introductions it's now time for member statements the member from Leeds Grenville thank you speaker I rise in support of parents students and rural communities in a desperate fight to save their schools 10 schools in Leeds Grenville are among the 29 identified for closure by the upper Canada district school board hundreds more are at risk in communities across Ontario speaker this is not just about saving individual schools it's a fight for the future of rural education and the ability of students to learn close to where they live last week I wrote the Minister of Education and called on her to do two things restore the top-up funding they cut to put so many schools on the chopping block and suspend the rig process this government manipulated to allow boards to fast-track closures I've also asked the upper Canada trustees to support my request by resolution and to suspend their accommodation review I will not allow this government to sit on the sidelines as communities are thrown into turmoil no one disputes the need to discuss the future of education in a time of declining enrollment but we demand speaker a fair process let's take the target off schools and work with parents boards municipalities and MPPs from all parties to develop a long term solution if this government chooses to sit back and allow these schools to close it will be too late speaker if they value rural education they must act now thousands of parents and students await a response thank you speaker thank you Mr. Speaker a few things on issues of galvanized Ontarians like the plight of the young indigenous inmate Adam Capay Adam 23 years old has been in solitary confinement in an Ontario provincial prison for four years he's housed alone in a basement at the end of a long quarter in a cell sheathed in plexiglass the lights are on 24 hours a day he's they found him in fact to have memory orientation speech problems brought on by his prison conditions prison conditions by the way Mr. Speaker that are considered torture by the UN and others he's also legally innocent he was charged with first-degree murder in 2012 but he has not been tried the Supreme Court of Canada says that any delay between the laying of charges and the completion of trial longer than 30 months is a violation of an accused person's charter right to be tried within a reasonable time he's been held without trial for 52 months we give thanks to the prison guard who brought this plight to the attention of Ontario's chief human rights commissioner but it shouldn't have to take that Mr. Speaker this is egregious this makes us look terrible on a world stage this is terrible and the public demand is immediate it that the inhuman treatment of him be at that he be released from solitary given medical care by the end of this week not just for an interim period and that those who allowed this to happen be held to account thank you thank you for the members David's the member for Mississauga Brampton South Mr. Speaker I'm pleased to share with this house a much anticipated and exciting news on October 26 the constituents of my great writing of Mississauga and Brampton South and surrounding communities learned that our government will be bringing a university led post secondary site to Brampton this initiative by our government is significant as it will pave way for coming generations towards better and brighter future through higher learning the institution's main focus will be on science technology engineering arts and mathematics as interior moves towards a technology and knowledge based economy this institution will prepare students for jobs of today and jobs of tomorrow and offer them opportunities for training and skills development needed for leading sectors of our economy this institution will also address the needs of an underserved but fast growing population area and ensure that students find more educational opportunities closer to home Mr. Speaker Bramptonians are excited about our government's this initiative towards building dynamic and vibrant communities and great places to live work and study thank you Mr. Speaker thank you for the members that was the member Bruce Gray on sound thank you very much Mr. Speaker I rise today to offer congratulations and appreciation to Marilyn Morris her organizing committee and volunteers who ensured the 20th annual meford scarecrow invasion and family festival was a huge success in my riding of Bruce Gray own sound 300 scarecrow's took to the streets on the September 30th in celebration of the fall harvest and the town was decorated to the nines with scarecrow's hanging from every streetlight and pole in the community the OPP Golden Helmet motorcycle riders even had scarecrow's adorning their bikes during their performance since its inception in 1996 this family event has become a popular destination for locals and tourists and has received both community and provincial awards ranking as one of Ontario's top events all the hard work and dedication by the organizers the hundreds of volunteers the generosity of sponsors and the enthusiasm of the entire community is the reason why the scarecrow invasion and family festival has earned this recognition over the past 20 years in 2002 the scarecrow invasion tried to challenge the record for most scarecrow's in the Guinness Book of World Records meford created 2221 scarecrow's but the record was not achieved now in its 20th year the invasion has 300 volunteers dedicating over 3,000 hours Mr. Speaker I would also like to pay special tribute to a meford businessman who is honored for his role in starting the scarecrow invasion 20 years ago George Patopnik was one of the 60 to 70 guests attending the 20th anniversary of the scarecrow invasion and family festival in the gallery of meford Hall I invite the house to join me in congratulating Marilyn Morris George Patopnik and the entire meford community for ensuring the meford scarecrow invasion and family festival achieved top honors and wish them much continued success thank you for the member statements the member from London Fanshawe speaker I'm honored to speak today about a private project happening in my riding the program is called positive voice and it has been organized by the staff at the no key quay employment and education center in London Fanshawe the main philosophy of the program aims to provide a safe space for the mentorship and empowerment of urban aboriginal women the organizer achieve organizers achieve this through assisting aboriginal women in developing positive life narratives and positive community connections through the use of media and technologies the program helps to empower women participants as they transition into different educational or employment opportunities I recently visited the center and attended one of their sessions I was immediately impressed and captivated by the women I met and the enormous impact the program has in their lives the women I met came from different places and backgrounds they range in age from their early 20s to their early 50s to their 50s they had all overcome their own individual adversities but they all shared a common goal to succeed in the next chapter of their lives it was clear this program was helping them to do just that I would like to commend no key quay and the organizers of the positive voice program for providing women the opportunity to share their stories develop their skills and find the confidence in their abilities to succeed thank you speaker for their member statements the member from Davenport you mr. Speaker and I rise today to extend my congratulations and best wishes to Oslington Pentecostal Church for my writing of Davenport they'll be celebrating their 60th anniversary this weekend in particular I would like to congratulate the congregation who will be holding a fantastic celebration with a mass and a reception Osington Pentecostal Church is a member of the Canadian assemblies of God and our biblically-centered congregation of believers who come from a wide variety of nationalities and cultures yet they all share one thing in common they worship Jesus Christ the family congregation of the Osington Pentecostal Church was a part of the first Italian work in 1922 that was called Assemblea Cristiana under the combined leadership of Reverend Fernando Safuto and Reverend Luigi Polito in 1956 a group for the Assemblea Cristiana built and established the church that exists today located at 686 Osington Avenue in February 2003 Reverend David Quackenbosch joined Osington Pentecostal Church to shepherd the congregation today all sorts of people joined this church in prayer on Sundays and are currently going under renovations to the facility to accommodate and better service the members of the community and as the member of Provincial Parliament for Davenport I'm privileged to represent a number of very active and engaged constituents including the religious community of Osington Pentecostal Church and I want to thank them and the congregation for the commitment to our community thank you Mr. Speaker thank you very much mr. Speaker we're all wearing our poppies today and it's so wonderful to see Remembrance days next week and it's a sad and solemn time but it really brings the communities together I want to read a it's a poem but actually a song but I'm going to spare you my singing voice I know we're not allowed to sing here mr. Speaker it's by my niece Ella Gladstone Martin and it's called Don't Let Me Be Forgotten poppies don't grow on hidden graves am I the only only worth something when I can be brave we can't surrender less we regret we must remember less we forget don't let me be forgotten don't let me fall behind because there's no running from the battle waging inside my mind these wounds take time to heal before my scars can just scab and heal don't ask me why I do not know it's much too soon to say goodbye but you just stand there and watch me go don't let me be forgotten don't let me fall behind because there's no running from the battle waging inside my mind I put you first now aren't I worth just a bit of your time if you give me your hand I will give you mine don't let me be forgotten don't let me fall behind because there's no running from the battle waging in my mind so let's all remember today and next week which hopefully we're going to be bringing forward this week to have remembrance week as the schools often do commemorate things and the legions for the whole week of remembrance day let's remember let's not forget and let's remember also what they were fighting for our democracy thank you mr. and compliments to your niece further member statements the member from to miss me cockpit thank you speaker for the first time in my time in literature I'm going to quote a Toronto star headline mighty Ontario moose need our help to survive and as a representative of people who moose hunting as part of our culture I think moose hunters across the province no one wants the long-term survival of the moose more than the population who have hunting as part of their heritage and there's some things that the government and it's not all the government's fault but there's some things that the government could do immediately to help with this and it is it is a crisis the first thing is adequately fund the M&R because in my part of the world we have two conservation officers over 50 townships so you cannot manage a population wildlife population when your spread so thin the M&R has to take steps to actually make accurate counts of the moose unit 28 the most heavily hunted area there's supposed to be a count every three years and they did it over five years again if this is a crisis we need to spend the time and the money to do this right all moose all moose harvest it should be reported regardless of who harvest them and there's a kind of a funny line in here it says in some parts of the province moose used to be so plentiful that there's road signs warning against drivers hitting them I can assure you there's still moose because I hit one a month ago and I'd like to thank Frank and Evelyn Barassa for saving the meat and for cooking me some great meat pies thank you for their member statements the member from Eglinton Lawrence to give tribute to one of our longtime workers here staff support workers who's worked here for 20 years Joseph Galuzzo Joe I knew him when he used to own a grocery store at Scarlett Road in Eglinton did that with his brother for many years and he came on here to work in the precinct properties branch and he's one of the many incredible dedicated workers we have here who take care of our heating our cleaning our plumbing furniture move all set up we've got a real crew of dedicated professional support staff here at Queen's Park and Joe has been one of them and he's loved every day that he's been here as you run into Joe in the hallways he's always got a smile on his face he's always happy to work the only thing I mentioned about Joe too is that he along with the other staff workers here do the same work as the staff support workers at City Hall in Toronto down the road yet they make five to ten dollars less an hour than the same people doing the same work down the street and I think we should all be cognizant of that especially the Board of Internal Economy sure we've had a wage freeze here for seven years let's not write the freeze the wages of the workers and support staff it's about time we gave them a decent wage for the work they do as the workers get down the street thank you I have nothing but admiration for Joe as well and we wish him well in his retirement the member from Scarborough Rouge River on a point of order thank you mr. Speaker I'm very very happy to welcome students from my writing they are great five CD Farcassan Junior Public School and I hope all the students have a great experience at the Ontario Provincial Parliament in the house thank you mr. Speaker I thank all members for their statements therefore it's now time for reports by committees


All right, everybody welcome back. Hopefully everybody can hear me. Okay. Good to see you all hopefully everyone's having a exciting Friday Friday Friday Friday Weekend is right around the block looks like a beautiful day here in New York guess what we're gonna have another crappy weekend I feel really bad for the people that are renting these million dollar homes out in the Hamptons They just obviously haven't had a good. I mean even labor Memorial Day I remember was like 50 degrees, but you know what there's no safer place than being here in the cyber group room We got a great great morning so far a lot of greens on the watch list Couple of really good stocks on me because of decent moves that are pretty decent day yesterday So we're gonna cover some of those stocks really quick Let me just share my screen over here one up with the cyber group room because apparently you guys don't see it There you go. All right, there we go Leaders already calling the CLOV we're gonna check that one out I kind of the the LIZ eyes also moved pretty decently this morning, too And we're gonna check that one out on the level for anyway We got a lot of new members here that are joining us. We finished the wealth 365 We killed it. Everybody wants to learn how to day trade if I guess they're realizing that so many other things They're not as easy so they say you know what me to go down back to basic So let me start saying you know what maybe options a little complicated so I got some great mentors futures forex Been doing it for three months two months not working out. Hell some people doing for a year Little like to welcome all of you. I know a lot of people gonna be starting on Monday So it's gonna be pretty exciting here at the Cybertrain University Remember if you are new here, your only thing you're supposed to do is watch. It's not a Teaching room. There's a trading room. If you want to learn how to do it talk to our education vice I'll tell you how let's talk about some of the stocks that are moving yesterday that we had some pretty decent moves Before we start jumping ahead. We had a great late mover in BB IG for some of you that were not here this stock literally ran from three dollars all The way up and it kind of like kind of stunk because it stopped around three o'clock I know when Josh started the meeting right around 2 30 You could see had a really beautiful shake right here and what was nice about it You'll notice there was some real good consolidation There was some really nice iceberg orders and you know we teach it in class the longer it holds there the longer test it The more shares eventually it's gonna pop So I know a lot through be able to jump in right after the meeting right around three three eighty I made a nice old basically a nice little fifty cent run right there cheap little stock You know, I always get it people ask me Oh, do you need a lot of money to do this help? No help No, did you need a lot of money to trade this back? I mean like that's what the misconception is and I always kind of remind everybody You don't need a lot of money to do that anyone that tells you Basically, it's not a professional trader, you know, that's I've been doing this for 25 years and you know Like I always have to rewind everybody. I was a market maker That's what I did and it's all about risk to reward. There's a business. You teach you treat it like a business Very nice move yesterday another stock also that's been doing good for us Not only as a day trade, but it became a good pretty good swing trade the Vee BRB Kind of crapped out right around here around 130 who cares because we don't trade up 130 anyway But but you could see 9 30 had a nice spike went right back down then around 11 o'clock Did another nice spike for about another 50 cents did its little shake right here and we're from 330 all the way to 390 and then you could see how to triple top it and boom the thing came back down Kind of look if you remember what I was talking about yesterday with that stock I says people for traders try not to get too cocky with it Take the money and run and this is a clear example of why that happens AMC also That was another one that was on our watch list yesterday in the morning You just see right at a gate 9 30 things just pop from 32 all the way up to 37 And then it had a late afternoon run actually going in the after hours some guy was talking about it My my nephew sent me this text Let me see what he sent to me. I don't know this guy is hold on there's so many there's so many you know Influencers out there in the market Who's this guy the picture perfect 32 dollar bounce? That's the guy's name this guy I follow has been blowing up. He has He has on Fox today, so the guy was on Fox. I don't know if you guys could see this But Donna's guy right here. I know who that guy is but that's really who he is All right, anyway, but anyway that stock moved pretty nicely yesterday. That was on the morning watch list, too I was a little concerned because it broke this major support level right there And that's where I kind of like got a little hairy It came back down, but I guess once you get these influences coming in there. They popped it up But so if you got to remember the stock is literally down when as low as down 50% from its highs Another stock that did pretty well to yesterday Very slow cheap stock, you know, not not the greatest But this is stock that you could trade several thousand shares of it Had a nice little push to see IDM not that not one of our most impressive Days, you know on on a Thursday. I feel like now as we get closer to the the summer now Kid, you know August is you know a really great time to learn like we're going late July August great time to learn You know shockingly we've been having a pretty really good summer with some really hot stocks of 200 300% 500% in a day you can go back and you could always you'll go back test and see what where we've been But we've been having a really good morning a really good summer so far But when we get time this time of the year you want to get prepared because I'm going to remind everybody September October and November are the best three months of the year and the last thing you want to do and you know You've been here for a long time before all the cyber group members You don't want to be learning at the best times of the year Especially gonna be going into a new election year, which is not really an election till 2020 is We'll go worried about COVID what's gonna happen with kids get masked their mandates You know we see what's happened in Cuba, you know a lot of politics earnings this week You know you're seeing companies blow out Mindora really made a nice little pop right here after hours I'm really ticked off. I wanted to buy that stock yesterday too on a swing trade and I'm like and I got Distracted and I did something else. I'm just really uh was so upset about that stock That would have been nice nice 20-point move right there on that stock, but that was more of a swing trade anyway Let's go through a watch list that we got going on this morning. So anyway, the stock that looked pretty interesting was the LIZ I and You know when I went on the iceberg Watch list and one on level four, you know, I saw a couple of big orders out here There was this guy right here that got executed right around here around 655. He was out there at 845 Looks like he's got filled but like a lot of orders are coming in. So I'm like, you know, I'm not really completely sold on it It was one of the stocks. I was probably one of my a little better on my profiles, but it was on the a list I'm probably gonna throw in a b-list Lead I know you called out this stock right here COVID It's spike, but I don't know it's got resistance levels from yesterday at 10 a.m. At 870 stock was fun Though you remember we traded in June this thing ran from, you know, $10 to 30. So but it's at a good support level We got to see that trend consistent Charles says Mara popped Yeah, Mara There's a false breakout, you know, listen, you got to look at yesterday's resistance levels The kind gets just probably a bunch of iceberg orders out there to hovering right around that 25 and you can see I just came right back down, but the stock GL GL And I really could create sold about it's got resistance levels right around here at a buck probably gonna put that on the b-list Xe la not terrible.  So this one doesn't look terrible This one's got a really nice push around seven o'clock start around three o'clock. It's already at 380 testing the highs right here Not bad Okay, so all right, so we got you got some orders. We got to deal with right now We got a nice 34,000 share seller at 380 another 44,000 right around there. Let me zoom out. Okay, so you got a really big Okay, so this is the guy you got to watch out for there's a hundred and forty four thousand share seller four dollars So you could see right there It's getting close to that for and when it hit in the past it backed off You could see back in March forward resistance and also late in July at beginning of July So it gets past that guy.   See if you look you tell me how fake it is MRIN stocks been really would treat us really well. It's it's back. Lee. It's crapping out right now I had a really nice push this morning, but um, but you know, we've been trading this stock great low short squeeze $50 stock ran to 25. It was such a fun stock to trade. It's back down to 10. By the way They trading means you're in and out this same day Okay, so when people ask me like well, why is it down to 10? Was that 25? I don't care and I don't want to know and you could talk to swing traders about that But day trading we get in and out the same day. That's how we basically trade and do it But that one also looks pretty good AMC on the watch list and Mara may we'll keep it on other than that It's Friday Friday's and not a great day. You know me and Josh talk about this all the time in the morning Take your money and run. Don't get too cocky. Don't get too greedy, you know Just make what you can make and call it a day and that's about it But you know sometimes out of nowhere these things come up around 935 You know after we get these slingshots that go on the morning when all this chaos happens And they get a good push but other than that if I if I could if I could just make a couple of bucks this morning I want to enjoy the week. I'm going to the Yankee Red Sox game tonight. So looking forward to that heard they closed the game yesterday because of COVID Hopefully this thing doesn't start up over again, but we're looking forward to that game So let me make my money enjoy and then you know go to the game anyway Anything I'm missing that he did not call out Anything? Oh, it's good. Yes, it is going to be my first Yankee Red Sox game very historic They're always interesting games You're more than welcome. All right for any more. I took anyone on YouTube Facebook. All right guys So listen, we'll be back here at 230 on YouTube and Facebook broadcasting live cyber group members Remember, you see something you say something and if you knew here as a trial member, please talk to education advisor Make sure you went through your orientation Make sure you walked you through what to see what you're supposed to observe You want to get the best experience as possible being in a cyber group room because I know a lot of you want to do this But a lot of you really don't qualify, but if you should be learning it or maybe you still understand it But trust me when you see what goes on You're gonna love what we do. So enjoy it and hopefully you can be part of our family Good luck everyone. Happy trading. If I don't see you enjoy a week. I'll see you back here on Monday


Welcome and Aloha. I'm Mark Schlauft, the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea program. You know, we all encounter rough days in life and in our professions. Lawyers must deal with both failure and success in their personal lives and law practices.  I've often been encouraged by the words of Winston Churchill when sailing through rough and unpredictable seas in my life and law practice. Churchill was not perfect. He made many mistakes and held prejudices. He was human. But he had a way of persisting and using words that is encouraging to everyone facing adversity, especially maybe in today, today's times. Churchill is quoted as saying, history is written by the victors. And Churchill wrote that history. I've asked Professor of History, Peter Haufenberg, to discuss Churchill's history and legacy. Welcome, Peter. Thank you. Welcome. Thanks for inviting me. Good to see you. Peter, I grew up learning about Winston Churchill from my parents. But the younger generations may not have been as familiar as I am with him. How would you describe Winston Churchill? So I would say Winston Churchill is probably the most well-known British politician of the 20th century. And well-known not just in the United States, but really throughout the English-speaking world. And if I were teaching a force with students who are interested, I would say we want to think of him primarily in a political sense, but a political sense with a very strong understanding of history. So rather than what is new is good, what is new is suspicious and should always be applied thinking about the past. I would say also he was of an era which I don't think we can appreciate, which is an era of not sound bites. That's how we know him, like the famous quote you gave him, gave up him. But he was a brilliant orator. So in a way, I would say if you want to understand Churchill, understand Lincoln. He was also brought to his orations a very strong understanding of language. So a Lincoln-contrater rumor rewrote Gettysburg Address three or four times. It wasn't spontaneous. And the recent film that some of your viewers might have seen about Churchill shows you how painfully he edited the speeches. So I would think the most famous political leader in the English-speaking world, a great orator, and somebody who understood while oration was important, the very careful use of the English language. It didn't always be the most honest use. You could see how Shakespeare's blood flowed through Churchill. I hope that helps us. Just an introduction. There's a lot more to him. Right. Well, you know, and you talked about him being so famous and well known and I guess successful, but he had a lot of quotes about failure also. And some of his most inspirational quotes I want to share. First one, success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts. That one, especially as a lawyer, I like. And then the second one that he talks about success and failure is success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. So here we have Churchill talking about failure a lot. And I've often referred to these as I practice law. But what did Churchill mean? What was he talking about failure? What were his failures and how does it link with success? Okay, I think there probably at least three ways to think about failure. And I think that the audience will also understand. I mean, one is did he live up to his families and his father's expectations?  And his father ended up being a failure. But there were great expectations. After all, blood and palace is home is named after those famous English general of the 18th century. So failure was in light of what the family expected of him. Secondly, I think failure was in light of his own mental stability. He had deep periodic depression, which he calls black dog. And so there's sense of personal failure, right? Am I achieving as an individual what I know I should or am I being held back by something that I think I should control? And one of the ways to control that we know is through his drinking. That's not unique. Okay. And thirdly, when historians like Lincoln, again, Churchill is a figure that's so famous and so influential. Most historians and most people bring a certain prejudice to the discussion. So I want to throw the prejudice aside, and simply saying that failure and success to him was also in a macro way. Did the Empire survive? Did the party survive? Would England survive? And so among his failures, he referred to one, the Lipoli. There was an equivalent of the Second World War, actually two really, the F and the Norway fiasco. Those were a significant strategic failures. So I think in a way what he's arguing is life is a column of successes and a column of failures. It's up to other people to judge. So we can look back and some people say that Churchill's failures outweigh his successes.  But nobody who's a decent historian doesn't say that they're they're both two columns. And to his credit, like to Lincoln's credit, he was conscious. These were figures with such a refined ego that they could understand where they failed.  But with Churchill and Lincoln both, they're very self-conscious about the decisions, about their mistakes. They both launched their grades. You know, we're regretting. Churchill regretted deliberately. He didn't throw it under the carpet. You know, he regretted it both personally and strategically. And there were others of Churchill's as well, which we can talk about in other successes and other failures, which are not quite as well known. Yeah. And he recognized that he had failures. I mean, he acknowledged that. And still, he had these words of encouragement that I like.   I mean, he was trying to tell us something. And I want to go back a little bit in his life when he, as a child, we have some photos of him as a child. You know, what was that like? And what did he have some setbacks then also? Well, I think he had some setbacks in ways. Again, I don't know, you know, enough of his personal life, but I know enough as a British historian. He had a family setback and that his relationship with his father was difficult. His mother was American, which people know, and she was part Native American. So I think he did not have the family life that he quote unquote, normal child his class would have had. So that's, that's a struggle. Let's be honest, he was no AP student. He never really he read. And I think he absorbed what he read. But that doesn't mean he necessarily analyzed it. I think he had an academic setback. So I would say those, in a sense, and I don't want to be careful my words here. Late 19th century Victorian Britain was to a sense a caste society. And I don't want people to think about India. But I just want them to think about a class society in which you're born into the class and expected to act a certain way. The First World War really does away with that. And he was born into a class. And, you know, he went into the army. That was, that was what the not so bright sun did. I mean, the bright sun was supposed to go into politics, which he eventually did. Right. But but the bright side of the sun of Sir Randolph Churchill should have been become when he was 20 to 25, a member of parliament for the toy board. That would have been his cast role. Well, I want to I want to reflect a little bit more on his childhood. I know he had a speech impairment. Yes. I know that. I mean, it's been called a list for a stutter or a stammer. Not quite sure which one it was. I've always heard it was a little more like a stutter or a list for both. And I also like you say I know he was not the best pupil in his class. And there's a quote, I want to put up about that that he I would say it's somewhat humorous that he that he liked to talk about. And let's put that next quote up. By being so long in the lowest form, which is the lowest grade, I guess, in school, giving a rankings, like in high school, you take an accelerated versus, and to be a low form was not a point of pride. That was pretty embarrassing. Okay, let's go back to the quote. So by being so long in the lowest form, I gained an immense advantage over the clever boys. They all went on to learn Latin and Greek and splendid things like that. But I was taught English. We were considered such dunces that we could learn only English. And I'm sure the Churchill seems to me must have been smiling when he said that because how did English happen? Well, I think what he's saying, let me read a little bit into that quote is that a couple things. One is, sure, you know, you read Seneca, you read Caesar, but I know my Shakespeare. I know how to use and manipulate and call upon English language. And the first English dictionary in 1751 over 25,000 entries were directly from Shakespeare. So I think that's one thing which is, you know, I know the language of people I know the language of politics. But I think also we need to recognize that as a political plane, that for the Tory and conservatives to be a vibrant political party, they can't rely upon this latest heritage of Oxford, Cambridge, knowing Greek and Latin, knowing what Caesar did. So I think also there's a built in political admission. And that's part of the Tory Party's since the mid 19th century to be the party of the people. Thirdly, I think running through Churchill is a slight jealousy. He's really not an intellectual. He writes, he paints, I know he does all those things, but he's not intellectual. And people like Waugh and Keynes, those of who were his colleagues, his contemporaries, never thought of it. And he had a little chip on the shoulder about that. I see. You also mentioned the Boer War. What happened to Churchill in the Boer War? So that's a very good example of that you brought it up. Something he shouldn't be doing. He's the son of a prominent but failed politician. And he goes out, we think as a journalist from what we can tell, as a journalist, but he had already been in Africa, covering the Anglo-Supanese War. So he's what we would call a war correspondent. He's not out there studying politics. He's leading the life that was the most common genre of the time, which were boys adventure stories. And that's what he's leading. It's really not for conservative aristocratic politician son. So he goes out there. And here again, it depends who you ask. He was captured by the Boers, the military and political opponents. But nobody's quite sure if he not also put himself in a position to be captured. Okay. And I don't want people to quote me in any way as a source other than there's a question about it. He ends up, of course, being imprisoned, which is a great adventure, right?   And that allows him to have a little niche back home. Because the war war corresponded in a great time period for journalists, an explosion of popular press. Americans talk about the Hearst and the Spanish American War, right? The explosion of the main, they talk about how Hearst helped promote the war. But the Daily Mail and other newspapers back in England helped promote the war war. So it was a real nice synergy, right? Popular interest. Articular journalist, boys adventure, a name that was recognized. And he escapes and comes back home. Not as a military hero, but, you know, as an adventurer. And probably some of your audience would know that the founder of the Boy Scouts was there with them, Aidan Powell. So that fits into it. Aidan Powell was an athlete, a British city that that was besieged by the wars for months and months and months. So the idea of adventure is, is out there. You know, it's King Solomon's minds by writer Haggard and she and the British, the literate British, which ran up and down the class system, just swallowed and consumed adventure stories. And Churchill was like the Indian Jones. He was a living invention. So he kind of gained a good reputation, or maybe he had helped him. He gained reputation, but there were some who said, you know, this is not what you should be doing. Getting captured is not necessarily a good thing. But you're right. He hasn't yet a name. So you can read about him in a newspaper. So he, he transcended when you read Churchill now, rather than reading about his decaying father who was dead, but still kind of a ghost on the shoulder of the Tories, you read a more positive version certainly of the Churchill family. And I want to put up another quote that he is attributed to Churchill. And the one I really like, it's a good one for lawyers, especially. And I mean, if Churchill, Churchill could have been a senior lawyer in a law firm, advice to young lawyers, it seems to me, he says, if you're going through hell, keep going. And I don't know if this was a result of his experiences up to this date in the Boer War. But it seems like a great, great advice.  What happened to him after he came back to England from the Boer War? And there's a photo of him shortly after. Right. So he, he is on the edge of what's they would call the conservative oratory party. He's on the edge. He said he's a recognized name. This is a family, though, where he does not have to work nine to five. You don't have to worry about Churchill putting food on the plate. He is, I would say, a figure but not a significant political figure. And part of that is there are as usual, hurricanes and storms and tsunamis within the British political system. He plays a role, but Ireland is something that divides them from others. He's in charge of the home department during the only general strike in British history in 1926. He puts that down through coercion and force. He puts down his home secretary rebellion in Ireland through coercion and force. So he has a role. The role is a bit and again, if people are listening and know more about Churchill, I'm gladly welcome any criticism and correction. He's a little bit of an enforcer. The home secretary is a bit like FBI and justice combined in Britain. So workers are shot at the streets under his command 1926. And Ireland explodes in 2021. So I would say he has a role. He's not on the path towards being the prime minister by any means at all. And he continues a long tradition in the Tory conservative party of having very famous influential people were never really accepted by the party. Edmund Burke, the famous philosopher of the 18th century was like that. We know Edmund Burke, but we have to remember that he was never able to put together a coalition. He never would have been elected prime minister. So when we get to your questions about prime minister, his being the prime minister, Churchill's, that's a surprise. Well, let's talk about I mean, he had some success in politics, but then the First World War happened, and there's success and failures. I think we have to be honest. Evaluating Churchill during the First World War is a conflict, you would have to say the failure, the the overwhelming significance and scope of the failure pretty much outlines anybody's successes. Failure, as you mentioned, your failures, you mentioned was an attempt to open up and defeat the Ottomans and thereby easing pressure, maybe keeping Russia in the war, opening up the Mediterranean. And the idea was to have an amphibious landing. And what we all know is Gallipoli. Gallipoli involved British, Turkish, French, Australian, New Zealand troops. And like Dieppe and Norway, it was an absolute failure, militarily, but a failure which costs considerable number of lives, and which fomented a fair amount of anger, especially among Australians, who still believe that the Australians were sacrificed to save the British. So nobody, nobody won that battle, except interesting enough, the first president of modern Turkey. We know as Kamal Ataturk, who the Muslims know as Mustafa Kamal, he was one of the top commanders at Columbia. So he's one of the sign, you know, synergies, Churchill and Ataturk meet. That was one of the examples that then led to Churchill being in the political frontier. He was Home Secretary during the general strike. But again, as I say, not really within a hair's breadth of the Prime Minister's seat. And during the 30s, he's really on the political out. Well, you know, going back to World War II, I know that he lost his position, I think it was First Lord of the Admiralty. Yes. And then he went, but he went on to serve. And here's a photo of him as a commanding officer of the Sixth Battalion Royal Scots, fuschial ears. But, you know, he, he kept on, kept on going, kept going. He certainly kept going. And that's an interesting way to put it. Why? Well, first of all, he knew that he knew Philippine was a failure. There was no attempt to again, sweep it under the carpet. Ever since he was a kid and played with soldiers. And when you read his histories, there is much military histories as political histories. He's an old fashion, and I don't mean that in derogatory or pejorative way. He's, he's out of Herodotus and Lucidides. History is the story of war and politics. And to his credit or discredit, he wanted to participate in those. But unlike Washington, perhaps he was able to be successful in both, even though Washington and lots of failures, too. But there was a drive to prove himself. There was a drive to become part of history. So not just observing, like a professor like myself, we just observed. He wanted to, he wanted to become part of history. Some people in this class thought of part of history as doing social legislation, being the poor, going out to the empire. These are all parts of history. For him, it was, at this point in his life, war, serving. And let's, we also need to remember, I think that even though the First World War was very controversial. Many people still thought of it as a war for the empire, and a war for patriotism. Decenters and pacifists were jailed, sometimes shot. So we also, we have to understand in light of the First World War, what he did, not post First World War, not World War II. Well, okay, so it looks like he followed his own advice. He, he had, he continued, he had the courage to continue. And he didn't lose his enthusiasm, it appears. Now, how did he become Prime Minister in World War II? How did that come about? And what did it look like? I think some of your audience probably remembers and might even seen the film. So let me just do it very briefly. From about 35 onward, 1935 onward, the most fundamental political debate really in the West was, do you appease the Germans, Italians and Japanese, that is, let them have what they want with the hope of not getting anything more? Or do you arm and confront them? And Churchill was on the political outs in Britain at the time period, because most of the people in the 1930s, and I want to be very clear about this, remember vividly the First World War. By far more soldiers were killed in the West in the First World War than in World War II. 10 to 12 million soldiers died. The Australian army had a 90% casualty rate in the First World War. So the fascists were up and going to their rate of fight. But Britain, France, et cetera, wanted to avoid fighting. And I think we have to appreciate that. Secondly, to Churchill's credit, and to discredit everybody else, Churchill understood that fascism was a monster that had to continue to eat. And you couldn't appease it. So as we move towards the later 30s, in Japan, Italy and Germany are grabbing land, they're expanding. We have what all of your, all the folks of our age will remember in one way or another, the Munich crisis, where Czechoslovakia is divided up, given to the Germans, through Dayton Land and the rest of Czechoslovakia, without the Czechs being present. And the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain comes home, waves a piece of white paper, and says we have peace in our time. And of course, he did not. And they did not. And Chamberlain was forced to call a vote and resign as Prime Minister. The next person in line was Lord Halifax. And Halifax, as you might remember, was part of a surprising, I don't as British story, I don't find it surprising, large group of not only appeasers, but Nazi sympathizers. And he could have become Prime Minister. I cannot tell you what happened in the back room. I can't tell you precisely what happened. But the next in line was not really inclined. And Churchill was there. Everybody thought this was a joke. He didn't like Churchill. Nobody really liked Churchill. But Chamberlain could not continue. He was humiliated. Hitler continued to expand. He was humiliated. Halifax did not have enough backing of the party. And so Churchill walks in, the King admits, you have to, the monarch has to agree, the person becoming Prime Minister. So which should grin and doubt, which is later replaced by a budding friendship, probably in part because they both start coming probably that was part of it. He becomes Prime Minister. And everybody expects that when Halifax wanted will happen, that there will be peace with Germany. And that's a very unusual route to somebody on the political outside.  So it's not Democrats versus Republicans, right? It's conservatives and liberals. And the liberal party split between liberal unionists who wanted to keep Ireland and did not. So you had to put together a coalition, as you still do today, as it's happening in Germany right now. The STP did not win the election outright. And Churchill in part becomes Prime Minister, because he can get enough votes from the different parties. And that's a short story. The only final addition I would add is until, until the Hong Kong protesters of two years ago waved their umbrellas. I don't remember the umbrella protests. The umbrella in Britain was a no no.  And no British politician would be seen with an umbrella in Britain, because it was connected with Chamberlain until the Hong Kong rebellion, just a little tidbit for anybody who goes to a cocktail party. Let's take a look at Churchill with his V for victory. That's what he would right now. He had to switch that though. He had to switch it. It's the first time he used it. It was not exactly that on the part of Italian allies. It had the exit. It was Pungulian and polite. So Churchill had to reverse the being. That was part of his that was part of his nonworldly. I mean, again, I mean, somebody well educated, who appreciated like, European differences would have known that he was he was kind of parochial in his own way. And I want but and then he had a great another great quote that I want to put up here that he gave to a talk of his at his high school, I guess, Harold, and never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never in nothing great or small, larger petty, never give in except to convictions of honor and good sense, never yield to force, never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. And he gave this after he'd been Prime Minister and was giving a talk at his at his school that he graduated from. And this is another good advice for lawyers. You know, what what prompted this, do you think? I think again, a couple of things, but most urgently, and you know, sometimes it's best just to focus on the obvious, like not try to be too clever. This was a dark hour. Americans felt that way, you know, after Pearl Harbor, that that wasn't the main land. There really was not going to be a serious invasion. There were real worries and legitimate worries that Britain was not prepared, was not prepared militarily, that the Nazis were an unstoppable force.   But if you were like Churchill or the kids at Harrow, and you were playing with toy soldiers, your side had no chance, no chance. And the way what he's doing, which is what kind of FTR had to do, right? America wasn't prepared for World War II, but America had time. Britain had no time. America had a good year, year and a half before U.S. could counter attack. And during that year and year and a half, other than living on the edge of the Pacific, you were secure. The Germans are in the Channel Islands.  So I don't think actually we need to get the PhD in psychology or post-modernist to see that, like Wellenson said, you know, the fields of Harrow and Exeter are where Britain's going to win its battles. There's no large standing army. He's talking to kids whose fathers, older brothers, and probably them are all going to have to put on uniforms. They're all going to have to fight. Now there are other, I mean, I think psychologists can find other reasons, you know, fighting through fears, also fighting through depression, right? It's fighting through is a black dog. But I think quite clearly, and the recent films do this very well, it's not subtle. I mean, how are you going to get, you can think of some of Lincoln's early speeches. You know, the Union's not ready for a war. You can see that battle first full run. So, he's trying to encourage the younger generation.  This is really right out of Shakespeare, right? If you talk to kids about a war, you're not just talking to kids about themselves. You're talking about their older brothers. You're talking about their parents and their uncles, and Britain needed women. Women were not on the front line, but needed women. Women played very important roles.  It is by itself. We're talking about a nation, a nation you want. Let's take a look at the final quote and ask you, you know, what is Churchill talking about? And what is his legacy? We have a couple minutes left. Sure. A nation that forgets its past has no future. What's he talking about? What's his legacy? I'll let you conclude. Okay, let me know if I answer it the way you'd like. I think his idea there is, and it's a conservative tradition. And again, I don't mean conservative in a pejorative way. I'm just saying the capital C, back to Edmund Burke, back to Shakespeare, that societies that radically change with no connection to their past are going to fall apart. And so whether or not you bring all the past to bear, you have to understand the past to be able to make the change as necessary for the future. Right? So it's not a radical view where you just cut yourself off from the past. I think also when he's writing that very intelligently, one of the things he did recognize, was that the future was not going to be a future where Britain and the British Empire were at the center. He promised not to oversee the liquidation of an empire, but he recognized that the British Empire, the 19th and early 20th century, was gone. Britain's role in the world was gone. So how do you adjust to that? And one of the ways I think he said adjusting to that is to know your own history, be confident with knowing that, but seeing the future is not a mirror image or a Polaroid reproduction of that. Now having said that, let's be clear. Churchill was not anti-imperial. Churchill and most of his colleagues spoke that many British interests would be represented by the US. But on the other side, there's a lot of suspicion. FDR, very different views of the world than Churchill did, very different views. FDR did all of this agreeing about the future of the world. And the American Treasury and Keynes did not agree. So history is important for Britons to be able to accept a new role and also in general it's important as models. So the way in which you're using the quotes to try to understand Churchill, he would say that's proper. Use my quotes from the past to help guide the future. So don't, you know, don't just separate yourself from the past. And in the one minute we have left, let's, we'll put up some photos of Churchill in his later years. In the one minute we have left, Professor, what can we learn today from this? From the later years. What can we learn today? Today from Churchill. From Churchill. Yeah, okay. I think problems were going through the failures, going through hell today. What can we learn? Okay, very, very quickly. One is to recognize that there is no absolute victory. There are probably many defeats and many stumbles, but one needs a sense of purpose and a sense of an ethical or moral goal. Now, people may not agree with that, but your role is to try to with oration and some kind of decency convince people of that. I think also Churchill speaks to us today that the world does go through changes. I'm glad you put the last picture up. The world had passed Churchill by. And I think sometimes folks need to admit that it is time for a younger generation or the changed world to be put in other people's hands. And even though Churchill returned to power, it was pretty clear the world had passed him by. Finally, it is to have the moral and ethical clarity to be able to see the true nature of an enemy. And he saw that very much in fascism. He saw that in Stalinism, and let's be clear, Stalinism, he saw that. And to be able to put that on the table is part of the discussion. So not to ignore it, not to whitewash it. And if you accept it, be conscious that that's what you're accepting. And that was particularly to the Peasers, like Halifax. Okay, you want to make peace for the Nazis? You must truly know who they are. Okay, and then if you want to make peace, you have to take the consequences. But you cannot plead ignorance. And early on, early on Churchill knew what Churchill, excuse me, what Hitler and the Nazis were up to. They didn't really do anything that surprised him. It's just also at some point you realized strategy wasn't his best. Let Montgomery and others do the strategy. He can sit back and do the politics. But in the end, keep going. And I think, yeah, keep going. And actually, in a very personal level, he suffered deeply from depression, deeply. And it's a challenge, though, that's difficult. And some people do give into that. And we shouldn't judge them because they give into that. But Churchill is an example of what one could do, could do. With the aid of a loving wife, I mean totally devoted wife, and let's be honest, the aid of alcohol. This is a gentleman who drank a lot. Okay, so we want to be very careful. He had allies in getting through. But he is an example of somebody who recognized his black dog and was able to, with the assistance of others, wrestle and manage it. But it struck very often. He was debilitated by depression many times. Professor Hoffenberg, I want to thank you for sharing your knowledge and enthusiasm about... Thank you very much. I appreciate it. Can I just show folks, is this, I just want to point out that this is the most current, generally accessible book. Eric Larson is a wonderful writer, really wonderfully, could be a novelist. He takes historical moments and this discusses Churchill and his family life, primarily during the Blitz, but includes the whole war. So if you're interested in Churchill inaction during the war, it's a very accessible book. I cannot tell you legally where it's available, but it's available for a very recent price, the place which has very large wholesale items for sale. That's all I'll say. Okay, I won't say anything else. Thank you very much. It was a pleasure. Thank you and cheers. Cheers.


The National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated stations present the Pacific Story. In the mounting fury of world conflict, events in the Pacific are taking on ever greater importance. Here is the story of the Pacific and the millions of people who live around this greatest sea. The drama of the people whose destiny is at stake in the Pacific War. Here, as another public service, is the tale of the war in the Pacific and its meaning to us and to the generations to come. Japan's robber barons. Get money. Work together. The founder of the powerful Japanese family of Mitsui said that. The Mitsui's have been operating on that basis ever since. Get money. Work together. The Mitsui's generation after generation have played all ends against the middle. Get money. Work together. Today, the house of Mitsui and three other wealthy family combines control one-third of Japan's trade and industry. This is a steel mill. Get money. Work together. This is a steamship. Get money. Work together. This is a coal mine. Get money. Work together. Japan's four families of the money aristocracy monopolize most of these enterprises. They also control Japan's shipbuilding, munitions, machinery, her warehouses, trading companies, refineries, breweries. Her engineering firms, insurance companies, and, of course, her banks. Four families and their names are world-known. Mitsui. Mitsubishi. Sumitomo. Yasuda. These and about ten other interests, with their corporations, their holding companies, their trusts, and their cartels, run the business of Japan. And the most powerful of these wealthy families is the house of Mitsui, which controls nearly 15% of all the nation's business. The house of Mitsui is no Johnny come lately. It dates back 300 years. The merchants are better off than we are. Sokube, Mitsui said this. It would be better for us if we forgot that we were noblemen and went into trade. Go into trade? Yes, it is the only way we can get money. That is beneath us. We are samurai. Yes, we are proud, but we are poor. Have you forgotten, Sokube, that we are descendants of the heavenly creators of these islands? Here. Here are my two swords, the symbols of my class.  I shall never again wear these swords of the samurai. Here. Take them. No. This is a disgrace. There are my swords. Henceforth I shall be a commoner. I shall brew sake, and we shall prosper. Sokube further showed his horse sense by marrying the daughter of a wealthy merchant. She was a shrewd and clever woman, and gave him four sons. Here was founded the dynasty of the house of Mitsui. The eldest son started a silk business, which is still existent. And today is one of the largest department stores in the world. The youngest son, Hachirobi, outstripped all the others of the Mitsui clan at that time with his ability as a business go-getter. Now, how much of this cloth would you like? Can I buy only as much as I want? As little or as much as you wish. But we have always had to buy it by the boat. From now on, you can buy as much or as little as you need, and we will cut it off the boat for you. Hmm. I only need only about so much. Uh-huh. About this much, so? Yes. Yes, that is just enough. There you are. That will be 17 cents. You're telling me the price? You see that new sign hanging up there? Oh, yes, sir. A cash payment and a single price. It is much better for you customers. But I have always bargained for prices. Yes.  This way, with cash payments and a single price, you will always get the same price. And because this way, we shall be able to sell more goods, the price will always be less. Oh, yes. Yes, I see. Here is some money. Thank you. Oh, now you see it is raining outside, and we must not permit you to become wet. Oh, that's nothing. I... No, no, no. Here is a large paper umbrella. It is yours with the compliments of the store. Free? Yes, free. Here, let me open it for you. Oh, yes, sir. There. There you are. Oh, you have your trademark and name on the umbrella. Oh, yes. When the people on the street see all the umbrellas with the Mitsui name and trademark, they will know that this is the place to trade. Oh, yes. Well, good day, and thank you. You are welcome. Come again. Through the genius of the young Hachirobe Mitsui, the Mitsui symbol of three bars inside a diamond became known everywhere. And with the symbol, the power and prestige of the Mitsui name spread far and wide. Look, there is another of those Mitsui wood block hand bills. You'll see them on every hand. Well, there is the Mitsui symbol on the house in the scenery. You see it there on the right of the stage. Yes, we will put up the money for the painting. If you paint the Mitsui store and symbol into the background. Oh, yes, the pottery is all marked with a symbol. All the products are marked with the Mitsui symbol. Through the Mitsui's, the merchandising of Japan was revolutionized. And while their trade and their influence grew, they expanded into other lines of business. They became money lenders. No. No. Never lend money to the samurai. Mr. Mitsui, you yourself are the sound of the samurai. They are not good risks. Cannot we trust our own aristocracy? They are careless of their obligations. Besides, in case of trouble, the commoner has little chance to recover his money. With this sort of shrewdness, the Mitsui's built up their money lending. Their skill in the handling of money became recognized. Presently, they were acting as a clearing house for the monies of the Japanese ruler. And from this, they made their next move. Money is that lie idle does no good. This was Hachirobi Mitsui again. In the government treasury, there is often a surplus that is idle. Yes, that is right, Mr. Mitsui. As trusted servants, we have proved our dependability to the emperor. We should like to use this money. Only, of course, when there is a surplus and only for a short time. You see, we will only use the money when it will ordinarily lie idle. I shall convey your suggestion to His Majesty. With this government money used without interest, the Mitsui's had much greater buying power. Hachirobi Mitsui handled this government money so well, so efficiently, for the benefit of the house of Mitsui, that his system was later adopted by the government. And today has become the modern banking system of Japan.  And with their keenness and vision within him, he drew up a constitution to be sure that what they had gained would not be lost in the generations to come. There will be a family council. And this family council will act as a supreme directorate of all business. The family council will govern all who bear the name of Mitsui. That was the basic provision. The family will pass on all marriages. The boss will not be permitted. By this provision, they would control the blood of the dynasty. Every member of the family will swear allegiance to the house of Mitsui. And we will swear to uphold this constitution. There must be no backslider. Every member of the family will put all available monies back into the enterprises of the house of Mitsui. The business must grow and continue to grow. To keep abreast of changing times, this constitution may be amended, but the spirit of the original document must not be changed. Under this unique family constitution, the Mitsui's penetrated every important commercial and financial development in Japan. By the time American Admiral Perry sailed in his black ships into the harbor of Yedo, the Mitsui's were ready to extend their interests into the outside world. When the industrial development started, they had their fingers in the pie. The state went to them as bankers for money. We shall, of course, be happy to lend the money to the state for the industrial development, with the stipulations of the industries be turned back to us at the nominal cost. Now, other powerful wealthy families were rising, and they, along with the Mitsui's, gained control of the industries as they were developed. They bought up the silk of Japan, processed it in the industries, and sold it abroad. And the Mitsubishi interests took another important step. As you perhaps have been informed, Mr. Mitsubishi, Japan has worked out plans for our military operation against Formosa.  Yes, that is what I have come to discuss with you. Yes? We must transport 2,000 troops to Formosa. There is not time to bell ships. Of course. It is our belief that you might help us solve this problem. Perhaps that could be arranged. What does the government contemplate doing with the ships after the campaign against Formosa? Our principal interest is in getting the use of our ships now to transport our men to Formosa. Should it be possible for us to locate ships that could be bought by the government from a foreign country, we should have to stipulate that after the Formosa campaign, the ships revert to us. That would be our satisfactory arrangement if we could get the ships now. There would be one other stipulation. We would have to be paid for the transport of the troops to Formosa. What is the procedure that can be arranged? Will you undertake to locate the ships at once? We will start at once. We will appreciate all possible. The Mitsubishi interests bought the ships, transported the 2,000 troops to Formosa, and charged the state 10,000 yen for the job. When the campaign was over, the ships reverted to the Mitsubishis. This was the beginning of the Mitsubishi shipping interests. Soon they had a monopoly on Japanese coast-wise shipping. From this, they expanded into deep-sea shipping and developed the world-famous NYK line, the Nippon-Yusen-Kaisha. They gathered the shipping industry into their fold. The ship building, the marine insurance, the warehousing, and even the discounting of bills of lading. Shippers learned to know the completeness of the Mitsubishi monopoly on shipping. On what line are you shipping your cargo? On the Orthano Line. Sorry, we cannot ensure your cargo. You cannot. But why? Are we only insuring cargoes that are shipped on the Mitsubishi line? Then I will get insurance somewhere else. Yes. But is your bill of lading financed? Oh, you have always financed my bills of lading. That has been discontinued. In order to have your bill of lading financed, your cargo must be insured by us. And in order to be insured by us, your cargo must be shipped on the Mitsubishi line. I will not ship on the Mitsubishi. The destination of your cargo is Taihoku in Formosa? Yes. You will be unable to run your cargo on the docks at Taihoku, unless it is financed and insured by us. Mitsubishi now owns the docks there? Yes, and the warehouses. You are forcing me to use the Mitsubishi line? No, you are not compared to. But we have all the facilities for your convenience. From shipping, the Mitsubishi interests went into mining, into the production of iron and steel and machinery, into deep-sea fishing and canning, into chemical manufacture and power utilities. The name of Mitsubishi became second only to Mitsui, and rising also now was the wealthy Sumitomo family. The house of Sumitomo was older than the house of Mitsui. So say the modern Sumitomos. That we are unable to make the loan to you. The Sumitomos are ultra-conservative. They started in the copper mining and refining business back in the middle of the 16th century. Now they have extended their interests into the fields of gold mining, into nitrates and into banking. And pressing the Sumitomos for third place among the wealthy families of Japan are the Yasudas. The founder of the Yasuda interests started as a fishmonger. By the time of the Russo-Japanese war, Japan had risen to wealth and power. It is ironical that you, the finance minister of Japan, should ask me to save the bank from failing. Ordinarily, His Majesty's government would not be concerned with the failure of this one bank, Mr. Yasuda. But Japan is in need of a final loan. And if this bank failed, we should perhaps have trouble getting this loan. Unfortunately, it will be impossible for me to save the bank. It is bad business. These and about a dozen other hard-fisted Japanese robber barons made the label made in Japan familiar around the world. They were quick to seize the opportunity provided by World War I. The Japanese money aristocracy raked in unbelievable profits from selling the markets, which before this had belonged to the belligerents. And in 1918, these wealthy families went into politics. The Mitsubishi interests are backing the Minseito Party. And the House of Mitsui is backing the Sayokai. But which political party is representing the Japanese people? No major party is representing the people. So far as we are concerned, there is no difference between the big political parties. The only difference between the Minseito Party and the Sayokai Party is the difference between the House of Mitsui and the Mitsubishi interests. Oh, yes. The Mitsui's and the Mitsubishi's helped the right politicians get into power. And in return, the politicians vote big subsidies to them. What can the people and the small businessmen do in the face of this? That question was answered when the Japanese depression struck in 1927. Small business in Japan has been wrecked by the depression. Those that are not crippled have been wiped out completely. And the money aristocracy now hold the wealth and business of Japan in the palm of their hand. The wealthy families now control not only the money and the business of Japan, but also its politics. At the start of the 30s, they virtually dictated party policies. Members of the cabinet were directly connected with the big money houses. But now, another great power was rising in the affairs of Japan. We cannot tolerate the alliance of big business and politics. So spoke the leaders of the Gandung Army, the military firebrands. But the wealthy families opposed them. We cannot tolerate the military extremist element. Their policy is dangerous. It may lead to the loss of our overseas trade. But in the army, the big business interests of Japan had a worthy foe. The army was not to be crushed, as were all the hitherto opponents of the wealthy families. The army took matters into its own hands in 1931. On its own, the army invaded and seized Manchuria. In effect, the Gandung Army is attempting to dictate to us how business shall operate in Manchuria. The army shall not dictate to us. They have made it plain that business must operate according to their terms in Manchuria. But it cannot operate at all. They will come to us sooner or later. The army has no one capable of operating or developing business in Manchuria. We must not overlook. Manchuria offers tremendous opportunities to us. The opportunities are of value only if we can't develop them as we see fit. No. We will ignore the demands of the army. We have other irons in the fire. With the other irons they had in the fire, the House of Mitsui showed the army and all of Japan for that matter some fancy manipulations. We have now bought the United States dollars with all the credits at our command. What is our next step? We must see that Japan is taking off the gold standard. Japan can never be taken off the gold standard as long as Shidihara is premier. Perhaps Shidihara could be persuaded to resign. Do you mean that Shidihara must be removed and our new government formed? I think we all understand what is necessary. They understood perfectly. Presently the guns of assassins blazed. Newspapers stormed and the government of Shidihara fell. In Shidihara's place, Inukai, the old fox, was established as premier. Inukai, whose political party was financed by the House of Mitsui, acted quickly and sensationally. Inukai is taking Japan off the gold standard. Japan's gone off the gold standard. That'll ruin the small business man. Inukai must have got his instructions from the House of Mitsui. Inukai took Japan off the gold standard because the House of Mitsui was facing a crisis in the cotton market. I've got to have help, Mr. Mitsui. For what do you need the money? I must have money to settle my accounts with the United States if I'm to stay in the importing business. You need the United States dollars? I must have them. You know, of course, that the yen has dropped 60%. I know that, Mr. Mitsui. Are you taking this loss or being ruined?  I must meet my obligations if I'm to stay in business. Yes. For child of a sister to talk business. The Mitsui's held the United States dollars, and they sold them at their own price and convenience. Small business groveled before them, accepted their terms or were ruined. Estimates of the profits to the House of Mitsui on this manipulation ranged up as high as 100 million yen. Small business suffered a devastating blow, and the Mitsui's emerged richer and more powerful than ever before. But the burning zealots of the Gondong army were still to be dealt with. They had their own stake in the future of Japan, and what they could not do by persuasion, they did in another way. Assassin's bullets cut down Baron Dan, known as the prime minister of the House of Mitsui. Baron Dan, who was known as a choir for a shrewd executive over the Mitsui interest, was shot to death as he was returning home from a party. Yanisuki Inuya, one of the highest paid and more influential executives of the Mitsubishi interests. Inuya was trailed down and shot by the assassins on the street, just as he was coming to the end of the line. Kai, known as the Old Fox, was killed by the bullets of young patriots, said to be acting for the military extremists of the Gondong army. Premier Inu Kai was a prominent member of the Seiyuki party, which is financed by the House of Mitsui. The army had served notice on the money aristocracy of Japan, that the time had come to play ball with them or else. The big business houses saw what the army meant, but big business was still not ready to knuckle under to the army. The rubber barons continued to expand their holdings and operations. Visiting observers had their eyes opened in the textile mill. Very efficient plant you have here. Thank you, yes. What is that machine there, the one that girl is operating? Oh, that is a yosuda bloom developed right here. It turns out a great deal of production. Yes, with that yosuda bloom, that girl is able to produce four times as much as is turned out by the English bloom. Four times as much? And, well, what does a girl like that earn? Oh, that is hard to say. Well, about how much would she earn? Perhaps on an average of 40 or 50 cents a day in your money. 40 or 50 cents a day. Oh, but they have a money benefit, medical care, bonuses. Mm-hmm, they can live all right on that money? All these girls are given port and room in large dormitories. They are very happy. Yes, very efficient system you have here. Efficiency is the reason why Japan has passed Great Britain as an exporter of textile. Japan has passed Britain an exporter of textiles? Yes, we passed Great Britain this year, and we are now working... Well, big business continued to expand in Japan during the middle 30s. The growing strength of the military was looming on the horizon. In Manchuria, the proving ground of the military extremists, business was falling under control of the army. In Japan proper, the money aristocracy was still resisting the army. The February elections of 1936 were a contest between the industrialists and the powerful army leaders. Or are we to permit ourselves to be driven down the road to fascism? Powerful wealthy families, the industrialists, were making their last stand against fascism. The Minfato Party, backed by the Mitsubishi interests, won the election. But almost before the shouting of the election was over, the army served notice that it was not to be thwarted by any such thing as an election. Look at this. Here's a bulletin just came in over the palette. There's been another outbreak of assassinations in Tokyo. Young military zealots today assassinated Finance Minister Koryuki Takahashi, Admiral Viscount Makoto Saeto, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Inspector General of Military Education Jotaro Watanabe. The assassinations were carried out by 22 army officers and 1,400 troops under command of a group of leaders. Japan was on the road to war, and now the Mitsui's and the Mitsubishi's and the Sumitomo's and the Yasuda's and the others knew that there was no recourse. The textile mills that had been humming with unbelievable speed now were classed as non-essential. They gave way to heavy industries. This steel mill is operated by the House of Mitsui. Its products are going into materials of war. In place of the luxury liners which used to be built here at Yokohama for the Mitsubishi interests, today you see battle ships and aircraft carriers and other war vessels are being built for Japan's war. This munitions factory here in Osaka is now one of the most important in Japan. It is operated by the Sumitomo's, the wealthy metal and machinery family, for Japan's war. The wealthy families had opposed the army extremists, but now, with the army in the saddle, the wealthy families had become realistic. They shifted their operations over to war industries and became as fascist as the army. By the middle of 1937, when Japan attacked China at the Marcopolo Bridge, the army was whipping Japanese big business into line. During the next several years, the money aristocracy and the army leaders were to draw closer and closer together, but not without friction. But draw together they did, until their divergent points of view were, for all practical purposes, blended into one. By 1941, Japan had her every industries, but she lacked enough raw materials to carry on a war against the greatest powers on earth. She got them in a matter of weeks after Pearl Harbor. Copper, bauxite and oil from the Philippines. Cold and iron from Malaya. Tin and copper from Thailand. Petroleum and coal from the Netherlands Indies. Iron and oil from Burma. Japan, the industries of the wealthy families, hummed, turning out war materials. They had all the iron and coal and oil and chemicals they needed. They had everything they needed. Except one thing. Batavia is a wrong way from Tokyo. Their raw materials were beyond their reach. We must have peace to develop these resources. We, Quota Palop, great industries with these resources. Greater than any we have now. We have neither the available manpower, nor the ships. But in order to survive, we must start the development of these resources now. We must have them for our war industries. We cannot fight a war and develop these resources at the same time. We cannot get along without them. Even in peacetime, it would take years to exploit these resources. Behind the battle lines of the Pacific, the Japanese are struggling to rest the riches from the soil of the lands they have conquered. And back in Japan proper, the Mitsui's, the Mitsubishi's, the Sumitomo's, the Asudas, and even some of the newly rich families who have grown to power through the war are looking beyond the war. With this rubber and oil and iron and tin and copper, we could build greater fortunes than the world has ever known or dreamed of. Your businessman must not forget that your first responsibility is to the empire. The army must recognize that the empire can only be great if these resources are secured for peacetime development. When this is done, no industry on earth can compete with us. You have been listening to the Pacific Story, presented by the National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated independent stations as a public service to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable the cross currents of life in the Pacific Basin. For a reprint of this Pacific Story program, send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. To repeat, for a reprint of this Pacific Story program, send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. The Pacific Story is written and directed by Arnold Marquess. The original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Paluso. Your narrator, Gain Whitman. This program came to you from Hollywood. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


Darno TP, by the way. Oh, I knew it bro. Yep. I was the only one over here and Lee Sin got it nice He's gonna be in your jungle I can come in level three if you want I'm three He worded saying I have to come longer. Coming a long way. What is this silly Lee Sin doing? Wait, did I not slow? Nope It's all good. I'm charry. I'm not alive right now, but thanks for the follow. Oh, bot lane's getting very spicy rip them They're both dead silly Lucian Silly Lucian So I waited for Leona to back and then throw my W. That way I would only be stuck with one of them It's the pro strats. Yeah.  Oh man. Don't do it Talon. I'll never catch up Whoa, Gragas. This Talon's coming for me, isn't he? Be a dog. Okay. It's all good. Zero ganks. Look how far up you're pushed. I Don't really feel too comfortable diving a Leona, but here comes the blame All my fault that they just got Outsmarted like that. All right Lee Sin flash. Oh Jay is no flash He better not have his ult up I wish it was just like another solo lane. I miss River Shen, bro Lee Sin's around. You want this?    That's how you counter Lee Sin, bro Well, I just lucked out with the whole bay with my biceps Nah, bro. There is his Quadra. Oh, they're not on it.  I have to dip set Focus Lucian. Oh the double stun from Gragas. Nice. Nice. Nice. Nice. It's spatted Damn, look at that commitment, bro. Oh I'd be angry Yep, that's it. Honestly. Honestly, bro Brought we literally put Ezreal and Gragas in our pack packs, man


So this is not me so it's like a big deal So yeah, is that the snippet that you posted the other day? Yeah, I Am on a hashtag band snippet campaign I feel that you should have to post the the you should have to give us the song within a month of the snippet because y'all You'll be on the story Jess. I you throw it out there. I have like 20 snippets. Is there a science behind it? What's the what's the bobs? Why we do that? Why do I do that? Okay?  Okay, when I do that I'm like, I know these people's gonna like go crazy. It's more like a like a proud thing Like I'm out of this song. I want to share with y'all, right, but you're not sure If it was up to me, I'll post the whole song Same day studio. I said this in the interview before like I wish I can write a song record it Record the video and drop it all the same day But that business like yeah, it doesn't so I just use the snippets the snippets like A little taste So speaking of being shocked on the verses you said that D thing had heard the gang gang verse We did it right about that recently. So how about that? I didn't even I I think I was lying when I said that I Swear wait when I said that and oh, I don't know their name. It was when you had the ponytail though Pink.  I was like, yo, you heard the song He was like, yeah, will you bother? Okay, period But we definitely We like the song, okay, we need a song just y'all to yeah Did you hear the song before like was your verse the last verse cuz I know it comes last in the song Okay, so when you do stuff like that Do Whoever you're on the song with does their verses inspire yours at all? Yes, okay, so you try to keep it related in gang games Like I purposely did this because these things locked up. Mm-hmm But if you hear like I use his flow in my hair, okay, okay Like when he was like the part when I'm like, yo, they say I'm moving different if they wasn't hanging they wouldn't be pressed Okay, I actually didn't pick up on that cuz when I first heard his verse I like I started liking a person. It was like she like the thing, you know, you don't want to be styling, right? So I started like I did it like that Okay, I didn't notice it on gang gang, but I didn't notice it on evil twins With Bando. Yeah, I feel like you was very much. That's another real rapper thing that you do I feel like you stay on subject like if you're talking about something you stay on top The clip made me done, but there's still more to come make sure y'all like comment and subscribe to stay up-to-date with the latest talk of the town interviews


The study found that the atmospheric air pollution levels in Chittah have increased significantly over the past two decades. This is mainly due to the presence of industrial facilities, motor vehicles, and stoves used for heating homes. The most common contaminant is benzo, A. pyrene, followed by dust and phenols. The highest concentrations were recorded at two stations located near the industrial facilities, indicating that these areas are more heavily affected than other parts of the city. Overall, the study shows that the air quality in Chittah has been steadily worsening over time, and this trend must be addressed immediately if the health of its citizens is to be protected. This article was authored by L. A. Michaelova, E. S. Tomskik, S. I. Lapa, and others.