Welcome back to our live coverage here at Cisco Live. This is theCUBE. I'm John Furrier with my co-host, Dave Vellante, covering Cisco for many, many years. 13 years up close this year, it's all kind of coming together. We're going to tell that story. And here we've got a great guest story. Chris Boots, SVP and general manager of collaboration devices, all the devices within the Cisco. All the cool stuff, John. All the cool stuff that we like. Collaboration software, WebEx, video, telepresence, which I've always dreamed of having that on my wall at my house. Thanks for coming to theCUBE. Thank you very much for having me. So let's get into, actually, the world of video has changed a lot. Everyone's doing video, video and video first. AI enables what we call it. You're in the middle of all the action. Telepresence really set the standard of quality back in the day. WebEx, well-known. What's the market drivers for collaboration and video that you're involved with right now? You know, there are a ton of market drivers. I think that during COVID, we send everyone home and everyone rotated to video, right? But now when we're out of COVID, we'd need people back in the office for certain tasks. When you're going to be creative, you're going to drive innovation. When you're mentoring people, and you want to create that magnet that pulls people back in without doing a mandate. You want magnet, not mandate. And when you do that, that means that if people are back, let's say two, three, four days a week, it also means that people are home one to two or three days a week. So it basically means that every single meeting has a remote participant. So you need to rethink your office. You need to rethink the technology. And you need to make sure that you have the tools required to be able to accommodate that hybrid work that you see. And that is kind of the key driver. And how do you use technology to make sure you don't build a barrier between people remote and people are in the office? So you can get everyone on the same page. So you got Taco Tuesday to get them back in, right? But then you're saying you got to have technology as well, but so explain the difference between like when we were all hybrid, right? Everybody had to have basically their connection, their WebEx connection or whatever. What's the difference now in the technology and in the experience? Yeah, so there are two things. So one is the tech. The other thing is you said Taco Tuesday. And I think that could be an interesting one. But I think the key driver is you want people to get back for the right tasks. But you also want to make sure that some of the casualties you saw during COVID, which was around innovation, was harder to do when you were not together. Mentoring people is harder to do when you're not together. You must make sure that the technology can actually support that. So I think that's kind of the key human driver. And then if you look at the technology piece of that, if you and I are miles apart and it's just the two of us, it's actually quite good. We saw that during COVID as well. When we have one square each, that's a very, very good experience. But when all of a sudden you have five people back in the meeting room, you have two people remote, they're all of a sudden at a disadvantage. So how do you break down that barrier between people then being remote and people being back in the office so that everyone is basically on the same table, that you can read everyone's facial expression, but also that you can ideate and whiteboard and do all those type of things as well and be on the same page. Okay, so today's keynote was very instrumental to me because it pulls together as a portfolio in that platform, enabling technology, taking the complexity of putting it in the platform. Chuck Robb has made a comment even, hey, we rewrote WebEx, collaboration is now there. Is there going to be a collaboration cloud? Because if you got security cloud check, network cloud check, is there going to be a collaboration cloud or is that going to be part of the network cloud? So today, collaboration has been a cloud for a long time. So if you look at WebEx meetings, you look at cloud calling, we're already doing that in the cloud and we did that during COVID, we're there today. The devices cloud connect and you can actually get the right features both out at the edge with the devices as you get it up in the cloud as well. So we're already there and it's been a driver for a long time to be able to do that. And there are a number of things that drive the cloud as well because you can really get features to scale and you can do a lot more when you do it that way. So that's somewhere where we're already, but we haven't branded it that way yet. Oh, I got it. I was kind of leading you on. I'm leading the witness. No, that's okay. I was all kidding aside, but a lot of people look at WebEx, look at that as WebEx from the old WebEx definition. Take a minute to explain what's new about WebEx. Cisco running on top of Cisco, there's probably some advantages. What's new with WebEx that's different that people may or may not know about, what's available, what technology's driving it. So I think that Cisco is in a unique position. Cisco is the only vendor that both has the meeting backend and the app and the device front end. That allows us to innovate to cross both the backend and the front end and really push features. And we've done that extensively. So over the last few years, we've added over a thousand new features into WebEx, both the meeting service and the front end as well. I'll give you one example. We made an acquisition a few years back of a company called Babelabs. And these are 30 people that geek out over waveforms. And they're very, very good at filtering out noise.  But it can also optimize the voice for you. So we can lock on to your voice only. And because we both have the backend and the front end, we can actually get that tightly wound together. Then we have other things like socio, we have things like slider where you can do polls. And you get that out on the front end as well as the backend. So what we're doing is we're pushing features and functionality that goes across both what's in the cloud and out at the edge as well. I know David wants to ask a question, but I wanted to follow up on that. You guys have a great SaaS product as a platform. What's the developer angle? Because right now we're seeing cloud native developers wanting to get in, they got security in the CI CD pipeline. Is there a plan or thoughts around like I want to take socio, great consumption for like a web application for an event, slider integration with some APIs. I kind of feel like I want to code with it. Or roll my own or build up, take web as an isolated camera as an ISO. What's your philosophy on the developer angle on this? No, our philosophy is to be open and to have an open platform where we can actually expose APIs. We can expose things that will allow other companies to actually develop on top of our solutions to be able to add functionality. If you look at the Cisco devices, so the telepersons devices as well, that's an open platform. You can add third-party applications on top of that. But we also expose data from that. That can be temperature, it can be the number of people in the room, the number of things like that that you can actually use and use into other applications that you can actually develop on top of. So it's all about being open about those things. That noise isolation feature that you were talking about before, is that machine intelligence slash AI? How has the year of AI sort of changed the way in which you think about adopting AI? It's a two-part question there. So it's AI from A to Z. And at Cisco, we started a long time ago actually. Back in 2015, we started a close collaboration with NVIDIA. And on the video devices, we've been working on machine learning and AI and had those features out in our product since 2016. And we're building on top of that. And we just launched a brand new product this week here at Cisco Live, which is the Roombar Pro. And the Roombar Pro is actually running on the latest NVIDIA platform. It gives us 20 times the AI machine learning capabilities that anyone has had in the past. And that allows us to push the envelope even further. Then we use AI as well back in our cloud end of things. So we're pushing the envelope on what you can do on AI. That's around things like Babel House that we just spoke about or noise cancelling that we just spoke about. It's also around things like cinematic experiences where we're able to create an AI director that will pick the right image from any meeting all the time. We're doing things like meeting zones where you can actually define that in a space like we're in now, you can only see the three of us. We will filter out any other person that's walking around here and literally create a virtual zone. And we can use AI for things like that as well. And we're developing a lot of new features that goes into that. And there will be some interesting things there coming tomorrow as well, that you will see. So that would be super useful, but yeah. I was watching the Apple news yesterday at the Worldwide Developer Conference. One of the things that struck me was, this thing, the vision, which is the headset, you know, the Mac to find creating, you know, you created the Mac, Steve Jobs Vision. iPhone was connecting people with the smartphone. This is now a consumption, new kind of consumption. You guys have a similar kind of trajectory with Apple.  You connect companies and people together. And WebEx and your side of the device is a consumption layer. That's going to change the content. You mentioned hybrid. That's the configuration of the participants. You've got group environments. The relationships between actors and participants in the connected interactions and consumption of content. What's your vision on this? Because this is like, this is a teaser to the future. The headset, I mean, it's telepresence kind of vibe in your face. You guys have telepresence at every demo. I get envy, I want that in my house. They look at my friends across the world. Video, the consumption. How does that change your job in terms of users consuming it, how they create content? It's got to be different. It's not yesterday's content creation. No, not at all. But let me be philosophical for a second. Okay, so what is the key purpose of technology? The key purpose of technology is to be the supporting actor or whatever business you're supporting, right? If you're into banking, the technology is to support banking. It's not to be above banking. If you're into healthcare, it's to support healthcare. So what we work at at Cisco is that our technology should always support the business you're in. So how do you use technology in the best shape for that? So we're trying to push the envelope. For a lot of things, let's say we took this table, we cut it in half, we added 5,000 miles. It would be really, really good to be able to see each other well. But we've also launched 3D and hologram that we have where if we were to discuss an object, I could hold up an object and all of a sudden we could combine seeing the three of us with actually manipulating, rotating that object to do that across those 5,000 miles. And we do that when that's useful. We don't do it because it's nice or interesting or anything like that. But it's really to support whatever business and enterprise that is using our tools and everything. So you see that kind of new change coming with content? Totally, but you need to do it right because you need to keep what we call the cognitive load low. You can do so many fancy things with technology. But if you over rotate, it gets complicated and you might lose focus on the actual thing that you're working on. So you need to strike that balance. Use the technology, keep the cognitive load down so that we provide the right tools for our customers. It's almost a challenge because the enterprise, the enterprise manager in you wants to make things more complicated, more features, gets to what we do in the enterprise, make things harder.  That's the theme of the show. No, and if I can be humorous for a second, the geek in me always want to make it complicated. That's what we do in the enterprise. Exactly, but what we need to do is we need to push the right user experience. It's always about the user experience. It's always about the design. It's all about being able to have the right tools at the right moment. That's how you're winning. So you think about that vision that you just laid out.  How did the two years of COVID affect that? Because it kind of forced you to over rotate to accommodate all this demand. Did it, was it a learning experience for you that you've been able to carry forward or did you have to sort of go back and say, okay, let's get back on track for that vision? What was the impact of that? So there's one thing that I really think was amazing during COVID, if I can say so. That is how well companies were able to execute during the years of COVID. If you look back at that, if you told me the beginning of 2019, the world is going to send home all their workers and they're still going to be able to deliver. I've said no way. That happened just incredibly well. The tools were there. I think we made progress. We probably made a decade worth of progress any year. And Chuck mentioned that on stage. You guys don't get enough credit for that. The network didn't fail. No. The supply chain challenges. The cloud computing vendor stepped up.  I mean, huge success, totally. But all of a sudden, very sort of a big words, I put it like this. You went from having a few hundred Cisco offices to having 80,000 Cisco offices. So with that comes a challenge when it comes to, how do you manage that? How do you keep that secure? How do you make sure that you keep the integrity of all of your information? So where Cisco is unique is that we have some tools there. Things like thousand eyes that can do all of the network monitoring and security. You have things like a control hub that allows you to control all of the gear that you have out there. You have things like spaces that allow you to control all those spaces. And I think that where Cisco is unique is that we have those type of tools. You're the scale. You're the scale. By the way, on the whole real estate office, everyone working at home, that solves the homeless problem right there. Donate all the real estate to the homeless. And those go in the office. Now it's three days a week, but all kidding aside, the question I have for you just to kind of get things kind of wrapped up here is, Cisco has amazing networking.  Cisco on Cisco should be like the highest performing system on the planet. And some are saying it could be better. What is your take when someone says, Cisco collaboration on Cisco networks should be tightly coupled, highly optimized, and engineered for maximum the best performance, the best developer environment. What's your best experience? What's your, because you run that top on top of the network. I think Cisco on Cisco is a great experience. And not only between our meetings backend and the device and app frontend, but also with the tools we have on networking. Like I just mentioned, when all of our gear is implemented and connected to 1000 ICE and those type of things. So we're there. But there's also another fact, and that is that the world is also open and interoperable. So we're driving interoperability in all of that. And we've come a long way in how we work with a number of partners as well on the interoperability side like Microsoft as well. But Cisco on Cisco, we're pushing the envelope. We are developing things that goes together, that goes across the meetings backend, the device and the network. And that is really our purpose. And then you said, somebody claims it can be better. I jump out to bed every single morning. Everybody wants it very bad. I jump out to bed every single morning to make it better, to make the user experience better, to make the design better, to do new things. The day I say we're good enough, then we probably lost it, right? You're never done. You're never done. You should never be done. It's hard. It's a hard problem because latency and you get all kinds of challenges. But if you look at the features, if you look at the stability, if you look at what we can do with WebEx and the devices and calling and all of the pieces we have, this is very, very solid. What's your North Star? You said you wake up every morning, make the product better. From a product design standpoint, as you look at it the next five years, it's going out, it's hybrid. That's a steady state, no debate there. That changes the equation. The headset vision, another consumption layer, content creators like us and all around us, content's emerging, you got AI content. What's your North Star as you go forward? My North Star is always user experience. You should have the right tool at the right quality when you need it for the right tasks when you're doing it. It's a huge difference when you're in an operating theater doing something on a patient versus a meeting where you're doing a QBR. You need to have the right tools for the right setup and never, ever forget the user and the user experience. That's where you need to, that's always the North Star. And then AI is a tool to get there. Machine learning is a tool to get there. Cloud services is a tool to get there. And those are tools, but never, ever forget the user experience. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, really appreciate it. Simple, easy to use, it's a great business model. It's a great business. Thank you very much, I had a good time. Okay, this is theCUBE coverage. I'm John Furrier, Dave Vellante on the show floor here at the popupCube at Cisco Live, breaking down all of the inaction, the keynotes, the analysis. Of course, our opinion, we don't hold back. Get the best guests here on theCUBE. Go to SiliconANGLE.com for all the coverage. You'll see the content there. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break.


Welcome back to the today's class and diet therapy as we know is such an important area of study where we can modify the diets depending upon the type of disorder the body has. And a little modification in the diet will relieve the symptoms of the various diseases and last two classes we have seen the disorders of lung and also how the diet can be modified during fevers and today let us see the diet that has to be taken in gastrointestinal disorders especially we will talk about the constipation and diarrhea. So let us start with the constipation today. So generally the gastrointestinal tract functions both as a barrier to the substances from the environment and as an entry point for the nutrients and other substances. So many disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs influence the nutritional status of the subject. Now parts of the gastrointestinal tract of course we have seen in the digestive tract what are the parts.  Now the digestive action also we have seen that it is a mechanical digestion and where we chew the foods and break it down into different smaller pieces and chemical digestion which involves the splitting of the complex molecules into simpler form. Now dietary factors that are associated with ailments of gastrointestinal tract are one is acidity, inadequate fiber, fat, gluten substances and lactose. Any of these can cause disorder in the gastrointestinal tract. If there is acidity the higher acidity will cause the ulcers in the parts of the stomach or it can be in the deodinum and if there is inadequate fiber then it results in constipation. Then fat also may result in fatty stools or increase in the obesity and gluten substances sometime the gluten allergy occurs in individuals who cannot tolerate gluten therefore their gastrointestinal system is irritated and they start having diarrhea and thereby the substances are not absorbed the nutrients are not absorbed and they go into various deficiency disorders of nutrients. Now lactose intolerance also occurs some children cannot tolerate milk whenever milk is given they have gastric distension that is they have bloating, diarrhea and so on. So that also causes a loss of nutrients. Now general aspects of digestion of food the foods have generally the pH of food is 5 to 7 whereas when you see the pH of HCl in the stomach I told you it is 2. So citric acid have the pH of 3.5 therefore when you compare to the 2 acidity of 2 in the stomach you see the others have little acidity that means no food is acidic enough to change the acidity of the contents of stomach. So patients suffering from acidity need not avoid foods rich in vitamin C and other foods.  Now addition of cream to milk also is used to treat the peptic ulcer. Now you can use cream in moderate amounts because if you start using excess of cream again the fat from the cream can enter into the blood and cause atherosclerosis. So to avoid creamy foods you can use creamy foods but at a moderate amounts. Then stimulants which increase the production of gastric acid should be avoided whichever food when the moment the food is enters into the stomach there are certain foods which increase the production of acid such foods should be avoided. Now one important disorder of the gastrointestinal system is constipation. So it is a decrease in the person's normal frequency of defecation. So generally there are people who have defecation once in two days that becomes a normal but if the stool defecation does not occur for more than three days then you call it as a constipation. So the stool here becomes dry, hard and it becomes very difficult to expel the stools. So this insufficient and in frequent emptying of the bowls it leads to malice, malice is there is muscle wastage and headache coated tongue you have a foul breath lack of appetite. Because there is no normal excretion of the feces the residue remains in the large intestine and it keeps on becoming the more and more water is absorbed from the residue that is in the large intestine these stools become harder and harder and they become pellet like and they cannot be expended. So you have all these symptoms when you have constipation. So once the stools are evacuated then all these symptoms will disappear. Now there are two types of constipation one is atonic constipation you know name itself says atonic there is no tone or decreased muscle tone. So this is often called as lazy bowel. So the colon becomes inactive that means there is loss of muscle tone in the intestinal walls. So this generally occurs in aged people because naturally as the aging occurs the toning of the muscles decrease. So contraction and relaxation becomes much slower and so diet for such disorder is you take 800 grams of fruits and vegetables for normal bowel. Because fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber and they contain pectin in it. So it makes the stool bulky and softer so that it evacuates. Then supplement B complex vitamins because they start becoming deficient in B complex vitamins and moderate amount of bran should be given. Bran again is a fiber which will increase the bulk of the stool. Then tea and coffee should be avoided because they start increasing the acidity and they also suppress the appetite of an individual. There is another type of constipation called spastic constipation. So this is just opposite to the atonic type. Here over stimulation of the intestinal nerve endings occur which results in irregular contractions of the bowel it is there like spasms there is no regular contraction but the contractions occur in spasms. Therefore they become irregular again there is insufficient evacuation of the bowels. This is spastic constipation. Now the causes of constipation are generally it is excessive use of cathartics. What are cathartics? They are substances which help in evacuating or they are otherwise called as laxatives. They loosen the bowels and help in evacuation of bowels. And if there is abuse of these cathartics then the person gets used to the cathartics and whenever the person does not take cathartic then they start having constipation. Then excessive use of condiments and tobacco. Then here the muscle tone is changed when you use excess of condiments and tobacco. Then eating very coarse foods because it becomes very difficult for digestion at the same time the bulk becomes so much that evacuation become difficult. And too much of coffee, alcohol and tea will cause the peristaltic movement change. Now diet should be smooth, non-irritating and it should be full of vegetables and fruit juices. So these will help in increasing the bulk as well as the softness of stool and help in evacuation. Then they should give low fiber diet. Now keys to overcome constipation so increasing the fiber in the diet, adequate amount of water has to be taken and exercising regularly and another important thing is attending to the nature's call. The moment the body gives the signal of evacuation some people have the habit of ignoring it because of some busy schedule or when there is no proper facility for evacuating. For such times again constipation results. Now medical nutrition therapy is you give adequate amount of soluble and insoluble fibers. So increase the fiber content and this will help in increasing the colonic fecal fluid. The microbial mass also will increase stool weight and frequency and rate of colonic transit will increase. So all these help in softening these tools and make them easier to pass. Now diet is the recommended amount of fiber. Generally the fiber is the most important nutrient to clear off the constipation. recommended amount of fiber is 14 grams per 1000 kilo calories and women require at least 25 grams per day and men 38 grams per day. So how do we get this fiber from the foods we generally use whole grains fruits and vegetables seeds nuts then powdered fiber supplements we get supplements which are only fiber. So when we eat them then the nutrition or the fiber is got from them. So this is how we can relieve from constipation and because constipation does not allow the person to concentrate on any work and he can also lose different nutrients the absorption power of the intestine also may change therefore go into other deficiencies. Therefore it is better to have a very good bowel evacuation every day. Thank you.


All right, what's up, everybody? Four seer ribbing, 2022 leaf pro set multi-sport case number one, random hit style. So we will have 20 hits, 20 spots here, one random hit per spot, the type of the hits as we go to the random at the end to see who's getting what. Good luck, everybody. Excited to see what's in these. Some of these leaf products get really fun. 2022 proof set. These shouldn't be in the case, the case is heavy. So I'd imagine they're all like bags. Here we go. Nice start. We're going to have a Cal Ripken, Jr. Auto. Nice Cal. This one is non-numbered Cal Ripken, Jr. Auto. Nice, it's Gianluigi Buffon. One or eight of eight? Eight of eight? I think that's pretty nice. Yeah, Gianluigi Buffon. Eight of eight on the Auto. Nice. Crazy, they're not giving me the little compass here. The Cal is definitely not numbered. I had to check again. That's the before and was hard to see. That's cool. Dick Buckus Auto, three of four. Dick Buckus, three of four. And a Randy Johnson now, non-numbered. Big unit, man. This is good stuff. Got some spots in the next one, guys. There's some big names I think in these. I've already seen some nice ones too. I want to pull that. Pull that card. Polk, Rick, and Steve Austin.  Nolan Gorman, non-numbered. Wow, we've got five of six, Naomi Osaka, boom. Good luck on that one, monster card. Wow, this is awesome. Naomi Osaka, five of six. I just got chills. I didn't expect that. That's so nasty. Oh, we got a Trey Lance now. Wait, so you see what Cardi's with. Trey Lance, non-numbered. And a H. O. Monsana, two of 15. This is a couple of Niners there. Can't believe that Osaka. Good luck on this random guys. We're not even halfway through. We got some good products. We'll have more of these on the side as well, especially on X. So we've got the next one to fill up. Got an action game, Layla Fernandez. Nice Layla Fernandez. Next one's pretty sick. She's got her first multi-auto. Triple Thread, James Worthy, Dominique Wilkins, and Clyde Drexler. That one is non-numbered, Worthy, Wilkins, and Drexler, Triple Auto. We have some available for tonight, William. On the website, cases three and four still have spots available for eminence later. There's a link in chat, guys, for the next pro-set multi-sport. We've got a Travion Henderson auto. Excuse me, just like each auto's and everything. Travion Henderson auto. And yo, a Tony Hawk auto, four of 25. That's what I'm talking about. Tony Hawk, the Birdman. Wow, dude. That is awesome.  Tony Hawk, dude, the goats. The goats. This stuff is awesome, man. Got a Walt Fraser auto, non-numbered. Walt Fraser, and a Demi Lillard auto, 15 to 15. Nice day. It is inside of time, so that's pretty cool. USA Basketball Demi Lillard with 48 right there, French team. Three to go now, guys. Three to go. That's fun. Nice. Nice in here, Tiago Silva, 20 to 25 on the auto. Tiago Silva. Maybe he'll finally get a World Cup with Brazil this fall. And Iron Mike Tyson auto, non-numbered. All power team.  My wife has a million dollars. As long as that's the stipulations. Guaranteed, non-breed, and three, three damage. I don't know how you can guarantee that. Ooh, nice, Bobby Hulls, it's 35. Bobby Hulls, seven to eight. Can't read the numbers, please. Eight of 35, yeah, Bobby Hull, eight of 35. Nice, Bobby Hull. Oh, that's nasty. Duel auto, one soda, Ronald Aquania. This stuff is sick. This has been a fun case, man. This is like the true definition of moldy sport in case of this stuff. We've covered like eight sports, I think. We even got skateboarding, which is awesome. God, oh, can he pick it auto? 48 of 50. Can he pick it? Oh, that's sick. Oh, wow. Wow, one of three. Mayweather and Hearns, Duel auto. Money, Mayweather, sick hits. One of three. What the heck, dude?  Boyd, Money, Mayweather. He's even signed in here this weekend. His autos are probably not cheap. One of three, Mayweather and Hearns. Oh, my goodness. You guys, this stuff is insane. I don't know how their spots look. They're better not be.  Oh, oh, oh, good luck on the random guys. This is like getting me excited. Let's do a little screen share here. So we'll do the names and then the hits. Same amount of times there. And put them side by side. That's how we know who's getting what. Let's make sure the machine is ready. Cool, cool, we're ready. Good luck. We got a seven. Seven times on each. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Tune A down to Paul D and the hits. Best of luck, everybody, seven times. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. The Bobby Hall down to Randy Johnson. Man, I'm, this stuff's crazy. We're getting over here. Bad guys, every single partisan case. It seems like at least one numbered auto per box, if not both of them. And there we go. Tune A with the Bobby Hall. That's nice. Dame with the Matthew Pio with the Dame. Joseph K. Walt Fraser, Matthew Pio, Naomi Osaka. Matthew, really nice hits for you there, the Dame and the Osaka. Crispy Joe Montana, Matthew Pio, Nolan Gorman, Brian B. Jean-Louis G. Buffon, Michael S. Shraveon Henderson, Matthew Pio, Soto Rikunia, Melissa R. Tony Hawk, that's 25. Kevin S. Layla Fernandez. Jeff M. Mayweather and Hearnstool, auto to three. Otako with the Kenny Pickett. Amane, Mike Tyson. Shane H. Trey Lance. C. Chan, Worthy, Wilkins, Drexler, triple. George with the Dick Butkus. John A., Cal Ripken Jr., Kevin S., Tiago Silva, and Paul D. Randy Johnson, that's gonna do it. Thanks again, everybody. We've got another one of those cases coming up next.


Two seven three, two seven three, there it is, there it is. Oh! Oh, don't bounce these on each of those two. Got a balcony, we'll have a look at that later. Oh, there's a pool there. Yeah, pool time. Bathroom, bathtub, I'll be not fitting in that at all. How's that? Zoom right in on that, just, that's, just, how's that? Where's my feet? Where's my head?


Scale analysis is very important because it tells us which terms in any equation are the most important and which terms we can ignore. In scale analysis, you do not need to know the exact values for the variables, but instead, you need only know the order of magnitude. The process is straightforward. First, determine the phenomena of interest, whether it be cyclone, front, hurricane, tornado, synoptic scale, winter weather. Determine the characteristic that is typical lengths and times of which the phenomenon occurs. Determine the range of fluctuations of equation variables in space and time during the phenomenon. Approximate derivatives, that is, the partial of p with respect to x would become delta p over delta x, where they are roughly estimate. Prepare the magnitudes of terms in the equation, and then keep only the relatively large terms, say the top two orders of magnitude, and neglect the much smaller terms. Let's look at this example of the experimental equation for mid-latitude synoptic scale flow. So in this case, it's mid-latitude synoptic scale flow. The length is about 1,000 kilometers, which is 10 to the 6 meters. The height is about 10 kilometers, which is 10 to the 4 meters. And if we were in the boundary layer only, we would find that the friction drag coefficient is 10 to the minus 2, and the height of the boundary layer is about 1,000 meters. Now, we know that u is about 10 meters a second, roughly. It could be a lot less and a lot more, but it's that order of magnitude. Delta p is about 10 millibar over the length of interest. We see that the time then is equal to the length, the scale of the synoptic scale flow divided by the velocity, which is 10 to the 6 divided by 10, or 10 to the 5 seconds, which is about a day. And we see that the Coriolis parameter is about 10 to the minus 4 per second, and we can estimate other factors such as the w velocity, which is height divided by time, so that's about 10 to the minus 1 meters per second, and so on. We continue on looking at derivatives in other terms. And so, for instance, the acceleration in the u direction is about 10 meters per second divided by 10 to the 5, which is about 10 to the minus 4, and so that's the size of that term. We see that the Coriolis term is about 10 to the minus 3. We see that other apparent terms are 10 to the minus 5 to 10 to the minus 7. They're quite a bit smaller. The pressure gradient force we see is 1 over the density, which is about 1 kilogram per meter cubed times the pressure difference, which is about 10 to the 3 pascals divided by the distance, which is 10 to the 6 meters, so it's about 10 to the minus 3. And we see that if we were in the boundary layer, that the aerodynamic drag, which causes friction, is acting as friction, is about 10 to the minus 3. So in the boundary layer, we would need to consider this term because it's the same order of magnitude as the pressure gradient term, more of the larger terms. When we're not in the boundary layer, then C sub D is actually very, very small, and this term is very small. We can ignore it. The last term is viscosity, which is true friction, and we can see that for the case of viscosity, it's tiny, and therefore we can always ignore it for synoptic scale flow. So when we look at the terms we have, we see that we have, away from the boundary layer, we have two terms that count. That is, we have the Coriolis term and we have the pressure gradient term, and those are the only two terms that we need to keep.


Thank you so much for having me in this forum to talk about practices for improving accessibility and inclusion and field, laboratory and computational science. I know I'm part of conversation five here. The first conversation was really about intersectionality disability and diversity. And then conversations two through four, we're about best practices for accessibility first in laboratory settings, then in field studies and then in computational work. I appreciate the work of these prior sessions to focus on these topics. But how we put all of these things together in thinking about access to careers and all their facets and their stages and into recruiting, entertaining disabled talent, disabled researchers disabled scientists, and the work that we do, while also recognizing that people can become disabled during their lives. So this is also about keeping and engaging in scientific research and science work over our lifetimes to my title here is the dream, which is to say my title is access at every stage, which is the dream for for all of the sciences, in terms of disability inclusion, and indeed beyond to have access at every stage to be able to go through education and career steps and not encounter barrier after barrier to your own participation, enjoyment and enjoyment and inclusion. The next slide is that this talk might also be called barriers at every stage, which is how it can feel for people working through the accommodations process, or wondering about disclosure, or having to creatively hack their own careers. In terms of accommodations. And then to be pushed back upon. By by artificial ideas about who belongs right because often there's an assumption that if you're too disabled, you do not belong. The title could also then be wanting to belong in science, or wanting to be to be able to be in science engineering and medicine to be, and to be without struggle that access and accommodation, often currently represent. So who am I to be talking about this work. Well, my work, weirdly, for the National Academies and to be a speaker here my work is about stories and storytelling and the narratives we tell about disabled people, particularly in relationship to technology. Typically, when we see news and entertainment stories about disability. Technology is helping disabled people overcome their disabilities. But stories from the disability community and from disabled people themselves aren't like this they don't tell the story, or if they do it's far more nuanced to technology might play a role in helping a person adapt. It may be something that's a constant source of the need for maintenance and repair. It might be something that helps in some aspect but it's not the sort of cure all that it's pictured as in a lot of our news and entertainment stories. I hear that this story seeps into how people think about accommodations that you get this thing, this accommodation of this technology, and things are magically transformed right, we're always told that technology is life changing for people with disabilities. And stories usually aren't about that. But this is the general perception. So, and here I'll use the terminology of Tanya Titchkowski, T a, and why a T it ch kow sky, where she talks about includeable, right that so much of the ableist environment that we're in demands that disabled people change themselves, function in particular ways to be worthy of being included. And that's sometimes how people think about accommodations well, if a disabled person is worthy enough has normalized themselves enough, then they might be able to imagine how this flows in thinking about doctors owes first keynote here, where he talks about intersectionality and who fits in terms of who gets to be includeable. I want space. I'm working in a department of science, technology and society I work with humanists and social scientists. But we look at the things scientists and engineers are doing. And my training is in philosophy of technology with a specific focus on technology and disability. I currently am working under an National Science Foundation career grant number 1750260, although this work does represent the opinions of the National Science Foundation. But I'm thinking a lot about disability community work later lately. I want a space for us to be proudly disabled in all the places we are for work and life to be able to disclose disabilities at work without fear. To get what we need, even when we can't disclose or when there is no clear label to disclose right not everyone has the diagnosis they need to access accommodations. We need systemic change to how we approach the business of disability more generally that is the processes at work in our workplaces as scientists. I think this is particularly imperative in the sciences, engineering and medicine, where non disabled people have often been as experts about disabled people in ways that often re-emphasize overcoming stories. And a lot of the work of science technology and medicine is about addressing disability in various ways. So having disabled researchers is incredibly important to getting what we're doing right, to serving the people we want to serve correctly to being in solidarity. With disabled people around us. And here's where it gets tricky because disability is an identity as well as a community, as well as a social construct about how we frame and think about the world and how we sort of people. The category itself disability points to a wide array of people with a lot of different neurologies, body configuration injuries and conditions. Many of us who are disabled are multiple disabled. We also have people from every other category of identity you can think of. So it's important to plan for disabled people to be, to be here, to be, to exist in these spaces without harm and without extra labor beyond what non disabled people encounter. So let's talk about this current approach to the business of disability. And I recognize that my talk is going to be a lot about accommodations in ways that I maybe didn't expect when I started writing down my ideas for this talk in fact. I need to say some things, and probably some mean things, unkind things about accommodations, because our mindset around disability inclusion is often well, those people have accommodations or we can make accommodations and then to da, we've included them. The accommodations mindset is one where if disabled people show up or if you become disabled, it's a surprise, and you then have to make a request to be included. And that request isn't a simple process. So, in fact, if you would like an accommodation first you have to identify barriers to your participation. Right, you have to know what the problem is in the environment you're encountering sometimes you know it's a physical barrier and something you can literally point to there's no ramp into this building. Other times, sometimes, you know, the way work is set up can be part of the barrier, right, the physical environment is part of it, but sometimes it's the flow of work sometimes it's, you know, a barrier to participation can be that it's really unclear what a process should be. So, once you've identified a barrier to your participation, then, in fact, in most workplaces, you are asked to get the appropriate documentation to show that you're worthy of this accommodation that it's an appropriate accommodation. And that usually involves a physician signing off. And of course it's assumed that you have a physician that they believe you, and that they will fill out the paperwork to help you get an accommodation. Not everyone has access of course to primary care, or the sort of documentation that they may ask for from specialists. When it comes to specific disability types. And of course then, once you've identified the barriers, once you've gotten this appropriate documentation which is not an easy process and a lot of cases. Then you're expected to present your documentation to the proper authority, possibly disability services office, or human resources department. Thankfully, they will know what to do when you approach them and ask for these things. And then it usually initiates a conversation between the authority. So the certification authority whether it's disability services or HR, the person who is your direct supervisor, and any supervisors that they have are possibly part of the mix and you, this is called the interactive process. Then, then you can work to fix whatever barrier it is, whether it's, you know the need for screen reading software. If you need to rest your eyes for longer periods of time, whether it's a nearby facility to work in right it's you can't get to the place, especially for people who are newly disabled this is something that can be really disoriented it's harder to get where you were going. It could be a nearby parking spot if you experienced a lot of fatigue, or proximity to public transportation, it could be the ability to come into work later or do telework. And, you know, even simple things like the permission to sit down on the job are part of what, you know constitutes, you know an accommodation in these cases, and then you can get that one thing changed. You go through this whole process, and you're given permission to get the one thing that you identified as a barrier changed. Now hopefully, give it a larger conversation, but you're not always said to having a larger accommodation about what accommodations you might need in the future. And in fact a lot of disability resource offices are not are not really wanting to talk to you about accommodations don't lead in the future they want to talk about the state you're in now, and what you need at the moment, which then there can be delays. If you have a progressive disability this is really frustrating, you would like a way to have seamless transitions as you need more supports put in place. That would help you work better anyway. So you've gotten through all of this red tape and you get the one thing changed whatever may, maybe that allows you to be to be included, but only be included in very specific terms, where you have had to navigate the most often hostile process, the paperwork authority bosses, and just simple expectations of work that people may be unwilling to be flexible on constitute extra steps to being places to being in science, and to being in research and this is a process that unless you're never really like privy to you don't see all the steps, it takes the doctors visits to get bio certified and in the terms that Ellen Samuels talks about accommodations mean that you can be here and can be included, but only if we make alternate arrangements for you.  As well as for individual people going through the process accommodations are also the basement in terms of access and inclusion. They sometimes allow temporary access to a job or program, and this assumes it's all gone well has moved efficiently, and where you are trusted about your disability status. This doesn't mean that disabled people hate accommodations. It means that accommodations don't structurally change anything they don't make science more inclusive. They don't open the gates of the Academy for us. They don't make lasting changes to the way we as researchers and colleagues go about our business. They don't change to access and inclusion when everything is one off accommodations. You probably want a story at this point. Since I said I study stories. So gather around asynchronous viewers. I was once asking one of my mentors about how she got accommodated at work, how it was when she arrived at her current institution and she told me about arriving at her new job. She needed someone with an apparent physical disability. I needed some particular voice to text software so that she could type essentially to write all the papers and write up all the research and take notes and let's just say the software was important to her work. And she presented her documentation to the ADA unit before she even arrived in human resources at the time, and they agreed that she needed that software. She had a process of months of back and forth where she had to repeatedly inquire about the software, when it would be ordered, how to get it on her computer, which unit would be paying for the software. And this is where things got held up significantly where there was no plan for how to pay for the software package she needed. She was an up and coming star in her field at the time. She was incredibly slowed down her department share had been copied actually on a lot of this communication. And after months of her chair watching this communication. You know, they had a discussion and this researcher, of course, had a startup package, but that money is not supposed to be spent on assistive technology and you can think about how that might, you know, put disabled researchers behind their backs and they have to pay for their assistive technology and not the things they need to do their experiments. And the chair to this chair's great credit, recognize that this delay in getting the new faculty member and necessary work tool was going to impact her ability to write and publish the chair intervened and had the department software from the department budget, so that her new faculty member to get on with her research, no more going back and forth between units about the software and who might pay, no more discussion of it at all. This was for an accommodation that everyone agreed was appropriate, and which was well documented and kind of obvious, given her the physical nature of her disability. For something not really all that uncommon voice tech software is a pretty standard accessibility tool. It took about nine months into her new job as a tenure track faculty member for her to finally have that software. So we talk about this extra labor and the extra time the accommodations process takes we're looking at. We're looking at delaying people in their careers in significant way. So we often talk about the leaky pipeline. Yeah, when we talk about like other minority groups, but this is one where we can see where disabled people always start behind because of this accommodations So the thing is this, what my what my colleague encountered was not an uncommon situation and she was in a good position with a chair who was paying attention, and who didn't say well we shouldn't have to pay for that and go back and forth with assistive tech and HR some more. She was in a relatively good position right as a tenure track faculty member, not everyone can disclose like she did and I know graduate students who have had to retake retake to get retake testing to get the documentation they need. In order to be certified for with services for students with disabilities. And to get that testing. It took six months to get the testing and it costs $3,000 to get the educational testing she needed for a diagnosis she had had since she was five. She bombed her first semester in her engineering program. Because she didn't have the, the accommodations that she knew she needed that she had been certified in the past as needing. So she got the accommodations in place. She was a great engineering student, but the sort of lag, the extra certification. I know her GPA isn't what she would want it to be because it doesn't actually reflect her abilities. You know giving getting for her a little bit more time on tests, like makes a huge difference to her being able to take those tests getting more flexibility on time really mattered. She's held up way laid in a way so many people are and, and this is where leaks often occur in this pipeline. This is often the case for disabled students and researchers, but we're usually not tracked by university diversity initiatives are departures aren't witnessed. People burn out from seeking accommodations, or from being afraid of doing so because of what it will take, and always having the extra work of inclusion foisted back on to them as disabled people. I think sometimes about how it can feel to be held back on purpose, because of some of the barriers of work. Many disabled people feel like they're caught in a loop when it comes to accommodations processes, especially if you have disabilities that are variable. Right, so it's not constant sometimes you can do some things sometimes you can do other things I think about people with pain flare ups that shape their days. And lots of disabilities are variable even as an amputee. If my, if my hardware breaks, my leg breaks, I have to truck out to my prosthetist make sure he has the time, get fixed up I think about just the time it takes in terms of variability, just with something. You know, even if it doesn't cause me physical pain, what it means to get back on track when I'm way laid by maintenance. And this accommodations loop is what this is the term used by Margaret price and they are GRET PR I see, and others who have worked on what's called the disabled faculty study. I want to talk about the study for just a little bit. It is about all sorts of faculty not about science researchers particularly but I think it has a lot of good observations about how faculty are encountering different processes in our workplaces and that includes, of course scientific researchers as well. So this is a study that's been conducted over over eight years now. As disabled researchers working on disabled projects. They took a different view of how they were going to structure and have a timeline for the research. So this study is led by Margaret price, Stephanie Kurtzbaum at Delaware marks Salzer and Amber O'Shea a temple and involved anonymous surveys and semi structured interviews and it's sampled for maximum variability meaning they wanted diversity in their semi structured interviews. So they recruited interviewees for diversity. And they had themes of just themes that keep coming up for the people they're talking to our issues of disclosure, like negotiating whether you tell people you're disabled and how and when accommodations process and that's, of course, what I'm focused on the experience in time and this isn't unrelated to the accommodations process as might be apparent from my stories just a moment ago, and then, then looking at different forms of support the nature of barriers and differences and experience between different groups of disabled people and Margaret price. She's written and she has this piece time harms. And, and she says, although accommodations are often referred to as measures that level the playing field. This metaphor represents a dangerous misrepresentation. Close study of the accommodations loop her term shows why the loop is arduous to traverse must be traversed over and over again an exact exact costs, not only of time and money but also of emotion. The loop must be traversed by anyone seeking accommodations, whether they are quickly granted or fiercely contested, and perhaps most important the loop is almost always invisible to those not traversing it. She talks about the need of constant labor and bio certification that documentation. And then when people leave drop out the loop just closes. The disappearance of both the need for the accommodation the disabled person in any trace of its history. This is not structural change that we're seeing. She also talks about how institutional and here I quote institutional discourses suggest that waiting for an accommodation is a value neutral event. It might be inconvenient or frustrating, but if the accommodation is eventually forthcoming, and if everyone has good intentions, no real harm is done. Thank you that we must counter this assumption by recognizing a basic law of Crip space time. Time can cause harm, and this is her title time harms. So, what can we do when we think about our current situation with accessing inclusion and how many people think accommodations are how we should manage disability. You're going to lose a lot of disabled people if accommodations are the process. Not all of us have clear diagnosis not all of us can get documentation.  This is a similar term in disability studies about creeping things and Margaret price of course was talking about Crip space time. Elyon Samuels has also written a lot about Crip time, and it's about this sort of acceptance of disability and expectation that disability will be part of where we are what we go how we plan, and a sort of flexibility and approach to how we think about time in the case of Crip time. This, I think, when we're talking about creeping the sciences, we often have an idea that things are supposed to look one way, right that research follows a very clear path or plan. But even within the sciences there's a great diversity of course and in how science proceeds, and there's no one perfect way to be. Even if that's what we often think and what eugenic rhetoric has seeped into our brains and check sheets that we should look particular ways. We need to be open to honoring more ways of being. Sometimes that means changing our pacing and our clocks. We need to be more forgiving in terms of the attitude we have towards timing. So Crip as in Crip time or clocks move differently sometimes very quickly or sometimes intensely. Honestly this shift can go here with how we think about research projects to. I think about what this means in my own work with other disabled faculty. We have a disabled faculty writing group this year, and the university that I'm part of. We have this week on a Google Doc and opportunity is given to write together on zoom because of course we have immunocompromised people and we're not leaving anyone out. And we won't be writing it all in person this year because of the ongoing COVID-19 situation. But we're checking in on each other, checking in on writing but also checking in on sort of the barriers we're encountering and working with one another. And the sciences also like speaks to the flexibility that we see in the universal design movement and universal design for learning and it's really about fitting education, careers and institutions for wider variety of humans, not asking disabled people to make or break to preconceived moles. Of course this is beneficial beyond the disability community. And what we call the curb cut effect right curb cuts are used by wheelchair users but they're also used by people who have dollies and strollers and other real implements to get around in various locations. And I think disabled people work for more than just the disability community. And what I'm suggesting is when we encrypt the sciences, it will do that too. I think also of the way in which crippling the sciences means letting disabled people work against some of the things we've been doing wrong in the sciences and allowing critique where disabled people are not well regarded within science. And the way in which produce rule Williams are you a W I L L I am s critiques the field of human computer interaction, and specifically robot development aimed at autism interventions. Sometimes the experiments she critiques literally scare children. Sometimes we're describing how the children react, don't necessarily realize that that is a scared response from autistic children like Rua, and other autistic researchers can. It may mean that we have to shift avenues of research when we recognize harms to disabled people. We have to also think about institutional change in terms of taking the opportunities were given to make things more accessible and disability friendly.  I think about her work on my own campus, which sticks out to me here. Dr swantex did a deep dive for her graduate work on institutional policy documents over 25 to 30 years here, where accessibility seem to be an afterthought. We were going to master planning sessions for the current such like, like a few years ago, and even the master planning sessions where they said they were soliciting feedback from the community were often in inaccessible spaces with bad acoustics. At one point Martina was attending a session, and she had to stand, because all of the seating was on like stools that could move around. Lots of people in the disability community, high schools that move around are going to hurt your back impact your sense of balance. There's lots of reasons high schools are a bad thing. And, and, and ironically, she was also reading all of these past master planning documents, and every one of them mentions the sentiment, and in fact she is back to 1983. The master planning document mentions that all new construction should be working to make things more accessible, not less. And 30 plus years later, we were still seeing this in action, even as they were soliciting feedback. It was clear that they haven't thought about disabled audiences. In that year, Dr swantech and I had participated together with our campus disability group in an event to withdraw attention to newly constructed steps to replace old steps, where they had the opportunity to like knock down several buildings they rebuilt those buildings the steps were supposed to go through. And there were no ramps that they install the way around the building was actually blocked for a long period of time by construction fences, no way to get through. You could be a wheelchair user or if you can't do steps. You would actually have to go into a different building, hoping the building was open at the time you need to transfer first campus and use an elevator. And this is still mostly how we access that space, because the pathway along the accessible route is so much longer. I'm still, and this was a few years ago. They made decisions they didn't take opportunities to make things more accessible, even though they keep talking about this commitment. We need to think about flexibility and use this is one of the principles of universal design, but it's something we need to elevate in value, especially as we design laboratory spaces and research projects. When you think about the variety of people, you could have work on a project we should think about how, how to make these things more flexible for us by different types of people. So I'm structural, by which I mean physical structure changes to laboratories at times, but also thinking about this in terms of programmatic work. And we should be listening to those doing the feminist work of complaint. This is a term from Sarah Ahmed around disability issues in our research spaces in our program so when it comes to programmatic barrier removal. So how about how we do prelims and comprehensive exams for for advanced degrees how we do this matters. Are there multiple ways to do it or only one route. So I think about this with particular students who have encountered this barrier and might not have been able to get accommodations, we can build programs that allow exams to be taken in multiple ways. So many times our comprehensive or preliminary exams involves sitting for eight hours a day. Days a week for two weeks to sit and answer questions. I've thought about, you know, I encourage my students, not even my disabled students all students to negotiate. Like what it is going to look like to do their exams there's some flexibility in the program that that I'm part of because we have a lot of non traditional students. You know with families and day job so we can't always structure prelims and comprehensive exams, assuming people have two weeks to sit quietly in a room. And then, and there have been times when we've restructured instead of two weeks in a room. It's, there are three sections to the prelims in my department, but this exists for a lot of different programs. We do a section at a time with breaks in between. It's the same questions, the same amount of time, just divided out specifically on your question areas it doesn't change any of the regular exam, but it allows for more people to do the work, which is ideally what we want to make accessible and inclusive it's not, it's not that any requirement has been changed unless it's a requirement was a physical tech test of whether you can sit in a room that's not really what we want. Right. And I think we also have to ask ourselves what are we requiring in terms of leg work. I think about all of the extra steps to paperwork to different degrees and various work processes that can be simplified. We shouldn't ask for more information we need. We think about this in our scientific research when we do survey methods, but we can think about this and turn it inward on the work we do are you know what are we requiring. Are there forums that can be simplified processes and paperwork, not even just disability paperwork that can be simplified. And also is there like a clear map for people on which paperwork happens when I often find that this is where students who are coming up in the sciences struggle, particularly students with disabilities who have may who may have executive dysfunction and filling out paperwork itself right they're doing their good engineering work they're doing their good science work, but filling out these forms, but they'll encounter once each, you know can present an extra barrier so I often ask my colleagues like, can you fill out the paperwork. Can you set up the assistive tech do you know how. Do you know how to book your ASL interpreter. Do you know how to get braille ordered. If you have someone requesting braille do you know which offices to even go to. How do you figure out these things right this is the work we're always placing back on disabled people but it belongs in our hands. As administrators as supervisors as mentors to be ready for these things to I have literally filled out the paperwork for a number of disabled students who just couldn't finish paperwork. I see the paperwork a lot as someone who serves on on various committees and it doesn't cost me nearly the time it will them and the time and stress of filling out that paperwork and it's easy right the barrier. Is one that was unnecessary to begin with it doesn't change anything about what the students knows or whether they're a good scientific researcher. I also think about this and this is my last slide about mentoring and community in the disability world, we exist better with rich disability communities as a reference and a resource to know how to navigate processes to sympathize with one another to tell hilarious stories and have the last the release of laughter with one another when we're encountering ridiculous situations. It's a place to engage in cross disability understanding and solidarity with others. The disabled artists collective sense and valid talks about how none of us lead one issue lives. And so our community shouldn't just be about disability when we gather as disabled people, but all sorts of barriers that people encounter and mentorship in the disability community looks different. It comes in different directions. For me, I acquired most of my disabilities when I was 30 I'm a part of hearing chemo brain amputee with Crohn's disease and tinnitus. I love the sign language interpreter catch up. You know, bingo, I've got the card. And most of these disabilities I acquired at age 30. And one of my early disability mentors like into what it was like to be disabled as a professional to be on campus with someone who had became, came disabled many years before me, but was also an advanced PhD student in another department, and a little bit younger than me and with her and others we formed this disability Alliance and caucus on our campus, and I was learning from students and staff members at the time who were my elders, in terms of being disabled. You can be a much younger person and be a disabled elder and mentor in ways that speak to crypto time and crypto space that we already diverge from normal constructs of time. Even when it comes to mentorship and advising sometimes to this can be hard for newly disabled people to take advice from people they see as junior or lower to them in a hierarchy. But when it comes to learning the lay of the land in which the land maybe newly hostile to you. This is an incredibly important part of our community, and a way to think about how we mentor each other as disabled people as researchers. I know when I became disabled I thought very seriously about quitting my job. Every time I came to campus. It was so hard to get to my building. My building doesn't have an elevator, I was moved downstairs. So every time I went to my office, which I had partially moved into and started unpacking.  I was a medical leave for a while. And they told me I the office I had just moved into was being was going to be taken by another department and they had a different office to move me into. And one of my graduate students packed up my whole office and moved to the other office at that point. The kindness. Shout out to Keith. I know that was something that was shown in that. But it was hard. I was also young enough as a disabled person that I was stared at on campus, right I was on double crutches. I was bald, right and most of my disabilities were acquired, due to cancer and chemotherapy. I was just, I completely hostile and new world, and I was lucky to have a few other disabled people on campus, Martinez long tech, Jenny Dick Mosher, who, you know was the PhD student other department who was filling me in on how to do things here. This was even outside of accommodations this was just to go to my office. And I think a lot of people. Even with the slog it's a really important to understand that other people are facing that too. And to have different hacks around that they've thought about, and to be learning from one another and I'm still learning from the disability community from Dr. Oh, from other people where I am and at other campuses. And it's really important to keep paying attention, even to each other as we do disability work. So, thank you. I look really forward to doing this less asynchronously and having a discussion with some of you. Now, if you're watching this in two weeks. Alright. Thank you so much. Oh, and I'll give you my slides. In the chat when we're actually live together but I have a whole bunch of resources at the end of the slideshow with links. In case if anyone wants to delve further on any of these issues. Thank you so much.


The left hemisphere, this is the first point to make, is not designed to help us understand the world. It's only designed to help us utilize it or manipulate it. And because of this particularistic, very narrow beam, precise attention to detail, what it sees is a world made up of fragments, bits that are decontextualized, abstracted, categorized, inanimate effectively, and fixed so that they can be grabbed easily. By contrast, the right hemisphere sees a world in which nothing is atomistic because everything is ultimately connected to everything else, that it is moving, not fixed, that it is importantly what it is in a context, that context is often the body, and that everything is actually unique, not just the exemplar of a category. You've got these two kinds of visions of the world buying. It's very striking that what we call the scientific worldview embodies exactly the ways of perceiving that you ascribe to the left brain, the decontextualizing, the inability to see things as unique, but merely as examples of a category. Scientific ideology at its very foundation says that. It says, for example, that any two protons are identical. They are merely members of a category, and their differences are only because of the different forces that act upon them, but otherwise they are generic. And it's not only physics or science that narrates the world in this way, but it's also economics. You could say economics has created a world in the image of this way of perceiving by converting the uniqueness of each thing in the material world into commodities that are ripped from their relational context, their strip mind, you know, they're taken away from all of their relations and made into products whose only relation is the price. The only relation to the consumer is the price. So here we have, it's a kind of a feedback loop where these incredible powers that you speak of that have come from this left brain wave engaging the world have created an environment that further encourages that way of relating to the world. The left hemisphere lives in a hall of mirrors in which its own representation, its own theory about things is more important than any evidence that comes from the senses or from experience. And so it has no way of breaking out. I say that in the past, we broke out of this hermetically sealed representation of the world through things that made the world presence to us, things like nature, the greatness of viscerally powerful art, the business of religion properly understood not as a matter of propositions but of a disposition towards the world, a proper understanding of the body. These things, they gave us intimations of something beyond whatever construct of an abstract kind the brain was currently producing. We need both union and division. And in fact, Goethe who was an uncommon new wise man said that uniting the divided dividing the united this is the whole business of nature. And I think this is right. Of course, if you fuse selves enough and they all just become tools in a huge mechanistic society such as the Soviet Union was and that no doubt China probably is now then the individual has lost all that uniqueness and all that capacity to contribute. And so you need to be able to preserve neither atomistic separation nor total fusion. This is true of most relationships that they are best when they enrich one another. In fact, we're enriched by the society out of which we come and we can enrich the society in turn by what we give back to it. But when we talk about madness, I mean, one of the things is that there are very obviously impossible things that are being put about as the absolute truth that mustn't be questioned. And when you're in that state, you're in the totalitarian state as Hannah pointed out. She said, when there are things that you can't even question then you're in the totalitarian state. And I think one of the unique points you made at the outset was violence and anger and so on. And I think there's two ways of looking at this that in some ways the more improbable the position you're trying to assert is the more you have to silence any possible opposition and be very angry about it because if the opposition was allowed to say anything reasonable, it would destroy your argument. So there's a lot of investment in maintaining certain positions and once they become the positions that are the mainstream opinion whether it's in Lenin's Russia or in England in 2023, woe betide you if you don't stick to this because this is how people exert power. It's how bureaucraties flourish. They look at the way bureaucracies are taking over all the professions. They're things that would have rooted us in some kind of a reality would be the intactness of a tradition which we've talked to be only ashamed of and to destroy. The intactness of a family, religion, the professions, the doctor, the teacher, the community. These have all been semester systematically attacked by the localism. All these things have been pushed out of the way partly for capitalist economic reasons and partly for reasons of just being able to totally control. And it's this desire for total control that I think is now the key element in our situation. And again, Hannah Arendt said that when people feel completely powerless, which I think a lot of people do to make any difference to this, they turn to violence. And so we're in a situation that can incubate that violence unless we begin to make it very, very clear that freedom to speak and to be honest is of essential importance. One of the things that you mentioned earlier was the triumph of the scientific reductionist materialism but not just in science across our philosophy of what it means to be alive. And in that system, a lot of people believe that science has proved that there is no purpose and science has proved that there are no values, that they're just things we invent. I believe powerfully that they're not things we invent, but things that we discover, i.e. they're there to be discovered, if we can or if we can't. So what we need to do is to be open to them. Science begins from ruling out all considerations of purpose or value because perfectly logistically, it wants to understand mechanisms and it wants to see how things work as it were. So it forbids talk about them, but it can't then announce that it has discovered that there are no values and there is no purpose because it's what they themselves decreed. There's a nice little thing in C.S. Lewis where he says it's like a policeman stopping all the traffic in the street and then solemnly noting in his notebook, the silence in this street is very suspicious. Beauty is one of my main operating principles and I propose that as an orienting principle especially when our notion of what truth is has kind of collapsed into objective fact. There are kind of gaudy substitutes for beauty that we've become hypnotized and associating with that word. But beauty is an emergent function and it cannot be copied. It has to come from the infinite and that's why I think that it is such a liberatory orienting principle. It's because of its irreducibility and when you're just shuffling the bits which is what AI does and to a large extent what our culture does.  When you are cut off from life, from the infinity of being, then you just end up recycling things and beauty is lost because beauty is contextual. It has to draw from something outside of what already is. That reminds me of this difference between the presencing of something which is always real and vibrant and awe-inspiring and the re-presentation of it. And this is a distinction between the right and left hemisphere. The right hemisphere is what enables us to allow things to presence as Heidegger would have put it. But I mean, what I'm talking about there is the kind of thing you can feel if you practice mindfulness and you stop the chatter and you try to just be there embodied in that place and see it for the first time. And that is something that requires imagination, something the machine can do. It's dealing only with representations. And so the mechanical reproduction of the things creates more of this dead, effectively world. If you suppress the right frontal cortex, people actually start to see living things as inanimate. They start seeing people as kind of zombies. Whereas if you do the opposite and suppress the left frontal cortex, they start to see things that wouldn't normally be considered animate as animate. So they see the sun and they see it moving in the sky and they see this as a living thing. The motto of our program is sanity is a group project. And these counter-cultural beliefs that are based on a larger perception and a more open perception of the world that you associate with the right brain, these are hard to hold by ourselves in against the onslaught of culture and economics and law and social pressure. And that's why we're here. We're here to establish an island of sanity.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and Governor Thomas Cain. Do you have a motion? The beneficiary has been examined by an officer of the Immigration and Naturalization Service and has been found to be qualified for United States citizenship. Therefore, Your Honor, I move that their petitions for naturalization and any requested name changes be granted. Your motion is granted with pleasure. Will all those taking the oath please rise? Raise your right hands please and repeat after me. I hereby declare on oath that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate state or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen that I will support and defend the constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by law that I will perform noncombatant service in the armed forces of the United States when required by law that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by law that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God. Be seated please. Citizens of the United States of America, all of the judges of the United States District Court of the District of New Jersey join me in extending to you our heartiest congratulations and best wishes on this great day of your lives. We are aware of your sacrifices, your hard work and of course your intense desire to attain the status you have reached today. I know that you are very proud and your families are very proud of you and so am I and all the judges of this court. May God bless all of you. The United States honors us by his presence here. He wants to greet each of you and is my privilege to invite him to do that. Giovanna Azzellini. Mohammed Monsef Fari. Enrique Batalla. Fatih Salah Bawab. Jan Der Proust. David Canales. Tadeusz Cebula. Ladislava Cebula. Ismet Senic. Fernel Gladstone Chester. Maria Margarida Correia. Efren Rivera Cruz. Juan Manuel Davis. Asha Dewan. Cristina Maria Fernandez Diaz. Marta Maria Diaz. Manuel Eugenio. Reida Hanna Lafame. Seik Koo. Arlene Imaging Green. Marifee Holiat. James Jung Cheng Hu. Shirley Yue Ying Hu. Merlin Maria Eiffel. Grace Yaskovic. Mustafa Kamal Khan. Yun Ok Kim. Jacob Chu Hyun Kim. Hei Kyeong Lydia Kim. Rosaria Quirolos. Wilma Odera Lambert. Final 11. Fayez Abdel Fata Limedi. Gladys Lopez. Josefina Lopez. Ramon Lopez. Jose Marino. Mario Matisic. Maria Elizabeth Baker. Nairi Dawn Landon. Chris Mistos. Peter Mistos. Saker Fares Namur. Nikos Cristos Nicolau. Blanca Nelida Martinez Padilla. Elenita Mendoza Palomo. Francisco Anivel Pella. Gladys Luisa Pella. Miguel Manuel Pereira. Deolinda Barrera Pires. Jose Joaquin Perez. Gunila Noca. Regina Maria Plocky. Helena Pock. Maria Celeste Portugal. Agostino Puliese. Maria Puliese. Josefina Sabido Roa. Valerie Mae Samru. Rafaela Santiago. Mariada Luz Serra. Marianas Kovronski. Sion Sun Song. Mercedes Angeles Toledo. Mohamed Sahir Udin. Costas Vanikioti. Honelia Varona. Shanta Gauri Dineshandra Vecaria. Marjorie Monica Walker. Gertrude Wiersboski. Lilia Evangeline Williams. Roland Phillip Williams. John Kit Wolfe. David Yagubian. Maximilian Yarmuth. Alexander Sizzlis. Sonia Sizzlis. Mr. President, would you lead us in the Pledge of Allegiance? I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. Be seated, please.