Hello my beautiful internet friends. I'm very excited for today's video because I actually get to bring in some real professionals. I just arrived in Denver and I'm here to meet with Zach Harvey, my Prosthetist, and a para-olympian to talk about the direct socket, which is the new kind of socket that I have. A lot of you guys ask questions about it. It's a very different process than more traditional sockets. I had a lot of questions. A lot of you guys had questions. Like who is it good for and can above any amputees use the direct sockets and what are pros and cons? And so we're going to tackle those today with Zach and Noah. Zach Harvey sitting here to chat with me today about the direct socket. I know you guys were really really interested in that. I'm curious about what that balloon thing was and why the socket was being made directly on me and who it could work for and how it actually is working. And so I thought who better to answer those questions than the man himself. So Zach, thanks for chatting with us today. Thanks for having me. What about it do you like? Like what excites you about the direct socket? I think to understand what it means and what it is, you have to first understand the mold making process that we traditionally use. And as you know, first legs we made, we had, it was pretty labor intensive and it took a lot of steps and a lot of appointments. We had the castor leg, we had to do a check socket. You came back for a follow up, maybe another check socket. Yeah. We had to pour that up, convert that to a carbon fiber socket. This man is a lot different in the sense that the laminated socket is done on the person. It was same day for me. Like I came in and I got it out. And I mean, you guys kind of made a work of art in the back and I had a socket and we were good to go. Yeah, it's a longer appointment. But the idea is that we knock out all the work in one visit. And then we have more time to do things like experiment with different saving everyone time. But it's also, I think more importantly, the accuracy of fit with this is really good. It's taken a fluid dynamics approach to the fitting. And I'll explain that in a minute compared to pressure distribution approach. Traditionally, we look at loading the soft tissue areas maybe with a little bit more pressure than we do the boning prominences. Where this is compressing everything equally from all sides. One of the the biggest questions I had was like, who is it good for? You know, what it worked for me or I mean, who is it good for? Yeah, so right now it's available through us for Bologna and above knee amputees. The above knee system works a little bit different. It's not pressurized. It has a silicone brim that's flexible that flips up over the socket when you put the leg on. Okay. And that contains all the soft tissue. A lot of above knee amputees complain they can put their hand down in their socket. Yeah, got it. This it's nice and tight and supportive around the upper section but it's flexible so it's more comfortable. And that band of silicone provides a second means of suspension. So they might have a CLN liner primarily to hold on but then they have this brim that's not only supportive but it's an extra form of suspension. How long has this been around for? So it was developed in the Scandinavian countries. It's been in practice there in Sweden in particular for one iteration or another for 15 years or so with the transtylbial. Okay. And it seems like a pretty new thing over here. Yeah, in the U.S. it's definitely new. A lot of processes have, prostatis have been familiar with the older form of the transtylbial direct socket where we had a bladder that we go over and pressurize but we're still doing the traditional like plaster cast. Oh, right, okay. So we arrived at that fit but we used more traditional. But right now it's ready for prime time I feel like the materials, the look of it is really good. There's not problems with leaks like they were in the earlier versions.  I mean how it looks does matter to some extent I think. But it's about 30% lighter than a traditional socket for below the knee. I definitely felt that. I mean like there was a very clear difference in the weight of this leg versus the other ones that I had. And it fits clothing really well. Yeah that actually is another thing for real it's easier to get like pants on. And another cool thing we can switch from like a pin lock to suction or vice versa in the same socket it's just a matter of real bolting some hardware. So if you wanted to try a pin lock or suction weren't sure about it. We're really able to go either way or even seal in lighter. That seems like a really good option especially maybe for newer amputees. Is it a good idea for new amps? Yeah or somebody who's on the fence like because the way I look at suspension methods a lot of times it's a lifestyle thing if you're going to be taking your leg off. Who would direct socket not be a great option? So it can work with new amputees but brand new amputees can be like a bulbous. And we wouldn't want to get it stuck during the process. But you know it could work we have some ideas. One thing that I wondered about going into this option was like okay I was seven weeks out from amputation and it's kind of like a final wake almost right away. Is that does that commonly become an issue or because it's so fit to you is that? Yeah volume so volume fluctuation is a thing that we can't really solve with you know static technology. If I anticipate that okay you're just going at your first leg and you're going to be changing a lot we would consider this a diagnostic socket and do it again two three weeks later when the volume is smaller use socks and pads to that point and then call that the definitive. Okay so there's still wiggle room and options within that. But it's still a really it's safer than going out on a check socket which isn't intended for long-term use. Yeah that's always kind of freaked me out actually walking around. Weight rated 350 plus yeah so they're really strong. So the weight restriction on drag sockets is 350 plus is that right? Yeah I can't remember the exact number. Yeah okay cool. Material options. Yeah okay. So the material options would be basalt which is a volcanic material and that's more environmentally friendly from my understanding. Okay. Then like either fiberglass carbon fiber the look is a little bit different. I personally like the basalt. It's kind of got a thicker like weaved. Yeah it looks like snake skin. Yeah exactly it does it looks like snake skin yeah. From my standpoint working on the basalt is less itchy because when we grind the fiberglass and the carbon it speckles gets on your skin and it's a little itchy. I never thought about the poor prosthetists who have to deal with it in the back. So not only is it more environmentally friendly. It's more prosthetist friendly yeah. What about colors what about you can't do fabric with these yet can you? You can I haven't done it yet but apparently we could get like a friend's legs uh spandex kind of thing to go over okay and a lot of different patterns um as our last layer and it just gets laminated in about any color that you want okay we have little dies that we put in and I also want to try embossing powder at some point uh oh to make it sparkly. I would totally be a guinea pig for that. Okay that's awesome. If someone was comparing the pros and the cons of direct socket versus fill in the blank what are some considerations that they should keep in mind? The pros of it would be lightweight it's taken some of the human error out of the process because it's a step by step procedure that can be duplicated. And it's actually on you yeah that doesn't take away the skin of the process. Sure because there's a lot of subtle decisions like we can put pads on bony prominences. Yes uh in order to create relief so that's done under the casting liner but then the pads removed the create a relief which is what he did for me which worked really well because it gave it space. Exactly yeah yeah so without that you'd probably be in a lot more pain yeah um so yeah the skill the process still is there to determine that but as far as the the fit of the socket the volume fit um that's the thing it's taken some of the error out. We to date really have not had to do any modification to the inside of the sockets. Really? What we're adjusting is trim lines. Okay that's pretty simple. And now that we're more familiar with how we're having to do that we've added some pads that we're putting on the patella in the back behind the knee back to your question on the uh like who it's indicated for yes I'd say some congenital like scimes amputee who has a real bulbous distillant and is narrower um they wouldn't be a candidate because again it would get stuck and it wouldn't be able to sit through. Sounds like a bad day. Drag socket for sports it seems to me like it's a fantastic option. Yep. Are there any considerations when it comes to extra active? No not really it's their weight rated pretty high I think it's actually 365. The way I look at it I'm doing direct socket unless there's a reason not to. Cool okay um it's really changed our practice we have a room dedicated to direct socket we have all the liners in stock everything we need right there and a super comfy expensive chair um it moves a person along in every uh position imaginable just so we have the right work environment to do our best work makes so much sense you know kids to take off school and their parents to take off work to bring them in yeah if we can get everything knocked out in one appointment it's better for everyone. It seems like there's a lot of variance across the country and the world when it comes to you how this process goes because as I've kind of documented my process people are like wait you're doing this already or you have another I mean it's just I mean that's how the internet works to some extent but everyone's experience is so different and one thing that people have expressed some kind of frustration with is how long the process can take and I totally get that because when you are lacking mobility and it's kind of within reach you want it as soon as possible and it seems like this is a really cool option to get people there a lot faster especially with like insurance approving appointments or depending on who you're working with it can be one and done to some extent yeah and I've been doing this for 20 years so I take a lot pride in my my hand skills or yeah being able to take a cast and modify it and know it's going to fit yeah but when I can make those fits even better with a new tool it's kind of like backing up in a car when you have a rear view camera yeah it's like well like wow you see so much more of what's behind you than yeah looking in your mirrors and turning your head around even if you're great at backing up this is a this is a tool that's going to help me yeah better sockets and get better outcomes yeah that's what it's all about getting more comfortable sockets I was really excited to get the chance to sit down with Noah who is an above knee amputee to talk about his experience with a direct socket as being an above knee amputee is going to be totally different than being a below knee amputee so how does it work for above knee amputees I'm here with my brand new friend Noah who is a fellow amputee who snowboards which I definitely need to get into because I've I live in Colorado and I've never still boarded in my life but you got to go yeah it's pretty good it from what I understand I love it it's so much fun and yeah you know I'm an above knee amputee I lost my leg uh four years ago I decided to amputate it after I was going through chemo and cancer but I've had many different sockets I've had everything from like skin fit to liners and velcro to suction and I've had all those different kinds of suspensions but out of all of them the direct socket is really like something that fits better for me awesome and it's more comfortable because I've had an issue in the past where like when I start to do sports or activities or something my leg can't really flex and oh right yeah all that carbon's just like being tight on the muscles but with the the new direct socket like it's the seal of it gives my my muscle space to flex I wouldn't even think of that that's actually really kind of that's really cool yeah it's super sweet yeah that's awesome for sure how is it for um like if someone isn't super athletic because I know people who watch are kind of across the spectrum for just general walking how do you like it general walking I really love it um because of the the type of fit it is it's so issual so it doesn't go all the way up to like your butt cheek which is like another thing I don't like seems like it'd be really uncomfortable it's very uncomfortable you're like walking like dude come on yeah like yeah like dang yeah like who's touching me but um it ends up working really well because it's more comfortable you don't get like any rubbing and it's not like your butt cheek the whole day and for walking it's just yeah it's just more comfortable one thing it does take though is because it's not as high up yeah you do have to have a little bit more of strength in your leg that's good to know yeah because you want to have that stability and that's what that the higher socket that has gives you that stability yeah so with a cut a little lower you definitely have to work a little harder to walk okay but it's totally worth it and the muscles are there for a reason so when I use them yeah seriously yeah that makes sense yeah yeah are there any other um I don't want to say downsides but precautions are things to to keep in mind if someone was a aka considering a direct socket yeah I would just say you know look what's out there and see what's gonna work best for you I don't want to persuade you one way or the other but for me I found that it really works well I really love it um but but definitely check into all your options like there's so many different systems out there but I personally love the direct fit and it's I mean it's sweet yeah it's cool it's done in like 45 minutes yeah which is awesome yeah it's super sweet I hope you guys are all doing well keep walking keep killing it and uh follow me on Instagram Elliot underscore Cindy and uh be sure to watch some snowboarding yes absolutely so I'm a creative technology prosthetics in Denver we have three Denver locations I have been doing prosthetics for about 20 years so why do you do what you do Zach uh I do it uh for awesome patients like you that are able to take stuff that I build and do awesome things with I'm so glad that Zach and Noah agreed to chat with me today now to head back to the springs and rush hour traffic I really hope this video answered some of your questions about direct sockets let me know if it did let me know if you guys have any additional questions down below thank you so much to creative solutions for allowing me to come film there and chat with Zach today you guys all rock and I really appreciate you being a part of this I love you guys I'm thinking of you and I'll see you in the next video bye guys


In this presentation, I'm going to answer Internet's burning questions about product management. I'm going to start with a simple search, and here we are, we've talked in most frequently asked questions about product management. My name is Arvind, and I've been at the intersection of business, technology, and design for the last 15 years. I have managed SaaS applications, services, and multi-million dollar global programs for several Fortune 100 companies. Currently, I'm leading the Global Product Strategy for Microsoft Teams. Embeddable experiences across Microsoft first-party apps. Feel free to reach out to me on LinkedIn at LinkedIn.com slash Arvind Dutta. Let's dive right in. Is product management a good career? Yes, it is. As I think of career choices, there are three dimensions to it. Product management pays well, and here in the North America, starting salary for product managers can be in the six-figure range. You can look at several benchmarking studies on Glassdoor or LinkedIn, and product management salaries will be pretty high up there, I think in most countries. Secondly, as I think of what's a good career, I think of whether it has the potential to grow and evolve. And product management is at that inflection point where the entire digital curve is just going to take off. In the last two years, we have seen pretty much every aspect of our personal life and work has gone remote and we are going to be in this hybrid slash remote work, which needs technology to support that to make happen. And we need product managers to essentially manage these technologies. And finally, product management is also reporting. There are leadership opportunities, not just to lead your product roadmap, but also essentially lead to influence your partner teams, your dev team, your design team. You have to be essentially a leader who's providing clarity and direction. So it is pretty rewarding in that sense, where you get to not only work with the different people where you are constantly learning, but you're also seeing the impact of the work that you're doing. Is product management stressful? Like any other job, there are highs and lows in product management. And the way I think about stress is as long as you're able to manage it, then you should be fine. There are essentially few things I want to highlight here. Firstly, as a product manager, if you can anticipate what's coming next and you can plan ahead, then that will give you much more control of the situation. And this is something that you also have to manage through prioritization. At any given time, a product manager is managing a bunch of items that you're juggling between the various teams. And various tasks that you have to accomplish. And what is super important is to make sure you work on what's most important right now. And likewise, you have to provide clarity to the extended teams, your management, and to your direct teams in terms of what we are doing now, what is important, and what is also not important that we are going to wait until we finish our current milestones. Which is also related to managing expectations across your broad team. And most importantly, building trust. Because as a product manager, there are several things that you have to accomplish and then you can't do everything by yourself. So you will have to rely on others. For example, in my role, as a product manager for Microsoft Teams for embeddable experiences, I have to work with other teams where I have to engage with other product managers, other dev teams. And the only way this can happen is if we have mutual understanding of what is the common goal and how we are going to accomplish it. And it's all set on the foundation of trust. Is product management a good career, Reddit? So I did look up some articles in Reddit and I highly recommend that you also check out the thread called product management in Reddit. And you will see some very candid perspectives from various product managers. I will say that a lot of times these tend to be somebody's personal experiences. So they may not generally represent the overall product management field, but it does give you a point of view on what other product managers are facing. Is product management right for me? Yes, it is. If you are a curious person, as a product manager, one of the most important skills you need to have is curiosity. You have to be curious about your customers, their pain points, what are their challenges. You also have to be curious about the technology, your product and how your team is working, what are their pain points. So that is, I think, one of the most critical things here. And if you are that person, then yes, product management is a great fit for you. The second thing that I want to bring up here is product management is a field where you have to constantly manage a broad set of things. So if you're someone who enjoys that breadth of experience, rather than really going deep into something, then again, it's a great place for you. Most product managers are trying to manage multiple things. And in many cases, you may not be an expert of everything that's not possible. You will have to rely on others to get the job done and partner with them. But you do have to have some basic understanding of how it works. So you have to have the mindset of willing to learn and basically jump on new things as they come up. And finally, product management is also a job where you will not have direct authority, but rather you will have to work with people constantly where you're influencing them to achieve that common goal. So if you're somebody who enjoys working with people, if you're social, then that is super important. This is definitely a role where you have to work with people. You pretty much can't work by yourself in this role. So if you're curious, if you like working on broad set of things and you like working with people, I think those are the most important things as a product manager and it's a great fit for you. Is product management hard? So again, the way I think about this is as a product manager, there are certain skills you need to have. And then again, you don't need to be an expert in all of these things, but you can work towards it, but you do need some hard skills and some soft skills. And a few things I want to call out here from hard-skinned perspective, you will have to work with customers and work pretty deeply with the data that you have in hand. And sometimes you may not have enough data as well. So in those cases as a product manager, you will have to take decisions given whatever timelines and whatever data is at hand. So that's an important skill. Something you want to get started on, I would highly recommend taking up some introductory courses on data analysis and customer research both qualitative and qualitative side of things. As a product manager, you also have to manage a project. So you are managing pretty much your products roadmap, you're working with your stakeholders.  So it does require you to have control on basically your timelines. So that's again, an important skill. The third thing here I would want to call out is business sense. Because at the end of the day, you have to work on products that your business cares about. They can data certain cool technologies that you may want to build. But ultimately, if it is not aligned with your objective key results of your business, then you will find that you're not getting enough support, enough funding from your leaders. You also need to be curious enough to understand the technology. And ultimately, communication is super important, whether it's spec writing or giving presentations to your leaders or your team. You have to have the ability to communicate in both written form and speech form to make sure everyone has clarity in the team. Also, when I think of soft skills as a product manager, the willingness to learn in Microsoft, it's also called a growth mindset where you're constantly having an open mind to learn new things or have the beginner's mind. But when you start at a new thing, you have a lot of curiosity.  That is very important soft skill that is required as a product manager. You also have to stay organized. Because at any given day, I have to take hundreds and thousands of decisions. And this can only happen if you're really organized.  And finally, social skills. I cannot influence enough how important this is. At the end of the day, people you work with, they will not report to you. So the only way you can achieve your common goal is by influencing them, by making sure you all are on the same page. There's clarity, there's a common goal. And working with people ultimately is very, very important as a product manager. Is product management stressful Reddit? So again, Reddit is a great place to get some candid perspectives. But I will say, when you search in Reddit product management, stressful as keywords, you will see a bunch of articles. Several I found about some useful tools to help you prioritize your day-to-day things as a product manager, which I found really interesting. So do check them out. Is product management certification worth it? Yes. If you are someone who has no experience in product management, but you could be a student that was just graduated and wanting to get into product management field, or maybe you are someone who is a dev and who wants to transition within the company as a PM. Or you could be somebody who's in marketing and now wants to be a PM. So if you are in any of those situations where you don't have prior product management experience, I think having a certification course really accelerates your learning, which would take several months and maybe years to basically gain in the real life. So it does give you learning and also credibility to get into PM role. I have also seen product managers come from other backgrounds like MBA, if you go to business school, it's also an entry point to become a product manager. And within the company also, you can start taking up some projects, whether it's in the research field or whether you're working with the customers or the dev teams. That is also a path where within the company you can incrementally pave your path into product management. But ultimately do check out product schools. They have a bunch of interesting courses and a lot of content about product management. So if you're somebody who's in that position where you don't have that experience or who's wanting to accelerate a career, that's a great place to start. Is product management a good career in India? Absolutely it is. India is a growing economy. In fact, the growth is exponential and as we have seen in the last several years, the digital revolution is happening right now in India. And this revolution requires new technologies and new products that need product managers. So yes, it's a great career choice. The other thing I also want to call out is government is very supportive of startups. There are several ways to get funding, resources, whether it's learning, training or infrastructure. I know that there are a lot of opportunities available in India to help startups. And finally, Big Tech, think of any big company whether it's Microsoft, Facebook or Google, they are investing in India. So whether you want to start off in a startup environment or whether you want to join Big Tech, product management is a great career choice. And I think this is not just relevant for India alone. In any emerging country or whether you are in any part of the world, product management is a role which I think is going to be more and more important. Is product management part of marketing? It could be in my previous job before Microsoft, I was in a company where the product management role was within the marketing organization and in Microsoft product management role is in engineering organization. You will see titles like PM or PMM, a PM product manager in some places is in Microsoft, for instance, it's program manager, there are product owner titles and likewise on the marketing side, there is PMM which is product marketing manager or marketing manager. So essentially the difference is if you are a PM then you own the product. And whether you are in the marketing or in the engineering or ultimately what is really important in the PM role is being customer centric. Having the customer obsession, curiosity about what are the customer's pain points and how are you trying to solve it through your solution? So that's the most important mindset. On the PMM side, product marketing manager side, it is more about now you have a product in the shelf, how do I package it up? How do I make sure my sellers are able to sell it? So it's all positioning, packaging in many companies, PMMs are also involved in pricing strategies or channel development. So think of it as like PM is somebody who's building the product and PMM is somebody who's taking a build product packaging it up and then making sure that go-to-market strategy is there so that ultimately we are able to sell the product and reach the right customer. This product management the same as project management. No, it's not. Again, you will see the title of a TPM or a PM. TPM technical program manager or technical project manager, you will see these titles in different companies in different ways, but essentially the difference between the PM and the TPM role is that the PM owns buy and what, which is why are we building a certain feature or the product, addressing a specific pain point that the customer has. And also what exactly are we building in terms of, what is the MVP of this feature, minimum viable product that we're building for this next release? While the TPM or the technical project manager or technical program manager holds how and when, which is, okay, now we have a spec, how do we build it and what resources are needed, what frameworks will be used and then when will we release it? So that's sort of the high level difference. Again, these are the two wheels of the same vehicle. They have to work very closely with each other. There is a lot of overlap in many companies, but that's essentially the difference. So depending on where your interest area lies, you will, you know, both these roles are very good. They also overlap a lot. So there you go. Those were the internet's top 10 most frequently asked questions about product management. You can reach out to me on LinkedIn at LinkedIn.com slash Arvindatta. You can also check out my webpage, Arvindatta.com for more information and reach out to me if you have any questions about product management. I wish you all the best in your journey of product management and do check out all the other videos of product school. Thank you.


Thanks for checking out this movie review video. So this is for the 1983 film a sleepaway camp Which this is a notorious film because of the ending. This is one that when people see it for the first time I hope the ending hasn't already been Spoiled but there's also a situation where nowadays this film becomes a little bit problematic for a bunch of people because of the way it presents the end and I you know I'm gonna talk about it because this is a spoiler review because it's from 1983 But I just kind of want to lead this off by saying I'll talk about the the the big ending that is kind well I say is kind of controversial right now But for some people it's not for other people it is and I think that for me personally if this is a film that's made now Exactly like it is it's problematic and it's an issue and I don't think anyone should make a film like this now That said I enjoy watching the film and I enjoy it for what it is And I don't think it's problematic to still have the movie around Nowadays and you need with any film really you need to think about what the social climate was at the time You need to know what was going on in the world at that point So I think that more than anything this film actually serves to kind of Remind people about how far things have really come with you know gender and stuff like that and how you know Way back then in 1983 there was a lot more ignorance. There was a lot less understanding and You know much like with a lot of things over time. There's more research put in the things. There's more information that comes out There's more Openness to the new ideas and new facts about what everything is in this in this situation Gender and how gender is you know can very much be fluid So I'll talk more about this types of stuff But I just kind of wanted to throw out my feeling about the film initially just so you know where I'm coming from with it So basically I think like to kind of recap if this exact film is made nowadays. It's a problem I don't think that should happen, but since it was done way back then where for lack of better terminology people didn't know any better You just have to keep that in mind because people make mistakes people do stupid things And then hopefully they move on and grow and learn from it So I'll just say that much, but anyway, so let's talk about sleepaway camp Written and directed by Robert Hiltzik He also directed and wrote return to sleepaway camp, which he was working on for a while And it actually didn't even end up getting done until 2008. He started working on it way before that So I don't know a ton of what was going on with that, but yeah, plenty of problems with that Eventually came out in 2008 though So there are basically like two other films in the series that I don't know if I'm to be able to get my hands on So I'm gonna review this one obviously I'm gonna do two and three because all those are on shutter the shutter streaming service when I'm doing this review now I don't know if I'm be able to get my hands on the other two But I'll talk a little bit about them. So the the return to sleepaway camp is one of them I can't find I can't find it in the easy to find places, but I'll keep looking So Felicito Rose is the big name from this one She plays Angela the main character in this obviously now She was a pretty much a nobody until much later on in her life when she Really embraced the role of Angela because of how much people started to really voice how much they really liked sleepaway camp So she really embraced the horror community as a whole and she's become very very popular Because of that because going to conventions so much because of being so enthusiastic about you know her roots like where she came from like how she got famous and People in the horror community respond very well to people who you know Accepted that about being a part of the horror community and having a horror past So yeah, this film actually had a three hundred fifty thousand dollar budget and ended up making 11 million that is a huge cash cow. That's great This was filmed in Argyle, New York at Camp Algonquin Well formerly camp Algonquin it's not anymore and I don't think it was at the time that they filmed there either And actually this was the camp that Hiltzik actually attended when he was a kid So I thought that was kind of an interesting thing So I would assume that while he was shooting things there He was having all sorts of interesting memories Just like when I watch this film I have memories because there's a lot of stuff that reminds me about when I went to camp when I was a kid Because I did I went to summer camp all the time when I was a kid So there are a lot of things that ring true in this film to true life Such as the bullying that goes on the pranks that go on The counselors who are always trying to get in each other's pants. I remember seeing a lot of that as a kid This stuff is yeah The film there's a lot of staple stuff in the films because it's true. That was the way things were It was filmed in five weeks now the interesting thing about this is that they storyboarded the film ahead of time And then after the first day of shooting they were already behind on schedule So they just scrapped all the storyboards and they just kind of went for it So it may be part of the reason that the film is not really like Super great, you know, it could have been a lot more structured and a better story Executed film had they you know not gotten behind and been able to actually follow the storyboards But I mean I still think it's wildly entertaining It is kind of one of those movies where I think it's kind of in a little bit in the realm of like so bad It's good type film, especially with the acting we can all admit the acting is not good at all Anywhere in the film really But nowadays that's what adds fun to a lot of these older films or at least for me personally The other thing is these New York accents are phenomenal. I think New York accents are kind of funny I actually think accents in general are funny I'm sure to a lot of people I have an accent but to me I don't have an accent But when I hear other accents, it's just kind of funny, especially when they're like really exaggerated type accents like that So yeah Hiltzik sold the rights to a sleepaway camp actually in the late 80s And then that's when we got this two sequels You got unhappy campers sleep away camp to unhappy campers in 1988 and then you got sleep away camp three teenage wasteland in 1989 so those were done by Michael Simpson Who supposedly actually even wrote a script for another one of the sequels that he intended to call sleepaway camp Berserk now? That didn't come to fruition. I'm assuming that means it's probably not gonna come to fruition still because this film has been kind of Repopularized for a while now, so I would assume that if if that one was ever gonna get back off the ground It would already be in the works and it's not so in the early 1990s a portion of another film sleep away camp for the Survivor was filmed and then abandoned and then in 2002 the footage that was actually filmed of it was put together In a box set that was released of sweet sleep away camps by anchor bay So that film they actually took what was actually filmed of it And then they cut pieces from the other sleep sleep like sorry sleep away camp films And basically created a full film out of it now you have to have that box set basically in order to watch that film So I have not seen that film I would like to one day although I'm assuming it's probably not so hot because when you're Repurposing scenes from other films. I just find that that sucks I just don't enjoy that and then there's a Documentary that's I don't think it's out at the moment, but it's it's close Angela the official sleep away camp documentary I believe that's being finished at the moment and the executive producer of it is Felissa Rose now I remember seeing like it was either Kickstarter and Indiegogo for this and I really thought about donating to it But I ended up not in the end but you know, I don't know if How Available it's gonna become if it'll be one of those things where it kind of only becomes available to the people who kick-started it or what but we'll see So getting in the actual events of the film and overall stuff about the film They hit you immediately with dread filled music in this film where they're kind of they're showing the camp and at the same time That they're showing the camp there and it's empty. It's totally empty when they're showing it with this dread music behind it Giving the idea that there's something terrible. There's something sinister, which obviously there is but at the same time they're then playing audio of Kids playing yelling at each other the camp counselors all that stuff. So it gives this idea It's actually a cool way to open it It gives this idea that this was recently in use people, you know We're just here doing camp things and having a good time But it's empty for some reason now and you're gonna find out. What is that reason? Why some because something terrible happened, which is signaled obviously by the music? So I do think it's a really cool way to introduce everything so they then go back to that flashback situation where it's the The gay couple John and I don't think I don't think his his partner is even named in this So John and his partner and then the two kids which one of them ends up being Angela who I think was originally called Peter yeah, Peter and The thing about that scene is there's some problems with this scene The the people who died John and the other kid the girl There's no blood so like how are we supposed to know that they really died? Like I guess we just assumed that they died later, but they don't show that there's any blood So how did they die is a question? I know they got run over by it So I would assume it's in insinuated that the blade that the motor blade did it But there's no blood the other thing is the girl who's driving the boat has Plenty of time to steer it away from them based on how they shoot it and the guy also had plenty of time to take it And steer it away from them. So it's just it's a ridiculous scene and it kind of feeds into the hole like it's so bad It's good type situation that I was talking about with this film The actress playing Ricky's mom is Unbelievably awful in this film, but that's another part of the charm of it now but it actually ends up kind of working too because It confuses the audience member at least the first time around watching it It confuses the audience member of is she just so terrible at acting or is she a whack job as a Character in the film and what you find out is she is a whack job But it's also terrible acting basically. So part of that terrible acting actually, you know Obfuscates the fact that she's a nut So it makes the end of the film actually more impactful when you find out that she was forcing Peter to live as Angela all this time It's crazy They do hammer home Angela being a girl very early in the film Which they kind of have to do in order to get the payoff They're looking for at the end of the film They hammer at home and you know, she says my little girl She got they talk girl girl girl girl girl a lot about Angela It could just hammer it into your head and you know, they had to It is insane in this film how over the top these the the cook pedophiles are because there's two of them When the kids are showing up like the conversation going on the disgusting ogling going on and When that happens in the film, you know, they're gonna die or at least you You know that one of them is gonna get it. I assume that they would both end up getting it but only the one guy does and Yeah, so The comment of calling the kids baldies too, it's just that extra little push over the line that you're just like So gross so disgusting So going to his death scene, I don't think they actually make boiling pots that large I really think that was something just made for the scene that said it is creative. It is inventive, but the actual mechanics of that not so accurate, but but it's It's funny It serves the purpose Notice that they use a grown man's hands for Angeles kills It makes no sense, but it actually serves to throw the audience off from thinking the angel I actually did it and maybe thinking more that it was like Ricky But when you're really paying attention, you don't even really think it's Ricky because the hands are so big And his hands don't look like that at all So they literally use like a grown man's hands in this and you're if you're actually paying attention You would think that it's actually not Angela and not Ricky either But I think they were supposed to be I think they were doing it to kind of make you think that it was Ricky Because even later on like the head of the camp thinks it's Ricky as well And that's why he beats the hell out of them. That's another crazy scene and that character himself is another scene so the scene with the With the pervert getting scalded by the way Unbelievably drawn out with his reaction to being scalded which you know that would be an Appropriate response that would happen in real life But within the context of the film like they just let him just yell and yell and yell too long I understand that they wanted to show you like that the practical effects look good because they did and all the practical effects in this Look pretty good.  That is one of the best exchanges. I've ever heard. I Love that retort. It's it's amazing. I'm gonna use that in real life When you watch this the first time you really run wonder what the deal with Angela is She's beyond awkward and the fact that Ricky is so overly protective of her is Another thing that kind of just like and I think how overly protective he is is another thing That's supposed to kind of feed into you thinking that Ricky's killing people Because he's like over-the-top protective and if anyone's gonna be mean to her anyone's gonna bully her then they're gonna get taken out So just saying I like how the head of the camp just stands there with this cigar Watching a bunch of kids fight it at the dance Literally just standing there observing it now He also doesn't even seem concerned when people start dying the kids and his counselors who you know kind of our kids as well Like he's not even concerned about people dying.  I think it was kind of unintended though But there's an overall theme of you can't trust the adults in this And until you know, maybe you can trust the police when they show up at the end But you know, they're not really characters or they just show up in the end So there is this just feeling of that there aren't any good Adult humans in the film and these kids are on their own to fend for themselves and no one's gonna come and save them No one's gonna protect them So it adds this additional level of danger and peril to the film that I think actually works All the camp horror staples are here Crazy hormones drugs pranks and mean kids and yes, those things are true to real life or at least back when I went to camp Which was in the 90s not in the 80s.  They do a good job with you know, keeping it fresh When Paul first kisses Angela, you see the conflict in Phyllis is acting So that was a good moment of acting on her part She's not sure if she wants to be with a guy or not at that point Now eventually she kind of makes that choice that she really does and then she goes back on that which leads to You know what happens in the end of the film, but there there are good moments that are very That that show the discomfort that show the conflict within Angela of trying to figure out You know, how should I be feeling? What should I be doing and I think that's a large portion of why she Chooses for the most part to not even interact with anyone because she's so kind of like stuck inside herself that she just she doesn't have the comfort level to even interact with someone because she doesn't even have confidence herself and With anyone really you need confidence to feel confident enough to like really interact with other people Even though Ricky is the biggest hero in the film He does participate in bullying another kid and the interesting thing to point out about this is that that kid pulls a Knife on him and tells him he's gonna kill him now I think this is kind of in there to kind of be a a little hint that People being bullied in this film can become violent to kind of give you the hint that it actually is Angela Doing the killing In a roundabout way, but it is also very interesting that like Ricky's a hero He's he's the first one to be there to come to Angela's aid yet. He is also bullying He's going and bullying other people so he's not purely good. He's actually Terrible. He's only looking out for his well sister at that point Even though he I think he still just refers to her as cousin, but I mean they live there. So basically like sister If you notice Judy says Angela is queer at one point Which is actually another one of those kind of subtle hints that's thrown in there that you know These are the subtle hints you you definitely don't pick up on the first time around But you you should or well, I don't say should you could on the second time around The stabbing through the shower curtain that kill is actually a really disappointing terrible kill Until one little detail happens and that's the moving downward of the knife Because you know what's going on without it actually being shown and it's very effective because you're just like oh Man, it's just going all the way down the back And then you see the aftermath of that later and it looks good because practical effects were pretty good for this But it's a good moment of where you feel like you you can't Show it because it would be too expensive or too hard to to pull off, but you can effectively Hint at it and that is a good moment where they are able to do that It becomes funny how often people in this were about to get killed say things like oh, it's you or not you You know or even the head of the camp which was my favorite where he's like you it can't be you and it's just like You just have this feeling that like when it hits the the umpteenth time that someone's doing this You're like just say the name say the name someone would say the name by this point But it just adds to the funniness How much they focus on Angela's face at the end of this film is also something that's funny That's one of the things in this film They have a lot of moments where they focus on something for way too long so then it starts making it comical in a sense Obviously Felicia's face Did I get it right? Probably not but anyway, obviously her face has become a very iconic portion of the film That you know you can you can take a snippet of that and not spoil the film for anyone But it would indicate to people who have seen it Ah, yes the scene and that is like the big scene that everyone talks about so Yeah, although when they have the further back shot you can tell it's a mask on the guy the naked guy's body So and on Joe Bob Joe Bob breaks it done it for the last drive in and when he talked about it He had said that they had actually just like found some random guy some random like teen some 18 year old or 20-something year old and Paid him and gave him booze to just put on the mask and do it for a day And he's not credited like no one knows who this person is Nowadays and I'm assuming that person would not come forward and be like hey, I was the person I would honestly if it was me, but I don't know teacher So Some overall thoughts at the end and I said I was gonna get to kind of breaking down some of the problematic aspects of the film nowadays But first ultimately, I think the movie is really about bullying and how you never know who's messing with Who and you never know if who you're messing with is going to do something back what they're capable of I mean at the core. That's the fear that this film plays on is that if you push so hard on someone Will they retaliate and in this one of the people the person that Ricky is is pushing Does try to retaliate, but he isn't successful and he doesn't have the drive to take it further But then Angela is successful and there's a lot of things that they indicate in the film that kind of roll into that They kind of make it seem like she's mentally unstable, which becomes problematic Like I'm like I was talking about because it makes this kind of proc by proxy Assumption that if someone is unsure of what their gender should be or they're trying to figure out what their gender should be Then they have a tendency they they could snap and become violent and kill people and that's a problem because that's a bad Thing to throw out there, but like I said, you know when this film was made people didn't have a whole lot of information on stuff like this So what's problematic about this film is how Angela becomes a killer because of her gender confusion now I say gender confusion because it really is gender confusion for Angela in this because of the fact that she is being forced To live as a girl even though she's a boy and we know that because we see the scene Where the aunt is saying is telling her we already have a boy here. So you're a girl basically So it's it's not a choice that Angela is making so things would be different with this film if it wasn't a choice. So Yeah, but Let me read my other portion of that But one thing to keep in mind is that it was forced on her by her aunt So it's not really a statement on people who naturally question their gender and that's one of the biggest thing It's not people naturally question their gender. This is showing it's being forced on that individual now There is that problematic aspect of you know, the flashback of the gay couple and I'll talk about that in a second There is commentary on how having gay parents could cause gender confusion, which does not hold up nowadays This film serves as a reminder of how far society has come with understanding of personal sexuality and gender and that kind of goes back to what I was saying in the beginning of You know, if you make this exact film nowadays, I don't think that's at all a good idea Especially because we have a lot more information and that would be very very ill-informed And it would almost be like making the film to be antagonistic towards people who are gender fluid or you know Are individuals and that's kind of how I look at it is that what the reason I say personal sexuality and gender is because all those things are very personal to people That's kind of my my view on it because there's so many different iterations of how people view sexuality personal or otherwise And ways that you know people view their own gender too because those things are different so and in the end what is gender anyway gender gender is a I mean their stereotypes really it's we believe that men typically will act this way We believe that women will typically ask act this way and to be honest I fight against gender norms all the time personally just because I'm a more sensitive Male and I always have been you know I was born into a family of two sisters and my mother was mainly the one around my dad worked a lot so You know, I I was raised to be a very a much more sensitive person And I don't think that's a problem I think that's a good thing because we need more sensitive people in this world to be more empathetic So I've had a lot of struggles in my life with gender on a personal level because of you know People saying things to me like man up or you know You should act like this because you're a man or feel like this because you're a man or like this because you're a man And I don't conform to that the other thing is that just that underlying feeling of You'll be shamed if you say that you like this or you say that you Feel a certain way or you show emotion. That's another thing is that You know a lot of the times guys are frowned upon when they show raw emotion Especially things like crying or being upset about stuff. So, you know That's something that this film just kind of brought up to me when I was trying to look into it like that So sorry for that little diatribe, but hopefully it was you know useful for someone It was for me. It's good to kind of get that stuff off my chest But anyway regardless I enjoy watching sleepaway camp like I said in the beginning it's something I just look at as it's a time capsule things were different back then and There was more ignorance like we didn't know and that's what you need to keep in mind when you're watching films I know there are people who kind of say that you know there are certain films that shouldn't be watched anymore shouldn't be available anymore because you know Some of the things they had to say back then aren't good now. I don't feel that way I think it's still important to be able to look back and be able to see the mistakes So that we know how far we've come and we know that these mistakes were actually made Kind of sanitizing history in a way, especially with film. I don't think it's a good idea we can learn from this stuff and also you can have enjoyment in films like this as long as you're not Pushing these films and saying you should watch this film because the message of it is definitely what's important Now that's a problem if people are doing that, but I think most people are watching sleepaway camp because it's So bad it's good and that's how I feel so anyway How am I gonna rate this I'll rate this two ways like I do with these types of films on as like in the pantheon of all film being Seriously, how does this rate as a film? I'd give it two stars in that sense, but as being like a so good. It's bad type film I don't give it three and a half. It's pretty good. I thought about going for but no I think it's quite it's a three and a half now the things that get me up to a two on the actual like regular film thing The practical effects are quite good. The directing is solid very inventive with the kills actually and Yeah, it keeps you engaged. So and the music soundtrack is well done as well So anyway, thanks everyone for checking this out put any comments down here about sleepaway camp or any other stuff You want to talk about really but do me a quick favor hit that subscribe button Because it means a lot to me and a lot to my channel and it's literally like a second for you to do that But if you are gonna subscribe or you already have just make sure you hit the notification bell And that way you'll know anytime I'm putting up a review or also any time that I'm doing any live streaming But yeah, I will be doing the reviews for the next two sleepaway camps because they're on shutter So look forward to those and until next time keep it brutal


Good morning and welcome to the chart of the week video would be David man. Today's date is Wednesday the 9th of October 2019 and the time has just gone 10 15 for this summer time This week's chart of the week video is the US dollar Kennedy that are the dollar cat And take a look at the wider view. We can see at the market is a broadly speaking an upper trend and essentially while the While the market holds north of this trend line here It's likely that the wider positive view is going to continue But if you zoom in I would take a closer look at the sum of the price action We can see that the market had a very impressive push for push higher at the very beginning of 2019 At very size of a sell-off so you're lower low a lower high and another lower low But we have been pressing higher yet again and the em We have we created the a near term higher high in September with the lower low here And now we are back above this red line here at the 200 a moving average So it's possible that we could take out the recent high here over September and look to retest this region here The the highs of mid-June and that comes into play in around one spot 3432 and critical beyond that we're going to look at testing this area here highs of late May and that comes into play at one spot 3564 I'll take a closer look at the price action. We can see that There was there was has been some kind of sideways trading recently But we noticed that when the market after after after this price area here this red line Literally moving average which comes to play in that one thirty two oh eight We can see that if this metric acted at resistance in mid-September, but now it's actually acting as support so that metric is as a Has has been important in the near familiar past It makes it more likely that that it could be important in the near future, but obviously there are no guarantees So I find interesting about this chart is at the market And they should try to take the turn of the average it couldn't it moved and move to the downside And then a funny broke above it a bit of clear room above it This is a very bullish candle here and the since then it's been holding above that metric So if you get hold above that metric it likely we could retest The early September highs and then potentially under the June highs but if you do manage to drift lower on the on the On the dollar CAD we drop back below the journey will be average as possible that we could find some support from this So down around here. It's awesome solidation just north of the one thirty two mark this area here. I should we see a Break below that area it could take us back towards Early September low at this area here in around one spot thirty one thirty three And if you're to go below that we could be looking any back down towards the one thirty one thirty one area Which will be a level not seen a last seen in late July now if you are going to be trading the dollar CAD It is worth working while keep an eye out for the US Joel support today, which is out at 1500 per the summer time the US jobs market is in by and large pretty good shape And this is likely to give us an update of how things are going in terms of job job opening opportunities And also shortly after that at 15 30 British summer time. We have the US oil imagery report coming out The the Canadian dollar is often dragged around by the Influence by the movements in the underlying in oil as Canada has a relatively speaking rich and oil rich nation So any kind of short moves in the oil market is likely to have an impact on the Canadian dollar So if you trading trading this currency pair, please keep an eye out for those economic indicators One last thing before I go if you've any comments make in this video or any of the ultimate videos We've made here at CMC markets, please feel free to live with you on the reviews. Thank you very much


Thanks very much Samar and I join Samar in thanking you, it's very kind of you to come at this stage of the year. We have to make a story out of numbers and I think there are several interesting story lines to these numbers actually and I thank Masayid Khan and his colleagues, Masayid is our head of statistics and he will be able to take you through any detailed questions that you have but let me suggest a couple of things to you. First in general we're dealing with the year 2010, right? This is a report on what happened in the year 2010. In general what it shows is a very strong recovery from 2009. So I think that's the first very clear picture that emerges and it's a recovery that is greater than the recovery in or the rate of global economic growth. So you had growth rates for patents of 7.2%, worldwide trademarks growth rate 11.8%, industrial designs 13% and utility models 13%. The world economy grew by 5.1% over that time. So this is I think a first thing to note. Now if we decompose some of those into patents and the trademarks, let me say that in the patent field you had a 7.2% increase in filings worldwide in 2010 and 80% of that was driven by China and the United States. 80% was driven by China and the United States. So we see a strong rebound from the United States of America. They grew in 2010 by 7.5% and China grew again by an extraordinary amount. Actually it was 24.3%, 24% China in 2010. What we see with China I think and we've been talking about this every time we meet now for quite some time, but it is again confirmed in the picture in 2010. So let me point out a couple of things to you. First the overall growth rate of 24.3%. But secondly if you look at the decade from 2001 to 2010 you see that China averaged a growth rate of 22.6% over the decade every year. So in the year 2001 the number of patent applications filed in China was 63,000. In 2010 it was 390,000. So that's an extraordinary difference in the course of one decade. One of the other things that happened with China in 2010 is that it became the country with the largest number of resident patent applications. So if you like any country receives applications from its own residents and from foreigners. The number of resident patent applications received by each office in the world if you look, measure all of those, China had the largest number of residents. So it's one measure if you like of domestic innovation and it passed Japan to have that position actually in 2010. Let me say a word about trademarks if I may. No sorry before I leave patents I want to make one other point if I may and you'll find it on page 2 the second last paragraph what I'm about to talk about in patent system. With all of this demand that we see for patents there is obviously a challenge for the patent officers of the world to process the patent applications. So we measure the number of potentially pending patent applications in 2010 as being 5.17 million. 5.17 million patent applications that are not processed or have not been processed. There has been some slight improvement in that it was a reduction of 3.3% over the preceding year but it's still an enormous number of potentially pending applications and it's something that raises a major policy question as to how the world should deal with that to make sure that we have an effective and efficient patent system that corresponds to the needs of industry. On trademarks let me say a word if I may. What we saw is a rise of nearly 12%, 11.8% in trademarks in 2010. That's interesting because it seems to us that as a generalization trademark statistics, trademark applications bear a much more immediate correspondence to economic conditions than patents do, much more immediate in time correspondence. Patents the gap it tends to be a little bit longer but in the case of trademarks they are to some extent a leading indicator of what's happening in the economy so we see a big rebound in trademarks 11.8% growth. Worldwide 3.66 million trademark applications and again we see China feature extremely prominently because China is the largest trademark application and one extraordinary thing figure that I can give you about China and trademarks is that the number of trademark applications coming out of China in 2010 rose by a quarter of a million, 250,000. I'm just trying to find where that is mentioned. Yeah, it rose by a number that was more than the total number of annual applications of France, Germany and the United Kingdom. So it rose by 250,000. It's on the top of page three of the press release for you. So again you see enormous activity occurring on the part of China and then for industrial designs let me say that this scenario that is experience in growth it's the total number of applications worldwide was 724,000 and that's quite a significant number and designs of course are the principal means of product differentiation and we see again China accounting for 83% of the growth in industrial design applications, the overall growth being at 13%. So perhaps I will stop there. I could add a word, one word which is so that's 2010 what's happening in 2011. We don't have the statistics from the national officers yet. That's the point of this report why it comes out a little bit later. But in the international systems we have seen in 2011 for the first nine months significant growth. So the international patent applications under the patent cooperation treaty in the first nine months of 2011 are up in the vicinity of 10% and international trademark applications in the first nine months up in the vicinity of 7%, international trademark applications first nine months of 2011 up in the vicinity of 7%. So now you know what happens with the turbulence in caused by the sovereign debt crisis is another story. So you have an indication yet? Well I think the essence of the situation is that it's unpredictable you know and that's that's I think what we're living with we're not sure what is happening. Well we collect them from every office in the world and some are more efficient at sending them in than others. And there's a lot of analysis in this too. Well I think you've got yes you've got several factors I'd say behind it and Masai please you know correct me where I'm wrong several factors. One is that you have in the advanced economies a rate of increase in the investment in intangibles which is greater than the rate of increase in the investment in intangibles that's the knowledge economy okay but more investment in intangibles in intangible assets and when you have more investment in intangibles of course there is more interest in protection of those intangibles namely intellectual property. So this is one phenomenon that's that's at play in the longer term and we see that in for example the latest estimate of research and development for 2012 gives an estimate which is positive over the growth of about five percent for example. What is the what? Why is that happening? Well the knowledge component in in production is increasing. Look at the way we live now compared to the way we lived in 1900 we were getting around on horses and you know we're not flying in aeroplanes we didn't have computers you wouldn't have been seeing they're doing that you know there there's there is there are some you know we are so technologically based that there is a huge investment of all the time and shows in the statistics in the intangible economy so that's one factor. The second factor I think is is a recognition in national economic policies and strategies that that this sector of the economy intangibles or research and development innovation is responsible for economic growth. The major component of economic growth it is responsible for competitivity you know your competitive advantage and it's responsible for the generation of employment also so therefore there is there is I think an additional reason to to why people seek to protect intellectual property the fruits of that and then you do have the phenomenon of China which has moved to become the second largest investor in absolute terms in research and development in the world it has overtaken Japan in that position and it continues to invest you know increase its investment in research and development and we see that reflected in the figures that I gave you of a decade of growth of 22.6% in patent applications so I think there are a lot of factors at play. I just want to be clear on the figures here again we are talking about applications filed through the national offices this is exclusive of applications filed through the PCT and the Madrid system well you know actually what happens in for some of the applications for example PCT applications is they are first filed in the national office let's say the U.S. then they come they file an international application and then after a period that international application passes into national applications elsewhere but we only count them once. Secondly in regards to the growth of China do you have any indication whether this explosion activity is being driven by Chinese companies are we talking about foreign investors who are seeking to protect their intellectual property in China? I think it's both in the case of China China I just have a note here in the case of China in Korea most of it is driven by resident applications it's the domestic applicant and driving the growth in case of China but in the case of U.S. a PTO in the U.S. is driven by both resident and non-resident applicants okay but domestic applicants could include joint ventures or Chinese joint ventures you could include that yes sure when you say patents filed are these patents are these just pure applications and then they can be turned down or they yeah we're talking about applications yeah but we do give figures on patents granted also and what we notice is that there's a record number of patents granted also in 2010 so you know typically a certain percentage will not get granted of applications okay I think that first of all what we see in Africa is an increasing use of brands okay it's a it's a primary use of the system of intellectual property and also a growing use of modern industrial designs as far as briefings are concerned it's always a field to work in a field to work in so our first accent in this report is what is happening in the world of technology and it's for this reason that we see figures rather the figures concerning the U.S. the Japan the China etc and it's just the technological capacity of African countries and in relation to the statistics the figures concerning the the demand for invention but as I said we see movement in the use of brands so great of the traditional cultural expressions of folklore, including the international legal framework for the intellectual property. That's the first thing. And this year, that is to say 2012, it's an extremely important year because the assemblies of our annual meeting of the member states in September must make a decision to convene or not a diplomatic conference for a treaty in this domain. A treaty? The traditional framework, folklore and intellectual property in relation to genetic resources. The second thing, we have a lot of activity for the reinforcement of the capacity for the protection of folklore and the traditional framework in this regard, the countries of Africa, say, Anglophone, if I may, in Rippon, we conclude a protocol to the agreement which is called the protocol of Soi Kop Mund in Namibia for the protection of the traditional framework in the country. And there is such an instrument under negotiation for the countries of the Francophone, that is the countries of the OAPI. John? Yes, coming back to trade marks and patents. With reference to trade marks, how many of these defensive trade marks have people just registering to prevent life registration? And if you have statistics in the three categories on dispute settlement or cases before the courts? We don't know, is the answer to both. So defensive, I mean, it's difficult to say, but as a guess, I would not see the nearly one million applications in China as being defensive, you know? And that great growth that you see in China, I don't see it as a growth in defensive. I think it's in first access to the system. Brand development. Yeah, brand development, exactly. And I think there is an increasing consciousness that an important dimension of innovation is organizational and marketing. And therefore, brands, you know, are prized more and more. And I think that's what we're seeing in the statistics rather than defensive protection. And on the litigation, we don't have the unfortunate statistics. Any indications from the court system where it's going, I mean, in cases now? In the patent area, and I would say, and trade marks, yeah. That's what I would have thought mainly in the patent area and in the ICT and telecommunications area in particular. It's very difficult to give a general answer to that. I mean, it's each country that makes its own policy. It makes its own decisions. I can tell you that at the international level, our fees have not changed for, since I think about 1990, well, a long time. Anyway, no, yeah, 1990, late 1990s. But nationally, fees do increase. But we've... But it varies across the offices. It varies, yes. What we're seeing in Japan is very interesting. We're seeing a changing pattern of use of the patent system. So in general, we see domestic applications going down and international applications going up from Japan. Yeah, that is correct. So that's an interesting concentration of resources. You know, it's saying what is important here is getting international protection for our enterprises. Protection in... Yeah, that's more important, getting international protection for our good inventions than getting multiple local applications for more inventions. Broadly speaking. In Japan, the data we have for 2011 for international system, the growth in application from Japan is 22.8%. That's a considerable increase. What are the national... 22.8%. And that's in... Domestic was... There was a decrease of one point... I just have to check. I think it was 1.1% domestic in Japan. And that's very interesting because, as you know, it's been a tragic year for Japan. But we see international patent applications increasing by over 20%. So it's a very... No, I mean, well, yes and no. The change is a change in behaviour of patenting from more emphasis on international for protection. Now, why it's part of this strategy of Japanese enterprises to emphasise the international protection, I think. Please. And then, Richard. Hi, I'm Yoshi Fujita. I'm Japanese, but I'd like to know... 2012 or 2012 in the next term. For example, is there a company to introduce? Well, you know, it's a very difficult question because you see the increase in investment in research and development in China is very strong. And you would say that a consequence of that is going to be a continued increase in patent applications. And it's not just in research and development. There's its increase in investment in education. And increasingly also, the capacity has improved as a consequence of past investment. So I think one might expect a continuation of the trend, but you would not expect that that trend would continue at the same high rates of growth, certainly not forever. Well, I mean, you're right. I mean, in the sense that it's difficult to predict what's going to happen, but the trend has been strong growth in China. But whether that's sustainable in the long run, we just don't know for that one. But apart from our investment, research and development investment, but also the GDP grew quite strongly in China. So all those factors come to play. Richard. The absolute figures that you give in your press release and in the report, are they always for the patent offices in the different countries, or do they accumulate also the international applications? Well, they're just two different... Therefore, the national, each national office. And then we have a separate set of statistics, if you like, about the international systems. Now, we only count once in the... We only count... We don't double count the international. So why do we do the statistics separately for the international? Well, for several reasons, besides our own business interests of, you know, seeing how the systems are performing and how attractive they are. But what... A rough assumption would be that what goes through the international system is the more valuable investment or brand. It's a rough assumption that if you are going to seek protection beyond your own market, then you must have a belief at any rate that it is a valuable invention. So you would say roughly that what's coming through the international patent system is other strongest inventions. And of course, you're not going to know that until afterwards, but that's the rough assumption. And therefore, it's interesting to know, you know, who is... where those are coming from and in what fields of technology they are and also where they are targeting. So US enterprises are patenting in what other countries that tells you something, you know, or Japanese enterprises are patenting in what other countries. Chinese enterprises are patenting in what other countries. These tell us something about patterns of trade and technological investment. And if I make a patent, an international one, do I say for which countries it is valid? Ultimately you do. You don't at the time of the application, but you do when you have to... There is a time limit for entering the national phase or the national procedure. So you have to at that stage. I'm curious if the international applications are in or not. They're included, yeah. But the total number of patent applications worldwide is 1.98 million. The total number of international patent applications is about 170,000. For one year? For one year. 170,000 last year? Yeah. 2011 we expect. 2011 we expect. Last year it was 164 roughly. I can give you that figure later on. 164,000, yes. We're expecting this year about 172. Can you say something about the tendency? Is the tendency growing that people want international applications? Yes. So the tendency is that growth in... You might say that growth in patent applications worldwide is being driven by first the knowledge economy, the increased investment in knowledge, and secondly by globalization. That is seeking protection in a broader set of geographical markets. Thank you. You spoke a lot on the national breakdown of patents and the quantitative trends. Would you have any comment on the tables page 65 through 67, for instance, or the kind of tables page 157, 170, and on my favorite, which is page 78, and this concrete application of 79. Do you want to go ahead? Go ahead. What I would say about 65 is, I think we've discussed, it's a very good graphic representation of changing the changing geography of technology production. 65 yet, but not 67 where we have the prize. 67. That's the Piero's government channel. That's state-sponsored. Yeah, yeah, but... So, yeah, but you've got in there ROK, Singapore, Japan... I am willing to stay for a full weekend with you. Francis, that excludes the defence R&D, right? This one basically gives the biggest... I mean, if you look at the top of... Well, it includes all defence except where it's classified, I think is the answer to that. Well, what's classified? The fact that they're doing research or what they're doing? Yeah, it's not. It does not get into the... On the relative, 79, Masaid, it's your index. Okay, I mean, this one basically, it breaks down the patent by... We go into a bit more details to see what is happening at the different technical fields. So, we break the data by technical field and then we compare the countries shared with relative to other countries to the total patent as well. And that gives you an indication of... This is one of the most inspiring pages. Yeah, it's very interesting. A lot of the stuff we know are expected. For example, if you look at the pharmaceutical, you have India, Belgium, and Switzerland on the top, you know, have a strong activity in that area. Which page is the pharmaceutical? Page 79. Same thing with the ICT, Finland, Nordic countries, Finland, Sweden, they have a strong innovative activity in the ICT field. And that, you know, visually is present in that information. And you don't have a... Here, the business sector... You don't have a list of pharmaceuticals, like 1665? No, we don't have the list for that one. The business sector is the top applicant for the international applications. So, we have the list of that. But we don't classify that, you know, what they belong to, but in theory, we should be able to get some data on that one. But we don't present that. Because the numbers are quite... I mean, if you look at the numbers of applicants, I mean, for example, the first one is Panasonic, and we are looking at 2,000 applications, so if you could further go down. Page 77. Page 77 has some... If they want names, countries, ring them up. But if you look through the list, you'll get a few. You'll get a few in the list. You know, what's interesting in that list too, if you turn over to page 66, is the university applicants. Do we have country, PCT? I think I've said to you before, but if you take page 66, and you take the University of California, 304, and you treated it as a country, it would come about 19th in the list of countries filing international patent applications. About 19th. That is, it files more international patent applications than about 120 countries. And that's a university. So this, the movement in universities is a very interesting thing. You see them coming into this field increasingly. Yeah, but they're coming. You wait and see. Are we... Are we good? Go ahead. It has been already discussed, during this press conference, the relation between creativity and patents has changed over history. The meaning of patent and symbol of industrial progress and evolution in the 1850s, probably not the same as etc. So when China comes in, does it also induce a revolution, not only in numbers, but in attitudes, in presiding the violence between defensive, offensive, the purely legal expertise, the technical experience, etc. Could you comment on the qualitative impact of the... We can't really. We can speculate, but we can't comment with proper analysis because you need to do a very rigorous study of it. You hear lots of different anecdotes about Chinese patenting, but, you know, with these numbers, the quality is not so good and so on, but there's no measure of that. This is not, I would not place any reliance whatsoever on those anecdotes. If they're investing, you know, roughly 200 billion dollars in research and development every year, I would not be game to say that this is producing low quality patents, you know. So I think we don't know the answer to that really, but it's a very interesting question to watch. The big dispute between the US and the Japanese that the Americans were claiming the Japanese were stalling on the registration of the applications and were doing it domestically by stalling registration, are we seeing something like that in China that the process is slow and then you see that the domestic there's no evidence of that. There's no evidence of that, but the fact, I would say the point is this, and obviously we're speaking in our own interest here as the multilateral organization, but the more investment you get in research and development and in intangibles generally and in the knowledge economy more generally, the more valuable your title of protection of intellectual property becomes for competitive positioning both on the individual, the industrial and the country level. And as that happens the more important it is to have an impartial arbiter and therefore the more important become the international procedures for obtaining protection and the fairness and transparency of those procedures. Mr. President. I did go back again. It seems that these huge growth figures we're seeing here, one could argue is an endorsement of China's intellectual property system. One could argue also enforcement as well. And we have countries like US with USTR issuing annual reports condemning China's protection of intellectual property rights talking about still massive piracy and counterfeiting. So I was wondering when you would see this as an endorsement of great improvements in China's system, these new figures or what? I think that what the figures show is the endorsement of China of intellectual property as an instrument of economic policy. They clearly are investing in it, and they're clearly using it. Now, if you want to say that there is some part of their system is not functioning as well as, you know, someone would like it to, for example, the enforcement part that's a different question. But here what we are seeing is an extraordinary investment in the use of the system. So they clearly consider the system to be an important instrument of economic policy, I would say. That's for the Chinese. That's the Chinese. And the more that they are investing in the system and the more applications that they're farming then I think you would say the more they will support the system. And they clearly see advantages in it. Steve faced two big challenges ahead. One is to write a book on the anecdotes on intellectual property you would never believe, but that will be probably after your retirement. And until then you probably have as a main task to make sure that the patent system and intellectual property remains at the service of technological and scientific problems. Do you see any issue currently which worries you in that sense and which you hope to correct in the coming one, two or five years? Well, I'd say the first issue is management of demand. So the 5.17 million potentially unprocessed patent applications this is a threat to the efficiency of the system. Clearly industries' interests and the interests of innovation I would suggest more generally by a patent system which is clogged up. So that's one big challenge I think. It's a mechanical challenge. I'd say the second big challenge is a policy challenge that as you get more investment in knowledge production and as knowledge becomes more important in every single form of economic production including health environmentally sensitive technologies, agricultural technologies and so on. As that happens naturally you get greater tension around social tension around the intellectual property right. I think that's a natural phenomenon because you get a collision of public policies. The health policies give access to healthcare to as many as possible essentially, crudely putting it. Innovation policies create scarcity in order to encourage investment in innovation. I don't think we should be worried about this. I think this is normal. It's an inevitable phenomenon of the knowledge economy. But we need to manage the tensions that arise, the policy tensions that arise. Then I think the third thing is that we have an international system a reasonably well developed legislative system internationally. But there is no development for internationally of the quote enforcement system if you like. And we're not alone in that regard just about every the international community is not wooded enforcement because for the obvious reason others snooping around what they're doing. So this is a challenge how can you hold together an international system in a closely integrated global economy dealing only with the creation of rights and not with their arbitration as it were with their but that's a terribly difficult policy question obviously on which the international community is not doing terribly well at the moment in all fields. We have one last question. I'd just like to come back to Dan's question Francis about Chinese alleged piracy etc. What what is your view on it what is the extent of it and how can that be tackled under the system as it exists? Well, first I think we have a measurement problem we don't have precise statistics on this so that's the first thing that we need to notice I think the second thing is that well it's a vast country and it's a country with differential levels of development and the eastern seaboard is obviously at a different stage of development from some of the other provinces and internal provinces and the western provinces of the country and whenever you have uneven development you have an even application of policies. This is inevitability so I think that what we can say at this stage is the Chinese take up of intellectual property is extraordinary you know and the prime minister of China has said Mr. Wen Jiabao intellectual property will be the basis of competition in the future so they have clearly a strategic view of this and what I think we will see is an increasing embracing of the whole of intellectual property and that will have positive consequences on their enforcement. Thank you so much Merry Christmas to everyone


Today you're working in the emergency department. Your next patient is a 40-year-old female with shortness of breath. At triage, she has the following vital signs. Tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, and hypoxia. You immediately put her into a resuscitation bed with cardiac monitor. You also put her on high-flow oxygen by mask. On examination, your patient is unable to lie down. She sits upright in a tripod position. When you examine her, she has various signs of respiratory distress, including tracheotugging, supiclavicular and intercostal in-drawing, and abdominal breathing. She also has one-word dyspnea. When you listen to her lungs, her breath sounds are decreased globally with no wheezes. Her husband who is with her tells you that she is a known asthmatic and she has been intubated in the past for asthma. She has been battling it cold for the past three days and noticed she has been more short of breath. She has also run out her regular puffers. She has no recent travel or fever. You decided that this patient is having a severe asthma exacerbation. You asked the nurse to put in an IV. You also start the patient on subbutamol and iprotropium nebulizers continuously. You gave one dose of hydrocortisone 125 mg. You also asked the nurse to put in a one-liter normal saline bolus after the IV is established. After 15 minutes of continuous nebulizer, the patient states she is feeling better. She is able to say three or four words. Her respiration rate has gone down. Auction saturation is better. She has minimal tracheotugging and in-drawing. When you listen to her chest, she now has better air injury. And now you hear wheezes throughout her chest. You continue with giving the patient more subbutamol nebulizers and watch her to make sure that she is feeling better. You decided to reassess her in about two or three hours time.


Hi, I'm Greg Jackson, Vice President at EDUCAUSE for, among other things, our Washington DC office and our work on IT policy. I'd like to tell you a little bit about the areas we cover, and then tell you a little bit more about two issues we worked on this year. For the most part, the issues we work on cluster into the six overlapping agglomerations you see here. Some issues involve public policy, meaning the feds are state, and some issues are pretty much within a campus purview. Now, let me talk about a couple of specific issues. Recently, the entertainment industry, perhaps emboldened by its success imposing requirements on higher education, sought to make networks much more responsible for what they like to call piracy. The movie and music industries pushed for two laws nicknamed SOPA and PIPPA. We in EDUCAUSE had long argued, on behalf of higher education, that copyright infringement is an issue between consumers and producers of copyrighted material. We found SOPA and PIPPA wild excessive and quite antithetical to our position. We began meeting with congressional staff to argue the bills should be changed or defeated. This time, we found ourselves with important allies. SOPA and PIPPA didn't only threaten higher education, they also threatened sharing sites such as YouTube and cornerstones of online information such as Wikipedia. The social media industry woke up. Protection to SOPA and PIPPA spread, and we became part of a broad campaign that eventually induced the sponsors of the legislation to withdraw it for reconsideration. The battle ain't over yet, but this was by any measure a great success in which we played early, consistent and productive roles. The SOPA-PIPPA issue is probably one you'd heard of, especially if you tried to use Wikipedia on January 18th, 2012. The other issue I'll talk about today is less visible. States generally specify what standards colleges and universities must meet to operate. In many cases, these requirements are benign, especially for accredited institutions and have not been controversial. Until, that is, three things happened. First, we in higher education learned how to conduct classes over the Internet. Second, lots of homes got broadband Internet and so could readily take online classes. Third, resources from traditional sources began to dry up. Colleges and universities went online to attract new students and new tuition bucks. That often meant enrolling students at a distance in other states over the Internet. States had long experience authorizing institutions within their own borders, but few, if any institutions or states, had thought about how intra-state authorization might affect interstate online distance education. Then the feds jumped in, apparently assuming that state authorization across borders wasn't a problem. The Department of Education attempted to link federal financial aid to cross-border state authorization. Confusion and furor ensued. A court eventually put the federal attempt aside, and the Department of Education has tabled its effort for now. The issue remains, though, how to find the right balance between reasonable requirements and unreasonable burdens. Now, you might ask, why is this an IT issue for EDUCAUSE? The answer is simple. EDUCAUSE believes e-learning at a distance is important to higher education. If distance learning were suddenly to be constrained by a wave of protectionism, e-learning progress might be stymied. As a result, we work behind the scenes with several other organizations to push back against federal regulation in this area. In the event, the court's decision induced the Department of Education to hold off any action, so there's room for the community to work on reasonable solutions. So, those are the kinds of things we work on in EDUCAUSE policy. It's hard to predict what next year will bring, but we're guessing that there will be important new policy challenges around accessibility, privacy, bring your own device, and maybe network neutrality. I hope that you will follow our work through our newsletter, Policy Digest, that you will think about joining one of our campus IT policy workshops, and that you will be in touch if there are ways we can be helpful.