Okay, so welcome everyone to this virtual community meeting regarding the slide changed regarding this the upcoming stop six poly oversight echo height street improvements project. My name is Greg Robin and I'm a project manager with the city for worth transportation public works department on the call as well are representatives from the water department, the engineer consultant, the contractor. The city's construction inspector and they'll be around at the end to help answer any questions that you might have with us as well. We have Sandy who's the district director for council district 5.  There we go. Thank you to everybody for attending this meeting as he shared this meeting is recorded. So if you have any neighbors that we're not able to join tonight, they'll be sending a link out. Or maybe putting it on the city website so you can go back and see the presentation and here's what's said. Thank y'all for coming. Thank you, Sandy. Yeah. So, like she said, this meeting is being recorded. So, it'll be on the city's YouTube. Web page you can just go to YouTube and type type in city of Fort Worth and you will and you'll be able to find it and there will be a project page created for this as well. You can find on the city for with website and we'll host the video there as well. Or put a link to it and I'll have the website at the end.  I'm not sure why. There we go. Okay. So this presentation. This meeting is meant to provide you with some information about the scope of this project that's happening in your area and provide you with information regarding the upcoming construction and the schedule. So, here's the agenda that I'm hoping to cover in my brief presentation. I'll be talking about the project as a whole, providing a summary of the improvements on each street associated with the project, talking about the construction process, discussing the expecting expected schedule, moving forward and then blocking some time off the end. Like I said, to answer some of your questions and comments and address any concerns that you may have. So, first, we'll talk about the overall scope of the improvements associated with the project. So, this project includes 4 streets that are cited for reconstruction. So they are Burton Avenue from South QC instead in Crouch Street from Burton Avenue to East Berry Street. Quelle's Lane from Miller Avenue to South Edgewood Terrace and Chickasaw Avenue from Miller Avenue to MLK Freeway. So, this slide just shows that all the streets in this project are funded by the 2022 bond. I'll have a little bit more on that later on in the presentation. So, on the next couple of slides, I'll discuss the existing conditions present on these streets and give you a breakdown of the proposed improvements for each street. So, the slide shows the existing conditions of these streets and why they were slated for reconstruction. You can see from the picture the issues that we will be correcting include damaged asphalt pavement, missing or broken curbs and gutters, damaged or missing sidewalk or missing driveways or damaged driveways, as well as replacing or upgrading the water and sewer utilities under the street. So, now I'll go through each street individually and discuss the improvements that are expected to be made. So, on Burton Avenue, we're replacing the existing 8-inch water line under the street, upgrading the 6-inch sewer to an 8-inch. We'll be providing new concrete pavement with concrete curbs. We'll be providing new concrete driveways with an 11-foot minimum width or what will match the existing width that you already have. On this street, there will be new 5-foot sidewalks on one side of the street. It does alternate from one side to the other, but at least one side we'll have new sidewalks. On Crout Street, we are replacing existing 8-inch water lines, new concrete pavement, new concrete curbs, same thing, new concrete driveways, and a 5-foot sidewalk on the west side of the street and for portions of the east side. On Quels, we're replacing the portions of the 8- and 16-inch water line in the street and also replacing the existing 8- and 10-inch sewer, similar to all the other streets, new concrete pavement, concrete curbs, new concrete driveways, and Quels is getting new 5-foot concrete sidewalks on both sides of the street. And finally, on Chickasaw, we are replacing existing 8-inch water, upgrading the existing 6-inch sewer to 8-inch, providing new concrete pavement, new driveways, and a new concrete sidewalk on the south side of the street. Alright, so next I'll provide some information about the construction process to give you an idea of what you'd expect and answer some frequently asked questions. Alright, so why are we doing this project in the first place? Well, in May of last year, the residents of Fort Worth voted to pass a bond program, which would fund the street reconstruction project, such as this one, and with target locations in the city, most in need of improvement. And so, and then when the streets that were in the bond were identified, PPW partnered with the Water Department to replace the underground utilities also in need of improvements under these streets. As long as we're improving the pavement, we might as well get the underlying utilities as well. So, underground utilities, so the water and the sewer are the first phase of the construction process. So, beyond the lookout for a notice that looks something like this on the screen, the first one will give you a heads up that construction will be coming in about a week. And the next one, I will indicate the construction will be happening the next day. So, we're going to give you some heads up that construction is coming to your area. That you should be on the lookout for, for the contract between moving in very, very shortly. So, during construction of the water line, there will be times when your service will be interrupted. So, water will be turned off for a few hours when we're transferring you from the existing water line, which you're currently on to a to a temporary water line. So, to be able to continue to provide you water service while we are constructing the new water line. And so the switches, switchovers are done during the day and the contract is going to let you know when this is about to happen. So, here's some information on the new water services that will be installed. Note that we only replace water lines up to your property line and don't make improvements on the private property. So, we replace up to the meter and the meter box itself, anything past that would be on the private side of the line. Flushing the new line is important step and putting a new water line into service. So, if you see water running down the street, it could be that the inspector, you know, the water line is being flushed or the inspector could be getting water samples. So, we can ensure there's no bacteria present in the new line. So, don't, if you happen to see water running down the street, don't, don't turn it off. Don't find a valve or anything and try to turn it off. So, it's completely normal. Don't worry about it. And the contractor is taking care of it. So, like I said, to be able to keep water service to your home while the new pipe is being installed, we will have to run a temporary water service to your house. Note that while you are on temporary water, you will be billed based on the average of previous month's usage because the water won't be coming through your water meter. That's how that's, so that's how you'll be billed. Okay. So, what we need access to your property most likely we won't, but in the event we do need access for something. We'll contact you first before doing so for the new sewer being installed. Your sewer service will not be interrupted during construction. We'll be installing new services to each property and installing a new clean out at the property line. So, here's a diagram that shows which portion of the new sewer the city owns and maintains similar kind of to what I was talking about with the water line and the water service. There are portions of the city owns and then the path, the water meter is what you own similar here. The city owns the city is responsible for the sewer service up to the clean out that. I mentioned that we're going to install at your property line. So, some of you may be wondering how we deal with existing irrigation systems. If your existing system is near to the street, the contractor will have to cut and cap your sprinkler lines prior to construction. If the contractor breaks or or caps your irrigation system, they'll be the ones to fix it when the construction is complete. So, here's some information regarding the improvements that are being made above ground all all curves on this project will be replaced. For existing driveways, the city will replace portions that are in the city right away. All new driveways will be 11 foot wide at minimum, or we'll match what you currently have most streets are getting new sidewalk on at least one side of the road. Like I mentioned. And a couple of wells is getting on both sides of the road. So, another common question we commonly get is whether you'll have access to your driveway. So, unfortunately, there will be times when access is limited.  The contractor and inspector will let you know when that is going to happen so that you can either make you make other parking arrangements or move your car to it to a different location so you don't come home to a surprise that day. All right, so the contractor prior to then getting started with construction is going to be making a pre construction video just to document the existing site conditions and making sure that that they're aware of what the site looked like before. And so we can try to make it restore it back to some of our conditions when we're done. We also encourage property owners to go and take pictures and videos of the yard and the any items you have fronting the street right now. That way you have a record of that prior to a started construction. When the contractor is doing work in the street, there will be some temporary lane closures. When this happens, finally will be posted to keep drivers aware that the work is occurring. Also, on this slide, I have the construction hours. So the contractor's hours of operations are from 7am to 6pm on on weekdays. And if, if, if Saturday work is requested, their hours on Saturday or 9am to 5pm. If the contractor is working in your street when trash is to be collected, they'll help you out by making sure that your bins are moved to another location where they can be picked up. Whether that's just on the other side of the road or just moving them to the other side of the driveway or just getting them out of the way. For, for more, they're working to make sure that they can get picked up. Okay, so now I'm going to talk a little bit about the construction phasing and the anticipated schedule. All right, so utilities will be installed first. So that will be the water and sewer lines. After they are all installed and connected, there will be a temporary paving patch put in place until the street is ready to be paved. You can see that in the, in the picture on the right. There's that asphalt patch going on down the road. That's a, that's a temporary pavement patch that'll get, that'll get replaced once we come back and do the pavement. So as I mentioned, each street is going to be, is going to be paved with concrete. So for concrete streets, all the existing pavement curves and driveways will be excavated first. Then the, the pavement and the curve will be installed together. We call that being installed monolithically. It's all part of one, one pavement system. So there's the curve and the, and the new pavement are connected together. The contractor will most likely do half the street at a time so that the other side will still have access for all the new concrete cures. And then finally, they'll come back and install the new driveways. And here's an example of what's sort of what you can expect new concrete streets to look like when it is finished. And here's an example of what you expect the new sidewalks and wheelchair ramps to look like it'll be installed along with the construction. Okay, so here's anticipated schedule broken down by street construction activities will begin on March 27th and are expected to run through April. April, 2024, first, first street that's anticipated to start with is Chickasaw. So that'll be from from March until July of this year contract will then move to Burton and crouch together and they'll start the utilities on Burton first in April and then start and then move to crouch to start utilities in June and then probably most likely pave them together in being around October of this year. Finally, they'll be moving on to quails, which is the longest street in the contract and being being in that street from around June to to April when the contract finishes, the contract time finishes. So note that the schedule shows several months that your street will be under construction, but that doesn't mean that the construction will be actively ongoing every single day during that time period. There will be times when utilities are finished and and that crew is out of the way and the painting crews will be coming becoming later. So just because it says, you know, my street is going to be under construction for for five months, that doesn't mean.  I also want to say that that as of right now, this is the contractor's best estimate of this schedule. So it's hopefully we'll be able to keep this that it could be subject to some change, but this is what we're going to what we're hoping to accomplish. Okay, so now we've come to the end of the presentation and we'll move on to our questions portion of the presentation. So if you have, if there's any questions in chat, we can take those first and then we can get to anyone who may have a question on the phone. So, I don't see any questions in chat. So, if you would like, if any residents are on the call that would like to unmute themselves and ask the question now would be the time when you say that the driveways will be done with the whole driveway up to the house be done, or just portion closer to the street. So the we'll be doing the portions closest to the street. It's usually about 10 feet is about how far we go back from the curb. So we'll be, we'll, we call this the approach or the apron sometimes, but that's the portion that'll be replaced the part that is in the cities in the city's right away. And like I said, it's approximately 10 feet from the back of the curve. That's what we'll be replacing Greg a good rule of thumb on that is just from the street. I don't know if there's sidewalks already on that. So usually up to just on the backside of the sidewalk is where a good rule of thumb is where we usually stop. Yes, that's, that's a, that's a pretty good estimation of where it will be. If you're, if your current sidewalk has a sidewalk section, if you're in driveway, excuse me, has a sidewalk section in it. It's usually just past that. For the houses that on the side that you're putting the sidewalk on, how will y'all be handling the mailboxes out on the curve? You mean as far as for mail service or just as far as then being in the way of construction. Both as far as mail service, you know, when you're laying when y'all putting out the sidewalk, I don't know what side of the street you're putting it on on Burton. But our mailboxes are out on the curve. And my question is, when y'all laying the sidewalk, how will we get our mail from the mail from mail service? Okay, is anyone from the contractor want to answer that one? I can answer that you're, I don't. If it's just a post in the mailbox, we will reset those back to the right away line before they can get mail in them and you can reach them from the backside. And then when it's all over, we'll put them back in that behind the curve. Or they are now, but you'll have access to them. During the construction of the. Sidewalks and driveways, they'll be set up behind where the sidewalks going. If it's a brick mailbox or stone or something like that, that's a different situation. And each one's a little different. We try to move them back far enough for us to pay. We need a foot behind the back of curve for our paving machine. But we try to set them back between the new curb and this new sidewalk. Then when it's all said and done, we'll set them back. Next to the curb and live on and do whatever it takes to get them set back where they need to be. If we do happen, if they happen to not stay together, we're pretty lucky most of the time. If they're built right, we can pick them up and set them back and put them back and may not come apart. If they do, we take pictures like Greg said before and all. And that's one thing we have to take extensive pictures of so that we can rebuild that box if it comes apart. So the way it was that answers your question. Does that answer your question? Yes, it does. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Joe. Any other questions while we're waiting, maybe there may be another question will be thought of, but just in the meantime, I'm going to go to this slide where you can get some more information. So progress on the project will be updated on the city's website. And so the link is here in the presentation. So you can either you can either write down the link like this, or you can just go to the city's website, www.fortworthtexas.gov, enter that number 102930. That's the city's project number. If you type in that number, you'll be able to find it. The project will pop up and the project has a website with information about the project and status updates. That will be keeping will be keeping updated as we go through the project. And like we said at the very beginning of the presentation, this this video for this presentation is being recorded. It'll be posted on the city's YouTube page and the link will be put on the project page on the city's website as well. So you'll be able to watch it again. If there's any information you want to refer back to. All right, so if there's no more questions, this is this is my contact information. So my my I'm there at the top my that's my phone number. That number also rolls over to my to my cell phone. So you'll be able to reach me either way. I'll have my phone with me if you need anything. That's my email address as well. I also have the information for Cody Horton. He's the construction inspector for the city. His phone number and his email address is there. He'll be the one that's on site most most days. You'll probably see him driving around the city for a truck. So if you happen to see him, you have question, you can flag him down or just call him and like I said, it'll be the first line for you guys. If you have any questions or concerns about the project or any of the construction issue items that are ongoing, it's not always so free to call me. So that, like I said, that's my number. It goes to my cell phone. If you have any problems, feel free to call me. It's not a big, not a big deal. I do see that there is a hand raised. Do you have another question? What was the project number again? You switched your screen a little bit too fast. I'll go, I'll put it right back right back up there. Thank you. It'll also work if you go there and type in one of your street. You know, the street name if you live on Burton, sometimes if you type in Burton in the search bar, it'll pop up, but this is the most direct way to get there. Unless there's any more questions or any other comments that anybody'd like to throw out there, I'll go ahead and adjourn this meeting. Thank you so much for everyone that attended. I'll leave this screen up for just a second and then I'll switch over to my to the other screen that had our contact information again here just a minute or so. That way if anybody still needs to write it down, they'll get a chance, but thank you so much and hope everyone has a good evening. Thank you. Thank you.


the sociologist on the Sheboygan campus. We are here today to discuss our common read, Afluenza, the all-consuming epidemic written by John DeGrath, David Wayne, and Thomas Naylor. The authors basically propose in this book that Americans in general have become afflicted with a disease or we can also refer to it as an addiction they've also referred to it as. And that over the last few decades this disease has reached epidemic proportions. Now what is this disease or epidemic? They call it, they refer to it as Afluenza. In their words as I have up here on the document camera, Afluenza is a painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload. That's my first question.  It wasn't happiness. Well right after the table of contact sickness, because it's a document camera, but they think a lot less as you point it out, must be possessions. The dog is pursuit of more, more material possessions or stuff. Now correct me if I'm wrong, but it seems to me as I was reading the book that the premise of the book is that Americans have become hyper consumers. We have entered the age of what sociologists, Juliet, refers to as the new consumption. According to shore in 1998 or book overspent Americans, we've developed this cycle of work and spend and that there's been a dramatic upscaling of what Thorstein Vablin refers to as conspicuous consumption since the late 1970s. Now you're in the book Afluenza, they talk often about use the term conspicuous consumption, but this term was created by Thorstein Vablin in 1899. He's a classic sociologist, classic sociological concept. Okay. To describe the relationship between social class and consumptive patterns in early United States history. In his book, The Theory of the Leisure Class that was published in 1899, Vablin described wealthy United States industrialists as engaging in what he referred to as conspicuous consumption. Basically, conspicuous consumption, from his perspective, is a public display of wealth through material objects and leisure to signal comparative degree of social power. Okay. In order to attract public attention, what you can't see according to Thorstein Vablin is bank accounts. In order to attract public admiration, the wealthy, top 20%, 1%, often engage in consumption and leisurely activities that are both highly visible and in Afluenza and Thorstein Vablin also talks about highly wasteful. Okay. Examples of such highly visible conspicuous consumption are Vanderbilt's eight lavish mountains, mansions, not mountains. Okay. Liberace's 30 cars or he had hundreds of capes and 1000s of capes and one had jewels in it that reportedly weighed 100 pounds visible. We have examples today of conspicuous consumption and I'm sure that you can think of many examples of conspicuous consumption. Okay. How many people in the United States and this is often the hummer, how many people need a big yellow hummer to drive eight blacks, bring our kids to school. Okay. All right. The thing is, according to the read that we did, the book, and many other economic theorists, conspicuous consumption is a behavior that has filtered down into other classes. Indeed, your book talks about many families living on credit in order to purchase goods that are not necessarily needed for sustenance. Okay. In Shor's analysis, conspicuous consumption or what she calls and I use Shor because the book Afluenza uses Shor's, some Shor's theories. Okay. And employs a lot of her research as examples throughout the texts of conspicuous consumption or materialism or in work hours and a lot of examples to demonstrate to provide evidence comes from her research, Juliet Shor. Okay. In Shor's analysis, conspicuous consumption or what she calls, she calls it competitive consumption. Okay. Has existed throughout history. In America, old competitive consumption, the display of relatively valued material objects, she argued is located in wealthier groups. Okay. Within wealth groups. During the post World War II era with the growth of suburbia, she argues, competitive consumption was equated to keeping up with the Joneses. And in your book, they often also refer to keeping up with the Joneses. Our drive for more stuff is in part a result of our desire to keep up with our neighbors. Okay. See what your neighbors got. You see what your neighbors have. Ah, you know, they just put up. That's funny. They just put up, you know, painted their house. Maybe I need to paint my house. Okay. Two, and I'm going to paint my house and make it nicer. All right. They just cut their lawn. I better cut my lawn to show civil, you know, civilization and separation from nature. But that's another point. Okay. In the old consumption, as Shor talks about, she is referring to basically people competing for status and prestige through material objects with like reference groups, reference groups that were very similar. So in the post World War II era, when we were suburbanizing, the Joneses were the people who were just getting their new homes. And they were looking at their neighbors, basically a homogenous neighborhoods. People had relatively the same amount of wealth and they were comparing and competing, consumptively with people that had basically the same income and wealth. Okay. Now, they basically they see their neighbor buying a washing machine or a Chevy and they seek to emulate or to one up their neighbor. Okay. However, Shor is arguing and I think your book, the book, the authors of this book influenza are arguing. Since 1970s, we see competitive consumption shifting out where Americans across the income spectrum are seeking to emulate the affluent, the people in the top over six figures. And I like didn't have chalkboard up here. So I just did a quick right. They've been was talking about the competitive consumption amongst the elite in the 18, you know, early 1900s and late 1800s amongst the elite upper classes where they would buy one would buy get a lavish mountain another mountain. I don't know what that that is mansion. And another would try to better them and they were competing because you can't see a bank account. You can't, you can't see that. So they were trying to say, we're better. I have this great carriage. I can throw this great party and their neighbors, right would then throw this great party that tops them. Okay, but now she argues we're seeing a shifting down. Okay, of this competitive consumption into the mass society. All right. Now our models, she argues, are upscaled. Okay, we're no longer competing with like reference groups, working within wealth, we're competing, our consumptive patterns are in competition, we're competing to power and prestige and status through the material competition amongst groups that are way wealthier than we are. Okay, in her words, quote, shores, the lifestyle of the top 20% has become the aspirational target. Now for the 80% below. Okay, short argues that there are three factors that lead to the shift in the new consumerism. And I'm just going to quick touch on those, but that isn't one of the main one of my main points. But we can analyze these factors when we discuss toward the end of this presentation. Okay. Why did it speed up? Why did it change from old consumerism in the seventies to now? Okay, women entering the workforce in greater numbers. Okay, was one of her in is in her theory, she argues that since the 1970s, women, women have entered the workforce in greater numbers. Okay, and I was wondering what, you know, what did that have to do with it? Is there an underlying assumption there gendered assumption, right that women spend more? Okay, well, in fact, they do but not that much. Women spend at least in time hours according to Bureau of Justice Statistics 1.81 time shopping in general. That's both for grocery shopping and consumer shopping with men 1.55. Take that as you want, but we'll come back to that. But she was saying that them entering the workforce women in general, entering the work force in greater numbers after they're leaving their she calls that they're leaving their coffee clutches, they're leaving their neighborhood. And they're being exposed to wider reference groups. They're being exposed to bosses and bosses, bosses, and co workers who are making variable income, and they're talking about what they're spending, and they're what they're spending their money on and they're sharing their their jewelry and their conspicuous consumption. And these no longer are these people who are homogenous as far as class is concerned. These are people who you have wider reference groups, wealthier people, you're comparing yourselves now to wealthier people. This is according to short. Her second factor is the that has sped it up is the growing economic inequality. Okay, the gap between the rich and the poor grows. From 1977 to 1999. And this is her analysis. The top 20% saw of wealth, wealthy individuals, wealthy groups, individuals saw an 18% increase in just income alone. And she was using that analysis. And we can talk about that too. The mid 60% Okay, a fourth saw 14% decline. Okay, between 1977 and 1999, the top, the bottom 20%, a 25% decline. So the gap is growing. And income inequality, she argues propels. Okay, and other sociologists and economic theorists argue that income inequality per pet propels conspicuous consumption. Okay. Because the top 20% are displaying, okay, there are a number of reasons for that. We can talk about that later too. But the top 20% were obtaining more of the pie, they're displayed and they're displaying this in very public ways. Now, entering the workforce, and economic inequality isn't the only reason. And your book talks about culture. Okay, the media, the media, she says, promotes conspicuous consumption, the mass consumption the mass upscaling of buying more and more stuff. Okay, in increase in the media use significant 1970s to 2000. What are we in 2012? Okay, 2010. In general, Americans were watching women were watching 3.22 hours of television. Okay, men were watching 3.66 hours per tele, per television a day. Okay, and that's just television. Okay, that doesn't include the internet which is increasingly, you know, bombarding us with advertisements. Okay, in the media sitcoms such as friends present a fictional representation of what the consumptive norm is. Okay, and we do find that number we meaning a number of researchers, heavy TV viewers tend to have an upward bias in their perceptions of what people have. Okay, we're watching sitcoms such as friends and she uses that example in her presentation. Sure does. We're watching sitcoms such as friends and what is somebody tell me what is friends and how many of you have seen friends, the sitcom good. Okay, so it is still a relevant example. Basically, where do these people live? New York City. What does their apartment look like? It's big. And do you think that that's given what what do these people do? They drink coffee, which who does Chandler? Yeah, he did. You know, he did move toward advertising. Right? And Joey is what? In spite he's not even making that much money. Come on. And what's the other woman do? She originally was Oh, masseuse, right? Okay. Really? She you know, sure is asking us. Are these people really going to be living in this situation? Yes, they're sharing an apartment. Okay, but the buying patterns is overblown. It's over exaggerated. This is not the norm. Okay, people are watching these types of sitcoms and sure argues that there's a many sitcoms that overboard there. There are some that are not. But there are many sitcoms that overblow or misrepresent the median income or the income for that family.  Okay. Horting. And then I thought a lot about hoarding as I was reading this book and the show hoarders. And we can talk about that. But I wanted to just give you an overview of basically what their argument of the book was in case you haven't read it, or haven't had a chance yet to read it. And to give us an idea of, you know, remind us of what the basic premise of this book is. Okay, now, not only are Americans engaging in this dog pursuit of more, it is important to note and they provide a lot of evidence and even sure is arguing that it's contagious. Okay, contagious disease. And I thought that was that was something else. I was thinking the whole time I'm trying to the weeks for weeks and number of you know how in nervous I was, what were my goals for this presentation? What did I want to talk about?  I wanted to talk about and introduce you to the terms that are thrown around in the book that were sociological concepts, and kind of give you a history of what they're, you know, what kind of theories that they were actually presenting in their read, which I understand is to attract a greater audience, not just us sociologists. Okay, but they also argued that this hyper mass consumerism, okay, is contagious. Right, Dr. David Suzuki in a number of studies, books and books on globalization, we'll argue that that is correct. And I have a little clip for you to talk about affluenza being contagious. I can think about how to do this. And she said I can use this. See if it works. For three more minutes. A few years ago, I flew into a very remote village. My foundation has been working with 13 First Nations villages in the remote part of the coast of British Columbia, and I flew into a village of First Nations people called Clem 2, the Kittison people that they're, it can, there are no roads to it can only be reached by air or boat. There are 200 people in the entire village. And when I was approaching Clem 2, I literally burst into tears, I had not thought that there was such vast forest still intact and on the West Coast of Canada. And here was Kittison territory still completely intact forest and ocean. When I landed, I was met by dozens of kids and people that welcomed me to the, to their village and shown them to my place where I'm staying with someone. And that evening, they had a huge piece in the community center. All 200 people were there. And this huge banquet table was groaning with halibut and salmon and crabs and clams and herring eggs and seaweed. We had this incredible feast and at the end, Percy Starr, the band manager got up and he said, he welcomed me and he said, We are very poor. We need development. And when he met was we have to log and we have to, we have to bring salmon farms and we have to allow mining to come in. And when I got up, I, in my speech, I replied, you know, I come from a very rich part of Canada. I live in Vancouver. I live in a very expensive part of the city to call Kitsulano. In mind one block, there are probably three times as many people that live in the entire village of Clem 2. And yet in the 25 years I've lived in that block, I've only come to know about 10 of the people around me. I have to lock my car because it's been broken in too many times. My house has been burgled three or four times. We have a park that's half a block away. My children weren't allowed to play in the night because we were afraid for their safety. I couldn't with all my wealth ever put on a feast like the kind of people in Clem 2 gave me that night. And they, and I said to them, you say your poor. To me, you are rich in community and you are rich in your surrounding lands and continues to deliver the kind of feast that we need. In the process of trying to come into the modern world for heaven's sake, don't give up the very things that matter most that we in the cities are yearning to rediscover. But the global economy renders people like that poor and makes them think that they have to destroy the surrounding land to acquire the the trinkets that we think are the key to happiness. Do you know where the real rot lies? Well, we'll find that we'll find that out. The point is, is that bull sure your your books, Afluenza, many sociologists Dr. David Suzuki are concerned, okay, that Afluenza this mass seeking of material objects is problematic and it's contagious and it's problematic and it contributes to the breakdown of families. It contributes to environmental degradation. Okay, and we can anxiety, lowered self esteem, and we could go on with all the negative consequences that this being on a treadmill of consumption and production produces. Okay, now there are a couple of things that I wanted to note here. As I was reading this and thinking about it. Interrelated. Okay, and I couldn't decide what I wanted to talk about really because they were talking about so let's talk about we could talk about our increasing debt. Okay, we can talk about anxiety in the in the work hours that we're spending. And that America has more work hours. We can talk about the fact that this stuff does not buy us happiness. Okay, we can talk about waste and environmental in my environmental sociology, I talk about waste, we can talk about over population and over consumption. And I really was freaking out and decide what my main point what I wanted to talk about. Okay, well, I wanted to make a point that people many theorists agree with your book. And in a part I agree with it. But I want to as a sociologist who studies race, class and gender. I don't want to spend a lot of time talking about it. I almost was going to be careful of universalizing experiences. One thing that I kept thinking about when I was reading the book over and over again, who's we? Americans, Americans, Americans, right? Americans vary vastly in as they point out in their income distribution and their religious perspectives in their age and race and ethnicity. Okay, different ethnic groups. Okay, there's ample research suggests within this heterogeneous society, consume at different rates. Okay, not everyone is seeking this middle class. We also have people who are joining organizations and are very concerned about the environment and reject this hyper consumerism. And your book does talk about that voluntary simplicity. So be careful of the universalizing experience and just keep that as you're reading affluenza. I encourage you to just keep that in mind. Be careful of universalizing. Many evidence, much evidence suggests that gender differences will mediate our behavior. So will ethnic, religious, educational age. Okay, many elements of our social location will change, will alter our behavior. So we're not all the same. And we don't all spend time, okay, collecting stuff. All right. There's something else I was thinking in related to that. Much of the public is aware. Okay, your book talks about this, the emptiness of stuff, material objects. And I think that's important to point out the emptiness of material objects. Many people across the different spectrums are well, aren't also concerned in America about and understand the emptiness of stuff. In fact, many religious traditions talk about the emptiness of stuff. So our religions influence our attitudes or at least, I don't know if you can see it, but American Indian, miserable as we seem in the eyes, we consider ourselves much happier than thou is that that we very content with the little that we have. Christian, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. Okay, many religions, poverty is my pride. Muhammad said that. Many religions tell us, inform us Americans, now I'm generalizing, that stuff be wary of the emptiness of stuff. Okay, so here then I'm thinking about the simplicity of arguing that our consumptive patterns, our consumptive patterns of Americans as all of us are growing, we're collecting stuff at a great rate. And in a sense, I would agree. Okay, but in another sense, I would ask you to just think about that. There's another thing I wanted to talk about. Okay, stuff. Okay, more stuff. And when I first started, and this is going to relate to him in a third point too, when I first started thinking about what I want to talk about in relation to the text and from a sociological perspective, I really thought about universalizing race, class, gender and showing you different graphs. Then I was thinking about stuff. Okay, what is stuff? What are the functions of stuff? And I started actually creating a PowerPoint, which I'm going to talk about power pointing in a little bit as well, but I started thinking about the sociology of stuff. What are the different functions of stuff? Now one function certainly is status and prestige. Okay, but there are other functions of stuff. Okay, as Michael Bell, he's an environmental sociologist and he wrote this book, Invitation to Environmental Sociology. It's a really good book. He states, there's more to people than a will to gain power and show off. The goods we surround ourselves with show not only how we set ourselves apart from others, Vablin's point. Okay, but also how we connect ourselves to others. We can all give examples of this. Here are some of mine. Okay, this is valuable. This is some of my stuff. Yes, the left stuff. We have a lot of stuff as I'm moving and talking to other people who are moving. You realize how much stuff you collect. Yes, but it's not all just display of status and prestige. This does not display my status and prestige. I'm pretty sure it doesn't, even by your lap. It doesn't, right? But what this is, is something I made for my grandmother, okay, whom I was very connected to and I adored her. Okay, and she kept this. I made this when I was like in third grade, right, in the sewing class and she kept this for years and years and years and years. She had this pillow next to her when she died. This is my grandmother. This stuff isn't just stuff. It symbolizes the spirit of my grandmother. A wedding talks about wedding rings. Our classic example of what the Maori people talk about, the how of objects, spirits are attached to gifts. Now they're talking about gifts. Maybe we're talking about material objects that we don't buy and that there's a distinction between gifts and stuff that we go out and just spend thoughtlessly. Okay, but a lot of the stuff that that first family and the second family had outside that home in the first picture isn't just about status and prestige. That stuff holds memories. It holds and displays connections. It enhances our identities. It maintains social connections. A wedding ring, classic example of an object that doesn't necessarily, that might be valuable. Okay, and we could talk about the expectations, monetary expectations of people who obtain wedding rings, right? You don't want it from a, probably it's not normative to get a wedding ring that's worth $3. Okay, in our society, right? And we could talk about that too, right?  It's still on my TV, I noticed. I have a big screen. I just, this reminds me, why is this, this reminds me of his thoughtfulness. Okay, so first Easter basket that I had, I had received since I was little. Okay, that was, that was thoughtful. It's like a memory of an experience that connects me to him, right? And this, you know, I could go on and on about stuff. My son said, mom, why do you have that picture? Okay, you're embarrassing me. Okay, but I call it, we collect stuff. I'm sure you can think about stuff that helps you remember others and connects you to other people. Okay, so the functions of stuff. It doesn't just connect us or distance us or separate us from others. It also can make connections. And David Enroe, in his research on interviewing people who have been, who are aware of their impending death, talk about strategies that people use to maintain their identity even after they die and strategies that survivors use to maintain a connection with past people in their lives, people who have moved on from this life. Part of those strategies was the accumulating of artifacts, stuff, okay, and the distributing artifacts.  They're thinking about the things that are valuable to them. And they tell stories about objects, okay, in hopes that these stories are going to be, their identity is part of their story telling, is identity telling about themselves. And they're hoping that they're, they pass them along to family members, right, in hopes that they're going to be remembered. Their identity is going to be remembered. Okay, so stuff also provides social connections. All right, we want to keep that in mind. And I thought Suzuki does a really good job of reminding us of that. I'm looking at the clock in his next statement. It's not just in the overemphasis on human cleverness and invention. It's not just the externalizing or discounting of the natural world. It's not just the belief and growth forever. It's not just that it's that it fails to even acknowledge that there are things of value that lie outside of economics that are priceless beyond worth or beyond price. I want to give you an idea. I've lived in this part of Vancouver now for 25 years. We come in our home a few years ago when money was pouring into Vancouver from Hong Kong because Hong Kong was going to revert back to China. I got a letter in the mail that said foreign money is flooding Vancouver. Now's a good time for you to sell your place and buy up.  This isn't my place to buy. This is my home. If I were to put this on the market, what are the things that I would list there that are worth something to me? So I began to make a list. When Tara and I were married 30 years ago, my father's a cabinet maker, made a kitchen cabinet for our, covered for our kitchen. When we moved to our home, I tore that cabinet out to put in my kitchen. It doesn't fit, but it's valuable to me because it's my father. Years ago, my best friend from Toronto came out to stay with me for a week. I was building a fence along the water and he spent a day carving a beautiful handle which I put on the gate. And every time I used that gate, I think of my friend Jim. And I put that down on my list. We have a dog with three outs of that and we have a little cemetery there. We've buried Pasha, our dog, there. And my kids of dragon snakes and starlings and all kinds of critters that have died on the road and we've buried them there. And I put that cemetery down on my list. My father-in-law, mother-in-law live upstairs. He's a rapid gardener and he knew that I love raspberries and asparagus and he's planted them in his garden for me. One year I'd been away for a month. When I came to the door, the first person to meet me was my father-in-law. And he had a brown bag. He said, David, this is the first crop of asparagus and I saved it for you. And I put that down on my list. And my mother died. We put her ashes along the back fence where there's a Clematis plant growing. And every year when that Clematis plant blooms, I know that my mother is there. And when my niece, Janice, died prematurely, we put Janice's ashes there. And I put that down on my list. And as I looked over on that list, I realized those are the things that make my place home. How do you pay for any of that? When to put that on the market, those are absolutely worthless. They have no value at all. And I've only lived in my home for 25 years. You think of First Nations people that have lived on their land for thousands of years. Every rock, every river, every pen in the rivers is sacred and precious to them. That to me is the real rot that resides in the heart of economics. So what do we do? I believe we have to look beyond the rhetoric that shouts at us over and over. Globalization brings a good life to all. Globalization's wealth will trick them down to the floor. So the problem is not stuff, but more stuff. Or overvaluing stuff over what makes us really happy is connection. There was one more point that I was going to just talk more about identity enhancement and the function of stuff. But there's another point I wanted to make that my son brought, believe it or not, just the other day. As I was starting to prepare for presenting the common need a month ago and I was getting closer and closer to the date I was constructing a power point. I had the first page, sociology of stuff and I thought of I was going to share with you history of holidays and how they've become over focused on material items instead of how we lost that tradition and I was getting video clips from YouTube and considering doing all that. But close to the end of the presentation I was thinking more than of information and trying to gain information and just thinking about the information I wanted to connect with you and talk about. So the other day I had my power point up on my laptop and my son came and looked at it and he goes, really mom? I'm really concerned mom. You can't use this. You can't use that power point and I thought that was really interesting. Here was something that talks about while I think that affluences I agree and I disagree with the premise of the book. My son was talking about who by the way wants to upgrade his phone continually upgrade how many of us want to continually upgrade our phones or upgrade our cars and my son tends to be pretty materialistic and I said what's wrong with this? And he said well first of all mom the only picture that's adequate is this one because it's clear and you must have used the power point correctly when you put this picture up there. And I said well how am I supposed to do it? And he picked up his laptop and I didn't have a power point on mine but he had it on his and he started clicking a few buttons and he had rotating pictures and he had the Google thing breaking apart and he's like I'll make this really good for you mom. Because your traditional way of presenting material on the top board or VHS by the way I had to make sure there was a VHS is outdated and you're going to look bad. And I came all the way around to are we doing that to our teaching? Are we you know focused more on the presentation and entertainment value of our material and status and prestige of our presentations and less on connection and the quality of material and that's what I wanted to then start talking about do you think we are? What are you saying? As educators do you think it's a what do you think the functions are? It's not necessarily they have to be a negative function or a positive function but the increase in upgrading our technological advancements of you know trying to keep up with the technological advancements that isn't just in a I was able to individually challenge that okay right look at that but it's in our structure this overspending and overworking is in our social structure as well we can challenge it but structural arrangements some kind of constrain our ability to challenge these progressions Yeah Yeah pretty much anything we overhead at all we said with a good text and discuss it what we did and I like the life work so I I I I I I I I I but here we're going to do merit reviews right when we do merit reviews the use of technology and keeping up with the Joneses as far as education is concerned is considered a positive mark so it's part of our structure by many well we need empirical evidence to support that any other ideas that came up from this I'm not an educator but it's not only but your students are coming to you much more sophisticated than they might when I was they were expecting a different learning experience and I think if you're going to create a teachable moment you may need to use it there are a couple things I thought right away sophistication what makes it more second but they are coming at a different technological with different technological socialization they have different technological expertise and aren't we somewhat responsible as educators to meet that or at least meet them half way students right they need to learn is this a technical value we're responsible to show the alternative ways to actually learn I wanted a chalkboard up here I was upset that there wasn't one do you have to use the stuff engaged do you have to that's a very good question our news is going really quick the children's brain is developing within this environment within this technological environment are they more equipped to deal with two second sound bites and flashy things to obtain information are they no longer able to obtain the information in the classroom okay good good good learning how to think thinking in a little two seconds it's not good thinking it's not good so other disciplines in a sustained focus deep in helping them to engage in critical thought I agree that's my pedagogy too last night in Ohio among people who voted 30% over $100,000 they preferred so I don't know what's contagious but perhaps it's interest rather than a sell good thanks any other comments sir go ahead I have a bunch of questions does affluenza does affluenza what it's a good question what do you all think you can hardly I could too what does the text say I didn't write it the text suggests it isolates us we're increasingly isolated and provides evidence to suggest that we're spending more hours at work so less time with our kids isn't that easy so that's integral rather than alienating of course it may not be integral to what needs but it's fulfilling the need of a society to grow I guess it is and that's the last question what's important keep that in mind


Now let us have a short discussion about the posterior cruciate ligament. Let's begin with the anatomy of the PCL. So posterior cruciate ligament is a strong ligament, it is twice as strong as the anterior cruciate ligament. Isolated PCL injuries are less common, more often it occurs as a part of multi-ligamentous injury. PCL also has got two bundles, anterolateral and posterior medial. Now that's the reason why I told you to remember the word ample for ACL. So if it is anterior medial in ACL, it's anterolateral in PCL and if it is posterior lateral in ACL, it's posterior medial in PCL. So that's how you can remember the bundles in both the ligaments. So here you can see as we have seen in the ACL also you can see the two bundles very well. So this is your anterior lateral bundle and this is your posterior medial bundle very well seen on axial as well as coronal images. So this is your image of the entire ligament on a sagittal image and you cannot differentiate between the two bundles easily on a sagittal image. The ligament itself has a jet-plack appearance because of the tightly bound fibers. So now let us discuss about PCL trauma and record degeneration. PCL injury can be of two mechanisms, one is a dashboard injury which usually happens in car accidents where there is an impact of the knee against the dashboard of the car. And second is a hyper extension injury as you can see in this patient the knee is going into hyper extension. So whenever there is a hyper extension injury what happens is the anterior femur will impact against the anterior tibia and what you will get is a classical kissing contusions. So by kissing contusions I mean that the two contusions are adjacent to each other and so this is the classical PCL injury pattern when it happens with a hyper extension injury. Now again just like in PCL injury the injuries can be acute and chronic. In acute injuries you need to mention about the bone marrow edema pattern, the status of the ligament itself and in chronic injuries you need to see whether the ligament is healed well or not that is well remodeled ligament or a poorly remodeled ligament. Usually PCL injuries if they are not a full thickness they tend to remodel well. So let us look at the entire spectrum of the ligament injuries now. So this is a low grade injury but you can see that there is some intrasubstance hyper intense signal within as I have told you the PCL entire ligament is jet blackened colour. So any intrasubstance hyper intense signal within is abnormal. So this is a low grade injury you cannot see a complete disruption of the fibres in this patient. Here you can see that it is a high grade injury so there are few fibres which are intact so it is not a full thickness there but most of the fibres are disrupted against this normal ligament. And in this patient you can see that there is a full thickness there so there is a complete disruption of the fibres in this patient. You can see there is a thin fluid signal intensity that is going across the ligament fibres. You can also have single bundle injuries even with PCL injury and that will be very well seen on axial images where you can see that this bundle is injured whereas the other bundle it looks pretty much jet blackened colour and appears intact. This is the patient with Osteos emergency at the TBL attachment so you can see that in this patient also you need to mention the same three things that is the dimensions of the Osteos fragment, the superior displacement of the Osteos fragment and what is the status of the ligament itself and these Osteos emergency can also be very well picked up on radiographs as well on a particularly on the lateral view. So this is the entire structure where you have the low grade injury, high grade injury, full thickness there and single bundle injury which will obviously be well seen on an axial image and an Osteos emergency at the TBL attachment. So again this is the entire reporting pattern where you can see that this first you need to mention is the bone marrow edema pattern. Next you need to mention about the PCL itself what is the grade and the site of injury. In case of Osteos emergency mention about the size and displacement of fragments and just like in a CL you need to mention about the other soft tissue injuries particularly posterior lateral coroner injuries are common and in case of chronic PCL insufficiency you need to mention about the cartilage status in the patient. So if you put all of this in the report again you are answering all the questions of the orthopone. So now in new quality generation again the same concept as in a CL the ligament will appear bulky and hyper intense but if you will see that the ligament fibres you can pretty well very well see all the ligament fibres in that. So this is how you differentiate a pair from the bukoid posterior cruciate ligament and this patient also has an intrasubstance ganglion cyst. So what are the key take home points look at the ligaments in all the three planes look for the ancillary findings that will help you to diagnose injuries when you are in doubt. Please please look at the radiographs they can be your real friends particularly to pick up small fractures talk to the orthopod or get the clinical notes when you are in doubt avoid satisfaction of search if you have seen that there is a ACL injury please look at other soft tissue injuries particularly the smaller ones otherwise the patient may land up in a graft failure and make sure to look at previous imaging because these ligaments can undergo remodelling and remodelling does not mean that functionally the ligament is stable. So if you have a previous imaging you can put forth a better report and send it across to the orthopod. Thank you for watching the video. This was the last video of the entire session of the cruciate ligaments imaging and I hope you thoroughly enjoyed this session. If you like the videos please hit the like button and type in the comments in the comment section which will help us to make the videos better in the future and please feel free to type all your queries in the comment section and we will get back to you. Thank you.