Any rude As you can see from the title you guys are gonna be spending the day just to go today So if you're new here, hey, my name is Akira Jenae. Don't forget to subscribe and join the family before you leave So my little morning routine or whatever if you will it is 12 53 right now, so I did not eat breakfast So I probably go to either like Wendy's Sonic or somewhere to grab something quick I do got to go across town.  It's our first stop today because All right, big lots is our first stop today because y'all know I'm moving to this new apartment and whenever you move and you do a Change of address then you get a whole lot of coupons So the coupons that's the back to expire like next week is my one from big lots and my one from the at-home store So we're gonna go here first since it's across town. I do have Some bins to take to my parents house that I'm not using anymore. I started to kind of Clean out my beauty room. That's gonna be a separate vlog, but I am about to redo that So stay tuned for that. I just ordered a desk for it a rug and everything wallpaper So it's gonna come together really nice So big lots is the first stop stopping at my parents house to drop off some totes and then well The first stop is me getting some food first off and then After my parents house, I think I'm gonna go to be at home store because that's gonna come first when I'm coming back Into my side of town and then I'm gonna go clean out my car I know I said that in another vlog didn't go because it was raining that day So we're gonna go today to clean that out So, yeah, it is 1255 if I can I kind of want to vlog today and kind of upload this today I was meaning to wake up at like 10 o'clock, but I didn't so yeah, but I was up I just didn't get up. So if I can get back at the house and stuff before like 435 o'clock then I can just try to edit this really quickly And if I can upload edit and stuff like that by 8 o'clock today, then this video will be up today But today is June 22nd. Like I said, it's 1235 So I wanted to be at the house by one o'clock. So I'm about to go ahead and leave. I'm about to This battery is about to die. I got another battery that's charged. So Let's hope I can live off of one battery I'm gonna bring this one to until it dies, but I only have one fully charged battery because I was obviously blogging this morning So, yeah, stay tuned and call me on my day I don't know why it looks so dark Bad guy, I'm gonna drop you Oh, no, baby. It's too powerful.  So I'm gonna have one battery I already had my business card. I don't already had a whole stack of business cards Gotta get the business cards because we got to promote the brand. Okay. We got to promote the brand. What is the exposure? So Mother switch on my battery and then eat while driving Change got my oil change in my air filter chain Last week that was a hundred and ninety dollars. We're not gonna talk about it I just got to a big lot I'm about to go in I ate my sonic in the car. It was definitely delish. Okay, I Used to work here if you didn't know this exact location. I'm going in I'm going in for a few items I don't need my total to be over $50 and that's what the 20% off you puns some We're about to go in Do a little bit of shopping for some little cute finds. I Can't remember if the basket's got a drink holder or not. I don't think so.  I don't need that. Come on now Make sure she's locked All right Obviously, I want heavy duty, and I want this big-ass tray is only $12. I'm sorry. I'm about to have to get it This is 1299. Oh, yeah, I gotta get Look at this I don't think about it on the way up there. Where do I get these from here comes with the lid? This is where I bought my from We're not in that This is cute Spoons and knives No forks, and I'm not gonna buy a whole peg when I just need forks So they have just spoons But no, I just got to my parents house. It's three o'clock. So I just dropped off the tote bags Will the totes those two right there pink and gray So my mama can take them back in that room So I can get out of my apartment because I don't need no more junk girl So yeah, it's three o'clock the heat is getting to me. I'm tired and in big less than a handle heat baby So it was hot And then the manager the new manager there whatever honey rude My coupon wasn't working and then I didn't know why like I told y'all used to work there, right? So She was like asking Paul. I know him. Thanks. Paul. She was asking Paul What keep on did he use and he was like he didn't use nothing I'm like, he literally didn't use anything like what do you mean? So she was like, well, did she do her rewards and I said, yes, I talked to my rewards. And so She was like, um Basically, I'm still an employee there like I still get the employee discount and I'm like Maybe I ain't working here in two years like I think I stopped working in big lights 2019 2020 I Want to say like 2020 because I was there during COVID because big less did not shut down girl I don't know why not so I could be sitting home getting money But I was still at work doing Kobe between big lights in the hospital So I was for sure a central worker at that point. So Yeah, I think I stopped Well, I stopped going to big lights and like way before the summertime I believe because after I had moved I think maybe a little bit before summertime like because I was basically a manager there Like I didn't I was able to open a store like like I had the keys and stuff so the whole store I would close the store like I would do all of that. I just didn't want manager title Of course, there were came with more pay But it will come with more responsibility too and I'm like now just like to help out here and there.  So I mean, it's cool. I guess I'll just get a coupon to my To somebody I guess I don't know. I mean all you got to do is use my phone number.  I'm about to hurry up and go to the at-home store. I got 15% off there I never worked there.   So I just came to drop that off and nobody in here so yeah Talk to y'all when I get to the At-home store, I guess where it is right outside like real bright And I need to I won't even in there for a long time and it's already burning up in here. I should have peed Because I feel like I'm gonna have to pee when I go wash my car I didn't drink almost all of this large sonic drink and I get a cherry lime egg That's my classic sonic drink. Yeah, I probably should pee You know what? I'm about to go ahead and go run in there and pee I need the pillow that has a cool touch. I really don't want to go to Walmart. So I hope I can find one in here This is soft touch This is cute It was $6.99. Oh, this is glass. That's $30 It's a little bathroom set Car wash now.  So my car is looking a mess Not too bad, but it's still looking a mess. So I got some trash right here. I need some vacuum Vacuum in here and yeah So We're just gonna Get this together Watch Alexa 54 p.m Um, I just got back to the house. Well, I've been at the house for maybe like 10 15 minutes Brung up all the groceries. I think you guys saw that the camera cut off literally when I was cleaning my car Because my battery died. Sorry. I'm not a good logger right now So yeah, I cleaned my prowl just enough. I got vacuumed in I did a little something Then put the little smell good in there and then I just took prints out and got the oven preheating right now for uh Me to cook. I think I'm going to do pork chops bank potato macaroni And I don't have any vegetables. I have corn and green beans, but I don't eat corn or green beans So I don't know a vegetable. I probably have but I'm going to do a haul for you guys We're going to do big lots first. Oops Big lots first since that's where we went first and then we're going to do The at-home store and then we're going to do one more So from big lots my total was 70 dollars. I already told y'all that basically I'm still like a employee there, which is Really odd, but whatever I'll take the discount. I ain't gonna complain, baby. I'm gonna take my blessing. So from big lots I didn't get much but I did get stuff that I didn't necessarily Go in there for but I thought it would be a good price So to make my house smell good since I've been here Um, I've only did wall plug ins maybe like once and then when it ran out. I just didn't buy anymore. So Now my house is going to be smelling more than just like a house per se Like I'm actually going to have like a smell in here.  And so I got the two pack of the febrize downy scent. Absolutely love Got the matching fabric Febreze spray to spray Among my furniture so we can have this one scent going around everywhere So super excited to have that because I hate my house just smelling like house Got this clear forks Because I don't know why but I literally I cook every day. So I use forks literally about two to three times a day So, yeah, I got some more ant roach and spider spray because when I'm outside I do we see it's both spiders outside and I don't like that So I got that got my favorite little snack. These are like the only chips that I eat as a snack And then I got a little bitty fan I got this to take to work because sometimes lately I've been really hot at work So I got this to take to work and then Kind of maybe put because I sleep with my room door closed So all the air that's in the living room guest room all of that that's in here It'd be really cold when I set my um thermostat to like 68 And it'll feel good in my room. But when I step outside of here, it's like extremely cold So I got this little fan to be blowing on me at night while I'm sleeping too So I don't know. I'll probably take it to work or bring it back and forth to work after sanitizing and this stuff So we'll see but I got me a fan to sleep with I feel like the exposure is like really light. So let's Oh, it's synthesizer. Oh, okay And then I got one more bag from big lots Which is So happy to get this. I love the linen smell. It's just a good universal smell To pair with a whole lot of stuff. So I got the linen three pack Also got the heavy duty 20 pack y'all saw that and then I got the 90 count of Fish washer pods hopefully it's 90 in here because it is open. Hopefully ain't nobody been stealing But yeah, super excited. This is only I think I stated already in the clip But 12 dollars for a pack of 90 when they had a pack of like 60 for 14 99 Which it was like the heavy duty one But like come on now You can't beat that and I'm pissed because I had a three dollar off coupon for this and I left it here somewhere But whatever I bought it now. So that is what I got from big lot next is being home store They I actually had a good shopping experience this going around. They had Some new stuff in there. They were getting ready. They were already putting up stuff for the fall like pumpkin stuff The scarecrows like, you know, they're home store when they start putting out holiday decor You better go ahead and snatch up all the regular stuff because the whole place is going to be filled with holiday stuff Which granted, there's still stuff that's not like Fall attire and like Christmas stuff But once they put out the holiday stuff, you ain't gonna find much like good good home decor around the whole store for that matter. So With that being said, they had a lot of stuff on sale None of the stuff I got was on sale, of course, but whatever. So y'all saw me get the 25 pack of hangers 999 from their home store And then I got this cute vase It was 1299. It's definitely giving Like dark black dark brown. This is going to go into my Master bathroom. We're going to be putting this up today. Actually. So yeah, super excited about this. Hopefully it looks really nice with my emerald green pompous coming out. So Super excited about that one. And then I got these two Um the lady at the register, she was like looking at everything that I got and she was saying that everything At the home store smelled the same to her. She said probably because she worked there, but I'm like girl Everything smells completely different. So I got these two. This is my first time ever using these. They were 1499 each It's the vanilla oak and I got the coral sands So it comes with the read diffuser set includes eight reads and then of course the bottle of the fragrance I did open these and smell these and this one definitely smells better than this one But this one is kind of like that pink coral color and this one is just plain the gold tips So this one will be going in my master bedroom. This one will be going to my guest bathroom So because the pink is in my guest room. I don't use pink anymore, but I do like that smell better But they both smell amazing. So super excited to use that And then ending off on the smell goods I like these candles better than the ones at Bath & Body Works. Don't get me wrong I'll give me a good little champagne toast some type of like Holiday scents in the candle, but these are bigger than the ones at Bath & Body Works And I just feel like they last a lot longer. So I got the amber and sage She also smelled this and was like, oh, yeah, they all smell the same No, baby I get things that's in the same kind of classification to kind of keep that same smell when I threw my whole apartment But anyways, I love these candles. They come in a lot of different scents and they're only 1099 Sometimes they don't sell for like 999. So we're going to get into one more One more I've got Stuff to cook for today. So I got a big pack of macaroni to cook tonight I got a can of male witch and then I also need more forks I got the plastic forks from big lots But this is the kind of forks that I have that I bought from the No from home goods Not this brand, but it's like this.  So I got a pack of pork chops And I don't take them out the bag because they make drip juice And then I got oh, this is from big lots also This was only like nine dollars. I think so I think that was a pretty good price and then I got shampoo and conditioner from one more along with some oil So I just ordered inventory from my hair brand. It's what I'm wearing right now a jb beauty collection Okay, so I love the Aussie brand to wash shampoo condition my bundles. So that's what I got I got about 12 bundles coming in next week for a restock and then I got two pieces of lace So I needed to re-up because I ran completely out of shampoo and conditioner And then this is my favorite oil to use it just so happened to be Aussie, but yes That's that and then the The last two things that I got you probably already saw was two pillows. These were 15 dollars. I thought they were like 13 dollars so Yeah, these pillows better be good. So I got the king size obviously and then I got the um the cooling pillow because I'd be hot as y'all see I just bought a little bit of mini fairness thinking my face so I bought these cooling pillows. I'm gonna put my satin pillow cases on these and I hope it just feels Like I'm in igloo or a freezer or something. So I got two of those to replace um This vlog I can't show y'all too much in this vlog because I am still waiting To post two other vlogs that should have been posted before this one But they're getting approved like I'm still waiting to be paid for them from two different companies. So You're gonna know why I got these when you see the other vlog That's why I hate posting out of order, but they're not too out of order. I just recorded those last week But y'all do need to watch those before this one But I am going to be posting this one before that one So yeah, I did get some new home pieces and home decor and stuff like that But yeah, you'll see all that in a different vlog. So I'm going to put these together and then I'm also going to start on my dinner real quick um, I'm about to go ahead and put my Bank potatoes in the oven because normally they take about at least an hour to cook. So I'm going to do that and then Yeah, we're going to set up all of my new stuff It's also just threw up before I took it outside. So I did cook him some rice in my rice cooker So I'm going to put some rice in his food It's kind of like a blend of diets if you will I already added a little bit of warm water to kind of soften up his food I don't know why something he just he's a more key. So more keys. It's just a stomach. I'm used to it He's usually always fine. He probably didn't got into something he was supposed to so I'm going to cook Well, I cooked him some plain white rice And obviously I'm going to let it cool down before I feed it to him But I'm going to give him a lot On top of his kibble And then I'm going to save the rest for in the morning Because I like to feed him a bland diet Or at least a full day or for that feeding This is what I like to use from when he like has diarrhea, but this usually just cures all of his sickness This is a really really good brand.  So Yes, and then I put one in the living room area slash dining space. So these are going to go into my Bathrooms so since I got so much stuff on my countertop already I think I'm just gonna I put this like it looks really nice to match just the you know pink that's going on in here And we're going to put on this up. I try to keep the guest bathroom like literally Spotless because obviously it's because the guest bathroom And this is the bathroom that I always like to use to do content in So keeping it in tip top shape is a must But if you haven't seen the organizing of the video clip so you can see that but yeah, I think it looks really nice right there Okay, this is how my bathroom is looking. Let me give my ring light All right, this is how my bathroom counter is looking to mess. We just want to close my closet up because Yeah, would I need to see what's in there? So We got a mess baby girl. Okay It's just Yeah, so This is what I want to go inside of here I have the stems for this but I think oh, I may need the stem Actually Does that look right or should I get the stems the stems may make that too big I think that's cute Okay, so I'm gonna put The stems in a couple of these to see how it would look That's how it looks Tall And these are fake by the way Do we like it tall ways or do we like it? Pushed down. I'm gonna take a picture. We'll look better Like this like all sprouted out with these tall stems Or should I Or should I do No tall stems and have it I gotta fix it, but I have it coming out Like this Okay, so I just said that the root check because I really don't know which way I like it better I kind of like it Straight up and down like that I kind of like it like that. So we're gonna keep it like that for now And then this stuff that's in this corner Y'all know I had this in my last apartment I've been trying to figure out how to use this and where I can use it So I'm gonna try it in here One more time and see If I can make use out of it anywhere If not then bummer I'm gonna move this because I have so much cabinet space. I don't even need this little thingy I'm still gonna use it But I'm gonna tuck it away In a cabinet rather than putting it on top of the counter So if I put this right here Yeah, okay, the oil is already getting up there the candle with the black top You can sit like that. What we thinking what we thinking Mm-hmm Is it doing it for the girls or what? What we being what we think what we think I think I like that And I think I like no stem Yeah, I think I like that Oh, that's cute. Okay. So it doesn't take up too much space. So I think I'm going to use that for my room honestly And then I'm making it like a um one of those Candle stem cutters the in the matte black into place right here And I think that'll just top off this little b6 right here. That'd be so cute The last thing that I have to do is switch out these pillows for these Right now these are a size small queen or full set pillow and the pillow cases are a king explain that in my vlog that hasn't been posted yet, but Will be posted Like these pillows are still good pillows. It's just they are really soft. These are from big lots, which I used to think I still like a soft pillow, but every night. I don't want a soft pillow. So Yeah, we're done with those these are already told y'all They feel a little bit more firm if you will. So I think I would like that They are cool too. Yes. I can't wait to go to sleep tonight, baby Okay, let's put these over and then I put I wanted to put the cool pillows with this, um Specific type of pillowcase instead of the cotton one. I wanted to use this silky one so Yeah, it definitely looks better. Can I still feel it? Okay, yes a coolness


E flat major or C minor which is I guess the right way to say it. C minor and E flat major related to each other. So the song has basically three sections, there's the verse which goes, then it has the pre-chorus, and that goes on. And the chorus has that 8th note piano pattern. So let's basically go ahead and learn each section. I guess we'll start with the chorus and then we'll try and backtrack to the verse which is quite interesting. So every section you can have a different pattern to play on the keyboard. So let's first look at the chorus chords. First of all the chords are C minor, B flat, that's an A flat 7th or major 7th rather. And the way I'm playing A flat major 7th is I'm playing a C minor in my right hand and an A flat in the left hand. So it's sort of like a C minor with an A flat bass. And what that does is you have an extended chord which has four notes in it. So that's the chord they use for the chorus. So it's basically C minor, B flat we could have had it or A flat major 7th, A flat, B flat, C. So just remember that the A flat chord happens for 4 plus 2. So that's A flat, 3, 4, A flat, B flat. So let's do it with the left hand we could have had A B flat, rolling in the deep, A flat, A flat, B flat, C minor, B flat and we played it A flat, A flat, B flat. So it's essentially the same chord progression which gets repeated into 2. That's C minor, B flat, A flat major 7th, A flat major 7th, B flat major. It's a sum total of about 3 unique chords. I'll tell you the words at which it comes. We could have had it all, so all has two chords.  Now on the piano what we do is you basically have this nice thumping 8th note pattern and the left hand plays the base notes of each chord. That's basically the name of the chord, so C minor, C, B flat major, B flat and so on. We could have had it all, rolling in the deep, A flat major, B flat major, C minor, B flat major, again C minor because it's A flat major 7th and then B flat major. Let's do that again with the rhythm. Also the accents are on 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, that'll sound very groovy. Try to get that and also use your wrist to get a nice accent going. Let's do that again with the left hand, rolling in the deep, hand on inside, B flat, A flat. Then it goes to the verse. I've written down like a post chorus 2 thing here, what that basically means is the chorus happens a sum total of, well a lot of times in the song, so there's chorus 1, right after chorus 1 it goes back to verse 1. So chorus 2 on the other hand goes to like a bridge before that acapella clapping part. There's a verse which is just clapping an acapella. So let's look at the post chorus chords which are very easy. The same A flat major 7th which you learn, B flat, C minor, B flat, A flat, A flat, B flat, B flat. So it's the same chords, just a different ordering if you ask me. So the chorus will end. So that's A flat major 7th, B flat, C minor, B flat, A flat major 7th, B flat, C minor, B flat, A flat major 7th, A flat, B flat, A to the B. And then goes to that clapping acapella part. So now we have the next section which is the pre-chorus, I'm just going like before in time.  So that's a very interesting transition. You have a G minor at the end and then a G major which is actually out of the key sort of makes it the C harmonic minor scale for a short while there and G takes you very well to the C minor chorus. G minor doesn't pull you as hard as G major does. So that's a very interesting compositional thing there.  So there's like a ghost B flat as well which only the pianist plays. So A flat 2, 3, 4, B flat 2, 3, 4, G minor 2, 3, 4, A flat 2, 3, 4, 1. So this is actually at the end of the bar, at the 4. And then it goes to the same thing almost A flat, B flat, G minor, G major. So that's the difference. In the first cycle it's A flat ending, second cycle is G major ending because they are going to the chorus. So let's look at this now with the left hand, B flat, G minor, always the roots in the left hand, A flat. So when you do that additional ghost B flat here, you don't need to change the base note in the left hand.  So that's the pre-chorus. Another way you could perhaps play the pre-chorus is with an eighth note passage in the left hand just to make it a little bit more punchy. And just hold the right hand. Okay, and let me do that a little bit slower, B flat, G minor, G minor, build up volume and then the chorus where you do, you need to play that higher around this region is good. Okay, and lastly, you have the verse section. So the verse section, I've actually written it out here, but I'm going to show you this after I teach you like a basic version. So you guys don't get confused. So the verse you can go with these chords, C minor, G minor, B flat major, G minor, B flat major. So that's, there's a fire, C minor, starting in my heart, G minor, na na na na na, B flat major, bring it in, B flat. So the last ending, G, B flat. So C minor, na na na, G minor, B flat, two, three, four, G, B flat. So the ending you do G and B flat quickly. So that'll work really well. But as you hear in the original, you have like a guitar going, there's that unique pattern. So we can get a bit of that as well on the piano by playing what we call as power chord. So this is like a common power chord. So the power chord is built with the root of that chord, then the fifth of the chord and then you can add the optional octave, which I'm for now not doing. So you can do. So basically you can keep that fifth chord thing pumping. Let's see again. C, fifth, G, D flat, G, D flat, C. And another thing to realize is your chords are C, G. You don't hit the G at the on beat. You hit it at the off beat. And that's what I've written down here, one and two and three and four and. So the way you counted is C, two, three, four, three and four and one and two and three and four and one and two and three and four and one and two and three and four and one and two and five, four and one and two and three and four and one and two and three and four and one and two and three and four and. So basically every chord other than the C minor chord or the C fifth chord is all at the end of the one or there's one chord at the end of the three. So let me show that again with you only the left hand and I'll try and hum along. There's a fire starting and starting. So at the ting of the starting you have to play the G. There's a fire starting in my heart. Reaching and turning and turning, turning and turning. B flat. Okay you can do that and then you can hold the chords at the top end in the right hand. So on then goes to the pre-chorus right. Another thing you could do on the piano if you're finding it difficult to play the fifth cause of you just don't like it. Maybe the guitarist is doing it himself. So you can just go down below and play like a super low root of each chord. And do the eighth notes in the right hand. Let's just recap the verse section. You have three patterns. Pattern number one is the simple starting of one where you do just hold the chord G minor. Just holding. The second pattern is where you do power chords and the right hand just holds. And last but not least if you like that deep sound you can play super low roots of the chord and try to do the eighth note here. At the off possibly. And you need to make sure your entire band is doing that off thing. Otherwise it may not sound too cool. Right and at the end of the song. So basically you do like a C minor to the B. That's pretty much it. And then they do like a weird run like that which I guess you could avoid if you want. So that's rolling in the deep by Adele. Three sections verse pre chorus and chorus really cool song to play on the piano. It has all sorts of parts. In fact there's a different piano line rhythmic line for every section. Really cool chords great rhythm pattern and also don't forget that there's a post chorus which happens only post chorus number two before that clapping acapella part. So hope you guys have found the tutorial useful and if you have any doubts do leave them out in the comments and we'll be happy to help. Cheers.


So we'll start out with our first speaker today, and I sure it's a pleasure to have Dr. Eric Lam here. Dr. Lam is a professional in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan. He holds his bachelor's of science degree from the University of British Columbia and his master's of science from Lakehead University. He received his PhD in grassland ecology from the University of Alberta. He has a plant ecologist with expertise and research interests in fields, including rangeland ecology and management, fire ecology, statistical ecology, but I don't even know if that is. It's a plant and soil interaction. So Dr. Lam's talk today is Roots Matter. How Smooth Broome alters the structure of soil microbial communities and soil ecosystem services. Please welcome Dr. Lam. Great, thank you. Well, thank you, Kevin, for that introduction. One of the things you're gonna see in this talk here is a lot of statistical ecology. So be warned. So I really appreciate the invitation to come here. This is actually my first time, even though Saskatchewan's pretty close to North Dakota. It's actually my first time spending any time in North Dakota. And I was kind of sad as I was driving down here that there was a lot of snow around because it looked like there would have been a lot of nice places to stop and hike around along the way. So I'm gonna be talking here about work that has been done in my research lab over the last 12 to 14 years. We've been quite interested in us in Smooth Broome as it's a problem in the US. It's also a problem in Western Canada. And we've been really interested in understanding some of the mechanisms underlying how those invasions happen and why species like Smooth Broome seem to be able to hold on so tightly once they get into a place here. So obviously, something like this, there's gonna be a lot of other people who've contributed to this work. So I'll acknowledge them right off the bat. One, Steve Siciliano. He's a professor in soil science. He's a soil microbiologist. So he was the leader on some of the microbiology stuff we talked about here. Dr. Steve Mamet. He's our statistical ecology wizard who helped us do a lot of the stuff we've done here. Jen Bell, a PhD student recently finished who's done the most recent work in our group on this topic. And then Candace Piper, a master's student who produced as part of her master's the most productive data set I have ever had and the pleasure of working with. I think Candace is up to 12 publications now off of that data set. The two from her master's and then we've just kept reusing it because there was so much good stuff in that data set. So something for those of you who are students to aim for. Okay, so you probably don't need any introduction to smooth brome at this meeting here. Of course, it's a forage grass. If you're raising an origin, in Saskatchewan we had a widespread invasion going back to at least 1920. There's lots of records of road sides being seeded with smooth brome in the 1920s and into the 1930s. It was the go-to species for the Ministry of Highways for a very long time. And so we basically have a nexus of invasion every mile on the grid roads throughout the province. Of course, it invades into intact grassland which is why we care about it from a conservation perspective. Obviously ranchers still it's a very useful species when your primary goal is to be feeding cows but from a conservation perspective it's a real problem. And there's some work from Alberta that shows that as that smooth brome invasion progresses we're looking at a 70 plus percent decrease in native plant diversity where that invasion rolls over. And my next project in this area is actually to see whether that actually qualifies some of our prairie species to be species at risk because that level of population decline from an invasion should kick in the IUCN criteria for a lot of different plant species. So it's a problem and we've been seeking to understand how brome functions and why it's so tenacious once it gets in. So we've been working on this from this perspective for a long time with this particular field site undergoing a small ungrazed piece of grassland being our primary study site. So for context, this particular study we're about 120 kilometers south of Saskatoon. So Saskatoons where I'm based at the University of Saskatchewan. So here we're right on the margin of mixed grass prairie and fescue prairie. So fescue prairie being of course the primary grassland in the Aspen Parkland which is what we have all around at the northern edge of the Great Plains here. So lots of agriculture here. We're looking at anywhere from 70 to 90% land conversion for agriculture. So we got pretty small remnants left. And this particular spot happened to be a remnant because it was where two roads came together in an angle and there was a little area that nobody felt the need to plow up I guess. So little remnants and, you know, it's a, oops, there we go. And as a for scale then it's a, it'd be about a day to get down to us here. A little bit longer because the roads weren't in great shape. So this particular site, what Candace did, she went out and she found places where we still had intact native and we had places within the grassland where the invasion was happening. So we had everything from completely native to places that had an ongoing invasion. So 20 to 50% brome, 50 to 80% brome and then spots where it had gone to 100%. It's likely what was happening here, it was probably golfers were the problem here that the gopher mound disturbance was where the brome seemed to be seeding in on. And then we would get expanding patches going out from those little ground disturbances as there was obviously a big seed source just along the roadside nearby. So that was the studies design. So very, very simple design and we started measuring the heck out of it. So started with traditional plant community stuff and we see what is kind of the expected results of a brome invasion. So these figures here are just all brome percent cover in the plots along the X axis and then this is total species richness on the Y axis, species evenness on the other one. So exactly what I'm sure you're familiar with when all of your sites as brome cover increases, we see fewer and fewer species. As brome cover increases, we see evenness going way down. So we're the native species that are present are usually one or two individuals in among the big mass of brome. So exactly what we see in most places, this is why of course brome is such a conservation problem. Then we started digging into the soil and we started looking at all of the ecosystem components here. So one of the first things we asked was, well, so that's the above ground impact of brome. It's native prairie, 80, 90% of the biomass is below ground. So we started looking at using some molecular techniques to identify plant roots. We started looking at how the relationships between above and below ground diversity. What we see here, probably no surprise is that as above grounds in diversity increases, we also find a greater diversity of root species below ground. So if we flip this plot around in our mind, of course, as brome becomes more abundant and our species diversity above ground is going down, our species diversity below ground in the root community is doing the same thing. Interestingly, this pattern extends all the way into the B horizons. So we're still, it's obviously a bit weaker, but we're still seeing that brome impact on the below ground diversity as we go down below ground. Other things that we see, of course, we see increased productivity. This is why brome is such a good forage grass. It's really productive. So as brome cover increases, we're seeing greater plant-standing biomass and we're seeing greater litter accumulations. So again, I don't think I've shown you anything thus far that you would find surprising. Anybody surprised so far? Okay, that's good. I'm just trying to set the stage here thus far. So then we started asking questions about how the soil is functioning and who's acting within the soil. So here what we looked at was in fully invaded locations versus native locations. So this is the most extreme comparison at the site. We looked at nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. We see that under brome, we've got much, much higher nitrogen mineralization happening. It's not extending over to nitrification. So what that's telling us, we're getting faster nutrient turnover happening under the brome and those nutrients are being taken up quite rapidly, mostly probably by the brome. So there's very little of that mineralized nitrogen going into the nitrification pathway. So it's being sucked up by the system and what we would suggest there is brome is probably enhancing its hold by speeding up the soil nitrogen cycling and then grabbing that nitrogen as soon as it's becoming available, pushing it back into new above ground biomass. So we're speeding up what's happening in the soil and brome's using that to its advantage to sustain that high plant productivity. This is probably also due to the fact that we've got the higher amounts of litter happening under brome. So we're more substrate for mineralization to be working on. So then we started diving into the microbiology. So we went, we took soil samples. We used a next generation sequencing to identify not only the plant roots, but also the fungi, the bacteria and the archaea within those samples. In both the A and B horizons and in the soil. So this is a summary figure here showing our initial analysis of just the bacterial data. So very simple metric here. We're just asking soil bacterial diversity. And then we're using a structural equation modeling approach to ask what are the mechanisms within this community that are driving soil bacterial diversity? Because you will see lots of suggestions in the literature that if the plant community goes to a monoculture, that's probably going to simplify or reduce your diversity in the soil community. So we put in all sorts of variables that we thought might be important. Obviously you got above ground things, plant community. You got to consider litter, amount of root biomass in there, things like soil carbon, soil nitrogen. And I see which of these patterns is affecting soil diversity. So at the back end of the model, for those of you who aren't familiar with structural equation models, these are testing causal networks where we're, for example, saying increased smooth brome increases the amount of litter, which decreases the overall plant community richness, which decreases root C to N ratio. So we can kind of track causal pathways through the system. And we expected when we fit this that we would see something pretty simple where probably litter C N ratio would be the driver of bacterial diversity. We couldn't get the model to fit until we put in an ad hoc relationship to get it to fit, which is this pathway right here. And so if you've used structural equation modeling, you'll know that if your model isn't fitting and you have to add in something ad hoc, that's telling you that you've basically got a theory gap. We had no reason to think that there was a mechanism linking brome and soil bacteria that didn't involve these variables. And because we had to put this pathway in, it's telling us that brome is doing something independent of all of these other variables. We spent a long time trying to figure out what was going on here. Because the other thing that was happening was brome was causing an increase in bacterial diversity. So not the pattern we're supposed to be expecting. It was going to a brome monoculture was increasing the diversity of soil bacteria. That doesn't make a lot of sense, at least based on the literature at that point. Finally, what it realized was happening is brome was selectively suppressing a small number of very dominant bacterial species within that soil community. So in this figure here, the black bars are showing basically relative abundance of different bacterial species in the native community, and then the red is invaded. What we see, some of these really common ones in the native community are being selectively suppressed by brome, and that's actually producing what's probably a competitive release of a whole bunch of rare bacteria in the soil. We've since in other work, going to things like canola and stuff like that, where we've got a much simpler system, we've demonstrated in a number of different plant species that it's quite common that plant species will be selecting for rhizosphere bacteria kind of at the species level. So this isn't an unusual mechanism, but it is kind of surprising, and probably why the received wisdom before this was diversity goes down, when brome goes down, is the previous studies were done using less sensitive techniques. So we're using next generation sequencing, which gets much deeper into the community, better able to pick up the rare things. So we kind of left it at this point for a while, Candice graduated, went on to a job and started a family and things, but we were still thinking about what was going on in the system, why this was happening. And we had collected at the same time as we collected these, the bacterial data, because once you extract samples, it's easy to amplify another region, test a different, go after a different group of organisms. So we had, when we'd collected the samples, we'd also run the archaea and the fungi. So we kind of sat on this data set for a while because to be honest, Steve Ceciliano and I, we didn't really know what to do with it. Cause at this point, we're dealing with each of these bacterial data sets. We've got about 120 samples. Each of these data sets has anywhere from 200 to 500, 600 fairly common bacterial species in them. So kind of separate matrices. Plus we all have all that environmental data. We weren't sure statistically how we could do anything sensible with it. Steve Mamet came along as a postdoc who is a, just a wiz at this stuff. And we started thinking about how we were going to, how we could actually tackle this data. And if you love your complicated statistics, this paper will keep you happy for quite a while. Basically the approach here is to, so we've got all of these different community matrices. We have to simplify them a bit. So there's a lot of noise in sequencing data. So we have to get rid of some of the, some of the noise, try and enhance the signal a bit. We've got our covariates. So basically the brome gradient, our plant community stuff. And then we need to start working through it to identify who the important players are within each of those data sets and how they're interacting with each other. So trying to identify basically the environmental covariates that seem to be associating with heases of the microbial community. And then we need to identify the key interactions within the microbial community that are important. So when you've got, let's say 500 different different bacterial species, you know, you can do the math and how many potential pairwise interactions there are between species in there. So the challenge is to dig through that mess to identify pairwise interactions that seem to be important. So that signal we saw earlier where suppressing three or four common bacteria competitively released a whole bunch of others. We're kind of looking for those kinds of signals where a change in abundance of one is associated with a fairly radical change in abundance of another species. And so with that, by kind of simplifying the data set down where we get to what we think are the key players within the microbial community and we get to what we think are the key environmental variables. Then we can go back to our kind of structural equation modeling approach asking how these are relating and how they might be driving ecosystem function. So this is a very complicated diagram. I originally had three more associated with it but I felt we could probably keep it at just this one. This diagram here is just to show you some of the data and some of the process. So some of the key variables we've identified in here are below ground, soil organic carbon, probably no surprise that that's gonna be a major driver of microbial community dynamics. Root biomass turns out to be a pretty important driver. And as we begin to break it down, we see these arrows here indicate some of the really important brome microbial dynamics that are going on. So the amount of brome root biomass that's present, it drives things like soil organic carbon. Turns out soil organic carbon is fairly important for both the fungi and bacteria, root biomass. Same thing, root biomass and soil organic carbon, of course, are gonna be fairly tightly correlated with each other. So kind of from the brome to bacteria and brome to fungi pathways, they seem to be driven by the amount of brome roots that are present. On the other side here, we found that the nitrogen in the above ground litter is pretty important as well in driving both bacteria, fungi and the archaea within the soils. And if you dive in further into these figures, each of these points is a sample, they're color coded by the amount of brome that's present. So the redder the color, the more brome there is present. And so you can see there's all sorts of significant correlations happening within these. But the important point is that we've got, we're kind of down to these two major drivers. And then within the soil community, turns out that archaea are actually a pretty important player. They're not all that abundant. There's not all that many species of them relative to bacterial and fungi, but the archaeal community appears to be structuring both bacteria and fungi. Bacteria are also important in structuring the soil fungi. So we've got these very complex dynamics among very, very different sets of organisms, ultimately appearing to drive the fungal community. So maybe we made a bit of a mistake by focusing on bacteria in that first paper. Maybe we should have done the fungi first. So I hope you can kind of see it out, like this is a complex web of interactions happening here and involving well over four to 5,000 different species. So few of the key actors that are happening here driving this, we can get down to naming a relatively small number of microbial species that seem to be the drivers of all these relationships. So most of the species that are present are just kind of passengers along for the ride. There's a small number that are driving it. We actually see that it's a relatively small number of plant species that are driving these relationships as well. Obviously, brome is important, but once we looked at the root diversity data, what it turns out is particularly for the fungi, it's not the presence of brome so much that's the problem. It's the fact that when bromes present, a lot of the native species are disappearing is the problem, particularly for the fungi. So it's that displacement of native species that's driving some of this, not just the presence of a new really productive species. So then as we get to trying to put this all together, we see that we've got these bacterial mediated relationships structuring fungi driven by brome shoots and brome litter in the soil A horizon. And then when we drop to the B horizon, it actually becomes the brome roots that are a little bit more important. So every analysis we were doing here, we had pairs of samples, one taken from the A horizon, that top 10 to 15 centimeters in the charnism and then samples down to about 30 centimeters in the B horizon. What we're looking at here now is a kind of a summary of all this. So we've got brome shoot biomass, brome root biomass, archaeal diversity, bacterial diversity, fungal diversity. When we're looking at the coefficients on these lines here, so the coefficients that are ahead of the little slash there, those are what's going on in the A horizon, the ones after the slash or the B horizon model. So we see in the A horizon, we see brome shoots and brome litter, really important driver of bacterial diversity through that selective suppression. Down in the B horizon is exact opposite. So brome roots don't really matter in the A horizon, significant driver in the B horizon. The archaea seem to, for the most part, once we come down to it, they're not really responding to the brome, at least in this particular model. So we had to run this model multiple times using different sets of important players. So all I'm showing you here is the bacterial, or sorry, the diversity model. And then we see this bacterial diversity, driving fungal diversity, particularly in the A horizon and the B horizon doesn't matter quite so much. So at this point, we're feeling like we have a little bit of a handle on this. So you should be aware that kind of underlying this, we actually had to write a stats paper to demonstrate that some of these techniques actually worked. So say, fortunately, we were able to have Dr. Mamet on the team for this. But at this point, this is our best take on what's going on. So this point, we started getting uncomfortable with the fact that we've been mining the same dataset from the same site for quite a while now. So what if we had a really weird site? It's always niggling in the back of your mind that at some point you gotta demonstrate that this is going on somewhere else. Now, one of the challenges with getting all of this stuff published is, of course, we run into a lot of reviewers who ask for multi-site, multi-year data. And we would lead that, took a good portion of our lives just to get this data from one site. So, be kind to us. But at some point, we do need to kind of expand out. So we decided to go with a different site, one right on the edge of Saskatoon, where we could have ready access to the site. It's a piece of native prairie owned by the University of Saskatchewan, 15 minutes from the main building on campus. So we're like, okay, we're gonna do this right. We're gonna sample across a wider spatial area. We're gonna sample temporally. So we're gonna sample from green up to freeze up, everything else, because this site's super close. Actually, this is actually a very old photo of this particular site. I actually, this is a neighborhood now, which causes all sorts of trouble when I start doing prescribed fire out here. But I keep this photo around to show that we were here first. So, and so this particular site is against a fescue grassland. It's actually one of the largest pieces of intact fescue grassland in Saskatchewan. And we started, and we also have multiple invasions there. So at this particular site, Brom is a problem. Kentucky bluegrass is actually a bigger problem. Plus we have absent, and we have perperanial south thistle, and we have, what else, we have Canada thistle, knotting thistle, you name it, we've got it. So we've got in a multiple invasions happening at the same time, plus our Brom. So we went out there and we sampled weekly from say from green up to freeze up. We had a very, very committed group of undergrads and technicians who were out there every week, regardless of the weather. And we relented on the last day when it was a little bit of snow coming down and the ground was starting to freeze. We're like, okay, you don't have to go out next week. And we sampled about 500 locations over that year, measured plant community, all sorts of ecosystem services, soil community. So again, archaea, fungi, bacteria. And we actually collected this data set in 2014. And we were a little overambitious, shall we say. So the sampling design, again, very complicated. And it was only once we got a really talented PhD student, Jen Bell, in our research groups that we were actually able to tackle it. And she finished her PhD in 2021. So this is fairly, fairly recent stuff. So important thing here, this is just ordinations of the plant community. And I've scored the sample locations based on the abundance of the foremost common invasive species. So you can kind of see we have, we have Brom invasions, bluegrass invasions, thistle invasions, south thistle invasions. They overlap to some degree, but not completely. And then we have lots of locations within the site as well that are completely native. So we started, and then we measured soil ecosystem services. So we decided to take an explicitly ecosystem service approach here, where we measured a bunch of different processes, mostly chosen because there were things that we could readily measure. So for example, Steve had a detector in his lab that led us for just a few cents a sample, measure glyphosate degradation on a little soil sample. So that gives us a measure of ability of the soil to handle potential contaminants. And this would be just the data from that one ecosystem service over time. So this isn't quite Julian day. This is April to November. So we have this for everything from forage production, things we can classify as soil conservation measures water purification measures, soil climate regulations. So these would be things like soil organic carbon and then measurements of nutrient cycling rates. So basically everything we'd measured in those previous studies plus a bunch more stuff. Some of the really surprising things we found is number one, the invasion actually was having really limited effects on ecosystem services. Probably not what we wanted to hear, but that's what the data showed. And so what we're looking at in all these figures, these are at kind of peak productivity in the season. So this is basically late June to the beginning of August. There's another figure for spring, another figure for the senescence period, but this one mostly makes the point. So when we look at things like forage production, we've got the green ones are highly invaded. So these are where more than 50% of the plant biomass is an invasive species of some kind. The middle ones there, those are ones where invasive species are present, but they're not making up the majority of the biomass. And then 100% native, no invasive species present. So first thing we see, well forage production is up when we have an invasion. Okay, no surprise, we've got Kentucky bluegrass and brome are the two main invaders. So no surprise, we're gonna see any changes in that. Water purification related ones. So this would include the glyphosate degradation, for example, no effects. Same thing, climate regulation, we're not getting any differences in soil organic carbon or anything like that with invasion. Some of our soil conservation measures, we're seeing a little bit of an impact here. I'm not quite sure what's going on with these ones. And then nutrient cycling seems to be highest when we've got that kind of mixture of invaded and native community present. So a little bit surprising, we were expecting to see quite a bit stronger effects to be honest on this. And we do, I'm not gonna show you the data, but we do see all the standard effects of the invasion on plant community diversity with one very interesting exception. Native plant diversity is actually higher when brome was present. Again, kind of scratching my head on that one. What it turns out actually is this particular site, we do conservation grazing where we graze at an extremely late stocking rate for about two months of the year. What it turns out actually, well, the cows are doing a really good job of keeping the brome under control. And so most places where brome is present, they're keeping the brome clipped down to just a few shoots and they're preventing it from going to seed. And they're kind of digging around with their hooves a little bit. So that's where we find all of the low-growing native forbs. We find lower diversity here in rough fescue, which it goes to a climax where the community is 90 to 100% rough fescue. So there may be some weird things going on at this site as well. But as we try and put the data here together, we start seeing a feedback loop where as in the previous study, when we get invasion, and remember here now we're invasion writ large, so this is not just brome, but bluegrass and other species, we start seeing altered assembly processes within the microbial community. So one of the really neat things that Jen did in her thesis was she started trying to classify the mechanisms that were structuring the soil communities. So is it internal dynamics among the bacteria that's structuring bacterial diversity or is it the ability of new species to arrive at the spot? So kind of external versus internal mechanism structuring the community. She found, yes, invasion is restructuring these assembly processes, particularly for fungi. This then is altering our soil microbial communities and we are seeing some limited feedbacks into ecosystem services and feedbacks back to the invasion themselves. So we're seeing some of the same processes I showed you from the previous study between the altered microbial community and the invasion. But overall the impacts are surprisingly limited given what we might expect when you take a new novel plant species and they're going to 60, 70, 80% of the total biomass in the community. The impacts are actually surprisingly small once we get to this kind of course ecosystem services level. So some of the key messages I'd like to leave you with here is number one, we see right from the beginning smooth brome is altering those soil processes in ways that are maintaining the invasion. So I think it's that input of extra litter as the brome begins to grow and then the higher mineralization rates that are being driven by that extra litter is probably one of the critical mechanisms keeping brome present. Because remember that nitrogen that was being mineralized was not going into the nitrification pathway. So it was being sucked up by the plants that were present very, very quickly and probably turned back into brome biomass. So there's kind of that positive feedback loop going on with brome right from the beginning there. And then this cascades into a fascinating series of dynamics within the soil. But if we're gonna take kind of a practical approach to this, I mean, there's not really any way that we can be manipulating those soil processes. We can only really manipulate the soil processes by what we can do to manipulate the plant community itself. The microbes are going to do their own thing in response to what the plants are doing. And so I would suggest that probably our key with the brome is we wanna disrupt this cycle. So preventing that accumulation of excess litter, preventing that on a jump starting of the nitrogen cycling, that's going to, if we can prevent that, that's going to put those slower growing, more conservative native plants on a more even footing against the brome. And I think that's actually what we see in our current and prairie example where in the end, in this case, using a light conservation grazing to prevent that litter buildup combined with a regular prescribed fire regime, we're actually, we're not getting rid of the brome. It's probably there to stay, but we're keeping it down to the point where it's really not causing us any serious trouble. And so I think if we use that lens of recognizing litter as that key point in the cycle, what can we, and then ask yourself, what can we do to at that point? I think that that's where we can actually have impact on kind of controlling brome invasions. So that is my talk. Thank you very much. Thank you for the invitation to come here.


everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Arma with the Stock Swoosh. And today I wanted to talk to you about my class, the Golden Gap course. I received an email from someone this morning that asked me because he said, I'm a beginner. He said, you heard in a video that I teach people that are experienced traders. The fact is I teach both experienced traders and inexperienced traders. I've taught people that have never traded their life before. And I've also taught people that have traded more years than I am alive on this planet. So I've taught all kinds of people, young, old, experienced, new, all kinds of people. So whatever your background is, whatever experience level you could come and take my class. Now, let me say this, any person that comes to me, all right, even if they have traded in the past, even if they have day traded, done options, whatever they've done, they're new to my system. Okay. And the only question that created my system is me. So anyone that comes to me new, or if you've been trading for 35 years, the fact is you don't know what I know about my method and about my Golden Gap system, about the rating system, the 26 points. So don't be concerned if you're brand new because everyone that comes to me is essentially new to my method and my system. All right. Now, as far as pressing the buttons, getting practice with that, your broker, wherever you set up a trading account is the one that is going to go over with you and practice with you, which you could practice on a demo and explain to you how to actually take the trade, whether you should go take a short or whether you take a long and how to exit it. Okay. All of that stuff, your broker should be able to teach you that is not the trading system. That is not the method. That's not the class of the education or how you're making the picks of what you're trading in what direction. That's completely separate. Any broker out there should teach you how to use their platform if you're brand new and you've never traded before. And so the difference between an experienced trader and a beginner is you may have experienced trading on a certain platform that you're used to and you know how to actually take the trades and exit the trades, but how do you know what trades to take? How do you know which direction? How do you know what stock to look at? How do you know how to read the market? How do you know how to reprice gas? All the things that I know, that's what you learn in the course. And so everyone that comes to me is essentially new. Okay. Or a beginner to the golden gap system. So do not worry about it if you're new. Do not worry about it if you don't have an experience. I allow people to ask questions. All right. And you know, I enjoy teaching people quite frankly. So you can email me after the class. You can call me after the class. If you're in the live trading room after the class, you can ask me questions every single solitary day. All right. So whether you're experienced or whether you're new, every single person is on the same page when they come to me on this level here, because the fact is you've got to learn the golden gap system in the course. And in order to do that, you have to sign up for the class. I teach it once a month. The cost of class is $69.99. It's seven grand US dollars. You must email me for sign up forms if you want to sign up. And the next class is coming up this weekend. It's June 12th and 13th. So email me if you'd like to sign up. Have a great day, everyone.


YouTube team keep it clean What's going us in graven here with another video and in this video the morning buddy Hope everybody's doing good. Hope everybody is having a great day so far. No, it's too early. It's only 19 in the morning so in 19 in the morning. So it's early. It ain't that early though Some of y'all I know y'all got the day off from work. Some of y'all got a day off from school whatnot, but whatever anyway Um This is something that I really had to share because it uh, you don't hear stories about this too often You pretty much never hear stories about stuff like this And I'm not sure if you guys had heard about it. It ain't really Make headline news anything, but um, oh he said no days off in college. That's what's up, man It ain't really make headline news anything like that, but it's something that was a very very very nice move By new England now before we get into that. Let me introduce myself me. I'm engraving vids This is my YouTube channel engraving vids and I'm a Ravens fan And even though I'm a Ravens fan on this YouTube channel we talk ratings of course, but we also talk football period So if you're Ravens fan, you can subscribe if you a fan of the Patriots you can subscribe Or if you just love talking about football period make sure you subscribe to the YouTube channel turn your notifications on like I see most of you have already Like the thumbs up leave a like on the video You can also follow on Twitter Instagram and snapchat all three are engraving vids and I appreciate all y'all coming through so early Good morning. What's up? Joe? What's up? Alexander? What's going on Francisco? What's going on steel gunplay? Juan Lopez? What's up, man?   It's a dirty game. It's a business. So That's expected These teams are out to make money the league. What's up Lewis? What's up savage? The league is out to make money Yeah, it really wasn't a barbecue.    What's up tape? That's why a lot of players when they sign contracts They try to get Most money up front and they tried what they pay attention to the most is guarantees They pay they pay the most to get they pay attention the most to guarantees because if something is guaranteed that means no matter what You're gonna get your guarantee to get that would have a much have a much that amount of money is That's a guarantee. So no matter what happens whether you still on the team and you get cut release traded whatever You're guaranteed to get that money So in something that a Victor Cruz he brought this up a couple years ago I forgot where he was going to interview from But when he brought it up, I'm like wow that actually makes a lot of sense even though it is very very grimy and dirty But it's a business. So it makes a lot of sense. You know when these players sign these deals they'll sign the deal and and The deal some of the deals will be for it'll have playing time incentives in it So meaning or yeah, it'll have some type of incentive in there If you score 10 touchdowns, you get another million dollar bonus if y'all make the playoffs you get a million dollar bonus If you are started by the end of the year you get a million dollar bonus if you play 90% of the start the snaps as a starter Then you get a million dollar bonus and these are just examples They're not always million dollar bonuses or whatnot, but that's I was just trying to give you an example of the type of incentives That can be included in a contract that somebody signs And in this instance Lawrence guy Who actually played for Baltimore last year? He was on the Ravens for the past couple of years. He was a DN He's a nice run stop in DN pass rush. He's okay him, but that's not his specialty But anyway regardless of the fact He he signed with the New England Patriots this offseason and he had an incentive bonus of $500,000 if he were to play 55% of the defensive snaps 55% So what happened? Oh? He was well on his way to that He was well on his way to playing at least 55% of the defensive snaps so he could earn his $500,000 Ross $500,000 bonus But then what happened still is cut James Harrison And Patriots say you know what still is We got you they picked up James Harrison and James Harrison took over and he took a lot of snaps away from from Lawrence guy Therefore at the end of the season like we said his roster bonus He had to play 55% of the defensive snaps in order to get the roster bonus But he didn't make that he missed it by point two percent because he ended up playing at the end of the year He ended up playing fifty four point eight Percent of the defensive snaps so he missed it by a point two percent and what they calculated that to was literally two snaps He missed the bonus by two plays two plays and that's it and Therefore the Patriots they weren't obligated to pay him that $500,000 anymore Since he missed those two snaps they weren't obligated to do it I'm in something that what I was saying about Victor Cruz something that he brought out a couple of years ago When he was doing an interview he said that that he said he's seen he's seen he's seen a he's seen it a lot of times where NFL teams they will be He said he'll see where in NFL teams will They'll set up player contracts and whatever and they'll be incentive incentivize contracts But when it comes to make that incentive, then they'll bench the player They'll take the player out the game. They'll do whatever they can so they don't have to play pay those players those incentives And I was thinking wow, that's really grimy, but the NFL is a grimy business. So that makes a lot of sense But in this case Laurence guy he missed it by the two snaps But the Patriots they still paid him the five hundred thousand dollars anyway And I had loved that story once I saw that I was like wow, that's That's pretty good, man Because you never ever ever hear of anything like that in NFL Because teams are about making money not just paying out money Even if you missed it by literally two plays they actually for them to actually pay him that money That was crazy, man. That blew my mind. I couldn't believe they did that But I just had to share that with y'all. That was a that was a great story. Oh, I said they did it for PR I don't know what they did it for but the fact that they did it is crazy because you never ever hear of anything like that ever ever nobody does that what's up war more But it was it was just a nice story man. It was a refreshing story for NFL man Very refreshing story because no matter what team it is. I don't care if it would have been even the Browns that did it We would have still been talking about it, but it was that was a great move Because stuff like that just doesn't happen So yeah, man shout out to Laurence guy. Yeah, that is good for him that that he got that bonus former Raven Wish he could have played in a Super Bowl with us, but it's all good man all good. Anyway Alexander said I think the bills did the same for tight rod a few years back intentionally sitting him and missed some requirement Oh, I think I remember what you're talking about. But yeah, it I'm sure it happens in enough teams I'm sure it happens in enough teams man Um, yeah, Francisco, you already know man. He said that was nice of them. Shout out to all the former Ravens They'll love y'all. We sure do But that was that was a nice move um And I guess the Ravens Eric Weddle he they they did it to him this year Um, I guess maybe Dean Pease was mad at Eric Weddle or something Because if the Ravens would have made the playoffs and Eric Weddle, he would have got a bonus one million dollars So what did Dean Pease do fourth and 12 in Baltimore defense on the field game on the line Eric Weddle bonus on the line a million dollars sitting right there All you got to do is make the playoffs to get your million dollars You ain't got to win in the playoffs. You ain't got to make the Super Bowl. All you got to do is make the playoffs And what happens fourth and 12, you know what?  I'm assuming after what happened to the Malcolm Butler situation Which I believe craft didn't have anything to do goes to show you the type of owner he is Yeah, that could be it man could be it but Anyway, just felt like I should feel like sharing that with y'all. So I appreciate y'all I got a a throwback madden video coming out like soon Maybe like around 10 if y'all interested in that you can check it out. If not, no worries But from madden 13 when me and my wife actually did a dual commentary back when I used to do more post commentary videos And I used to edit the madden videos chop them up and put them on here So, you know, that was a long time ago because I haven't done one of those and I don't even remember the last time I did it one of those But here's what it is. Um, so anyway, I appreciate y'all. Thank you. Um Videos on the way All that stuff on the way old vlogs on the way Love y'all. I see y'all later on man. I'm out


What's good y'all, it's your boy Ross back again with another video. So we're going to check out 10 most dangerous spots in WWE Raw history.  That's just a wrestling in general. But the stuff that they do is incredible. Of course, they tried to make sure that the wrestlers are safe as possible with crash mats and stuff like that. But at the end of the day, it's it's still something that is completely shocking when you see it. So we're going to check this out. I'm pretty sure there's going to be a clip of Jeff Hardy in one of these moments. The one moment I can think of is when he climbed to one of the top of the raw sets and jumped off. Oh, just ridiculous, just ridiculous, man. And I'm hoping Jeff is doing well and wishing him a speedy recovery for whatever he's dealing with so he can come back to the ring, man. But let's get right into this. Appreciate all the love and support. Road to 70 K and let's do this thing. Almost unrecognizable to some in its current state, the show burst onto the scene with a blaze of crass attitude and more than its fair share of over the top personalities. Yet the one thing that many lament in this PG era is the outstanding levels of violence they packed into these shows. Now, for good reason, this has been curbed.  Yet which were the real moments that made us jump from our seats and yell, Holy shit, so loudly that our neighbors called the police. Well, let's take a look together. Shall we? With this in mind, I'm JulesWattCulture.com and these are the 10 most dangerous WWE Raw spots in history. Number 10, the New Age Outlaws pusher dumpster. Yeah, that's actually dangerous. He's in a actual dumpster, bro. That's actually dangerous because there's no cushion in there, bro. You just you just got to hope and pray. Oh, man, people offer stage. So cactus Jack and chainsaw Charlie are going at it in a hardcore rules match, hitting all of their usual insane spots as is their want to do. Then Jack tosses Charlie into a dumpster climbs up to the staging era and delivers a diving elbow drop.  But there's simply not enough insulation in that very real dumpster to completely break the fall when the two are trapped inside and pushed off a ledge by the New Age Outlaws dropping a good six or seven feet to the concrete below. It was an incredibly well executed piece of television with pretty much every wrestler and crew member coming out from backstage to sell the legitimacy of the injuries of Mick Foley and Terry Funk. Of course, it was JR's famous commentary that put it over the edge. Oh my God, don't you dare do that. There's people in there. JR knows how to sell a moment. And I remember watching that. I was like, yo, even I was like, are they okay, bro? Because, you know, saying that that's that's a high drop to fall in a confined space, even with, you know, foam and stuff still there is still still kind of dangerous. Number nine, Van Terminator to Kane with a chair. TLC four was the first installment of the crowd pleasing match gimmick to appear on an episode of Raw and it featured four teams instead of the usual three. This was mental when you consider how set to f**king injury these match types are and the fact that there was now a fourth team in the mix. But it did give us this moment. RVD was off the leash and made the most of every second as he ascended the top rope and flung himself from one ring post to another. The crowd erupted. It's a moment destined to wear out mouse buttons as you repeatedly watch Kane get decimated.  That looked bad. That spot was legit. Shane McMahon crossbody off the top of the cage. Now, this one deserves some extra points for being delivered by an outright amateur. Shane McMahon had only participated in a couple of WWE matches at the time of his interference in this cage match between test and some members of the Mean Street Posse complete with dress slacks and a buttoned up shirt. Shayno Mack climbs to the top of the cage and without even taking a second to pause and consider the ramifications of what he's about to do flings off said cage and onto the members of the Posse who are waiting for him down below. Although it doesn't really reach the heights of Superfly Jimmy snooker perfection. Shane performs the move admirably. Yeah, Shane always will be a legend in a goat when it comes to wrestling because he was not afraid to do anything and he's not even a traditional wrestler.  Crazy bruh. Crazy. Causing everyone in the crowd and probably at home to wonder where the hell this guy came from. A fact that he hasn't let us forget even today as he tries to find more things to jump off in search of his father's love. Number seven Jeff Hardy swat on bombs off the top. This is what I was talking about at the beginning clip. I remember watching this and just this was just ridiculous. The Swanton bomb is a lovely move whipping his head back at the very last minute. Jeff Hardy has always pulled off this signature with style yet as beautiful as this move can be. It can always be bettered and Jeff has launched himself off of ladders and cells and bigger ladders in his time. The best though was definitely when he threw caution to the wind and flung himself on the Titan Tron back in 2008 about 35 feet in the air onto Randy Orton below and he f**king nailed it. The spot looks so dangerous and so visually striking that it deserves to live on in infamy for all of time. Number six Bubba Ray power bombs are granny. This spot right here will forever and always be mega rogue reasons that were never adequately explained. There was a very long phase during the initial run with the WWE that saw Bubba Ray and Devon Dudley get off and power bombing women through tables. It was weird perverted and sadistic and I loved it. Yeah, only got weirded though when the Dudley set their sight on the older crowd. Mae Young was in her late 70s when the company decided to let Bubba Ray power bomb her through a table twice. The first time the table was set up in the ring and performed off the top turnbuckle. But the second time is the one we're focusing on because he jumped off the ledge of the entrance and power bombed her through some tables that were below and it was f**king amazing. We've not seen the. I legitimately just I didn't even have any words. I'm like, bro, did he just power bomb someone in her 70s a woman at that off the stage through some tables? I love this s**t. Eldly abused in such a manner since, but then again, could you ever top this? No. Number five, Edge spears Jeff Hardy off of the ladder. The night immediately following their legendary tag team cage match at Unforgiven, the Hardy boys and Edge and Christian were tasked with trying to recreate some of that magic on an episode of Raw. That's a damn near impossible feat considering the told Unforgiven took on their bodies, but the raw match still managed to pull out some absolute gems with Jeff Hardy dangling from the chain that held the tag team championship belts. Edge ascended to the top of a ladder and spears his positively soon to be corpse right into the mat solid 15 feet below. There seems to be no way to take this move properly without some form of pain. So massive props to Jeff and Edge for surrendering their bodies up for a free TV crowd. Number four, Shawn Michaels super kicks Shelton Benjamin's head off. Aside from this being one of the greatest matches to occur at the tail end of Michael's career. His match with Shelton Benjamin provided what is unquestionable. One of the coolest timing finishes to a match I have ever seen. The timing on this has to be perfect. Believe the greatest super kick the heartbreak kid ever executed by the time that HBK fought Benjamin in 2005. He performed the switch in music like I don't know 8 million times yet even a guy who spent three decades perfecting a side kick to the face has to find it difficult not to knock somebody's head clean off when that person is launching themselves across the ring into said kick. This is so good. Benjamin springboards off the top rope arms flailing shooting directly into Shawn's extended boot. How do you pull off that kick?  It was a move that rivals any RKO the Holy Hell. Where did that come from? It was such a surprising spot that it will always be remembered as one of the best super kicks ever delivered by anybody because it was just the timing on that was so perfect. Factor number three. Sabu's triple jump leg drop on John Cena W's own Houdini of hardcore had a pretty short run in the WWE but luckily he gave us this insane spot before he left bathing in the glow of his successor ECW's one night stand. Sabu looked keen to keep the momentum going against John Cena by showing off his classic Devil May Care attitude with a folding chair magically appearing in the ring set up and ready. Sabu takes a run at it, jumping off the chair and onto the top rope where he balances very precariously for a long old second before launching himself through the air and onto Cena's body with a gigantic leg drop. The amount of hang time Sabu gets is ridiculous as is the fact that the WWE let him try this considering his horrible track record of botching these kinds of moves. Of course the move did result in a huge shine of a Cena which can't have endeared the hardcore icon to Vince McMahon. Still look f***ing great though. Number two, Ken Shamrock takes an unprotected chair shot to the skull.    Between this spot and the unmitigated horror that was his chair shot marathon against mankind at the Royal Rumble 1999. It's incredible that the rock was even allowed to sit on a chair again while performing on WWE TV. And number one, Kurt Angle's moonsault. Some chair shots man. It's back then it was all about making sure you laid in you didn't hold back you didn't you made it look as real as possible so you legitimately used all your strength to hit them with the chair. And if you didn't protect yourself in enough time you was just probably gonna get a concussion. That's just what it was back then.  That's just what it was wrestling was wild a much wilder time back in the day. Off the top of the cage. First of all it needs to be said that this cage match between Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit was a damn clinic on weaving technical wrestling with dramatic storytelling. And now the WWE is slowly putting Benoit matches back on the archives. You took the death defying I don't know they were starting to put his matches back on the archives. Did I know that moment up until this point Kurt had never really shown his distaste for gravity so greatly so him performing the moonsault was a shock but also check out the obscene amount of hang time that's the exact opposite of what most daredevil types try to do when they come down at the top of the cage and this wasn't the only crazy move from the top of the cage as this match also features an incredibly dangerous diving headbutt from Benoit which had all sorts of hazards attached to it but ultimately Angle's moonsault took the crown that night because we'd never seen anything attempted by him that high risk before. Definitely man that definitely took the spot only because he crashed and burned and that was ridiculous man but comment down below let me know what's your most dangerous spot from this video that you you know that you enjoyed the most man for me I'm gonna have to give it to the Jeff Hardy one I just that I remember that so vividly breakfast the dude was literally climbing to the damn there to the rafters hit the Swanson bomb I thought it just looked so brutal that was one of my favorite dangerous spots from this video appreciate all the love and support roll to Sendee Kay appreciate y'all kicking with me see y'all on the next one peace


Nikolam method is a method of division and we usually use the base of the divisor to complete this division using Nikolam method. It is useful when the divisor that we are talking about is nearer to a base. Base is supposed to be a power of 10 such as it could be a 10, 100, 1000 etc. Mostly because we are looking at a divisor it is a possibility that it will be near to 10 or 100. An example of such a division could be 132 divided by 9. In this case the divisor is 9 and when we talk about a base because 9 is closer to which power of 10 it is closer to 10. So in this case base of 9 will be 10. So I will just quickly write it in different color. So base here will be 10 and we need to learn about what is a supplement divisor. It's an important concept before we learn about the Nikolam method. So supplement divisor is going to be 10 minus 9 is equal to 1. We are looking at a specific case when base is greater than divisor. So let's see how we can complete Nikolam method now. So the example that we are solving here is 132 divided by 9. In order to start with Nikolam method we should make three parts of the page where we are solving this example. So let's create two lines like these and we will complete our division here. So now first of all let's write the divisor on the left most part and below that we write our supplement divisor. Supplement divisor is 10 minus 9 which is 1. So we'll write 1 here like this and then we write the dividend which is 132 remember that this is a dividend and we want to write dividend in these two parts. The right hand part of the page is reserved for the remainder in this case because the base that we have chosen is 10 and there is only one zero there the remainder will also be a one digit number. So we just have to reserve one place for the right hand side and we can write 2 from 132 here and rest of the digits 1 and 3 like this. So this is how we start with Nikolam method by writing down the dividend and divisor in this fashion. Now the next step is to draw a horizontal line like this and then bring down the first digit of the dividend below which is 1. Now we have to multiply supplement divisor and this digit that we have brought down 1 times 1 and the result is going to be 1 again and we write the result below the next digit of the dividend and then we just combine these digits and we get 4. Now we multiply the supplement divisor by the result that we obtained here and so we will again do plus plus 1 times 4 which gives you 4 and then we write the result below the third digit of the dividend and then we combine these two and we get 6. Now we have to check few things. Is the result that we have got here less than the divisor that is 9? Yes 6 is indeed less than 9. So that means we have finished our division. So now this part here shows us the quotient and the right most part shows us the remainder and that completes our division using Nikolam method. Again please note down Nikolam method is particularly useful when the divisors are closer to the base. We can like test this result if we multiply quotient by the divisor which is 9 and then we add the remainder we get 126 plus 6 which is 132 and that equals the dividend. So our division here is correct. Now we will find out the division 138 divided by 9. Again the base is 10 and the divisor is 9 so supplement divisor is going to be 1 and now let's create 3 parts of the page again like this. Let's write the divisor 9 and below that we will write the supplement divisor in yellow. Let's write it in yellow. Let me put it in the brackets. Now we write 138 in the middle and the right most part in a way that the right most part is dedicated to a one digit number because the divisor that we are looking at is a one digit number. So this is 8 and then we can write 1 and 3 like this.  Then we write the result below the second digit of the dividend and the result we get is 4. Now we multiply supplement divisor 1 with the 4 and the result we get is 4 and we write that 4 below the third digit of the dividend. As you can see the result for the remainder is 12. Now what do we do in such case because we can only put one digit in the last column. We have to cancel this one and write this one here again. I am just extending these columns now. So we have cancelled that one from 12 and written it on the left hand part because our division is not yet complete because our remainder was more than 9 or rather it was a two digit number. Now because we have obtained this one in the central part we will again have to multiply that newly generated green one with the supplement divisor. So yellow one multiplied by this green one I am hopefully choosing the right green here and the result is again 1 and then we will write this result on the right hand side again and now we will sum 14 and 1 which gives you 15 and on the right hand side we get 3 and have we got a single digit remainder? Yes and so this is a remainder for the answer and this is the quotient.