The presidential candidate of the Labour Party, Pitao B, has assured the people of Bochi state and northern Nigeria as a whole that the oil discovered in Bochi state will be used to develop the state and the entire region. He made the pledge at the party's presidential campaign rally in the state. He said Bochi state reminds him that there was once a united and peaceful Nigeria as the state produced a former Nigerian leader who put the country on the part to greatness. So as I thank Bochi for discovering of Bochi, we will make sure that our oil is used to develop Bochi, to develop the north, to make sure things are working, not to use it where somebody will spend the money and everybody is hungry.


Somebody who's been to the FDR Memorial described that one. Okay. What does it look like?  Okay, larger than life Okay, so it's how much I mean it covers us a fairly large spread of ground it covers different face of his life the centerpiece is Yeah, exactly it's him and his wheelchair. I think he's got his dog Fala, which is always a crossword puzzle answer FALA that comes up Why is this here if we have a perfectly good memorial over by the tidal basin? Yeah, this was first I mean, that's a good question, but like this one is actually first And this was the one that FDR suggested during his lifetime He had been elected president four times it was it seems more likely than not that he might someday Get a memorial and when asked what would be an appropriate way to commemorate his life as a public servant he I believe he was in the Oval Office and he said a block of marble the size of this desktop With my name and my birth date and placed at the National Archives But that which is I think very understated You know he picked the location you pick the design and that's exactly what you've got the FDR Memorial at The tidal basin is totally different And in so much as he told us exactly what he wanted kind of flies in the face of his his wishes and his explicit instructions And there's a further twist there And if you remember back to the second week when Mike O'Malley came in and talked about political theater The centerpiece of the the memorial at the tidal basin is FDR in his wheelchair For a president who went to such enormous lengths over the course of his entire political career to never be photographed in his wheelchair and Remember professor O'Malley talking about you know how he would set up rails You know so that he could appear to walk to the podium That he could carry himself to the podium He had a car outfitted with hand controls And this is not just someone who didn't make a big deal about the fact that he was in a wheelchair This is someone who went to great lengths to disguise that fact And that's a great point to talk about you know who is this memorial for is it for Is it for the person is it for the the generation for whom He was such a central figure there's a whole generation of Americans where you know He guided them through the depression in the second world war is the moral for them Is the memorial for us for contemporary generations who are trying to place him in historical context And those are really useful questions, and they're they're transportable. You can ask those questions about any monument at any place Why do we do that This is this I think was probably done fairly close after his death. I would imagine it's designed Is that the right thing to do I mean to go and sort of when somebody says this is how I want to be commemorated You say yeah, all right, we're gonna do something different That could be a glib but accurate answer I mean we're talking about at this point, you know, I had the reality check that I am now pulling in a totally different generation My students this year. They're great grandparents. They're great grandparents thought in World War two My grandparents You've got so many people who are so far removed at this point that This isn't going to teach them who Franklin Roosevelt was Is that what a memorial is supposed to do? That's I think what the goal of the other memorial is I mean this is where you get into the sort of interesting undefined territory of what do we want to use this space for?


The Morrison County Sheriff's Office is seeking the public's help in identifying a suspect in a burglary. According to the Sheriff's Office, the suspect entered the Randall Cafe and Randall just before 10 p.m. on December 18th using a pry bar to gain access through a door on the west side of the building. The Sheriff's Office believes the suspect who you see here is Caucasian, but the gender is unknown at this time. The suspect appears to be approximately five feet, 11 inches tall and is wearing a ski mask, dark coat and hood as well as gloves. If anyone has information regarding the burglary, they're asked to call the Morrison County Sheriff's Office. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Did Jesus ever drink wine? Hey, smart Christians, I'm not one that really advocate drinking. As a matter of fact, I'm not a person who likes to drink. I've never really liked the taste of alcohol or or anything like that. But I am one who advocates what the Bible says being spoken of accurately. And so there are people that will think that, well, the Bible doesn't say specifically that Jesus drank wine. Well, there is no pass in the Bible that says or tells us exactly when Jesus drank. But the Bible is also clear that Jesus did drink. Let me give you an example. First of all, before I go to the passage, we know that Jesus turned water into wine. We know that Paul tells Timothy that some wine is good for the stomach. And so wine, drinking wine, is not a sin. So before I go to what Jesus, the Bible says about Jesus and wine, we know that it's not a sin. Jesus would not have turned water into wine if that is an object of sin. But let's go and go to the passage. Let's go to Luke chapter 7 verse 33 starting there. It says, for John the Baptist has come eating no bread and drinking no wine. This is Jesus speaking. And you say, speaking of these religious folks, he has a demon. Now Jesus is making it clear that he doesn't drink. He has had no wine. But him drinking no wine, you say he has a demon. But then he says, the Son of Man, which is Jesus, has come eating and drinking. And you say, look at him, a glutton and a drunkard. So Jesus is saying, you've seen me eating and drinking. But then you call me a glutton for eating when you see me eat. Though I have not eaten past my fill.    Jesus states that you've seen the Son of Man eating and drinking. Drinking what? Well, drinking, not drinking water. No one calls someone who drinks water a drunkard. And he's comparing the fact that John the Baptist did not drink wine. Also another passage that lets us know that Jesus was drinking was this. In Matthew 26, let's start in verse 27. And he took a cup and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them saying, drink of it, all of you. Obviously this is wine, for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sin. I tell you, I will not, and look what he says, I will not drink again. And the Greek word over here is the Greek word for op arti, which is, just like he says in English, it means again, I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine, meaning that he has drank wine in the past, just like he said it in Luke 733. So guys, it's not a big deal, but some people get their feathers rougher when you say that Jesus drank wine. Well, it's clear that he says so. He says he won't do it again until meaning that he's done it before. And then he states himself that he came eating and drinking and people called him a drunkard for doing so. So it's not a big issue, but just so that we can be, you know, cleared with the text and say what it says, it's not a big deal. Even if you don't like drinking wine, it doesn't mean that it's a sin if someone else has done it. And it's certainly like not blasphemous, as some have stated to say that Jesus drank wine. Even though you'll find on YouTube, there's people who've stated that Jesus never drank wine, but we see clearly he did. So my friends, I hope that that helps clear up to any misconceptions or misunderstandings for anyone. Clearly, Jesus drank wine. It's not a sin if you drink wine. It's not a sin, although we don't do so to get drunk. Amen.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA podcast, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Laura Nolan here in sunny Miami, Florida for Metro Connect USA 2022. Joining me today, we have Brian Wheeler. He is the North American sales director for Infrasight Solutions, and we have Marcella Torres. She is the COO and co-founder of Infrasight Solutions. Welcome to both of you. Thank you. Glad to be here. What a great conference, right? Yeah, it's a lot of fun, a lot of energy. Everybody loves the in-person events again. So Brian, tell us about Infrasight Solutions and what you do. Certainly. So we provide infrastructure opportunities. The one we're working on right now is actually a smart vault. So these are enclosures that go below grade. They are watertight. We have three levels of water intrusion protection. They're climate controlled. So it creates a lot of opportunities for different providers, solutions to do edge computing underground, to be able to do 5G, things that really before just weren't possible. Wonderful, wonderful. So tell us what you have planned for 2022 or any recent news that you can share with us today. Certainly. Well, for those that have heard of Infrasight before, they know we're still kind of in the startup stage. So we've been beta testing the last few years. We're excited to announce we're getting into installation phase. So we have our first few deployments this year. We have actually one that headed off to Columbia. We've got two heading to New Jersey for AT&T. And then we've got a new client in Indianapolis, which we're really excited about. So this particular project is going to be unique. But I also think it's going to set kind of the trend for like these boxes being on the edge of sexy almost, right? So the box is going to go in on the other side of the Colt Stadium right across the street. The Indianapolis is bringing in there what they call the cultural trail around there. So they don't have place for above ground enclosures any longer. So they needed a unique solution, which Infrasight provided. We're actually going to be putting the box underground in the cultural trail. There'll be pavers on top of it. So it'll be coming up out of the ground. You'll be able to service the box. It'll go right back down and it'll disappear. Good news for Colts fans too. Good news for Colts fans, right? So it's going to be a lot of fun. We're hoping we can even get some opportunities just to raise the box up and down during the game, just for the wow factor. Maybe we'll add a fog machine. You know, I don't know, but yeah. Well, that's so exciting. Congratulations on that and we'll follow those developments as well. Marcella, here at Metro Connect, lots of industry buzz, a lot of hot topics going on. What industry trends are you watching and following that you can share with us? So we're definitely following edge, you know, and basically the connectivity and the pandemic just brought that topic much more, you know, to the surface of we need to place this everywhere. Connectivity has to happen everywhere. And definitely having everybody here and putting all these minds together on how we can get there faster, right? So it's time for everybody to play ball together and, you know, accept the newbies, the startups and getting the technology out there as fast as possible. So I think that's predominantly what, you know, what we're here to do, enable the technology to get there faster. You know, we were just sitting in a presentation downstairs and they were talking about how we're getting to this densification, right, of networks, but also decentralization of them. I think one of the things that Mark said was that they anticipate that at every tower, if per every 20 towers, I think it was actually that there would be a new smaller data center at the base of that. And we think that's a place Infrasight is uniquely situated to do, right? He actually didn't go so far as to call to Vault, but he said it was a structure or an enclosure underground potentially. And I think that's exactly what we're going to be able to do. We can read between the lines. Marcella, where can our viewers go to learn more about Infrasight solutions? Definitely follow us on LinkedIn, social media, infrasight.com. There's a lot of information there from our technology standpoint. So infrasight.com. Wonderful. Well, we'll be watching for sure and follow along with you on the recent news and developments. Thank you for joining us here on JSA TV. Thank you so much. And thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV and JSA podcast. Happy networking.


One down inside. Moving, we're moving. He's on my back. Tell them to move. Tell them to move out. Pinning, pinning, pinning. Go, go, go. I'm out of ammo. Alert is advanced law enforcement rapid response training. What it does is it gives our patrol officers that are on the streets every single day a basic understanding of how to respond to an action shooter event. Across the nation, law enforcement needs to have a standardization in training and a basic tools set to be able to respond to action shooter events. By teaching our Marines how law enforcement responds and how they can potentially respond and there being armed guards within their HTCs it gives them that tool set needed to eliminate any threats or potential activities that happen within their HTCs. These courses are actually designed for law enforcement officers. Not so much the DOD. We're seeing a lot more where we're trying to incorporate DOD into these classes to provide some integration and training and baseline across the board. The action shooter level one course is a 16-hour course with the first day being practical application and PowerPoint presentations and the second day entirely focused on simulation training that highlights the day one activities and puts it into play. So the SimRounds provide a realistic realism to the training itself. There's nothing like getting tagged with a Sim and knowing whether the training that you utilized worked or did not work. I hope that anybody that learns what we're providing to them never has to go out and implement this while they're out on patrol or while they're here in an HTC. But we can't rely on the never, we have to be prepared every single day. So if one of the students that have received this training is facing that situation I hope that they go back to what they learned and are able to implement it and hopefully it takes them home at the end of the day and helps save lives.


Interesting now that I live in the Veterans Administration and I interface quite a bit with the Department of Defense, a statistic I was in a meeting not very long ago and someone from the Department of Defense said, do you know this health in this country is an issue of national security? And I thought for a minute, like, what's he talking about, right? Because 80% of people that walk into a recruitment office for the armed services doesn't even qualify to be considered for service, 80% because of their health status. So the dominant medical paradigm is what you are describing, which is we have a disease that we have to fight. And it's revealed in the language that we use, you know, antibiotics, antipsychotics, anti, anti, anti. The concept that disease sits over there and the job of medicine is to fight that battle and win. So this whole concept and this approach to modern medicine has come because you need to understand when they thought of medicine, when they thought of developing some kind of medicine and a system of medical treatment, their problem was only with infectious diseases and contagious diseases. How to treat the plague, how to treat the smallpox, how to treat this, nobody ever thought of a diabetes or a hypertension or a cardiac problem, they never even considered those things that did not exist in their radar. In their radar only infectious diseases did exist. That has to be handled on a war footing, no question about that because it is a war. An infection means there's an invasion from another organism upon our own system and you have to use chemical weapons. You can't shoot them. So this whole medical system evolved from the need to handle infectious diseases, contagious diseases which were taking a huge toll on populations in those times. But today we have come to a place where people are on self-help. That is, they manufacture their own diseases, they don't wait for any infection to happen to them. Because now they are on self-help, they need another system of medicine, another way to approach it completely, which is a shift we are struggling to make right now. I must tell you this experience. We had a yogic hospital in our yoga center in India, we called it yogic hospital. We did not want it to grow too much because we don't want to turn into a hospital full-time, we are a spiritual center. So we are keeping it low-key. Once I came here I spoke and a few doctors, American doctors who were interested, they traveled to India. They came and stayed there for three days and after three days one of the volunteers came and told me, all the medical doctors are up in arms, they want to leave. I said, what happened? They said it's best that you meet them, they are just off. Then I said, okay, and I went to meet them. Then I said, what's the problem? They said, you said there is a hospital. Where is a hospital? There is no hospital here. I said, right now there are about sixty and odd patients. I said, where is it? Their idea for hospital is that there must be beds, you must treat sick well and everybody should be… if you treat them so well they will not want to become healthy. Where are the patients? I said, they're all in the garden, I put them to work. We give them the treatment and therapies and medication but rest of the time I put them to work. Whatever they can do, they must do. Above all, they must sit and work barefoot and bare hands in with the soil. Just being in touch with the planet because you're just a drop of this planet, you're forgetting that. What you call as my body is just a piece of the planet, isn't it? If you lose connection with the source, will you not get disorganized? There are specific scientific ways of doing that. If you cannot do any of those things, at least just let them walk in a farm, barefoot, work, do something, you will see at least sixty, seventy percent of them will just come out of their problems just like that, just being in touch with this.


Let's say there are two people who love each other. If one person is thinking of a certain thought, the other person is also thinking of the same thought. Certain cohesiveness can easily happen with life. So, there is synchronicity with life, otherwise life would not exist. My question is this, in my friend's circles, there are a lot of us experiencing what we've coined, you know, synchronicities or God's winks or because I know that there are no, I don't believe in coincidence, I believe in confirmation. But a lot of us are seeing repeating numbers, 2, 2, 2, 11, 11, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 10, 10, 12, 12, you know, it's not just me, it's like a whole community of people that I know are all greatly aware of this secret, I guess, phenomenon amongst us. It's beyond just the numbers, it's certain sightings and visits. Or, you know, it's just kind of magical, it's a magical time. But what would you say, what would you attribute this experience to, because I know so many people that are having this experience right now? See, numbers and number systems have been invented by human beings, all right? We made up the numbers because we have ten fingers, we made ten an important number and you know the zero came from India, you know that the zero was invented in India and the number system evolved out of that. In India, we say, we see that zero is the only true number because that always exists. Rest we made up. One, two, three, four made up by us. Zero has always been there. It's the natural existence, there is a zero. There are many, many things which are zero. But one, two, three, four we make it up. How far can we count? It depends, you know. A child will think ten means it's like a big number in a child's mind. Well, now you can say a million or a billion, now these days everybody's saying a zillion. I don't think most people understand what's a zillion but people keep using it. So about coincidence of numbers, one aspect I'll just cover it in two different ways. One aspect is there are only nine digits. So repetition is very obvious because there are you know seven billion people and there are only nine digits. How many times will it repeat itself? Naturally it will repeat itself many, many times. But at the same time, if there are two people close to each other, let's say there are two people who love each other, now it may so happen at a given moment if one person is thinking of a certain thought, the other person is also thinking of the same thought. See one person is picking a number which is three, the other person is also picking number three because certain cohesiveness can easily happen with life.  Among trees and animals also this is very much there, much more than human beings. It is very little among human beings because there is too much of intellectual thought in the human being. In the other animals there is not so much thought, so their synchronicity is way better than that of human beings because they experience life chemically or by smell. So because of that there is a much more cohesive synchronicity among other creatures. For example, if a group of wild elephants come and start grazing on a particular species of trees, within twenty minutes all the other trees in that region belonging to that species, their leaf will go bitter and they'll turn mildly poisonous. Because they've communicated, we are being eaten up, you do something, they will all turn bitter. The elephants know about it.  So even among trees there is such synchronicity, if human beings hit us pitch among themselves, good for them, but don't give too much significance to it because then you will start imagining a whole lot of things which are unnecessary. But is there synchronicity with life? Of course. Otherwise so many things wouldn't happen. There are lots of studies which clearly show this and in the yogic system we call this samskriti. What samskriti means is there is something called as, you know, learning because of the atmosphere. You're not being actually taught anything just because a certain family has certain skills. Even the children born in that family just almost like they're born with those skills, they just adapt. It is just in the air somewhere, the skill. They just pick it up. They have made studies of various people and animals, mice. They have noticed that this is possible that learning can just happen out of contact. So there is synchronicity with life, otherwise life would not exist. But it should not be overdone in our minds, that's all.


where we are right now already feeling like we're down here, you know, surfing the wave of the digital society. But what's really happening is back here, right? This is the tornado that's going to come when there's five billion people connected to the internet. I think about the social consequences, the political consequences, the issues of inequality and all these things. I mean, that is a tornado we're going to see coming and that's where we are headed. And of course, much of that will be happening in the emerging markets, the so-called BRIC countries. There's a lot of reasons for this, but many of you are already looking at this market. I'm going to talk about the other three billion, the 03B, going online in Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, and so on, going online. Look at just these graphs here, showing the penetration of internet access and the increase that we're going to see in China, India from 7 to 19 percent, Brazil to 74 percent in three years. Look what happens in America from 70 to 73. So clearly, all the growth and all the GDP growth, if you're looking for money, clearly. Those are not easy places to work. I do a lot of work there, but that's where we are going. Mary Meeker, who was one of the lead investors in Facebook, and still is, I think, has a yearly slideshow called the Mary Meeker Internet Trends. And you can download them as 180 pages. You definitely download this. But she, last year, at the end of last year, she talked about this and she said basically what's happening is that we're looking at the re-imagination of everything. How we pay, how we learn, how we get our music, how we watch movies, how we store our health data, how we buy stuff. It's quite scary, in fact, when you think about it. We have now the power in our hands, on our mobiles, than the president of the US had 10 years ago, in terms of information. So the re-imagination of just about everything is pretty mind-boggling. And what it really means is radical empowerment of the user. This is good for us as users. We can go online, we can complain about EasyJet or Ryanair or whatever. We can compare prices. We can fire ourselves through Facebook. So this is empowerment radical, but it's for companies and for businesses, this is like a perpetual WikiLeak. Everything goes out, everybody is transparent. If you are in business, you're essentially naked. I mean, people can look at your company and they want to see what's really happening. So that's quite a trend. And it's very cultural, like here in Korea, Tesco installed a service where you can buy groceries by using the mobile phone against a virtual wall. You can scan the product and hit buy, and it'll be delivered to your home later this evening. So it's a 3D shop in the subway. Would that work here? Kind of doubt it. So re-imagination is almost very cultured and learning is very cultured, but I think technology is totally refining the relationships between us and the data, information, who's a teacher, who's a learner, who pays whom, for what and why. That is a tall order. And especially the next five years they're going to really rewrite how this works. The keyword here, also from Kleiner Perkins, they call this Solomo, I'm sure you heard this before, social, local, mobile. And that has become the war cry of all companies who are starting up at this point looking at what they're gonna do in the next five years, social, local, mobile. I mean, clearly, I don't even have to ask here, you guys, who's on LinkedIn or Facebook?  Now, everybody is on these networks. Everybody has a mobile, everybody's using local services and one where the others, whether it's coupons or logins or four square. So that's sort of where it's going. I had social, local, mobile, and in the connected users' mindset, we're always thinking, well, there must be an app for this. There must be a better way to do it quicker. This has become a default mindset. For example, now there's over 25 divorce apps. So if you're looking to get divorce, you can do that with an app now. It's too late for me, I already happened once before, so I wasn't ready for that, but maybe it would have helped me, I don't know. But people are thinking there's an app for that. And if they think about learning and education and finding out stuff, you can download Wikipedia with a thing called wiki offline. It's a five gig download and you can use Wikipedia offline. This is extremely helpful for your external brain, so to speak. But now the learners are the ones leading innovation. It's not the companies, all the schools, the institutions, the providers, it's the learners themselves, because we are now, what's called in the consumerization of IT. We have sometimes better tools than the companies that we work for. We bring our own device and we're using all these things and the company has this ancient system using Microsoft or whatever, or even more ancient systems. They use that system and we have apps. We have our own mobile. So we're actually more powerful than some of us. So this is basically a huge amount of disruption and opportunity. I don't have to tell you all the trends that are happening here now from the rise of data, smart, intelligent agents, this idea of a new interface technologies and abundant choice. You want to learn about something? Go to Ted.com, there's 2,500 videos. You can learn a lot of stuff there. Maybe you can also sort of, you know, learn about some way of life that Ted proclaims to tell you. But it's a very interesting scenario. We can learn, I mean, there's 50 shows on the web, forward.tv and big think and Ted, where we can learn. But one thing is clear that pervasive mobile connectivity means high speed, low cost, cheap devices, LTE with 10 pound devices. So to India, you can buy the Aakash tablet for $30. The Brazilian government is looking to buy 100 million tablets for $10 each to give away to the students for free, for learning. So pervasive mobile connectivity, that's going to happen in the next five years. High speed, low cost, maybe even free. We'll radically reshape the way we learn with the virtual classrooms and all that stuff that I'm going to talk about a little bit. But how disruptive mobile really is. If you're a Kindle user, for example, you know it has completely disrupted what we do with books and me as a writer has completely disrupted what I do as a writer. First, I don't need a publisher. That's bad for them. But second, I can write short books. I can be lazy. You know, just publish short books, which I am doing. But really the whole process of reading, now I have a queue on the Kindle that I would never have in real life. You know, my queue is on the Kindle, is 228 books as of yesterday. Would I have bought that many books if I had buy real books? I would have stopped at 50. So change is all behavior and if you're looking at this graph from Henry Blodgett, a little bit hard to see. The main thing is that the mind-share that mobile is taken away from all the other media. So people use more mobile access and they go away from television, radio and print in favor of mobile. So where is this going to go? Of course, it's convergence, but really it's very disruptive. Quite possibly, I think mobile means the end of learning monopolies, not say in a bad way, and the end of I don't know. Because you can always find out. There's no longer I don't know and of course, the bad part of that is there's no longer any boredom. And that kind of bores me. When you think about this, the fact that there's no boredom is not necessarily a good thing. Because we need that sometimes to be able to invent something, actually, because otherwise, we're always looking for the next thing. So this is a really big shift in society. And now we're going even further by essentially using the mobile as our external brain. And people want to go further and make the mobile our internal brain. Literally, like this guy. The internet is going to be in our contact lens. And when the internet is in our contact lens, you blink and you will go online. And if you meet somebody at a meeting, a conference, or a classroom, and you don't know who they are, your glasses will identify who they are and print out their biography in your contact lens. Oh, this is very useful. This is like Google Glass, I'll take it one step further, I suppose. But what does it mean for learning? Will I actually learn ahead of time or just pull up my internal Wikipedia implant or my language implant? Will I learn languages if there's automatic language translation, which there will be? Already exists, it's clumsy. But Dokomo in Japan has an app that you speak into in German, it comes out in Japanese or Chinese. It works. Will our kids still learn languages if they have this Star Trek-like ability to translate on the fly? But one thing's for sure, computing is becoming virtually free. This is the very first big rate array that they had to ship with the plane, had the power of my wristwatch, basically. Now we have this. Virtually free, basically. I mean, there's lots of things that aren't free in the under, but this is a huge shift in terms of what we're going to do. Every screen's becoming some kind of connected device and a way to learn. Every screen. Literally every screen. In the car, I mean, just go take a taxi cab anywhere in a big city, you see five or six screens in front. Now their Facebook screen, which is more important than the navigation, and the payment screen, and maybe a television is blasting at you on the rear seat. Every screen is getting connected in some way to learn. So in this social, local, mobile world, I think all of the processes of creation, of training, of production, of distribution, of selling are completely different. And look no further than the music business or the television business or the movie business for this kind of disruption and talk to the newspapers about what's happening to them. Same thing is going to happen to education. So basically what we're looking at is disruption, but also huge opportunities to reinvent things that are digitally native that only work because of the internet. And this is clearly a new multi-platform world. It's a world where we're not going to say, well, I've watched my television on the TV and I listened to radio in the car. It's going to be completely different. I'm going to listen to radio on television and read my newspaper on the car radio, which is reading it to me while I drive. So multi-platform, multi-channel, and fragmented. Whatever I may like, you may hate. And I may only ever watch a television show about how to fix my motorcycle because I like motorcycles. So it's fragmentation and that's clearly a challenge for business model. But you've heard about cloud computing and many of you are involved in this, but inevitably all content and education is and learning is content. All moves into the cloud. Our health records, our music, our textbooks. This is a huge shift for publishers. They're not quite sure if they should hate it or like it. But basically this is inevitable and it's going to cause situations where we're wondering are we learning for later like what I did when I went to school? You know, I studied theology when I was a kid and I studied music after that. So all kind of useless stuff basically. But I became a diploma jazz musician and I had to learn 800 songs just in case I had to play them sometime. So I learned for later. But now we have this kind of situation that you may know from a movie that some of you may know. Can you fly that thing? Not yet. Operator. Tank, I need a pilot program for a B-212 helicopter. Hurry. Let's go. So she downloaded the pilot program because it could be done on demand. Will we live like this? I mean, it's quite likely in fact, not essentially like this, but in similar situations we'll be looking for stuff on the fly to learn for the next day just like I learned about this topic in the last three weeks. I didn't know all about it as much as I do now. So that's sort of like a similar situation where we're looking at speed. You know, the need for speed, the game, if you have kids, you know how to play this, but the need for speed is essential. And because of the need for speed, we sometimes have the need for, you know, skimping along the surface, which is an interesting dichotomy because in the end, really, what it's all about learning is really about having an immersive experience. And it can't always be rushed. You can't always say, well, let me read a summary of this book. Then you haven't really read the book. It's like, you know, looking at a plastic version of food in the window, that doesn't mean you have eaten it. So is it a contradiction, speed and immersion? I think sometimes it could be, but clearly we're heading into a time of information tsunami, like I showed you in the beginning. More and more data every single day, more SMS, more email, of course, more social messages, more status updates, more what have you all the time. Very noisy world, looking at all the stuff that's happening. I mean, we're estimating that about 60% of the entire internet traffic will be done on mobile devices in the next three to five years. On mobile devices, it's only 10% now. So in this information tsunami, we need filters. This is why we need newspapers and publishers and radio editors and people who write programs. This is why we need teachers because they're filters. How can you possibly say that you're gonna actually learn from a Twitter feed? You can learn something, but the realization of what happens needs a filter. It needs to go into a place that goes a little bit deeper than that. Because it's not just about data, it's about digesting it. Could you drink from a fire hose? You can try, but you need a dentist afterward. I mean, it's possible, but what we need is a filter, some sort of plug-in that makes this possible for us. And this is the interesting part. Most of the information that we have, our information about things that we can learn, it's still hidden. This is like Mauna Kea in Hawaii, which is the biggest mountain in the world, not Mount Everest, most of it underwater. We're up here with our information. Most of the stuff that we could find out about is still down here. It's all going to come out. So this is a future knowledge that we're going to see and as Clay Scherke, a really smart writer and colleague of mine says, the problem is not really information overload, while it kind of is a problem, obviously, but the problem really is filter failure. So if we're going to learn something and get inside of something, we need better filters, better handling, better interfaces, better experiences. And that's the huge opportunity because of all the information that becomes available. And sometimes, of course, we're now in a situation where we get addicted to this flow, literally addicted. I mean, there's research showing that American kids, when they wake up at night, check their Facebook feed. I don't know if you do that, I hope not, but otherwise you'll be seeing me there. But anyway, this is really an issue, right? Addiction to information overload is also an issue. 43 internet addiction clinics and hospitals in Korea alone. I have visited one, it's quite an experience, but I don't have time to tell you about that. So, no, I mean, I wasn't inside, I came in from the outside. But anyway, abundance is inevitable, abundance of data. More information that we could ever humanly process. So therefore, curation and context and interface become crucial. This is an argument, of course, that ultimately says the user-generated content is very important, but it has to be filtered into something that we can actually put to work. As Nick was saying yesterday, and the behavioral scientist, ETIA, yeah, I was talking about yesterday as well, that information is useless unless we find a way to make it meaningful. So, this kind of preview of our future, now we are now heading into a world where the web of context is really happening and the web of things that are connected, the internet of things, and the quartz-wile version of the web of brain and thought extension, which is quite likely to happen in the next 10 years. So, what does that mean for learning? I mean, this is going to be a huge challenge for us to figure out how we can actually get in there. But let's remember, I think learning is really about conversation and experience and context. You can learn lots of data, but it's meaningless until you've chewed on it. So, there is a human challenge for us to create those interfaces in technology itself. So, looking at the multitude of feeds that we're seeing today, the question to me is, will real experiences remain to be in person, in the same space, or in time, or are they going to also become virtual? An interesting fact art here is, for example, with Guitar Hero, that some of you may know, but unfortunately enough for your kids to actually use this. Guitar Hero in the US has led to an increased sales of guitars for the last five years. People play Guitar Hero, which is like a mock-up guitar playing, plastic guitar and so on. But kids who play this a lot, eventually they realize, you know, it would be fun to really play the guitar. So, the virtual experience has led to a real experience. That's probably not always true, but I think there's a strong relationship between the two. But the future really is going to be rather complex if you're looking at all the things that are being invented. And I think we have to literally buckle up for things like augmented reality, telepresence, which is hugely expensive, but will go down to a couple thousand dollars in the future. And I've tried quite a few of the holographic haptic robots that represent us in a meeting. Sounds weird, but works, holograms, widely used on television now. Takes a half a million dollars to set it up, but yes, you can project me into some place. Automatic language translation, using reading devices and speaking devices. That's all within three years. Google Glass, I mean, you have to be sort of a sociopath to actually do this, but maybe some of us will find some use for it. We're basically looking at a situation of an entire interface revolution. Lots of really great things from the graphic user interface to the new way to the natural user interface. And that's really gonna help us deal with information and maybe Apple will come up with this thing called, I think, which will alleviate the need to learn anything or to do anything for that matter. But Steve probably thought this up. In any way, we're going into a world that goes from downloads and products and walled gardens to flows and services and open platforms. All of the success of the last 10 years has been in this direction, what I call the networked connected society. Google, Twitter, Facebook, QQ, Zing, Orchage, you name it, on and on goes. So if you're looking for something that's happening in mapping, there's this company called Waze that is crowdsourcing information for maps from people who are actually driving, pushing a button and saying, we have construction, we have a jam here, we have a radar camera over here and crowdsourcing information. This company is just about to be purchased by Apple because they have the best real-time information of maps. It's driven by people using a connected way of real-time gas station information and so on and so on. So Kevin Kelly who started Quiet Magazine, he calls this the switch from the download to the flow. And this is a very, very important principle because it really changes learning. Do we need to download and store stuff or are we switching like the internet is switching from over here to streams, to tags and the cloud? Most of you today are no longer bothering to download music for free or even download it at all because it's always there using YouTube or Spotify or whatever you're using, it's virtually there. The value of music of course has been diminished as a copy but in terms of society and the value of music, what people like about music has increased but commercially has created a huge mess with this equation of the shift to a fluid system. So this is what's happening with learning, it's becoming fluid and that changes the rule of the equation of what happens in terms of the value proposition and we're moving at warp speed. We're moving at a speed that we would have previously thought is impossible. In many ways we thought about this years ago and we said it's going to be fast but now finally it is. In the next three to five years we're looking at mind-boggling changes there. As GigaOm says, over 70% of Apple's revenue and 40% of IBM's comes from products that are impossible to offer just a few years ago. Now think about that for your company, the stuff you're going to invent today, how long will it actually be new? And in three years the things that we're going to use as a standard like we do today with Twitter didn't even exist, the timing is totally compressed. So I think what that means is that work is being redefined, what does it mean to work? How do we work, where do we work and of course that totally redefines learning. It goes together. So in this scenario we are becoming sort of a global brain because we can connect to others on global issues and we can connect to others on important changes to those global issues and sometimes it's this sort of multi-layered information that we can get into using the global brain. I think it's an important part of the future is that we're all to some degree becoming a global brain. And then we have adaptive learning technologies like this one from McCraw-Hill that you may know about the smart book that actually learns with the student what is the best thing to do in the learning process in the next step. So it's adapting the program as you do this and this is a very important technology of course that we're going to see not just from these guys but in general, this idea of digital native learning technologies, things that are only possible because we are online and because we are connected. And here's a scary part that I think is also a huge opportunity we're entering the area of intelligent electronic agents. It sounds like science fiction but you can go to a store now in many countries all over the world and you can try your own address and then you can Twitter about it in a mirror and send it off to your friends and they can let you know if you should buy it. I haven't tried it myself and nobody would care if I did. But the virtual fitting room, Disney now has a wristband that they put a billion dollars into this technology that allows people to go into a theme park and be completely recognized who they are and offer customized products and services and bonuses and coupons, all that kind of stuff. This is a thing that is from the XPISE Foundation. It's called the Tricorder, the remote analysis of your body. You can actually, there's a poker, you can poke your finger and it will tell you what your status is, medically speaking. It's just now being invented. This is a Star Trek product. So this is really amazing, this way of talking to your smart meter at home and have it change the air condition remotely. This all sounds like science fiction, the internet of things, but that's here. And lots of really interesting products are being invented. So now it's a question that I wanted to post to you. What is your world view? If you're from New Zealand, you see the map like this. This is a Kiwi map of the world where New Zealand and Australia's in the middle, the rest is down here. It's a reverse map. But what is your world view? This is a very important question because if you're looking at an industry where I've worked in for a long time, as a musician, you may recognize this, the music business. They've done a fabulous job of adjusting to a digital reality of life by suing people and by making things unavailable. So in return, their revenues have declined 74%. So if that's not success, I don't know what is, but there's a great quote. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn. Unlearn. And what did we have to unlearn the music business? Simple.  Bad assumption. We had to unlearn just the underlying operating mechanism of how this all works. And here's the reality for content, which I think learning is to a large degree also content. We are experiencing this in this era of transition, you know, from the physical to digital, from the analog to digital choice, there's a value reduction because there's friction removed. So a song that used to cost a pound on iTunes, if we were to actually pay for it in Spotify or other servers, it would be a penny or 10 cent. That's the value reduction, about 50 to 90%. You put all the movies of the world online, everybody pays to watch the movies, is not going to fetch as much money as if you were buying a DVD. Clearly, it's a huge reduction in overall value. But the good news is this, and this is really the encouraging part, you have 50 to 100 times the number of potential users. Because it's virtual, you know, you can access anywhere, you have the other three billion coming online, you have lower cost of distribution, and you have new business models. So ask yourself a simple question. You're going to sell a DVD with an educational product to 500 people, or you're going to sell an online service or an app to 500,000 people for one 20th of the price. What's better? I mean, do the math clearly, second one is better. But there is a huge difference, of course, in that it's much harder to control. So I want to play this short movie because it's an interesting view into the future of what really the issue is there. Again, this is the USS Montana requesting that you immediately divert your course 15 degrees to the North to avoid a collision over. Please divert your course 15 degrees to the South to avoid collision. This is Captain Hancock. You will divert your course over. Negative, Captain, I'm not moving anything. Change your course over. So this is the USS Montana, the second largest vessel in the North Atlantic fleet. You will change course 15 degrees north when I will be forced to take measures to ensure the safety of this ship. Over. This is a license measure. Is your call? So, yeah, that was kind of a misunderstanding. But I call this the toxic assumptions. You know, the assumptions that we assume are true, but they have never actually been true and they're not true now. We just always thought that they were true. And there's no better example in a music business for that, of course. But what are our toxic assumptions? What are we assuming is true that actually isn't true and that we've believed in? So we have to abolish some of those and maybe first discover them, of course, what they are. And here's one of them, intellectual property. That is, of course, important. And I don't mean to write copy by a penny means, but look at this slide here from GE, saying that the top reasons for not collaborating with other companies is lack of IP protection, meaning that if we collaborate, somebody else could say that they're involved and we would have to share the outcome. This slide is even more dramatic. Number one reason, lack of IP protection confidentiality and even more interesting, the next slide, shows that in the UK, you're not doing so bad. Here, the largest concern of protection is only 58% here, but in Brazil that we always think of a cool place is 86%. So Brazilians are really worried about intellectual property. But do our assumptions hold true that if we can control copyright and claim it for ourselves, we're going to be better off? The pharma business is showing us that's not true. The pharma business is now shifting to an open crowd sourcing model of finding stuff outside of their own R&D. This is really something very interesting. I think if you're looking at the movie business, this is a illustration of the movie business, hugging the intellectual properties, think twice about this. Think twice about whether that protection is going to actually yield something beyond the immediate feeling of ownership. I think what we're seeing is here that the learning sector has an evolution. It used to be this idea of centralized top-down broadcasting of information, and now there comes a networked brain, a global brain. Becomes an ecosystem, and this is the big difference. In this ecosystem, you can be a big wheel. You can be a big publisher, you can be a big technology provider, but you can't be the wheel. And that is a substantial difference. An ecosystem is broken when the parts of the system don't perform their functions, you know, some other wheel takes over, but if there's 90% of them breaking down, the whole thing falls apart. So an ecosystem, which is a topic of my next book, by the way, is this idea of saying, you know, what's happening with learning, for example, with the iTunes, the Open University on iTunes, in a social, local, mobile world, that it's becoming a whole new ecosystem, and I think this means for learning institutions, they have to become part of a larger ecosystem. My view is that because I work a lot with colleges and also I'm teaching at various places and I do a lot of corporate development as well, this is the kind of world that will live in the past, you know, under a bubble protected from the outside, and the future really is going to be like this. This bubble is becoming part of a larger ecosystem. And that's a good thing, because obviously, you know, the pie is getting bigger, it's not that we're gonna go back and eat from the same pie and compete. We're actually growing this, but you can see a substantial difference here, clearly, is that this is a collaborative thing. It's an ecosystem. So this guy, Paul Barron, who came up with a bunch of network principles of network society and so on about 50 years ago, he's got a very interesting slide, where he's talking in his book about how the world is shifting from centralized to decentralized to distributed information. Schools are, of course, centralized, used to be rather, companies like Coursera are distributed because they're distributing others. And Salesforce, Chatter, or Yammer, or all these peer-to-peer, or Facebook, for that matter, is distributed. So the information is shifting in this way, and basically what's happening here is that all three of them will coexist, because we need different things at different times. But if you're going to build something in the future, you're very unlikely to build a centralized entity, because clearly that is requiring a lot of details, a lot of holding on to stuff, while distributed commerce and distributed information, peer-to-peer and user-generated information is clearly taken over. I think the rising tide will float all of those boats, all three of them. And this will be very interesting in the future because I think we're living in an end world, not in an either or world. So sometimes, compared with television, sometimes you want to use your cable television to watch a football game or something, and it really works, and that's great. If you use your mobile phone to do the same thing, chances are it wouldn't work because somebody else is using it at the same time. There's enough power there. So we have to have both. We have to have both the institutions. We have to have both the user-made content, and the question is how do we combine them? How do we create our own reality? So what's happening here in general, I think is that we have this trend towards what I call open AMAP, open as much as possible. Tim O'Reilly, who's a publisher, has a great saying that says when you want to gain speed and you want to gain an audience, you open up as much as you can because that brings people in, and of course that means it's often free. But when it's about monetizing and trying to figure out how to make a business model out of it, then you have to figure out a way that the open becomes a way of how you can turn around revenues into a certain direction. So that means you're getting a little bit more closed. And that is an ongoing dance. Ask yourself a simple question. If LinkedIn, which all of you are on LinkedIn, of course, I assume, let me ask who's actually paying for LinkedIn, for the premium service. You can admit it, it's okay. It's kind of foolish, but I do it, so not to say it's foolish, it's actually really good. But if LinkedIn, seven years ago, I was number 7,000 on LinkedIn when I signed up. There's 278 million people now. If LinkedIn had asked us for $10 to sign up, who would have signed up? Nobody would have signed up because it wasn't clear what it was. But now LinkedIn last year made $780 million with premium subscriptions, HR services, advertising. They created a model out of being open and then closing down some of it, for example, if I want to email 50 people through LinkedIn, I can't do it unless I buy the premium. So that's where they, no, this is the whole premium model. This is very, very important, for example, with this issue of the pay wall in the newspapers. So if somebody tells us to say, okay, now we have to pay or go away, 98% of us go away, because it's not the right time to pay yet. So we have to figure out how we can convert at the right time. KlaxoSmithKline, as I said earlier, the pharma company has created an open innovation lab for tropical disease research, where they donated one billion euros worth of research for free. And why are they doing this? Not because they're good at their heart, maybe they are, kind of doubted though. The billion dollars that they let go creates another 20 billion in research that comes to an open network where people are participating using their own information. The crowdsourced ideas, sharing intellectual property, great book, but TAPS got a good friend of mine, just came out last week, it's called Radical Openness. And that teaches us about how they can actually work in a capitalist society, in a business scenario. But I think if you're going to build something today in learning, in terms of technology, building a walled garden is mission impossible. Unless you, as brilliant as Steve Jobs, where you can run the world according to your own liking, rest in peace. He did it, congratulations. But you're going to do that? You're going to build a walled garden? I wouldn't do it. I think we're looking at a mindset evolution in society, but also in business, from this idea of ownership, of industrial development, production, to this idea of a networked business scenario. And this is apparent everywhere. It used to be, for example, that learning and development and training was considered in most companies to be sort of accidental, or it's just there somewhere. It's like sustainability.  It also matters. But it's becoming center stage now. How to learn something in the company has become the number one issue. If your people don't have knowledge, if they don't move, if they don't create, you are dead, you're going to be dead for sure. And you should leave a company that doesn't do that because there's no point sticking around. Just like sustainability is becoming center stage now, mindset evolution of what's called the weak economics, creating something together. So the future in this sector and in many others is about hypercollaboration. It's not about hypercompetition. It's not about how to stamp out the other guy who has another software like this or has another offering like this, but it's to actually collaborate to create collaborative business models to create ecosystem. For example, Mozilla has a fantastic way of creating collaboration through badges, called open badges. So when you are an engineer that does something really good, you get this badge and that basically shows people that you've been approved by the crowd of Mozilla. So basically, I think we need to take the lid off these collective resources. And that's happening on a global scale. That's pretty mind-boggling for example, what Mercedes-Benz is doing crowdsourcing information about how to build the next car from their drivers. You get invited to this website where you can contribute, they have an open innovation network. I mean, this is a really conservative German company. This is not a bunch of startup guys. Lufthansa came up with an error cargo challenge. And then somebody won like, I think a half a million euros here inventing how error cargo can be changed. So let's take the lid off these collective resources because they're vast. Looking at sites like Kickstarter and those that are already doing this, how can you do that as part of your company? Craft has a great concept called the Collaboration Kitchen where they invite people to cook up recipes for the new product. And Starbucks has been doing this for a long time of course, but this is a really powerful thought. How to collaborate there, how do you do this? Another thing that's happening is that, imagine we are in this Rolodex with all of our linked in connections and everyone that we know, there's a huge contextual Rolodex developing. If I have a problem and I need to find out about how people use educational textbooks on the internet in China, I can research, but I can just go to my network and raise a flag. I can go inside my Rolodex using smart or others and I can ask people, you're in China, we've met XYZ, can you send me a link?  This is a huge learning advantage, learning from each other, tapping into each other's minds in this way. This also unfortunately may lead to this idea of quantified workers. Now, workers who are basically being raided, for example, you may know about this service called Cloud, K-L-O-U-T, to where you get assigned a rating based on your activity on social networks. I have no idea why my is 71, maybe somebody rigged it up or something, but if you have a rating over 50, you get an upgrade in many hotels because apparently it's somewhat important, whatever that means. And then there's Salesforce chatter and of course Yammer to where you can essentially quantify people who are working with you to see how much value they are generating in the network. This will be used eventually as a way of promotion, as a way of figuring out who's actually creating value rather than just noise. And of course now we're going to touch data. We're going to be able to touch the data from the people that work. We're going to literally go inside of their brain and find out what they need or what they can give to us. And as Kevin Kelly says, we're going to a whole new level of visuality. Having visual information, infographics, this is a very big trend for learning. Gamification, I think you've heard about this, turning learning into games. This is a major trend and I'm not entirely sure sometimes what the outcome of this is and it's been overhyped to some degree, but the Gardner report says 40% of global 1,000 companies will use gamification as a primary mechanism to transform business operations and also learning. Gamification means doing something that used to be very frustrating and boring, turning that into an exercise and doing something and you can see some of the graphs here. There's a huge business into gamifying processes, learning something as part of a game. An example here is how Marriott has created a Facebook game to recruit people.  So this kind of gamification is a mechanism that you know only too well because in a way Facebook and LinkedIn are also games. You know, we're playing a game of swords there by publishing and pushing stuff to each other. Deloitte has a leadership academy where most of what they do is based on game mechanics, learning stuff in a playful way. This is a huge business opportunity in my view is to consider what this actually does. If you've ever been to Burning Man, I'm not promoting it, I'm just saying that if you don't know what Burning Man is, you're a deep dropper. But my good friend Albert Einstein said, wisdom is the residue of time wasted. I think this is so true. Playing is a competitive advantage. Playing with information, playing with ideas, and this the Google mantra is 20% of an engineer's time is spent on playing with new stuff. Maybe that's the reason why they're so widely successful for their new products. And playing with information, getting inside of information is really where we come up with ideas that are human. We don't need ideas that are gonna turn us into robots. I mean, that may make some money in the short run. But if you wanna know about this, watch this new movie called Robot and Frank or Frank and Robot, you understand where this is going. So the best technology in my world will help us to be or to remain or even become human. And this is the key challenge in my view and learning is, how do we go from the human to the machine, to the data, to the knowledge that's inside of other things? What's the interface? I think efficiency should never come at the expense of humanity. I got this from Bill Teller at HBR, which is very true. If we focus on being efficient in learning, I think we're gonna bark up the wrong tree. It's really about being more human, about creating this interface, because as again, my friend Albert Einstein says, imagination is more important than knowledge. I don't know if he would agree, I think it's knowledge, obviously, and information is very important. But I don't believe that we can have this sort of techno-fix approach to our issues. No, we invent another technology to solve a problem that we created with yet another technology.  And what's the next thing we're gonna geo-engineer the entire world so we can keep those machines running? So there's an issue I think that we should face. We need algorithms and technology, but we also need what I call, humorism, something that works actually for people. This is very important because clearly for learning our brain is a lot more than big data. I mean, there's a huge business in big data, but there's a lot more about other things than just data. Imagination, my view, will matter more than ever before. And whatever you're creating in the learning industry should take that into account what imagination would mean in the future, and also what this means, which is resilience. The entire topic of the Davos meetings last week in Switzerland was this. How do we create resilient societies? If something fails here in the system, if this piece of the spider web collapses, the spider doesn't freak out and goes away, it just continues to catch somewhere else or it fixes it. Only if 90% is broken there, you go somewhere else. Resilience, that's what we need for learning. We have to learn how to be resilient rather than depend on one thing to work at the same time. I think learning now becomes, because of our digital society, learning becomes dynamic, real-time, social, mobile, local, fluid, peer-to-peer, and gamified. And what used to be with learning is also still going to be there. Our old system exists in parallel. It's like we're going to watch television on the internet, doesn't mean we're gonna give up cable anytime soon. Eventually, maybe, some of us. But this is a key slide, of course. So I'll give you a summary and then we're gonna have some questions. You can download the slideshow at gertcloud.com later or even now, if you wish. Here's a summary. First, embrace and design for social, local, mobile. All the major trends in society and in learning and in opportunities in business come from this angle. I mean, five years ago, Eric Schmidt from Google said it's mobile first. Five years ago. And it actually is today. Mobile is first. It's about multi-channel and multi-platform. Whatever you're creating has to work in different places so you can use it when you're traveling and then at home you can use it on television and then you can print out something. It's all one part of the same platform. So centralized, decentralized and distributed as the slide was showing from Paul Bernin is they will coexist. I think there may be sort of an overlap at a certain point to where the distributed model will eat into the central model. But for the time being, I think the next five years we're going to have coexistence and the change of business model there. It's an and, we're all not in either or world and it's also a fragmented world where we are looking at what's coming together between ourselves and what comes from the middle. Next generation interfaces. Voice translation, augmented reality, 3D, tangible data. Clearly that is something we have to look at starting with augmented reality.  Find and dissect and boot your toxic assumption. This is very important. What are we believing that is there, that's sort of at the core? Like when I worked in the music business, their primary belief was very simple and that was if we don't control distribution, the copying of our music, we're dead. Reality is you control distribution and you're dead. And they're finding out today that control distribution is not an issue because it can't be controlled. They have to control attention. It's a whole different cup of tea and they're finally getting to that. So if a technology doesn't help us to be more human, forget it. I wouldn't be interested. Technology is going to create an algorithm that I have to comply with like cloud. I'm not interested. This is very important for learning I think. Open as much as possible is becoming mission critical. To gain an audience, to get speed of deployment. What is not a good idea is to make everything free, just to make it free and not have a way to do anything afterwards. So the freemium only works if you have a way to get to the next level. So this is kind of a dance between open and close but clearly open as much as possible is becoming mission critical. The craft example I consider starting your own collaboration kitchen. Look at your competitors and people outside of your space and say can I work with these guys? You know the most common trends in our media, television, music and so on is to work with telecom providers and mobile operators. Complete the outside of your old routine. So consider starting your own collaboration kitchen and reduce overload. Talk briefly about this, get better filters. This is also really important for learning because when you have overload you don't learn and don't forget to detox.


So just like in every sport, there's a definitive year-ending event to crown the champion. You know, there's the Super Bowl, the World Series, the Family Cup, y'all get my point. In Thera Bread Racing, the Breeders Cup World Champion is a combination of the horse racing season worldwide. This year's Breeders Cup Classic will be held in Lexington, Kentucky at Keeneland Racetrack. The festivities kick off the 6th on Friday. You'll have five races there, and then they'll follow into Saturday the next day, but will not only have the Fandall Mile, but the Longine Breeders Cup Classic. The Classic is brand and a mile and a quarter, and y'all throw breads year after year. The race is open to horses three years old and up, and there is only 14 starters allowed in this race. So even if you don't follow horse racing, this is the race where you'll still probably know some of these names. You have Tiz the Law, who won the Belmont Stakes, who I personally thought had the makings for a triple crown horse. You have Authentic, who is a baffert horse and is never to be left out. He won the Derby. And then we have Swiss Skydiver, who not only won the Pregnus, but also my heart being the only filly in that race, and she won. Now that we're all caught up on the Breeders Cup, where it is, what it is, let's talk about a couple races. The first one I want to talk about is the Fandall Mile. And please, if you haven't heard about it, go over to Fandall. If you can roster the 14 horses in their exact order, you have a chance to win a million dollars. But three horses that I have my eye on are Ivar, one master in digital age. I like Ivar. He ran a great Shadewell Mile on a Keelan Turf course earlier in the year. So let's talk about the big race, aka the Breeders Cup. Classic. There's a couple of horses that I have my eye on, but it's subject to change. I like Tom Dita. I think he offers spectacular value. I like Tiz the Law. I think he's coming back with a vengeance after that Derby loss. And I just don't feel right not having a baffert horse on my radar. And that's why I have improbable as my third horse that I have my eye on. I'm no expert, but I hope that I got some of y'all excited for Breeders Cup weekend. You can go check out Fandall and TVG if you want to put in bets. Best of luck and let's make some money.


Welcome back to our lecture series linear algebra done openly. As usual, I'll be your professor today, Dr. Andrew Missildine. In section 3.6 entitled linear transformations on R2, we're going to explore how multiplication by a non-singular matrix transforms the geometry in R2. So necessarily we're going to focus on 2 by 2 matrices. Now while some analogous statements could be extended to the general vector space Fn, and these analogs would depend upon the field itself, only some of the geometric interpretations may apply. So when one takes a class in linear algebra, oftentimes a focus, a huge focus is placed upon the real vector space R2 or R3, things like that. And the main reason is because while R2 and R3 are these vector spaces, we intuitively know very well because of their geometric applications. We as human beings live probably in a three dimensional vector space that looks Euclidean like R3. When we think of animations, we draw pictures in R2. These are ones we can geometrically put our minds around very well. And so other vector spaces like C2 or some of the finite vector spaces like Z25 or Z52, whatever, right? These different vector spaces, the geometry is sort of a little bit different, and as such the intuition might not immediately be there. And so in this section 3.6, we're just going to focus on the geometry in R2. I should mention that a similar analysis of that we will see in this lecture could be conducted for the geometry in R3, right? So R3, again, since vector space, we can understand very well. And so we can talk about the geometric transformations present there like reflections and rotations like we'll see in these lectures, this lecture. But again, for the sake of simplicity and to not blow our geometric minds away, we're going to focus this lecture on just what happens. When you multiply by a non-singular 2 by 2 matrix. So it turns out when you multiply by these non-singular matrices in R2, there's one of three possibilities, which almost coincide with the three types of elementary row operations. It's not exact match up, but we're going to see that right here. So the first type of geometric transformation we can see in R2 is going to coincide with what we call a stretch or a compression. Or if we want to sort of remain neutral, we could call it a scaling of some time. Sounds like a scaling matrix and that's exactly what's going to be going on here. So suppose we have two real numbers, A and B, and the only stipulation I do put on them is that they're going to be positive. The negative case will be taken care of in a later video in this lecture. So if we consider the 2 by 2 matrix where we take A001, first of all, you'll notice, of course, this is an example of a diagonal matrix. The entries off the main diagonal are zero. And in fact, because we have a one right here, this is an example of what we referred earlier as a scaling elementary matrix. And so that's the two type of elementary matrices we're going to consider right now. We can scale. So if you have an A in the 1, 1 position right there, if you multiply on the left, this will have the effect of scaling the first row of the matrix. If you multiply on the right instead, this scales the first column, although we mostly just deal with row operations here. So this is a scaling elementary matrix, which we scale the first row by A. What this will do as a consequence to the geometry is if you multiply a vector, so you have some vector x right here, and you multiply on the left by the matrix A001, it'll have the effect that you are going to horizontally stretch the vector by a factor of A. And stretch typically indicates that the vector is going to get longer. So if you think of it like, oh, here's a vector in space, stretching it, again, that's a typically a word we use to think that the vector got longer. Now, if you're actually going to stretch the vector, you're assuming that the vector, the scalar, excuse me, A has a length greater than 1. So that's what we mean by stretch. On the other hand, if the vector, excuse me, if the scalar A, it's positive, so it's going to be greater than 0, but if its value is less than 1, like say 1 half, we actually think of that as a compression that the vector is actually going to get shorter in length. So we might get something like that, it got compressed, it's shorter. And so if A is a value larger than 1, you're going to stretch the vector horizontally speaking. If A is less than 1, but still greater than 0, you'll horizontally compress it. And, you know, the compress dilate, dilation is something typically used as a synonym for stretching. So you stretched it or you dilated, that's because you scaled by value greater than 1. If you compress it or contract it, that's a word sometimes used. That's because you multiply by a scalar less than 1, that made the vector get smaller. Now, if you were to have this scalar show up in the 1, 1 position, this will have the effect of scaling the vector horizontally. And so let me kind of illustrate why that is. If we multiply this just by a generic vector in R2, say like x, y, when you multiply this vector, what happens here, you take the first row times this vector right here, you're going to end up with A times x plus 0. And then we take the second row times the vector here, you end up with just a y. So the only thing that happened was that the x coordinate got multiplied by A. And so that's why we get this horizontal stretcher compression. Now, on the other hand, if you want to affect the y coordinate, you're going to take a elementary scaling matrix, which you're going to put a B in the 2, 2 position, and then 1 otherwise in the 1, 1 position. This will have the effect of stretching vertically the y coordinate. If B, of course, is greater than 1, if B is less than 1, this could be a compression. Again, these might be called dilations or contractions. All synonyms are the same thing. And you see what happens when you multiply this by a generic vector. If you take the first row times it by x, y, you're just going to get back an x. If you times this row by x, y, you're going to end up with a By. And so this has the effect of multiplying just the y coordinate. Now, if you want to hit both the x and y coordinate at the same time, you can do something like C00C. If you take what we call a scalar matrix, right, this is just C times the identity matrix, I2, right there. If you multiply this by the vector x, y, you see that this will give you Cx times Cy. This is the same thing as times the vector x by the scalar C. And that's why these vectors where the entries along the diagonal are identical are called scalar matrices. It's a special type of scaling elementary matrices. And so if you want to stretch the x and y coordinate by the same factor, you just put the diagonal entries as the same. But if you want different values, you can actually take different values. You can stretch the x coordinate, you can stretch the y coordinate differently. Let's see a specific example of this. So to help us illustrate the type of transformations we're going to do here, the geometric transformation is somewhat invisible if we only look at points one by one. So sometimes it's useful to look at shapes. And so the common shape we'll use the most often is the so-called unit square, which we'll call this capital J for when we have to reference this thing here. The unit square is the polygon formed in the plane by the four points 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 and 1, 1. Which the significance of these points you'll see very quickly is that first of all the point 0, 0, this is just the origin. Or if we think of it as a vector space, this is the zero vector. The vector 1, 0, this is just the vector we typically called E1. And then the vector 0, 1, this is what we typically refer to as E2. So notice that E1 and E2 together form the standard basis for R2. And then the point 1, 1, this is actually just the sum of E1 plus E2. So you add those together. And so this square, so this is the square that's formed by the standard. You think of this as the parallelogram spanned by the standard basis of R2. So looking at the unit square is a pretty good place to get an idea of the geometric transformations in play here. So imagine we are going to multiply by the diagonal matrix 1, 1, 0, 0, 3. So the diagonal entries are going to be 1, 1, 1, and 3. What geometric effect does this diagonal matrix have to the plane R2? Well, since it's a diagonal matrix, it can be factored into a product of elementary matrices of scaling type. And how you factored actually, there's complete freedom here. You can factor this as we're going to scale the first row by one half and scale the second row by three. Now, in terms of operations, this is the first and this is the second. Because if the vector x, y is right here, the vector on the right will actually affect the vector x, y first. And then the one on the left is actually the second acting vector. So if we take this product here, this will look like, in fact, one half x times three y. So geometrically speaking, this matrix will have the effect that we are going to stretch vertically the picture by a factor of three, and we're going to horizontally compress the graph by a factor of two. So compressing by a factor of two is the same thing as multiplying by one half right here, because compression gets smaller, right? And if we, geometrically, this is what's going on here, there's going to be a horizontal, a horizontal compress by two and a vertical stretch by three. And if we look at the unit square piece by piece, we can see what happens. If you take this matrix right here, and you multiply by the zero vector, you're always going to get zero vector here. Be aware that a multiply by a matrix is a linear transformation and linear transformations always send zero to zero. So this matrix multiplication will always give you zero here. And so I want you to see right here that this blue square right here that I'm now outlining. This is the unit square with no transformation to it whatsoever. We have the origin, we have E1, we have E2, and we have the 0.11, which is the sum of those two things right there. So this is our unit square unchanged, okay? So the unit square will send the origin back to itself. Linear transformations always do this. What about the matrix times E1? Well, if you do the product here, one half times zero, you'll get one half. If we take zero three times one zero, we get a zero. And so you get this vector right here. You'll notice that this vector right here is just the first column of the matrix. That's not a coincidence. If you ever have a matrix, any matrix, and you times it by E1, you're going to get back the first column of that matrix, which for a matrix A, we typically call that A1. Like so, that's not a coincidence whatsoever. So you can actually very quickly see, oh, the image is going to just be the first vector, the first column right there. The same thing happens when we multiply by E2. If you take the first column times it by E2, you get zero.  And so you'll notice here that if you take any matrix and you times it by E2, this is just going to give you back the second column of the matrix, which again, if the matrix is called A, we probably call the second column vector A2 right there. These two vectors are identical. So we can actually quite, we can do this without actually matrix multiplication whatsoever, the unit square. This is why we focus on it. The first point, E1 right here, it'll map to the first column, which the first column right turned out to be one half and zero right there. So this guy's going to move to the left by one there. Well, I guess this is actually a half mark. So you just cut the length of this vector in half. So the original vector had length one. This gets contracted to the vector of length one half. That's what happens to that point. On the other hand, if we take E2, because we're stretching this by a factor of three, the original vector, which has a length of one gets stretched to be a vector of length three. And so this vector is now going to move to the point zero comma three. Okay. What about the last one? Well, here we can just do the matrix product. You're just going to get a one. If you do that, you'll get a one half. Do the second row.  But notice what's happening here is that if you take a matrix and you times it by E1 plus E2, because this is a linear transformation, you know, we can actually, it'll preserve some, we can distribute the A right here. This is going to be A times E1 plus A times E2, which like we mentioned, this is actually going to equal A1 plus A2. So taking the image of one one just means you add together the columns, which gives you again, one half and three right here. So nothing, nothing too difficult. And so the point one one is going to move to the point one half comma three. And so if we connect the four dots here, so let's see what happened. The origin move to the origin. E1 move to one half zero E2 move to zero three and then one one moves to one half three. If we connect the dots, we get this rectangle, which how is the rectangle formed? We took the, we took it and we compressed it horizontally by a factor of two, but then we stretched it vertically by a factor of three. And we can see these effects on the unit square that multiplication by diagonal matrices will change the plane by some type of combination of dilation and contraction. The first coordinate here in the matrix will horizontally stretch or compress the graph. And then the second entry along the diagonal will vertically stretch or compress the graph. And this is what multiplication by a diagonal matrix does. It causes some type of stretching or compressing of the plane.