. So also the WEF has the Global Plastics Action Partnership. We are engaging on governments because many of the governments just don't have the infrastructure that First World governments have. So particularly in Southeast Asia, they need help, they need help with education and they need help with just the basic infrastructure. So complex problem, but it's important we get action on this. Now, I'd like to move over to government. Mary, you're from Canada and maybe you can you first tell us a little bit about what's the Canadian government doing about this problem? Yeah, absolutely. I work in the administration of Justin Trudeau who's our prime minister and climate change in the environment very much is a commitment that we have made to the people of Canada and I will be very happy to also tell you know to tell Isabelle and everyone that Canada just a few weeks ago announced a ban on single-use plastics and we hope that we will get that done by 2021. So whether it is you know as you know as was said you know when you put when you put economics into it then then there are some sort of incentives that will that will create a change of behavior. So whether it's putting a price on pollution or putting a ban on single-use plastics or providing investments we have a hundred million dollar fund that is actually going to help the world that take advantage of how they will be able to get rid of you know plastics in you know in their you know in their countries. So we are contributing as we're doing our bit at home but we're also contributing internationally as well. The other piece that is really sort of simpatico as I hear as I hear you speak is the work that we have been doing to incent for solutions. So clean tech solutions you know the government of Canada has put out a venture capital fund same kind of idea that is going to fund for solutions by companies by startups and by those who are creating solutions that is going to take plastic out of the current system. Find solutions that is going to you know that's going to reuse and create sort of that circular the circular use of it. In fact I have a you know a Canadian entrepreneur and you know I'm here at Web so I can't you know I can't lose the opportunity to plug a Canadian entrepreneur but ERS fuels who makes these things. This is made out of plastic. It takes plastic out of the you know out of out of use but it is also a fuel source so this is intended to also be the replacement to coal. So this is one type of a company or another company in Atlantic Canada that is just created in entire construction an entire house out of plastic. So the ability to be able to incent our private sector to come up with solutions that's going to take plastic out of our system but at the same time be able to find solutions that will also reduce the use of as in the case of banning single-use plastics is what we are doing some of the things that we are doing as a Canadian government. Thank you very much Mary and you know what I find personally so exciting about the whole plastics discussion is the way from very quickly I think only a couple of years ago many of us weren't thinking about this apart from Isabel of course but now we are sitting together and there's so much interest also in this room here you know for for finding solutions to this problem you know and I think governments around the world and companies around the world are all keen to to do this so there's a lot of a lot of energy here and and you know maybe I'd like to go back to you Isabel knowing that there is so much interest what would you like to see more of among this community? Yeah I definitely think you know as you mentioned before I think collaboration is key right everybody has something unique to bring to the table the youth you know with their activism and their creative ways of thinking you know the industry with their solutions and their technology and the government as well with their support of you know the platform and so I think even more if you're looking at other parts of the puzzle there's not only one solution right of course the short term solution is you know turning off the tap and saying no to those single used plastics but in the long term it's making sure that we are using plastic in a responsible way and stopping this mass consumerism mindset that we have to it and so I think definitely in the future in order to create you know a sustainable system in which we use our resources we definitely need to collaborate with each other and I think we can all agree that there definitely needs to be a change in mindset. I love what the youth are doing though the youth and Isabel what you are doing I see that in Canada as well I travel and visit schools all across you know all across you know in my own community that I represent but the Prime Minister has a youth council and that advises him very particularly on the issues that matter to him and I can tell you the environment climate change is absolutely right up there at the top so thinking about how we work as government together with private sector but also also our young people how we can actually drive for that change through those collaborations and through the right investments and harnessing the power of the private sector and the collaborations with corporates I think excuse me I think is um is where we need to be charting the road into the future. I think Isabel also makes a great point on using the right material for the right use so we also have to be a bit careful here of the overall sustainability including also carbon because you know you got things like food waste you know 30 percent of food waste globally if we stop using plastic in some of those areas we'll increase food waste and then we'll increase carbon so carefully assessing which material is used which application and then figuring out how we dispose and reuse is a science in itself and it is pretty complex but you can have some perversive incentives here you know where you ban one thing and then create a a worse problem somewhere else so you know life cycle analysis is really quite a complex tool there aren't enough people doing those analysis because it really is if you do it properly it is a pretty complicated analytical tool so if we if we look at this holistically what is the right material to use for the right application then we're going to use plastics in the right places and other materials where that's more sustainable sustainable option yeah thank you you know one thing comes to mind is that China has recently started an import ban on on waste and also including plastic and that's had a lot of repercussions around the world and some governments complained about the fact that it was introduced so quickly and that it gave little time for for people to adjust and and I guess personally I'm also working for an environmental NGO I do worry sometimes that perhaps waste that's destined that's traveling around the world inadvertently ends up in the ocean doesn't really get treated properly and so this is this is something that in a way is good you know when China says no to this everybody wakes up to the reality that so much of this waste has been shipping around the world and that actually creates a lot of risk inherent in the system so I think we've had quite a bit of words from the panel I'd like to open up to the audience we've got a roaming microphone is there anybody who would like to interact or has has good ideas for how we can move forward on this thank you my name is Tetsuji Iida I'm a science news writer best in Tokyo I'm reporting him but I'm quite a long time recently I'm a plastic news writer sorry I couldn't quite hear what my name is okay my name is Tetsuji Iida I'm an environment news writer based in Tokyo and in these days I'm plastic news writer and my question goes forward to the minister from Canada the one of the good things and bad things of plastic is too cheap too cheap plastic is very cheap do you have any incentive systems or policy to make alternative products make more competitive with budget plastics yeah you know one of the things that you know we are taking is that we know that we know that the you know the production of you know the production for plastics is you know is hydrocarbon and we have put a price on pollution in Canada and and as a way of encouraging companies to be able to take their own climate action because it's going to cost them I mean you know to you know to produce so that's one of the things that we're doing by way of you know by I think your phrase was if you if you implement something where the you know where there is an economic impact then then it does in fact incent and change and modify behavior let's see more hands who else wants to contribute I see one hand over here too maybe you can both go ahead and ask and then we can respond in one go okay so my name is David David Wang from a builder as a Swiss company we heavily certainly working a lot on you know putting interest in really in our innovation interest in this plastic thing one question probably to you know Jonathan probably you will be as a corporation you know I would say the global leading corporation a chemical side do you guys think of any technology roadmap for example you know biodegradable or whatever try to drive this in a given time and see or align with any other you know sort of you know agencies you know companies to drive the progress I mean more from technologies you know point of view you have any insights about that we'll take that one okay yet let me um let me talk about some of the um the innovations that we are looking at and this is partly as Dow but also the alliance members are doing similar things um so that the first of which is can you get another life from plastics so um we're finding no applications now like your little brick but do we have um we have now a construction brick which you can um shred mechanically shred the the plastic reconstitute it um and actually make a um a brick and we built a house in Brazil with these bricks um another example we've just finished our first one kilometer of um road so replacing bitumen with plastic um and using that to be able to bind together the asphalt and laying that down in um we built a road in Thailand so that's not fully circular so we're using one application of plastic finding another um the other the other piece and it's a longer term piece but it's it's probably the ultimate solution is around feedstock recycling which is taking that plastic all the way back into a material that we can then start again and get the the loop to be fully circular um so you know innovation is going to be a very very important part of this um mobilizing technology obviously from our own type of companies big companies around the world but also from from startups you know so we're going back to this idea of the funding you know if people have great technology ideas um you know what is it that can help to make plastic circular um so you know technology will definitely be one of the um the contributory um solutions to this sorry I I want to follow up on on that one with a question so I've heard that some plastics when they are called biodegradable or whatever that they actually end up uh breaking down but they break up break into these micro uh plastic particles is that true for for all biodegradable plastics or are there any technologies for plastics that don't have that um property yeah the a couple of um confusing words we throw the word bio out there so there's two two bios was biosourced and if you if you create a biosource plastic it really doesn't make any difference to the the the waste issue because you know where it came from it's still a piece of waste plastic um the the other issue is the one you refer to when you have biodegradability um and by the whole nature plastic if you want to create a plastic film for a piece of food um you don't want it to degrade um and so the the the dilemma here is if you make it biodegradable um you end up almost making the problem worse because you can't control the rate of died biodegradability um and the pace at which it biodegrades so there may be some technology that comes along that allows you to be very specific but at the moment biodegradability is is is probably not an easy answer to the the problem all right so biodegradability is uh yesterday um who else has a question thank you Douglas McCauley I'm a professor of ocean science at the University of California Santa Barbara it sounded like there's some interesting things happening on the R&D side for circularity and some really great policy actions I I uh celebrate and uh and applaud Canada's leadership a question on the government side for promoting this kind of move for new innovation and innovation towards circularity some really exciting things pulling levers to help reduce use of single-use plastics what kind of levers can governments pull is Canada considering for promoting circularity or for actually accelerating some of this innovation that sounds like it's happening inside labs of industry to get us new materials and get us to do structures that help facilitate onboarding of this circularity so for government it's being able to provide an environment that allows for an acceleration of these kinds of collaborations and partnerships in fact Canada is hosting the world's circular economy conference in 2020 it's where the world can come together and we can actually look at what we are doing in other jurisdictions to tackle the issue of uh you know of plastics in our you know in our society but it really is being able to bring sort of some of the very best brains and some of the very best solutions that could potentially come together but the way we've sort of done this is that um you know part of it is putting bands in place or putting a hundred million dollar fund to help developing countries also tackle the issue of plastics prohibiting microbeads in our toiletry so some of these are sort of the regulatory work that Canada has done the other part is very much creating the incentives that you know in clean tech so whether it is startups or whether it is collaborating with the corporates to really create that environment that enables for that kind of work to take place so you know we in the last five years have put over 800 million dollars in venture capital alone so it's government venture capital that actually is going to leverage private sector capital which now is made Canada the second um next to the US jurisdiction that has robust venture capital but some of this is going to go into those very innovations that is getting developed whether it be in our research institutions and universities or elsewhere where Canada is very open to collaborating with but I think being able to convene and have particularly a conference that we're hosting on the circular economy is creating that kind of environment for us to together tackle some of the some of these issues and in fact identify the opportunities so it's it's it's a suite of of interventions and actions but it really is about leadership and providing the context for business and others to take their part in it who else wants to to make a comment or ask just like to talk about the correct problem statement it's not a plastics it's the plastics of wits plastics it's not a devil we could not leave without plastics thank you if I can add on to that I think we definitely see you know how resilient plastic can be as a resource and how useful it can sometimes be but I think in in in the way that we are now especially in developing countries and in my home island of Bali you know one of the reasons why plastic is such a big problem is because we are not seeing a proper way for us to sustain sustainably process our waste right there is a lack of island wide or even nation wide facilities and infrastructure to deal with plastic waste which often forces the local people to either burn their waste bury their waste or just litter it right which which is quite that's when plastic really becomes the issue so yes for sure I definitely agree with you yeah that's an interesting point isn't it I mean the fact that governance is can be pretty weak in some countries and I can imagine perhaps in Indonesia people even though they know it's a problem it may be a problem to some and and not such a problem to others and so you know still so much of it ends in the ocean we've heard very conflicting statistics about how how much of the waste in the play in the ocean comes from China I work in China and it's confusing and so the Chinese government says no it's not that much and others say yeah you're like a third of the problem and so you get the finger pointing but I think they're in China they're ready to do something about it as well which is very encouraging and then I think the governance in China is relatively strong you know I could see major steps being taken in the next in the next year or two that's my prediction anyway I think this issue that Isabel raises though with the third the third world waste infrastructure is really the biggest problem here because you got you got two problems together which is education to know that you shouldn't throw the the plastic in the river in the first place and that's a social education program that isn't easy but then you got the practical issue of there really is no waste collection infrastructure so in those kind of countries that's got to be the priority no for sure and if I can add on that you know if you think about it saying no to single use plastic bags you can make that change overnight yourself individually right it shouldn't take six years of campaigning for it to happen that's an insanely long amount of time but the reason that it took so long was definitely because we had a main focus on education and socializing within schools communities to really get the message out there to local communities to understand why these regulations needed to be put into place right because if you know the governor just says okay we have to ban plastic bags and the local people do not understand why then it will not be implemented and it will not be followed and so that's why we as you know a grounds up people movement really saw the value in doing those social awareness campaigns and education so yes good morning thank you very much for your discussion I want to ask about the psychology of tipping points because we've been emitting carbon for a long time then all of a sudden we are finding ourselves in a climate crisis we've been using single use plastics for quite a long time staring up cocktails without any moral dilemma until now and I was intrigued about Prime Minister Trudeau's youth council and I'm thinking what else can we do in society to make sure that this we don't get to these tipping points and I'm just thinking about the United Nations biodiversity report which maybe there are a couple of articles here and there but you know that when is that going to hit us in the face and how can we make sure that we are more systematic about dealing with issues as they as they emerge rather than when they become a crisis sorry I just wanted to point out that solutions are there so by myself are involved in two projects one to be the reverse engineering of plastics in back into original form to the field and the other one was to make create another different field on there so but what we come in is that you know although that Mr. Prendress is saying there is funds in there that there's recognitions in there we do not and we cannot identify those and as for the NGOs as well to come and actually see for themselves how these industry has changed and is able to give that change back to the community so there's that support there's lack there's a lack of support that I should say that from all the responsibles you know makers and breakers if you call them from those people that to come and support the industries that are actually finding solutions thank you so we have another minute or so I'll give one quick opportunity to respond to the last comments and I want to give a final word to Isabel it is maybe a comment on that and I think it's tying up the dots between entrepreneurs governments big business and trying to find better ways of communicating because I agree with you there are solutions out there the entrepreneurs out there there's goodwill there's money there's regulation there's youth activism but it's forums like this actually which we need more of so that actually there's a better connectivity yeah no for sure I want to echo off of that on my last note is definitely the the importance of connecting the dots and bringing everyone together right like you said there's a bit of lack of support for the industry and I feel you know often as young as a young voice and young representative there's sometimes a lack of support for the younger generation in a standing up and being part of you know forums like this and so on and I I can imagine that every different person has their own you know sort of setbacks and having said that I do want to ask a question really quickly to the audience is anyone here in the room under the age of 20 I think you know the answer already I didn't think so physically or mentally no but I just wanted to sort of highlight and leave you guys all with the you know the thought that when world economic forum reached out to us saying hey we would love to have you know you come to our annual meeting of the young champions to be the voices of the youth you know and I we absolutely jumped on the opportunity because we really believe in the importance of giving young people a seat at the table right and so hopefully next year I hope when I ask you know to a room full of people who's under 20 we have more than just me and we have an entire panel of young people and young voices really highlighted highlighted here at the conference because I think it's also more important than you know just being here for the three days or for you know the the days that you make those important decisions but it's really to allow us to be a part of the process and we see that you know with the world economic forum and their global shapers which are incredible but that's still above 20 and so we'd love to see next year's definitely the age you know being reduced and and to really bring in the the younger youngest generation so let's hear it up for Isabel one more time and our panel and thank you for your interest in the plastic revolution now let's keep it going


Hello, I welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question which says Given that E and F are events such that probability of E is equal to 0.6 probability of F is equal to 0.3 and probability of E intersection F is equal to 0.2 find probability of E upon F and probability of F upon E Let us first understand conditional probability. If E and F are two events associated with the same sample space of a random experiment, the conditional probability of the event E given that F has occurred that is probability of E upon F is given by probability of E upon F is equal to probability of E intersection F upon probability of F provided probability of F is not equal to 0 So this is a key idea behind our question We will take the help of this key idea to solve the above question. So let's start the solution Now we are given probability of E is equal to 0.6 probability of F is equal to 0.3 and probability of E intersection F is equal to 0.2 So we are given probability of E is equal to 0.6 probability of F is equal to 0.3 and probability of E intersection F is equal to 0.2 Now we have to find probability of E upon F and probability of F upon E Now according to our key idea We know that probability of E upon F is equal to probability of E intersection F upon probability of F Provided probability of F is not equal to 0. Now here we have probability of E intersection F is equal to 0.2 Probability of F is equal to 0.3 So probability of E upon F is equal to 0.2 upon 0.3 Now this is again equal to 2 over 3 Again probability of upon E is given by the formula probability of F intersection E upon probability of E Provided probability of E is not equal to 0 since probability of F intersection E is equal to probability of E intersection F therefore probability of F upon E is equal to 0.2 over probability of E which is 0.6 And this is again equal to 1 over 3. So we have probability of E upon F is equal to 2 over 3 and probability of F upon E is equal to 1 over 3 So this is the answer for the above question This completes our session. I hope the solution is clear to you. Bye and have a nice day


Welcome back to another Rig Review and today we're going to look at the Aisha Rig, here it is in its full glory, all the controllers and you can get it on Gumroad. You can see here it's $15 for the non-commercial version, full disclosure, I got this rig for free for review purposes and it will be posted on the AnimationBuffet site as well where you can find a bunch of other reviews and other rigs so if you have anything you want me to review take a look at, feel free to email me and it also supports the StudioLibrary so go to StudioLibrary.com, download all of this and you will get this beautiful selection of facial poses. Now when you get the non-commercial version you get this here which tells you what is included. Also use this email for any problems, I will put that in the comment section as well pinned and these are the credits, these are the same people who did the Aang Rig which was awesome so look forward to another fantastic rig. Coming back to the rig here we can see the main controller and on here you have all of these options here so we can scale the rig through that main controller there. You also have rotation order, you have spline IK, you have that, you can see this here. You have the IK FK-R, it's a little bit of a pop there and you got the legs switching over like that and the same thing left and right and you also have outfit 1 and outfit 2 so if I take off the controllers this is one outfit and then let's go back to the other one, there you go that is the other outfit. Pretty cool that's all part of the rig. Now let's check out this is your foot so as you can go down here you can see it moves the knee with it but you also have a pull vector do it like this, go back down. Now on the foot control classics you have scale which is always cool, watch out the sandals are a bit wonky but you can rotate and transit of course as you do.  You have a twist option here just in case you don't want to use the pull vector you have an auto stretch so if I grab that foot it's like this auto stretch it goes like that there's a manual stretch as well and then you have a foot roll option there's a foot roll limit and a foot bank and show pivots controller on off so turn this off you can see where that goes so if you get closer to this you can see here extra controller for this so you can see the flip-flop which is awesome also follow heel yes or no and then you have these guys here so you can pivot off of here you can pivot off of here it's awesome I love this I love that this is presented like that and since we don't have any shoes you can see here we have overall toe control and then you have two joints for the toes here we also have extra little controls for that which is cool same thing on this side and then same thing on here and selecting this gives you just that and a channel same thing for this we're always going to have to double check is there anything else in a channel that will help us moving up here you have bimbos on this side can we scale yes we can you have knee bimbos as well which also has the awesomeness of pinning so you turn that on and now you have a pin option which is very cool so you move the foot around the knee stays put love this going up here you got bimbos for the thigh and of course we have that on both sides switching quickly to leg fk you get this controller she does it here and you get this controller that moves it all here and of course here for your foot like that and then including the toes like this moving up here you have a couple controllers in here you have the kind of like the thigh shoulder you can move that out can you scale you cannot scale but you can rotate it around like this we also have the hip control so you can move it around like that there's nothing in the channels can you scale yes you can so you can change in however you want to and we got the root the gimbal option here but the root moves around like that can we scale we cannot scale just the roots going up here we have extra controllers for shaping the spine and you have also auto squash and stretch so if you go up here again you have this to move around not to scale but you go up here and move the chest up you got that which is locked to the head currently you can scale it of course then we have two press controllers here you can translate you can also scale use this of course appropriately and then as we go up we get to the lower neck function so that you can move the head around like this can we scale no scale there's a title arrow here and that gives you this which is one of my favorite controllers and I wish that every other rig had that as well it's sadly underused now before I go to the arms again if you select the main option down here you have your spine controls you can see this here it switches to this there's nothing else in the channels but you can move things around like that and you can also rotate around like this now going to the arms you got your clavicle control here you also have auto clavicle on off with a certain degree and then we have the fk option like that you can see this here you can break the rig like this or go like that nothing in the channels all the way down to the wrist where you can move it around like this now if i go back to this here and i switch to to ik we get this here so if you move this around you can see how much the clavicle is moving so that's your auto clavicle function right there now you also have bambos of course right here and you also have a pin function which is again awesome just like the knee and if you go in here you can see this here this is for the cloth and get back to visibility here that is your cloth option here which is very cool love all this and then back here you have your elbow control which you can then change if you go here you have your twist option or not you also have auto stretch and manual stretch of course and getting closer to this here you have your spread so if you want to not do this manually you have it like this you have the relaxed immediate relaxed pose option you have a scrunch which is like this you have a bend that's for the first joint you have a curl for all of them and then you have these also separately like that but of course you can also go in there and select these like such and rotate them like that that's all very cool all the way up to these guys for a palm rotation like that that's very cool i like it just quickly if we switch outfits to outfit number two you can see here so i'm gonna bring that up here you got this here you can see this these are the options for the clothing there and this goes all the way down to here which is very detailed i love this so you got your bracelets here your ankle ones and you got all of these so whatever you're seeing here you can animate all of this is the whole thing as a group that's very cool and if you look here it's the same thing for this so this moves all of them can you scale yes you can and you also have this here like i said scale all of them or move them separately i think that's very very cool she's very tense i should probably take this and bring it back down but let's go back i don't know i don't have to really go back but let's go switch back to the default that's what you get there of course arms same thing on both sides as it should be and then we have a neck offset so you can do this here also auto squash and stretch in here but again you can do this like that and then we get to the head control that gives you a pull like this and you have rotations can you scale yes you can massive head changes there give option here all the other stuff is in the channels then let me look around here you got this in your hair controls again lots of options here this is the ear this is the ear as well but then we get into the hair so you can take this and also scale so you can grab all of these like that and start scaling start moving so lots of options there that's pretty cool and since it's out there let's just grab the eyes you can move your eyes around like this you can see how much the lids are following which is pretty cool and you have eyes separately that's all you have on those channels or anything i wise you can do it oh like this i guess you can scale for that but you have extra controls on these ones so you can rotate the eye like that you have ira scale we you got pupil scale like that and also i follow so depending on how you're going to move these around you have options to minimize that amount there's a bigger eye control that moves the whole socket you can also scale that which is pretty cool and you have extra little controls here to reshape your lids if you want now if you select the top one here you can move this down for a blink that's all you have here there's no other option on that of course you can do this on both sides i have this in a pose already just because of the studio library but you can go down here and you have more skin control there including smaller fine-tuning controls that's pretty cool you got some lower lids kind of cheek control same thing here it's not quite cheek here but just lower and you can also translate like this and change things that's great when you have a smile so you have cheeks let's go to the actual cheek controls that is here including a scale of course ears on the other side as well and then we have a nose control where you can translate like that and then the lower part here you have that to rotate can we scale yes we can now if you grab this here and you move this around you can see how much of the nose gets influenced if you go back to here in the auto aim it does that so it kind of grabs that top part as well now you have nostril control right there which we can scale as well and you have nose ring option as well here same thing on the cheeks and since i'm seeing this here you have that to kind of reshape some options it's all be great if you can if you ever care to eat or something all the way let's go back here to the chin speak of chin you got this option here for the jaw so you open like that can we scale to some degree yes you can rotate and move everything around actually let me leave this a bit open so you can grab the mouth control like that you have finer controls of course like this you have an upper lip that you can move around you can also rotate in and out there's no scale though same thing for the bottom one you move like this same thing for that corner like that let me undo a bunch of stuff here and let's go back to this because there's the tongue control so on here you can move the whole tongue you can also move that all separately can you scale yes you can all right and then tooth control i'm assuming here yes you got the upper ones and then we got the lower ones and we have a scale option as well now since we're here you can see this with that pose dialed in let's go back a bit here close this you can move that whole lower part you can translate and you can scale it also has a middle option here to move this and scale and you have another one right there that moves the whole second half there and rotate and scale and the top one here you can scale this and move the whole upper part now going up here you have eyebrows like this you have a finer control of eyebrows like that of course again this is already posed because this is a library you have the bigger one that moves everything but you still have a separate one that takes this together all the way down to fine control this is also one right there what i'm not seeing actually right now just double checking here if i see something no i don't see a facial squash and stretch some of these sometimes have a control up here i go to my drawing tool so there will be a control up here sometimes up here where you can grab this and it will squash and stretch the head kind of a bummer the rig is already super cool i would love to see this unless you want to go in there and kind of manually do something where you do it like that but i think an overall overriding squash stretch option would be really cool that is that going up here again it's quickly you got a gimbal and you got your cog master chest and parent option depending on how you rotate the head it's going to change certain things so if i rotate this like that you can select this and go master chest and parent so you can see all these options there and let's go back back to another outfit just in case doesn't change anything in terms of the hair no oh it changes that in terms of outfit has no controllers though there are no options on this here to move this around here yeah the only thing i would say is squash and stretch would be neat there's already a bunch of really cool stuff on there i think adding that to the repertoire would be really cool all right posing this out here there's actually something that i totally missed so when you go back to all the controllers here i totally missed but she controls you can move them around you can scale up and down i totally missed those two so i double checked again that's the only thing i missed and that's kind of that for the rig so as you can see it's fun to pose out lots of cool controllers don't forget you have a studio library lots of great facial expressions and that is that so if you like these kind of overviews feel free to subscribe so you don't miss any of those other rig reviews or whatever lectures that i have on my channel as mentioned before any questions about the rig there is an email you can contact and that is that thank you for watching and hopefully i'll see you in another rig review or another movie that upload on my channel thank you


I can't come up with a list of reasons, why not? There's only, yes. This is a real thing that people do, like body painters and makeup artists, they like camouflage themselves into things. But when I do it, it's like funny and I'm losing my mind for some reason, I disagree. I'm just trying to be a creative lady, okay? Like, what the hell, man? I wonder what Jenna Marbles is up to these days. Why is it funny if I do it? But like, if a makeup artist does it, they're like, wow, this is spectacular. They deserve an award. Why can't I try stuff without, like people thinking I'm nuts. Is that the way that I'm saying it? Is that the way? But we're not just gonna do my face, okay?  And then I hope I can just like lay a blanket over me and I'll just, I'll be the chair. The first thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna get my hair out of the way. Timer, 10 years. Julian. I really love you for three days. Stop! No, we already have one going for 84 years and he just stopped setting timers for years in advance. Are you gonna like it? I just need to know if you're gonna like it. What does that mean? Like am I gonna find it attractive? Yeah. You wanna be around it? Yeah, are you gonna wanna be around it? Probably not at both. You know what?  I think you need to close your mind a little bit more. By the way, I think that the color of my hair is really pretty, do you? So you agree, it's like really pretty. Oh my, when you're not positive, someone's gonna compliment you, so you guide them into it. No. Step, step, step, step, step, step, step, step, step. Hold on honey, you need a touch-up. And action. Touch-up. Makeup artist that doesn't know what action means. And action. Okay honey, let's get right up here. I don't have any like bobby pins. That's Robert pins to you.  Your dress is in the form of a standard Robert pin. Oh, hold it for me. I was thinking of possibly just leaving the ear pieces on because I'm just gonna be a, I'm just gonna be a chair, so like I don't need ears. Yeah, you don't need ears, leave them on. Why should I go in my necklace on?  Get back here and show them.  But I'm not gonna be able to hear, so if I'm shouting. So it'll be just like normal when you. Can't achieve it. Boogie, boogie, boogie. I feel like that's good, right? Who is this bald beach? Smash or pass? Honestly, smash. No pass, pass. Smash. Now that we know what I would look like as the bald person, which is fabulous as hell. I am going to, I did pencil in my eyebrows to put some mascara on and I'm gonna take that off so I can glue them down. The real me has come out. Because my plan is to make my whole face and head white so then I can put the blue over it. And I hope that that works because there is no plan B, you know what I'm saying? Stop it. How's that look?  Just like right here. Yeah, I'll make sure not to stab you right in the middle of the ear. No, please. Show the camera.  I don't have anything to like blend this edge so I hope you guys appreciate the effect I'm going for without being a stickler for detail. Why did you just say that? I didn't say anything, you can't hear me.  I'm sorry, you look bored. Why? Oh, look at me directly please. Don't do that. Oh, there she is. Hi Sylvia. Hello. That's loud.  Give me a do some of the head. Yeah, go ahead. Try and bright like a diamond. That's not helpful. Ow, fuck, it was not my jaw.   Maybe I should try and put some yellow on. Is that a better color? Yeah, that's definitely more accurate for the couch.  Data. You do look like data. I think maybe some powder is going to help. Am I supposed to use a brush for this or? I feel like this doesn't look good at all. I don't look like a chair. Oh, it's actually, that's not too bad. Doesn't believe my feedback until she sees it for herself. So I'm gonna have to draw the lines where you have to pick a specific spot to be in. I have to pee first, honestly. So I'm going to be using Julian's phone. It's gonna go up to like my eyebrow, right? Yeah, I need the mirror a little bit. Does that look right? And then the line needs to go down to my neck, right? Yeah, to like the bottom of your chin. Uh-oh, what have I done? How's that, A for effort? Yeah, good.  Like that? Is that the right angle? Yeah, I think so, you're doing great. That's a perfect angle. Wow, that was nice. That's honestly so good. Does this, is this up a little higher? Well, maybe a little bit, yeah.  You did that though. Wait, but then there's one little peak up here still, right? Like one little, and then that's all blue. Yeah, you did a really good job. Did I though?  Well, how am I looking so far? You look like an X-Men that didn't quite make it. I really do look like an X-Men that hasn't quite made it. I'm gonna use my spatula and my colors here to try and create a beautiful, maybe blue on my hand. All right, so I've mixed to the best of my ability a batch of color that I think should be maybe okay. Oh, here we go. How am I looking?  Tell me I look like the Cheerio dream. I wanna sit on it. Oh, I look like an X-Men. Julian might adjust the white balance for me in post here so that it looks a little better. You a true magician, boy.  Hopefully that's enough to last through the rest of my dance. It's so weird just like sitting in this position for this long. Are you bored yet?  I'm just a chair out here, living my best life. I am a chair. Hey ladies. Yeah. I am a chair. Yeah. Hey ladies. Yeah. We're the fellas.  Jenna, what do you wanna be when you grow up?  Bitch, I wanna be a chair.  You said I could be anything. I wanted to be a chair. This is very difficult. Okay, the illusion is starting to come together. Is it? Yeah. What illusion? I am a chair. Halloween is quaking right now. You're not just going to like a Halloween party.  You be like, I'm a living room chair.  I look hot. What else do I need to do? Nothing. Put the mirror down. Wait, is that it?   Yeah, pretty good looking right now. Let's see what I look like.    Oh my God. What?   Did I do it? You did it, you did it. Yeah.  Right. That's Ariana Grande as a chair. Thank you.   It looks so good. Can I see what it looks like?  Wait, really? Can I see what it looks like? Oh, I look beautiful. I don't know where that noise is coming from. I'm hidden.  When people be making conversations you want no part of, get called for jury duty.  If he licks my face, I swear to God.  Oh, he likes the chair.  Close them? It looks funnier. Well, both, cause then you open and it was derpy.   Yeah, it was really hard. The hardest part was like drawing the lines and figuring out where it was gonna be. You don't know the answer, but the teacher makes eye contact with you.    I'm just out here trying to have a good time. Like, what's your problem?  Good times in TanaCon when people are like, where are we from? Hey chair, what should I do with this channel? Should I subscribe? Yeah, you can subscribe if you want to or just like violently smash that unsubscribe. What's the matter? You don't like chairs? Everybody likes chairs. Well, this was this. Larissa, I hope that you're happy. Thank you for treating this at me. I actually had a wonderful time. Contra, bye. I love you, wow. Like, it's weird because you moved to the left a little bit and you're just looking the same.  Wow, incredible, Jenna. The sky!  If you think I'm taking this off, you're dead. Fuck! Come on, let's go make dinner. No! Come on. Leave me alone. Coming for your chair, beach. Ain't nobody chairs safe, beach! Oh my God. Come this way, come love me. This is my nightmare. Yeah, give it. Sorry.


Shelly says, I'm giving, I'm a giving, caring, compassionate person, allowing those I choosing into my space, but it seems that my happy and expressiveness causes them to withdraw. I choose how much I invest than I withdraw myself. What is a way I can meet someone and not be so myself nice and friendly so I don't get steamrolled. So here's Shelly, I'd like to propose an idea for you right now. And the idea is that it's probably not that you're a happy person that's causing any kinds of problems in whatever situation that you're in. My guess is that it's something else. And so this is exactly what we're talking about before with the limiting beliefs.  Is that really what the problem is? And my suggestion is that it probably isn't. It's probably something else in that you start looking at some other things that are going on that might actually be the real problem.  And so I'd start looking at some other things that might be going on there that isn't about being happy and expressive and just start asking people about it just to ask people that you know like what do you think this might be? Because if you think that it's this but it's actually not that then it might be something completely different. Another thing that you've mentioned here is you say so I don't get steamrolled. And that's really interesting for you to say right after saying that it's the problem is that you're happy and expressive and then you're talking about getting steamrolled which isn't has nothing to do with being happy and expressive right? So being happy and expressive and getting steamrolled are two completely different things. And what it sounds like is that you don't have boundaries. That's what getting steamrolled sounds like because people who have boundaries don't get steamrolled and you can be happy and expressive and have boundaries.