It's D.K. and I'm back today with another video. Two thousand and right two hundred and fifty-first cars. Subscribe and give me a thumbs up. And do not skip those ads. It's August 24th. It's time for us to get to this bag. In this video, guess what, baby? We are going to do our first delivery. And if you look at it, we're leaving the lab. Deliver that batch order, baby. The first order cost is four hundred four dollars and forty cents. Enough money to pay the rent. The drive distance is 1.1 miles. Drive time, five minutes. We're about to get in. It's literally like right behind here, baby. It's right there, baby. The delivery commission is ten dollars and four cents. Ten dollars and four cents plus the extra minimum fourteen dollars way of holla, which is going to equal us twenty-four dollars and forty cents shorty, baby. Let's go ahead and get busy. I hope you guys are with me. Again, if you are subscribed, smash that subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads. You're about to go on here right now and get to this bag. Let's go. Oh, guys, guess what? Every time I come here, guess what? They don't have the joint open. It doesn't open till eleven o'clock. We're supposed to pick up at ten twenty-five. It's a great time to be alive and I'm going to try to reach out to them right now and call them and see what they because they never had a stuff done, baby. So we're going to get on the run. We're going to call them on the phone so we can get it on. Let's go. Yes, sir. Five, ten minutes. Okay. You want me to come in? Stay out. It's whatever you want to do. Okay. I appreciate you, boss. So the thing is we got to try to hurry up and get this done so we can get the next order because the next order we have to pick up like literally right after here. Then we're going to drop the next place, baby. Now I'm talking about how to get this money. Understand me. Understand me. Honestly, guys, if I can do batch orders, I got to do deliver that all day. I do that because it's sweet. Well, it's sweet sometimes. You know, y'all saw the last, if y'all haven't watched the last video, I deliver that order. It was terrible when I got to the place. So if y'all haven't watched that, make sure I go watch that because that was that one was. Where did it go? I just want you to know it was pretty cool. My God, getting us together. I actually like when he's here because he always get us right every time we come in and join. Whenever he hear everything is right, usually don't take that long. He can get us together because he know how he knew I'm trying to get to this chat. You know what I'm talking about? I have both of them. So one of them. Yeah. So the first one is a seven nine VA nine. This is the one I'm going to start rolling out to you now. Okay. These are the cookies for that order. Okay. So let me ask you this question. Does it have any ranch dressing or anything like that? Any salads or anything? No, because last time they put no, uh, with no tape or anything on it, bust open. The next order is going to have salads. Okay. So I'll put the dressing in there. Okay. Now I'm going to show you to the side. So yeah, yeah, this one just has the cookies and then the 30 box meal. Oh, that's it? Yeah. Okay. That's the one I'm rolling out to you right now. Okay. Thank you very much. Oh, okay. Appreciate it.  I could tell you could just I know I ain't trying to say like that, but as you can tell the difference. Yeah. It's just a difference when you come every time you come with you here. I know we're moving. You knock it out. It's getting done. Okay. We got these cookies right here. I'm going to put these cookies on this side because we got the we got the wagon. We ain't bragging, but we got the wagon on the other side. So we're going to put the cookies right here. And then he's getting other stuff and there's going to be some like 30 sandwiches or something. I don't know. But either way, go you know ego scope and Jordan flashed like Gordon. Shout out to my God. Shout out to Chris Jordan. J. George, Jackie Jordan. Guess what, guys? I haven't told you this, but guess what? Guess what we going next week? Just stay tuned, baby. I just stayed tuned. He's going out of state. Just know that my first time taking not even really if they catch. He's busy. So there's 15 crispy chickens and there's 15 real chickens. Okay. Everything is labeled either real to see or okay. See or gr, which is okay. This is everything. No, I got two more bags and then condiments. Okay. And then that would be it for the force holder. Okay. Alrighty. Two more bags and condiments. So what I'm going to do is it's literally going right behind us. Yeah, you got maybe, you know what? I'm going to try to put it in the bag ski. Put one right here. Man. Grab this. This has a condiment. So ketchup and mustard. Hopefully it ain't open. I got to make sure I might have to tell my busy partner to hold that job because I can't play no more games with that Ryan Threshing and all that man. Sheesh. That was critical. Pretty cool. I just want y'all to know it was pretty cool. Okay. So we got the two bags right here. Bam, bam. Um, we're going to put two in here right here. Bam, bam. Thank you very much, sir. Time to turn the fish away. It's the cookies right there, too. So put that right there. Can you put it right here? Okay. Bam, bam. Got that right there. Close that. And then we need the condiments. I could just probably put that put it in the trunk. I could probably put that in the trunk, baby. Last time I came here, well, it was like two days ago or yesterday. They put the ranch dressing in one of these and they like put no tapering on it and it spilled everywhere. So yeah, so we got, we got, so we usually do put them in this but then we have, you're supposed to put like this. Like plastic, yeah. So it's going to spill. And that's not going to, it's going to leave everybody unhappy. Well, I went there. It was crazy. So yeah.  And then I had, I came with this idea. So for the salads, right? Have you guys ever thought about putting the dressing in the salad? I put it at the bottom and they put the salad on top of it. What's kind of unsanitary a little bit? It's a little mess and I think that's, I think that's the reason why. All right. Because your containers are mixing. You have to reach in there. Yeah. I mean, if we had better containers to put dressings in, right? It would be better. You don't want this order to get in order. We got the wagon, baby. You already know what I'm about to say. We ain't bragging. We got that wagon. That right here. We had to get these bags. Bob, Bob, hopefully all could fit in here. Okay. One, two. Oh, let's see how the cookies covered. Let's see what we're going to do. Put some cookies right there. Then we are going to grab. Hmm. Take this off the bag. Put this right here. Come on, baby. Get in there. Don't play. Don't play. Slide in, slide in, baby. Slide in, slide in, slide in, slide in, slide in, slide in. They're going to be gentle with it. Right there. And then we'll put the condiments in this bag with this stuff. Right there. Bam. Grab this on the arm ski. Right there. Wham. And then we're going to take it like this. I'm going to have to be very careful though. Because I don't want to drop nothing. So let's get over these bumps. Once we get in the mall, we should be good.  This front wheel on this wagon kind of jank. It's the one on the left side. That joint waggling. That joint waggling, boy.  So, see what we had to do was we had to actually look it up on the internet and see exactly which interest to come into because it didn't tell us on the app. Okay. We're in the first door. Thank you. Let's go, baby. Okay. Now we have to find Ralph Lauren. Ralph Lauren got to be somewhere around. I ain't been in the mall so long, baby. So I already don't know. Zoomies. I used to stay in Zoomies. That's why I used to be getting fresh head. I used to be going that joint and getting busy. See, cuz? No, cuz. Shout out to cuz. He know. Back in the day, I used to go in Zoomies. I'm talking about it go crazy. It's been eight, nine, ten, a thousand in that joint. Hello. So we got the Ralph Lauren right over here. Make sure you don't drop him. Look back. You're gonna slide right on in to get it in. We're getting these different ends. I know we gonna win.  Go in here. They about to get us right. Hello, you work here? Maybe. I have an easy catering order drop off first. Okay. Oh, it's a decent amount. Some in here, some here. I can take it with you. It don't matter. It's okay. Yes, sir. Excuse me. Look, Elijah. Excuse me. Excuse me. Excuse me. I'm trying to drive as best as I can. If I if I if they did have one, let's do it. Yeah, where you guys want to put everything? Yeah, we're gonna will it. I got okay. We're gonna will this back as far as we can. They're gonna grab the rest. Okay, so everything is just which how you guys want me to set you want me to set it up or okay. I mean, I guess people don't really care for the career. Now long as they eat it. So some are grilled the ones with the GR owner or the grill ones and then the ones to see are crispy. Then we have the condiment. So do you want me to set it out or how to just leave it? Okay, got this got that and that is everything. I appreciate God's. I appreciate your help, sir. I'll have to take a picture really fast. The second order, baby, we going back to Red Ravens, baby. Look, Red Ravens. The order cost is three hundred seven dollars and twenty one cent enough money to pay the rent. The estimated distance is nine point three miles and the drive time is 17 minutes. We're about to get in it. Delivery commission. We're shooting. We ain't missing nine dollars and seventy cents plus a minimum of seventeen dollar temp. We're just going to equal twenty six seventy. We get money like we get we own this bread like sesame. Now we're going our way back to Red Ravens right now. It's literally around the corner. We're going to go to pick up the second order and get into order, baby. It is now 12. I mean, 10 56. We are in the mix. We supposed to be delivering it by 10 by 15. I don't know that's gonna happen. Either way, go. We don't get this green. I left the guy did say he was gonna finish getting everything situated with the second order to get an order, baby. But I hope you guys are joining this video so far. Again, smash the subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads before we go. If you guys would like to deliver that you like it will leave it like all you have to do is click the link in the description and sign up, baby. That's all you gotta do. You can do the same thing getting this green. Let's go and clap again. We're here to pick up the second order to get in order.  You already been getting me together, huh? Right on time. Okay, so this is this is the dresses, right? That's the dresses. Yeah, I back them up. Okay. Thank you very much, sir. I appreciate that. I'm gonna have my partner hold that because I don't want to spill it again on me. I come back. How you doing? I'm living a dream. I can't complain. This is first thing in the morning for you. You know, I get up at 430. No, I get up early in the morning. I'm not saying this as a first thing in the morning for the business. Yeah, like we don't open till during the four minutes. I appreciate y'all. So you can just be done with it. That's how I like to just get it over and done with it. I don't have no more children, right? I don't have to be up first thing in the morning anymore. You got anyone? I wake up at 430 morning. Yep. I try to be home by 12, but you know, some days they're working, some days they don't. Okay, so let's see. I'm gonna sit this here. Bam, bam. If you guys want you can just sit them right there. Now just get them. Yeah, I'm fine. We either, but you know, sometimes you got to. Okay. Bam, bam. All right. Thank you guys very much. You guys have a good one. Don't work too hard. Put this in here. Bam, bam. So we're going to make sure we put the condiments. I mean, the ranch dresses and all that. See, this is this cool right here. I probably can put this in here. This is a little smaller. This is a little smaller than the regular one. We're going to put this right here. Can I fit that joint in here? Yeah, baby. I came right on time. He was just bringing out the paper. So you came right on the time to get on the ground to the end of time. Put that right there. I may be able to put the drinks right here. Bam, bam. We're going to usually have to resituate everything when we give it to the place. But we're going to put this right here. And then we're going to close this trunk. We're going to put these two in the car. See, I'm glad. Look, man, this is my guy right here. Look, he got us together. He put it in the bag. So if it spills, it's going to spill in the bag. And that's it. I can rinse it off, keep on moving and grooving. But we're going to put these in this jar. Time to get it on. Put this right here. Put that right there. Now this, this is the rancid dress. So what should I put this here? Okay, hold that so we can, okay. We're ready to go. Let's go, baby. We are here and we got the, we ain't bragging. We got the wagon. We're here to drop this order off to get in order. You know what I'm talking about? Drop that joint. Drop it like it's hot. Um, which one do we want to get first? So we have to, oh, we don't, I think we can fit everything in this basket. Maybe, maybe not. Let's see. We got that bag number one. I got to lean it off. I got to lean it back like that, Joe. Watch this. Lean back, slide it out. You know what I'm talking about? Y'all see me? Y'all, you see me block? Turn right here. Push in a little bit. Got to finesse it a little bit, baby. Got it right there. Close that. We got to roll, roll, roll our boat around here. And we do have two more bags that we need to get. So this bag, give me that ranch dressing and stuff. We have the sauces, too much sauce. Got too much sauce right here. We're gonna grab this and this. So we got everything we need. And we're going to roll our boat in here. Guess what? You guys are not belated. So remember I told you guys, I, uh, did the medical care. Remember we did the medical care and comment below. If you met it, comment below and let me know. If you remember about the medical care in this is actually the building that we had to meet to do that. The first time when we had to go come talk to them and all that stuff. This is the exact building, baby. And we need to go up to 320. So we can get this money. I had to call that drink fast. This is on the hill. Hey, I know it's a little messy right now, but we don't get it together, baby. So this is that where we had to go. We had to go upstairs. So we got to go upstairs to the third floor so we could go. You know what I'm talking about? It smells good in this jar, too. Smell it. Hello. Here. I'm going to go up to number three so we can get busy. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Come on. 2,500 pounds. It can't be. I'm sure I don't wear that much. Hopefully I don't get stuck. Right? Cause you're all. It should work. We're all right. You're going to three, right? Yeah. Okay. You can go off first if you want to. Thank you. You too. Do you have any idea where 320 is? Oh, right in my face. You too. Just slide in here. Good morning. Is it still morning? Or is it afternoon?  Yes, I can set it up for you. However you guys want it. So you want me to put everything over here? Like if there's utensils or anything, we use to utilize those chairs as well. And then if you want, you can leave out of this back door. Okay. Thank you very much. Just right here. Would you like me to sit the salad so on the chairs or sit them over here? Okay. Thank you. Thank you. All right. You too. I've got different stuff. So we've got to kind of separate it. This is chicken. They have beef. So we're probably going to have to stack these joints. This is what has to be here. I don't know what that is. Yeah. This is a BF BF BF BF. So I'm putting all the BFs right here. Put the chicken there veggie. LTB LT beef. I don't know what we're doing. We got to do baby. You know my flow stick like the flu. Okay. I'm going to grab this out. And down. This is BF. It seems like there's a lot of BF on BF. I'm going to put this stuff right here. That's the ranch dressing and all that because guess what? You mean what happened last time? You know what happened to the last mosquito guards? You know what happened to the last ranch dressing? Right there. Man. This right here. I'm going to have to utilize that side too. Cuz. Definitely going to need more on the drinks over here. They can look nice. So we've got a lot of BFs. What else is that? Look at the chicken lettuce. What is this? This is impossible burger. Possible burger. We got a lot of BFs. We're going to go over here with you now guys. This is what it is. Put this stuff everywhere. Possible burger. Beef, beef, beef. You won't be if I got chills. Hamburger, I'll help you. Comment below. Let me know if you don't say that. Comment below. Don't let me know. I'm right there. Right here. Bam, bam. Right away. And then we have one more thing. You have the time to mention all that stuff. It's specific to say it burns you tensils. I don't know what to tell them. I don't know if they put them in or not. I didn't read all that. So after the fact, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, some more BFs. We got big beef. I'm trying to put the beefs all together. This beef right here. And then possible burger. I'm going to have to put it. Okay. So we're going to go with this, right? That's a beef. Okay. Put this possible burger right here by itself. I'm not going to stack extra beef right here. That's okay. All the next time, then we have to open this for the dressings. Two shots of my coffee. Put it in the bag. So we wouldn't have to deal with any mess this time. So I got to remember. I got to start asking them every time I go there. So they can make sure they put it in. Don't jump baby. Let's get it on baby. Jump like that. Right there. I got to hit him with the photo. Y'all right now though. Smack with the photo. We gone. Let's go. And just like that. It is the end of the video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content. For those two orders, we made 50-74. We came and got dough. Y'all saw us go. Hey, for the full day, we made 105-50 on my Pete Nipsey. And if you want to see the other two orders that we did, look at the video before this video, baby. But I hope you guys enjoyed the video. Make sure you like it tomorrow because it's going back down because we ain't playing around wide. Because 2022 is still back season. We don't keep on giving them a reason. I'll see you guys on the next one. We grew up and grew up and we flew on. You already know the DDK and I'm on my way.


Welcome, everyone, to the US Institute of Peace. My name is Robin Wright. I'm a senior fellow at the US Institute of Peace, specializing in issues involving the Middle East, Islamic extremism, and many of the conflicts that have haunted the region. I'm joined this morning by Ely Abu Alun, who is director of the Institute's Middle East and North Africa programs, and Monia Kubian, who is a senior policy scholar, specializing in Syria at the Institute. We're going to talk this morning about the challenges at this critical turning point in the fate of the Islamic State. It is under pressure in both Iraq and Syria. One of the big questions is, what happens to ISIS? How does it evolve as it loses its caliphate? And what happens in Iraq and Syria? Islamic State, at one point at its height, held a third of the country, territory in both countries, roughly the size of the state of Indiana or the country of Jordan. My initial thoughts to open up our conversation this morning is that it's quite possible that the US-led coalition and other parties will defeat the Islamic State. It will take back the caliphate, the territory, but that ISIS is far from finished. And the grave danger, of course, is if there isn't the kind of policy in place, the solutions developed by both countries, both of them facing conflict, longstanding conflicts, that we could beat ISIS, but still lose the war, still not make the peace. We also have the broader problem of what happens to the ISIS fighters. There are 50,000 foreign fighters who have joined the Islamic State and other extremist movements in Iraq and Syria. Somewhere between 20 and 30% of them have already returned home. In Britain, it's actually almost 50%. And of course, as we've already seen, ISIS is not just confined to the Middle East today, it is a global movement. It stretches from attacks in Europe to the Philippines to Florida and California. So this is a pivotal moment. My great concern to start off our conversation is that the government in Iraq, just as it's taken back most of Mosul, really doesn't have a plan in place for governance. It's got a plan for security, but the question is, how does it make a community, widely diverse community in Mosul, feel that they are represented, that their interests, their future, their livelihoods, their security are protected? And that's, I think the government has a lot of convincing to do. 14 years after the US intervention in Iraq, we still don't have a plan for power sharing nationally. And of course, Mosul is now a microcosm of that challenge. And so the fate of Mosul will in many ways decide the future of Iraq. And then in Syria, you have an array of wars playing out that are internal, are regional, and also pit the major powers, the United States and Russia, against each other. It has a sectarian component, Shi'id versus Sunni. It has the regional component of different players, whether it's the Gulf States supporting some of the rebel movements, Iran supporting the government of President Assad. So this is a time that there's still a lot of sorting out to do, even as we feel much more confident about fighting, finally defeating the world's most virulent extremist movement. So let me get your thoughts. Let me begin with you, Ily. What strikes you as most important for us to understand about this turning point? Well, the most important thing is to assess the threat of the jihadi movement in the region and its size. ISIS is only the last iteration of a movement that started a few centuries ago and the region has been living with this ideology for the last decades, specifically in the last decade, as I said, for the last century. So ISIS as an organization, as a caliphate, as you mentioned, will probably be defeated in the next few weeks. Mosul is not the last city, they still hold Tallahfar, they still hold Hawija and other cities in Iraq. But anyway, they will be defeated militarily. There seems to be no doubt about this. But the ideology of ISIS will not disappear. On the contrary, what we know from our field observation is that the radicalization and the ideology is increasing, actually, in Iraq, in Syria, but also in other places. So what we need to think really is how to address the drivers of this radicalization. And what I wanted to say about this is that also based on our experience on the ground, the drivers are different from one town to another town in the same country. So having one generic analysis and approach about radicalization is also another mistake. That's actually, let me follow up on that a little bit, because I think that's a really interesting point. When you talk about the drivers, what is it that has produced this extremism and that as it evolves becomes ever more ambitious, aggressive, angry, and deadly? Again, what drives this radicalization is different. There is a wide array of reasons why people get radicalized. So the most common reasons that are mentioned in almost every study are political grievances, social and economic exclusion, lack of appropriate education, religious discourse, et cetera. So I don't want to repeat them. These are the ones that are commonly mentioned as the drivers of radicalization. But we need to dig deeper than this and understand in each city, each town, how is it happening and why is it happening? Recently, the US Institute of Peace, through its National Partner, Senate for Peacebuilding in Iraq, handed over a CVE countering violent extremism strategy for the Anbar province to the Iraqi authorities. And this exercise made us realize how much the analysis needs to be local and the solutions need to be local. Mona, you spent part of your life working at the State Department and at USAID. When you look at what lies ahead, what do you think are the things the United States can do outside of our military power in creating an alternative? Well, I think actually the campaign against ISIL will not be won militarily. It really is going to come down to what happens in these areas that have been liberated from ISIL after the military campaign has been won. This is where I think the State Department, USAID, and other international actors have a critical role to play. Beyond ensuring that security is provided for citizens so that they can return, are there basic services that have been restored? What about governance? Are people's aspirations being addressed by local governance structures? In the absence of those things, we really create the fertile ground for a reemergence of ISIS 2.0. We did a report at the US Institute of Peace bringing together 20 scholars on extremist movements and found that with each generation, the time to mobilize or swarm, which is the official term, is cut in half. That to recruit and get people into a battlefield takes half the time. With each generation, you have a wider array of countries represented that the agenda becomes much more ambitious. Again, creating a caliphate. You think of this movement, which really the current round has its origins in the 1970s with the failure of the 1973 war, the reaction to the Soviet intervention or invasion of Afghanistan, the 1979 Iranian Revolution. We have seen them become, the movements become in some ways more absolutist, more difficult to create alternatives to counter the narrative. I think one of the things that's so striking is that we haven't yet figured out a way to counter that narrative effectively. I think you're absolutely right. I think the role of social media in one of the things has amplified and perhaps accelerated these drivers. But I think Elise Point bears repeating, which is it's really local conditions on the ground that need to be addressed. And as he rightly points out, each city, each town differs one from the other. I think in Syria, in Raqqa, we have a particular set of concerns, which is that the main force that's gonna be taking the town is Kurdish dominated. But it's essentially an Arab city. So how are we going to mediate these interests? Who is actually going to be calling the shots in terms of governance issues? If Kurds are dominating the governance structures of an Arab majority city, I think that's setting up a conflict down the road. We welcome your questions and we have the first one. The US has shown it will continue to work with the Kurds in the war against ISIS, but the independence referendum does not sit well with some ethnic and religious minorities in the region. How do you think the US will proceed? We should note that they're referring to the Kurdish president's call for an independence referendum on September 25th this year. The culmination of a long campaign to decide whether the Kurds want to be part of Iraq or want to go off on their own. The Kurds, the largest minority in the world without a state. Eili, do you have some thoughts on that? I mean, not necessarily on the US, but what I would say is that the US has any other international power. They know how to pick and choose what to do and what not to do with regional or local forces. And I think the same approach will be used with the Kurds. So I don't see the collaboration on the war against ISIS being severely affected by the independence. And the other point I want to add on the independence that yes, the Kurdish leadership declared September 25th to hold the referendum and I think it will be held on that date. But implementing the decisions or the outcomes of the referendum will take some time. So it's not something that will happen overnight. It requires some time to negotiate with the central government how to proceed based on the outcomes of the referendum. Yeah, and I suspect the United States and the United Nations have both said that they do not support the idea of Kurdish independence at the moment. And I think what the Kurds may be doing is trying to figure out to broker a different kind of power sharing agreement with Baghdad. During a transition period, they've had tensions over issues of oil revenues, over power sharing. And this is a way to give them more leverage in that argument on the path to eventual independence. But of course, Kurds becoming independent of Iraq, opens up then the issue of what happens to the Kurds in Syria and Iran and particularly Turkey. Do we have another question? Well, let's talk a little bit about Mosul. I was there in March and this is a place where the country really reflects all its vulnerabilities. There's no electricity. The US bombed all the major intersections in order to prevent the suicide bombers from attacking Iraqi troops trying to liberate the city. And that's made aid difficult. It's made difficult for families who may wanna go back to reclaim their property. The university was destroyed. This is one of the oldest libraries with documents dating back more than a millennia that the institutions have been destroyed, not just the walls of buildings. Eili, you were in Iraq recently as well. Do you have thoughts about what it's gonna take to create an Iraq that is viable and not vulnerable to extremist ideologies to kind of the forces that have eroded the national identity or the national fabric of the country? This is a two hours discussion by itself but in a nutshell, I think what Mona referred to as the lack of an appropriate governance framework is very relevant in the Iraqi case. I don't think it's realistic to expect some sorts of stability in Iraq without having the Iraqis agree on a governance or on a power sharing agreement on a governance framework that would prevent further political exclusion that would give guarantees to all the constituents of Iraq that they can live in safety and dignity in their own country. And in Iraq and in many countries in the region, personally, I don't see any viable model that is not based on a federal, confederal, largely decentralized model. I think these are, this is the pattern in the region, in Iraq, in Syria, in Libya, in Yemen and probably in other places. So the effort to highlight or emphasize one national identity and the nation-state model based on the European or some European model, not all of them, but I think is a waste of time at this stage in the region. We need to think creatively out of the box. We need to figure out governance models that are appropriate to the reality of the region. And today's reality is that because of all what happened, all the conflicts, all the exclusion that happened, the dictatorships, et cetera, people don't feel that they belong to nations, they feel they belong to communities. And this is something that need to be addressed, at least in the short term, through an appropriate governance model in Iraq, in Syria, et cetera. And then later on, on a voluntary basis, communities might reunite in one country and more than one country, but this has to be a voluntary movement, not a forced thing by the international community. Could I just jump in on this? Because I think this idea of decentralized governance is really a critical one to hammer home. I think Ali rightly points out. In places with diverse populations like Iraq, like Syria, the irony is it's really going to be a very highly decentralized Iraq or decentralized Syria that allows these countries, these nation states, to actually stay together. And if we don't understand that, I think we are really setting ourselves up for more conflict down the road. You know, the one question also is that we've seen the movement of peoples inside countries noted particularly in Syria, whether between the death toll, but also the displaced people, communities effectively ethnic cleansing going on by a lot of forces, not just the government. That is the danger that the demographic distribution of countries changes. Syria was a wonderful melting pot and it is the geostrategic center of the Middle East and it was a model. I've spent Easter in Damascus where they have chocolate Easter bunnies and colored eggs and they honor both the Orthodox and the Catholic holidays so that there is a sense that it may be a predominantly Muslim country but there are others, other faiths whose rights and holidays they honor as well. Is that spirit, has that evaporated? Is there, because the danger strikes me is so much more profound in Syria in terms of how do you bring those communities back together? It's very hard to see how they volunteer with the death toll of half a million people with two thirds of the country dependent on international aid for their daily bread. I think you frame it exactly right. I mean, the displacement issue in Syria is significant. Half the country's population has been displaced. Half outside, nearly more than five million refugees outside and about six million people internally displaced. Out of a country of about 22 million. Exactly, and you are exactly right. There's real, I think legitimate fear that new facts are being created on the ground. New demographic realities are being created on the ground and I think there's a lot of concern that the Syria, certainly the Syria that you knew and I knew as a Fulbright student there, that Syria I think is gone. The question is what is the model to look for going forward to build a new Syria? Again, a highly decentralized Syria. As difficult as Iraq is, Syria is exponentially more complicated. We are trying to do all of these things in the absence of a political settlement. That said, as the country begins to stabilize, as conflict starts to recede from areas, we are actually seeing people return. The UN has recently announced 400,000 Syrians have returned to the country, but will they stay? And what Syria are they returning to? My sense is that many of them are going back to see whether their houses are destroyed to get a sense of the state of play. It's the men going home, or men and their sons, women and other children staying outside the country. We have another question. From the perspective of peace builders, what does the average Iraqi citizen face after ISIS? What are the major barriers to peace, and what peace building initiatives might work, especially in places like Mosul? Eli, you want to take that one? Yeah, sure. I mean, peace building in places like Mosul has many layers. I think the immediate, the short-term concern is to prevent revenge operations against some civilians or some groups, tribes, et cetera. And the second one is to work on deconfliction mechanisms for local conflicts. This is what we think should be done in the immediate future. Now, thinking on a longer term, we mentioned the issue of the barriers to return. So what would prevent IDPs from returning? And this takes us into the reconstruction aspect, the security provision aspect and the governance model. So these are the main aspects that peace building need to be thinking about in the case of Mosul, but also in other places in Iraq. If I could just add on this, I think, Eli is exactly right. There's another issue, which is places like Mosul and Raqqa, populations have lived under ISIS control for three years in some instances. There are real concerns about who constitutes an ISIS sympathizer or not, and how are these people going to be treated? So I think there are real legitimate concerns about tensions not only between various sectarian communities, but even within the Sunni community. And there, I think, local level reconciliation efforts and dialogue is going to be essential. And some sense of understanding that people were living under ISIS, not by choice in most instances. We need to think really creatively about how to ensure families and others are integrated back into the social fabric of their community. I think that's a really important point. We look at the Iraq experiment after Saddam Hussein's ouster, and there were so many people who had worked, were members of the Ba'ath party or had worked under some kind of official join because they needed a job, basically. And you couldn't be a kindergarten teacher or a garbage collector unless you were a member of the party or rise from those positions. And, of course, I think everyone, history looks back and thinks one of the classic U.S. mistakes was disbanding the Ba'ath party and the military. And so we have to be, I think, very careful. It's the same thing with the Soviet Union where everyone had to be, you know, to get a decent job, had to be a card-carrying member of the party. And the critical question of how you differentiate between the really bad boys, the ideologues, the operatives, and those who were just trapped by realities needed to provide bread for their families. And those were the only jobs around. I mean, one other thing that concerns me is having spent my whole life covering wars is that as wars progress and kind of take a hold of society, you find that the economy is warped or corrupted by the war economies, the smuggling and so forth, that the warlords, the military figures, the militia leaders become powers in their own right with economic control of certain businesses. And ending a war is not just ending the firing of guns, it's actually undoing all the damage, the new infrastructure, the new realities that have been created in the meantime. We have one more question. Given the completion of the illicit dam in Turkey that will reduce the water flowing into Iraq via the tigress and the effects of climate change, what role do you think water insecurity will play in exacerbating conflict in the region? Who'd like to take that one? I'll say one thing that comes to mind immediately, which is there are some people have looked at the Syrian conflict and have said that water insecurity, climate change and drought in Syria, they had a record drought in the years prior to the outbreak of the conflict. But that was a contributing factor to the eventual uprising. Of course, many other factors at play, but I do think it's important to understand and drill much down more deeply into the role of climate change, water insecurity and other things as drivers for conflict. I think the same thing's true in Yemen. There's a sense that the conflict in Yemen was fueled in part by some of the environmental factors. And one thing that struck me, and I did a piece recently for the New Yorker on this, that the lights are going out in the Middle East, that electricity is a basic problem. Whether it's in Gaza where you have one or two hours a day, in Libya they have gone weeks, the whole country without any power at all, in parts of Iraq, which is an oil-rich country. In all of Iraq, in all of Iraq, not just in Mosul. You're down to eight or nine hours of power a day for a lot of complicated reasons. But this is one that affects the level of education. Kids can't, they're not liked to study by at night, they're not computers to do research, that it affects businesses. In some places the government does not announce where what hours of the lights are gonna be on or the electricity's gonna be available. And when they do turn on, people get up in the middle of the night to do groggily, to do their laundry or to do business deals because they've got access to their computers. That we forget that the challenges in the region are not just the ones of conflict. It's all the things, environmental issues, the electricity, the infrastructure deterioration that really are taking the whole region back in time. And then when it comes to finding solutions for some of these problems, you really, the scope is almost unparalleled for conflict zones. We're seeing the array of conflicts, the fact that borders could even be redrawn because of the deterioration of that national identity. It's a tough time. We have one last question. After ISIS is defeated in Mosul and Raqqa, what will be or should be the top priorities for the United States? I'll say very quickly, certainly in Raqqa, the top priority really needs to be stabilizing Raqqa and beginning to drill down on this very difficult issue of governance and ensuring that the people of Raqqa have a strong say in their futures. One of the things that's so striking is that Mosul will return to Iraqi sovereignty. We know that. The government is the army moving in against ISIS. In Syria, you have different armies moving in on Raqqa. As you pointed out, whether it's the Kurdish dominated force moving on an Arab city, but you also have others that want Raqqa as a symbol of we were the ones who beat ISIS or needless to say, the government will claim, the government of Bashar al-Assad will claim control of Raqqa because again, it's a sovereign issue. There are some really complex legal issues that have to be sorted out. And does the US, for example, which has backed the movement, the Kurdish dominated group, the Syrian Democratic forces with air power and with special forces on the ground, does it back the Raqqa council that is taking shape of displaced people who wanna go home and rule their own city? And does that set up for a post-conflict conflict? Yeah, two thoughts on this. First of all, the notion of Iraqi sovereignty is being challenged by the emergence of a lot of non-state actors, militarized non-state actors in various parts of Iraq. So this is something to be watched as well because it is going to be another driver of conflict in Iraq, even after liberation. The second thought I have is a straight answer to the question. I think that the top priority, not only for the US, but for the rest of the international community is to invest in a political process after liberation as much as they invested in the military effort. And when I say this, I always clarify, I'm not saying that they should do this because they need to do it for the people of the region. They need to do it because conflicts in the Middle East are a regional peace and international peace and security issue. It targets everyone. It's not only about the local communities, local societies in the region. It is about the whole international peace and security framework. So this is where I see that the international community has an interest to invest in a political process that would avert further conflicts in the region. This issue always reminds me of the movie Charlie Wilson's War, where the United States, the congressman, Charlie Wilson, raised billions to back the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. But when it came to the post-Soviet era, he couldn't raise $5 million for education for Afghanistan. So there are a lot of challenges. We're always willing to back military operations, but we're not so good on kind of post-conflict. Listen, I want to thank everyone for joining us. I'm really grateful to my colleagues, Ely Abu-A'oon and Moni Okubian. And I hope you'll join us again here sometime in the future.


Good morning, I am Raiha Sandalwala, I am going to take a session on user interface. So, before proceeding let us go through the content. First is introduction to user interface, layouts, user interface controls, menus and tools, notifications, other interesting user interfaces. In this we will cover list view, dialogues, date picker and sliding draw. So, now let us start with our first topic, introduction to user interface. User interface is one of the most important features of Android and it is also something which consumes a lot of time. This is because from the user's point of view we want our applications to be captivating. So, now what is user interface? It is anything and everything that the user sees on the screen and can interact with. So, Android provides a various pre-built components like layouts which provide a uniform look and feel in the application. There are also some UI controls like buttons like which we have seen in the previous session, text boxes and the check boxes, radio buttons. These are the common UI controls which we see on the registration forms on the various websites. Usually when we register to Facebook and all we see these. There are also dialogues, notifications and menus. So, we will see them in the later on. Now there are two approaches to implement user interface. First is we write the Java, first is procedural and the second is declarative. In the procedural approach we write the Java code and in declarative approach we write XML code which is similar to the HTML of a web page. So, the best practice is to start with the XML file and declare most of the user interface and then switch to the Java code to implement the user interface logic. So, we will implementing the best approach in our applications. So, we will see our next topic that are Android layouts. What is a layout? A layout is a systematic arrangement of components on the screen. It provides a uniform look and feel to the applications. So, there are again two ways of declaring layouts, one in the XML file that we just saw and another programmatically. And also again the convenient method is to start with the XML file and then switch to the Java code. Now, we will see what are the types of layouts. Mainly there are four types of layouts, linear layout, table layout, grid layout and relative layout. Linear layout is again subdivided into two categories, horizontal layout and vertical layout. So, we will see coding of all the four layouts one by one. Before that let us see the snapshot. This is the linear layout. Again in linear layout this is the vertical type of layout. So, the components are arranged in the vertical order one by one, it can also be arranged horizontally. So, in linear layout everything is arranged in the line, either vertical or horizontal. So, this is the output which we are going to achieve, which we want to achieve. So, let us see the code for it. So, here are lot of applications, I have already made all these applications. Now, the first application is linear layout. This is the one linear vertical, let me just open this. This is the Java code. We do not have any work of the Java code here right now. So, we will go to the layout folder. So, this is the XML file of the linear layout application, I am sorry this is let me by default actually what happens is when we create a new application, the application is in relative layout. So, you can just edit it, here it gives me a building error, this because here down the closing tab is again of relative layout. So, I have to just edit it for the linear layout, now it is ok. So, this is the relative layout tag in this layout width and height are defined, which is will be uniform for all the whole application. Now here I am defining four buttons, these are the four buttons, I will scroll it slowly because yesterday we got the feedback that it is too fast ok. So, these are the four buttons ID as we have seen in the previous session, it has to be different unique for all the buttons. So, that when we use this ID for instantiating the button in the Java code, it has to be unique for each button. Now these are the various parameters of the button, layout width and layout height for defining the width and height of the button, wrap content means that the text which is written on the button, it will coordinate with the size of the button, that is wrap content means the size of the button will be adjusted according to the text written on it. Align parent left and align parent top means that the button will be aligned to the left top of the screen, text is 1.1 we can again edit it. So, these are the similar kind of parameters, now let us look at a Java file, we have done nothing in the Java file, it is same these are the two predefined methods ok. Now here we see inflator, inflator is used to instantiate the XML file, now we will see the output in the emulator, usually the output takes a lot of time. So, what I have done is I have already installed all the applications ok, it is not showing I will again do it once, once again I will run this in the project explorer linear vertical layout, run as android application ok. So, since we are running it for the first time it will take some time, also I forgot to show you the graphical view, this is the XML file and here is the graphical view ok, it is showing linear vertical, but the buttons are here in horizontal order. Let me change this, yeah when we click on this button set vertical orientation, all this will come in vertical order. Let me again run this, run this android application. Save changes, yes we have just now done something and so it is as prompts every time to save the changes, yes this is the emulator. So, the output will be same as what we saw in the graphical view. So, let us move to our slides, I will again show the output after some time when it ok, I think it is showing something here. So, this is the output in the emulator, all the buttons are below each one another. So, this is a simple thing just shows the layout of the various components. Now, we see the next type of layout. So, this is a snapshot of the grid layout. In grid layout the components are arranged in the forms of rows and columns. So, these are the two rows and the four columns. So, here one thing to be noted is this button 1.3 is slightly longer than the other buttons and the button just below it 2.3, it does not occupy the whole space of the column. That is it does not follow the match parent property, it follows wrap content which we have just seen in the previous layout. So, this is something to be noted. Now, let us see it is again the coding which we have seen. I am closing this application. Now, I will start grid layout, RES folder in layout, this is the grid layout. Let me zoom this. So, this is the graphical view of the grid layout, the similar kind of output we will be seeing. So, this is the XML file. Here grid layout tag is there, again there are some buttons. I am scrolling them down slowly as per the feedback. There will be eight buttons, all the buttons will have different ID. So, these are the eight buttons. I am not showing all of them. So, now let us see their parameters. Column count equal to 9 means maximum, we can have 9 columns here. This is style, button style small which means the small buttons will appear here. We can also add some other features in the styling like color and color of the background of the button or color of the button text. We can add all these styles. Layout column equal to 0 and layout row equal to 0, these two which means that this particular button is in the 0th column and in the 0th row. Layout gravity equal to left means this button will be aligned towards the left. Text is 1.1 that is 1.1 will be displayed on the text. Again this is the second button, different ID. Layout column equal to 2 which means that this button is in second column and 0th row. Again layout gravity equal to left means aligned towards the left. So, since the arrangement is in the form of rows and columns here, we define which row and which column starts from 0, index starts from 0, 0, 0. Again here we see something different. Layout width is equal to 88 dp. Now dp is density pixel. It is one of the units of defining the width or even the height of the button. Column equal to 4, row equal to 0. That is this is in 4th column and 0th row. We have seen the graphical view. Now let us see the output. Actually I have already compiled all these applications once. So, I am trying that we see all here. I click on the installed ones and show you so that we do not waste much time. I found here grid layout. So, I am clicking on this grid layout and here we see the output same as what we saw in the graphical view. So, when we click on any of the icon of APK files, we see the application. Now again we see the next type of layout grid layout. After that it comes stable layout. So, here also the components are arranged in the forms of rows and columns. These are two rows and the four columns. Here the difference is that 1.3 is again longer than the other buttons, but the button 2.3 occupies whole of the space of the column unlike the previous one. Here it did not occupy whole space. Here it is occupying the whole space. So, this is implementing a match parent property that is the it is matching the width of the parent here. Now let us see the code. I am closing this grid layout now. Here is stable layout. I have done no coding here. I am just showing the arrangement of various components. There is no Java coding in these layouts. So, this is table layout. This is the graphical view. Same thing we will be seeing in the output also. Now let us see the XML file. This is the XML file, table layout tag. Here there is one difference that all the components will be specified in the form of rows. So, this is the first row. The first row contains this button 1, button 2, button 3 and button 4. I will be going slow. So, here is the end of the first tag that is first row ends here with the four buttons. So, this is again table row tag that is here from here we start the next row. So, we have to define various rows and in that the components. I am just scrolling down so that you can see the whole code. So, this is the end of table row and the table layout tag. Now we will see the various parameters ID we have seen width and height same. I do not think there is any other different parameter here. Graphical layout we have seen. Now we will see the output. So, back I click on menu and I can see all the applications that are already compiled and installed. So, we have seen table layout here. So, this is the output for table layout same as what we saw in the snapshot and in graphical view. Now let us switch to the fourth and the last type of layout that is the relative layout. This is the relative layout. Here there is no fixed pattern of the components. We can drag and drop them anywhere. So, by default an application when we create an application it is in relative layout. It follows this relative layout. So, let us see an eclipse ID the XML file. Here I am opening the relative layout. So, let me zoom. So, this is the graphical view of the relative layout application. We can just drag and drop the things anywhere, anywhere. I can do it here also. No effect on the output will come. I mean output will be different, but no change in the properties as such. So, this is the XML file for relative layout. Here since there is no rows and columns in particularly which we define. So, the positions of the various parameters are defined relative to each other. One of the button will be act as a parent button and all the other buttons or all the other components will be in related to that position will show they will have their positions in terms of that button. So, this is relative layout tag, button ID button 3 here. I am just showing you the code. So, width and height we have seen, align, top we have seen, margin equal to 33 dp that is this button. It has top margin of 33 density pixel. Text is 3.1. Again, align parent top equal to true which means this button acts as a parent button. It has right margin of 26 density pixels, top margin of 29 density pixel, also 2 left of ID button 2 that is this button 1 is towards the left of button 2. So, top margin is 29 density pixel. We have seen the graphical view. Now, let us see the output in the emulator. Again, I go back relative layout. So, this is the output in the emulator. Now, here this is all about layouts. Save changes yes, does not matter. Now, we go to our next topic, Android UI controls. These are the few basic input controls. As I told earlier, these are the interactive components of an application. We see them when we usually fill a form on the websites. So, we will see these components one by one in the form of a form. I have created a registration form. So, we will see all these components. I will explain little bit here. Text view and edit text are together known as text fields. In text view is a kind of label. In edit text, we can write something that is name or something else. Button has a text or it can also contain an icon. When we click on this button, something happens. So, we have to write the Java code for this. Then radio buttons, we can select only one option from a given set of option radio button. Checkboxes, we can select multiple options from a given set of options in the checkbox. Spinner is a kind of drop down list. So, we will see them one by one. Let us first see the snapshot of the form, which I am going to show. This is the snapshot. This first name, last name, gender, country and occupation. These all are the text view or you can say kind of labels. Here this is an edit text. We can write here. Here these are the checkboxes, spinners and sorry radio buttons, spinner, checkboxes and these are again the two buttons. So, we will see its code. From here, there is little bit of Java code in every application. So, this is the Java code. Let me also open the XML file, form.xml. So, we will first see the XML file. Here is the XML file. So, we have defined table layout here. First row contains edit text and text view as we shown the snapshot. EMS is also kind of unit for defining the width of the edit text. So, this is the second row. I am just scrolling down slowly. So, you can view the whole code. Second row, end of second row. In the same way, there are all the other rows here radio group that is radio buttons are defined. So, now let us see the Java code here. Now, here we have defined the various UI controls. These are the variables, actually not the objects, just typing mistakes. So, here we define various variables of the classes which we have used. Here is the string of array of strings. In this, we have declared various country names. So, we will see what is the use of this array of strings. Here we instantiate the edit text and the button, also spinner. Now, event handling is done on spinner here in this code. What is happening is, it is just array adapter is used to pull the content from the string of array. Sorry, array of strings, sorry. So, here that the array we saw, array adapter will pull the contents from this array into the spinner. This is the whole code. Now, event handling is done on the reset button. Here we call onclick method. Onclick is a callback method of the event listener interface. Event listener is a interface of view class. So, here this is the inner class which she was telling about in the previous session which Pradhania was telling about. So, here we define the onclick method. Here what is happening is, in reset button when we click on the reset button, the form will reset. That is, it will come back to its original value where nothing was written in the form. So, this is all about reset button. Now, submit button. Usually what happens is when we click on submit button, the form is reset. Also, all the values are stored in the database when we click on submit button. So, here we kind of assume that all the values will be stored in database and again on clicking submit button also here, the form will reset. So, this is the whole code for submit button. Now, these are the two empty methods. We have to write these methods because we are implementing event listener interface. So, these are the methods in event listener interface which we have to write. So, now, let us see the output in the emulator. There is form, lot of applications are installed here. So, let me search. Yes, here is the form. I hope you are visible here. This is text view, edit text I am writing. Here first name suppose Android, second name workshop for example. Now, this is radio button. I am selecting female, spinner. Here contains the list of all the countries. We can drag up and down to view the whole list. I am selecting India here. Now, these are the two check boxes. I hope these are visible, student as well as teacher. So, the difference between radio button and check boxes is this. In radio button we can select only one option at a time and check boxes multiple options. So, we click on submit button and the form is again reset. Same will happen when we click on reset button. So, these are all about UI controls. This is the form snapshot of the filled form. Now, we go to our next topic that is menus and toast. What is a menu? This is a common user interface. In any of the electronic device either mobile or tablet, this is the most common button which we will see every device contains the menu button. When we click on this menu button, we see the list of all the applications that are stored in our device. So, everyone who has a mobile or a tablet must have gone through this option at least. Types of menu, options menu. This is a primary collection of menu items. So, we use options menu when we have to globally effect an application. That is when we have to search compose mail or do some kind of settings. Now, next is pop-up menu. A pop-up menu displays list of items in a vertical list. So, it is a kind of list which displays in a form of a pop-up. So, these are the two types of menus. Now, we will see what a toast is. A toast provides a simple feedback operation when we click on a button, for example, or any of the options in the menu. Feedback about an operation will rise. So, if we click on any of this, we will see this toast. It is a kind of tool tip, we can say. So, now let us see the snapshot of the options menu. So, this is the snapshot of the options menu. Again, I will not show all the snapshots this is the snapshot for the pop-up menu. So, this we are going to achieve in our output. Now, let us see the coding in our eclipse ID for both these menus. So, I am closing this android menus. This is the Java file layout. Here we have two XML files main dot XML and menu dot XML. So, now let us see what it has main dot XML has. In main dot XML, this is linear layout is defined and a simple text view is there, nothing else. This is the graphical view. Click on menu to show menu items. Only this content is there in the main dot XML file. Now, let us see menu dot XML. So, this is the menu dot XML file. Here six items are defined. I am just showing you the code first. So, here are the six items with these three parameters. First is the ID which has to be different. Item is basically when we click on the options, we options button, we see the various options. So, those options are the items. So, now android icon. Icon is a small picture which comes with the text. Then title here this bookmark. So, this text will be written when we see the options, similar kinds of parameters ID, icon and title ID all are different for all the six items here. Icon is optional, not necessary to mention. So, now let us see the Java code. This is the Java file. Menu inflator is used to instantiate the menu dot XML file. Now, here event handling is done for the items. So, which case is used here. When we click on the menu button, we will see six options and when we click on any of them a toast will appear. We will see what is a toast is it will be more clear when we see the output. So, a feedback of what button we have pressed will appear in the toast. Suppose we press the bookmark button. So, the text bookmark is selected will appear in the toast. So, similar kind of cases with different IDs and text scrolling just to show the code. This is the whole code. Now let us see the output of this options menu in the emulator. See all these are already compiled. So, I can see on the emulator. You will have to run it once to see all these options. Android menus. Click on the menu to show menu items. I am clicking on this menu button here. So, I see these six options, these six items. When I click on the save, save is selected. So, this save is selected is a toast. Again I will show you when I click on menu these six options bookmark, bookmark is selected. So, this is all about options menu. Now we will see what is the pop-up menu. So, this is the snapshot. I will show you the eclipse code now. Menu pop-up. This is the Java file. Here again two XML files main dot XML and menu layout dot XML. So, here in main dot XML let us see what is there. In main dot XML there is a button. Layout gravity equal to center which means that this button is placed in the center. Top margin is 42 DP. DIP is again density pixel nothing else. So, in graphical view I hope it is visible. Let me. This is the button showing show pop-up text. This is the graphical view. Now let us see the Java code. Here three variables are again declared of these classes. Layout inflator pop-up window and view. Layout inflator is used to instantiate the XML file. Now here event handling is done on the pop-up window. This is show pop-up method. When we click on the what happens? When we click on the button the pop-up window appears that is the list of the various options. This is the event handling. Here width and height of the pop-up window is declared. We can also declare this in the XML file. While declaring layouts while studying about layouts we saw that we can declare them in two ways. One in XML file and other programmatically. So layout parameters can also be declared programmatically. Width and height we are declaring defining here. These are again three methods for the three options. I guess we have missed the menu layout XML. We have seen that also before the Java proceeding with the Java code. Here three options will be appear will appear when we click on the button pop-up menu. These will be the three options. This is the XML file menu layout dot XML. So here again the second method of on click, second way of implementing on click method is here. When we click on any one of these buttons a toast will, sorry options a toast will appear. This is the text view, linear layout. Here is the background. The various color codes are there fixed color codes in the android. So you can use any of them. This is the Java code text a toast will appear. Here the code is available. We have uploaded the code in Moodle as well as GitHub links or videos are also there. All are there on the GitHub. So you can try the code yourself. I will see the output in the emulator pop-up menu, show pop-up. These three options when we click on any of them a toast will appear tabbed search. This is the toast. Again I can show you share, tabbed share. So this is all about menus. Now probably I will have to rush through the session. Now next is notifications. So what are notifications? Usually when we have, when we get a missed call or a message in our phones or tablets we get a notification for that. So these were the, these are the notifications. We will see the application. Before that this is the snapshot of the notification. These will be implementing. I have actually made two applications for the notification. I will quickly show them now. In one there will be only a text that is you can continue with a work. In the second notification I will be showing a website. So and eclipse notification demo. So I will only explain the Java code now, not much of the XML file from here. This is the XML file and the graphical view of that. It contains only one button, nothing else. So this is the Java code. Here button B is declared and instantiated, event handling on the button. Notification is manager is used to create a notification. A context of the current activity what is currently going on in the application. Then title and details of the notification. Intent is used to switch to the next activity. Here we can see this line. This means that this particular function is deprecated which means something else better is available here. But if we use the older version also it will not show error. It will just show a warning that this particular method is deprecated. Here suppress warning deprecation it will show nothing else. So since I made the application in 4.0.3 and now I am compiling it in 4.2 that is why this deprecation warning is come. Now we will see the output in the emulator. Pending intent gives the gives a token to the foreign application. In this case it will give a token to the notification manager. And with the help of intent we will switch to the details of the notification. We will see what notify. When I click on this button send notification, I can see the notification here. When I drag this down I have the notification. You have been notified. Sorry. You have been notified. Continue with what you are doing. I hope it is visible. Now again if I close this I click on this it is closed and I come back to the original screen. So this is the first example. Now let us see the second one. In second one that is this one I am showing an website in the notification. This is because it is a kind of push message that we receive on our mobile phones. It contains the links of various websites. So in notification itself we can have links of various websites. This is the graphical view. I am rushing now. So this is the graphical view of the XML file. Now the Java code is more or less similar. It is just that here I am defining a string which contains the URL of a website. Here almost more or less the similar kind of code. So you can try it. I am showing you the output straightaway in the emulator and write notification. So when we click on this button send the notification. Here the notification will appear. When we click on this the URL of the website here the website will be opened. This will take a little time. When we give the URL the emulator takes little time. So this is the IIT Bombay website. So this website will be shown. So this is all about notifications. Now our next topic list view. List view is a view group. It displays the scrollable items. Here adapter is used to pull the content from an array or database. We have to use an array in the Java code or code for the database so that we can pull the content from that array to the list view. Now let us see the snapshot how it looks like. This is the output of the list view. This is what we have to achieve. Here are the list of fruits. Now let us see in the eclipse ID the code here some error appeared. Already we have seen this so not to bother. List view also the layout file. In layout file this is the graphical view. This is the list view widget. List view widget comes in the composite category. Here we can just drag and drop it from here. So this is the list view. It is not only used to display just to display the items it has many other applications also. So I am showing you just the basic one. This is the Java code. Here this is the function list display. Now let us go to the function. Before that here I am declaring an array also. Array of fruits. Naming name fruits I am declaring an instantiating here. Now in this method I am adding the various names of the fruits to the fruits array again. So these items apple will be added to fruit array. Here all the five components will be added to here to the fruits array. Now the code for the list view list view is instantiated here and array adapter is used to pull the content from the array to the list view. So now let us see the output. I am going to the home screen. Menu from here. So let me just search the list view here. Here it is. So this is the list view. As I said you can use list view in many other complex applications also. Now let us go to our next topic. Dialogs in Android. Now what are dialogues? Dialog is a small window. Usually when we close any text editor without saving it so a dialogue box appears that if you want to save it. Here also when I was about to close or run the application a dialogue box appeared that do you want to save this. So these are the basic examples of dialogue box. Let us see the snapshot first. Here is the snapshot. A button is there. When we will click on this button an alert box will appear. So let us see the Java code quickly dialogue box. Also the layout file. This is the layout file graphical view. Here it contains a simple button nothing else. So this is the Java file. I am just showing you the code alert dialog builder is used to create the dialogue. When we click on yes two options will appear when the when we click on show alert box. Alert box will appear on that two messages will be there. Two buttons will be there sorry yes or no. So we will see what will happen on yes and no in the output. This is just the code for it. It is available. So let me search where is the dialogue box. Here we this is the button show alert box. When we click on this here we get a dialogue box. It says click yes to exit. So when we will click on yes this application will be closed. So before closing let me click on no. When we click on no what happens is nothing will happen. We will again go back to the previous screen. When we click on yes this application will be closed. So we go back to the home screen. This is all about dialogue box. Now the next topic date picker. Date picker is simply used to set date in our application. It is a simple widget. I will now not be showing the code because we are running short of time. I will not explaining the code. I will just show you the output. Now you can try the code yourself. It has been uploaded on the GitHub link. So I am showing you the application for date picker. So what I do is I will show you the snapshot. So this is the snapshot of the date picker application. Here date is displayed. Here this is the date picker widget. This upper is the text view and here this is the button change button. When we will click on this change button an alert box or a pop up will appear to set the date. So this kind of pop up set date will appear here. We can set date we can click on this plus and minus to set the date and when we click on set the date will be set. Here in previous one the date was February 23. Now on clicking the change button this pop up appears on this I have set April 20. So when I will click on the set button the date will change to April 20. So this is all about date picker example. Next is sliding drawer. This is something interesting. This is sliding drawer we have also seen in the notification. When the notification came and we when we dragged it down that was a sliding drawer. So it simply hides the content on the previous screen and the components which are when we drag it down. So when the all those components which are there on the upper screen now will be displayed. It contains a handle. It is a there is a button which is named as handle. So all the components attached to this handle will now be displayed and the previous screen will be hidden from the user. So this is the snapshot. This is the handle button. When we will drag this upward or down upward or horizontally sliding drawer can be used vertically or horizontally. This is vertically I am using. When I will drag this handle up I will see these are options. So I am not showing you the code. I will directly show you the output sliding drawer. I hope I find this. Yes here it is. This is the output of the sliding drawer. This is the handle. When I will drag this handle up I will see these buttons. I think these are not very much visible. But you can try the code yourself. When again I will click on this button handle it will again go down. Again clicking up down that is what is sliding drawer is. So I think this is the end of the session and I will summarize quickly. We saw the layouts, UI controls, menus and toast, notifications, list view, dialog box, date picker and sliding drawer at the end. These are the references. From here you can also get what I have shown. Thank you.


I'm 23 and I live in Kyoto. But I think the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off on its own. Should we be fearful of artificial intelligence and the pace at which it's progressing? Or should we fear fear itself and the risk of its stifling innovation? It will not be man or machine. Our purpose is to augment and really be in service. According to a recent report published by researchers from the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, Open AI and the Electronic Frontier Foundation, there's an assortment of ways AI could go wrong and in the not so distant future. Focusing on what could happen in the next, say, five to ten years, the paper draws attention to what may seem like more prosaic concerns than, for instance, a global takeover by humanoid robots with superintelligence. But whether advances in AI lead to a rise in malicious bots or the weaponizing of consumer drones, just two of the risks listed in the report, we can't help but fear what we don't understand. So, to begin, the experts weigh in. Is artificial intelligence actually intelligent? I'm Kai Fu Li. I run Sinovation Ventures. It's a high-tech venture capital firm in China. My name is Fei Fei Li. I'm a professor and director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab. I'm also currently at Google on my sabbatical from Stanford. I am Jennifer Juscott, co-founder and principal of Radium Partner and Radium Blockchain Venture. A lot of people ask about AI and weather intelligence. I think today's AI, based on the current state of the arts, artificial intelligence is really more of an optimizer. It's not intelligent in the same sense that we think of humans as intelligent. We acquire knowledge, we abstract, we create. There's emotion involved and there is judgment involved and there is creativity involved. Prosto may knowledge common sense and ability to argue, the ability to understand humor and also self-awareness and compassion. Today's machine intelligence is far from that level of complexity. It's probably not most useful if we generalize AI. AI is an umbrella term from machine learning to deep learning to NLP, which is natural language processing. To reinforcement learning, there are many different technologies coming into this umbrella. And right now we're at the stage where AI is very good at doing one single task, well, concentrating the task and repeating the task really, really well. The consensus among these experts is that AI is far from reaching human general intelligence. Currently, AI is a collection of techniques which cleverly uses maths to create the appearance of intelligence. That, along with the appearance of emotional intelligence, shows that we need to build an ethical compass into these systems or, at the least, developers have to use one in order to avoid unanticipated outcomes. But wherever this may be heading, the march of progress shows few signs of slowing down. And who's at the forefront of these advances? Kaifu Li names the internet giants holding the largest amounts of user-generated data, companies such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft, as well as Baidu, Tencent, and Alibaba. It's important to note that of these seven companies, four are American and three Chinese, a near-even split revealing just how fiercely competitive the field of AI has become. Over the summer, the Chinese government pledged to become the world's primary AI innovation centre by 2030. Though the US still leads in terms of private investment, experts suggest that several key factors may enable China to push ahead. I think it's quite interesting to see the duopoly between US and China. China is very interesting. It's my home country and I see you with lots of energy where things are in China. If we look at the top 100 people in AI, US probably has 80, UK and Canada probably have 15. China might have two. On the other hand, China has four things going for it. Number one is that China has a huge, very strong engineering education and a mass of people with fantastic engineering training who are already able and willing to jump into AI. Its economy is very entrepreneurial right now, so there's an embracement of new technology and new ideas and that is a very fertile playground for new technology. The third reason is the vast amount of data. Data is the fuel for AI and China has more data than anybody else. Three times more data because of three times more mobile users compared to the United States. It's actually 10 times more data in terms of ordering takeout, 50 times more data in terms of mobile payments. The fourth would be that there's a lot of support both top-down and bottom-up in the society for AI technology and education. The government will put billions of dollars, not at the country level but at the first city level to help subsidize AI companies. A land takeoff and also bring back overseas talent. I think the two countries no doubt have become AI superpower but they are two very different beasts. In US we have companies like Boston Dynamics, DeepMind now is effectively an American company and you have companies like Handsome Robotics, etc. What they are producing is very inspiring, it's very futuristic. Some might argue it's slightly scary, especially with Boston Dynamics, when you see that robotics can do all this. At the same time, most of the people, including myself, we haven't really seen their products being used by everyone. And the difference in China is the engineers and developers in China are very practical. If what they are developing cannot be commercialized in the next year or two, they will not develop it. And in the US you see very advanced research being very well funded, that's probably going to be playing a dominant role in the next 10, 15, 30 years. One such American endeavor showing promise is being led by Rita Singh and her team of researchers at Carnegie Mellon. They're building AI-powered technology that analyzes the human voice. Why? Their voices carry a lot of valuable information. Indeed, so much information that Singh can construct a three-dimensional image of a person's face by studying the voice alone. Your voice carries a lot of information about you, an enormous amount of information.  This information is embedded at very, very fine levels, micro levels in the speech signal. This technology, says Singh, could have many applications in medicine and is already being employed by law enforcement to help identify criminals, not only would it likely reshape the future, but also perhaps the past. I was curious to know what made Hitler so powerful. Was it because he said the right things? He was at the right place at the right time. I think the speculation is that it might have been something in his voice. And so I picked up Hitler's voice and the first thing I discovered that there were signs of Parkinson's. He would hold his fists clenched like this. That was to hide a small tremor that he had developed. And from that kind of evidence, people have speculated that he might have had Parkinson's. So what's the likelihood that he had Parkinson's? I think 100% from his voice. I've seen it in his voice. It's clear. How does the AI behind voice profiling fit into the big picture? With its incredible power and potential for misuse, this technology reveals the urgency in establishing best practices across the field. As the use of AI in criminal justice is just one of the ways in which injustice has been recognized from the use of biased data sets. But returning to the original question of whether or not AI is on track towards achieving superintelligence, that remains to be seen. AI is such a young field. It's only about 60 years old from ground zero to where we are today. From that point of view, we have come a long way. I think it's better to think about artificial intelligence as a single domain optimizer. And that in itself has huge implications, but it is not human or encompassing intelligence, which we call artificial general intelligence. There's various disagreements and debates on whether artificial general intelligence is ever possible and how long it will take. I'm personally a pessimist on achieving that level of intelligence, and I am an optimist on even today's single domain narrow intelligence creating huge societal impact. Artificial intelligence is about learning and making the right decisions using what you've learned. We are at a point where we have the understanding now to do this, and therefore we are in the new AI era.


Anthony, starting year two, but I want to go back to year one. What's the most important lesson you learned during your rookie year? I think just learning through going through it and every day was something new. And I got to be with the guys that obviously had so much experience and couldn't have been better taking me into the team and helping me through my rookie season. So I think just every day was something new. And I think in the long run I couldn't be more grateful for lessons I heard a lot the hard way and I wouldn't trade that now looking back. One thing we've noticed about you is your humility. You're a humble guy but in talking to a lot of people in spring training they've said Anthony is going to be this much better in year two. Why do you think that you're going to be better in year two? What are some of the areas that you feel you can improve in? Thank you. I think just my consistency. I feel like if I could put myself in better positions in everything in the field, in the box, on the base pass then I think it could really be impactful for the team. And at the end of the day I feel like I could definitely find different spaces over the course of a game or the course of a season that could help make a difference. You've been quoted as saying you prepared in the off season to play for 162 games but I think that you really would like to play in 162 games. How much of is that a goal for you to be out there every day? Yeah I'd say growing through the whole off season I was what I trained for and what I prepared for and I just want to be physically ready to do it and as the season goes hopefully I'll be able to push a little harder on certain things but I feel like if last year showed me anything it's that I was ready to go and I think with the work I've been keeping able to put in with the volume I accumulated and different stuff like that that I want to be able to do it. You've talked about wanting to flatten your swing why was that necessary? Why did you think that adjustment is something you had to try and do for this year? Yeah I mean I wouldn't really necessarily know if flatten is the right word but I just wanted to get on on playing or on the path of the pitch a lot more and I just think it gives you a lot more margin for error and like I said I think with the consistency I mean as good as the greatest hitters are nobody's perfect and I just figured that the more area of impact I had and the more success I'd have and when you're not perfect I think that's where a lot of a lot of the games played. How much of that is countering what pitchers were trying to do to you last year because they did seem to go up in the zone a lot and is this a way for you to counter what they were trying to do to you? Yeah I mean I'd say a lot of it is just me controlling what I feel like I can do and if I feel like I'm putting myself in a position to be able to cover just the pitches I should be able to cover then I think they have to make another adjustment but when you're not forcing them you're not earning your pitches and they could really do whatever they want so I just want to make sure that I'm covering what I need to cover. Final question opening day is still more than three weeks away but how excited are you how enthusiastic are you when I even mention those two words opening day? Yeah you definitely try and be in the present and treat every day the same and you obviously do but with the guys we have and with the energy we have in the clubhouse I think everyone wants to get going.


So, we have a project that is open source PLC. So, you all might be knowing what is PLC. So, the PLC is a special type of computer that is usually being used in industrial applications. The open source PLC is microcontroller based PLC which can be programmed using open source software like LD micro and Baltic programming. So, we are using right now is LD micro. The objective of this project is to develop a hardware setup for the PLC. So, we have already designed few experiments for this open source PLC. We are using Arduino Uno as a programmer board and we have performed around seven experiments using Arduino Uno and we are going to build a virtual lab for this open source PLC to make it accessible remotely from various places by students or anyone who is interested to work on PLCs. And one more objective is to teach this ladder programming in polytechnics and ITI colleges where actually in many of the polytechnic and ITI colleges there is PLC which is taught only theoretically not practically. So, we are going to build a low cost hardware setup for that so that it can be taught in those colleges. These are MDHC programming for programming the hardware setup and Arduino programming and interfacing various sensors and various basic objects with Arduino Uno and that is all and the next project is sila solution.