The story you're about to hear is true. Only the names have been changed to protect the innocent. Fatima cigarettes. Best of all, long cigarettes brings you dragonet.  You're assigned the homicide detail. You go to an apartment house and answer to a shooting and dead body call. Her husband tells you it's suicide. The facts show it to be murder. Your job? Find out. You'll be amazed when you compare Fatima with other long cigarettes. You'll find they now cost the same. But in Fatima, the difference is quality. You see, Fatima is the quality king-size cigarette because it contains the finest domestic and Turkish tobaccos superbly blended. And Fatima is extra mild. With a much different, much better flavor and aroma than any other long cigarette. So compare Fatima yourself. Fatima has now cost the same as other long cigarettes, but your first pop will tell you... Ah, that's different. Yes, in Fatima, the difference is quality. Ask your dealer for Fatima, the quality king-size cigarette. Best of all, long cigarettes. Start enjoying Fatima tomorrow. The documented drama of an actual crime. For the next 30 minutes in cooperation with the Los Angeles Police Department, you will travel step-by-step on the side of the law through an actual case transcribed from official police files. From beginning to end, from crime to punishment, Dragnet is the story of your police force in action. It was Sunday, March 9th. It was windy in Los Angeles. We were working the day watch out of homicide detail. My partner's Ben Romero, the boss is that brown chief of detectives. My name's Friday. It was 4.35 p.m. when we got to the first floor of the Kelsey apartment hotel. Apartment 112. Hi, Joe, Ben. Hi, Harry. How are you? What have you got here? A woman's dead, shot through the right temple with a 45-automatic. Husband claims it's suicide. What's the name? Mr. Mrs. Andrew Robertson. Wife's name was Marie. That's Mr. Robertson right over here. Uh-huh. Is a crime lab been called? About 10 minutes ago. Fine. Mr. Robertson, this is Sergeant Romero. Sergeant Friday. How are you? Good question, Mr. Robertson. No, not yet. Uh, Mr. Robertson, do you want to tell us what happened here? I'd just gotten back from the corner grocery store. My wife and I had a little argument going. It started before I left for the store and it was still on when I got back. I see. She was fixing chicken fried steaks for dinner, putting a flower on them. We had a few more words and I went over and sat on the Davenport right where I am now. Uh-huh. She was standing there in the doorway to the kitchen. She said something that set me off and I guess I got pretty mad and said a few things. And she went back over to that little night stand there by the door to the kitchen. That one right there? Yeah, that's it. That's where I keep my army automatic. She pulled it out of the drawer and backed up into the kitchen. She put the gun to her head and said, This'll put an end to the argument once and for all. I yelled at her and tried to stop her, but I was too late. She pulled the trigger and fell right there where she is. What'd you do then? I went upstairs to Ted Carlton's place. He lives in 212 right above us. We don't have a phone here. I asked him to call the police and send for an ambulance. Did you go over to see how badly your wife was shot? Yeah, I forgot to tell you. The minute she fired, I rushed right over to her, but I was too late. She was dead. Now, did you touch anything in here, move anything at all? No, sir, not a thing. I've been sitting here ever since I got back down from Ted's room upstairs. I see. Joe. Yeah. Empty cartridge casing you on the floor. Yeah. When Jones gets here, we'll measure the distance. Just a minute. We can put this saucer over till the crime lab gets here. All right. Oily. All right. Crime lab's here, Friday. Need Jones. Oily. No, Joe. Oily. Remind, would you mind taking Mr. Robertson downtown? We'll be right down as soon as we finish up here. Right, Joe. See you later. Thanks a lot, Harry. Let's go. We got here. Shot through the right temple. Husband claims suicide. Mm-hmm. What's under the saucer? Empty casing. Looks like she was flowering meat, huh? That's what the husband says, yeah. It's probably what that is in the barrel of the automatic there. Yeah, we don't understand. The wastebasket's sure full, isn't it? Yeah. Right temple, huh? 45 automatic. Yeah. If she shot herself in the kitchen, how do you figure the empty casing got out there in the living room, the position of the body doesn't want that? That'll be Ed McGill at the photographer. Come in. Right in. Oh, Ed? Oh, Ed. Well, what do you want to shoot? Why don't you get an overall of the room first and grab one in the kitchen there. All right. The way till I get that saucer off the casing, Ed. Mary, you want to move over there, love? Oh, yeah. Thanks. You want the kitchen? Right from where you are now is good. We can get out of your way here. Okay, this is fine. Now, right over the body. Better get that chair to stand on. Oh, yeah, here you are. That much room to work in here. Can you get it all in there? Yeah, I think so. Use the wastebasket as your outside line here and kitchen sink on the other side. Can't get the sink in when you settle for the wastebasket only? Fine. Just use that as your right-hand side line, huh? Okay. So while you fellas finish up in here, we're going to round upstairs in the living room. Okay, Joe. Come on, man. Where do you want to go first? Do 12? What if this Ted Carlton Robertson mentioned it? Yeah, the fellas are supposed to have called in for it. All right, yeah. Here it is right upstairs. Yes? Police officers. You're Mr. Carlton? Yes, that's right. Come in. Thank you very much. This is an awful thing, isn't it? Yes, sir. We understand that you're a friend of the Robertsons. Yes, I am. Have you found out anything yet? You think Andy killed her? We don't know. We haven't completed our investigation. Oh, I see. I'll bet that's the way it was. I hate to say that, but from all indications, it certainly looks that way. How do you mean? The argument, the shouting, and that single shot. I don't know, but it sure struck me that Andy did it. When did the argument start? Was it prolonged, you know? What do you mean? When did it start? What time, you know? This one today started about 3.30 when Andy got back from the store, but they've been arguing ever since I've known him. How long have you known him? About two years. Those two never should have gotten married to begin with, if I'm any judge. Are you married? No, sir, I'm not. One if you could tell us. Did Mrs. Robertson ever say anything that would lead you to believe that she was in fear of her life? Well, yes, she did. One time, Andy stalked out of the apartment down there, and Marie came up here to see me. She was in tears, all broken up about it, as usual during these spats. She said, I'll try to remember exactly how she put it, she said, Andy gets so mad, sometimes I think he's going to kill me. What did they usually argue about, do you know? All different things. This particular time that I was telling you about, I think it was over as being late for dinner. All right, sir. Aside from this one instance, is there anything else that you can tell us? Well, Andy has a terrible temper of that, I know. We used to go out and bowl once in a while. Marie, Andy and myself, we had to stop. Every time he'd miss a spare, you'd think it was the end of the world. Would he usually seem to take it out on his wife? Most of the time, yeah. Although I must say, I caught it a few times myself. Abusive language. She really carried on over nothing at all. Did Robertson leave his wife home alone much of the time? No, not any more than usual. Seems like he always wanted to get home, just so they could argue. Everybody in the barfing house knows about him. But you said that Mrs. Robertson came up here after that one particular argument, is that right? Yes, sir, that's right. Well, does she come up here often? No, not very often. Just when she was unusually upset and her nerves were on edge. But only then, when Andy had rushed out in the head. Well, do you know whether or not Robertson owns a gun? Yes, I believe he does. Matter of fact, I know he does. One night, we were having trouble with prowlers, and he came up here with his automatic. Later on, I think I asked him where he got the gun he said from the army. Is there anything else you can add, Mr. Gardner? I was the one who called the police into that. That's what we understand. Didn't Andy tell you? He came up here right after the shot and asked me to call the police for him. They don't have a phone. Well, exactly how did he tell you? What do you mean? Well, what were his exact words? Can you remember them? Well, he said, my wife shot. Call the police and get an ambulance quick. And what was your reaction to this? I'd heard the shot, so I wasn't too surprised. But when Andy came running up here, I knew before I said a word, you could tell just to look at it. You could tell what? Something was wrong. I had a hunch all along that this might happen someday. What's that? That Andy had killed his wife. Ben and I continued questioning the various neighbors in the apartment building. Their stories all matched in every detail. The Robertsons had been known to argue quite frequently and quite loud. None of the neighbors could definitely say that they had ever heard Andrew Robertson threaten his wife. All of them volunteered it would be entirely possible. We put in a call to R&I. We found that there was no previous record of Andrew Robertson nor his wife, Marie. Before Lee Jones had finished his investigation, latent fingerprint men had arrived and the men from the coroner's office were standing by for removal of the body. We canvassed the neighborhood and checked with the various merchants in the area. They could shed no further light on the death of Marie Robertson. The coroner removed the body from apartment 112 and Lee Jones continued with his investigation. Ben and I returned downtown for further interrogation of the suspect. Everything I've told you is the truth. Do you mind going over it just once more? All right. We had our quarrels and arguments and I guess some of them were pretty bad, but I never do a thing like this to Marie. You don't seem very upset about all this, Robertson. I'm not crying if that's what you mean. I'm sorry she had to do it. I tried to stop her, but there was nothing I could do. You seem to be taking all this pretty well under the circumstances. I don't know if I can explain how I feel about it. You see, Marie and I weren't too happy the past couple of years. We've been married eight years, and I guess from the start we never could hit it off. Did you used to argue quite a bit? No, not at first we didn't. Just seemed that we've drifted apart the last couple of years. Seemed to fight all the time over nothing at all. I honestly believe we fell out of love. Well, would you mind telling us again exactly what happened this afternoon? First of all, I got up. I always liked to sleep on Sundays. She asked me to go to the store. That started the argument. She knows I don't like to go shopping, but it seemed like she was always forgetting something, and I'd have to go. When I got back from the store, she was making chicken fried steaks for dinner. She was putting flour on the meat. We argued back and forth for a minute, and then she stepped into the living room. I went over and sat on the Davenport. All right, go on. We had a few more wars, and she went over to the small nightstand by the kitchen door and took out my army automatic that I kept in there. She backed up into the kitchen and pointed the gun at her head. She said this will end the argument once and for all. So I said I was on the Davenport about 12 feet away from her. I yelled at her. What'd you say? I said, Marie, put that gun down. It's loaded. Before I could reach her, she pulled the trigger. Then what'd you do? I rushed over to her, but it was too late. What happened then? We don't have a phone, so I rushed upstairs to the apartment right over us. Ted Carlton's. I asked him to phone for the police and the ambulance. Did you tell Carlton about your wife? Yes, I did. I told him she'd been shot. Then where'd you go? So just like I told you, at the apartment, I went back downstairs and waited in the living room for you people to get there. Did you go near your wife's body? No, I did not. Did you always keep that gun loaded? Yes, I did. I always kept it loaded and actuated. The shell in the chamber, but I kept the safety lock on. Marie knew how to operate the gun because I showed her for when I was out late. She wasn't strong enough to actuate it, but she could work the safety.  Not to my knowledge. Mr. Robertson, you sure that everything you've told us is the truth? It's the absolute truth, every word of it. Well, sir, here's the way it looks to us.  I didn't. Let us lay out a few things for you. We talked to your friends and neighbors in the apartment house. We have people who will testify to the fact that your wife was afraid that you might kill her. She told one man that. It isn't true. I don't know what you may have told somebody, but I didn't kill her.  The kind of arguments from all reports that could easily lead to something like this.  I couldn't do a thing like that. Mr. Robertson, we've made a preliminary investigation of your apartment.  Let me show you some of the flaws in your story here. All I can say is what I've told you is the truth.  Well, you told us that your wife went to the nightstand and got the gun. That's right. How did she pick up the automatic? How do you mean? Well, how'd she take it from the drawer? Like anyone would pick up a gun? By the butt? She picked it up like anybody would was going to use it. You're sure about that? Positive. She didn't touch anything but the butt? Well, she had part of her hand on the trigger. Oh, we know that. But she didn't touch any other part of the weapon. She did not. She didn't have time. Well, then how do you account for the fact that we found traces of flour on the barrel of the gun? Oh, sure. She was flowering meat. Well, how'd the flour get on the barrel? I don't know. Well, isn't it true that when you approached her with the automatic pointed at her, she tried to ward off the shot with her hand? But isn't that how the flour got on that barrel? That isn't true. Now, you said your wife was putting flour on some steaks. That's right. How do you account for the fact that we didn't find any flour on the butt of the gun and weren't blown? Or on the drawer of the nightstand, where you say she first picked up the automatic? Well, I can't answer that. I don't know what all this means.  I don't know how to explain all these things, but I didn't kill her. Mr. Robertson, you say you were an army man. Isn't that what you told us out of the apartment? Yes, I was a sergeant in the army during the last war. What outfit were you in? I was an instructor in sad-arm weapons at Santa Ana Army Air Base. Then you'd be somewhat of an authority on the Colt-45 caliber automatic pistol, wouldn't you? I guess I would, yeah. That was one of the weapons I instructed in. You'd know all about the system of ejection employed by the Colt Company on their 45 automatic. Yes, I would. The empty casing ejects to the right, up and back. Is that correct? Yeah, that's right. In other words, if you were pointing a 45 at me and you pulled the trigger, the empty casing would eject to your right, up, and fall on the floor to the rear on your right side. Is that right? Yeah, that's what would end up.  Yes, I do. Where was she standing when she pulled the trigger? As I told you before, in the kitchen. How was she standing? What do you mean? Which way was she facing? Well, let's see. Facing me? Yeah, that's right. In the kitchen with her back to the sink, facing out toward me. And where were you? On the Davenport in the living room facing her. Well, bearing in mind what we've already discussed and agreed upon concerning the ejection system of a 45, how do you account for the fact that the empty casing was found in the living room, six feet and four inches from the kitchen? Let's see. I'll figure it for you. The empty casing should have been found on the floor of the kitchen, somewhere to the right and rear of your wife. Isn't that about it? I don't understand. Why are you trying to prove me guilty?  Well, it'd be a physical impossibility for that empty casing to have landed anywhere but in the kitchen if your wife had pulled the trigger of that automatic. But how about that? What can I say? Please believe what I'm telling you. I didn't do it. Not according to the evidence. I don't understand any of this. Well, here's the way we've got it reconstructed. You had a quarrel. You got the gun. You met your wife at the doorway to the kitchen. You appointed the gun at her. She tried to ward it off with her left hand, leaving flower on the barrel of the gun. You fired and the casing was thrown up and back to the right where it landed on the rug of the living room. The testimony of the neighbors, the flower on your wife's hand, the position of the empty casing. Robertson, you're right. I don't know why all these things are the way you say they are. We do.  You think about it. Come on, Ben. Yeah. What do you think? Evidence we've got so far has got him tanned. Well, yeah. With all that proof, he still refuses to cop out. Something doesn't jive. Maybe we can find out why. You are listening to Dragnet. From beginning to end, Dragnet is the authentic story of your police force in action. Now, from beginning to end, the Fatima story. Actual convincing proof that in Fatima, the difference is quality. Quality of tobaccos. The finest domestic and Turkish varieties. Extra mild and superbly blended to give you a much different, much better flavor and aroma. Quality of manufacture. Smooth, round, perfect cigarettes. Rolled in the finest paper money can buy. Manufactured in the newest and most modern of all cigarette factories. Quality, even to the appearance of the bright, clean, golden, yellow package. Carefully wrapped and sealed to bring you Fatima's rich, fresh, extra mild flavor. Because of its quality, its extra mildness, its better flavor and aroma. More long cigarette smokers are now insisting on Fatima than ever before. So if you smoke a long cigarette, compare Fatima. You'll find they now cost the same. But your first puff will tell you... Ah, that's different. Yes, in Fatima, the difference is quality. Insist on Fatima. Start enjoying the quality king-size cigarette. Fatima. Best of all, long cigarettes. We had Gene Bechtel take Andrew Robertson's statement. We had his testimony that his wife had committed suicide, a fact that he couldn't prove and that we could disprove. We had before us the final investigation. All evidence was taken at the crime lab for analysis. The photographs taken at the scene were developed and brought in for careful checking. In accordance with Robertson's story, both he and his deceased wife were given paraffin tests to determine the presence of nitrates. Both of them were fingerprinted and latent prints details started to check them out. Two teams of men were sent out to talk with the close relatives of the two people. Sunday, March 9th, 7 p.m. We got a call from Lieutenant Lee Jones that he had the final results of his investigation. We went over to the second floor of the central station, crime lab. We got a couple of things for you. How'd you make out with Robertson? Well, he insisted it was suicide. What's your idea on it? Let me show you all we got. Look at this. A picture of the .45 casing. That's all right. Take a close look at it. Right here in particular. You notice this one edge is a little crimped here? Ejector marks. Here are the ejector marks up here. This crimping is something entirely different. What is it? You remember where you found this casing? Six feet, four inches into the living room. That's right. We wondered how it could have been thrown that far by the ejector if the husband's story is true. The ejector didn't do that. I wanted to. On closer inspection, I noticed this crimping. Let me show you how this casing got out there in the living room. Here's an identical .45 caliber cold empty casing. Yeah. We'll place it here on the floor on a piece of carpeting, the same thickness that was in that kitchen. The nollie. Now watch this. I'll step on it, hitting it from an angle. There's your answer to that. When the husband ran over to his wife's side, what did he say he did? Yeah, it's about the size of it. He stepped on the casing accidentally and certainly not caring about it at that moment. It bounced out into the living room just like a tiddly wink. Notice the casing now. The crimping. Check it against the photo. Looks exactly the same way it matches. The flower and the barrel of the gun. It was flower, by the way. Did it figure in for you, fellas? Well, yeah. We figured the wife was trying to ward off the gun when he pointed it at her. Certainly the logical deduction. Let me show you how it really got on there. Here's that shot of the kitchen out there. Notice the wastebasket here. Pretty full, isn't it? Yeah, we noticed that when we were out there. What you probably didn't notice is this. Here's a blow-up of just that section where the wastebasket was. Can you see what's on the top of the stuff from the basket there? Yeah, can you hold it over here a little? Yeah. Yeah, it looks like a flower sack, isn't it? That's right, an empty flower sack. Now, figuring the position of the body in relation to that wastebasket, when she dropped the gun, it fell from the hand, striking the wastebasket, bouncing off and landing on the floor where you found it. You said when she dropped the gun, you figured it was suicide? It's beginning to shape up that way, isn't it? There was no flower found on the butt of the gun. That part of the automatic didn't come in contact with the flower sack. Yeah, but at least she was flowering meat. There were no traces of it on the right hand on the palm, just on the back. In checking the clothing, we found streaks of flour where she could have wiped her hands clean before picking up the gun. Yeah, and out there we could only see the backs of her hand. The corner, check that through, huh? It doesn't look like a killer. There's more here. As you know, we ran paraffin tests on both the victim and Robertson. Yeah. Here's the results of the tests. See. Andrew Robertson, known nitrates negative. Marie Robertson, evidence of nitrates positive. She fired a gun, he didn't. That's it. There's something else. Here's the report from Layton Prince. Smudges, one good thumbprint, right hand. Belonging to Marie Robertson. Indicating she was the last one to handle the weapon. Well, that's about it. No, that's more for you. Now, this shot was taken facing the east wall of the kitchen. That's the wall that would be on anyone's left, sitting on the Davenport in the front room. Wouldn't be possible to see that wall from the Davenport. Wouldn't, that's right. You can see the white X where we located the slug. Yeah. Relative to the position of the body, if she was standing, holding the gun at approximately a right angle to the side of her head, the bullet would come to rest approximately four inches below the crown of her head. Does it check out? The coroner says she was 5'4". The bullet was found at a height of 5'8", proving that she shot herself rather than anyone else doing it, judging from the inclination of the bullet. As you know, this is critical. Yeah. From what it's worth, the condition of the wound indicates that it was inflicted from extreme close range. Fair point when you consider that most people wouldn't submit to being shot from close range without a struggle or unless taken by surprise. From all reports, we know she wasn't taken by surprise. No, that's it, fellas. That's all we have. Well, thanks, Lee. It's sure enough. Crime lab, Jones. Yeah, right here. Just a minute. Three to one of you. All right, Lee, I'll get it. Righty. Well, hi, Harry. You did, huh? What's that? Mm-hmm. Yeah. Did you have the letter with you? It does, huh? Yeah. Yeah, right, Harry. Thank you very much. Bye. Harry Freeman. He just left Marie Robertson's mother. What'd she have to say? Well, Freeman says she gave him a letter. He's on his way in with it now. It was written by Marie Robertson, says something about taking her own life. He says that the husband couldn't have done it, says the daughter's shown indication in the past of wanting to take her own life. Well, not about saying she's it. Makes you feel kind of good, doesn't it? Yeah. Finding a man clear of charge instead of having to hang him up. Come on, Ben. Right. Well, you had it. Back across the street. Where'll I get my coat? I'll go with you. What for? I want to see him, too, when you're telling him. The story you've just heard was true. Only the names were changed to protect the innocent. On March 12th, the hearing was held in the office of the coroner, city and county of Los Angeles, state of California. In a moment, the results of that hearing. And now, here is our star, Jack Webb. Thank you. Friends, a great many listeners have written us saying that they first bought Fatimas because they liked our program. But they go on to say that after smoking their first pack, they agree with everything that we've said about them, that Fatimas are our extra mile, that they do have a better flavor and aroma. Well, naturally, we're pleased when you get acquainted with Fatimas and all of us on Dragnet are convinced Fatima is the best of all long cigarettes. When you buy your first pack, I'm sure you'll agree. In Fatima, the difference is quality. Andrew William Robertson was immediately released from custody. A 510 form was made out, exonerating him from any complicity in the death of his wife. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. James M. Fox, president of the Southern California chapter of the Mystery Writers of America. The Edgar Allen Poe Awards of the Mystery Writers of America are made each year for outstanding contributions in the field of mystery. This year, by a nationwide vote of 300 professional mystery writers, the radio award goes to Dragnet for consistent excellence in the use of the medium in the best traditions of our craft. The Mystery Writers of America are happy to present their Edgers, statuettes of Poe, to Dragnet's Jim Moser, and a duplicate statuette to Dragnet. Congratulations, Mr. Moser. Thank you, Mr. Fox. You have just heard Dragnet, a series of authentic cases from official files. Technical advice comes from the office of Chief of Police, W. H. Parker, Los Angeles Police Department. Fatima's cigarettes, best of all, long cigarettes, has brought you Dragnet, portions transcribed from Los Angeles. Stay tuned for Counter-Spire, over many NBC stations.


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Follow three talented young designers as they transform three empty apartments on Valdivia State into dream homes using finishes provided by Caesar Stone and Plaskon. Cast your vote on privateproperty.co.za and stand a chance to win one of the completed apartments worth more than three million grand. So this is the big one, the master bedroom, one of the most important rooms in the house. So when it comes to choosing what color to paint it, one has to be careful and be absolutely smart about it. You want this to be the calming space yet visually beautiful and stylish obviously. So here to discuss this and give us her helping hand is Plaskon's global color manager and one of our judges and results. Welcome back. Thank you. So first of all I think maybe this is an obvious question but why is the master bedroom so important? Well if you think about it we spend about a third of our lives sleeping so you really want to have a good rest and also depending on how we sleep it affects our mood, it affects our motivation and our general well-being so you really want to have a room where you can feel relaxed, comfortable and really wind down at the end of the day and fall asleep easily. Now my mom is one of those ladies who spends obviously a lot of time also sleeping at night but before she goes to bed she has to obviously put a little blot over any kind of light in the room. She likes absolute darkness when it's in there so maybe looking for some advice from you why is color of the wall so important to a bedroom? Because color has a huge effect on you and also the space you're staying in so color can cool or it can warm, it can energize or it can relax you, it can comfort you or it can give you confidence so color has an effect. If you understand the different effects that color have on a space then you can use it to your advantage. For instance blue is very calming and relaxing and can help you sleep better whereas if you have a red in your room it's more energizing so it's understanding the energy of color and using it to your advantage in your room. So maybe we should advise her to use a little bit more blue so she can go to bed slightly more calm and less like every light in the house on everything must be turned off as she goes. And another thing with light blues it also helps relieve headaches so these are all kind of things you know that are really helpful when it comes to choosing color in your bedroom. Okay so color is important and I think a lot of people always go with their gut, they go with what they've seen, they go with what they think will fit as a color palette within their rooms themselves but I want some advice from you. What do you think are some of the techniques and potential colors that people are definitely doing wrong? What should people steer clear of all the time? Well one of the biggest mistakes people make is if they're using one color they use too much of that color so it's all about having a balance of colors. What I always think is a good idea is for people to use references to find things that they like in day-call magazines or colors that they like keep a reference of it so when you do decide to change you've got something that you can refer to and that's what I would really suggest when planning your bedroom. Okay so when it comes to steering clear of it's don't use too much of the same thing all over the place. If you've got a blue don't make everything blue. Exactly not too matchy-matchy that's one of the mistakes and also not too bright if you are going to use bright colors be sure to balance it with some neutral colors and if you are going to use neutral colors introduce some different textures and maybe something a brighter color into it so it doesn't become boring. So one thing that I've always been fascinated by is that when I've heard conversations with you quite a lot and been inspired by what you're saying but how often do people really go out and paint their walls and so let's let's imagine we've got a blank canvas whether it be we renovating a house whether it be we just looking for something to change or whether we being our contestants here who are producing three beautiful apartments and have to create this beautiful master bedroom what should we try and look for what are we trying to do? Well first of all decide what atmosphere you want in the room that would be your first. Hopefully sleep atmosphere. And then have a look what you have in your room for instance how we've got this beautiful carpet there's a lovely moody blue in there you could we've already said blues are very calming and relaxing sort of match your blue to that carpet and paint one wall with it and you'll be amazed how that ties the whole day coarselying together or it could be you've got a painting and you pick out a blue from that painting paint one feature wall in a dark blue you've got the wonderful energy of that calming relaxing blue and you've pulled your whole scheme together by introducing a feature wall in in one of the colors that's already in your in your day core scheme just pulls the whole thing together. Okay so you want to keep it's kind of like symmetrical so it all works together in the room when you step in you don't feel like this is jarring effect of a whole bunch of different colors that don't necessarily go well together so find a theme our theme is useful. Yes absolutely definitely useful decide on a theme that you want to go for or just as I said just pick out a color from one of the items in your room one of the day quick accessories fabrics or something and that will also pull your whole scheme together and it was good to have you thank you it's such a pleasure contestants I hope you are listening because decorating the master bedroom is important it's where you end off your day it's where you start a brand new day so make sure there's a space you can shake off the day and relax but also the one that you'll wake up to and feel inspired to take on a new day in so visit plascon.co.za for more color inspiration and see what can work for you so I'm here filling out the colors that I'm going to be using for my future wall from the master bedroom I feel like I went very safe in the guest bedroom just using one color so here I'm exploring the plascon and showing the potential of the paints and what it can do I'm going for a very earthy texture which picks up most of the colors that I use in the guest bedroom so the colors are going to be transitioning from the blackest night up to the lavish lemon for my future wall I'm going for a very distressed feel and look so I'm not looking for anything perfect I'm going with the local artist Nabila for my very earthy to work with since we've gone through the colors and discussed how we're going to achieve this earthy feel that we're going for so now the job is on me not to see which color goes first and which color follows what do you guys think so I'm in my exposed closet in my main bedroom and I chose to go with in the mood from Plascon again I know Anne didn't like it but it really suits well with my caesar stone bench that I'm going to be putting here so I am a bit worried that you'll think that it's matchy matchy again this time I'm bringing in some bold elements bold color choices like my black trusses and a few black elements in the room I really hope Anne sees my vision and she likes my choices of trying to make the space bigger with the color choices that I make so I've selected this artwork by another interior designer called Natalie Bulwer and she uses inks to create this trending technique called ombre and which is a mixture of different colors so that is really the center point of this room to match the artwork I've selected four Plascon colors we have Addiskin over here we have Distant Storm which is the 2016 color forecast and we have bovine over here and red wine but I think I prefer my red wine in a glass so I think I'm leaning more towards the greens and the grays but we'll have to see because I don't want the space to be too dark since I'm putting a block out behind the gray coats instead I'm going to pitch out so I think it's going to be cool Votes for your favorite bathroom are now closed but from today you can head over to privateproperty.co.za and vote for your favorite design contestant's master bedroom here's how you can win it's not called win a home for nothing you the viewer can win one of the three completed apartments at the Valdivia state valued at over three million rand by voting for your favorite design contestant's master bedroom on privateproperty.co.za win a home is proudly brought to you by private property in association with netbank


One of the challenges many students face when they are trying to secure higher marks in creative writing is they find that They don't necessarily achieve great grades in their creative writing stories Because the teachers tell them that their vocabulary is a little bit limited the range of words that are used is not that great Therefore what I thought would be great is to put together a list of top ten words that you can remember Which when you include this in your writing and your storytelling this will instantly make your story Really amazing. It's gonna make it read much much better The vocabulary is far more ambitious and these words sound quite fancy very beautiful But actually the very very simple and easy to understand. Okay, so as you can see behind me Here's a list of ten words that you can include in your creative writing and indeed to be honest You can also include this in just your general essay writing Which if you do include it will really rapidly increase the quality of your writing your writing will go from being very basic Sentences to actually fairly sophisticated advanced sentences Okay, so let's look at these ten words which you can include and what they mean and examples of how you can use them in Sentences so the first word is gilded which means golden again a word like golden instead of using the golden rays of sunshine You can say the sun's rays gilded something. Okay, they made the painted it almost in a golden sheen Okay, so gilded simply means golden and an example could be the ground was gilded with sunshine rather than the ground is made Golden by sunshine or by suns rays again here as you can see the difference in sentence quality is massive It's completely two opposite extremes the second word which you can use which Instantly makes your writing sound super impressive is torpid which means tired for example I walked in a torpid haze. Okay, you walked in a tired lethargic haze. Okay, so tired lethargic You can use the word torpid instead the third word which can make your writing Especially your creative writing stories sound genius is some Nambulant okay, and I'm going to spell this one for you might not have come across this one So this one is a bit of a rare word, but it's a really fancy rare word that I would heavily encourage using in your writing It's spelled S O M N A M B U L A N T which means sluggish slow Okay, and actually you could say it's fairly similar to torpin not necessarily synonyms, but the fairly similar Okay, so some Nambulant means sluggish and you could also an example of this sentence is the heat made me some Nambulant the some Nambulant heat or the creatures in the forest was some Nambulant They were sluggish they were tired them walking slowly Okay, you can describe them instead as some Nambulant the fourth word which is a fairly nice clever word You can use and it appears several times actually in Lord of the Flies the William Golding love to use this word is Festooned which means decorated for example You could say the walls were festooned were decorated with balloons Okay, again, this is a really fancy word instead of saying decorated Which is a slightly more basic term basic vocabulary try to go for the more ambitious festooned The fifth word which you can use to instantly make your creative writing sound quite genius is bellicose Which means aggressive for instance for example, you can describe the bellicose dog Or my mom was acting in a bellicose manner toward me aggressive Okay, the sixth word you could use is Croposcular which means twilight remember twilight is that weird time in the aft in the evening or really early in the morning When either the Sun is just coming out or the Sun is just setting this is when the sky looks like this mix of Purple amber and it's quite dark, but it's either because the Sun is setting or the Sun is rising Okay, we will call that Croposcular or twilight so instead of saying twilight use the word Croposcular for instance You could describe the Croposcular sky the seventh word you could use is Preternatural which just means unnatural. Okay, so for example, you could say he ran with preternatural speed You send bolt runs with preternatural speed unnatural speed. Okay, or even you could talk about the preternatural Feeling in a haunted house the unnatural feeling for example If you're describing a supernatural character or a supernatural feeling to create some tension now the eighth word You could use to make your creative writing story sound genius is Coruscating coruscating means sparkling so instead of sparkling or even glimmering you could describe or talk about these Coruscating diamonds, okay? Now the ninth word which I would suggest considering is melodious Which means smelly or stinky so it smells for instance You could talk about the melodious smell which really really overpowered you as you entered a tunnel and the 10th and final word Which you could use to make your story sound amazing and even your writing will generally sound amazing is Tremulous, which means trembling for example if you're writing for instance a thriller story where somebody is Trying to put together two wires in order to save their lives or in order to Diffuse a bomb you can describe my tremulous hands clutched the wires as I try to diffuse the bombs Okay, so quickly to recap the fancy 10 words which can make any creative writing story sound amazing are Gilded torpedoes an ambulance for student bellicose Croposcular preternatural coruscating melodious and tremulous Please try your best to use it You know have a go at using all of these right even begin off with just 10 sentences using all of these and The more you use them the more you're going to find that your vocabulary really really becomes more powerful And you're going to see this even reflected in your grades and the performance that you receive from school because your teachers will Be incredibly impressed. So thanks so much for listening


That the president of that era was only the fortunate victim of social forces and a national mood over which he had no control That may well be true But when the forces demanded and the mood permitted for once an activist human-hearted man had his hand on the levers of power and Division beyond the next election He was there when we and the nation needed him and oh by God, do I wish he was there now But the try the try however will be made again in other days to come Between now and then the building process must continue to try to put together Those disaffected millions whose political concerns place them properly with the present and not the past all of American politics for the future Could take as its credo a statement written nearly 50 years ago by dr. Dubois who said I believe in liberty for all men The space to stretch their arms and their souls The right to breathe the right to vote the freedom to choose their friends to enjoy the sunshine To ride on the railroads uncursed by color thinking dreaming working as they will in a kingdom of God and love Finally he said I believe in patience Patience with the weakness of the weak and the strength of the strong the prejudice of the ignorant and the ignorance of the blind Patience with the tardy triumph of joy and the chastening of sorrow patience with God. Thank you. I think it's quite clear that There is enough for a thoughtful panel to chew on after the speeches that we've heard this morning could we ask Brooke Marshall and the members of his panel to come up and mr. Bond and dr. Williams. Would you take your places over there? Oh, yeah I'm sorry, I didn't hear the question We will have a the format of the neck of the we will have a panel here who will discuss among themselves Some of the issues that have been raised in the addresses thus far in the symposium and particularly this mornings And then we will ask them also to consider questions from the audience to introduce I Think there's probably no need to introduce the gentlemen at the far end of this table who will Take part in this morning's proceedings next to him is Yvonne Brathwaite Burke a member of the California legislature who will now go to the United States Congress in January to represent the 37th district of California dr. Williams you've heard Next is Vincent T. Jimenez former commissioner of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. Director of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Congressman Henry B. Gonzalez from the 20th district of Texas Many in this audience will remember the moderator of this panel as a most effective Assistant Attorney General for civil rights from 1961 to 1965 He is now deputy dean and professor of law at Yale Law School and a very old and good friend of mine We're all delighted that he is with us. Mr. Burke Marshall The rules for questions from the audience will be the same as yesterday if you have questions you want the panel to consider Raise your hand to attract the attention of an usher. He will give you paper and pencil Please write your question out return it to the usher The ushers will deliver them to mr. Marshall who will shuffle through them as best he can the our experience yesterday Did show us clearly that there will be far more questions than the panel will have time to consider However, I want to repeat what I did say yesterday We will take the questions that are unanswered We will ask the various members of the panel to Respond to them in writing so that they can because the questions and the answers both can become part of the published Proceedings of this symposium With that marshal I turn it over to you What I would like to do is ask each member of the panel to Say whatever is on his or her mind. I hope that each of you will Address the future and as specific terms as possible In terms of an agenda the speeches that we have had Have all made the point. I think that we knew at the beginning of the 60s What our agenda was then it was to a clear way? legal segregation I Think that it is not nearly as clear what the agenda is for the future Putting aside the question whether or not We have a political climate now which will Act upon the agenda So I would like to start with you congressman Gonzales I guess that for the time being I will pass over Professor Williams and mr. Bond and come back to them afterwards to comment on the others Thank you very much. Mr. Marshall. I welcome the opportunity to say that Of course attention here in the two addresses has been concentrated on That aspect which of course should concern us and that is with the most visible Minority of all in this part of the country we have other ethnic groups that have and have had parallel histories Perhaps from the legal standpoint not a severe because after all It was only the black or the negro Who had the Jim Crow statutory provisions the state constitutional inhibition? and other ordinances and laws that Legislated race into the corpus of legislation However in practice and in the economic field particularly Such groups as the Mexican descended today popularly known as a Mexican American has also confronted very serious challenges I'd like to point out that Contrary to what may have been the impression created by some diverse reports this particular group in Texas Southwest Texas particularly and throughout the southwest of the United States to California Did give senator McGovern and the Democrats? Overwhelming majorities perhaps unmatched anywhere else in the country. I know that in my district though it isn't an Electoral majority This group voted five six seven to one in favor of the Democratic Party and it's candidate There's no question that the sense of direction is the most urgent Crying need in this area Which has been generally described as civil rights there is a Lost sense of direction that I seem to detect on the national level Particularly in the Congress But this is reflected in the contradictions That I'm sure most of us thought of as we heard the two speeches or three For one thing We have the complaints and the grievances Which are stated and implied Directed to the reelected president Nixon but There are no manifestations or demonstrations Against the Nixon administration particularly In the last three years of his term of office and they were very definitely there During the Johnson years It's interesting to raise a question. What accounts for this if mr. Nixon and his administration really symbolize such crude and obvious Disparity and indifference towards the basic cause of civil rights How come There is no writing and no outward physical manifestations of the proportion that we had During the president that we are praising and his administration I'm not drawing conclusions. I'm just saying that it's a question that is Agitating the minds of many other Americans. I Think that when the entire American nation is confronted With serious intrusions into its basic civil rights Which involves by indirection the minorities included therein that we all have a problem and when the Congress has passed by overwhelming Majorities laws that vitiate or watered down the first the fourth the fifth the sixth amendments to the civil rights or rather the Bill of Rights and This is done with apparent acceptance and Almost national consensus. I think we are indeed trouble and I think that we do need some Sense of direction both as to priorities and their level of civil rights as well as to basic economic and Political civil rights generally speaking now Clarence Mitchell as Several people have pointed out is the fourth branch of the government and Has been for many years Mr. Mitchell, I know that you have several things you want to say But I hope among them you will Answer the question what kind of a legislative agenda you see For the next few years. I'll say few years on the theory that it may not get past Well Burke I wonder how this country has been able to survive With so many creep hangers that I hear talking about how we all on the road to total destruction and There is nothing we can do about it. I would say if the atmosphere of defeatism giving up and confusion And I have sensed in some of the things that have been said here and some of the things that I hear around country had prevailed among those like yourself Ramsey Clark Roy Wilkins Jim Farmer Martin Luther King and Whitney Young and others when we were working for the passage of the great civil rights Legislation, I don't think we could have ever gotten that bill those bills passed Because the cards were stacked against us the dice were loaded but we won anyway and we won because we had a strategy for that reason I Would address myself to the question of strategy which Hubert Humphrey touched on in his Remarks, oh, then he presented them to us You remember he said that Even though we had the great marches and even though we had the great Demonstrations it was after all 75 days before we could get the 1964 Civil rights bill to the state of passage in the Senate We were able to reach that day because we had at the helm a very able and effective leader in the person of President Lyndon B. Johnson and I want to say that the students who attend the institution here the John Gronowski heads are Really getting what I have already had and that is I Along with Hubert Humphrey and some other people are the I'm a graduate of the Lyndon B. Johnson school of politics My first lesson on that came about five o'clock in the morning when we were This waiting out an all-night filibuster being stage percent of the strong Thurman and The president who was then the majority leader and in his pajamas Call me down to his office and said a number of things about the way the fight was going Then he said something that I've never forgotten and I continue to live by which is Clarence you can get anything you want if you got the votes now. How many votes have you got? Well, we didn't have money in those days, but we had sense enough to hold together what we had and We were able to win. We have never assumed that All of our strength in the Congress of the United States comes from the Republican the Democratic Party We don't write off the Republican Party because We couldn't have won any of these bills except that part of the Johnson strategy included bringing in those parts of the Republican Party that would work with us I Have a picture on my wall. It shows a little piece of paper laying beside the president of the United States and On that slip of paper. There are some names Those names were there for this reason We had a meeting with the president for the purpose of assessing our strength in the Senate in connection with the passage of the 1964 civil rights bill and I said mr.. President you have taught me well the lesson of you can get what you got the votes to get Here are the votes we think we've got and we outline them and here are the votes that we think you've got to get The first name on that list was senator Everett Dirksen of the state of Illinois. I Think that has been the characteristic of all of the efforts that we have made and It has not been a battle that could have been won by the black people of this country alone We have had to go to the Chicago Congressman Gonzales is always number one on the list that the kind of people take not because he is not committed but we just believe in touching base with everybody and So it goes we have some people who go to the churches and some people church-oriented people and others In spite of what people may say it must be remembered that in the year 1962 72 we took a piece of legislation Which was so controversial that the people were afraid to discuss it in many parts of this country and Many got defeated because they were for it or even spoke out against it Namely the enforcement powers for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission We did that in spite of the fact that the administration wasn't with us We did it because we had Republicans and Democrats Working with us and an interesting footnote to that is it was one of the things that the Republicans put in their platform as Evidence of what they had done in the area of civil rights Now we are in it We are in a situation now where we got to face the fact that the time has come to stop playing games We need the support of organized labor if we're going to get anywhere in the Congress of the United States we need the support of other organized groups and To pretend that there's some little thing that can be accomplished By all of the black people of this country getting together off in a little corner and making a decision and then selling that to the country Is delusion and I therefore think that in our Legislative objectives in the Congress of the United States and we have got to think in terms of those broad Objectives that we have always known we've needed We need a minimum wage law to protect everybody in this country And therefore it deserves a top place on the agenda And we've got the votes to get a minimum wage law passed if all of us Will stop making speeches about our awful things are and start getting some votes in order to get that legislation passed We don't need to complain and cry about the fact that people are in need of health care We all know that but there is health care legislation that can be passed in the Congress of the United States Whether the president is for it or not if we mobilize the people who in turn will help us get the votes and Vote so what you need to win in the Congress of the United States The tax structure of this country is a disgrace if you don't believe it you ask some bellhop or Made or waiter how much trouble he encounters when the internal revenue lights on him to find out What the tax and what the tips income was here these poor people already getting virtually no money And then the internal revenue says well I wonder how many tips you made because you've got to pay the government some more money Well, we have got to revise the tax laws of this country to be more merciful to the poor and we can do that We can do that if we again Are willing to spend most of our time figuring out how to get these votes that we need in the United States Senate How to get these votes that we need in the House of Representatives The last thing I want to touch on and there are many others But I'll mention this the last thing I want to touch on is the fact that we have in this country a whole Arsenal of legislation with respect to civil rights and the protection of human rights I'm a Paul at the ignorance Among knowledgeable people of what this legislation is supposed to do Now there's no need to read in the question of whether the Civil Rights Commission has power to do something because when we put the Civil Rights Commission together and It was passed by the Congress of the United States It was supposed to be a fact-finding body and it is not any Problem because that agency can point up what's wrong and not do anything about it It's supposed to be an authentic source of information But the fire power in the civil rights Legislation is found in the voting rights act. It is found in the equal employment Legislation, it is found in the public accommodations legislation. It is found in the whole galaxy of legislation that we have Enacted in this country, which is like our great big Cadillac standing in front of somebody's door all newly polished With the seats ready for occupancy and all somebody's got to do is put some gas in the tank and turn on the key What I think we need to do in this country is to get the gas in the tank of the civil rights car start that motor up and Start up the road for freedom and I want to nominate somebody to put it the driver's wheel I want to nominate human Humphrey to be at the driver's wheel in the Senate of the United States and in the Congress And I call on all of those who really want to move forward in this country To rally behind that banner and let's stop hanging creeps. Let's stop getting in hurses Let's get out there and fight and win what all of us know we can get in a democracy That's why he's the fourth branch of the government Mr.. Heminez perhaps that since the Clarence mentioned especially in his parloration the equal opportunity Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 title 7 since you served for six years on that Commission you might in addition to whatever else you want to say Talk about that a little bit The thing is guests I want to Say just a little bit about the equal employment opportunity Commission. I am no longer a Commissioner Because I supported cease and desist powers for that Commission during the Nixon administration and Made my statements known to the Senate committee hearing on that particular subject there was another Colleague of mine here in the audience and I do not I will mention her name But she went through the same process and she is no longer a Commissioner for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. I Did enjoy the six years of work there. They were fruitful. There was progress made There is still an awful lot to be done in that particular area That Commission has to be a first-class Commission if it ever is to function properly At the moment it is a second-class Commission It needs cease and desist power Unless we get those enforcement powers into that Commission the name of the game for Those people who complain the companies and the unions is delayed Delayed delayed delayed and we had complaints there of people who would have to wait for two and three years to finally sit down and Negotiate not receive justice just negotiate and conceal you And I think that there should be as Clarence has just mentioned here a real effort made To make this Commission in this next Congress a first-class Commission just like other Commission's who have those same Types of regulatory powers. They should have cease and desist power According to the invitation our particular job is to look look ahead rather than to look back In my opinion there should be an effort made to regroup dig in hold the line Bring up the rear rethink objective and re-evaluate our position If we do not the ground one in the past decade may abroad Possibly even be lost. I do not suggest that we will ever return to the blatant discrimination and segregation of the past But rather than our goal of a truly civil libertarian nation may not be reached for a long time Nor do I suggest the benign neglect of the Nixon administration My central thesis is that we consolidate the gains in education employment voting Housing and the protection afforded the minorities by the courts legislation and executive order There are wide gaps to be covered in all of the above sucker There are minorities that have yet to avail themselves of the opportunities afforded them by the progress in civil rights they helped to create and I might add that yesterday while we were reminiscing about the civil rights movement We left out a rather significant group of people and I want to try to correct that situation while I have the opportunity In the 50s and the 60s Of course in Texas one of the panelists here today Henry Was the one who was taking the lead in the Texas? Legislature on the issue of civil rights for everyone In New Mexico it was senator Chavez Who was taking the lead on these particular issues? In Albuquerque probably one of the first cities that passed a public accommodations act in 1956 or 7 as I recall and an FEPC and It was senator Chavez senator Montoya in California It's Ed Ed Roy ball who was carrying the load in those years the 50s and the 60s There were others of course like the distinguished lawyer Gus Garcia Who took his case on jury discrimination? We are none this case to the Supreme Court and won unfortunately He was never recognized for his efforts unfortunately The Chicanos at the time did not understand what he had done and the rest of society hated him for it Those are some of the individuals in this part of the country that were part of the civil rights movement And they should be included in any kind of participation or Symposium or panels or Libraries that we may create throughout this nation and so far as civil rights movements are concerned There are as I have indicated other matters that must be considered in our attempt to try to reevaluate the situation The drive for women's rights is developing a full head of steam and I realize That this kind this situation must be brought in To the civil rights movement in some fashion just as I say the other ethnic minorities must be brought in at this time I Would like to develop my thesis as presented in my opening remarks by zeroing in on some work that remains to be done Among the Spanish-speaking people of the nation. I will further narrow the work to education and employment summary Hey, the Chicano and other Spanish-speaking workers should have 80,000 more jobs in federal employment than they now have Call it quotas call it whatever you want. It doesn't really matter to me. I realized what we need at least 80,000 more jobs Even if and even if we just try to measure it on a parity basis Chicano competition with foreign Mexican labor is an unfair burden on the minority group already saddled with local adverse conditions See the employment statistics used to formulate national economic plans and national employment budgets are discriminatory and A new basis must be devised by the Congress D the gains made in bilingual education must be solidified and then expanded for languages to the Chicano What color and race is to the black? private corporations Must set numerical objectives for hiring and promotion of Chicanos at the higher level We are no longer interested in the entry level positions We're already there in large numbers and I don't see any reason for making any more attempts at manpower programs That get us into the lower levels of jobs We've got to get into middle management and into the top level We are already over concentrated in the service category the laborer category and the unskilled category Positions in this nation and the gap becomes even wider and the frustrations become even greater Because we are so heavily concentrated here and absolutely nothing at the official manager and the other white collar categories One small item I think that is a thorn on the side of the Spanish-speaking people It's a matter of height requirements that are placed by police authorities throughout the nation There are large numbers of LEAA funds that are being made available to the authorities in this nation Which do not have any kind of stipulation in regard to how they are handled in so far as Spanish-speaking people are concerned One of them is height requirement There are so many ridiculous rules and regulations throughout the nation on this issue that I heard one that in the state of Washington if a person is five foot Nine inches he needs Four years of college if he is six foot tall he needs two years of college Carl Albert would need 14 years of college to be able to call Just for purposes of just a background There are about 10 million persons of Spanish surname in the United States about six million or Chicanos who live in the southwestern States of New Mexico, Texas, California, Colorado, Arizona Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Oregon and Washington a Significant number of Chicanos live in the Midwestern States of Kansas, Nebraska, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and Ohio In Illinois, incidentally, there are more Spanish-speaking people than the combined population of Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico People do not realize that there's a tremendous number of Spanish-speaking people who were there many many years ago They are the ones that built the Santa Fe Railroad and the Burlington Quincy and other railroads that connected with the east The other Spanish-speaking are Puerto Ricans in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Illinois and Washington, D.C Cubans reside generally in Florida and along the eastern seaboard in the south and central Americans are concentrated in San Francisco New York and Washington DC For purposes of some kind of a gauge or measure the 1970s Census shows that about one-third of the Spanish-speaking persons in the United States have income below the poverty level So you get an idea of where we're starting from Approximately one-third 1970 During the Johnson administration there was considerable improvement in federal government hiring of the Spanish-speaking The upper trend peaked in the 1967 to 1969 years Even though the federal workforce was being reduced the net gain and Spanish-speaking employees was 4,600 for an average of 2,300 per year In 1970 the net gain fell to 830 and as of now it is zero and According to the native latest announcements We have we were the ones who are hired last and I suspect we're the ones who are going to be the first ones out Whenever the cuts do occur so there must be some effort made here to hold the line At least in regard to these people who did not get into this employment situation until late in the game The economic problems of the Spanish-speaking are exacerbated by the policies of the US government With respect to immigration and contracting and commuting of workers from Mexico No other region contends with these problems on a similar scale Nor the group and the population is placed in the same continuing competition with the poverty of another nation During the Johnson administration the problem was recognized and the start was made by the creation of the border commission for friendship and development Unfortunately, the new commission was Wiped out by the Nixon administration and we no longer had even that to work on in so far as our relations with the Mexico I Can understand Mexico's willingness to export some of its unemployment in exchange for commercial trade What I cannot understand is why the costs of this arrangement are Saddled on a group of people that cannot afford it The US Chicano has been burdened for years with these foreign aid costs, and that's what they are foreign aid cost and And these costs of course are paid by the Chicano in the form loss of jobs discrimination second-class citizenship low pay and migrancy Now I suggest But I can understand this matter of trading All I'm saying is let's divide up the cost among the entire population and not just the Mexican America There is a way to do it certainly. There is a way certainly to deal make an arrangement with Mexico in regard to either An economic program We've gone so far as to tell the farmers in Turkey to put growing poppies and paying them for it So why can't we make arrangement with Mexico to stop this? Human exploitation Non-citizens from Mexico are the subject of heavy-handed discrimination, which is easily applied to Chicano citizens as well For there are no differences in the names features language and general characteristics I do not mean to imply that it is all right to discriminate against non-citizens But rather that some agreements must be reached to protect the rights of both I am of course opposed to any states Approving laws that propose to resolve the problem California passed recently one that required a person to Approve citizenship prior to employment Fortunately, the law was quickly declared and constitutional by the courts The problem must be resolved by agreements between the United States executive and the Mexican government Finally the naturalization and immigration service shuttle illegal Mexican aliens across the border by the hundreds And those of us who are Chicano citizens must think that they're there, but for the grace of God go on the Bureau of the Census Recently issued employment profiles on selected low-income areas in 60 cities For the first time in history Meaningful employment data are available for the Spanish-speaking people What I found was that in these particular low-income areas throughout the nation the rate of unemployment as It is measured by the standard statistics that we have today is About twice what it is for the rest of the nation in San Diego It's 12.7 in Miami 12.2 in Los Angeles is 12.1 in San Antonio is 10.1 in Denver is 9.1 rate of unemployment But if we dig in into these particular low-income areas It is not 12.1. It is not 10.1 in Denver is 31 This is unemployment and under employment in San Antonio is 35 in New York City for Puerto Ricans It's 43 in Los Angeles. It's 31 in Miami. It's 27 in San Diego It's 37 percent now I've realized that we're dealing with the worst situation in the nation the low-income areas and these figures reflect What I'm saying is that the data the statistics that on which we base our national plan For helping or assisting people throughout the United States do not reflect The real unemployment situation of the minorities and that includes the black Finally Languages to the Chicano what color is to the black in the field of civil rights and equal opportunities? Most of the national organizations engaged in the civil rights movement have never given proper consideration to the subject of language That said affects the civil rights of the Spanish-speaking people The national organizations have never given the language issue prior to consideration And what little has been done has been carried out without their participation The time has come to Fisher cut bait on the language issue There is widening division among the blacks and the Chicano I like many others here have fought to preserve the unity among all people for many years But the burden is getting heavier and the local Chicano and white ethnic leaders will no longer support strictly white black priority issues Perhaps if the white black leadership will include in some of their plans the top Chicano priorities We might be able to bring together The forces that open so many doors for people of all races colors national origins and religions Mr. Marshall had to step out for a few minutes, so we recognize Mr. Burke next. Thank you very much congressman Chief Justice Warren and to the distinguished guest here I Would like to address my remarks to that part of Mr. Bond speaks it Discussed reaction or appeasement politics But before I do that for I would like to at least comment on the remarks that were made by congressman Gonzales When he asked the question Why is it we don't see people walking in the streets and marching and why is it we don't see? the overt Evidence of discontent Well, I would hope that we don't misread that and believe that there is not great discontent The only question is how is that discontent being manifested? I? Say one reason that we don't see those evidences of discontent is because there has been almost and Organized suppression of leadership among minorities there has been what we have observed in the past few years And all not only suppression of leadership But dismembering of the kind of organizations that were probably in great Responsibility for part of the changes we saw during the civil rights era and When we talk about the political prisoner the political prisoners not a fragment of someone's imagination It is something that we have witnessed and we are observing today and to the extent that we're going to have change We're going to have to have first of all recognized that we have to allow People not to have self-destruction, but be able to come together and Certainly if one of the things that are really preventing progress is the fact that blacks and Chicanos Somehow often don't identify who the real enemy is and instead of fighting each other I hope that we can come together organized together If all the minorities of this country and the poor of this country ever came together We have a realignment of parties with redirection and we would get over some of those things that are now We're seeing as we're we talk about them as being the quiet Effect of the 70s. It's it's really not quiet because of a lack of something to do. It's quiet that's being placed upon us and Part of this is a great danger Within some of our political parties and I suggest that I'm sure that one of the reasons I'm here is because of my activities with the Democratic Party, so I'd like to really address myself to that party It is true that we cannot do anything Unless we bring Republicans and Democrats together in our agenda At the same time, I think as within the Democratic Party, which has been traditionally the one that we've looked to in terms of New direction We have some dangers of appeasement politics it is There's a great danger always when you lose an election, but there's nothing wrong with losing an election People lose elections all the time and maybe that's what makes them statesman, but the danger is when you start looking at opinion polls to direct your future and To me the greatest danger today Is that the Democratic Party will look around and say Because we didn't win that election We're not going to give leadership We're gonna go back and get start wallowing in some of this racism and Joining with some of those people who are the cause of us coming going back instead of going forward and To me the greatest challenge is for the Democratic Party to say we know that we're made up of People who are very discontented in and I say not just minorities We know that there's a great the hard hat the middle America is discontented But to the extent that we say we're going to then change our position to go over and join Wallace is not leadership What is needed is not the suppression of leadership or the appeasement or of of you know poll politics What is needed is really an agenda where we say we're going to re-educate Middle America We're going to re-educate them to Understand that the reason they can't walk the streets at night is not because we have to start suppressing more people and Because we've allowed people to run the street The reason is because we have not paid attention to some of the priorities that we should have paid attention to We have to give new direction and new leadership I hope when we come out up here today We can say there are any number of things that we have to address ourselves to prison reform is one of those things We have to address ourselves to the problems of poverty and it's true We have to talk about a kind of a tax system that does not keep that little man down there We've got to talk about a welfare system that gives new hope, but we've also got to talk about new leadership and new responsibility and This is our agenda because the civil rights movement is dead But we're gonna have to resurrect it But it's not going to be resurrected as it was 10 years ago because we know with new Times come new methods Today we're not going to be able to have the same kind of militancy Necessarily that we saw five years ago because we're going to have new methods What those methods are is what we have to talk about and we have to give leadership rather than reaction Julian I want to sort of make a Statementer and ask you to respond to it is in addition to responding with The people said on the panel now And the statement is is based not only on what has just been said but on the all of the speeches including the chief justices and Roy Wilkins and your own It seems to me that That it And and also because of what the congressman Gonzales and Mr He men has said it seems to me that as I said at the outset that the Agenda of the civil rights movement, which then existed in the 60s was rather clear and it was an agenda directed at black problem and The black problem was clear and it was historical and therefore it wasn't a Minority problem. It was specifically a black problem and it was caused by the Segregation system which was imposed by law By law not just custom and not just prejudice but by law Throughout 17 states and and to some extent Riding over as we will remember in 19 Before 1954 these schools as well as the restaurants were all segregated in the district of Columbia Which is the nation's capital Now So that the agenda was clear and it was directed at a black problem and it was directed at clearing away a problem which faced only blacks and You could do that through legislation You could do that by directing yourself particularly at the problem and the executive branch The legislature branch and particularly the courts. I think Have largely dealt with it well now as Senator Humphrey has pointed out as You've pointed out as Clarence Mitchell pointed out The problems that facing are facing blacks Are not problems that are just facing blacks and therefore in a sense are not facing blacks because they are blacks They are also facing other minority groups. They are facing the Chicano They are facing Puerto Rican They are facing the American Indian and they are facing ethnic groups that do not have any racial identification That those problems are are fundamentally Economic problems and problems relating to the distribution of wealth and the distribution of services such as health services it seems to me that We have a problem not just of a political coalition and Not just of putting together groups that will face those problems commonly But that we also have a problem because we do not know the answers We do not have an agenda that that can be translated into legislation or court cases or or into Executive answer that will deal with those problems not only for blacks but for People that are disadvantaged generally including whites, Chicanos Puerto Ricans, American Indians and so forth Now if that is a fair statement of what the civil rights movement was about in the past and a fair statement of Where we are now How how do you respond to that what kind of a political action do you think Should be taken by people like yourself that are black leaders To respond to that so that you don't it doesn't end up in sort of a fight for everybody getting his peace of an action Which is limited and Which is a common problem to a lot of people all of them need all of whom need help Well first let me say I don't know I think what you said is a is generally a fair representation Of what the 60s were and what the 70s have turned out to be Talk about competition between ethnic groups the one of the poor results of the poverty program has been to pit blacks and and browns against each other for the Jobs very down at the bottom and to cause these two groups to compete with each other and to Watch the program being removed from above them while they scuffle and fight over Five and four and six and seven thousand dollar a year jobs. I honestly don't know what the answer is I think it's a combination of trying to put back together the coalition that Was so successful in the era of mr. Mitchell talked about which I think has has just been fractured and shattered it developed during the Roosevelt presidency and Followed through the the Johnson presidency and began to crumble with the Humphrey candidacy and fell into complete disarray with the McGovern candidacy and I think the What's caused it to fall apart is a great many different things What would put it back together is something I have no notion of but if It was generally made up of the the churches the unions What you could call the New Deal Southern liberals the organized and respectable liberal left the the non-white ethnic minorities and the white ethnic groups in the country What you've described as happening contributed to it falling apart that each of these groups became more interested in itself than it was in the whole a Separatism not in a racial sense, but in a in a political sense became more important than seeking Political advantage that would accrue to the to the total group and so the the old coalition fell apart But how it's to be put back together. I just have no notion. I I don't think it's parts of the same as they once were A great deal the conscience found in some of these groups no longer is there or has gone off in some other direction It's just beyond me I've read part of I didn't hear senator Humphrey's speech But read part of it and seemed to me he was saying what had to be done that you had to find some way to make a new appeal to these groups of people and to Suggest to them that if you pass X piece of legislation dealing with a problem of health then not only does it affect black people but Spanish surname people Appalachian whites and Native Americans and so on But how you get the people with the real Leavers of power in their hand to respond to that in 1972 as they might have in the middle 1960s. I honestly do not know. I just just have no notion what's well Clarence, excuse me for just a minute. I have to step out for a minute. I want I was going to Say something I was going to ask you to respond to that before you do I want to read a question and the This question is from Andy Bremmer who as you know as a member of the Federal Reserve Board and has served in very distinguished way in that for several years and The question is relevant to this and so I wanted to read it before I stepped out It says on the eve of the major breakthrough in civil rights of the 1950s and 1960s Blacks had the technicians Lawyers etc and instruments courts political action mass meetings etc required for the task The movement was also guided by a central strategy Today the task is economic and the instruments technicians and strategy are not so evident How can these limitations be overcome and who can provide the leadership? In response to that question and also what mr. Marshall said earlier, I would like to say this It's I seldom accept Agreements and arrangements to participate in panel Because it's so hard to keep quiet when something said when that you don't agree with And the main reason I came down here is because I wanted to pay my respect to President Johnson For the great things that he has done But I would say this with respect to the formulation of what we were fighting for in the Period of the 50s 60s and even before as long as I've been in Washington, which is now some 30 years I have never conceived our objective to be merely getting rights for black Americans Every piece of legislation that we have tried to formulate which would cover jobs housing and things of that sort has to do with race Religion and national origin that that caused a big dispute there were many people who argued that the Religion and national origin weren't things contemplated by the Reconstruction period and therefore maybe we weren't on sound constitutional grounds to include those we used to say race religion or Something having to do with belief and many people thought well if you say belief that means you Defend somebody who is charged with being a communist and so why don't we Confine it to race religion or national origin that business about the communists never made sense to me But be that as it may we had to have a viable working force and we agreed on race religion and national origin The first time I ever came into this state on government business It had to do not with discrimination against black people, but discriminating nation against Mexican Americans And it was largely because of their Spanish speaking problem that I was down here when we were working for the 1965 Voting Rights Act There were some people who thought that they would trip us up by adding an amendment which would help the non-English speaking Puerto Ricans To vote in the state of New York to the everlasting credit of senator Robert Kennedy and senator Jacob Javits Who could have been affected politically by those? Decisions we agreed to have the law rewritten so that the Spanish the non-English speaking Puerto Ricans and indeed any other group That couldn't speak English, but was entitled to the right to vote could vote And I'm happy to say that decision was upheld by the great United States Supreme Court under a mr Justice Warren, and I just think I wonder what we've been doing in this country all these years when we've had these gigantic things happening and getting Tangible results and somebody comes up and says it ain't nothing and I mean it ain't nothing That's what they say. I had I was amazing English, but I'm purposely using vernacular and I I find too that with respect to the kind of question about economics This is a terrible mistake There is no way to separate the things that we have been working for from the economic issues When you talk about fair employment legislation you talk about people getting a job When you talk about the right to vote you are electing the people who are going to make the laws to decide whether somebody's going to be Put in jail because they erroneously got on a welfare role There's no way to separate these two things. There is this one thing and I will go again to the Johnson Lexicon The president got me over as white as one day and said Clarence I'm getting ready to do something that you didn't ask me to do Whitney young didn't ask me to do Roy Wilkins didn't ask me to do I decided to do it. He said you've got Great lawyers. Everybody knows that You have got great doctors and teachers. Everybody knows that But he said I want the white people of this country to know that you've got great business brains And I'm gonna appoint Andy Bremmer to the Federal Reserve board. Now, that's the way you do it You start bringing in and mobilizing the people like Governor Bremmer and the people who have economic resources and know how Bring them into the struggle not because the struggle is on a new dimension But for implementing the original intentions which which were to make all of the people of this country The beneficiaries of all the good things in American life Mr. Marshall, I'm gonna inject myself here. I'm falling victim to what Mr. Mitchell so aptly described as the unavoidable temptation when you get on these panels to put in a little bit in view of what was said here with respect to other minority groups first in 1957 I don't think that the picture in Texas could have been any grimmer Could have been any more despondent In fact far beyond anything we could hope to conceive as being grim today. I certainly agree with mr. Mitchell I think that it'd be a tactical mistake for us to leave here With the implication that some other ethnic minority groups Have as a main intention to Strangle in separatism I think this is not the main thrust Believe this would be an error. I think that the undying gratitude and debt To the American of Negro descent that all of us has cannot be denied But in 1957 In the in the middle of the debates here in the state Senate with respect to what was called a massive kid of resistance That came down from Virginia and around the southern states. I Found to not too much of my surprise


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