So, it's the weekend and I am off to visit clients in jail.  It's probably the equivalent of going to get through the airport to get on a flight.  Once you get into the jail, you got to go to the proper building. Once you get to the proper building, you got to be escorted by a corrections officer up to the holding area, then you got to wait in that holding area, the interview area where they're going to bring the guy down to talk to you and chairs aren't comfortable. You don't have a phone, takes 30, 45 minutes, sometimes you can get into the spot to meet the guy.  Something else I want to talk about at jail is while I was there, I had the opportunity to see a couple of people being bonded out probably on less serious traffic charges or minor charges, whatever they were. Being their excitement about getting out of jail is great. They're happy to get out of jail, but they have no idea for the most part what's in store for them in the criminal charge and all the court paperwork and court appearances and the degree of stress that the criminal charge is going to have in their life over the next upcoming months. When people walk out of jail, they tend to have this sense of relief because their instant gratification of I'm finally out is satisfied and they kind of rest back and get easy and they forget that they need to take active steps pretty quick in hiring an attorney because there's a lot more stuff that needs to be done. Getting out of jail is just the first step in the process. That's my tip for the day. If you get arrested for whatever reason, consult with an attorney as soon as you get out of jail or shortly a day or so after you get out of jail, don't sit back and wait for your arraignments. There's a lot of stuff that can be done in between arraignment or when you get out of jail and that first court appearance to start working on your case. Best of luck. God bless.


Joe Rogan has finished his recent carnivore diet challenge gloating on Instagram with a chiseled physique at 52 years of age Let's take a look at the recent post. I did the carnivore diet for all of January. I lost 12 pounds Gained a ton of energy my energy levels were completely flat the whole month No ups and downs from crashing after eating.  I lost my love handles I don't know if I'm gonna keep eating like this, but it was tremendously beneficial and I also have an autoimmune disorder It's called vitiligo and my vitiligo improved.  I went into this thing thinking this carnivore diet was wacky and I probably would think it's nonsense, but It's as good as I felt in a long time What he isn't gloating about is the amount of steroids HRT performance enhancing drugs. He is injecting into his tushy guys There's a reason you don't see anyone looking like that let alone at 52 People don't have access to and can't afford the drugs Is the carnivore diet being promoted by special interest platforms like Joe Rogan better than a standard American diet? Of course it is the public However needs to be aware of controlled opposition a controlled opposition is a protest movement That is actually being led by government agents nearly all governments in history have employed this technique to trick and subdue their Adversaries notably Vladimir Lenin who said the best way to control the opposition is to lead it ourselves The carnivore diet brings up a whole bunch of issues that these people refuse to address Some of which I am certain would have killed me You know a few years from now if I did not fix them the several we mentioned in the videos this past week are Estrogen in meat from agrochemicals Disruption of the endocannibinoid system through omega-6 feedlot meats and imbalanced mineral ratio because of too much beef pork or chicken and something not spoken about enough gut health and What happened to me specifically that was so dangerous was iron overload in my liver Aka a chunk of steel in my stomach think about what Joe is portraying here a juiced up 52 year old that eats meat Same with a large portion of the people promoting the carnivore diet a bunch of guys using steroids to help mask the effects of an Astrogenic feedlot diet and poor lifestyle if you aren't aware of the amount of money Moolah cash in male enhancement and testosterone replacement You might want to wake up this is billions if not trillions of dollars more so in men in their 30s 40s and onward But even now in the younger generation due to these soy boy epidemic They pollute the water with birth control food supply with atrazine not to mention Dozens of other estrogenic endocrine disruptors completely destroying testosterone production your testosterone tanks You can't get your PP up. You spend hundreds of dollars on doctors Troubleshooting problems maybe hundreds of dollars on testosterone boosting supplements hundreds of dollars on a personal trainer hours at the gym training to get healthier to know Avail point is you're spending a boatload of money trying to feel normal something I believe that should be a natural human right It's why I work so hard to educate people on health and make them aware of these corporate schemes Finally you find TRT testosterone replacement as a solution You're taking various drugs that are making pharmaceutical companies boatloads of money more so in the US as it's a for-profit medical system Yeah, it's pretty criminal. Other countries have very affordable options from what I've heard Not that Frankie boy can afford to leave the United States driving his 2001 for tours Then the testosterone replacement you're taking causes you to start losing your hair Guess what back to the doctor buying supplements paying for treatments more money in the pockets of billion dollar industries? You finally give up you go to that doctor He prescribes you with some type of hair loss drug Putting all your faith in the system that has sucked you into this rabbit hole of stress and unhappiness What happens next you get depressed from the drug or you get depressed because the drug doesn't work Maybe that drug causes your pee pee not to work again back to the doctor for anti-depressants anti-anxiety medications Viagra Whatever it may be more money and power to the system You guys doubted me last summer when I said the corn of wars were paid chills But you don't have to look too far to see this is what has already been happening Is there an element of needing to boost meat sales very likely in every market? I've been to supermarket farmers market Whatever it is there's been shopping carts loaded with plant-based slop and shelves full of meat going bad Of course It's hard to say what's been going through the heads of big agriculture these past few dozen years outside of generalizations One thing we know for sure is they're trying to make a ton of money They stuffed us full of corn and soy slop to make America obese in the form of packaged foods They fed that same corn and soy to feed the animals beef pork and chicken now They're repackaging these foods into healthy plant-based alternatives into the carnivore diet But the demonization of meat likely came from these companies in the first place now These same companies started doing so well with the plant-based marketing that the meat industry started suffering Now were there any attempts before the carnivore diet to increase meat sales? I'm sure some stuff can be dug up But they are definitely going all in on this corn of war scam Fox News Joe Rogan podcast mainstream media controlled opposition is far too obvious and Is it really about Selling people this feedlot beef because the meat's going bad on the shelves or is it the more sinister agenda of making money in the Long-term through the testosterone replacement supplements through you know people losing their hair keeping people in the system I have a feeling as usual Frankie boy was right Thank you guys for joining me if you could please like the video subscribe Hit that bell icon and above all guys, please share the video So if you guys want to support me further definitely check out my book the ancestral and indigenous diet in the description below You can also go to Frankie syringe meat for high quality nutrient-dense animal foods at the most affordable price online You can go to Frankie's naturals for minimal ingredients minimally processed hygiene and cosmetic products And if you'd like to reach out to me for one-on-one health consultations Frank dash to final calm you guys enjoy the rest of your Friday Have a good night


Today I'll talk about chapter 7 again about diversity and inclusion and in this clip I will dive into the psychological theories that lead to making distinctions between people. So basically what leads to discrimination and what leads to inclusion? After this clip you will understand the following. First I will dive into this very important concept of stereotypes and how that kind of rules all of us. Then I'll elaborate on this idea of stereotypes by going into social cognitions. So how does your mind actually work and why do stereotypes keep hindering us or helping us? Then I will dive into social identity theory in short SIT that talks about how stereotypes and also determine who you are and how that helps us to understand who we are in the world. And then finally I will dive into inclusion and then in particular into the theory that says that everybody needs to feel appreciated also by being a little bit unique. So like that let's first start and have a look at stereotypes, talking about other people. So in the scientific definition stereotypes are defined as socially shared sets of beliefs about traits that are characteristics of members of a social category. And we can all think of stereotypes of people from another country about old people, young people. Just read a few of the examples that are here in pictures and you'll have an idea about which stereotypes can be triggered. For example when somebody tells you that at the age of 16 she had a child, she must be a slut. So these kind of associations are called stereotypes and they are triggered quite fast. So why do stereotypes exist and why do people use stereotypes? In this lecture I will show you that there are two main reasons why stereotypes exist and are used. The first one has to do with cognition. It is a way to produce information in an effective way and to make sure that we can act quickly upon the things that we see. So it facilitates effective dealing with information in the world around us. I will talk about social cognition theory there. Also stereotypes about other people say something about ourselves. So it is a way to define who we are as a person. It is a way to maintain our self-esteem. And these kind of group cognitions are explicated in social identity theory, which I will discuss after discussing the mind itself. So what happens in your mind when you see people that are of another group? Social cognition is the research domain that dives into how the mind processes information and how people can actually live. Your mind is a really complex thing. Actually many things that happen in your mind don't happen in a conscious way. I don't need to think about how I talk each time. It is kind of automated. When I respond I can just speak. I don't need to activate the entire language processing before I can do that. And many, many other things are automated.  If you get up in the morning you know the way to the bathroom.  They help to just live. They help to efficiently process information.  So for example imagine a situation that you get up in the morning in another house and then for a moment you are entirely confused because you can't remember and step into your normal routine. So at that moment your mental schema about your morning routine is disturbed. Consciously process information, think where am I? Where is the bathroom? So these kind of things illustrate that the shortcuts about what the world looks like is not necessarily always the right way that we should process the information. A small example also illustrates that when something unexpected happens we are suddenly aware of these unconscious assumptions, these unconscious mental models that we have and then we need to rethink. And the good thing is that we are able to do so. So we can adjust our mental schemas to judge the world around us. So I talked about your morning routine. You can do the same about finding your keys. You probably all ran into the situation where you thought your keys were in the place where you put them usually and then they are not there. And then all of a sudden you need to rethink where have I been? Where did I drop them today? So the examples I gave up to now are about the material world around us or just your own behavior. But we also have these schema when it comes to judging and dealing with other people and there it becomes tricky. The stereotypes also used to make sense of the world around us. A key thing here is an attribution. We see something and in order to know how to relate to what we see we use a schema that explains what we see. And this is what we call an attribution.  You're already making attributions. This is a weird person. Why doesn't he show his face or sheep? Because it's hooded the thing. So your mind already starts to make all these assumptions about the behavior of this person and also the intentions of this person. So in your mind you already think, hmm, this might be a shoplifter. And you don't know anything. This person hasn't done anything yet. But just by your mind makes you aware that there might be a threat. It might be dangerous. So attributes is an example of a negative one. It can also be positive. So these are favorable or unfavorable dispositions towards social objects, such as people or groups and places and policies. And attributes, like I said, they add meaning to what you see. They help you to understand what is happening and what the causes are for what you see. An important thing is also if you can sometimes think that people behave because they are who they are or because of the situation. So you can attribute it to a person or to their situation. Stereotypes are a form of attributes. They are these cognitive structures that provide the knowledge and the beliefs and the expectations about other people, about individuals, based on their social group membership. And they are triggered in a fraction of a second. And I'm going to show you an example that happened a few years ago. So like in many countries, we have in the Netherlands a rap scene and Typhoon is one of the most famous rappers in the Netherlands. He's very much valued, appreciates real artists. However, it happened to him that he was stopped on the highway because he drove a very big car and he's a colored man. So the assumption or the stereotype that was triggered his holdup at the road was that this was maybe drugs money involved. Typhoon being popular and well-known was the moment that he opened his window and the police recognized him. They apologized and also later they acknowledged that in fact this profiling was indeed the reason why they stopped him. Typhoon then felt the need to for once talk about it in the news and it raised a whole discussion about how certain minority groups in society are negatively stereotypes and that this again and again leads to situations in which they have to reason that they are not in the wrong here and you can imagine how that makes the minority people in this case feel. So stereotypes are an important way to function effectively. However, the consequences is that we treat people that fit the stereotype or we can treat people that fit the stereotype in a stereotypical way. So how does it work? When is the stereotype activated and when can you keep it quiet? Like I said, stereotypes are activated in split seconds. If you think that you don't do this, try for yourself. There's this Harvard project of implicit stereotyping. You can see the link in the slide and there are all these little tests. You'll be surprised even if you think that you're your woke as hell that you are very much also thinking along stereotypical lines. How does it work in reality in social interactions? So the moment you're confronted with somebody who is different, you first need to realize that that person is different from the rest. So we call this a salience. As you can see in the picture of the white sheep, the black sheep stands out because he's completely different from the other sheep. So in that case, imagine that this is a person in a group of homogenous other persons. The stereotype about this black sheep are activated. So this is obviously more the case for individuals that belong to minority groups than to majority groups. So the chance to stand out in a homogenous group is larger if you belong to a minority group than for a majority group. The stereotype holds expectations about who people are and what they do and what they should do. So stereotype believes about how people who belong to a minority group they are activated and they also influence how we react to those people.  And you're obviously the youngest person in the room. That will trigger stereotypes about younger people. So the conversation that you will have with these elderly women will be about your representation of young folks. You work with mobile phones and you are these digital people. So this is a kind example of a stereotype but you can imagine that there are many situations in which the stereotypes hold negative associations and that they hinder people in functioning well at work. So this is what we call the stereotype threat. The stereotype is activating a process that happens after a difference becomes salient and then this behavior starts. Stereotype threat means that those who observe the difference will respond to that person as being a member of that particular group of this particular minority and disregard all the uniqueness of that person. A risky thing is that the salience also influences how this minority person in a group starts to behave. There is a risk that this individual starts to act in accordance to the stereotype. So back to the birthday party where you are the youngest one. They have an age difference of at least 50 years and you will feel young, you will feel apart. There is a lot of research that shows that when people start acting according to their stereotype they are actually, especially in organizations when it comes to moving to higher ranks, that they disqualify themselves by behaving in a minority stereotypical way. This is one of the explanations why women, for example, are less inclined to be willing to work in the higher ranks of the organizations and then the debate was this is a sticking floor, women don't want to grow. Interesting discussions. So stereotype threat influences the behavior and the decisions in organizations. So let's turn to an example how that might work. There is a famous experiment about the fake CV experiment that is called. So research shows that there are gender and racial biases for both men and women in the preference for job applicants just based on the name of the applicant. So the fake CV experiment uses exactly the same CV. So these people have the same job experience, they apply for the same job, they have no difference whatsoever. And the only thing they do in the CV is change the name. So in this case you see John and Barbara, but you could also use a foreign name. You could also maybe change the age in the CV. So there are many different ways in which you can design an experiment. And in all these experiments, everybody, no matter who you are, men and women, ethnic, non-ethnic, they all have a preference for the white male. This is interesting, isn't it? So this is strong evidence how stereotypes, even if we think that we don't use them and we do use them. So what can we do about it? We overcome stereotypes. How can organizations help their employees to overcome stereotypes? Because mind it, if you want to be a diverse organization or if you just want to make sure that diverse groups work well together, then you have to work on amending the stereotypes about each other. So what we know, as long as stereotypes are implicit, if we don't discuss them, they will influence our behavior and the behavior of others. So remember when we talked about the daily routine and the keys, we need to activate the cognitive scheme that belongs to a stereotype, like we need to activate the place where we locate our keys. We need to disrupt the existing schema to make sure that there is attentive information processing and that the stereotype is at the discussion and that they will actually look at the person. So what does this person bring in relation to the task that they are doing? So how do we do this in organizations? So we can work on updating the stereotypes, for example, by intervention methods such as offering training. What really helps is to diversify the communication in the organization. So if there is a picture of the board of your organization doing important things, make sure that this board is visibly diverse because that demonstrates that everybody can be a top manager. Increase the visibility of minority members in the organization. So these are examples that help to overcome stereotypes and to build a more inclusive organizational environment. So that was it about cognitive processing. I'm going to move on to group processes where still the stereotypes play a very important role. So in the coming slides I will talk about social identity theory. And social identity theory is important because it helps us to define who we are. The processes in how we talk about others, how we relate to others, these also help us understand for ourselves who we are. However, there's a downside to these group processes that is that they can also lead to excluding others. So in this process of defining ourselves, we may unconsciously exclude other people and discriminate. So what is social identity theory? I'll read and explain. So people define themselves, and how you define themselves is called your social identity or your identity, by relating to groups to which you belong. So I define myself as a woman, I define myself as a scholar, an academic, I define myself as a mother. So this is kind of the part of the groups to which they are me. This is who I am. It also directly indicates that the definition of who I am, I need groups, other groups, I need groups to define who I am. So my social identity is grounded in being a member of social groups. And we need to also compare to feel good about ourselves.  And we know from minimal group paradigm theory that the moment you tell people that they are part of a group, so you can divide a classroom in small groups, and you have these groups, the side names, the moment that these people are together, they feel better than the other groups. So this feeling good is an outcome of being a member of a group. And you define this feeling good by saying that the others are worse. Of course you can feel, there's a gut feeling, that the moment you start to define yourself as a group member and also say that your group is the best, then discrimination is bound to happen. So just to summarize, what are the key elements of this social identity theory? It starts with me, self. I want to feel good about ourselves. Everybody wants to feel good about themselves. And we also look for clues that make us feel good about ourselves. If we were continuously looking to stay with the example that women are less good and that mothers are terrible and that academics, they are worthless, that is not really good for yourself as a team. So what you do is you try to keep this feeling that you're proud of your groups and you try to find clues from the environment about you that that's actually the case, that you are a good group. So social identity theory tells you who you are. It helps also to identify the other groups that you feel member of and that determines altogether what your social identity is. So where do you stand in society? Like said, the moment you define yourself as a member of a certain group that means that you categorize all the others as well. Are they a member of my group? Are they not? Members of my group, they are the good ones. They are the best. And the members who are not in my group, they perform less. They are just lesser people. Actually, if you research these distinctions about people who are in the out group who are not in your inner circle, they can be quite rude and they are full of stereotypes. And this keeps happening because we need these stereotypes to make a big gap to avoid that these people might be similar to us and that make our feeling good about ourselves a little bit more tricky. So I put it a bit to the extreme, but it has been researched a lot and this is literally what happens. So the moment you put people together in a group, the group logic starts to work, you identify with that group and you start to exclude other people. This may be useful in organizations when it comes to competition and the organization as a whole. You want the organization members to be part of this group. However, it becomes problematic if within units or within departments employees feel that they are a member of different non-work related groups and that is the case when people start complaining about discrimination and when it's actually probably also happening. So from social identity theory we control a couple of lessons when it comes to working in organizations, especially to prevent discrimination. In organizations it is really important to work on defining what is a group, team building exercises, making sure that all the thinking in us is work related so that there are no risks, that there are these fault lines between ethnic or demographic differences. So make sure that everybody, however diverse from a demographic perspective feel part of us in the team. And that means focusing on work, on meaningful work, make work related characteristics very salient, highlight good performance and make sure that this is diverse. Also what really helps is to apply inclusive management and inclusive communication styles similar to what we discussed in the talk about overcoming stereotypes. A last word I wanted to say about inclusion and inclusion theories. So we discussed a little bit in this chapter why discrimination is not allowed, so exclusion and the different things you can do to make sure that people for minority groups are integrated in the organization so that they have the same procedures and that they have the same possibility to end somewhere. But to really benefit as a whole organization from everybody's talents, you really need to work on making sure that everybody feels appreciated. Not that everybody feels assimilated because that will still make people feel that they are maybe less or maybe others feel that they are slightly better. You really need to work on the social inclusion of everybody. And this is reasoned in the so-called optimal distinctiveness theory. In short, the theory says that every individual has two needs. The first need is to belong to a social group. Read the organization. And the second need is within this group they want to feel appreciated for who they are. So imagine that you are a close group of friends and you identify as a group and you have been through better and worse times. And then one of the members speaks up and comes out as being gay. A good group of friends which shows optimal distinctiveness will say, cool, celebrate it and move on. Another group will say that it's more for the integration and you can be who you are but not in our group. So here in this group we are just friends so we don't talk about it. So these are two differences. The outcome may be the same, the person may be included but you can imagine that in the first instance the person will feel much more appreciated and more motivated to contribute to the group. So inclusion is the diversity management practices that help to reduce bias and keep personal decision-making moments. However, diversity management is unlikely to alter day-to-day relational sources of discrimination that impacts people, experience of inclusion. So you really, really, really need to manage inclusion. It's not going to happen automatically. Examples of inclusion practices it starts with preventing discrimination but then on top of that make sure that you promote the value of diversity and inclusion. Make sure that there is a climate of inclusion that everybody feels appreciated for who they are. So wrap up. Now you know that a salient's diversity characteristics will trigger stereotypes. We can't do anything about that. These relate to our social identity, us and them. Stereotyping may lead to discrimination and discrimination we know from research has huge negative outcomes for individuals but it also has negative outcomes for organizations both from an ethical but also from a performance perspective. To change stereotypes we need to use multiple communication channels to make people aware and to prevent discrimination and we need to also celebrate diversity and manage inclusion. That's it.


saw a hut and I thought I could steal it from Scott but his spearman beat me to it so I guess the best I can do now is hang out over there and menace him get some ruins along the way I'll need a real unit here pretty early but like I said I'm gonna build a moderate military pretty early in the game so it should be fine this guy can grab this that guy won't come out probably circle back this way protect the worker and after I build the worker I'll probably build a hoplite first I guess I can't build it first cuz I'll need copper no need that that's right hoplites I can just build experiment so I'll just build the hoplite and then I'll be good I want like three or four hoplites so that should have revealed horses on the map and sure enough check it out one two three there are horses within reach of Athens so some companion cavalry is going to stream around this way in the near future just drop Scott's trade and just sort of menace I'm just gonna try to menace him and keep him bottled up long enough to build a city somewhere here maybe maybe like there even though this guy's pregnant to get that to the city the city state I might just bulk up I'm not gonna conquer any city states because that's my power so I might just make this an ally this will basically just be a city of mine so if I'm gonna menace Scott I could build one up here but then I won't have a city connection which will be annoying so I might actually end up building a city here let's see what's down this way though because down here might be a good spot for a city too it's also worth noting that he has a power where his units are stronger like his regular units are stronger in the water more canoe and he also cares amphibious assault I believe so I'm actually my best interest to not build any of my cities other than Athens on the coast so I think I'm gonna build one down here somewhere we'll see what resources pop up but I see that citrus peeking as for research since I got the horses I kind of want to get to my companion cavalry pretty quick which would be going over here that would also be giving up on getting the Great Library and I don't want to give up on that necessarily but it was a disaster when Scott built it last time so I think let's see so I'm gonna need calendar actually need calendar at some point relatively soon only masonry for this but I already got mining I think I can avoid that maybe we can just rush these guys early trapping doesn't get me anything yet but I don't want to keep filling these out actually do want to push into something get into the classical era sooner rather than later I'll go for actually building that hoplite I talked about and actually finding iron which will inform where I build these cities it's actually kind of crucial so I can't build the city I wanted to build originally since Lhasa is going to grow I need to know where the iron is and the horses are and then I can make the best decisions bronze working it is play to my strengths so it looks like Scott also got a unit upgrade out of a hut but I have a hoplite and he only has a spear man so his capitals down here I'm gonna chase this guy up and hope I can keep him at bay thus leaving him pretty much unable to settle because I don't think I'll have any other military units yet maybe he's building a scout so I gotta keep this guy away and hope that barbarians harass here so we can't actually safely get a worker or a settler out meanwhile he's gonna take that I guess I could declare war on him now and just start harassing sure they're nicely weakened maybe I can just force the game to a quick conclusion oh I can ignore that guy shall the clay say to him that fashion it appears that my immortal enemy is having some trouble with barbarians and I am not going to assist here I'm actually gonna retreat from these barbarians I was fighting his spearmen up here but he was able to salvage it by getting an opportune level up used it to heal I didn't want to just have I didn't want to risk losing this guy so I just kind of moved around I'm letting him fight the barbarians I've scouted this area out and I'm gonna settle up here probably pretty quick just to deny him this area I'm still vaguely thinking if I could sneak a guy over here and settling like here or here there's a very interesting spot to settle I'm kind of limited by the edge of the map but there's stone there's iron if I put it I guess I have to put it like here not really gonna get those truffles unfortunately but there's silk here so I could put it here and it basically just be a base of operations for wars but instead I'm gonna move this guy down here and just start exploring this bottom part of the map meanwhile I finally got a troop here so these scouts actually are doing an admiral job of protecting my dudes especially this guy here and I'm just gonna keep using them to keep these barbarians at bay this hop lights probably not gonna stray too far from here until I build a settlement down here which I gotta go send these scouts and explore shortly you can say I'm pushing along I'm gonna play war I'm just gonna have a war-driven society and I'm gonna push culture to so that I can pretty rapidly fill this out first at least I'm gonna get that one I want I can't have that many military units I'm not gonna play a big economic game like it did last time so my plan is to have a small number of very experienced units I don't mind if I can do it I want to never lose a military unit in this particular game so I'm actually gonna take this one next then this one so I can get here for the culture I'll go if Scott attacks me I'm gonna go here otherwise I might not even bother finishing this out I'll only finish this out if I've made it to here don't really care about the final one I don't think faith is gonna be useful to buy more great generals and that one's not super important it'll be useful but we'll see in terms of demographics Scott's population is pretty low now remember I've only got four here so Scott must have significantly less I actually can't see his capital but he's got about half what I have just forgot two citizens as opposed to four so I don't know what he's doing I mean I haven't actually leveled up any farmland I just pushed this guy here wonder if he's meddling with the citizens suboptimally I'm already beating them I got a little bit more manufacturing I got more crop yield so my troops will just my population my population will be troops just continuing to grow I've got more land probably that means I push culture before he did he probably built a scout first or another warrior that are he probably built something else early instead of a instead of a monument because well I can find out for sure 79 130 yeah so my land is bigger because I pushed culture so this expanded more meaning I have more access to food stuff it's not looking great for Scott already I'm gonna harass the hell out of him and I'll have enough of a military over here to expand and build a second city pretty quick if there's a good spot for a city I'm building here first if this is a mediocre spot then I'm gonna build over here first and meanwhile this guy is gonna sweep around this way and explore and get all the huts and then come back around and pester pester pester and I'm gonna try to just build a moderately sized army just tried to gain experience killing these barbarians and then just be over here ready to harass Scott


So this is a temperature humidity sensor sometimes called DHT sensors there's like a bunch of different models blue white whatever they all have different accuracies and all that but what they do is they look for temperature and humidity and give you with those numbers when we went over water sensors in this recent video I want to take my sensor and slowly insert it into the water as I'm putting it into the water you can see it going between medium low high just jumping around we saw that when water was touching the sensor and when air was touching the sensor it would go between those so let's say 20% was water and other 80% was air it would give us a reading that would be able to tell the water height and how much water was in that water bowl on that sensor when air was touching it it was saying that there was no water in this case we're trying to sense for water in the air so we have to go with something a lot more sensitive and inside this blue piece are here stick with me for a second it's a bit of a weird analogy but pretty much have a burger you have two buns and then you have a big piece of meat inside the way the humidity sensor works is very similar it has two electrodes that put out electricity and in between them to have this like absorbent material that isn't too resistant to electricity on its own and when there's water in the air it gets soaked into this very sensitive very absorbent tiny tiny tiny little fabric and through that and seeing how much electricity is flowing through and how resistant or how not resistant it is it's able to give us a value that we can turn to a percentage for humidity in the air one thing to note is if you're ever getting zero or a hundred percent something's probably wrong unless you're underwater or you're in space the temperature of sensing part is called a therm resistor which stands for a thermally sensitive resistor and it's actually super sensitive what i think what i found with this one is when i was testing it let's say here on the desk and then i would take it like to an ac and put it right in front of the ac with cold air coming out it took a bit of time to adjust to that cold air it's almost like it was hot and it took time to cool down like i started at 23 celsius and every second it would drop about 0.1 0.2 and then about a minute or two later it would get to the actual temperature that was coming out at the ac the humidity though was accurate the whole time what you're going to need for this project is your sensor you're going to need a couple cables here i have three of them since mine's a three pin if you have a four pin or a different model maybe it's white not blue just look for an example on how to wire it up if you don't have a board on yours and it's just a blue piece most likely you're going to have to build the board yourself like put a resistor and do all that i'll put a picture up on the screen what that looks like and if you have one of those i can always give you a link to a good example that can teach you how to do that uh you don't need to have one but i'm going to use a breadboard just for simplicity instead of sticking the cables straight into the sensor i'm going to stick the sensor in the board and then from the board wire the cables to the arduino which we have right here we're going to be using the same one as always in arduino uno and then just a power cable to go to the pc you got three cables we're going to be using blue for ground red for power and brown for signal look at our sensor let me focus it we have an s here on the left so that means the first cable is going to be signal and then usually it's followed by power and ground if you're using a sensor always check which one's which because it would be really bad if you put power into ground and ground it to power so we're going to plug in our signal cable into the first port take our red power cable into the second one and then grab the blue one and put it into the last now that we've done this we have our cables set up we're going to plug in the blue into ground on the board there's two ports here we're going to plug in the red into the five volt and then we're going to plug in the signal into digital two you can use analog but for this example and the kind of code we're going to write we're going to use digital once you get all that just plug it into your computer open up your arduino editor and then we could write some code all right now that you have your editor open you're going to have to do a couple different things first make sure you're on the right board i have an arduino uno so i chose that one make sure you're on the right port so when you plug in your arduino and you check your port usually you'll tell you which one arduino is plugged into and then you're going to have to go to manage libraries and download the dht library so you just type in dht all capitals and this is the one we're installing right here it's by adafruit dht sensor library i'm using 1.3.10 doesn't really matter which ones you use but you have to make sure it's this specific one or else the commands we're using are not going to be accurate once you install that you're ready to go now we have to just declare a couple things so first we're going to include the library that we just installed and that's dht.h make sure you wrap this in quotes then you're going to have to define a couple things we're going to define the pin we plugged in our sensor to so we'll call it dht pin and we plugged it into port number two and then let's define the type of dht sensor we're using this is important for some reason i'm guessing just on how it reads data so if they go dht type and that's going to be dht 11 according to the library it has to be written like that with capitals and all that next we're going to actually activate the library so we're going to tell it dht again dht and then in here we can put the information that we have so the first thing would be the dht pin next thing will be the dht type you don't actually have to declare the variables you could just put it straight into here but it's good practice in case you ever need to grab those numbers again it's also easier then in our setup we're going to have to do like always serial dot begin this activates our console and then we tell it to run on this frequency or this band dht dot begin dht dot begin is going to activate the sensor or at least the code that's going to be checking the sensor and then in here we could just say started to look for temperature let's say now we can start our loop first thing we're going to do is add a delay so that every time it loops it has to wait let's make it two seconds there's actually a rated delay for these sensors that says you should be waiting over two seconds two seconds is like the lowest you should be going some people do five seconds but for the demonstration i don't want to wait five seconds every time i see a number so we'll put it at two then we got to capture a couple floats if you don't know the difference between a float and an integer floats are decimals if you still don't understand i'd recommend maybe looking at data structures a bit we're going to read humidity then we can go and capture the temperature in celsius since we're in canada but for you americans we'll go and capture in fahrenheit as well so all we have to do is call read temperature and if you put true or you put nothing that's what tells you if you want celsius or fahrenheit then all you got to do is just print all this stuff out it's a good practice to check and make sure that you're not receiving something that isn't a number and all that so we'll do that quickly so this is best practice but what we're doing here is just checking that these are actually numbers and we're not receiving something broken because if we are receiving something broken we want to tell the computer that or at least tell ourselves that so we're just going to print here a message letting us know and then we can say else and here we can actually print out our temperatures all right so what i wrote here is print h then make it equal to humidity and then we add a percentage sign at the end then we do a bunch of spaces to separate the temperature which we check for celsius and for fahrenheit and we split those up again with a couple spaces just to make it all nice on one line then all you got to do is compile it and upload it to your arduino and then we should be able to just open up looks like we made an error here just fix that looks like we made another error here my god all we got to do compile that and upload it all right now that it's uploaded you can go to your tools serial monitor or control shift m and there we go we have our temperatures being printed out on the screen i'll turn on the ac and i'll take this to the ac i can't show you guys on the camera but just pay attention on the screen and look at the values and how they change see how it's dropping every couple seconds and but very slowly that's what i was talking about earlier how it takes a couple steps to drop in temperature it's almost like it's hot right now and it needs to cool down over time so that's how a temperature humidity sensor works if you have any questions any concerns anything you'd like to see in the future please do comment below if this video helped you out you enjoyed it anything like that or you just want to help me support the channel give it a like and maybe subscribe to the channel if there's anything you'd like to see in the future thank you so much everyone for being here and i'll see you in the next one


Tony will rich and you know that the young man. They say oh gee Percy sleeping with a picture with him. I don't know if he's sleeping with him. I didn't know who the dude was until Somebody was by a scope. Did you hear about this young dude? Oh gee Percy sleeping with you openly yay for a worth crib? But I had never knew the devil.   Yeah, we gonna talk that Lathan guy. What's his name? Yeah You know, I talked to the nigga when we were locked up Yeah I hadn't really talked to five five crib since he been home But I rock with the fact of he will help in the homeless and all that. Yeah, I was this nigga doing now Versus when he left is his buzz still there or is it then? Dissimulated or how was it when you when you pulled him up did a whole bunch of people yeah He came home.  I mean that nigga's a car wreck.  Yeah, but he a cool dude. I'm gonna say he's behind the scene Talking to him before the show now.   What is an old? That's one of them old gold cans. Yeah, it's one of them golden red cans One of them.  Yeah niggas used to drink that same West Coast beer everybody's drinking everywhere, but you see them West Coast nigga with that old English most of the time But uh Dallas nigga drink that but ice and I'm 211 still reserved Yeah, that was me.   I got a check for Bobby billions nigga No, he lying. He's saying he's saying cut by You don't bother being some money So I mean, you know with that California culture is it is that California culture as you look at it from this perspective, you know There's a guy that came on my show that's the first openly gay crib like and and you've seen that Even gone around them posted him everybody posted Tony will rich Tony will Tony will rich and you know that's all right that the young man They say oh gee Percy sleeping with well. Oh gee person took a picture with him. Yeah Picture with him. I don't know if he's sleeping with him I'm gonna say I didn't know who the dude was until somebody was like a skull did you hear about this young dude? The og Percy sleep with you openly. Yay for worth crib, but I had never knew the double You know me when you go look at my inbox.  Where's the proof show me the picture? Yes. Yeah, that's right. I'm thinking well Maybe it's something else. They know I don't have Remember great he say he say Bob Bob report tricked him into taking that picture with it Oh, that's what he said.    That's what Tony real rich see That was this really one is one is certification.  It wouldn't work like that with it in the pen You went to the openly gay nigga.  Stop it for an hour. No, that's about the issue song It seems like he's growing. Okay, and what they say salute to him family I might I might throw him on one of my female shows one day. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah Yeah, cuz I don't have a number. I can get you in touch with Bob Supreme. Mm-hmm. Bob got his number Bob is his manager Bob report.   Oh, you know what I mean? It's not about talent and about talent no more man.   They'll take it anywhere. They're no cold. No cold I mean, no, I think that's for the whole game I think everybody going in that direction if you notice my see niggas do interviews now niggas gonna be a self no more, bro Niggas be on there. Just doing a while. This is them.  No, that's the fucked up It's a lot of old niggas that's involved a lot of hey look online It's a lot of old bitches right now, but neck it online.  I mean women 50 60 years old The Internet is taking over like this. I'm gonna say this though This one that will say be who you want to be It don't matter how old you are no matter what you got gonna be who you want to be but the internet, bro Everybody wants some of it. Everybody wants to fame in the cloud. It don't matter how old you are no more man Nobody cares man.  It's about clout attention fame views and Like I said, it's women out here man in their 50s and 60s But with all this clout and fame and attention Does all of this that you see happening? Does any of this equate to money for some of these people probably so probably not the kind of money that a younger Female would probably get but it's attention. It's money. Remember this miss Jamaica aiming about money no more It's about attention and clout and fame.  Let's go straight to the annoying you.  I stay in the crib with mine.  Yeah, he never know But me even take something about me. I Smoke too much gas bro. I smoke too much weed. You feel me? I'm one of the biggest smokers on YouTube.   So anywhere I go it starts to look like that I don't know why fam anywhere.  They sort of look like that


Welcome to the MarketWatch podcast by Amplify Live, where you can access the latest market insights with me, Anthony Chung, the head of market analysis, and joined by our head of trading, Piers Curran, getting you up to speed on what mattered in markets this week. Hello and welcome to the latest MarketWatch podcast Amplify Live. It's Thursday, the 1st of April, so Piers, we are recording this ahead of Good Friday and non-farm payrolls, but the episode is going to go out on Friday, just so you're fully up to speed. But episode 10, Piers, can you believe it? Yes, double figures. And to mark the occasion, I'm actually, this is the first time either of us have been broadcasting from the office. So I'm actually here in the city, playing in the action in London, I say in the action. It's not much action still, but it's nice to be here, nice to be in the office, I have to say. And with your return to the office, the S&P 500 has just hit 4,000. Absolutely. Obviously, it was tracking your movements. That's right. Global stocks bullish as Piers Curran returns to the office. That's the headline in your FT tomorrow morning. Well, look, there's kind of two main things I wanted to focus on in this specific episode. And I wanted to talk about really the two main talking points, and that being archicost capital management, and what's happened specifically there, definitely a focal point for the beginning of the week. And then midweek, yesterday, we had a disastrous debut from Deliveroo in London. And I just wanted to get your thoughts on that as well. So to kick things off, let's talk about this archicost capital. I can't say I've heard of them before this week, which is such as the nature of our jobs that I've always found interesting through my career is that there's so many funds, there's so much news, there's so much information that every day is different. And this was one of those episodes, I think, where the broader market was a little bit unknown. So a bit of context. This funding question was run by a chap called Bill Huang, who is one of several Tiger Cubs. Now, that's going to sound slightly strange if you are not familiar with the hedge fund community, for example. But these Tiger Cubs come from Tiger Management, which dates back a little bit. It was run by a very famous fund manager back in the 80s and 90s called Julian Robertson. And he wound that up basically in around 2000. But then he invested roughly around $25 million into his cub, who was Bill Huang. And he went on to grow that his own fund up to around $5 billion, actually, at its peak. But having kind of had a bit of a chance to find out a bit more. He seems like quite a colorful character in terms of his background. He basically went on to build up a pretty successful fund of his own, as I said. But then he pleaded guilty to insider trading in 2012. He had to hand over about $60 million to settle related charges. And he had to close his fund. He was also banned from trading securities in Hong Kong for four years in 2014. Separate issue. And now then he basically converted what was called Tiger Asia into a family office called Archacos in 2013. So that's how we arrived at this particular fund. So what happened, though, was last week, we saw that fire sale by prime brokerage clients for $20 billion. And this week, we've seen then that resulting in multiple billions of dollar hits for the likes of Nomura and Credit Suisse. But perhaps as you could explain a little bit about what is this $20 billion stock sale and what is a margin call? Right. Well, firstly, a lot of these big banks will have what's called prime brokerage divisions. And really, these divisions are their clients are hedge funds. And they offer every service you could possibly imagine that hedge fund needs. Okay. And a lot of that service involves financing, involves stock lending, and more and more and more. It's involved clever, I say clever, not so clever now, but complex, innovative financial solutions. One of these products is something called the Equity Total Return Swap. It's just a derivative that enables the hedge fund to essentially gain exposure to certain assets, but without having to actually own the asset. Okay. And the great thing about delivery derivatives are one of the good things. I mean, it's a bad thing if you can't control it, but one of the good things is you can get more leverage. So you can basically it's a multiplier effect in terms of your exposure to the stock. Okay. So Archegos were basically wanting to take big, long positions in certain US stocks. Okay. But instead of actually just buying the shares, they've used derivatives to leverage up their exposure. And so they've gone to a bank and their prime brokerage division and the prime brokerage division at the bank has kind of done an over the counter deals. This is a bespoke deal between the fund and the bank. Okay. And it's an Equity Total Return Swap, which basically means the product means that the fund profits if the share price goes up. Okay. The fund also gets dividends from these stocks without owning the actual equity. And then the bank will essentially pay the upside on share price. They'll pay the dividends periodically to the investor. And the investor has to pay a fee. Right. So the banks generate a fixed income. It's a fee every month for this product. Now, this is fine. And it all works apart from the fact that if the share price is dropped, then the fund has to then refund, reimburse the bank for that share price drop. Okay. Now what the bank does is they, what's called hedge this position. So the bank will typically buy these shares and have them on their book as a hedge. Okay. And then they're earning a fee from the fund. Okay. And the fund benefits if the stock goes up. Fine. And they get dividends. But if the stock goes down, the bank doesn't lose because the fund has to pay them for that downside share price. Okay. All fine on paper. Okay. However, what you've now got is what's called counterparty risk. This is all fine on paper unless the fund can't afford to pay the bank for the share price drop. And this is what happened because Archegos basically didn't just go to one bank to, you know, enter into this arrangement. They went to many banks. Okay. And they entered into massive arrangements with all the banks and no one bank knew they'd done that with other banks. And all of a sudden you've got Archegos that are massively exposed to certain US stocks. They start going down. All these banks then request a margin call. That's Archegos, you need to now pay us to cover this downside in the stock price. And Archegos are like, ah, sorry, we haven't got enough cash. And they default. And so when they default, all these banks are now just holding the shares and the share price is dropping. And they're losing money and they're losing money. So the banks are forced to sell these shares because it's such a massive position. The sell volume is huge and it just exacerbates and drives the move downwards. And of course, then you're getting algorithmic trading systems whose stops are getting triggered, which is triggering more selling. And you suddenly get this spiral down. And all of a sudden, all these banks have lost huge billions of money because they were too exposed to counterparty risk. And they weren't able to measure that risk because of the way the kind of system works at the moment. So should we be too surprised by banks by taking this type of activity in this type of environment? So I think this is definitely a function and it's been happening since the financial crisis, probably for the last 20 years basically, as regulation increases on the banking system and as the yield curve has flattened. And don't forget traditionally, a bank makes money by borrowing on the short term and lending on the long term. This is the kind of old traditional format of that bank, that lending book making money. But if the yield curve is flat, the difference between the short term and long term interest rates is tiny. So their margins on their lending books have vanished. So these banks have had to be clever about coming up with innovative ways to try and make money. But the regulator and the yield curve has basically forced them, these new ways of making money come with ever increasing risk. And its risk, these products become so complex that the risks are almost impossible to keep tabs on and measure and all of a sudden every now and then, oops, you get smashed in the face because you haven't measured the risk properly on this new thing. And then we get an episode like we did on Monday. It was interesting on Monday, there was kind of a sense of how much more was there to unwind so to speak. But it seemingly was relatively contained. Looks like most of that price action actually occurred last week. And it's just been much more delving into how and why this happened this week. But let's move on to the other big subject of the week. And I know it's something you mentioned on the podcast episode last week, and you were eagerly anticipating the performance of Deliveroo, which initially opened. It was down 31%. So talk to me, what went so wrong with Deliveroo? Yeah, well, it's easier to answer what went right, because nothing is the answer to that. I mean, literally, if I was writing a case study for the worst possible IPO, that this is it. I mean, there's quite a few elements that go into an IPO process. And literally all of them, they got wrong. I mean, it was quite shocking. But I mean, just a very briefly, we could talk about this for like two hours, but just to briefly go over the different elements, you know, fine, you've got a company and they want to go public, right? And they're raising money and look, they raised one and a half billion pounds. So Deliveroo have got their money, right? 500 million of that is going to investors like the CEO, but also actually the biggest investors, you know, the biggest investors, do you know who's walking away with 90 million of this money? No. One of the early investors in Deliveroo, Amazon. Okay. Yeah. Anyway, 500 million is going out, right? So Deliveroo have got a million pounds now and they're going to be investing that in their growth. And we'll talk about the Deliveroo business model in a minute. But really, the timing of this IPO was shocking. I mean, they couldn't have timed it worse on, I'd say, broadly two fronts. Number one, obviously their business has thrived on lockdowns because we're stuck at home and we're having to order food online. And we're just emerging. We're literally just emerging from lockdown. So it's like Deliveroo, you know, they have their positive, their business model, if you like, peaked during COVID. And now it's kind of on that downward trajectory. And you can look at DoorDash, that's the U.S. equivalent, who IPO'd last year. They had a really successful IPO because why? Well, we're in the middle of COVID. And wow, yeah, everyone's ordering from home. Great, this makes sense. I'm going to buy those shares and their shares went up. Great. But actually DoorDash, they've dropped 30% as well from their peak over the last few months. So that the timing's really bad. The other bit of the timing point, 31st of March was the day they chose to IPO. The end, the final day of the month, the final day of the quarter, and we touched on this idea of rebalancing in last week's podcast. Do you think that funds are going to touch buying new shares in what could potentially be a very volatile day right at the end of the quarter when they're rebalancing their books and having to report on their quarterly performance? So hold on, hold on a moment, though. You had Goldman's JP with Deliveroo's joint global coordinators, Bank of America City, Jeffrey's new misactors, bookrunners. They can't get that last point wrong, surely. I honestly, I cannot believe. I mean, just they could have literally just waited one more day. If they'd have done it today, the Shepard wouldn't have sold off as much. It would have sold off more. Sorry, it still would have sold off because of all the other reasons why this is a bad IPO, but it just got exacerbated. I mean, it literally cannot believe these people picked the 31st of March. Anyway, that's one thing. You then got a load of short sellers coming in. Now think about how you short sell. You need to borrow stock off banks, right? So obviously, Goldman's and JP who are leading this, they're not going to allow their clients to short sell, but then you've got a load of other banks that aren't involved. And of course, they're incentivized to make JP and Goldman's look really bad. So of course, they're very happily lending out their new Deliveroo shares to enable their hedge fund clients to go short. And the hedge funds want to go short because, hang on a minute, we're just coming out of lockdown. No one's going to be ordering Deliveroo in the months ahead because we all want to go out to the restaurant. So you've got the shortest coming in as well. Then you've got on top of that the whole sort of ethical angle. And you have some big UK funds coming out earlier this week and in the last week saying, we're not touching this and we're not touching it because one third of your riders, your staff earn less than the minimum wage. And in this day and age, we are not prepared as a fund manager in a world where ethical investing is becoming an ever bigger thing, we're not prepared to invest in a company that treats its staff in that manner. And so obviously, that was another thing. Final point, the CEO wanted a dual share class structure. Now, this is kind of, he wants to be a US tech firm. So if you think about the Googles and the Facebooks, they've got this dual share class structure and the US listing process and allows for that. And it's quite normal here in London, it's been quite restricted. But this dual share class structure means that he retains all the voting, not all, but most of the voting power. So he stays in control of the company's trajectory and direction. But the problem with that is you're not allowed in the FTSE 100 index. If you've got a dual share class structure, they're the rules. So actually, because he wanted that, it meant that delivery, even though they're big enough on a valuation point of view to be in the FTSE 100, they are not. If he had of scrapped the dual share class structure idea, they'd be in the FTSE 100. And what would have happened is you'd have got all the sort of passive tracker funds having to buy through shares, which of course would have propped it up and you wouldn't have seen the sell-off. So that's just a few reasons as to why this is a shockingly bad IPO in my opinion. And we'll be talking about it for years, just in terms of an event. Whether delivery, are they going to survive? I mean, I don't know, they've got a million pounds in the, sorry, a billion dot pounds in the bank now to invest in their growth. And it's a super low margin business. And I'm sure they'll be fine. But as an IPO event, wow, just abspeechless. I don't ever think I've heard you this enthusiastic about a subject in a long time. I just can't believe it. And so reputational risk, JP Morgan and Goldman's, what happens to them? Well, all right, firstly, they've lost money because they had to underwrite this, which means that they're propping up, they're trying to prop up their share price yesterday. And it kind of, the share price dropped, and then it went back up. And that's kind of them kind of just propping it up. And then it's dropped up again. And look, they've lost a lot of money here. But from a reputational point of view, all right, look, they're massive banks. And look, this doesn't mean no one's ever going to touch them again. But if I was a tech, if I was a founder of a tech firm who wanted to IPO, then I would not be knocking on Goldman's door or JP Morgan's door at this point, because what they just did shows some pretty basic errors in my mind. So I'd be looking for some of their competitors who have driven successful IPOs. So look, there's a short-term reputational damage for sure. But look, they'll get over it. Okay, great. Well, look, with that, let's just wrap it up with a few points for next week. But even before then, even though it's good Friday tomorrow, as we're recording this, but as this podcast goes out, there is actually non-farm payrolls coming out. It's been an unusual scenario. I've checked with the CME. Future Gobex trade is going to be open on reduced hours. So the markets will be tradable to that extent. But I think if there is any traders listening, I would strongly advise that you just enjoy any sunshine that there is and the Easter break, because the conditions are not going to be particularly productive, let's say, for intraday trading. But in terms of non-farm payrolls in itself, we are expecting actually a pretty strong figure. I think consensus estimates is for 650,000. Unemployment expected to drop to six from 6.2%. We look at the kind of employment indicators that we get, the front run, the labor report, and we had ADP private payrolls early in the week. 517,000 was a sixth month high. I guess not a lot of this though appears comes as a surprise really. I mean, the kind of Biden relief package in early March, several states using coronavirus kind of induced restrictions and the rapid pace of vaccinations.  Yeah, absolutely. We're just going through these ebbs and flows where the economic forecasts look strong and keep getting raised higher because of those facts, as you've said. And then we have a bit of a panic about yields every now and then. But in the main, I'm just watching the S&P is making a new high literally as we speak. And that's reflective of that fact under the underlying economic situation in the US is looking pretty positive. And so that's being reflected out there in the stock market. Okay. And just a quick look ahead to next week. Obviously, I'll deliver the global macro briefing on Tuesday that will go out in the Amtify Trading YouTube channel. So do check that out. But other things look forward to next week. You do have the pretty quiet Monday, Tuesday, you get the Chinese Service PMI, you got the RBA, the Australian Make Decision, Wednesday, you get the Eurozone UK Service PMI data, US Trade Balance, Thursday, pretty quiet Chinese inflation data coming up Friday with US PPI. And that's your wrap. So episode 10 in the bag, Piers. Well done. I will see you. Well, actually, when will I see you? Not in person in London for another few weeks, I'm sure. But I'll see you on Zoom, let's say. Yes. Enjoy your long weekend. Yeah, you too. All right. Take care. Thanks, everyone.


that is on q using linked list. Learning outcomes at end of this session, students will be able to explain q using linked list in data structure. So before starting with the linked list, so let us have the introduction about the linked list. So in the previous two videos, we have seen the implementation of the q that is a linear q and the circular q. So the q was implemented using an array. So now due to the efficient use of memory utilization, we are going to use the q for the implementation using a linked list. So let us understand what do you mean by a linked list? Okay, so we'll start with the introduction. A linked list is a linear collection of data elements called nodes, where the linear order is implemented by means of pointer, each node contains a two types of field. That is, the first field contains the information of the elements. And the second field contains the address of the next node in the list. Suppose, as shown in this figure, this is known as an the node where it has the two information that is one is that is the first field is the information either it may be integer value or the characters or the whatever you want to store, you are going to have the information storing this like and data and the next which holds the address of the next node. If it is only the one node, then we have to point through and null here means that is the termination of an linked list here. If it is having one more node connecting to this here. So what do I have to do we have to write the address of the next node. Okay, so this was about the nodes here. Now we'll see the types of linked list here. So there are three types of linked list. First one is your singly linked list. Second one is your doubly linked list. And the third one is your circular linked list. So as we told in the first slide, so if you are going to have the one more node connected to the first node here, so the address of this node is stored into next value here, and it is being connected. And this is the last node in the list. So that's why we have to write here null or terminating node here. Okay, so every time whenever we are going to terminate the list, we have to mark it with a null. Similarly, if you're going to make use of an doubly linked list, so you're going to have these type of node here that is an information here. And the next the address of the next node and here the previous address of the node here means in the singly linked list and the doubly linked list, the difference is what in doubly linked list, we are going to store the previous address of the node here. So what is an added advantage here? So you can jump from the one place to another in the forward direction as well as in the backward direction here means in singly linked list, we can jump only in the forward direction only if you're in somewhere in the middle of the list. If you want to come back to search the data or delete the data, once again, we have to start from the first node only. So that is an time consuming. In the same manner, the added advantage is what? So you can jump to the previous nodes for searching and deleting and you can jump to the next node also. But what is the disadvantage? It uses more memory than the singly linked list here, the information is there and the two pointers are used to store the next and the previous address here. Now we are going to see the circular linked list. It is just like a link linear linked list in which the second part of the last node contains the address of the first in the list. That is the second field of the last node does not point to the null pointer, rather it points back to the beginning of the linked list means what? So here what we have seen that is it is going to point towards the next node. Here we have seen the it is pointing towards the next node and the previous node. And if you want to terminate this linked list, we have to mark with the null node. But in circular linked list, there will be no last node here. So that's why there will be no null node here. Okay, so what will happen? So it will point towards the first node here means here in last node of the circular linked list, the address of the first node is stored here means it will jump from this location to this location, this location to this location and this location will store the address of the this location. So that's why it is known as a circular linked list. But it is just like a linear linked list here. So what are the advantages of using a linked list over an array? So the linked list are the dynamic data structure. That is second one is what you are the efficient memory utilization, insertion and the deletions are easier and efficient and easy for the complex application. So what do you mean by this insertion and deletions are easier and effective? And the linked list are dynamic data structure means you can increase the size of an list and decrease the size of the list at the runtime here. So in array, whenever you're going to allocate the memory, it is memories allocated at the compile time only. So if you want to increase the size of an array, you cannot increase the size of an array at the runtime here. If you want to decrease the size of an array to use the effective memory utilization, we cannot decrease that. But in linked list, we are going to make use of a dynamic data structure. So that's why we can increase or shrink the list at the runtime here. So if you do that, that is known as an effective memory utilization. Now insertion and deletions are easier and efficient means what? So if you are using an array, if you want to delete the element in between the array, so we have to go to that place and delete that. And again, once again, we have to shift the other elements to the previous location. So it becomes tedious. But in the linked list, what we have to do if you delete the elements in between the two linked list. So what we have to do, we have to just connect the previous nodes address to the next node here. So there is an insertion and deletion are becomes easy, and it is useful for the complex applications. So array is not useful for the complex application. So this is the representation of a linked list. So this is the structure defined for the linked list implemented here. Now suppose if you are going to make use of a single linked list, which has only the two information that is first field contains the information, the second field contains the address of the next node if you want to write in the structure. So that is written in this manner that is struck node int data, which where the information is stored in that field, and the second node struck node next which holds the address of the next node here. So this is this struck node has been defined for the single linked list. If it is used for the double linked list, what we have to do one more point we have to add that is a struck node star previous means to store the address of the previous node here. And how you're going to increase or shrink the list at the runtime here. So there are two functions that is malloc and callocs are used to create the node at the runtime. Okay, if you want to make it free, then you have to make use of an free function means that if you are allocating more memory at the runtime and you are not going to use that memory. So you can make use of an free function to decrease the size of an memory here means what whenever you are required the memory at that time you can allocate that memory by using malloc and calloc functions. And you can make it free also if you don't want. Okay, so that is an advantage of using an linked list or an array here. So now we'll see the implementation of Q using a linked list. So up till now what we have seen, the queue was implemented using an array. So in array, we cannot increase or decrease the size of an queue at the runtime here. So that disadvantage has been removed using an linked list here in queue is implemented first in first out that this is the same thing we have to implement using a linked list also that is first in first out here. Okay, in queue, we have seen that two operations that is nq and dq operations. In nq operations, we have to check the full condition that is an overflow condition. And in dq operation, we are going to check an empty condition that is an underflow condition. But when you are going to implement the queue using linked list, there is no full condition because you can allocate the memory as the compiler will allocate that. So there are infinite number of memory is allocated here. There is no tension to have how many memories allocated to you use here. So there will be no full condition during an the nq operation. But while doing an dq operation, we have to check an empty condition because is there any linked list present in the queue? Okay, so we'll start with the implementation of an queue using an linked list. The linked list, the representation of queue does not have any restriction on the number of elements it can hold here. The elements in the linked list are allocated dynamically. Hence, it can grow as long as there is sufficient memory available for the dynamic allocation here. So that is an advantage here. In the same manner, what we have seen in the previous video that is the nq operation, dq operation and the display operation for the queue. In the same manner, we have to implement the queue using an linked list. Here, we have to make use of an pointer which holds the address of the next node here. So before starting to this lecture, you should be able to understand how the pointers are going to work. So we'll start with an algorithm that is an insert an element into the queue. So we can use the following steps to insert the new node into the queue here. So what is the first step in the same way in the queue what we used to do in the linear queue we used to directly insert here. So here first step in the queue is what we have to create the new node here. That is one node you have to create with a given value. Suppose we have taken the value of 10. So that will be the node 10. And the set the new node to the next it is pointing towards the next to the null. And then check whether the queue is empty. So how you are going to check that is rare is equal to equal to null here also the same two pointers are used to track the record of nq that is front pointer and the rare pointer here. Yeah, that is if the queue is an empty, then you have to see that rare is equal to equal to null. If it is empty, then front set front equal to new node and the rare is equal to new node. Okay, next step is what if it is not empty, then set rare of next equal to new node and rare is equal to new node here means the new node will be allocated at that time here. Now, if you want to delete an element from the queue what we have to do these are the following steps we have to perform check the weather queue is empty or not. So in the previous thing inserting we are not going to check the full condition here so directly you can insert the new node here every time here so there is no necessary that you are going to check the full condition here but we have to check the empty condition is there any list in the queue to delete that. So first check that condition how you are going to check that front is equal to equal to null. If it is empty then display queue is an empty step three is what if it is not empty then define node pointer temp where temp one variable you are going to take and set it to the that is front then then set front is equal to front of next and delete them means temp is required to delete that element from the queue here that is free time this is a function used to free that node here. Okay, so this is an the algorithm useful to write an and deleting an element from the queue. Next, if you want to display the elements in the queue, so in the same manner, is there any node in the queue? So for that we have to check whether the queue is empty. If it is empty, so you cannot display if queue is an empty and terminate that function. If it is not empty, then the node pointer temp is initialized with the front pointer and display temp of data is equal to temp and move to the next node. Repeat the same until the time reaches to the rare that is temp of next is not equal to null. And step five is what the display temp of data is equal to null. So in this manner, if you write an algorithm for this, you can have the displaying of the element of a queue. So these are the my references and thank you.


Here we go, the grand final, and away they go from the start, and Smarshlik nudges Laguta. He actually went straight into Laguta by the leaders with Cabera, and now here comes Smarshlik in bloom! Damn! What a ride, and now Laguta's wound up. You can be sure of that. Laguta will be wound up after that first turn incident. He's got speed, he's come round Cabera. He's going to try the run on Smarshlik now. Has he got the speed down the back straight? Oh, he'd have to get off the gas! This is one heck of a final! Artem Laguta fired up, guys! He did the front! Smarshlik's going to have to replay that! Artem Laguta, what a ride from him! Got a real clout of the world champion going to the first turn, and Artem Laguta's going to win it now! What a comeback from him! Furious with the move from Smarshlik into the first turn, and not only has he passed him, he's cleared off out in front. What a ride! Oh, I tell you what, this is going to mean there'll be a one-point difference in the title race. Game on, guys! Just one point for Smarshlik, he still leads the world championship, but Artem Laguta has won the Grand Prix! Congratulations to the brilliant Russian! Artem Laguta, he did it the hard way! He looked an angry man! That first turn coming together between the two title rivals was tough! It was ruthless, but Laguta was not to be denied! What a win that is! Absolutely! I echo that entirely! What a way to bounce back! He really put it on the line there, Nides! Had to get the better of Kuber, and no wonder he's overjoyed! That's his best win to date! Absolutely stunning performance from Artem Laguta! Denies Smarshlik, winning four consecutive Grand Prix, and he moves on and keeps the world championship chase very tight indeed! It's a two-horse race right now!


Today I'm going to tell you about how we optimize Spike for the Intel as well as ARM Cortex-N4. This is a joint work with Meeting Chen and Marquess Quarles. Spike is one of the third round urtonic end dates of NIST-PQC standardization process. It is a code-based cam based on so-called moderate density parity check code, which is essentially the same as low density parity check code. The polykeys of Spike are pretty small. The polykeys are 1.5 kilobytes, 3 kilobytes, and 5 kilobytes, where the level 1, level 3, and level 5 parity sets. The reason why Spike can have small keys is because the construction is entry-like. Some ring structures have been included in Spike's construction, and Spike has been supported in Amazon's AWS scheme management service. So this sounds good, but unfortunately Spike is a relatively slow scheme in the standardization process. For example, if you consider Spike L1, the level 1 parity set of Spike, to the corresponding parity set of classic MacLeese, you can see that both encapsulation and decasalation are much slower, and there hasn't been any optimized code for embedded systems written by the Spike team. So here's what we did. We wrote a Haswell implementation and also a N4 implementation, and both implementations are constant time. As you can see, our Haswell implementation is faster than the AVX2 implementation of the Spike team. In particular, our decasalation time is much faster. This is important because decasalation is the slowest operation. And our N4 implementation is also much faster than the portable implementation written by the Spike team. Here I have to mention that the portable implementation is not fully constant time. Now we can look at Spike's specification. Here the operations that I highlighted in red are operations in the ring R, which is F2X divided by X2R minus 1. So you can see there are three modifications here, and although it's not particularly important, each modification involves one low-weight operands. So E1, H0, and H1 are all low-weight elements in R. And when we implement H0 inverse using Etocity, there are going to be more modifications in R. So what I want to say is that there are many modifications in R that we have to perform. And you might wonder that why is Spike a code-based game? It doesn't look code-based. In fact, 0S0 here is a syndrome, which means that it's a parity check, the product of a parity check matrix and an error vector. And the parity check matrix is a low-weight matrix. And just by using the low-weight structure, we can already find the error positions. Well, at least with certain probability. So here is what you can do. So you can set an error vector E-prime to 0. And then for each position I, you count the number of unsatisfied parity checks. If the number of unsatisfied parity checks for a position I is greater than t, then you flip E-prime I. If that E-prime is equal to s, then you return E-prime. Otherwise, you go to step 2. This error pattern is not the same as what is specified in Spike's specification, but essentially the decoder used by the Spike team is a variant of this single error pattern. Actually, as shown in the chess 2016 paper Quick Bits, Constantine Smoky-Kobey-Skrtofi, the operation of counting the number of unsatisfied parity checks can be viewed as multiplications in another ring, RT, which is d y divided by y divided by r minus 1. And operands of each multiplications in RT must have coefficients in set of 0 or 1. And also one of the two operands must be low-weight. So essentially the multiplications in RT are similar to the multiplications in r that I highlighted in red in the previous slide. So now we know that there are multiplications in RT and also r and we can take a look at how we perform the multiplications in a high-level point of view. For multiplications in RT, if the multiplications is between g and f, where g is the low-weight operand, then we consider g as the sum of several y to the i's. Then we compute y to the i f for each i and then we compute the sum of different y to the i f's. We know that in our implementation these two operations are interleaved, but conceptually you can consider them as two different steps. And how do we compute y to the i f? Well, due to the structure of RT, this is essentially a circular shift on f by i bits.  We don't actually perform circular shifts.  And here f prime is essentially a duplicated form of the vector f. Regarding multiplications in r, what we did is simpler. We basically do a polynomial multiplication and then modulo x to the r minus 1. So here are our optimizations for multiplications in RT. We use the SEL instruction on m4 to perform constant time logical shifts. And as well we make use of matrix transposition to perform constant time logical shifts. And on both s1 and m4, when we want to add different y to the i f's, we use an Erbison described by Boyer and Porotta. Regarding multiplications in r, as well we use an Erbison proposed by Bernstein. And on m4, we use so-called Frobenius additive 50. Now we can talk about how we use the SEL instruction to perform multiplications in RT. The task here is to shift f prime by s bits where s is smaller than r. And we consider s as the sum of s1 and s0 where s0 is s monster 2. To shift f prime by s1 bits, we use a better shifter, which means that we conditionally shift f prime to the k bits, k minus 1 bits and so on, until we conditionally shift f prime by 32 bits. So here, because each time when we compute conditional shifts, the shift amount is always a multiple of 32. So each condition of shift is simply a sequence of conditional moves of 32 bits worth. And this is easy to implement. For example, the portable immunization of the bug team use a piece of code like this. But at lion m4, you can do better than this because you can just use the SEL instruction to select from one of the two words so that you don't have to do multiple logical proportions. And if you just use SEL instruction directly, then you will see that there are different chains of conditional moves. And for each chain, if the shift amount is rather large, then you will be accessing 32 bits worth. They are pretty far away, which is not very good in terms of performance. So we actually combine multiple chains of conditional moves. We carry out several chains like this in parallel in order to minimize the cost of memory operations. And actually it's very easy to unroll the whole loop, but eventually we decided to slightly unroll the loop in order to balance speed and code size. And finally, when you want to shift the vector by S0 bits, this is very easy to do. You can just do it by using logical instructions. But a better way to do this is to use multiplication and comp-relate instructions such as UNLAO. We don't talk about this here, but this is written in our paper. Okay, now consider Haswells. Our approach for Haswells is a bit different. We still consider the shift amount at S as the sound of S1 and S0, and S0 is S mod modulo sum b. And now we consider f prime as a matrix like this. Now shifting f prime by S0 bits is approximately the same as shifting the rows. You still have to combine the results of the shifts, but basically what you do is to shift the rows. And in order to be able to shift the rows, it's better to make M0 row major. And our main observation is that when you want to shift f prime by S1 bits, instead of doing barrel shifter, you can actually consider the operation as shifting the columns. So in order to be able to shift by S1 bits, we store f prime in a row major way. And then for each S, we shift the columns by S1 bits, transpose the matrix, and then we shift f prime by S0 bits. And here a matrix transposition is pretty fast. You can partition the matrix into four pieces and recursively swap the upper right part and the bottom left part. And all this can be done conveniently using logical operations. For our Haswell implementation, we set b to 256. And we also tried the same approach on M4, but unfortunately it doesn't seem to work very well on M4. And we guess this is because it's not very easy to shift by a large number of bits on M4. Okay, now we know how to compute y2if for any i. And now the task is to compute the sum of y2if. And if you think about this, the task here is essentially the same as counting the number of ones in all vectors of lengths of the number of i's. And in the quick bits paper, the author proposes to use space sizing to do this. And then what you do is essentially making the hardware implementation that perform handway computation. For example, you can prepare several bits as a counter. And then you just keep adding one bit into the counter until you finish all the bits. And in this way you will be using only half-edges. But actually it's much more efficient to make use of full-edges. So Borja and Boratang have shown this in their paper, the exact multiplicative complexity of the handway function. The idea is quite simple. Basically, you just perform additions of operands with 2dk month one, 2dk month one, and one bit whenever possible. And just by doing this, we can already save lots of logical operations as shown in this table. And one thing I should mention is that the drawback of using this method is that it uses more memory. So it's more like a memory time trade-off. Here is a picture that illustrates the Orgison. For example, if you want to add 15 bits, you want to compute the handway in this length 15 vector. And what you would do is to add bits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, using full-edges. And then you add bits 1, 2, 7, using 2 full-edges. You add bits 8, 2, 14, using 2 full-edges. And then you add bits 1, 2, 15, using 3 full-edges. Now we can talk about how we perform multiplications in the ring R. And as well, one simple thing you can do is to use Cartouba. So in Cartouba, we write each polynomial f as f0 plus f1d. And we evaluate f at 0, 1, and infinity. And then we do this also for g. And we do a point-wise multiplication. And then we do some interpolation in order to get the product. And the byte team sets z to x to the k, where k is the power of 2. And for polynomials of length 64, they just use pc or monkey dk. And actually for each of the bytes parameter sets, R is always approximately 3 times the power of 2 for each parameter set. So as you can see, the problem here is that f0, f1, and f infinity are not balanced in terms of lengths. And we also wonder maybe a lower complexity Erwison can perform better because the lengths of the polynomial are not so short. So we tried another Erwison proposed by Bernstein in his paper Badge-Panel Realvers. The Erwison has a lower complexity. So for every polynomial, the Erwison writes f0, f1d, f2d squared. And then we evaluate the polynomial as 0, 1, x, x plus 1, and infinity. And then we do some point-wise multiplication and some interpolation. So the implementation is quite straightforward. We implement Bernstein's Erwison for the top-level regression. And then for the bottom-levels, we just use cartouba. And one thing that's worth mentioning is that we have to divide it by with divide polynomials by x squared plus x. And this operation, if you do it naively, you can copy each coefficient one by one. This is very small. A much faster approach is to just add the top half of the polynomial to the bottom half. You do this recursively. And finally, we can talk about how we do multiplications in R on n4. Here are the basic ideas that we want to use additive FTs to do polynomial multiplications. And the operands here are polynomials of binary coefficients.  And then by doing this, you will see that we have a very big overlap between the computation of f alpha and f of alpha plus 1. And this is how the recursion works. And if you do this naively, then the resulting recursion will be not so efficient. So there's a special recursion called Forbanus Additivity, which tells you that you can reduce the number of inversion points by making use of the Forbanus map. The concept is quite simple because we're dealing with binary polynomials. So we have f of alpha squared must be equal to the square of f of alpha. For any alpha in f2zm. And we are now the first one to implement Forbanus Additivity. The previous implementations just use PCOMOQDQ. While on n4, you don't have such a convenient instruction for careless multiplications. So we have to use specializing. And for the representation of the field, the biggest field we have to use is f2z32. And this is built upon a sequence of smaller fields. We build it from f2 and then f4, f16, and so on. And each multiplication in fA at t is of the form alpha times beta, where beta is v plus w. Here w is always a subfield element and v is always a constant. In order to optimize this multiplication, we actually compute alpha times w using cartouche bar, and then we compute alpha times v using some sort of circuit generation. Because multiplication by v is essentially an f2 linear map. And finally, we add the result together to obtain alpha times beta. And we found that doing the two smaller operations and then add the result together is much faster than doing the operation directly. And finally, we found that Bernstein's algorithm still performs better on Haswell. We actually tried the same algorithm on Haswell, but Bernstein's algorithm is still a bit better. Finally, we can find our source code online. Our Haswell implementation is already available in Supercop. Our M4 implementation is available in PCN4. And both implementations are available in the architect archive. So that's all of my talk. Thank you for listening.


Looking for students to help you with your research? Today your friends at the UCLA Library and the undergraduate research centers are here to help you easily find qualified undergraduate students for your research projects. The undergraduate research portal, URP for short, is a new tool from the UCLA undergraduate research centers that helps connect students to faculty with available research positions. You can use it to re-staff your projects as students graduate or to fill new positions as they open up. This research does not have to be in a science or engineering lab. It can be any kind of information gathering or data analysis. Research projects in all disciplines are welcome, from the sciences to the humanities, arts, and social sciences. Get started by creating or posting for available research opportunities. You'll need a job description, desired qualifications, position type, start date, for-credit options, and contact information for interested students. It's helpful to come up with a descriptive title that includes the discipline and project topic to catch the eye of browsing students. After publishing, you can wait for students to contact you or actively seek out students you think should apply for your opportunity. There's also a helpful archive button which allows you to hide any older postings from students without having to delete the entire post. This way, as you fill positions for your projects, you can save the posting for later if you would like to hire new students in the future. Or you can browse the student profiles to find a candidate and reach out to them directly. You can sort students by major, graduation year, self-reported GPA, and type of position the student is seeking. You can select students by clicking the plus sign in the upper right-hand corner of their profile card. The portal allows you to directly send your opportunity and a customized message to the students without ever having to leave the page. Looking for help with the next steps? Contact the undergraduate research centers for portal assistance or email the help desk. Good luck with your research.