Welcome back to class. We'll continue with verse Timothy chapter 6. So we're looking at the last two verses, the last section, where he's telling Timothy to God what has been entrusted to him. Okay, verses 20 and 21. So can somebody read verses 20 and 21 please. Verse Timothy chapter 6 verses 20 and 21. Can somebody read that? Yeah, thank you Kannan. O Timothy God that was committed to your trust, avoiding the profane and ideal babbling, babblings and contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge by professing it somehow straight concerning the faith. Grace be with you. Amen. Thank you Kannan. So here Paul is ending this letter telling Timothy to God what has been entrusted to him. So he's admonishing Timothy to God, which means to keep, to preserve, to watch over what has been given to him, the truth of the gospel that has been given to him, the ministry that has been entrusted to him. Now we know that Timothy was with Paul for 18 years and in this 18 years Paul has taught him, Paul has trained him well. And so he's telling Timothy to God all that has been committed to his care. Okay. And then he's also telling him to avoid getting into things that falsely called knowledge. You know, people who have got into this false teachings, they think that it is the right knowledge, the true knowledge. But he says it will only end up drawing people away from the faith. And so he's saying don't focus on intellectual arguments because they have no fruits, they bear no fruit. They only end up from, you know, taking people away from the truth and away from God. And so he's telling Timothy, you know, you guard the fruit of the spirit that has been given to you. Guard the gifts of the spirit, guard the anointing that he has been entrusted or been given to you. And we see that Paul, you know, when he later writes second Timothy from Rome, we see that he's directly and specifically will write to Timothy instructing him how to live as a man of God. Okay. So that is the end of chapter six, and the end of first Timothy. And the key takeaway from this chapter six is verse six, where it says, now godliness with contentment is gate, great gain. Okay. So it's important for us as believers to live godly lives, to live content lives. Because if we live lives with a content, then we are not running to make more money. We are not looking for privileges. We're not looking for honor. We're not looking for more position when we want more position, we're trying to pull others down. We sorry, we fight for positions. We can do anything, even compromise things to get into places of leadership. And even when we want you know, big house, big car, whatever we can do things, even as ministers of God, to compromise things just to gain more money and to be more rich.  And I think that is a key takeaway for us as well. We need to learn to be godly and to be content. Okay, that is the end of first Timothy. Anyone has any questions, any doubts? No. Any questions you have? Before we move to second Timothy, I would like each one of you to at least share, you know, what was your key takeaway for in first Timothy? Okay, what did you, if you learned anything new, if something is impressed upon your heart, what is something are your key takeaways, it can be more than one, or it can just be one. So we'll do that, just so you can keep thinking about that. Because I want each one of you to answer. Before that, we'll just decide when we can have our tests for on first Timothy. Okay, we're going to have four tests, one for first Timothy, one for second Timothy, then Titus and Philemon. So when do you want to have your tests for first Timothy? Any suggestions? No suggestions? Okay, then can I suggest 16th February? Is that okay? Or is that too early? Do you want 16th or 23rd? Are all of you in the class? Can you please type in the chat section, whether you want 16th or the 23rd, or you can unmute your mics and say whether you want 16th or 23rd please. 16th, Thomas says 16th, okay, all are going with Thomas. Both are good. Thank you, Kannan. Anyone else? Okay, both are good. Okay, then we'll go with 16th because most of you are okay with 16th. Okay, so we'll have 16th. Yeah. Okay, so now can each one of you just take a couple of minutes to share what was your key takeaway in first Timothy? Thomas, would you like to start? Okay ma'am, things are there, especially for the people those who are serving in the dump. They should have the good testimony. That's very, very important. A person can stand and preach the whole scripture, but if he doesn't show in action in his life, people won't follow and people won't take any message from him and that would be a bad example, but conduct more than our words. So he says that if a servant of God should have the good testimony, so that part is really touched my heart and many things are there talking about the money, especially in the ministry. Three things according to me is very important, one is name and fame, money and director. So money is very, very important. Many men and God has fallen into the trap of money because of their ministry, their vision, their mission, everything lost, they lost the connection with the God itself. That's why Jesus said he served two masters. So that's, we have to be very careful where we are, how we're handling the money. That's very important. At the same time, we're talking about the masters where we are in ministry or in the secular job. We have to be in a godly manner. We have to obey the masters. We have to honor the people who are above us. So these are the main things what I've taken from this chapter. Thank you, Thomas. Okay, we can go the next person. Dev. Yes, sure. Kiran, go ahead. The Lord, being an example that touched my heart at first, being an example of the living godliness and all. If we do our part and we walk by faith in all and humanity and 36 and 11 was 11 to last part 21, the all is touch me so much and 11 was he saying, but you oh man of God free these things, pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, peace and gentleness and fight the good fight of faith and whole internal life to which you wear the gold. That part is very nice and all and touch me very being an example. We have to, I have to walk being an example other than after my younger brother and sister, they can see me and all and they can glorify to God like that. I have to walk and I have to more taking righteousness, holiness and all things from God and walk by faith in all. Thank you. Thank you, Kiran. So anyone likes to share about what was your takeaways from chapters one to chapter six? Yeah, like Kiran said, you know, set an example. Paul says even in chapter, writes in chapter four, says set an example in word, in conduct, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. So we need to set an example in all of those areas. Yeah, Erin, you can go next. Yes. Yeah, one thing that really took me away from chapter six is like, like you mentioned from verse chapter, chapter six, verse one to two is our life. Our life is like open book. I mean, open Bible to the unbeliever. It's not, it's, this line really took me away because it's not only for the unbeliever, but even to the believer because I heard some of friends, they told me that they didn't want, they don't want to go to church or they don't want to attend the church because most of, most of the leaders in the church in this generation, they used to preach about love, faith, but they don't egg. Right after the church service, they used to, they don't egg the way they preach. So this line really took me away. And the second thing is like as a servant of God, we need to have a right attitude in our heart. And third is that as a servant of God, as a leader, we need to have a good character and we have to be humble while we are serving. Thank you. Good. Thank you so much, Adam, for sharing. Kannon has written how to deal with false teachers in the church, the responsibility and qualifications of church leaders. Still, there are many things, but I like these things from First Timothy. Okay. Thank you, Kannon. What about Dave and Prince? Dave, you like to share Prince? Okay. Godliness. Prince says Godliness doesn't mean for gain, for making money. And from chapter one, love must flow out from a pure heart. Okay. Thank you. So we left with Dave. Are you there, Dave? Okay. We'll move on to Second Timothy chapter one. Okay. Before we look at chapter one, we will look at the introduction to Second Timothy. So far, Paul has completed almost 24 years of ministry. He has traveled to 15 major cities. And for 18 years, we see that Timothy was with Paul. And just after his first Roman imprisonment, he travels to Crete. He leaves Titus there, travels to Ephesus. He leaves Timothy there because of the need of those churches and because they require godly leaders, somebody to oversee things, to take in charge, to set things in place in order. And then we see that Paul leaves Ephesus, and then he travels to a few more cities, and then he goes to Rome. And then in Rome, he is imprisoned for the second time. This is around AD 67 to 68.  And death is like looming large over him. And then he writes, so he writes the second letter to Timothy, which are his final words of instructions to his son in the faith. Okay. We also see him writing, requesting Timothy to come soon, but it really does not happen because he's martyred shortly after he writes this episode in AD 68. And tradition, you know, reports to us mentions that he was beheaded. Since he was a Roman citizen, it's like unlikely he could have been put to death in any other manner. Okay. So we just completed looking at chapter first Timothy, chapters one to chapter six. We see there Paul's giving instructions to Timothy and how to lead the local church of believers at Ephesus. Now, second Timothy is more personal, where Paul is sharing more specific instructions to Timothy on how to live a life as a minister of God. Okay. So we look at second Timothy, chapter one. Okay. Can somebody read versus one and two, please? Second Timothy, chapter one, versus one and two. We don't know. Sorry. Can you just open your Bibles and read, please? Can I read? Yeah, sure. Okay. Paul and Apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life, which is in Christ Jesus, Timothy, a beloved son, grace, mercy and peace from God, the Father and the Christ Jesus our Lord. Thank you. So here Paul is again acknowledging that he's an apostle of Jesus Christ, and he's not an apostle because he has called himself an apostle or he feels he's an apostle or he's doing the work of an apostle. And so he's given himself this designation. No, he's saying that he's an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God. Okay. So it's God who determines who will be an apostle, who will be a prophet, who will be a priest. It's God who determines that. Okay. And he says that he is an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, according to the promise of life, which is in Christ Jesus. Now this statement, according to the promise of life, which is in Christ Jesus, is a very unique statement that he's mentioned here, compared to the other greetings in other Paul's letters. But he mentions this phrase according to the promise of life here. And it is so appropriate because Paul was imprisoned again. And he knows that he's going to face that very, very soon, because he's mentioning about this later on in his epistle. But yet here he mentions this profound truth that we have as a promise that Paul also has as a promise.  Now zoe is the eternal life. It means it's the God kind of life. And so he's saying that, you know, he has the promise of life. That means he has the promise of eternal life.  He will be killed, but he has this assurance or this hope of this eternal life that he's going to receive, that he's going to live with his maker, his creator, his savior, that is Jesus Christ. So this phrase, according to the promise of life, is very unique here, and not mentioned in other greetings in Paul's other letters. And then he says grace, mercy, and peace. And he says grace, mercy, and peace comes to us from. Who does it come to us from? Who gives us grace, mercy, and peace from Jesus Christ? Yes, Jesus Christ, God, he is the source, he is the giver of, and the one who blesses us with grace, mercy, and peace. And we see that his grace, mercy, and peace is unlimited, okay, and abounding. And hence we also can pray every day that God blesses me with your abounding, unlimited grace, mercy, and peace. We can also pray this for others. We can pray the same when we pray for others as well, okay. Now we'll move on to verse three. Can somebody read verse three, please? Yes ma'am. Timoti, I thank God for you. The God I serve with a clear conscience just as my ancestors did night and day. I constantly remember you in my prayers. Okay, thank you. Here Paul is saying, I serve God with a pure conscience. Now if you were reminded that, you know, earlier in his letter in 1st Timothy, Paul emphasizes again and again these words pure and good conscience. He mentions this at least three times. Now he's saying the same thing here in relationship to how he has been serving God, okay. And it's a good lesson for all of us who desire to serve God that when we serve God, we need to serve God with a clear, good, and a pure conscience, okay. Only when we serve God with a clear conscience, a pure and a right conscience, then we can live right before God and man. And Paul says that he has served God with a pure conscience as his forefathers did. That is, you know, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and all those in the lineage, you know, all of them Paul says have walked righteously before God and man, and they have walked in the revelation that, you know, they had, or they received at that time, and they did what was right in the sight of God according to the revelation they received, or they heard, or they learned at that time. Now in this age, in this time, you know, we have greater revelations. We have received more revelations than how much more should we live our lives, right, honoring, and pleasing and worthy in the sight of God, okay. And Paul's mentioning his affection for Timothy, and his affection for Timothy is so great that he's saying that he continuously remembers to pray for Timothy, okay. So also we learn a lesson here that, you know, we need to continuously pray for people, pray for people in need, pray for people we know, and we need to pray for them continuously, pray, pray for those who have not received salvation, pray continuously till they are saved. We'll move on to verses four and five. Can somebody read verses four and five, please? Okay, I'll read them.  Thank you, Thomas. So here, you know, Paul is mentioning his desire, he greatly desires to see Timothy, so he writes about it, but sadly, and he's not able to meet him because shortly after he writes this letter, he's martyred, and he's saying he's mindful of your tears, that means he, Paul remembers the tears that Timothy shed in their last parting when he leaves Timothy at Ephesus, and he, he then goes on to talk about the genuine faith that was passed on through the generations to Timothy, first from his grandmother, Louise, and his mother, Eunice, and Paul says, I'm sure the faith is in you as well. So we see how the faith was passed on from his grandmother to his mother, from his mother to Timothy, and that is what God desires. He desires the faith of one generation to be passed on to the succeeding generations, to the next generations. God desires the spiritual truths, the anointing to be passed on from one generation to the next generation, but we know that this does not happen automatically. We have, each generation has to work to ensure that this happens. First of all, we need to be very careful to model our lives before our children and our grandchildren, model lives before the youth and the children in our church, because that is what genuine faith looks like in everyday life. That's when they will know what genuine faith looks like in everyday life, okay? We know that children and youth don't like to be preached at, told what to do, told what not to do. All they are learning is by just watching us. So through our very lives, you know, we need to model to them our faith, our walk with Christ, our relationship with God, and the genuine faith of what it means in everyday life. Children will and grandchildren will see it when they look at us the way we live, the way we work, the way we walk, the way we talk, okay? There's a classroom saying, sorry, there's a saying that in the classroom, things are taught. At home, more things are taught than taught, okay? I'll repeat that again. In the classroom, things are taught. Children are taught things in the classroom, okay? But at home, more things are taught than taught. That means children catch more things by just observing their parents, their grandparents than they are being taught. So so important for us to model a Godly lifestyle because children are catching what we are saying, we're doing our behaviour, our attitude, and they're learning from us. What's the six and seven? Can somebody read that please? Therefore, I remind you to stir up the gift of God, which is in you through the lying of my hands, for God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of the sound mind. Thank you Kiran. So here Paul is reminding Timothy to stir up the gift of God. Timothy was a very gifted person. He had a great number of good values that were beneficial for the kingdom of God, to be a leader, to be a servant of God, to be a minister of God. But Paul has noticed that even though he is very well gifted, he has all the characteristics, attributes, nature of being a good leader, strong spiritual leader. But he's seen a timid streak in Timothy, Timothy is very timid. So for this reason, we see that Paul is often encouraging Timothy to be strong and to be bold. We also see, we also gather information or it also appears that Timothy might have been reluctant to exercise his spiritual gifts. Perhaps he feels intimidated because there are people who are older to him who are leaders. And suddenly he's a young person here put in this church and he has to tell the leaders what is right, what is wrong, tell them what to do, what not to do, and all of those things. So he's feeling a little intimidated and maybe not feeling too bold to carry on his responsibilities. So we see in first and second Timothy, 25 different places, we see Paul encouraging Timothy to be bold, not to shy away from confrontation, to stand up where he needs to stand up to be strong because of who Timothy was and the responsibilities he has to bear. And we see that he keeps on repeating this or mentioning this again and again because he knew that Timothy had to hear this, he needed to be constantly encouraged. So here in 1 Timothy chapter 4 verse 12, he's encouraging Timothy, sorry in 1 Timothy chapter 4 verse 12 Paul encourages Timothy not to let his youth hold him back, you know, from fulfilling his responsibilities, but he encourages him, exhausts him to exercise his gifts. In 1 Timothy chapter 4 verse 14 Paul says, don't neglect the gift that is in you which was given to you by prophecy and laying on of hands by the elders. And again here Paul is going on to tell Timothy, you know, stir up the gift of faith, okay, reminds him to stir up the gift of God which is in him to the laying on of hands. Now what is the meaning of stir up? What's the meaning of stir up? What's the meaning of stir up? It means to kindle a flame to fire up, you know, to keep it alive.   So it means to kindle a flame to fire up, yes, to keep burning, okay, and to be strong, okay. So how do we stir up the gifts that God has given us? Okay, how do we stir up the gift of God that is in us? Come on, that's quite simple.  Sorry Thomas? By exercising the gift. What did you say? Say that again? Exercising the gift. Okay, thank you. Exercise the gifts that has been given to you. Don't let it just be dormant. Just don't receive and keep it, but exercise it, use it. Yes, Karnan says through prayer and practice, yes, praying, practicing, you know, stepping out, using the gifts that God has given you. Karnan says by praying, words, speaking the words of faith, words of scripture, by putting into practice, yes, kingdom words. Yes, it's basically, you know, through worship, personal worship time with God, corporate worship, praying. It's also through reading God's word and also, you know, like most of you said, exercising the gifts. The more you use the gifts, the more stronger it becomes in your life, okay. So that is how we stir up the gifts. And so Paul is telling Timothy, stir up the gifts which is in you through the laying on of hands, laying on of my hands. Okay, so the spiritual gifts we see that can be imparted to us. It can be initiated in us or get started in us, you know, when one believer lays his hand on the other believer or we know the spiritual gifts can also be imparted or activated, you know, by one believer into another believer.   Dunamis is powerful. Okay, so the Holy Spirit has power, he gives us the power. The Holy Spirit fills us with power, with love and a sound mind that is talking about sound mind here is meaning self-control, discipline, and self-governing ability. Okay, so that is what he mentions here, you know, for God has not given us a spirit of fear but a spirit of power, love, and a sound mind. So, you know, often we don't use our gifts or we don't exercise our gifts because of fear, we're afraid what if we say things are wrong, if we, it doesn't happen the way we have said it, people will laugh at us, people would mock us.  Okay, he fills us with his love, that is agape love, talking about God's kind of love and a sound mind. Sound mind is a mind that is self-controlled, disciplined and has self-governing ability. So, it's interesting that Paul mentions these three, power, love, and self-control in the context of using the gifts of God. So, we know that the gifts of God, when we use it, we exercise it with the power of, we exercise in the power of God, we exercise it with the love of God and we exercise it in the self-controlled manner. Okay, so when you exercise the gifts of the spirit, when you flow in the gifts of wisdom or knowledge or prophecy or, you know, interpreting of tongues, whatever it is, you know, you need to understand or know that you're exercising this in the power of God, with the love of God, and in a self-controlled manner. Okay, sometimes we see people who exercise the gifts, they are totally out of control. No, the Holy Spirit is somebody who helps us gain control, maintain control, and do things in a lot of, in a self-controlled manner. Okay, so don't fear, don't pull back your gifts, but stir up your gifts, use it, the more you use it, the more you will flow in it, the more you're using it, you're exercising your faith, and believe that the Holy Spirit is going to work in and through his power with his love and help you to exercise it in a self-controlled way. Let's move on to verse eight. Can somebody read verse eight, please? Therefore, do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me. He is prisoner, but share with me in the suffering for the gospel according to the power of God. Thank you, Kiran. So Paul is saying, therefore, Timothy, you know, he has just told him about the spirit of power, love, and a sound mind, and he says, you know, use exercise your gift with courage, because that is the birthright of every believer in Christ Jesus. Now he is telling Timothy how to let what God has given him to guide his thinking. Okay, in the view of the spirit that God has given us, you know, let us not be ashamed about speaking about Jesus or about our Lord and Savior. So he says, don't be ashamed about preaching and teaching the right doctrine, the truth, the wholesome truth. Don't be ashamed of the gospel. Don't be also ashamed of identifying with genuine ministers of God, even if they're suffering for the sake of the gospel, even if they're suffering for Christ's sake, but share in the sufferings of the gospel. And basically, Paul is writing this because it was the end of this letter.  So they broke contacts with him. They disowned him. So Paul is telling him, don't, you know, be ashamed of identifying with genuine ministers of God who are suffering, being persecuted or being imprisoned because of the sake of Christ because of preaching the gospel. And he's telling him to share in the sufferings of the gospel because God's power, that is his dunamis power, his miraculous working power, not only enables us to, you know, flow in mighty science, miracles and wonders, but his power, his dunamis power also enables us to take part in the sufferings for the gospel. And Paul is saying, according to the power of God, so Paul actually suffered according to the power of God, which means that the power of God is always there. Okay, it's always available, but it's his power does not remove the difficulties that we will face. Sometimes God's power is always also available to see us through the difficult and the challenging and distressing situations that we face. So when, you know, when we are believers flowing mightily in the gifts of the Spirit, you know, we think that the power of God is made available only for us to do mighty science, miracles and wonders into preachers word. No, but his power is also available for us, you know, to see us through the difficult times and to remove the difficult situations that we are facing. So this is another important dimension of the working of God's miraculous power, that his miraculous working power has the ability to help us endure sufferings, that is persecutions, hardships, oppositions for the sake of the gospel. Okay, so verse nine, can somebody read verse nine please? Verse nine? Who has saved us and called us with the holy calling into our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was in Christ Jesus before time began. Thank you, Thomas. So here, this is a very powerful and a fully, you know, loaded verse so much in just in this one verse. It says here that if we are saved, then we are automatically called. That means when we are saved, we are also called and we are called. And this calling is a holy calling. It's a call to holiness. It's a call to living a morally pure upright life in Christ Jesus. Okay, so Paul is saying here that God has called us to his own purpose and his grace. He's not called us according to our works, our achievements, our successes. So our calling is not based upon how good we are, the good works we have done, or our accomplishments or success.   No, our calling is not or the purpose that God has for us. And this calling is not dependent on the good works that we do.  Okay, he's called us to his own purpose and grace. So we all have a calling, we have a purpose, and all this is according to the grace of God. Okay, so God calls us to his purpose, and he gives us the grace to walk in the call and the purpose that he has envisioned for us, that he has purpose for us, that he has called us to. So we see that there is something that God has planned even before time began.  Okay, so it refers to God's full knowledge of things. God has predestined, preplanned everything, even before the creation of the world, even before you and I were born, he has a plan and a purpose for us. We can read about this in Romans chapter 8 verse 29 as well. So this is a very wonderful thing that God, when we are saved, we are automatically called and he gives us the grace to fulfill his calling. Okay, that means, ma'am, we are chosen before we are born. Yes, we are chosen before we are born, but we need to understand this that, you know, predestination, one of the, you know, theological aspects of predestination, it does not mean that God is be partial in choosing some for eternal life and choosing some for eternal death. No, because that's not what we read. We read in scripture that it's God's good, perfect will that all men be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth. Okay, so when we say that God chose us even before the creation of the world, it's basically that we, he knows that we are going to make a choice of, you know, receiving him as our Lord and Savior. Okay, so he knows beforehand and that's why he has purposed this for us. So God is sovereign. We need to understand and choosing based on his nature of being sovereign. God is sovereign. He purposes things. He has his own plan, purpose will that he wants to bring about in his street, in our lives, but also the other part of his sovereignty is that he has given us the free will, the free moral will to choose. Okay, so we can choose. And if we choose, we go according to his plan and purpose. If we don't choose, we go according to our own plan and purpose and we bear the consequences of it. So that God know that Adam and Eve are going to eat from the tree that he asked them not to eat from. And then, you know, everything that he created perfect is going to be imperfect and sin is going to come into the world. Yes, he knew that. And he also has a plan for it.  Oh, now what should I do? You know, Adam and Eve made the wrong choice. No, God already knows that they're going to choose. He already has a plan to fulfill his purpose. And he will bring about his plan and purpose irrespective of the wrong choices that we make. Okay, so that is the whole aspect about choosing and choice. So when we say God, God predestined, it's not that he's showing favoritism or partiality. No, his other nature is he's not a God who's partial or shows favoritism. But he knows the choices that we are going to make beforehand. Okay, so we'll move on to West. Did I answer your question, Kiran? You said, okay. Thank you, ma'am. Okay. Okay, verse 10. Can somebody read verse 10, please. But now it has been revealed to us through the coming of our Savior, Christ Jesus. He has entered the power of death and through the gospel has revealed immortal life. Thank you. So Paul knows that he's going to die, but he says that Jesus is his Savior and he says that he has life and immortality through the gospel, through him being saved because of what Jesus has done. So the Lord Jesus is our Savior and Jesus came to reveal the purpose and the grace of God and Jesus we also see fulfilled the eternal plan of salvation that God had in mind even before the creation of the world or the foundation of the world.  Okay.  The life here is the zoe life that is the immortal life, the eternal life that is unending existence, a life that is uncorrupted or does not have any corruption and we can receive this zoe life, this God kind of life, this fullness of life when we accept Jesus as our Lord and Savior. So Jesus came to completely abolish or cause to cease death and instead he has given us the zoe life, the God kind of life, the fullness of life. Okay. So we know that death has been defeated on the cross and now we have the zoe life. We read this in 1 John chapter 5 verse 11 and 12 and this life and the life of immortality, you know we would we're already experiencing here the fullness of the God kind of life here now as we live because we've accepted Jesus Christ but we will experience it in its fullness in this entirety in the future, you know which is our future inheritance at the resurrection which is mentioned in 1 Thessalonians chapter 4 verses 13 and 18 you can read that later on and 1 Corinthians chapter 15 verses 51 and 58 where it says the Lord Himself will come, the dead in Christ will arise and mortal will put on immortality that means our bodies are mortal now, you know it will put on immortality that means immortality means life, unending eternal life and that is the hope we have in the gospel. Okay. So this is the hope that Paul is having in his situation now. He knows he's going to die any moment you know but he's saying that it's not going to end here. He has his hope, his assurance that he's soon going to see his maker and creator and he's going to receive this eternal life, this life immortal. Okay. We'll move on to verse 11. Can somebody read verse 11 please? Verse 11 Paul writes to which I was appointed a preacher and an apostle and a teacher of the Gentiles so he's saying you know this life which I received, the salvation which I received and Jesus Christ this is what I preach and I'm appointed by God Himself to be a preacher and apostle and a teacher to the Gentiles so he's stating his call, the purpose that God has on his life, his call and his purpose is to you know to minister to the Gentiles. Verse 12, can somebody read verse 12? For this reason I also suffer these things, nevertheless I am not ashamed for I know whom I have believed and I am persuaded that he is able to keep what I have committed to him until that day. Amen. Thank you. So here we see that you know as Christians you know our believers are called, the calling of God for our life is not exempt from or is not without suffering hardships, oppositions and persecutions. We see that Paul is imprisoned, he is imprisoned not because of something wrong that he has done but he is imprisoned because he is or he's in chains because of the gospel and he says he's not ashamed of the gospel. So in earlier in you know in this chapter Paul encourages Timothy not to be ashamed and now Paul is making his own statement on why he is not ashamed to suffer for the sake of the gospel. He says you know because not only because he is supernaturally empowered by the Holy Spirit but he also gives two reasons. The first reason is he says I know whom I have believed and the second reason he says is I know he's able to keep what I have committed to him. Okay so why is Paul saying he's not ashamed of the gospel? The first the main reason is of course he's you know he's empowered supernaturally by the Holy Spirit but he also gives two additional reasons. The first one he says is I know whom I have believed it means you know he knows that the one who he has believed has given him this promise of eternal life, Zoë life, the God kind of life and the one who has promised this life is Jesus Christ the Savior who is the source of grace, mercy and truth which he mentions in verse one okay and he says he has given us immortality. The second thing the assurance he has or the reason that he has why he's not ashamed of the gospel he says I know he's able to keep what I have committed to him that means he's able to guard God is able to guard what I have deposited with him okay that means God is able to protect, save God and keep what Paul has committed to him until that day so he's saying I have placed my life in his hands and he's quite assured and quite confident and very confident that God is able to keep what he has entrusted to him okay the second part of this verse could be seen in both ways and both ways are true in their sense we can see this way he's able to guard what has been committed by me to him or God is also able to guard what has been committed to me by him okay so both of these ways or rendering these this verse in both these ways are true that God is able to guard what has been committed by me to him so whatever we have entrusted to God our very lives our salvation our hope our confidence in him he's able to guard that and also God is able to guard what has been committed to us by him okay so whatever he's given us anointing the gifts of the spirit or the fruit of the spirit the calling the purpose he's able to guard that he's able to protect that keep it for us and help us and guide us even as we journey through life okay so you know you have given your life you've entrusted your life your calling your ministry your present your eternity into the right hands so it's important who you believe okay if you believe Jesus then you have entrusted your life your present your eternity into the right hands if you don't believe in Jesus you know those who don't believe don't have this assurance and they have not placed their life the eternity their future in the right hands okay sorry I took five minutes extra time I will stop here anyone has any questions any doubts no if not we'll end class okay thank you all for joining have a good day and I'll see you soon for our next class okay bye everyone thank you ma'am thank you


Welcome back to Tennis Talk, my name's Cam Williams and Nadal and Roode have played their last exhibition match for their Latin America tour that they've done over the last couple weeks. They've played five matches throughout South America and Latin America. Let's go have a look at the results in each of the countries. So they kicked this off in Argentina and after a very close first set, Nadal ended up winning that one 7662. They then flew to Brazil where Roode got a little bit closer. Nadal still won in straight set 7675, but again Roode starting to close the gap. Then they went to Ecuador and Roode got his first ever set off Nadal. He actually won that one in straight sets 6464. A couple of days later they went to Colombia. Nadal got back the win 7564, so he led the series 3-1. And then today they finished off in Mexico with Nadal winning 7664. So no blowout by any stretch in any of those matches. In fact, they're all straight sets, matches which is kind of strange. But Rafa won the series 4 matches to 1 with Roode's only win coming in Ecuador in the high altitude conditions. They have it, they are the five matches that they've played over the last couple of weeks. And look, it's all trivial. It doesn't really mean anything.  Maybe, you know, when he plays him for real next year, it will help him a little bit more. But let me know down in the comments below. Did you watch any of these? Did you care about any of these? Does it actually even matter to the actual tennis scene? Hello, it's a little bit of fun. It's great to see these guys playing multiple times. And we did see them play for real at the HB finals. So we did get to see them play six times in the last month or so. And of course, they did play at the French Open final. But it'll be interesting to see if Roode takes any confidence from the match that he actually won against Rafa. And we'll see if Rafa actually does struggle against Roode in the future after Roode has been able to play Rafa so many times. And maybe learn how to beat Rafa at times. So Rafa won the series 4-1 in the exhibition tour throughout South America.


One thing we talk about a lot in just the area of communication in general is the importance of having a lot of tools in your tool belt, a lot of communication tools, communication skills that you can pull out and the ability to use the right tool for the right job. And we use that analogy quite a bit just in describing one of the important aspects of communication competence. And certainly that is true in public relations and media relations as it is anywhere else. So today I want to talk a little bit about the different kinds of tools you might need in media relations and more specifically than just the specific tools, just the different factors to consider in identifying and selecting the right tools. So there are a lot of different communication tools. And we think about our media relations toolkit or toolbox. There could be things in there including ANRs, op-eds, media kits, satellite media tours, boilerplates, online newsrooms, social media, just all of these things, blogs and just lots of different tools that we can utilize and that we can incorporate into our media relations toolkit. And you can certainly find a lot of those tools and should find and develop a lot of those tools so that you have them in your tool belt. The more tools you have in your tool belt, the better off you will be. Of course you need to know how to use them properly though and when to use them. And to pull out this tool or that tool and to have the best desired effect. So I'd like to focus a few minutes then on some of those key considerations rather than the specific tools which you can find in lots and those are constantly changing anyway. The different specific tools are constantly changing. The tools that we use regularly today are very different than those we used 10 years ago, 20 years ago and certainly beyond that. So what are some of the key considerations behind which tools to use and how to use them? One of the primary ones is first of all, you should always have in mind your purpose and your goal. Where is it that you want to end up here? And what's the final outcome look like for you? And that's not just true for your specific media relations effort, but public relations in general should always have the purpose and goal of the organization in mind as we've discussed previously. We've got to have a firm grasp on what are the mission and vision and values of this organization that we're representing with the public. So we need to have those in mind and then funnel those into, okay, for this specific media relations effort, this specific public relations effort, what is my particular purpose and goal that's going to lead us toward those overall organizational goals? But so there's a famous saying I think that is attributed anyway to Yogi Barra that if you don't know where you're going, any road will take you there, right? And it comes really from Alice in Wonderland. But we ought to have that purpose, that goal in mind and know where we're going with this specific effort before we ever set out on anything. So before we can identify the right tool, we have to know what it is we're trying to accomplish and then select the right tool that will lead us to that. We also need to keep in mind, is this a proactive situation and a proactive organization or reactive situation and organization? Proactive organizations and situations think ahead. They're trying to be proactive in their relationship with the media to put stories out there to guide an audience and the media and the media toward a specific goal and purpose. And those are things that are thought of. You have a new product launch, for example, or a new initiative that your organization knows that you're going to be putting out there. Then you can be proactive in identifying those types of things. But if it's a reactive situation in terms of something that came up unexpectedly, there's a crisis situation or damage control type situation you're trying to respond to or your CEO said something totally off the wall and it's getting a lot of negative media feedback and public feedback, then those are reactive situations and they may require different tools and the use of different tools and different opportunities. And so we have to be prepared for both. It sounds a little bit like an oxymoron to be prepared for an unexpected situation, but you can do that. You have these tools that you develop in advance that you then shape toward that specific situation. But those are different than a proactive outlook. And so we need to be identifying, okay, is this a proactive situation or is this a reactive situation? And in general, are we a proactive organization? Are we an organization that's seeking this media attention and that? Or are we more reclusive? We only come out when we have to and more reactive in that regard. As an organization as a whole, our general philosophy regarding public relations, are we trying to stay out of the spotlight? Or are we trying to be in the spotlight? So we identify different tools and media relations, philosophies and tools in that toolkit toolbox, whatever you want to call it, that we can work with either proactively and or reactively depending on in the purpose, the goal and needs, the values of our organization and of that particular situation. But we need tools that will allow us to be proactive or reactive as the situation calls for and identify, which may be more valuable for our organization in each situation. We also need to keep our audience in mind. This is something that ought to be on our mind in all aspects and in all levels of public relations and media relations. Who is it that we're trying to reach? This works closely with our purpose and our goal. Our goal and our purpose should identify a specific audience, but there's an old saying that if you speak to everyone, then you speak to no one. If you're trying to reach every person in the world, that could be problematic because your message is going to be so vague and so watered down that it won't really connect with anybody. So we need to identify who are the publics for our organization? Who are the publics for this particular message? If those are different and who is it that we're trying to reach? And then we can identify, again, what tool is going to be best to reach that particular audience? So if you're trying to reach super liberals, then you wouldn't go on Fox News or vice versa. If you're trying to reach a really more conservative audience, you probably aren't going to go on MSNBC and focus your efforts there and your attention there. You're going to go where your audience is, hopefully. So we need to identify what tool is it that's going to allow us to best reach this particular audience. And then we need to think about our voice. What is our voice in terms of media relations, social media, different things like that? A voice is something we've talked about before. But what kind of a voice do we have regarding these things? Are we super buttoned up and conservative? Or are we more loosey-goosey, sarcastic in the way that we try and relate to people?  But we need to identify, okay, based on our voice, which of these tools is going to be the best avenue for us to express ourselves as an organization using that voice? So we need to consider, okay, again, thinking about our purpose and our goal and our mission and vision and values as an organization plus who's our audience plus what's the situation, all those factors then go into identifying what's the appropriate voice for us in this moment that matches what we've done historically and who we are as an organization and that the voice is going to get us the most positive energy from this, right? And the most positive result from this particular effort that we can. So those are some of the key considerations we need to think about and have in mind, again, there are tons and tons of media relations tools that are constantly developing, constantly evolving, and they all hold the potential to be great or to be terrible. But we need to think about these types of things and then be able to select the appropriate tool from our media relations toolkit. So now you have a better idea of those things. Again, we need to think about and this should be a thought-provoking exercise for any public relations organization to identify what's our purpose and our goal, who's our audience and then what's our voice, those types of things and so what's going to best serve our organization in this situation. It shouldn't be something that's made on this part of the moment, a decision that's made on this part of the moment. It's something that you should have thought about in advance and should continue to think about as these opportunities arise. If you have questions about the different media relations tools or the different considerations that should go into selecting that tool, please feel free to email me. I'd love to hear from you there and discuss it further in that way. And in the meantime, I hope that you will give some thought, not only to the different tools that are available, but am I using the right one? Am I using a hammer to try and put in a screw or vice versa? Am I using a wrench to try and pound in a nail? Those are not the right tools for that job. And as public relations professionals, it's our job to really work hard and put some thought into selecting the right tool for any media relations job.


Hi you guys! Welcome back to another video for Butterick 6873. This is the sew-along that we are working on. This is the Sew-along Workbook. It's free. If you haven't already, please download it. That is what we're going to be using and what we have been using to kind of get through the sew-along in a timely manner. Stay organized, stay on top of everything. So far we have done all our prep work and sewn our bodice and our sleeves. Today we're going to be sewing the skirt. Sewing the skirt, attaching whatever ruffle we're going to do and also attach the skirt to the bodice. So it seems like a lot. This is a very straightforward little pattern. So we're going to fly right through it. Let's get to the sew-along. All right, so for our skirts, no matter which version you're making, A, B, or C, we are all starting with sewing our center back seam together. So the center back seam together. So the center back seam together. And then also attaching the front skirt sections to the back. So you can see that here. Well, this is, wait, this is here for A, here for B, and then here for C. Why they didn't combine all three of these? I have no idea. But those are going to be our first two steps before we move on to attaching the ruffle or hemming if you're making Vue C. So I am making A, wait, what am I making? I'm making B with a ruffle of A. So my pieces should be six and seven. So I need to pull those out. I've got seven here. And my fabric is already right sides together. So I just need to come in here. There should be three notches. Yes, three notches right here. That's the center back side. And just pin these together. Sew and search. And then while we're over there, we are going to also attach pieces, the six, six pieces, pieces six, piece six. What am I trying to say? To the side seams, which are opposite the center back. So these are our side seams right here, this one and this one. And those get attached to this. Mine is a little bit more angular, remember, because I shortened mine, but the side opposite the round. So if you're not making the rounded version and all your pieces are like triangles, just pay close attention to the notches. You'll have three in the center back. You'll have one on the sides. And the front shouldn't have any at all, I believe. Yeah, the front doesn't have any at all. So so and search, basically your whole skirt together. Okay, once your skirt is sewn, surged, press the side seams to the back. And then we can start working on our ruffle. If you're making view A, it's this like curvy one, like I cut out view B is this big straight block. And then view C doesn't get a ruffle at all, you just hem the bottom. So no matter whether you're doing the curved ruffle or the straight one, they all come together the same way. So we are going to be taking our back ruffle here, or back ruffle here, so 10 or 15, and sewing them along the what will be the center back edge, basically. So that is 10. She's here, like so. All right, and we have two of them, you should have cut two of them on the fold. This is the right side. And then this is the right side, they come together like this.  And then as you guessed you're also going to sew the front portions to these back portions as well. So once you get your back ruffle, the center back zone. And now you need to attach these ruffles. If you're doing the big square ruffles, no problem, just put one on each side, they're the same length. But your curved ruffles, the right is longer than the left. So you have to make sure that you get them on the correct side of the back. If your back seam, center back seam of the ruffle is facing up, it's like the left and right in sewing patterns is the wearer's left and right.  I don't know, this is getting sort of confusing. But just pin it together and then wrap it around your body and make sure you have it done correctly. But if the center back seam is the right side is up, then your right hand side of the back ruffle should be the right hand side of your front ruffle. I'm making that so confusing. I'm sorry. I'm trying to explain it best I can. Best to do is, like I said, just pin them together, wrap it around your body and make sure that the right side is the right side and the left is the left. But if you're trying to make sense of it in your head first, it's your right side, your actual right side, while you are sewing this, while you're pinning this, is the right side of the back ruffle so long as the center back seam is facing up. Does that make sense? Oh man. Okay, so pin, insert, and press these together. Okay, once you've got that done, the lower curved edge or the lower edge of your big rectangular band, if you're doing the normal band, needs to be hemmed. So this is not for the faint of heart. So you just start on one end and go one and a quarter inches all the way around. Again, you can pre-surge this, which I should have gone ahead and done. I'll do that now before I press it up.  And so you'll have a three eighths inch fold over when you're done. Okay, so it's a slow, long, tedious process. Just put on a program, put on some music, put on an audiobook, and just slowly make your way around the entire lower edge of your ruffle. Hem it. And you can go ahead and stitch this hem as well. This isn't one of those that we were just pre-pressing the hem in. Okay, I'm not going to bore you with all of this. This would be like the most boring video in the universe if I made you watch all of this. So I'll come back when this is all done. Okay, so the next step is to gather the top of our ruffle. What I'm going to do is start the gathering stitches, which if you don't know, it's two rows of stitches at the longest stitch length that your machine will do. For me, that is a 5.0 stitch length. You do one for a five eighths inch seam allowance. You do one at three eighths of an inch and one just past five eighths, like seven eighths. That way, all of your gathers kind of gather in between those two stitch lines. And when you go to, or sorry, all your gathers gather between those two gathering stitches. And when you go to stitch it at the five eighths inch seam allowance, it catches in between those two gathering lines and you just get more even gathers. Okay, so I'm going to do them in panels.  And then I'm going to do probably, oh man, all of the back. Maybe I'll do the back in two parts too, just stopping it at the center back again. So that would be another big chunk from vertical seam to vertical seam. And then a third big panel from the center back to the left front. Or I guess that would be the left side seam. And then I'll do the left one all by itself.  You definitely want to like just put on a movie and really try and make it as even as possible before we go to attach this to our skirt. So two rows of gathering stitches, long tails at the end. And then go ahead and start gathering those up by pulling on the bobbin threads. Get your machine set to a 5.0 stitch length, put the straight raw edge of your ruffle at the 7 eighths mark, drop your needle, and stitch to that first side seam. Okay, go to your first side seam, lift your needle, and then pull out a long tail of thread again, clip that, and then come back to where you started. And we're only going to sew half an inch from this original gathering stitch, which will also coincidentally be 3 eighths of an inch from the raw edge. Fractions are fun. Okay, so then drop your needle again and stitch along that raw edge again. Okay, and now you can see our two rows of gathering stitches. Then you will just grab your bobbin threads, which for me are these ones underneath. Okay, and as you start to pull on these, you can see that that raw edge starts to gather. Rinse and repeat this for the other four panels, and then I'll meet you back where we can attach this to the lower edge of our skirt, and have our skirts completely done at that point. But basically, you get your two anchoring points pinned, which for us are our side seam and our center back seam. So we know that this piece now has to fit in this little area. So you just start smooshing this out, spreading it out with your fingers until the two things come together. Now, this is a pretty roughly situation for lack of a proper term. So the gathers are going to stay pretty close together, right? And just kind of like eyeballing it, keeping them tight, but also even, come through and pull up and let out as much as you need. This might need to be pulled up some more. It's kind of like a little bit of trial and error. Some people find this fun. I find this annoying, but I do love the result of a ruffle. So I'll spend the time doing it. So again, just come through, make sure these are even when you get close or close enough. Go ahead and start pinning all around until where these two things are even. And the most important thing is that this skirt piece stays flat. It can be very easy as you're pinning up the ruffles to kind of like ease them in together. You really don't want that. If it helps for you to measure the length of this and then make sure that that length is still the same, do that. Otherwise, you'll have kind of like a skirt that feels really tight at this area and you can't figure out why. And it's just simply because your fabric was not as flat as it absolutely possibly could be whenever you attach this ruffle. It's almost better if like the ruffle piece is a little bit too big. Do you know what I'm saying? So this is very, very close for me. So I am going to go ahead and start pinning these in. And as you do, again, you want to make sure everything is straight up and down and nice and flat and pretty. And then you just stitch it at your five eighths inch seam allowance and then surge that seam. All right. And real quick, as you're coming around the left side, the, you can't see mine, but it's right here. See this big dot's for a left front only. So the right front comes up, I don't know, three inches or so higher than the left ruffle. So get your whole ruffle done. Try and keep your sanity while you do it. Okay. The last little thing that you have to do with your skirt is the raw edge that's above where the ruffle is attached. So this is the left side where it's longer. We just have to hem that. So you just fold it over along the seam line, hem it. It should kind of turn into what is the seam for the, for the ruffle part. And then you can start attaching it to your bodice. And this is how that comes together. It's just matching up side seams and raw edges. Okay. Once you get past the side seam, this gets turned back at the seam line like so. There is a dot that is on your bodice front that is five eighths from the raw edge, this little raw edge here. So come in five eighths and that's where this little thing goes. And then everything else in the middle gets eased in. There's a little notch here to help you match. And then these two things just get lined up. It should go in pretty easily. You shouldn't be working too hard at this. The hard part with that ruffle is over. All right. So first things first, I'm just going to hem this little guy here. This is the right side and then repeat for the left side. We're just kind of doing, I don't know, a little baby hem. And then if you want, this can go down into a top stitch. I'm just going to have it kind of go disappear into nothing. Okay. And then it gets attached to your skirt and we just sew all around the waistline. Okay. It's really coming together at this point. We kind of have a dress. The little frill thing I turned out, I think turned out so cute. So we need to press the seams. The waist seam gets pressed toward the bodice and the ruffle seam gets pressed toward the skirt. Yes. And then go through and with a seam ripper, remove the basting stitches that were sewn at the seven eighth seam allowances, the ones that you can actually see. Just go in and pull all of those out so that they aren't visible. But you can see there how it kind of like the difference between this and this. Do these kind of relaxes them a little bit, especially in this linen? Okay.  They make them so much fun. And I think that's why I love ruffles so much. Simple, easy to do, easy to execute, and create so much fun and flair. Again, I don't want to hold up my dress because I am so paranoid that that bias line is going to stretch out. I've talked about it so much. Somehow I feel like I'm going to screw it up still. But it's over there resting. We're not touching it. I'm barely even looking at it because tomorrow is when we finally, finally sew the facing onto the bias on the front. So that will finally be stabilized and won't be going anywhere. So tomorrow, if we're following along the workbook day three, we're going to be finishing up our dress really. We're doing the facings and doing the little buttonhole application so it stays closed. And then you might be making a sash, but I'm going to try something new and different for me that I've never done before. And that is to make a fabric self-covered belt. So that should be fun. But meet me back here tomorrow when we finish up sewing the dress. Butteryx 6873.


Hello everybody. He here. Welcome back to another book tag today First and foremost, I need to cross my peas and dot my cues There's a Alex of Hey Little Thrifter created this one since I got the last The last tag creator wrong Alex of Hey Little Thrifter created this one She has a fantastic video up. I I will link down there in the doobly-doo. I suggest you go check it out But Stephanie of that's what she read She tagged me this time. Thank you so much Stephanie today. We are doing the horror Book tube tag so I'm going to get into this I'm not exactly sure who all has been tagged so far So and two of the people that I want to tag one of them is Todd librarian And he's not around right now due to some family issues And then you can watch his latest video in the I need to explain I think there's a title of it and also JB so I'm gonna go ahead and write off the bat just tag these people Sorry, I'm still getting used to it Ryan's a beautiful world. I think it is I'm tagging Ryan. I'm tagging. Let's hear can he's already been tagged. I don't know who I'll tag So if you want to do this tag, just go ahead and jump into it and just do it yourself I don't know who else to tag. I'm coming up blank right now So maybe I'll put some people down there in the doobly-doo once I'm editing and I can look through the people who haven't done it yet Also, I will tag people on Twitter whether or not Chad Chad Let's see if you if you're watching this and you want to do it man I'd love to hear these answers from you. Okay, so number one how and when did you get into horror? I think just about everybody Mention this most people said goosebumps, but I was the scary stories to tell in the dark Crew when the I guess it's galactic book fair came around every year That's those those are the books that I would get I didn't eventually get into goosebumps But I always thought they were a little too safe for my liking even as a little kid I like store. I like stories in which people died and nobody ever died in in the goosebumps books So I went and got Wait when they became available to my age group. I was a fear street kid I was never really a goosebumps kid. So it was scary stories to tell in the dark, but even before that Way back when I was in you know, kindergarten and first grade I used to write or tell people my own horror stories one of the ones that I remember the most that my mom still tells To this day is she was walking me to my first day of kindergarten And we were walking by there's this huge field on Lime Street, which is the street that connected straight to my My school it wasn't that far away from my house, but we're walking there's a huge open field There were two big piles of Dirt one well actually one huge pile of dirt and one smaller pile of dirt now looked at I pointed to the dirt piles I said mom, you know, it's in there. She said no what I said That's where they bury all the bodies and she goes really what's in the smaller one? I said that's where dad bear so I was I was telling horror stories before I even read horror So that's that's my that's my experience with my first Take on horror number two. What was the first horror book that you read? Like that scary stories to tell in the dark that was the first one if we're talking about adult horror And I don't know it has some horror elements, but Dolores Claiborne I don't kind of cemented my love for the genre But you also I can't remember when I started reading Richard layman and Dean Coons and all that I can't remember that came before or after I read Dolores Claiborne I think up until Dolores Claiborne I only read fear Street books because mom wouldn't let me into her the great book closet is what I call it That's where she kept all the no-no books all of her Dean Coons John Saul Stephen King James Herbert if I already said him Let's see here. I'm trying to think there was loads and loads of books in there that I came across and most of them had amazing covers She's never into like the 80s paperbacks. She only collected the hardcovers So I didn't really get into the 80s 80s and 90s the paperback stuff until like leisure books And then when I finally got into that my when I finally got my leisure books Subscription that's when I started going back and hunting like the zebra Publications and I don't know if it was it Kensington back then or was it just zebra? I'm not sure But I went back. I'm one of those retro guys after I found, you know, the newer stuff I went back to look for the older stuff number three what horror related goodness. Can we expect from your channel? I'm not sure you're gonna see a whole lot of horror themed stuff on my channel unless it's like Halloween or something like that and specifically You know, I read a horror novel That's that's probably all you're gonna get from me really other than maybe if you even want to consider him a horror author nowadays Clive Barker, I guess he still is I mean the scarlet Gospels is still technically horror But he's more but I've always considered him more of a dark fantasy author I've never really considered him a horror author Let me fight that fight down there in the doobly-doo is Clive Barker a horror author or is he a dark fantasy author? Because some of my favorite stories are dark fantasy like the in the hills the cities something like that Fantastic work of fiction, but I still consider it dark fantasy And then you but then you still have the one with Marilyn Monroe and all that I can never son of celluloid. I think it's called Fantastic stories like that that are definitely a hundred percent horror Do you have any Favorite themes or sub sub-genres within horror? Yes my favorite theme in horror or sub-genre Whatever you want to call it is cold. I will read any horror novel novel Any horror novel ever written as if it's if it's in a cold environment. I am there Dan Simmons to terror Ronald Malfi's bone white Some Stevens Some Stephen King stuff has been set in very cold the shining of course. I almost forgot that one There's just really really terrific fiction and for some odd reason cold I feel cold and not odd reason a lot of people feel this way or else there wouldn't be a sub-genre With cold temperature horror fiction But it there's something that lends itself I guess it's the the survival aspect of a cold temperature, but on exact The exact opposite end of the spectrum. I also like Super-hot climates. So if you have like some that's kind of sub-tropical thing So super-hot climates because it was it Sun blind by Michael McBride is a fantastic book If you guys haven't read it, you need to so I guess anything with extreme weather. I'm there for Next up name an underrated horror novel or author Chad Lutzky, I mean everybody in this community that that Everybody that watches the show has heard me talk about Chad Lutzky But that I still and everybody gives him just about everybody gives him five stars But I still don't think that the dude has a wide enough reach I don't think he'll ever had have a wide enough reach and but if we're talking Straight horror because I've said this before I don't consider Chad Lutzky a horror author But if we're going straight horror I'm trying to think with someone that doesn't get enough credit and I'm coming up short The only one maybe I think Hunter Shay I think I've talked to several people and Hunter Shay tends to get written off as just a cheesy horror author But some of his stories have a much deeper deeper aspect to them like I'm looking over here at Creature So maybe Hunter Shay though those kinds of people Tim Meyer is great Gregor Zane he's not really horror. He's a bizarro with horror aspects. Some of his stuff has no horror whatsoever I don't think taboo guys. I'm really had any horror to it is more like a sci-fi speculative fiction of bizarro type thing But yeah, those are my choices those are the hardest ones because I don't know what what people consider underrated I watched Alex's video and Alex mentioned Bernard Taylor, but you see Bernard Taylor everywhere So I'm not sure what constitutes underrated Especially sweetheart sweetheart. I've seen several lifts with sweetheart sweetheart on it That was like the top ten horror novels of all time. So I'm not sure what constitutes Underrated now number six is easy for me name an overrated horror novel or author which Stephanie I'm sorry that the person who tagged me. This was one of her favorites Paul Tremblay I don't understand the draw. I've said this multiple times I don't really want to harp on it, but I had full of ghosts was just a reboot of the exorcist like note for note for note I don't even think that he did anything new other than the ending where he just leaves it open And that's kind of his shtick, you know, he leaves his his endings open But I tried to read a disappearance at Devil's Rock and the dialogue was atrocious So I don't understand what what people get out of Paul Tremblay. If you love him, that's fine I just I just don't see and Let's see. It's funny because Alex mentioned my number two novel of all to know my number three I'm three. I can't remember novel of all time as one of her most overrated pigs. So her she picked nose for ought to So it's funny how how much we differ in this community and that's one of the reasons why I love this community number Seven recommended three of your favorite horror novels This one, okay the girl next door by Jack Ketchum Stephen King's it and I want to say kin I think those three kind of kind of cement my love for the genre you have Kin is the aftermath of a slasher This is slasher novel slasher movie. It's the aftermath of that which I adored I think it is a modern classic it of course. I mean, it's my favorite book of all time And but then we come to Jack Ketchum's the girl next door, which pretty much made me the author that I am today To to well, I know I've been writing cosmic horror for the past seven years I understand that but I start my roots are in Can happen horror fiction like the girl next door or Stephen King's, you know the body that or voice in the night Traveling vampire show isn't can happen fiction, but it's close there until the end If I don't think I suppose that but anyways So that I'm gonna go with those three. I'm sure there's tons more that I'm forgetting I'm sure there's tons more that I'm forgetting But those are the three that come to my mind right now and when people ask me about my favorite horror novels I seem to stick with those with those three with those three books Recommend a book for someone who is new to the horror genre. I think any of King's first first three Is what I go to carry Salem's lot in the shining Maybe even maybe even pet cemetery I kind of tossed that one out there because I nobody knows how long pet cemetery was sitting in a drawer before he actually Published it. I think he said six years, but I who knows if if we're going something that's just Strictly, you know strictly horror. I would say anything almost anything by Bentley little Because he has themes along with the horror the writing is very accessible I would say Richard layman, but but I kind of feel like Richard layman feels felt sorry He passed away in 2001 on Valentine's Day in the last How he felt about his fiction. He wrote crime fiction. He didn't really write horror fiction. So I Guess I'd pick probably pet cemetery for a literary horror Thing and then I would go with probably Bentley little maybe Let's see or what's a really really good bit like like the store or the house or Any really any bent you little I would throw out there right nine Are there any book to film adaptations that you particularly loved or hated? Loved would be it And yeah, this is turning into like a Stephen King themed up not episode but book tag But it the the I guess reboot the reimagining of it the 2017 version I love that one and I absolutely hate Kubrick's the shining I don't think they've done the shining right yet But Kubrick's version especially annoys me to death the the music he uses It's supposed to be discordant. It's supposed to be upsetting, but it upsets me in a bad way It gets it makes me feel like I'm chewing on tin foil. The film is beautifully shot I will give you that much. The acting is over the top. The soundtrack is utterly horrible for me I just can't stand it. I don't know what it is about my ears I can't stand that that type of music and most movies with that type of music in it I either have to mute which kind of defeats the purpose of some of these movies I either have to mute or I have to turn off Argento I think is bad about that Dario Argento. I think he's bad about that too Let's see here 10 how do you discover new or new to you horror books booktube and Books to gram or Instagram for the book the book community It's the same app that I had one person has a where do I find the books to gram app? It's just book lovers on Instagram.  I know her as Sadie She goes by mother horror on Twitter Michael Patrick Hicks is another high fever books is another one to follow book happy on Instagram especially even though she does on Twitter also book dot happy her name's Emily So many more hey little thrifter The two the two people who tagged me Stephanie if that's what she read. That's what she read I said it right and then Alex of hey little thrifter camis corner. There's so many great youtubers books to grammars all that stuff that you can follow That's where I find all of my stuff. I don't hang out on Goodreads anymore I I go over there and I check my messages and add books and delete books and do reviews and stuff like that But I don't hang out there like I used to man. I used to live on Goodreads way back in the day You'd see 12 to you know Easily see it doesn't post for me over there now you might see one Unless I'm reading something really bad and I want to share the experience with everyone and like the recent Dean Coons book Alright, what was the last horror book that you bought? I actually took it in because I'm gonna read it But the luminous ones is that the name of it? It by Caitlyn Starling. I can't remember the title now. Is it the luminous ones? Anyways, it was in the book haul That's the most recent one that I bought and once again I got it off Twitter and it was showing up on books to gram also. So that's where I find my new stuff I saw that cover fell in love ran over to Amazon actually I read Tracy Reed's is another great account to follow because she's the one whose review I read that made that really clinched seal the deal made me run over to Amazon and buy it and it was on sale for like 7 or 8 bucks for You know a full-length hardcover. That was really cool Let's see here, but Tracy reads. I think it's Tracy underscore reads 7 9. I want to say I hope that's correct I'm sure you can find her she hangs out with the people that I talk. She's also ladies of horror fiction She's part of that amazing crew That's another thing that you can follow ladies of horror fiction. They they're doing great work in the in the genre and in the community So that's someone else. I think it's at L.O. L.O.H.F. ladies of four Yeah, L.O. at L.O.H.F. on Twitter, and I believe it's the same thing on book on Instagram Next up on number 12. What horror book is at the top of your wish list? It's a I'm not sure if it's horror or not But I think it is ITZA Tracy reads once again That's where I get a ton of my book reviews because we have the same likes and dislikes We tried reading Watership Down and basically both of us wanted to quit around the same time So I feel like she she vibes with me on that kind of thing So that's another one that she has talked about that is in my Amazon cart And I'll probably be end up getting I have a book budget every month So that's why I normally go to like libraries so I can stretch that book budget as far as possible and then So I have to wait for my rollover, which just happened and I'm looking to get it So and I think that's the only one I have some westerns on my list or some Hicklet fiction also on my my Amazon Shopping cart in my shopping cart right now. So in number 13 I kind of did is number one, which is tags and people I wanted to say JB and I wanted to say Todd Ryan, of course you do it too, please If you if you have the time I'm trying to think of other people I will tag more people down there in the doobly-doo and I will also try to tag more people over on On Twitter Chad Lusky. I'd love to hear you talk about this one This is one of my favorite tags of all time. So I hope I did a good job Let me know what you think down there in the doobly-doo, but until next time I have any you've been you There's been in the book tag video. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye. Bye


One woman is dead and her brother is in custody after a stabbing at a senior living center in Crosby on Saturday morning. 37 year old David Michael Ote of Cambridge was arrested at Hartwood senior living center immediately following the incident. The victim 38 year old Danielle Marie Johnson of Ironson was an employee at the senior living center. She was pronounced dead at the scene in what's being ruled a homicide. Ote is being held at the Crowing County Jail on suspicion of second degree intentional murder. We'll have more information on this for you tomorrow night on Lakeland News. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


So the key to starting algebraic coding theory is to understand how we can take these problems and information in computer science and turn them into algebraic problems. The first step is gonna be the following. If we have m bits of information, and we're gonna read these left to right, so we have the first bit called b1, b2, all the way up to bm. If we have m bits of information, we can identify this sequence with an m tuple. That is, you can identify it with the vector b1, b2, up to bm, where we can visualize this as a vector in the vector space z2m, where I want you to be aware, this is something we'll talk about some future day here. z2 is an example for what we call a field. And you can construct a vector space by taking column vectors whose scalars come from a field. And so z2m is a vector space very much like the vector space rn that you might have seen in a previous linear algebra course. So we're gonna be doing linear algebra on this field. Now this is the field, which only has two elements. It only contains the elements zero and one. But in terms of the field, I want to tell you how the arithmetic is gonna work here. The arithmetic is just gonna work mod two. So thinking of the Cayley tables, when you add these things together, you're gonna take zero, one, zero, one. You get zero, one, one, zero. That's how addition works mod two. In terms of multiplication, similar thing is gonna happen here. Zero times anything is zero, one times one is one. So we're gonna do addition and multiplication mod two. Which to be aware, the only significant difference as opposed to just addition and multiplication of the number zero, one, if we think of them as real numbers, really just comes down to this observation here. When we work mod two, one plus one is zero, not two. Because two doesn't exist. I mean, it does, it's just two is zero when you work mod two. So we can do linear algebra over this arithmetic field right here. That is, we just change the arithmetic from real numbers to mod two. And all of the stuff from linear algebra will apply. We can add some column vectors. We can scale them. We can multiply them by matrices. We can compute null spaces. The idea keeps on going there. So I'm gonna make a lot of connections to linear algebra as we go through this. So with that connection to linear algebra, let's define what we mean by a code block. An N by M code block, which we're gonna call it C, or I should say block code, excuse me. An N by M block code C. This is gonna be a subset of the vector space Z two N. So notice the connection here that the first bit of the first number there, the N, that is gonna be the dimension of this vector space Z two N. This is gonna be paired. This is gonna be a pair of two functions. There's the first function, which we call the encoding function. So what this is gonna do, it's gonna take a vector from Z two M. Notice this is the second number here. It's gonna take a vector from Z two M and it will identify it with a vector in Z two N, okay? And in practice here, M will be less than or equal to N. So we are basically gonna be adding more bits to the original message. So the original message is gonna correspond to M like we talked about before. The encoding process is we're gonna take an M bit message and turn it into an N bit message. The reason why we do that will become more clear in the future. So there's two functions. There's the encoding function, but there's also the decoding function, which is a map from Z two N to Z two M. And you wanna think of these things essentially as inverses of each other, right? So when you take the composite of D and E right here, so if you encode your message and then you subsequently decode the message, this will be the identity function on Z two M. So if you encode then decode a message, you're gonna get back the original message, okay? And then the other thing that I want you to be aware here is that when you take the image of Z two M under the encoding map, this is equal to the set C. So that's what we mean by this block code right here. The code is the set of vectors in Z two N that correspond to these original vectors from Z two M. The elements of C are called the code words. So C is gonna be a set of code words. And so the set is called a code or we can call it an NM block code to be more specific on the parameters there. But C is the code and the elements of it are the code words. So I wanna show you this diagram here. Let me zoom out a little bit to illustrate the basic idea behind this encoding process. So there's gonna be over here some message that we need to send from one part of the computer to a different part of the computer. We're gonna call that original message W, for a word. There's a word using only the alphabet zero and one that one computer part needs to tell another computer part. So this, it's gonna be a message, a word of length M. So it's in Z two M. And so before we send it, we're gonna encode it. So it goes through this encoding process. So we'll encode it. And so the word W turns into E of W, which this is a code word C, which belongs to the vector space Z two N. So we've added, we've added N minus M many bits to the message. Well, it's a little bit more sophisticated than that, but we're gonna associate a code word to the original message W. And the reason why we associate a code word to W, why don't we just send W itself? It's because of our channel right here. As we transmit the message from the sender to the receiver, we anticipate that this function T, it's kind of like a random function. It'll randomly change the number because it's random, it's not truly a function because the same input could actually have different outputs. But nonetheless, the transmitter will randomly change parts of the code word. And so then the transmitted code word is what is gonna be received T of C. Now, in general, we don't anticipate that C will equal T of C. We often anticipate there could be an error of some kind. If it were equal, that would be great. So the transmitted code word is gonna come over and then it has to be decoded right here. Why is there nothing there to decode it? We need to be decoding D of T of C. So that's what needs to happen. And so then what you see is the following idea. What we want is the following. We want that if you do the encoding process, then the transmission process, then the decoding process, we want this to be the identity on Z2M, okay? But the big problem really comes down to T right here. T is kind of random. And so it will not be possible to be for this to be perfect, perhaps, because T itself is not a function. And so T of C is determined by chance, not by input. It's, I mean, it's affected by input, but it's not determined by input alone. Therefore, it's not truly a function. And so the composition of these three relationships might not be the identity function. And so what we want to then introduce is the idea of an error detecting code. So is it possible that the decoding map D, also equipped with E, is it possible that we can detect when E composed with T, composed with D is not the identity? Can we just recognize when that happens? And the thing is I should mention is we have to do this on the tail end. The receiver doesn't know what the original message is, but is there a way to decode the original message so that we can detect that we don't have the right message, even if we don't know what the message is? That sounds like a very difficult problem, but turns out we will have a very nice solution to that. And even better, is it possible that we can choose the function D so that even though you have this random process, T in the middle, that the composition of these things is still the identity? That is, can we correct the codes? And so our goal in this unit is to use group theory to develop error detecting and error correcting codes. So a K error detecting code is a code that can detect up to K many errors in transmission, accurately. And an L error correcting code is a code that can correctly fix up to L mistakes in transmission. So you don't actually have to ask for a retransmission. And we're gonna see how that works in this unit here. I wanna give you two examples of very simple codes to kind of show you how this could be possible. And then we will improve upon these in future lectures. So the first one I wanna mention, it's actually a very famous code. It's the ASCII code. That's an abbreviation, acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII code is actually an eight, seven block code. So what that means is we are gonna encode seven bits of information using eight bits. So we have to add an extra bit of information in order to encode our message. So the significance of course of this is, is that two to the eighth is actually 256. And why that matters is that 256, that's how many, that's 16 squared. It's 16 squared. And so ASCII, the ASCII code here is basically just two hexadecimals. So hexadecimals is a number system where you can take zero, one, two, up to nine. And then you take letters A, B, C, you know, up to F. Should be F, right? I have to count these out loud now. A, B, C, D, E, F, yep, that's 16. So you write a hexadecimal, something like, oh, the number 20A. That would be acceptable right there. And so 20A, what that means is you're gonna take two times 16 plus A, which A here would be 11. So we can convert this to the usual number system. And we could go from there. The exact details don't matter, but that's why 256 is the magic number right here. That's a two-digit hexadecimal number. Okay, so we're gonna use two-digit hexadecimals to encode 128 characters. Now, the ASCII code is gonna do all of your standard letters, so like A, B, C, D, uppercase, lowercase. It gets most of the special keyboard characters, plus maybe a few others. So we don't need to go into all the detail of that, but we have seven-bit messages, and we're gonna encode them with an extra bit. How are we gonna do that? Now, to give you a little bit of idea of what's gonna happen here, so if you just take the alphabetic letters A, B, C, this is capital A, B, C, the ASCII code identifies A with the number 65, B is 66, and C is 67. So we can think of those in hexadecimals. I'm not gonna bother with that. We're gonna put this as the binary expansion. So this is something we did earlier when we talked about the repeated squares algorithm in this course. So 65 can be written in the binary as 1-0-0-0-0-1. The idea is 65, of course, is 64 plus one. 64 is two to the eighth. One is two to the zero-eth. So you get something like that. And so you get these seven bits. This can kind of be hard to read sometimes, so something you'll often see is we sometimes will put artificial spaces just to make it a little bit easier to see. So we are overpatting the message. So 100 and then 001. We might say something like that. The human eye can kind of identify up to, basically you can count up to five instantaneously. Beyond that, it gets kind of difficult to count in your head. That's when you pull out your fingers and toes and such. So we often will pad long sequences, long binary sequences into groups of four, three, five, kind of the biggest, because that gets really difficult to recognize six or bigger with just the naked eye. So you might see me putting spaces in there. It's kind of the same reason why we often write a million, right? Why do we put commas in there? That's because if we put them into periods of three, it's much easier to read the number that way. We'll often do the same thing with the binaries, although I won't be putting commas. And so the associated ASCII code for the code word for A is gonna be this one right here, 01000001, okay? We do the same thing for B. B had the decimal number 66, which a binary expansion, you get this one right here, for which we're gonna write the following right here. So you get 010000010, okay? And as a hexadecimal, this would be what we call 41, 42, 43. Now be aware that 42 here means four times 16 plus two, okay? And this is four times 16 plus three. So it's not really 42, 43, but in hexadecimals, that's what we're doing right now. And so basically what happened, as you'll notice here, is that we're adding an extra number, we're adding an extra number to the front, right? So A, we added the number zero in front. B, we glued the number zero in front. And for C, we glued the number one in front. I'll explain in a moment why we chose those numbers in just a second. So if this is a block code, an eight, seven block code, the encoding process will send a seven-bit word into an eight-bit code word, okay? And so what we're gonna do is the following, you have your seven bits. The last seven bits are just gonna be the original bits. So B1, B2, B3, up to B7 will go unfazed. This is actually evidence that this encoding map is going to be a one-to-one, which in order for DTE to be the identity, this does have to be, the encoding map does have to be one-to-one, okay? So we're gonna see that. So the last seven bits are the exact same. The first bit is actually gonna be the sum of the seven bits we're transmitting, mod two. And so this is often what one calls as like a check bit right here, this first information, that's a check bit, while these last ones right here are sometimes called information bits. So the last seven bits actually have the information we want to transmit, but we're adding an extra bit to transmission for checking. I'll show you why in a second while we do that. The decoding process is then pretty simple. If you have an eight-bit message, then to create the original message, you just used to raise the first bit. So you take the last seven bits and that'll be then the code, or that was the word. That's how we decode it. But in decoding also has to have built into it some idea of error detection or error correction. And so what we can see here is gonna be the ASCII code is actually an error detecting code. It's a one, it's gonna be one error detecting. And so how do we do that as the following? So we have this parity check bit. Like I said, it's the sum of all the bits. So imagine, imagine we have the following. Let's take, what do I wanna say here? So okay, so if we have a message that we wanna transmit, so let's make it simple, we'll take one, one, one, one. I don't actually know what that is off the top of my head, but let's say that's the one we want. This is our original word. So to encode this E of w is gonna equal, well the sum of seven, that's gonna be one, so you're gonna get one, one, one, one, one. That's what we're gonna send. And then it's gonna be sent to the other part of the computer. But let's say there was an error in transmission. So what's received, so this is our code word, right? So what's received is TFC, which turns out to be one, one, zero, one, one, one. So maybe that was the error. It was in that third bit right here. Well, what's gonna happen is our decoder is gonna do the following. It's like, okay, I know that this first bit, the one, is gonna be the sum of the other seven bits. And so if I take one plus zero plus one, that's a zero. And then if you take one plus one, plus one, plus one, that's gonna be four, which is also zero, zero, plus zero, zero. So, oh, so the check bit, this should be a zero, but it actually is a one. They don't match up, that's weird. That actually means error, error, error. Our computer recognizes an error occurred. And therefore it detects the error and then it'll request a retransmission. Great, so it detected the error using the check bit. But it's only a one error detection level, because what if there were two errors, right? Let's say that instead our word TFC turned out to be one, one, zero, zero, one, one, one. In this situation, we'll see that when you add up the bits, you're gonna get five, which is one mod two. And in this situation, you're like, oh, the check bit should be one, so we're good to go. Because there were too many errors, it actually couldn't detect it. It's kind of like that situation when your mom tells you two rights don't make a wrong. Well, actually in this situation, two wrongs are detected as being right. What did I say about the mom said two rights don't make a wrong? I don't know if your mom said that. She probably said two wrongs don't make a right. That makes more sense. And that's what I was trying to go with here. In this situation, actually, two wrongs do make a right in terms of the parity check. And so the computer in this situation would think the message was transmitted correctly, but in fact, it wasn't. And so it's just a one detection there. Let's do one more example before we sign off on this lecture right here. So this is an example of an error correcting code. Actually, an error correcting code. And this is gonna be called the triple repetition code. So what we're gonna do is you can take a message of any length. So we're gonna take an M bit message. We're gonna send S or Z to M to Z to three M. That's where the triple repetition comes into play. So we're gonna take the message B1 up to BM. And what we're gonna do is we're gonna repeat it three times. So it's kind of like night lock, night lock, night lock. We just have to say it three times and that's then how we transmit the message. How do you decode the process? Well, if you receive the triple repetition, just take the first time you heard it. Oh, she said night lock. Okay, I heard that. And so that's how you decode it. But the decoding process also has error checking and error correcting built into it. And so we're gonna basically play minority report for a little bit. So the idea is we have our three precogs right here, which are gonna give us a vision of the future, right? And so the first two, let's say, are in agreement. But then the third one disagrees with it, right? So this is our minority report right now. And so, okay, if there's a disagreement, if there was an error, then it turns out that the more popular choice was probably the right choice. This was the correct choice right here. And so then we can get rid of this one right here. On the other hand, let's say that the second one disagreed from the first and second, or the first and third one then, then we'd be like, oh, okay, I see that there was an error in the second transmission. So we'll take the first one, something like that. So we can then, we can't just, we don't just detect the error, we can also correct the error because we have all this into extra information. Now this is a very simple one error correcting code. So we can accurately correct up to one error with this code. But the problem is that is a lot of extra information. We have to slow down the transmission of information by a factor of three, which is extremely slow. And so do we want to retard transmission that much just to gain one level of error correction? Well, it turns out we can do much better with this in group theory, but I just wanted to kind of explain to us why we're interested in this idea of error detecting and error correction and how one actually might be able to do that using tools from group theory and linear algebra.