So my job is Director of Human Health at the IAEA and basically it entails facilitating the work of four different sections, promoting the knowledge but also helping member states develop better methods and achieve better quality and also to help with training and education and develop guidelines and things like that. I always wanted to be a physician and for a very long time, I was 14, I wanted to be a radiation oncologist specifically. And so yes, I always knew what I wanted. I love everything about my job and the most important thing is that it's a chance to help so many people and impact societies in general. So if you think of one radiation oncology center, how many people can be treated to that one center that we could help set up. It's amazing. In this situation, you have the ability to help states around the world and people around the world and I think that's exciting. Many of the people here actually started out in academics and in the clinic. So you need some academic experience where you can be very familiar with research and writing papers and assessing information and developing guidelines. So the medical background could be like in nuclear sciences. So it could be, for example, a radiation oncologist. It could be a medical physicist. It could be a diagnostic radiologist. Things like that in general. As an institution, the good that we're doing is the thing that inspires one to work here and the people that are here just are amazing. Whatever you choose, you have to love what you do and you have to believe in it because I think the thing that makes you do the best that you can is that you believe in what you're doing and you enjoy it. My name is Christina George. I'm a nuclear security officer in the Division of Nuclear Security here at the IAEA. My work involves securing radioactive sources. So radioactive sources that are used not necessarily in nuclear power plants but in hospitals to treat cancer, in agriculture, for example, to sterilize crops or in industry such as the oil industry. What I do is work with member states to put in place the nuclear security framework that's needed to make sure that this radioactive material is protected. We work with states to develop standards and guidance. The other part is the delivery and development of training. So we go into countries to deliver training on how to secure their radioactive material. The last sort of aspect of my job has to do with technical assistance. So there's a very practical component where we will work with countries on what are the security systems needed within facilities to protect that material. We work with all countries. Every country is concerned about nuclear security and specifically to my role, radioactive sources are used everywhere. There are no limits to where I can go and it's been extremely eye-opening to work with a lot of these countries where I would never get to in my normal life. My undergraduate studies are in electrical engineering. I also did my master's in electrical engineering. Right out of university, I actually worked in procurement. I always had sort of a view that one part of my career would be at the international level. Then when I started working for the regulator in my home country, the IAEA came into view. From my own experience, a technical background definitely helps delay the foundation of your work. So I would encourage girls, first of all, to pursue science and engineering if that's what they're passionate about. The other aspect is with a science and engineering background, it's important to remain open to different possibilities. It's always interesting to know that certain skills are transferable. So my advice is not to be limited in your thinking in terms of what you can do with your technical background.  You can be, for example, like me, working in nuclear security and helping states to develop their nuclear security frameworks. I'm a Press and Public Information Officer for the IAEA and that means that I help tell the world about the fascinating work that the IAEA does. And I do this through working with journalists, through working with our website, helping making sure that we have good material there and also answering questions from the general public directly sometimes and briefing students and others who come and visit. My days are quite different. I spend a lot of time at my desk on the computer writing emails, documents, notes and things like that for various interviews or interactions. I also, of course, spend a lot of time talking to journalists about all sorts of things we do and responding to their questions but also trying to make them interested in the parts that I find so fascinating about the IAEA. My dream when I was in primary school was to be a journalist and I became one. And then when I was studying, I refined this and decided that I wanted to be a foreign correspondent. And I became a foreign correspondent. I was working for the Associated Press as a journalist for eight years. I was based in six different cities, I think six on three continents. And after eight years I started to feel the need for a change to use the skills and experience I had gained in a different way. And then I switched and became a Press and Public Information Officer. I really enjoy being part of an organization that I think does good and I really like being able to share what we do. Our colleagues are really passionate professionals who really care deeply about what they do and they're such experts, they really know the topics and they're driven by this will to really make a difference and that's very rewarding to work with people like that. The actual requirements for my job would be a basic university degree with experience, with a bit more experience or an advanced university degree with a bit less experience. And of course experience has to be related. It has to be in communications or in journalism or something similar. I would advise young people who are interested in working for the IAEA to give it a shot. The IAEA is a fun place to work. You get to work with passionate, knowledgeable colleagues and you work together for a good cause. I'm working in the Nuclear Science and Application in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory. Our main activities are divided in adaptive research and development, training for member states and service. And me personally, I'm in charge of irradiation service for member states. We have to conduct pre-radiation treatment via irradiating material and then, depending what kind of request has been issued for the mutagenesis services, we will then either determine radio sensitivity test or we will irradiate material with the requested dose to the member states and ship the material as fast as possible to the member states that they continue working on the material. I'm somebody who likes to read a lot. And in a subject in popular science that made me really curious, it was one book called What is Life from Erwin Schrödinger. And as a young girl or teenager at that time, I don't know, maybe this book was inspiring or just made me more curious. And I look forward, where can I find the answers on the questions and the area in medicine, agriculture, everything touching life sciences, natural sciences to look for this question. And maybe this was my will that somehow I didn't bring me here. We are here working with many people from all around the world and being in touch with the people from member states and the member states are from all continents, from all countries. It's amazing. I am the working mother. I see in an agency a positive trend for looking to achieve gender equality. So with a different age, with a different background, with a different sex, with a different creed, we can, I think, look forward to create a symphony. Symphony can only work with a lot of diversity. So the diversity is basic, so together we can do it. In the head of the IAEA incident and emergency center, my job entails both managerial and professional aspects. The work of the IEC covers preparedness for and response to nuclear and red logical emergencies, irrespective of their course. IEC is a 24-7 focal point for notification and request for assistance. And we also help member states in assisting, strengthening their own preparedness for response to emergencies. And it will be implemented through various meetings on administrative, technical, organizational aspects with the staff of the IEC and throughout the agency. But when the IEC is responding to an emergency, I will be implementing my role as the head of the incident and emergency center in accordance with the agency's response plan. And it will include, among other tasks, overseeing management of operational activities, clearance, approval of the assistance action plan and so on. My professional experience is related to the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. My home country, Belarus, was heavily affected after the Chernobyl accident. I was very closely involved, being a young scientist, and then growing throughout the process of years of Chernobyl consequences in Belarus. I was heavily involved in the development of protective actions criteria for protecting the public after the accident, like criteria for relocation, restriction of food consumption, justification of these criteria and explanation to the public of what it means. I was also involved in assessing radiation-induced health effects. In implementing this job, one would need to have high qualification in various areas, like radiation protection, radiobiology, biophysics, dose reconstruction and so on. Because the specificity of this area, area of emergency preparedness and response is that the area is cross-cutting through various disciplines. My message to young professional women would be learn the areas you like and you are interested in, but also go and learn those subjects which are related to this main area. And also do not hesitate to challenge yourself with new things and with increasingly difficult tasks. It will give an opportunity to experience and to grow in problem solving, which will be helpful throughout the professional life. If someone would like to pursue a career here, go for it. And you will get a professional satisfaction and professional development.


The whole experience of your life in a certain way is a dream. In Anadi, we created a dream machine. We hasten the dreams a hundred times over than normal. We are not touching your Arab, the Karna or the allotted Karna. We are only going for the warehouse of Karna, the Sanjith Karna. Because the substance that is necessary to find one more womb has been taken away. But this body is perfectly fine. That means we've destroyed your future.


This is part three of our talk on current economic crisis in Pakistan and solutions. In the previous parts, links to the previous parts are given here. In this part, we will discuss how colonization of minds prevents us from seeing the solutions and what we can do about it. A brief summary of the previous parts is as follows. Our problem is very simple. We import more than we export, forcing us to borrow dollars. And when we borrow, the lenders enforce their economic policies upon us. And the solution is simple, stop importing more, become self-sufficient in producing what we need and produce for our public, not for foreign demand, cater to domestic demand rather than that of the foreigners. But this solution is never under discussion by our economists and policy makers. Why when this is the only solution?  And this makes us blind to the realities of the world around us. And it sets up phantom enemies and we spend our times and efforts and energy pursuing wrong solutions. So if you want to understand the real problem and the real solutions, we must study the history of the origins of our current crisis. Brief sketch of relevant history is that we were colonized for a hundred years and colonization is a mechanism for extraction of resources. And huge amounts of wealth and surplus was extracted from India and sent overseas to England. Stavryanus has written a history book called Global Rift which explains how the rich countries today are rich because they stole from the poor and the poor are now poor because of the same theft of resources. The colonial institutions in India were set up to extract resources, not to develop, to create economic growth.  This was the only way that they would be able to participate with the British in robbing their own country. The two world wars sapped the power of the Europeans and led to freedom of colonies around the world. In 1944, at the end of World War II, the leadership of the globe was transferred to the USA. It is described, if you look at history, then you understand that at the end of the World War II, the European, the Western leaders drew up plans to ensure that even though the colonies were independent in name, they would never be able to pursue independent economic policies. They would keep fighting each other and the European advisors would provide them with advice which would allow them access to the resources, the oil and the other resources that they needed from the former colonies. Because the U.S. itself had been a former colony, it had gained independence by revolting against their masters, it did not suit them to set up colonies in the style of Britain and the European powers. So they devised a different plan and one of the keys to the development of this plan was Operation EJACS in which the popular democratically elected government of Mossadak was replaced by the U.S. puppet Raza Shah Pahveli and this was done for the control of the Iranian oil and the great success of this operation led to the development of this concept of regime change instead of actually going in and planting your armies and doing directly ruling the former colonies. The U.S. was going to create regimes which were favorable to U.S. and they would follow U.S. interests and this was indirect colonization. We want to understand the economic policies being pursued in the third world which is the former colonies. We cannot understand it without understanding this historical background. A second very important aspect to understand which is not well understood is that colonization doesn't work by physical force, it works by mind control. Mind control is done via education. The educational process teaches us to love and admire and respect the West and have contempt and hatred for our own people and our own heritage and our own leaders and our own intellectuals. The goal of western education explicitly spelled out by Macaulay was to create a class which will admire and respect the West and this was necessary in order for them to assist the Europeans in exploiting their own country and this educational process continues in exactly the same way to this day. It helps support the power of the coconut class, the class which is allied with West in terms of having the same ideals and visions and goals but it goes against the interests of the masses. To understand the colonization of Moiles we can look at some examples. One of them is Salman Rushdie who wrote three different books, one expressing his shame for his family, one for his hatred for his own culture, his people and his nation and one book which expressed his hatred for his own religion. So this kind of feeling of inferiority that we are nothing and the white people are everything, they are advanced, we are underdeveloped, they are civilized, we are barbarians etc. This is necessary in order to enslave us, in order to make us follow the policies in favor of the colonizers rather than following policies which are favorable to us. In this complex, the creation in this education which teaches us to love the West, one of the critical tools is a false history and we have been fed this false history through our educational process and it is necessary to debunk that history and replace it with the history which shows the West for what it is rather than a false picture which glorifies them and makes everyone else appear as if they have nothing. Another extreme illustration of this colonized mentality is an audio clip by Hassan Nisar in which he expresses the idea that we are the worst nation on the planet, our culture is rotten to the core and we are a thousand times worse than all other nations and what we do cannot even be imagined by the civilized nations of the world and then he lists a long list of crimes that we do. Actually if we just take a list of crimes that are done in the West, they would be far greater than this. So if we just start listing ABCD what happened and what happened but the point is that these crimes don't make us, there are people in our country who do bad things but that doesn't mean that we as a nation are bad. Some of the special points here are that he says that there is no concept of lying or dishonesty in the West which is simply false and he says that in the West they would not conceive of the possibility of mixing milk with water or of providing fake medicines. In fact there is a huge food and industry which has been poisoning the people and causing huge amounts of harm to the people. Similarly there's a huge pharmaceutical industry which has caused an opioid crisis killing lots of people's for profits. So it's just ignorance of what happens in the West which leads Hassan Nisar to think that the West as angels and we are all devils. This is the inferiority complex which is at the heart of the colonized mentality. Now the point of mentioning this is that whenever I have shown this clip to audiences they have all reacted in more or less the same way that Hassan Nisar is telling the truth. Yes we are like that, we are very bad, we are rotten, we do all sorts of bad things and they are very advanced and they are very civilized and we are barbarians. So this colonized mentality is very much with us and if you want to make change and progress we have to get rid of this. We have to understand that all people are children of Adam and Hau'a alaihi salam and we are all very similar. They are good and bad people here and they are good and bad people everywhere. So to summarize this third part of the talk a hundred years of colonization inflicts deep trauma on our minds. We are used to thinking of ourselves as inferior and underdeveloped and uncivilized and thinking of the colonizers advanced and developed and civilized and a critical tool for this colonization of minds is western education and within this western education economic theory is very important aspect of the brainwashing that is done to us and to counteract these we need to develop an alternative to western education. For this purpose I have given a link here and also we have to develop our own theory of economics and for this also there is a link provided here. So this is the end of the third part of the talk.


Thank you, so happy to be here, and I appreciate you all being here as well, and I want this to be interactive I have some slides, but please jump in at any time if you have a question So we this is our mission statement, but it's it's not anything Super deep and surprising, but what we're engaging and empowering the public through investigative journalism groundbreaking storytelling and Action what we judge ourselves on is impact and I'll talk to you later today about how we measure that and how we quantify that Okay, so one of the things we do how many of y'all have heard of CIR reveal Okay, very well-informed audience. I can tell I'm already dealing with very smart But we're not exactly a household name like the New York Times or the Washington Post But what we do is we partner with media organizations, so we have a staff of about 75 Investigative journalists editors data specialists video specialists Audio specialists one of our big platforms now is radio And and so we spread our storytelling through those platforms, but also We work with all these partners many more. This is just a selection of them to get our stories out one of the Really exciting projects we got to participate in recently was the Paradise Papers, which is I'm sure y'all have heard of Panama Papers Paradise Papers was sort of part two of that and it looked at how Corporate America was offshoring its wealth companies like Apple Nike which keeps its swish off offshore to So that all the money generated from the swish goes off-store off-shore and so We were part of that we told that story on radio So we have a lot of different ways that we could partner with our various media partners So we tell our stories on all platforms This is a story that I brought to The Center for investigative reporting with me from Oklahoma. This is an 18-month project About why Oklahoma is number one in locking up women and it has been for 26 years And so we I analyzed in the CIR helping analyze 18 months worth of data on incarceration in Oklahoma, and we looked at why women were Being locked up at a rate that is you know really far and above any state and any nation in the world And what we found was that Low-level drug sentences were being handed out by judges in Oklahoma Much longer sentences than other states even red states like Georgia and Texas that were reforming their their justice systems Oklahoma was continuing to hand out 20-30 year sentences for things like drug possession and possession with intent which means you just had over the limit the amount of drugs Doesn't mean you were actually caught dealing So one of the things we do with all of our big projects is have a community conversation and later, I'll talk about Trust in the media and how it has fallen off and ways to fix that and we're trying to fix that and so are many other news organizations one of the ways we try to fix that is by talking to the community and so we had a We had a forum we drew 350 people in Oklahoma City to talk about criminal justice reform The governor was there people on all sides were there in this picture. You see The prosecutor of Oklahoma's second largest county who sent plenty of women to prison himself But wants to find a better way To give people treatment instead of prison We had a community conversation about that in after our project ran and one of the other things that I Suggested the CIR is that let's figure out how to get this data We fought 18 months for this database of everyone who'd ever been convicted in Oklahoma and sent to prison And it took 18 months to get it from the state and analyze it And so I wanted to get that out to local media organizations. They don't have the resources that we do We have a very high-powered team of half a dozen data analysts who know You know all these all these skills that we need to analyze this data But the local organizations really don't and so one of the things I thought is wouldn't be cool if we could partner with coders the coding community code for Tulsa code for Oklahoma City code for America and Get this data into the hands of local journalists who don't have database specialists.  And so that's one of the things that we're exploring at CIR Okay, we have one of our really exciting projects that we just launched Is called kept out and it looks at modern-day redlining So lots of you all have heard of redlining, which is Basically the old school way that banks would say don't lend in this area. Well, thanks to the Community Reinvestment Act, which was passed 40 years ago by Congress It requires banks to lend to qualified buyers and blighted neighborhood, but it's full of loopholes It doesn't take into account internet lending. It doesn't take into account mortgage brokers. It doesn't affect them And it didn't take into account gentrification. So these banks are able to loan to what we found mostly white people in areas where they were historically neighborhoods that people of color lived in and so we were able to Take 31 million records that banks are required to disclose to the federal government Over two years. We looked at two years worth of data 2015 and 2016 And we found that there were We used a very conservative measure, but we found there were 61 metropolitan areas that had a statistically significant Margin of basically discrimination. They were discriminating against people who were applying for home loans And those are the areas that we highlighted doesn't mean that there wasn't discrimination happening in many many other areas What it means is in these areas people of color, latinos blacks Asians people of color were being discriminated against when they applied for loans and we were able to Hold everything else steady in terms of income the size of loan people were applying for And also the area the exact neighborhood and area that they were applying for the loan in So the important thing about this project is that we were able to Tell it on a platform. So we had our website We had the interactive data piece you see there with the map and then we had the radio program Which goes to 450 public radio stations around the Around the country. So it's like essentially millions of people just with that piece of it Another exciting development that we've been able to Harness with our journalism is our partnership with the Associated Press So we have a we've supplied our big investigations to AP and then they have shared this data and on this project With all of their partners. So we've had dozens and dozens of papers around the country Some throughout the world share this story. We've had the Washington Post We've had the New York Times, but also the Chicago Tribune and as you see here in st. Louis Papers took our data and we're able to share it There so since we just posted it like thursday or friday Then we had the radio story pbs has done two a two-part series. Um, which has been seen by like two million people and In Philadelphia, they've called for review of how how their housing laws being carried out I mean, it's a little early say one of the things we do at CIR is we have an impact tracker and so we literally track laws that are passed Even small results like people have a rally things like that. Um, so what our hope is is that You know, we can't dictate what the result is from our reporting. That's one thing that's important. We're not We're not no, we're not a community activist organization. We provide people with the information that they need to Take action or not and that that's really up to the people that we serve Um, so we have as I said, we do tell stories on all platforms We have a short documentary really one of the first big video pieces that we've presented Called heroin. I don't know how many of you all have seen this on Netflix Okay, I would highly admire my husband's like, yeah Um, I highly advise you go go go watch on Netflix. It's uh less than an hour It's about three women who are battling the opioid epidemic in west virginia Focuses on first responders a judge women who are trying to make a difference in their community against this epidemic and We co-produced this and worked with a filmmaker named Elaine Sheldon to To make this film and we're really proud that it is a finalist for an oscar in this short documentary category So I want to talk a little bit about gregory asked me to talk about trust in the media and fake news and How do we know what's real and that's where I'm going to get it get to that uh tonight um Some key facts for you guys since 2000 like nearly half of the newsroom jobs in america more than 20 000 um have disappeared and revenues have plummeted to By almost 20 billion a lot of that is um because sources of traditional sources of revenue for newspapers Run of the car rop run of run of press display ads have gone away Classified ads gone away class. You know you have you have craigslist you have Facebook you have all kinds of other outlets to find things to buy and and one ads so newspapers especially have um Try to find new new sources of revenue that is not a ship that turns very quickly I I spent almost all my career in traditional um Print media in the tulsa world, which I'm very proud to have worked there. They gave me the time to do um A project on the death penalty in oklahoma that was a finalist for a Pulitzer and you know supported me through that And today they laid off 10 staffers They're now owned by warren buffett's berkshire hathaway who Warren buffett said I think it was today or yesterday in an interview that he only thought two newspapers would survive in america though It was the wall street journal in the new york times I'm a little more optimistic than that actually Um, but that was on the same day that his company laid off dozens of journalists nationwide um There's there's room for hope and there's also room for Concern and action Um, so one of the things that's encouraging to me as a journalist is what's going on with the larger newspapers I mean the new york times has reported One billion dollars in subscription revenue last year Um, the subscription revenue now accounts for more than 60 of the company's total revenue Typically when you look at a newspaper back on the day when I was at the Tulsa world subscription revenue was like 10 of our revenue So advertising print advertising was 90 95 of our revenue Um, the washington post it's hired more than 100 new journalists And they doubled the number of uh subscribers since january 1 2017 There's a million people who subscribe only digitally to the washington post I subscribe to both the times in the post. Um, I put my money where my mouth is But there are exceptions. I mean, I thought this is a really interesting staff that I found today. They're, uh, 7 000 newspapers, uh, regularly published in the u.s. And 6 6800 basically have circulation smaller than 50 000 So when you talk about the health of newspapers and you feel great about the post and the times and how everyone's excited about this big newspaper War and they're, you know gaining subscribers and it does not affect the majority of media, um Especially print newspapers and that's where Roughly half of all news that you read Is actually generated from a newspaper um You know the san jose american news used to have a newsroom of about 400 Today there are about 150 journalists covering the bay Uh in general so that includes the murky news the spay Uh newspaper which you know when the pullets are for their coverage of the ghost ship fire, um And then what two weeks later after they won the poll they they had they had major staff cuts Which is a sad state of affairs, frankly But there's room for hope The growth of the nonprofit news is really important in our country. Uh, there are more than 120 nonprofit newsrooms that are members of The i and n it's the sort of there's a umbrella organization of nonprofit newsrooms They're across north america. These organizations don't have to depend on print, uh On ad revenue and that is going to go away. So you have to have a different plan as a media organization for how you're going to bring in your money CIR has um this this picture down here is a community engagement piece that we engaged in around The elections and we sort of had A large effort where c ir organized groups of people in new jersey to talk about the elections To sort of get engaged civically and that's a big trend in journalism is we can't Sit on a a pedestal anymore and and just talk to people and deliver information to people people expect a two-way conversation Uh, and so as journalists, we're trying to figure out how to have that conversation um Organizations such as popubica and c ir we've expanded coverage to new areas and offered training and resources to boost investigative reporting locally so popubica has um Opened a whole newsroom in chicago. They have 12 people covering chicago and covering illinois um government and um obviously a really important area of the country in the middle of the country so typically um All of the major media outlets have been based on the coast And sort of forget about the whole area middle of the country I can tell you the reason i stayed in oklahoma for 25 years is because There is a lot to investigate there. There's a lot to uncover. There's a lot of people that need our help um, and That's why it was hard for me to leave So it's super exciting to me to see organizations like popubica and c ir going to the middle of the country and um Helping local journalists learn how to do this craft. It's not Bring science like you can do this. It just takes mentorship time And you know organizations that are larger willing to mentor and help smaller organizations To survive and thrive though. I think news organizations including ours need to think about new ways to innovate and you know diversity is a piece of this That means we have to work harder to attract new audiences And to do that you have to have a staff that is more diverse that reflects america So one of the things we've done is an investigative fellowship program. It's the second year. We've done it. I'm working with two fellows so They come they they work with c ir over a whole year period on a big project And they stay in their home news organization So the hope is they they come for training They come for uh, we take them to a conference investigative reporting conference And then we work with them over a whole year period to to produce a big project The hope is that they learn skills that are More time intensive at a higher level. They don't date the skills. They learn investigative skills. They learn How to be a good watchdog? How to pull all this together? It's it's a very sort of scientific reporting process and it takes some hands-on work as an editor to teach people this These skills, but we're really proud of this and we think it's going to make a difference We're also part of a new nationwide effort To develop mentorship skills in newsrooms nationwide So one of the things we need to do is mentor our own staff and make sure that they stay and that they grow as journalists So yes media is changing There is a cool commission called the night commission on trust media and democracy They're going all over the country They came to I think stand stand for campus a couple months ago and I was there to Listen to what um people were saying to them And they are soliciting input from business leaders from journalists academics the public all all sectors of America about what do we need to do to restore trust in the media and Also by extension trust in democracy And some of the feedback they got and I just picked out some things um, you know Tell people where you're coming from and let them judge the new The sort of old thinking that you have you have to be this completely Dispassionate neutral observer with absolutely no opinions I don't know. I don't know if that works. I think that what we need to do is just be transparent And we need to tell people these are our principles these this is where we're coming from and then you can judge um That doesn't mean that you are biased It means that you're clear about what your priorities are as a news organization. You can't be everything to everyone So what is it that you're trying to be? Uh develop very high standards of verification. I'll talk a little bit more about this later It's really really important that we show our work that we link primary sources Um that people can drill down and see the documents that they know who are what our sources biases are if in fact there are some um, so I think that we have to We have to think more about that and what what gives people trust in what we do Um, tell the public what our priorities are. So we uh, we've chosen three sort of filters for our stories Accountability inequality and sustainability. And so I put a couple of examples there about different stories that we've done that sort of follow along those lines We don't try to cover everything. There's some areas that other people are covering very well Uh, you know, so we don't try to Repeat what others are doing. We think about areas that others are not covering Maybe as well and areas where we can have impact and make change um continuous improvement regime for listening to the public we Have constantly have listening sessions. We have round tables small groups large groups where we listen to the public I saw a really cool story about I can't remember where it was, uh Alabama. They had a round table of, um, Muslim men and women that came and talked to their editors and gave them feedback about the muslim community Alabama If you can imagine that's probably a small community and a community that doesn't feel very listened to Um, so the alabama newspaper had a round table with them They had a round table with gun owners and and r.a. Members and did the same thing And that was one of a series of round tables that they had and the that feedback informs their coverage So it's really important that we listen to people Um, especially people that Don't get listened to typically in the media Um, and show your work is something I tell my reporters often you need to provide the raw materials used for stories So the headline how we identified lending disparities and federal mortgage data just we We gave a big explainer box, um in terms of where this data came from how we did it We often provide the raw data We want people to understand how we arrived at these conclusions. We also have experts that review a lot of our work um, so Gregory had asked me to talk a little bit about how can you know, you know, what's right and what to trust and I would bet that you're all very savvy news consumers that already know this um, but sometimes it helps to sort of talk about the finer points of it. So, um, you know, obviously the russia milling in our election They they use social media platforms very effectively to exploit vulnerability amongst some americans who For whatever reason there's a growing inability to distinguish between fact and fiction And to distinguish between trusted news sources and like say trolls or even Sites that look like real media and it's not that easy, right? So after the shooting in florida There was a white supremacist group that claimed we trained this kid, you know and the ap Lots of other mainstream media sources reported this Um, and then had this sort of backtrack uh, and so We're all learning as we go along Uh in this in this in this environment as i'm sure you all are Here's some sort of thoughts the clummy journalism review um had some good advice about How to how to suss out reliable news sources So they show a willingness to to retract to correct to apologize for misstatements in a timely manner So if you have a news source that is just clinging to this story despite Numerous people who seem to know what they're talking about saying no, this is wrong and here's the evidence why it's wrong Uh, and there's no obvious way to alert the organization to an error That's a red flag Reliable news outlets also rely on professional codes of ethics Including, you know how to ensure accuracy interest in contrary evidence Following the story regardless of its political political implication. You should have the courage as a news organization Uh to write about something that goes against your editorial board or against what your publisher endorsed or you know Against the grain in your community um, and I just you know showing examples here of Center for Investigative Reporting our ethics guide it goes from everything from aggregating news all the way to Unnamed sources and there's 30 different topics subtopics within our ethics policy So it's very detailed about how we can represent ourselves on social media about how we identify as ourselves as journalists Um about how we label photos how we edit photos All kinds of things Weather sources can pay for things. There's a lot of Gray area, but we always err on the side of what feels right. What is right? What will give readers confidence in our independence? That's sort of The first that's the first, you know, most important thing to me We need to keep sources that are arms length. We need to disclose any perceived conflicts of interest So whenever you see a story and um cr that has any mention of a news Of a funding organization. We disclose that So we did a story about I can't remember what it's had somebody with google and google news labs gives us some money And so we just we always disclose that right up top as an editor's note And people can look at the story and say well it was slanted or wasn't or whatever Um, I think disclosure is is step one Uh, you know, obviously reputable news organizations always label opinion as such and separate it from news You'll see sometimes news organizations will label things as a you know op-ed or analysis, which is sort of a hybrid Um, but you should quickly be able to tell if something is is analysis or its opinion Um, these are just some of our uh standards Not all of them by any means, but some of them that you know The um, is two for a non-profit news has a very good list of standards that um It advises non-profit news organizations to adopt and so we have adopted those Um that we retain full authority over editorial content that we have a firewall Um that donors don't basically get to tell us what to write. That's what it boils down to Um and so lastly, you know One of the things I do as a journalist myself is not only Do I um find news organizations that I trust but I find journalists that I can trust Either within those organizations or within other organizations There's some organizations that like I'm not quite sure about everybody there, but I know that this guy gets it right and um I think most people do more research about a restaurant that they go out to on a special night Then they do about their news organizations that they share with with their uh networks and so I think An important thing to do is vet the news organizations that you regularly follow and that you share Um, and so, you know, here's just a couple of things that I found on cgr and various other articles You know reliable journalists are calm. They're not You know screaming the news. They're not hyperventiling. It's it's it's They're not connected to the outcome of the news story Uh multiple positions of viewpoints, but there's this thing is known as false balance, which you'll sometimes see in some organizations Um, especially around scientific topics Most climate scientists the vast majority of climate scientists agree that global warming is occurring Agree that it's man-made that's science and I think we can state facts as facts um And so I don't feel the need in a news story to go out and and find a climate scientist who disagrees that global warming is occurring I think that that's an example of false balance Um I do find the need, you know to have multiple viewpoints on that issue So you would might talk to the oil and gas industry about why they don't want to be regulated Um, that's different. So also acknowledge gaps and inconsistencies, you know, you A reputable journalist will have portions of the story that say here's what we don't know or You know, this this person only told half the stories or last time he said this but now he says this So you should be you should find things like that in the stories of reputable journalists Uh, and and pursuing leads that run counter to your hunches and your preferences and and when that evidence pans out you should you know Give it appropriate attention the story and this is harder to do than you would think Because we all are informed by our life experiences Um, and we choose stories because we're passionate about them And the reason we're passionate about them is because we have an opinion And so you have to be able to check that opinion at the door Um Tell people why am I wrong? Why is this wrong? I want to see the other side of this and Frankly as a journalist, it's the shades of gray that are more interesting to me Uh, than the black and white in life Um, I just linked up here Reveal has online on our site our guide to spotting fake news and just has some general guidelines about You know how to tell when things Don't seem right. Um, generally these things are framed for shareability They're framed for uh, to be get demagogic Um, and that doesn't mean that that means it's fake news, but there's certain hallmarks of of And when you say fake news that means something that is completely made up and they're completely wrong and not based in fact It doesn't mean a story that I don't agree with a story that that um Makes a politician look bad that I that I like That's not fake news.  Um, I am happy to answer any questions Yeah


So, we are going to cover truss which is often you know applied mostly applied in civil infrastructures and as you see both of us are you know from civil engineering department. So, now we are going to keep this session very short. So, you have basically morning session I am going to cover the truss and truss will include method of joints, method of sections and also some other type of truss problems will also be solved. In addition to that we are also going to look at stability and unstability of a truss that means, when the truss is properly constrained and not properly constrained. So, with that we will have the one and half hour let us say lecture and then we will continue to do the tutorial problems. So, now see as you see truss you know almost everywhere in roads, in bridges, you know in foot over bridge and truss has been used. Now, why do we use a truss? Now, to summarize I would say that to design a truss first of all is very simple and also notice that all the truss members that we have they are very slender in nature. So, in that way what we can do we can actually make it more economical. So, there are two aspects to it one is the simple analysis that is what we are going to learn as well as also we can make it very economical compared to frame structures. Frame structures will have lot of complicated analysis and also we have to worry more about the moment being taken. So, sometimes sections are designed very heavily. So, let us just try to go through the important features of a truss. So, remember that truss consist of long and slender straight members connected at joints. So, we call A, B, C, D as you see here these are all joints and all the members are connected to the joints. Now, we can simply say that truss is nothing more than assembly of triangle. So, if you keep on adding few triangles so that makes a truss. But in actual practice what we see that how the connections are done here you can see here that there will be a gusset plate. So, we call it gusset plate and all the members are going to come and then we are going to make it either bolted or riveted. So, therefore, a fixity is induced there is some kind of fixity in this joint. However, during the analysis we say the members are pinned together and the reason we do this because it much easier to constructs this kind of joints than that of actual pin joints. However, pin joints are also seen you can see how the three members are connected by pin joints. That means they will be able to rotate that means small rotation is allowed. However, no bending is allowed no bending flexural deformation of the member will be allowed at the joint. So, they can actually try to rotate about this joints. Now, remember when we say that these members are pin jointed that means AC is a pin joint you know AD they are jointed by the pins at the two ends and I do not apply any load lateral load on the members then we can clearly say that all these members will be two force members. So, what is two force member as we have learnt that two force members are going to carry equal and opposite load right and their line of action has to be same as if there is only one load going through it. But in order to make the equilibrium possible we are saying that equal and opposite force with same line of action is there ok. So, if this is happening then the if the member is in tension then we are going to show like this if the member is under compression then we are going to show like this. So, remember as I said before also the members of a truss are slender and not capable of supporting large lateral loads. That means in a truss structure I will never try to put any load on the member laterally they will simply bend and they can break only thing it can do it can take a large amount of axial load. So, the members are designed for only axial loads and the loads must be applied at the joints again as we can see the members are always going to be light in weight and therefore very economical. Now remember that when we look at bridges we will see that there are 2 truss here you can see the 2 trusses are actually joined together how they are joined. So, this is kind of bridge deck that bridge deck now where the probably if you think of a railway bridge the train will pass through it. So, you can see or even it is a foot bridge then human being is crossing through this bridge. So, what is happening now this bridge deck can take the lateral load. So, if you look at the arrangements we are going to have some you know longitudinal members. So, these are we call you know take the bending these are called stringers and these are floor beams. Now here these members can actually take the lateral load or rather you know out of plane load that is coming from the weight of the body or weight of the vehicle and these are going to be transferred to the joints of the truss ok. Therefore, as we clearly demonstrated that loads must be applied at the joints in a truss. Now there are a variety of truss that is that are being used in civil engineering applications as you can see here that all of this truss are actually possible. However, those are given different types of names now depending on the applications depending on the you know person who has discovered this kind of truss first or even based on you know their shapes. So, all of this you can see clearly their assemblage of triangles, but you know it is not necessarily that all the time that a truss has to be a assembly of triangles ok. Now we are going to discuss about how do I define this truss when we are trying to do the analysis ok. So, in order to make this kind of truss table what would be the necessary condition for us. So, if we look at it carefully we can clearly see that how I am going to construct a truss. Let us think of this that I have a triangle and remember in this triangle I have three members and all members are pin connected that means I have a pin connection at A, pin connection at B and pin connection at C. Therefore, all these members are two force member. Now that is my basic triangular truss. So, if I consider the basic truss and now what I am going to do I am simply going to add two members and one connection that means two members are extruded and they are connected by a pin at D ok. Likewise I can again extend this that means I can extrude two members let us say D E and C E and again connected by a pin. So, therefore, I am going to form this kind of truss as I have demonstrated earlier ok. So, you can see now if that happens if I can construct a truss using this philosophy then I can say that I am following a thumb rule and that thumb rule is m equals to 2n minus 3 where m is the total number of members and n is the number of joints. So, as you can see here I have in this case five members how many joints I have I have four joints right. So, 2 times 4 minus 3 that is going to give me 5 and I will call this now this truss will be called a simple truss as long as this logic is maintained and I can construct this truss. However, remember as I said before that it is not necessary that to maintain this logic I have to always come up with a triangle assembly. For example, in this case you can see that B E and D is a basic triangular truss ok and from that I am going to extrude two members right. So, this part becomes a simple truss you can see here right and here you see that it is now still I can do m equals to 2n minus 3 in this case and I can come up with this kind of structure this kind of truss. So, the idea is I have to still call this is a simple truss, but it is not necessarily made up only of triangles. However, in practice we tend to always maintain the triangular shape. Now, what does a simple truss would do? What do I mean by simple truss? Remember what happens if I have a simple truss for example, a basic truss like this or this or that if I support it properly using three reactions. So, proper three reactions are induced in this truss it will be perfectly stable it can sustain any amount of load and also observe that if we construct a truss like this right. Then if we apply any kind of loading which can come from the external load or support reactions the internal geometry will not change that means a simple truss is always internally rigid. So, what is most important that if it is a simple truss it is always internally rigid. So, the internal rigidity will always be maintained that means no angle here would change if you apply the load the truss internally will not collapse. However, if you look at this truss now if I really apply a load what can happen? We can clearly see that there will be tendency that this joint can basically come to here and this will be shifted out. So, therefore, this truss can collapse. So, a simple truss will be always internally rigid it will not internally collapse, but if you try to form any other type of truss without this mechanism we have to be extremely careful and therefore, it can internally collapse. Now, how do I analyze a truss? Remember just going back to it suppose this is a truss where I have 4 joints and 5 members. So, you can see this is simple truss where I have m equals to 2n minus 3 that is number of members must be equals to 2 times joints minus 3. So, before we analyze this truss we have to make sure that what are the supports I have what kind of supports I have. So, here you have a pin connection. So, there is a hinge here and we have a roller or a rocker here. So, that means first I identify the support reactions. So, as we can see I have A x and A y and here we have B y. So, these are the 3 support reactions. Now, to analyze the truss by method of joints we will always try to consider the equilibrium of joints. So, what will happen if I keep on dismembering the I want to isolate the members. So, therefore, if I isolate what we are going to have we are either going to have a compressive force on it or a tensile forcing. Now, as per the Newton's third law suppose this member is in compression then on the joint if I look at the joint A it is simply going to be transferred back to the joint. So, there will be an opposite force that is going to the joint. So, in the joint it is going to be inward. So, a compressive force in the member will be inward in the joint whereas, if you look at it carefully we see that a tensile member that means let us say if it is under tension the tensile member the tension force will go as a force in the joint which is outward. So, a compressive force on the joint will be always inward a tensile force in the joint will be always outward and that will tell me that then if I know the nature of the member forces then I should be able to transmit these forces into the joints. So, likewise what is happening here if I keep on dismembering all the members if I isolate the members and transfer these forces back onto the joints and I look at the joint equilibrium. Now, how many joint equilibrium I have? So, per joint remember I have 2 equilibrium equations because at the joint remember at the joint I have concurrent system of forces. You can see here therefore there is no moment equation only thing that I have sum of force along x equals to 0 and sum of force along y equals to 0. So, in that way in this problem how many joints I have I have 4 joints therefore I have total of 8 equilibrium equations. So, I can create 8 equilibrium equations in this case. So, on the basis of that if I have 8 equilibrium equations then I should be able to solve for maximum of 8 unknowns. The question is do I have 8 unknowns in this problem? The answer is yes because we can see clearly that I have 5 member forces as unknown. So, 5 unknown forces from the member and I have 3 reactions from the support as unknown. So, total unknowns are actually 8 and I can have 8 equilibrium equations. So, we have to adopt to this logic. So, what it means essentially for a simple truss we said that m equals to 2 n minus 3.  So, as long as m plus r equals to 2 n where m is the number of members r is the number of reactions and n is the number of joints as long as this is maintained I can say that the truss is statically determinate. And it is in this problem completely constrained because the way the reactions are being acting here that will make the truss absolutely stable. It cannot move in any direction. So, therefore this truss will be statically determinate and completely constrained. However, remember that this statement right here m plus r equals to 2 n does not guarantee that the truss will be properly constrained. That means it can still be an unstable truss and therefore in that case if it is so I cannot say that it is statically determinate as well because in that case what will happen basically all the equilibrium equations will not be satisfied. So, the idea is that when we start solving the problem I have to ensure to make it at least statically determinate I have to say m plus r equals to 2 n. Now, it may be unstable truss if it is unstable then equilibrium equations may be violated and we will see that towards the end of this session. So, for the time being let us assume that the problem that we are going to target can be solved by the static equilibrium equations and they are properly constrained. That means I should have m plus r equals to 2 n as well as the reactions should be acting in such a way that the truss will not be able to make any movement in any directions. Now to start the analysis remember one of the way to solve would be I have to show each joint I can choose and I can start solving the problem by saying sum of force equals to x equals to 0 sum of force along y equals to 0 and it will be always advisable that we start from a joint where I have only two unknowns. For example, in this problem by taking the global equilibrium I can solve for the reactions first. So, reaction will let us say be solved then I will be interested in finding out what are the member forces and if it is so then I will just go to this joint right here let us say then I have only two unknowns here the member forces and I can solve for this member forces by saying by taking the equilibrium along the x direction and along the y direction at this joint. Now remember if you keep doing this what will ultimately happen that for each joint I will be able to construct a force polygon and the force polygon can be drawn. So, this will give you a instant visual feedback that how my joint forces should look like. For example, in this case so it will always give you a closed force in a closed force polygon. So, the closed force polygon means there is no actually resultant because resultant vanishes resultant equals to 0 and that is the equilibrium. So, what will happen you can see here that if I look at this joint particularly which is being depicted here we see here that reaction is first solved and reaction has to be upward. Now if the reaction remains upward and I want to construct a force polygon in this case you know closed polygon then this member has to be under compression such that on the joint it is pointing inward ok. So, this will be F that is the compressive force on the member and this has to be tensile force on the member and thereby I have a closed polygon whose resultant is equals to 0. So, once we start from this joint let us say and I can get an instant visual feedback that yes this member has to be under compression and this member has to be under tension. We could also do that using the simple sum of force along x equals to 0 and sum of force along y equals to 0, but this is going to be unique that you have to always construct with these directions. The direction will remain same I am not saying that you cannot do it other way around it is possible, but the direction cannot be altered. These directions cannot be altered it cannot be you know taken to the other direction. It has to be always a closed circuit and to maintain that closed circuit direction of the forces has to be like this. Similarly, once I solve this joint then I can immediately move to the next joint and first I know the AF. So, I draw the AF now to make a force polygon I have to say EF this way and BF this way such that the circuit is closed the polygon is closed. So, in this way instantly I will know that what are the members are in tension and what are the members are in compression. We could go to more and more complex joints you can clearly see that ultimately in all cases if the joint equilibrium is satisfied we should be able to come up with a force polygon which will look like either a triangle or a polygon. Now what we are going to study we are going to study the joints under special loading conditions. Now to do so remember in my mind I am always trying to take the joint equilibrium and try to see what relationship exist between various members that are connecting at a joint. So, I could either do sum of force along x equals to 0 or sum of force along y equals to 0. Remember x and y are always two perpendicular axis and they can be oriented in any manner. It is not always necessary that x will be horizontal and y will be vertical. Just keep that in mind we can either look at sum of force along x equals to 0 or y equals to 0 or we can take the methodology of the force polygon whichever way we like it we can do it. So, what happens force in opposite members intersecting in two straight lines. So, see A E is a member A C is a member A D and A B they are intersecting in two straight lines. What will happen we can clearly see that A B is equals to A D and A C is equals to A E. So, that means whenever we have opposite members intersecting at a joint and the joint does not have any additional load that means external load then we can always say that forces in the opposite members are equal. Similarly, how about this joint now you have two members which is collinear and then one member is like this. In this member you can see the force is acting which is collinear to this member A C. Now how do I determine what relationship exist between the member forces or with the load. Now remember if I take a horizontal equilibrium then it immediately tells me that A D equals to D B and if A D is equals to D B then from the vertical equilibrium I will have A C must be equals to P that means this member has to be under compressor. Now how about this one now here no external loads are applied then immediately what will happen this member will be equals to 0. So, the force in the third member will be 0 if there is no force acting along that member otherwise that member will simply be equals to the load that is acting along that member. Now if you come to the next one forces in two members connected at a joint are equal if the members are aligned. Now if the members are aligned I can clearly say that the forces are going to be equal in this member otherwise they will be 0 that means in this case if this is the you know condition of a joint I have only two members connecting like this then both members will go to 0. Now we are going to take a very simple exercise to see that if I understand the spacing special loading conditions in the joint then analysis of truss could be very simple that means what just inspecting various joints I can immediately get some of the member forces. So, some member forces can be immediately obtained as long as any of these conditions are met. So, suppose this is a truss it is a simple truss as you can see here load is applied it has a hinge joint here it has a roller support here. So, two reactions now you can see clearly the members that are marked in green color. So, for example if I just look at this joint looking at this joint I can immediately tell that C B is equals to 0. So, the member force in this member is 0 force in this member is 0 similarly if I look at this joint I can say the member force is going to be 0. Now what happens at K if I look at this joint K j is 0 then immediately I can jump to joint j if I go to the joint j now joint j is under which condition now since j k is already 0 joint j comes in under this category you see now when it is under this category then if you see if I take the equilibrium perpendicular to this axis. So, that means if I take equilibrium perpendicular to B D right then AC has to be 0. So, therefore in this case j i also should be equals to 0. Now I cannot predict any other joints in this case or in other words no other joints are actually falling under this category. However, there is a joint that is going to this one. So, since I know j i let us say I know j i already can I come to i if I come to i joint i then what is happening then I see this is under this category I have two members like this and third member is aligned with the load. So, third member is aligned with the load and as we know therefore, I H must be equals to 20 kilo Newton. So, firstly what we have learnt is that it will be simple to understand the 0 force member. So, 0 force members are BC, IJ and JK and we can clearly see the 0 force members are quickly obtained if this condition is there or this condition is there where by AC is also equals to 0. So, going by this I can always say that what are my 0 force member in the truss. So, we will take a quick example of 0 force member let us try to identify what are the 0 force member in this truss for the given loading. Can we identify quickly the answer is yes how about if I just first try to understand that we have to make sure the we know how the reactions are going to come into play. So, one reaction here will be vertical reaction here and vertical reaction here there is no horizontal reaction. So, therefore, now we go to the special conditions. So, I can clearly see to go to the 0 force member if I really go to this member right here I can clearly say that IE equals to 0. Similarly, once IE is known let us say then again I can go to join T now join T is under that special condition where if you take a equilibrium perpendicular to HC I am going to get EB equals to 0. So, EB is 0, IE is 0 what else is 0 in this case. How about IJ is it a 0 force member the answer is yes now you have a vertical reaction here right and if you look at the joint equilibrium here there is nothing to balance. So, IJ has to be also equals to 0 similarly if IJ is equals to 0 then IH is also equals to 0 from joint I then you go to let us say on the other side similarly the logic that we have say there is a if you look at the joint equilibrium here of this joint I have a reaction here that reaction will be taken by this load right here. However, there is nothing to balance this force. So, therefore, this will also be equals to 0 anything else could be 0 yes if this is equals to 0 if any other FG equals to 0 then GH is also equals to 0. So, we can take one more examples of this. So, try to identify quickly what are the 0 force member very immediately we can say LG is 0, Ni is 0, CAH is 0, EJ is 0, DE is 0. So, all of this has to be looked at very quickly very thoroughly and very quickly. So, you can clearly see that all of these joints are falling under those special category and therefore, we can very easily identify the 0 force members on a truss. Now, before I get into the method of joints is there any points to discuss here before we go to the detail analysis of a truss that try to find out the member forces can we have any kind of discussions here. 1139 go ahead for your question. You have shown such a simple truss sir and there you are saying that two members are required to form a two members and one joint, but there you have not defined the truss definition. No, you are directly given m is equal to 2 n minus 3 m is equal to 2 n minus 3 yes. So, the logic is that now see before even get into the truss. So, your question is why did I call it a simple truss. So, it is a truss it truss yes. So, the idea is see truss is what as I said see you can when we are explaining we can say the truss is just a formation of triangles. If we have triangles on the system right I can say it is a some kind of truss remember I am assuming that all the joints are pin also that has to be a condition. Now, simple truss when I am illustrating for the simple truss I am saying that when you think of a basic triangular truss if I have a just a triangle you apply any kind of load it should not be internally deformed first I make sure that the body that I have chosen is properly rigid. If I cannot say the body is rigid then I cannot say that that is a good truss that is a stable truss because internally if the it is collapsing then there is no point of discussion. So, to define a proper internally rigid truss we came to the definition of a simple truss.  So, m equals to 2 n minus 3 that logic is always being maintained. However, it was not necessary that it will always form know the triangles I have also shown an example but by m equals to 2 n minus 3 it is not going to be proper triangle but remember that if I follow that logic it is always going to be internally rigid that means no matter how I apply the load the internal angle will not change that is the rigid body concept and then we can solve for the forces external forces. So, internal rigidity is being maintained in a simple truss. Now, to make the entire truss to be stable then we have to see that what kind of support reactions are necessary. Now, if you support a simple truss by 3 reactions then it is fine. I want to add one sentence to format truss 3 basic bars are required and 3 joints are required. That is the basic triangular truss. You are absolutely right. I need minimum I need 3 members and 3 joints. Sir, the problem that we just discussed in that we were finding the one we were finding the 0 force member sir. If you look into the half part of it yesterday we had a problem that was solved by Mandar Inamda sir. In that case he had particularly considered a particular beam to be 0 force member whereas in this case we are not doing the same. So, the last problem that we just saw where we were considering the 0 force members. Sir, the link DE that we have, in that case it was yesterday he had the same configuration but it was horizontal. This is a vertical configuration. He had a horizontal configuration back then.  So, let me understand your problem question clearly. So, because the last problem means you are talking about the one now in the slide. The problem one this one. Sir, the other one.  The question was why it is a 0 force member i.e. Sir, the problem is that why if DE is a 0 force member why not DD is a 0 force member in this case. So, now your question was why DE is a 0 force member but not BD. Remember all of the time I am looking at a joint equilibrium. So, what I am saying here that if I consider a joint and these member forces are transmitting the force into the joint that is the first part. Now, I am simply considering this joint has to be in equilibrium. Now, I have already proved in this from this side that i e is equals to 0. Now, if i e is equals to 0 then if I come to this joint just think of this joint now has this force this force and this force. So, E h, E c and E b. Now, E h and E c they are equal to each other just think of taking an equilibrium along the E c axis. Now, if this is so then E c must be equals to E h. But if I take a equilibrium perpendicular to this line of E h and E c then what happens then there is nothing to balance no force there is to balance for E b. So, that means that is equals to 0 come with the same logic this side. What happens now I have to start from joint g first of all is it clear why E b is equals to 0 did you follow me. Now, let us come to this side I am starting from joint g can you please tell what is the force in g d. It will be equal to p. Yes absolutely great. So, now if this force is equals to p remember in this case it was 0 now this is p. Now, you think of same way that means what happens if I take a vertical equilibrium about this line h. If I consider h and I try to take a perpendicular equilibrium what that would give me that would give me now a relationship between b d and p. Therefore, b d cannot be equals to 0 is that clear now. So, it is all about equilibrium about any two axis that is what we are doing because remember now joint is simply a particle and on that particle I am applying concurrent system of forces because all the member forces are coming and meeting to this joint it becomes a concurrent force system and the resultant has to be 0 that means what sum of force along x equals to 0 sum of force along y equals to 0. All I am saying that x y can be any two perpendicular axis need not to be horizontal and vertical. Therefore, since you have said that d g is equals to p if I take a ideally consider an equilibrium perpendicular to a h then you can see that d b of some angle must be equals to p of some angle. So, therefore, d b is not non-zero is that clear now. Yes sir yes sir 1 1 3 1 in problem 1 the full bottom core member appears to be in 0 force in practical how will it be possible that the full member f j will not have any force neither tension or compression. So, your question is that there are so many members let us say there are so many members that are going to 0. So, let us say I have you know in the bottom cord of that truss bottom members all are 0 how is that possible. So, we do not think like this that is a special condition of a loading for a given loading the member forces are going to 0, but in a practical when we are designing a we have to design it based on all possible combinations of loading. So, all possible combinations of loading will not give to be lead to 0 force. So, it depends on I may get some forces to be 0 for a given condition of loading given set of external loading, but it may not be 0 all the time is that clear now. So, for a particular loading it is just 0, but it is not necessary that there will be always 0 depends on the loading condition.  No fine no whatever it goes that is a different issue which member will be in which compression or tension it is fine, but see remember your truss is a simple truss it is properly supported supported by the reactions properly it is a properly constraint and stable truss. That means no matter whatever tension compression coming into play it is fine, but the truss will not deform truss cannot deform it is being a rigid body internally rigid. Now, there are actual deformation that will take of course place, but what I am trying to say actual deformation is what we study in the you know when we go to the next level of course on structure analysis there will study the actual deformation, but in this case engineering mechanism rigid body concept is intact that means that truss can as a whole move that means as a whole it can translate or as a whole it can rotate that is the rigid body, but I cannot say that individual parts are actually you know doing the tension and compression that means individual parts are actually deforming in such a way that entire truss will collapse I cannot say that. So, that is the whole point of same and we will come to that in this session itself towards the end when it is not going to be stable and when it is going to be stable internally even. Just a small one more doubt in the initial slides of internally rigid trusses. Which one? Simple trusses one deep. Yes. I think third force light it might be. Yeah go ahead. Yes sir. Yes. That figure in that figure we have shown one force acting at B dash B is the force actually applied on the structure this is the force being applied now consequence is that see that brings in the concept of why a simple truss is rigid and why other truss is not rigid. This is not a simple truss first of all. This is not a simple truss because it does not start from a basic truss triangular truss look at the concept of simple truss here. First I must identify a basic triangular truss that means that has to be formed by three members and three pins. Then I start doing this operation. Now here that is not maintained first of all and the consequence is very very simple. If you apply a load every joint is a pin what will happen? This joint can rotate this joint can rotate. There is no member that this joint will transfer the force to member to make it simple truss I needed a member BD. I needed a member BD I repeat to make it a simple truss I need a member BD. If I do not have BD consequence is severe the truss will collapse because there is no load to support this externally applied load. You can see now just from the intuition this joint will try to move this way because there is a pin here it will try to adjust themselves. So, this will simply undergo rigid body rotation this is also coming down it can deform into different shape depending on to what kind of load you are applying. But in this truss if you apply a load it is not going to deform in any manner like the way it is shown. So, internally this is rigid you are see there is a small deformation that deformation is not what we are talking about that deformation is always present that comes in strength of materials. When we solve for the forces remember that deformation does not do anything unless otherwise it is a very very large deformation. Because engineering mechanics we started with a rigid body concept based on the fact that the body can only translate and rotate. For example, if you have a beam right a beam you apply a load of course there is a deformation that is a bending deformation to the beam. But when we are solving the forces where that is where is that bending we are not taking into account right. So, here problem is very different first we proved that this entire truss itself is a internally rigid truss it cannot change any angle means it will not collapse under the action of load it will not collapse the word collapse is used in this case it will collapse it cannot sustain how can it sustain this load. So, simple truss is always internally rigid and this is not internally rigid because you have pins they are able to rotate itself ok. So, there is a actual deformation that actual deformation is the next study. But there is a real deformation the real deformation if it takes place real means that is a rigid body deformation that means we are really going to share the collapse stage ok yes. Sir, we preferably go for the perfect frames always means it is satisfying the condition m is equal to 2 n minus 3. Why? Sometime we may need to go for redundant frames also. So, how to ensure how to think? So, now I got your questions you are saying now first of all this is a truss ok I am not talking about frame here your question is what is a redundant frame redundant is simply statically indeterminacy even you can think in terms of truss perspective suppose due to severe load one member fails right then the truss become unstable if I make it perfectly statically determinate then if one member fails then the truss cannot sustain the load it will collapse. So, what we do we add few extra members that will make it indeterminate. So, that will be the redundant members. So, we prefer to always make truss redundant you are absolutely correct we always prefer to make a truss with lot of indeterminacy because if one member fails at least the truss will not collapse ok yeah, but we are not going to solve indeterminate problem and that will bring in the essence of what your colleague was telling before when you want to solve indeterminate problem we have to look at the kinematics actual deformation of the truss ok then actual deformation will come into play and that will couple to solve for the extra unknown forces ok that is in structural analysis sir in practice whether we shall prefer the redundant frames then it is always desired in case of a truss it is desired we tend to do it, but it is all depends on the designer in practice you will always try to decide on a redundant frame you are and in fact there are lot of research how to make a building redundant you know more redundancy, but the you have to minimize the redundancy also it is not that you want to make it extremely redundant because your economy comes into play also ok 1, 2, 7, 9 go ahead for your question. Yes sir what is the ease of zero force member in a truss why we why we incorporate zero force members in the truss? Your question is why do we incorporate zero force member on truss my answer is we do not incorporate zero force member it is a consequence of the external loading as a designer I will always try to make different kind of loading conditions for that loading conditions I design the truss now I have given a problem in such a way that some members are becoming zero due to that loading it is not the incorporation of zero force member, but if I apply some other loading on to the truss they will not be zero no they will not be zero ok Is there any criteria on the number of zero zero force members no, no, no there is nothing like zero force member incorporation it is a process depending on how you apply the load in the structure ok.


Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We have five days a week, we go seven hours a day, we go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows. Hope everyone's having a great day, safe day. Let's make a great weekend folks, the TGIF. In fact, it could be March 17th out here today because everything is green. Cultivate wisdom. You don't need to accumulate knowledge to become wise. Anyone can become wise. When you become wise, you respect your body, you respect your mind, and you respect your soul. When you become wise, your life is controlled by your heart, not your head. Mugged wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow, industrial's up 360, Nasdaq's up 236, S&P's up 62, gold contract trading up $9.60 at 18.16 an ounce. We have Silver up 40 cents, $20.74 an ounce. Light Sweet Crew down 239, $91.96 a barrel, notes and bonds. A 10-year note, up 6 ticks, trading 1.1908, the 30-year up 21 at 1.4021, and King Dollar. King Dollar's up by 559 ticks, trading at 105, 649. We have the Euro out here at a price point of 102. The yen is at 133, and the British pound is trading at 121 to 1 US dollar. Our phone number's<PHONE_NUMBER>, give us a call, folks. One note's going on in your world, and the world of the S&P's, let's take a look at it. And what do you have? Well, bottom line, we're right back up at the highs. Gave it up on price yesterday. The spy's over it, it's gonna come in with light volume, but the bottom line, it's over it. The high of yesterday was 424.95, the bottom line, this thing is shooting for this 429. That's the, the benchmark here is the fourth, the fourth of May, folks. You know, bottom line, that level there, by the way, that's 144 million shares, and we've done all of 34 today. Now, I don't expect the spy to give it up on price, meaning pull back to this 429, 424 level, so the spy will not have a failure out here today. The NDX 100, now, this is a little bit different ballgame here. We take a look at the Q's, what you have with the Q's, the Q's are approaching the high of yesterday. The Q's, okay, we gave it up on price, and we gave it up 45 million shares. The Q's will probably do about 35 million. It hasn't reached the high yet. The high is 330.36, we've hit 329.94. We'll see how this shakes out. Volume contraction in a monster way, no doubt. Now, we're also going, it's the same benchmark, the benchmark is May 4th. That number there is 330.29. Now, it would have been really sweet, actually, if we actually went up and tested that. We haven't done that yet. Bottom line, if we take this, and we put this on the weekly, you're gonna see the bottom line is that when it holds price, it holds price, and it'll go for it. And that's still the number. The amount of volume that's going into the supply line is extraordinary. What I want you to also gauge, look at the volumes, okay? Now, we've had a great run. There's no doubt about that. But see the last five weeks, every one of them, that's a nice trend line down. Let me go back to the spy. I wanna see that in the spy. It's expected to be the same thing. We take the spy, put this on the weekly also. Not as bad, see, it's interesting. Like two weeks ago, we went higher with volume. So it's not the same setup. Last two weeks have been low. But bottom line, this week here, you are gonna have light volume. Gold, gold contract out here. We had gold contract, reject lower price today at the 1799 level. Right now, gold's trading out at a price point of 1816. 111,000 contracts. Now, that's not bad contract volume. The reason it's not bad is that we actually were testing lows, not the highs. And we get over to King Dollar. Now, this is the most deviant thing. No doubt because you have a rally going and the bottom line is that the rally's going with the dollar going higher, which is unusual. No doubt about that. What I expect we're gonna see here is this. Inside of the dollar, the bottom line is that we broke the trend line and we broke it with conviction. The channel line. We're gonna go up and test that channel line. Now that channel line, the test of the channel line is 106049. I suspect it looks like to me, we're gonna test that Monday. So we'll see how that shakes out. If it bangs right through it, then a whole different ball game. We'll see whether it can hold or not. Some of the higher volume equities that we have out here today, and this will be a little, oh, here, no, let's do the composite. The composite right now, as I brought up in the update, is crucial in the reason being, if you're a bull folks, okay, in the market, okay? Well, this is still short term too, okay? In the bull in the market, that's fine, but the way that this is coming into it. So yesterday, we did 5.7 billion, and we're going into May 4th, which we're going into, let's go get May 4th. So again, I think it was 5.4 billion, or 5.7, it was the same thing. It was a good number, man. So you can see that 5.7 yesterday, May 4th, 5.4, it was 5.4. So what happens there is that you're going into that and you had an expansion of volume, which is awesome. That's how it's supposed to be when price and volume are going. Well, the problem is that what you're going to do out here today is you're going to test it with dramatically light of volume, man, so it's running out of gas. That's how this thing works, man. So that's a problem. That's the bottom line, you know. The top of the high yesterday was 13,026, and I suspect we're going to get it. And if we get it and then you don't close there, that's where the problem comes in because we're only five points away from it right now. So depending where you stand, you know, bottom line is that I expect what you're going to do is you're going to get a test. And as we said yesterday, I suspect this thing's going to still back down. It's going to back down and fill up those gaps that we have out there. So the other higher volume equities out here we have and it will be a lower volume day. Where are you? Come on, what's that wrong one? Most, there we go. We got, come on. You get, let's see, Apple's up 349. You have Nvidia up $7. Draft King's up 199. You got Tesla up $37. Peloton is up 177.  You got Facebook up 269. Yeah, Micron up 290. You can see it's all green, man. OnSemi's up $4.5. You got Microsoft up 3.9. Inside the NDX100, the strength versus the weakness inside the NDX. You have Workday up 6%, Amats up 5%, Micron's up 4.6, Tesla's up 4.3. Taken away from it. Aluminum is down 8.7. C-Gen is down 1.8. Pinduodoo is down 1.7. Stay right there, folks. We'll come right back.


The word safe means protected from or not exposed to danger or risk or not likely to be harmed or lost unless you're on the SCP wiki in which case it means not likely to escape containment. Today let's talk about how you're probably wrong about object classes. The image you're looking at right now contains 25 separate object classes and it's not entirely comprehensive. It was compiled by Antizar of Quers and it is actually useful since it's a flowchart. You start here and you know you can move throughout the flowchart to find out if your object would fit into an esoteric class. The answer is no your object probably doesn't fit into an esoteric class. In fact I'll make a point right now there is no good reason to use an esoteric class unless you absolutely have to and I say this as someone who personally has done it more than once but uh and we're gonna go through the object classes that aren't esoteric in just a second but just to make a point esoteric means anything that isn't safe, euclid, keter, uh, thomial, explained, neutralized. We'll get this out of the way early on. The word keter as used by the SCP foundation I'm pronouncing it keter because that's how I've always pronounced it and that's how most English language speakers have begun to pronounce it and therefore it becomes valid as a pronunciation because people pronounce it that way. If enough people pronounce something one way it becomes a valid possible pronunciation for it which is how language works but the actual word is Hebrew and it's supposed to be pronounced keter so if someone does say keter they are not wrong and really have a better claim to being right than I do but I'm not here to tell you about how you're not wrong. See the real issue with object classes in a more general sense is that they don't at least the core ones don't really communicate a whole lot of information to an audience. In object classes at least the core basic object classes are generally about the difficulty of containment. In fact they're mostly about containment. The original four or the original three safe euclid and keter are only about containment. Thomial is still about containment though it's about it in a different way and obviously neutralized or explained or decommissioned which decommissioned is still esoteric but it's a little bit more common I think than most but decommissioned is sort of a in a way a roundabout way still about containment. See a lot of site based authors or even just well read readers will look at object classes and you know when a new person comes along they'll be like is it safe how dangerous is it and they'll go it's not about danger it's about containment which to me personally betrays a little bit of lack of self-awareness because think about it if your base object classes are safe euclid and keter what reasonable person wouldn't think that safe means safe and you act in all smug and superior about it isn't going to change the fact that this classification system is just bad safe doesn't mean what it actually means euclid is you know what does euclid mean whenever anyone see your sword euclid the only thing they think about is euclidean geometry or non or for the scp wiki non euclidean geometry even though they use it often in a way that doesn't make any sense and keter just means crown which interestingly enough probably means that keter was supposed to be the top level right it's the crown it's the highest level of i mean in cabala keter is the crown at the top of the separathe of the tree of life so it's like it's funny because now they're like super keter no keter is the top it is support at least it's supposed to be it's not anymore because there are other people want to throw in s like people want to throw in an esoteric class that's essentially super keter and be like ha now i'm important because my scp that i wrote is much much harder to contain than anything else and to be completely and totally honest with you keter is the only word that actually has any sort of deeper meaning to it euclid is named after a person safe as a very basic word whereas keter at least in cabala is supposed to be like the most hidden of things and completely incomprehensible to man which you know it sort of fits in with the scp foundation's usage of the word but the idea of each of these object classes they they have a particular purpose so we're going to go over this particular purposes really quickly because it's not too difficult to understand safe again isn't about the danger of the object it's about how easy it is to contain if you have a magic wand it doesn't matter if that magic if you point that magic wand at a person if a but a person has to pick it up first a person has to be holding it then point it at another person and speak a word that only you know and it shoots nuclear fire out of the other end it doesn't matter that it just created thermonuclear detonation and destroyed the surrounding six square kilometers if you can put it in a box and absolutely nothing will happen it doesn't matter how dangerous it is as a weapon it's safe now if people find out about that object and come in and try and steal it there can be it or often come in and try to steal it there could be an argument made to raise it to euclid because there is more requirements to try and keep it in containment but the object itself without anyone knowing about it would just be safe and that moves us into euclid now euclid is generally the baseline for any humanoid entity because living things require extra levels of attention you have to feed them you have to care for them you have psychological care and all these other things and if they have an ability you have to make sure that they don't willingly activate it if it's a willingly activated thing and if it's not willingly activated you have to basically keep their emotional health in check that kind of thing so if it's alive and it's anomalous it's almost certainly euclid there are maybe a few cases where you could argue that it's safe but almost certainly at least yes you'd say not euclid exclusively at least euclid and keter is reserved for objects that are nearly impossible to contain now this could be very very difficult to contain like requires a very a set of very specific containment procedures or regardless of what you do say you could put it in a box and that's the only real way to keep it in containment it still sometimes activates or it still sometimes does the anomalous thing and can use that ability to get out of containment so that's it basically each of these three object classes covers the basics either it's you can put it in a box and nothing happens or you put it in a box and you have to care for it a little bit or you put it in a box and you constantly have to pay attention to it and care for it or else it'll escape those are the three object classes safe euclid and keter now there's a fourth object classes used i'd say probably more than any other esoteric classes and it's technically not esoteric it's one of the standard object classes because it's just become so common and that one is thomial now thomial isn't necessarily about how easy or difficult it is to contain it but rather about how it is used for containment of other anomalies it has to be itself anomalous and also be useful and used to contain other anomalies and that's it and to be honest with you i think thomial gets a little overused like people are like treat it as though it's super keter remember everyone keter is the top when it comes to difficulty of containment there isn't anything more difficult to contain than keter saying something is super keter or an object class that is more difficult to contain than keter would be like saying something can be very perfect it's a binary thing it either is or it isn't it can't be very perfect that's not a real possibility and there are two other object classes which are used a little bit let's say not often but probably more often than any of the other esoteric classes and that is explained and neutralized and both of those are very simple explained is exactly what that says on the 10 it is an object that is no longer considered anomalous you know 100 years ago a highly radioactive substance would be considered a probably a keter scp object it would be considered anomalous we wouldn't understand how it works or what it is but today it's perfectly understood through science so it's explained this is just an idea to allow for some history of the foundation to be shown to the reader because essentially what you're doing is you're saying stuff like those old objects existed and this is what the foundation was like back then anytime you see an explained scp it's usually i should say anytime but it's usually an effort to go into the history of the scp foundation now neutralized is completely different neutralized is an scp object that is no longer anomalous because the scp foundation or someone else it's usually the scp foundation but sometimes it's other people have actually either eliminated it or removed its anomaly now the best example of that is if you had a reality warper that was an scp object and you just killed them somehow you shot them in the head let's say you put them in a room with a bunch of scranton reality anchors and you killed them that would be a neutralized anomaly anyway that said thank you for watching if you liked it scroll down hit the subscribe button and then hit the notification bell next to that so you'll be notified as soon as i upload my next video and if you want to continue to support this kind of content head on over to patreon.com forward slash de samarian and pledge at any level it's nice to know that i'm not alone out here i'll see you all again on thursday oh and you aiden i think it's aiden right yeah uh i'm going to need you to hit the subscribe button you skipped it you listened to me say hit the subscribe button and then you didn't do it so do it right now don't worry about the patreon right now but you know think about it when you get to 18 that's it


I think, you know, being open and honest, not just with yourself, but also with your target audience, with your potential funders and even list of funders or donors is extremely important. And even for me in face Africa, we're at the moment going through an extremely challenging period in terms of cash flow. And so we've had to take a step back and reassess our financial position, our financial standing. So now we're in the process of having this conversation with our supporters, with our funders to say to them, you know, we need you to invest in face Africa as an institution so that we can be sustainable.