ity of South Burlington as that might expose us to financial liability if the language is not carefully considered by our lawyers first. So to be perfectly clear, unless our legal council or city manager encourage us to pause before acting on this letter, it has my support. Well, I, I'll just respond to your question. Yeah. If we're gonna accept his edits then we should take out the responsibility to speak out and censure action. I don't know. I mean, I feel that we don't censure. We just simply say people should speak out. And I find that to... So the... Not clear. In contradictory actually. So that's the third paragraph where... When you're talking about Mr. Mish's actions. Well, just the first sentences, although we hesitate to prescribe a legislative and legal course of action with regard to racially biased speech, that the very basis of our protections contained within our social pact is our individual responsibility to speak out and censure actions that go beyond the bounds of decency and wrongly injure others. Well, he included that. Right, but then we don't, we don't censure. We don't condemn. We cut the condemnation. So I'm willing to take out a name. That's, I have no issue, but if we're gonna take out that rest of that third paragraph then we should perhaps consider taking out the entire paragraph. And I find it to be then just a... Is your question... You know. Do we need this by a date? Is this like a time pressure? We support you and you, and you're pursuing this law, but we don't condemn anything. I'm just wondering how productive it'll be tonight to flesh out these changes. Do we need this approved tonight or can we punt this to the next meeting? No, we can probably punt it to the next meeting if we wanna work on this. Yeah, I'm just laughing. What? I'm just laughing at, just punt it, you know, the term punting I was just... Oh, oh. I was just using that. No, no, it's fine, it's fine. So the reason I made these proposed changes, right, is because I thought that what we wanted to do when we last talked about this was create a letter that expresses our support and solid area for Kea Morris and our disgust at what happened to her, right, and to help the legislature form what they think is going to be hopefully helpful legislation if necessary, right? So, but first of all, it was to express sympathy and solidarity with Kea Morris, right? And at the same time, I wasn't thinking about possible legal repercussions of this letter, like Tom was, right, but I was thinking in terms of mentioning the individual's name in here that I don't even wanna say his name, right, just because I don't, right? And it's not because of that, it's because I don't wanna give this person the satisfaction of having their name set out loud in regards to this case because I'm not an expert in the evidence in this case, even though what this person did, I find to be, you know, disgusting. He doesn't deserve it. So I thought that my changes here keeps the spirit of the letter intact in terms of our advice to the legislature and it also keeps, you know, outstanding your concerns about the difference between wanting to protect free speech, right, but also being able to protect people from this type of attack. So that's why I made those changes. It also shortens it up because I wanted to be, you know, not too long and just get to the point of what we think is important here, which is supporting legislature trying to support Kea Morris. Yeah, the only question I have is, does it make sense to keep that first sentence in the third paragraph if we remove the rest of that paragraph? No, I think that the first sentence is still good. I mean, we can add the we condemn unconditionally and just change the rest of the sentence that we wanted to, I mean. I think we should. Okay. I don't mind saying we condemn unconditionally. I mean, that's sort of one of our points. That's how we offer support too. Right, we just need to be careful that since we're not experts in the facts of the case, right, we know generally of the case, we're not the attorney general, we're not the police involved. So, and not all the facts have been determined, but there are ones that have been determined that are that, you know, lead us to this conclusion in the first place, right? Right, I mean, we've read perhaps the language that was used and I condemn it. I mean, I don't condemn him, I condemn the language. I think that's the distinction. So, would you want to state that how we condemn unconditionally that have degraded the political climate of the state? Yeah. Yeah, that's good, okay. Yeah, yeah, I think that's great. All right, and then include the final one. I mean, you did a very nice job. I really like it. I really did like it. It was hard. No, I can tell it's hard, but you write well and you expressed it. I would also include the part about one of our past chairs, because I think that to me underscores that South Burlington really knows what you're talking about, because it happened here. For two things. Two major things. That was what I was intending to say. And I think that's really powerful. Yeah, yeah. This isn't just kind of a, yeah, we don't like hate speech and we're with you, but it's happened here and we know how scary and disturbing and intrusive that is. Right, I'm here to argue against that. We'll just, we'll agree. Okay, so I'm making changes right here, so. Right. I also see Burlington City Council, when they make edits to things like this, they have it like up on the screen, so we can all see what the changes are. I could get over there. Yeah, I do that on committees too.  It should be more a more efficient way to, especially for the public. I'm also open to just punting this next meeting because it's 10 o'clock. Does this fit over here? We have to go through all of those liquor licenses. Really? Every single one? Not individually. We did it last time. State your name for the record, please. Megan, you may. For the record. For the record, ladies. She's our scribe. Par excellence. I love the new setup for City Hall. It's going to have a screen down there so that we can look this way. Is that my desktop? Oh, yeah. Because I have my... That should be you. Because I have my writing on my screen, but that's it. So if you press the Windows P. Windows P. And then do duplicate. Ah, all right. And then how do I get out of there? There, all right. So I just struck this line here that I'm... Okay? And I made that a small R and I made the comma. That's all I've done so far. Okay, and then we have to go down to... And then, right? After her car, home and car are vandalized. Okay, and then we go down here. Do you have your original copy though? This is the original. I can save it differently though. No, are you tracking changes at all or? I'm not. I'm just making them. Okay. Because we've agreed to them. Okay, I just love to keep originals of everything. Just the... I'll save it under a separate name. I don't have a soft of your original, that's all I... Okay, I'll save it under a different name so you can see what I'm looking for. So from there, down to the end of the paragraph. And positionally, the ax, sorry, that of the state. And do you want... I know it was getting wordy, so do you want me to say the peace of mind of a public servant and that of the private citizens in her life, that's more accurate, but tens of tens of tens of millions. They're no worse types than that too. I know it's small. Do you want me to make it bigger? Because I think I got all your changes, right? There was nothing more in... All right, let me make it bigger. Good, and that's one page and our signatures are on the second page, so that's perfect. I'm going to print it tonight so that we can sign tonight. Sure. So that's... Can you print from here? I don't know how. Does anybody have a little USB? I can say that's your USB. Does that read well, that paragraph there, although we hesitate to describe? I might have one, Kevin. The legislative and legal kind of look like we're too reached for. Here you go. I won't open anything. No, you're going to do that.  At least it's in gray, that's about it. I certainly won't project those on the screen because I'd get my hands slapped in. All right, okay, USB drive, and I'm just going to save this as revised. Pardon? The stuff on the drive is from the family enterprise case. Oh. And I'll get out of there. Cruiser. All right. I need to get a copy. I move to approve the language as of revised. Second. Okay. All in favor? Aye. Good. Okay, so let's move along. Thank you very much. 15, so I would entertain a motion to move into liquor control commission. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Okay, so I would further appreciate, is there any discussion? Yeah, just, I mean, Magic Hat fills Growlers. Is that considered a first class, it must be a first class license thing, right? Cause they're essentially selling bulk beer, but we don't have an expert here, so I'm not going to question it. I just was curious. I mean, they started selling food, right? Now too? Is the manufactured onsite, is it like a vineyard where you can serve wine differently, like tasting it and selling it in bulk? They have attached to serve. Magic Hat Brewing is asking for a first class restaurant slash bar license only. Maybe that includes second class, cause everybody else is asking for second class cause they just sell the bottles or cans. Yeah, I think first class probably covers it all. And second class limits it to beer and wine. Okay, so I would entertain a motion to approve all of the liquor license applications listed. Second. Any discussion? All in favor signify by saying aye. Aye. Okay. Other business, I actually have. Oh, I'm sorry. Liquor control board. Thank you. All in favor? Aye. Okay, we're back into regular session. Other business, I would like, I got a very nice letter from Trisha Gustafson, is that her? And she is very concerned about the speed along Kennedy Drive. The what? The speed limit on Kennedy Drive. It's 40. It's 40 and there are a lot of, although you can't always see all the houses, there is a lot of housing there. I personally walk there probably every other day and it's a pain in the neck to cross. Anywhere on the street unless you're at the light. But not at the light, yeah, yeah. Well, it's dangerous. It's like Williston Road. Yeah, it's dangerous, yeah. Yes, it is, it is. It's basically four lanes. Yes, it's four lanes, it's faster. And it's wide and I think it's straight. And so I think people tend to, I mean, I have to admit I've gone over 40, especially on the way home from these meetings. I want you. I want you. I want you. But, so she would just like, she wanted to know how difficult it is to change the speed limits. And so I would like to have an agenda item at a later. She couldn't be here tonight at another meeting to discuss some of that.  I think it's worthy of the discussion. I will just interject my historical memory that it was seen as the green belt. So it was, you know, supposed to be a way for cars to move quickly. So we can certainly change that. But it wasn't, that was its original intention. But there certainly is more and more housing that is being built. There is. You got the O'Brien. Yeah, you're gonna have an intersection. New O'Brien. Yeah, well when the new intersection curb cut occurs right for O'Brien, where the trees are totally parsed out. Yeah, there'll be a light maybe. There's gonna be something. So then that's when we're gonna talk about a critical load in terms of like, you know, from light to light or light to whatever is gonna be much shorter, you know. When I first got on council in sat down with Trevor Whipple, he told me, not necessarily in confidence, but that there was a clerical oversight in that he said there was no official speed limit on Kennedy Drive. What? Yeah, he said in the books, there's no official speed limit. In the books. That was the way it was built. But there are signs. But there are signs? Yeah. I don't know if there's any truth to that. Maybe they corrected it. Maybe he was reflecting on a time before it was corrected. But I think it's worth exploring. Okay. But I have said in the past. Well, I have said in the traffic and motor vehicle ordinance where they have speed limits almost per street, but maybe not that one. That's what he said to me. He said it almost in passing and chuckling. In court, somebody called him out that there was no official speed limit on Kennedy Drive. One comment I made here like five years ago or six years ago was when they were talking about Kennedy Drive and the reconstruction and stuff, was that it's a shame the speed limit is 40 because it creates that much more noise from tires in an area that's dense housing on one side and it's gonna be dense housing on the other side. Yes, and we've identified. Well, anyway, so I would like to put that on a later agenda. And I also will let you know that I'm going to pursue an additional steering committee meeting with the school board to specifically discuss how we can better communicate and work with them. There seems to be some heartfelt feelings, concerns about lots of ways we have interacted recently. And I think we need to get beyond that and have a good conversation about what are some steps. I mean, you all have gotten the little email that I sent out about having met with Bridget about here are some ways we can better communicate. She responded with some other comments and I think we just need to sit down and have a come to Jesus conversation about how we really need to move forward. We have too much. Over a nice meal. Over a nice meal, wouldn't that be nice? Or ice cream. Ice cream, I know ice cream. Ice cream. Okay, so that's just, I think in the planning and. A steering committee social. Ice cream is social. Yeah. All right, any other business? I'm not gonna be here the first week of July. So I don't know, it's the July 4th week and if we are looking at the schedule that far out, I would just encourage us to think about that date if others are gonna be also traveling around the holiday. You know what might be helpful is probably just for that future planning is to, if people know their summer schedules and they know that they're gonna be gone this week or that week, if we can know that ahead of time and then maybe we can map out when we can meet and continue work or if we don't need to meet one month, you know. I hear in the gym condo days, the condo days, they would just take a month off in the summer to give staff reprieve. I don't know if we can take a whole month off, but. Ha, ha, ha, ha. Okay. Staff's fine with that. Well, what? Motion to. Adjourn. Adjourn. So moved. Second. Did you want your copy or no? All in favor? Aye. We could have a Google Calendar just for city council if you wanted to. So David says, enjoying 50 degrees in snow, sun with the Comey crew after six days of incredible skiing. The Comey's are my children. Sorry, I'm not enjoying the company that CC this PM, not really. The kids are great, dinner, and airport next week. I'll just say you need to email me the updated. Do you want me to wait on this letter? I will, once I have, I will do that. I'll do that as soon as I get home. Oh. It's kind of timely. I know.


Oh, hi, sorry, I didn't expect you there. It smells like money, and I am manifesting money in 2020. Oh my God, noodles manifesting a yeast infection. Hi everyone, thank you so much for watching this week's episode of Tools of the Trade. My name is Jonathan, this is Noodle. This is the show where we find out what everyday items, everyday entrepreneurs need to get through their day. Today, we are going to be going through the Monroe Steel box. So for those of you who don't know, Monroe Steel is a fashion blogger, a lifestyle blogger, and an overall savant content creator who we've been working with for a little while now, and we are so grateful that she took the time to curate this box for us. Monroe is someone who truly has made her own way in the world. She started her website, fashionsteelnyc.com, as a way to share some of her favorite items that she would get while thrifting. She is one of those people who is able to take clothes that are really old or clothes that are really new and mix and match them so that she makes her own signature style that a lot of people are inspired by. You can see her looks on Monroe Steel on Instagram, or you can check out her website to see everything that she does. Okay, so the first item we have in the Monroe Steel box is Bohemia. It's sort of a Bohemian square. It looks like, oh, it's a candle! Oh, it's a candle! Wait, I'm going to open this. So if you win this box, you will get the candle inside, but this candle will not be in its packaging because I am just about to remove it from its packaging. Okay, so this is a, ooh, you can smell it without even opening it. Oh yeah, that smells good. Oh, this packaging is really cool. Okay, so we've got a tiny little candle here. Oh, it smells, ooh, this smells good. Oh, I don't, oh my God, it smells really good. Noodle, what do you think? He's blown away by it. He was, I don't know if you guys saw, but he just did like a back flip. Did the camera cut while he did the back flip? It was just a little fast. It was, yeah, okay, so unfortunately, the camera cut out when he was doing the flip, but I can guarantee you that he did it. Monroe tells us that she lights one of these whenever she's writing, because it smells rich. And she is manifesting success all year this year, and I am so floored by that. I'm floored by the swag of that, I'm floored by the confidence of it, and I think that that's absolutely brilliant. She literally burns this to incentivize herself to make the bank. You go, girl, that's how you do it. They call that the basos. Okay, the next item we have in the Monroe Steel Box is, it's a card reader. Insert into your phone, whether it's an iPhone or an Android. And what you do is you can put in your SD card into this to upload photos that you've taken on a professional camera, like a DSLR or something like that, onto your iPhone for posting, for editing, or anything like that, or your laptop, whatever that might be. So I think this is probably a need item for anyone who wants to be really serious about building content. And I know Monroe is hardcore. She's posting new videos on YouTube on Sundays and Wednesdays. She gives me two new videos every single week on top of the blog posts, on top of the content she's posting on Instagram, and she's doing a lot. And this is probably something that, for the longest time, was such a huge problem not to have. Okay, so that's great. This is a really cool item. I think this is a very, I actually can't believe I had no idea what this was, but thank God that I have three other people in this room to teach me and to guide me on this path. The next item we have in the Monroe Sto Box is a vitamin C tonic. Oh, it's a brightening toner. It's a brightening toner.  Whether she's doing lifestyle shots around New York City or she's at Fashion Week or something, it is very important to always be photo-ready when your job is to be online, is to be present online. So this is something that, obviously, if you're a blogger or someone like that, that's a great thing to keep in your bag. There are some times where I'm walking down the street and I'm like, oh my God. If I were bumrushed by paparazzi right now, I would have to run. I'd have to hide this swollen mug of mine. But if I had this, I could be ready for the camera at any time. Now, it's clear that Noodle has his toe on. Noodle is ready for the camera 25 hours every eight days. Okay, cool. So that's that. The next item we have is, oh, I know what this is. I know what this is. We've got a matte lip pencil. A lip pencil is always sort of wielded by someone who knows what they're doing. What lines your lips? So you can get that good Kylie if you want, right? You can be like, no, I want to have these kind of lips today. So I bet this is another sort of tool that she keeps in her kit so that if she wakes up with a day and she's like, you know what, I have a full day of creating content. I have to go record a video. Then I have a meeting with a client, blah, blah, blah, whatever it is. She's got a couple of her staple sort of makeup items so that she always feels confident. She always feel ready to go. Monroe, you're on it.  All right, the next item we've got in the Monroe Steel Box is a long gray stick. No, oh my God, I don't know what this is. I'm gonna pull it out. You know what I bet this is? I bet it's a tripod. I knew it. Okay, so this is a really great piece of equipment to have because it's built specifically for your phone. Having something like this is a great way to help sort of amplify the access that people have to you because you're not gonna be filming on some shaky little phone while you're walking down the street. This is a really nice tool. Oh my God, another important piece. It's a remote. So you can take photos.  And what you do is you set up your tripod, little phone, and you can sit there and use this to take photos. You click this button and it will take a photograph from your phone. So this technology is beyond me. I do not know how this works, but I do believe that it's real. Monroe, you're operating on a higher plane than the rest of us. The next item we have in the Monroe Steel Box is, oh, glow and habit, good skin, dietary supplements, helps to support skin hydration and texture. Wow, okay, Monroe, you and I are cut from the same cloth. Hydration is the single most important thing you can do through your skin.  I wanna buy really fancy face washes. If you are not drinking water, if you are not hydrating your skin, do not even bother to open those products. They're not gonna do what they need to do. Oh, they're vegan too. Oh, they're vegan gummies. That's really great.  Like I know those Flintstone vitamins even like candy because they're just covered in sugar. So that really doesn't do the best for you. Like it's like, yeah, you could be supporting some part of it, but you are routing your teeth. So we cannot endorse this for having any medicinal properties to it, but Monroe swears by these and say that they really helped her through some tough times of their skin. You know, every 35 days, your cells regenerate so that when your cells do regenerate, they're healthier and they helped her to have better looking skin. So that's me, Dr. Graziano is telling you if you take these, they'll be gorgeous. The last item we have in the Monroe Steel Box is, oh hi, do you wanna see the last item? Honestly, it was a no, but that was a really thoughtful no and that's okay, Noodle. This is your show and they're your rules. This is a high circulating fashion magazine. And she uses this magazine to help her find inspiration and to pick vacation spots, which I think is a fantastic idea. There's some really, you know, top tier fashion brands in here. This is not, these aren't clothes that everyone can just walk into a store and purchase, but if you're someone like Monroe and you say, hey, this isn't, you know, an $1,800, you know, Chloe dress, I can find something like that or I wanna find something, I love that color, I love that cut, I love that texture.  And then from there, she's able to build content. So again, I think she's brilliant in so many ways. And this is just one piece of the puzzle that helps make her so special. So that was the Monroe Steel Box. I am floored by how great it was and all the items that were inside. I think anyone who is interested in pursuing their own blog or even interesting in sharing some more of their life with people on social, I think this is one of the best parts about sort of being a blogger. If you were someone like Monroe who works hard every single day, who's built a successful brand, who works with partners and who's able to communicate with her audience and grow from the things that they tell her, you're gonna be just as successful as she is. More than anything in this box, what she did is she showed us that she's thoughtful about the kind of content that she shoots, she is meticulous about how she takes care of herself and she'd like to candle the manifest with love. And that's still, I think, my favorite thing. Please go to our YouTube channel and like and subscribe. We are posting video content multiple times a week from this series and other GoDaddy series. And don't forget to ring the bell to get a notification every time a new Tools of the Trade video or another GoDaddy series goes live on our YouTube change. You'll get that notification right on your phone and you can drop whatever you're doing and run to watch it in a small, quiet space like right here. For Noodle, for myself, for the money manifesting candle, thank you so much for watching and we'll see you next time.


Strong indications have emerged that the National Assembly will pass the 2023 Appropriation Bill next week. President of the Senate Ahmed Lawan and Speaker of the House of Representatives Femi Bajabiamila had at various times during the week indicated that the federal government budget will be passed on Thursday when the lawmakers were expected to embark on Christmas and New Year break. However, it has been observed that the highest committee and appropriations will not lay its reports on the money bill on Thursday. The laying of the report was not listed on the other paper for the day as several lawmakers blamed the delay on the 2022 finance bill and supplementary bill recently transmitted to the National Assembly for consideration in passage. The reason for this is because the Appropriation Bill came to the National Assembly with some problems and when our committees on appropriation in the Senate and House started to reconcile the figures of what we have done and what was presented, the problems became very obvious and they were not easy to deal with and therefore our committees had to start a process of cleaning up the bill first. That process, of course, also engaged the executive arm because the problem came from there, was concluded yesterday only yesterday. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


We hit a homerun if the graph speaks for itself. Look at that acceleration. How did we do it? Let me show you. It took a video that was getting basically no views for 10 months, and suddenly it got a surge in traffic. It just needed a little push. You can give your videos the same little push by using heartbeat moments. It's called heartbeat. We embedded the video on heartbeat. This is a very short video. It's only one minute. But by using heartbeat moments to create these highlights, it gave YouTube a signal that the video is getting views and higher audience retention at these moments. We hit a homerun. We got a surge in views in one video that created this big spike that is still accelerating. I'll show you in this video how we did it and how you can do it for your videos. First, let's drill into the details. This spike is created by one single video, and I'll show you which one. This one right here, Daenerys threw up candy. Let's drill down. So here is the graph, and we're gonna look at traffic sources. So I'll move myself again. You can see the traffic sources are primarily from the suggested video. Let me just look at that one. That is the spike. So we got tens of thousands of views just from being suggested by YouTube. How did we do that? Okay, let me show it to you. This was last 28 days. I'll show you the lifetime. You can see there's basically no views since February when the video was published, February 17th, this year. So for the last many months, there was nothing, nothing. Until September, about mid-September, you can see that the surge started. Now look, it is still surging. Like this is the kind of spike you wanna see your stock market portfolio look like, right? So let's drill down. You can look at it by date, and you can see, I'll switch myself again, you can see that back in the day, right? There were like three views a day, 10 is a good day. Now, there's like 3000 views in one day, up from 2000 the day before. The acceleration is incredible. So this is just yesterday guys, September 30th. Now we're October 1st. We don't have the October 1st analytics finalized yet, but I bet this will be over 4000 in just one day, in just one video. I mean, look, the graph speaks for itself. Look at that acceleration. Okay, so now you understand, this is a home run. How did we do it? Show you. It's called heartbeat. We embedded the video on heartbeat. And how does doing that create a surge in viewership? It's because of the moments. Look, I created moments like Daenerys threw up candy. Roll it.  She threw up candies. Don't step on the cleat. And then moments like. It's you George. No, no, it's Daenerys. Okay, so Xenia thinks it's my fault. And then. Hey, look at this nice swing chair. If you don't find anything, she will have to roll out. Isn't this a nice swing chair? No, no, no. You know how to change this up. And finally. Less sugar. Why are you making a video? Because we want to record this for. So guys, this is a very short video. It's only one minute. But by using heartbeat moments to create these highlights, it gave YouTube a signal that the video is getting views and higher audience retention at these moments. It took a video that was getting basically no views for 10 months. And suddenly it got a surge in traffic. It just needed a little push. You can give your videos the same little push by using heartbeat moments. How do you do that? Well, just go to H.ki in your web browser. Type that. It's a very short domain name H key. And then you'll see this. Click moments extension or get moments extension. That will take you to our Chrome extension now with 110 users. Simply add it to your Chrome. Then go to your YouTube channel. My YouTube channel is here. This is my personal channel, guys. This is not a very popular channel. This is just my family photos and videos. So go to your channel, whether it's your personal channel or your gaming channel or your business channel. And then use heartbeat moments to create exciting moments that you think other people will enjoy. For example, here I am doing a skiing simulator. Let's say I thought this was an exciting moment. Press the H key. Done. I've created a moment. And now if I create a second moment, let's say I thought right there was another exciting moment. That's it. You just press the H key on your keyboard after installing the heartbeat Chrome extension. And then you'll see your moments that you created here under my moments. So if I click moment one, moment two, you can see it jumps right there. That increases audience retention. Every time someone clicks a moment, it rewinds the video to that moment and YouTube sees it as a popular moment. An indicator that the video has something of value at that point. And if enough people click those moments that give YouTube enough of that push, it'll tell the YouTube algorithm, this video should be promoted. Let's put it in some suggested videos. Let's see how it performs across all of YouTube. And that's what happened here, guys. Look, it wasn't an instant spike. Here was YouTube testing that video in other places. It went up from a few views a day to like 14 views a day, 20 views a day. YouTube was seeing a positive response. So it started giving me 44 views, 76 views, 141 views. Every time YouTube was increasing its AB testing to see if this video was deserving of higher promotion, it won, it got it. And now it's at, it'll be at over 4,000 views, I bet, tomorrow. This can happen to your videos too, but you need that initial push. And to get that initial push, use heartbeat moments, create the moments. After that, when you go to your heartbeat, the page right here, see, those are the two moments I just created, the skiing simulator. Now, if you encourage people to follow your heartbeat, see, I have 23 followers. Those people will be notified. They can see all the moments that you've created and that just gives you more views on those moments, giving YouTube more signals to promote your video. Now, these are not actual moments. I don't wanna pollute my timeline because you wanna keep your moments to be very, very high quality. Like, don't just put random stuff and call it a day. Like, truly spend the time to create moments that matter to you. So for example, I have a moment here where I jump out of an airplane. That's a pretty exciting moment, right? So of course I use heartbeat moments to create it. And not only that, here I am free falling from 13,000 feet. It's an exciting moment, right guys? And here I am popping the shoot. Pretty cool. And here I am landing. Again, I was very careful and particular to only choose truly interesting moments that I thought other people would enjoy to watch my video. Do the same to your videos. Again, start at h.ki, install the Chrome extension and go to your YouTube videos and press the H key every time you see an exciting moment. But don't limit yourself to just your videos. Here is a cool performance of Lilith by Hellsy that I really enjoyed. Listen. I'm perfection when it comes to first impressions. But I'm a man of size and I don't get too excited. But then I go to the exciting moments. Let's go to the cool shot with Lilith. So tell me how you know what it is. I get too caught up in a moment. Then, let's go to the, uh... I took a knife where my heart off my sleeve and changed like a sea. To raise over none, then I am disrouted. I really like those lyrics. And I made a moment just by pressing the H key while watching this video on YouTube to make a collection. And what does that mean? That means people who are now following my heartbeat will see, not just my videos, but they'll see interesting videos like from Arnold Schwarzenegger's motivational speech from Matthew McConaughey's motivational speech from Lilith, the music, from Diablo 4 Gameplay, mixed in with my own moments of young Daenerys and me jumping out of an airplane. So this is how you can get more views. You use other people's popular content mixed in with your content, so people browsing your feed of exciting moments also watch your moments, not just the popular content. This is how you can use, uh, like, Taylor Swift or, uh, you know, whoever, Madonna, whoever is your famous, your favorite artists, you can use their content to promote your content. Isn't that cool? It's only possible on heartbeat. H.ki. Check it out, I'm sure you'll love it. And it's not just video guys. We also have photos, see? Right here, photos. If you click that link, you'll get this. This is a click-less gallery, which has a lot of cool stuff. Again, I mix in things that I think other people will enjoy like pretty girls, right? Here, my own stuff, like me and Dubai. So again, you should do the same.  This is a full-featured click-less gallery where you can do not just browsing with no clicking. See, look, I'm just hovering. You can compare, look, before, after, before, after. This is me in San Francisco, before I packed all my stuff in that car. This is after with the teddy bears on top. And you can do things like zoom in with the mouse wheel. Look at those cute teddy bears. Zoom back out. Let's say the photo is in the wrong direction. Press R, rotate it, shift R to go back. Let's say you want to move the thumbnails, press Q. Let's say you want to upload your own photos, just click upload, drag and drop from your desktop or your phone into your gallery or just click select files. It's a very simple to use gallery. And you just hover, saves you time. Look, the only thing you have to wait for is for the image to load. Once it's loaded, just hover and you have no load time. You just explore as quickly or as slowly as you like. That's the power of heartbeat photos. Check it out. We'd love to hear what you think. So we also have a Vicky. The Vicky is our video wiki. This lets you combine photos, moments, writing and collaboration in one piece of, in one platform. Here's an example. This is one of the winners of the Get More Views contest, Gravity. And he has a video called Fusion Fix and this is his Vicky. It shows everything about his video that this is an ultimate mod for Grand Theft Auto. Oh, but don't take my word for it. Click, you can see exactly what it does. See all that flashing there, the flashing. Well, it's fixed at 228. No flashing. Oh, you want to see more? Let's look at the rain visibility. So rain has been improved using this mod. You can now see the rain. Okay, you want to see it while driving? Okay, here it is. While driving, there it is in the rain. Let's look at a few more. Okay, there's a few screenshots here. That's pretty cool. Click and boom, the screenshot comes alive. This is the power of heartbeat with writing. We're creating a video wiki because you can see the paragraph you are reading. You can't do that on wikipedia, media wiki, fandom, or any of these other wikis. You can only do it on our Vicky. And look, there's also a heartbeat photos gallery. If you just want to see the photos, click the link and it'll take you directly to the photo gallery where you just hover to see the details. And if you want to see something specific, zoom in. What does that say? Oh, it says Cola. Okay, oh, what does this say? Oh, it says about me. Nice, cool. Oh, these are three different filters. Okay, let me zoom in, try to see the difference. Okay, yeah, that's color, color. This has a little bit more grainy. This is a little bit sharper. Okay, I get it. This is the power of heartbeat photos together with heartbeat wiki. Oops, that's Google voice. Clicking too many things. Try it again, wiki. So wiki is bi.ki. Very simple, very short domain, just try it. Type it, bi.ki. You'll see this, there's a lot of content on our Vicky. And you can sort by games or you can sort by interviews or you can sort by motivation. There is movies. There is lots of music. There is then and now and so on and so on and so on. You get a lot of content here. You can look at shorts only. You can look at long form videos. You can look at everything. So try it out, try out h.ki. You get it, h.ki, vi.ki. You see the pattern, hki, vicky. It's like wiki, the ki is like ki, right? Wicky, but we use h.ki because that's the hot key you press, hki. And look guys, even if you don't want to install our Chrome extension, you're on any YouTube video that you want to create moments of, let's say this one, just replace the .com with h.ki. Let me show you. Here I'm watching this video. And I'm saying, hey, this looks pretty cool. I want to capture this moment. H.ki, that's it. Takes you to heartbeat and you can start creating your moments for this video. See, I'm watching the video, comes to a cool moment. Just click plus moment or press the h.ki, moving along. And I don't need the Chrome extension at this point. I can just press the h.ki because I'm on heartbeat. The only time you need the Chrome extension guys is when you're on YouTube and not heartbeat. So I hope you understand, Chrome extension is optional. But if you have it, you'll get this little heart where you can do everything in the Chrome extension. If you don't see it, make sure you click this little pin in the puzzle piece. That will make sure the heart is always visible. And then when you're on YouTube with the Chrome extension installed, you can see all the moments you created for that video. You can also see what other people have created if others have. This one has no community moments. And you can create your moments. Again, watching the video, just press the h.ki, h. Or if you're watching the video with the menu open, just click plus moment, plus moment. And then you can just quickly jump to each moment that you created very easily.  And so does everybody else who's following you. This is a follow button. If someone else is on this page, encourage them to click it, follow my heartbeat. And then you will gain followers and more views and get this origin, this big surge that we started this video with for your videos. And that's my phone. Ah, not a very good timing. You'll get this surge to your videos and you'll get more views. Hope this helps you understand the power of heartbeat and I hope you'll do it for your videos. In the meantime, I'll leave you with a few things, a few of my favorite moments. And that includes here, which one should I play? Yeah, this one. Let's go with this one. Roll it, Arnold. Oh, Arnold, that is so funny. You want to be what, a leading man? Oh, come on. I mean, look, first of all, let's start with your body. Look at your body.  You're gigantic.  Are you kidding me? Do you know what the new thing, the new trend is?  Don't you get it?   Come on now. I mean, oh God. I mean, it's like, it's scary when you talk. It's unbelievable. I mean, have you ever, Arnold? I mean, this year, have you ever seen an international movie star with the German accent? It doesn't happen. Forget about that. And then your name, what is it? Schwarzen, Schnitzel or something like that? Yeah, I can see that name already up there on the billboard. Yes, and people are gonna storm the theater and the movie houses because Schwarzen Schnitzel is starring in the movie. Oh, yeah, I can see that already.  Arnold was talking about how he was always told, no, there's no way you will ever be a popular action star in movies because of all those reasons.  These are all the moments of that speech. I encourage you to watch them all. You don't have to watch the whole 34 minute speech, just watch the moments because I watched the whole speech. So you don't have to, it saves you time. You can just jump to the key points by watching the moments I created. How do you do that? Just go search for George. Search for George. Click this one with 23 followers, not the not George's, those are my test accounts. And boom, there are your Arnold moments, just play them and check out my other moments like Matthew McConaughey where he talks about how happiness is a bad goal. No one should want to be happy. Sounds counterintuitive, but I'll let you watch. Why? And it makes perfect sense. Why? You should listen to that. If you think happiness is a good goal, it's not.  He sold Minecraft to Microsoft for $2.5 billion and he's lonely, he's unhappy. This tells you why. These are the moments if you're curious to watch. Elon Musk says colleges are not for learning. Don't understand why he's saying that, saying that. Click that link in my heartbeat, follow my heartbeat. And you'll learn why Elon says colleges are not for learning. Anyway, there's a lot here. I have over 300 heartbeats of carefully chosen moments that I really enjoy, that I think you will enjoy, including my personal moments of me at the gym, my daughters, and things that I also think you may enjoy if you like me, if you enjoy my content. All right, I'll stop the video here. I hope you got the point. Create your heartbeat account. Tell people to follow your heartbeat. Send us links to your best moments in the comments below down there in this video. I'd love to follow your heartbeat and follow my heartbeat. Link is down there in the description below. All right, Freedom Family, as a final bit of advice, get your exercise. I went jogging today, five kilometers with my daughter, although she didn't run the whole five kilometers. She walked most of it, but she tried and she ran a little bit. It's the effort that counts. I did my run, so should you. I also did pull-ups over 30 chin-ups. I didn't do 30 at once, I'm not that strong, but I did four, then I did four with jumping and then negatives, just resisting. Then I took a break, then I did another four and then four negatives, and I kept repeating until I hit 30, then I did dips where you kind of push yourself up this way. And I jogged all of that today outside my home at the Golden Mile on the Palm Jamera in Dubai. Did you get your exercise? If not, why not? Let me be your motivation. I'm not as big as Arnold, okay? I'll give you that, but I am fit and I feel strong and I love the shape of my body now that I'm exercising regularly. So will you. Not if you don't get started, so get started.  A little bit, every day is what you should go for. Do the plank, just holding yourself on the floor, elbows, keep your body straight like a plank. That's why it's called the plank. Do that, it only takes a minute and you're done. It's very hard. Do the iron chair, that means sit against the wall.  Again, a minute is all you need and then you're done. These are the very simple exercises that you can do even without going outside to just get some definition to your body. All right, enough of that. I will see you on the next episode.  I am George, CEO and founder of Freedom. Oh, I guess I didn't even mention it, but I am. Who I am, I am the CEO and founder of this Freedom where we put all our videos. YouTube.com slash Freedom. That's our channel address in a web browser. And these are the videos that we make. So I'm the CEO and founder of this beautiful company and you, the beautiful Freedom family where we all help each other grow together as a family. That's the spirit of Freedom. You have given me many names like Papa George, George Sunpai and Obi-Wan George Nobi and George with foggy glasses because it's a bit hot and I've turned off my aircon so you don't hear the background noise. Is the audio clear? Do you like the quality? This is my blue Yeti in black here. This is the microphone I use. I encourage you to get a good mic if you are making videos, audio matters. And yeah, I'm starting to sweat a bit so I'm gonna end this video. I'm George, CEO and founder of Freedom and Heartbeat. Heartbeat is our new platform that will help you get more views and make money on YouTube. Just go to h.ki to get started and install our Chrome extension and then press the H key, you know the drill. Until the next episode, I am George. You've been watching. Oh, you're dreaming but love here. Click that I to partner with Freedom and join the Freedom family so we can all grow together. You get many perks like position music, you also get epidemic sound, a lot of other access to royalty free videos, sponsorships and many things to help you grow. Just click the links down there in the description below to get involved in our community, our forums, our Discord chat servers, meet our graphics team, meet our community team, all of that on Discord and the forums. What are you waiting for? Get started. And we will grow together as a family because this is the Freedom family. You are part of it, we are all part of it and we're all growing together. To get more George, click that big F that will subscribe you to Freedom Central, home of the George show. And PewDiePie gave one of you, Freedom Family, a big shout out. Click that video to see the shout out and to see our new 3D sets for you and click that video to see what YouTube recommends you watch next.


Hello. Thank you. We are ten minutes late, so we'll try and catch up. My name is Murali Shanmugavellan and I'm with SOAS. I'm a PhD student, but I'm also attached to Billage Services Trust, so I'm going to do a very quick PR plugin. There's a small brochure here, so you can just have a look at it and read what the organization does, and if you need more information. Tony Huckle, can you please raise your hand, Tony? Tony's here. You can speak to him. So that's just about BST, one of the organizers of the event. Thank you. As you know, this session is on cost meets gender, and I deliberately decided not to read bios of the speakers, because you have one with you. So I did ask the speakers how I'd like to introduce them. Oh, by the way, there's an interesting anecdote. That post is really good, and I think Asha Kovtol can speak more about it, because she's in that picture. She's the woman. So that explains who my first speaker is, and when I asked her how well should I introduce you, Asha, she said, Dalit women, we are not flowers. We are flames of resistance. Asha, please. Good morning, and Jaybeem to you all. I greet you in the name of Dr. Ambedkar, because I think that without him and his contribution to our lives, I wouldn't be here, and I don't think we would be organizing this very large conference. First of all, I would really like to appreciate SOWAS and all the other co-organizers for organizing this cast out of the shadows conference. I believe this is a very relevant time in history that this conference is being organized, particularly here in the UK. As you all know that our Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, has been on his world tour and with his rock show kind of presentations in the stadiums all across the world, and I think coming very soon to your country as well. And I think very important, I say that because we're here on a session to discuss cast meeting gender, I think I must really thank the organizers for making this session one of the core sessions of this conference. As many of you would agree with me that in the presentations done earlier this morning, a lot of data was presented, a lot of quantitative analysis, which very much lacked the data and disaggregated data on cast and gender. Like where do Dalit women actually figure out within this whole statistical analysis is a huge question for us today. Also, I would also want to add that when we are looking at all of this data, my struggle as an activist, as a practitioner has been really to look at the politics behind this data that is being churned out. And you know the authenticity itself of this data that is a huge challenge that we are facing as Dalit women in India. Also my sincere appreciation to all of you who have come here for this conference. To me this actually signifies that all of you have had that interest to know more, to understand probably to even challenge our own mindsets and maybe in some way contribute to this movement to end cast and patriarchy and find our unique ways of making some contribution. So really thank you all for that. Intersectionality, I don't think is a very new term or a new concept. A lot has been said, a lot has been written, a lot has been studied about it. In fact, Dalit women activists for a long time have been talking about this violent nexus of cast and gender, patriarchy and this whole cast hegemony and what it means to our lives, social, economic, political, culturally and otherwise. We have organized ourselves to face this kind of structural violence and discrimination at various levels, words like multiple forms of discrimination, layers of oppression, caste class, gender, you know, gendered analysis within the structure of poverty. So many words and terminologies have been used. In fact, now I feel this whole victimization analysis within this intersectionality framework sometimes very often gets loosely used also without really getting at the core of what it means to be born as a Dalit woman in extremely poor conditions of family and community. I think a very quick cross section, when we look at the perpetrators of these crimes or this violence against Dalit women will give us a very clear picture. Now who are these perpetrators? Very often dominant cast men, groups of men, mixed cast sometimes includes even men from our own communities. Perpetrators also include women from the dominant cast who are in hand in hand with these crimes that are being perpetrated on us Dalit women. So when we look at this cross section of perpetrators, really then we can understand what is this intersectionality and in this whole web of violence and untouchability and discrimination who is playing what kind of role and where are the Dalit women actually placed in this intersectionality lens. The spectrum of violence I need not say, I think many of us in this room have read a lot of cases, have been on the field, have seen different research data and heinous crimes even as a stand and speak before you there's a lot of pain, there's a lot of anger, there's a lot of struggle when we look at the kind of violence that is inflicted on our girls and on our women. But the point that I want to make in this whole analysis of violence against Dalit women is actually the targeted kind of violence which we're actually subject to particularly because the assertion where there is greater assertion there there is much more backlash or violence that is actually silencing our voices. Very often the assertion is for economic rights. Very often the assertion is for access to land, access to resources, access to governance and access to actually spaces of decision making. And I think that is a trend that we are actually seeing so much more. It's not a new thing. I think Professor Thorat had very clearly given the whole history of how caste came into being and it's all its ramifications in different spheres. But over the time sufficient analysis is being done. A lot of research is being there right now where at a stage where there is really no dearth of evidence to say that the violence, discrimination and untouchability faced by Dalit women is very different from the women who are definitely not a homogeneous group. I think the relevant discussion for us this morning is to really look at the changing contours of impunity. Impunity at every level, right from the site of violence up to the state of until the stage of conviction and what goes wrong at every step. That's why I said like even the National Crime Records Bureau which actually puts the figure at four Dalit women being raped every day. I just cannot accept that data because just in a period of 45 days in two or three districts of a small state like Haryana, we ourselves a group of five or six activists recorded more than 45 cases of sexual violence. Just last week we got all the data from the different states that we're working, sitting with over 100 cases of sexual violence which we as a small team have recorded. The point I'm trying to make is that the National Crime Records Bureau only records the cases that actually reach the police station and if at all those sections were put under this particular act of the SCST prevention of atrocities act. Very often it is like okay when there's a crime against anybody the first stop of justice is the police station. For us friends actually it is crossing that upper caste or the dominant caste neighborhood to actually reach that police station. That's where most of our cases are either compromised forcefully with threat intimidation and with a lot of money that exchange hands at that at that moment. That's why I'm saying the changing contours of impunity. The nexus between the doctors, the medical officers, the investigation officers, the political parties and everybody involved in that crime. It is so dirty and really so poisonous. Today in a country that is really obsessed with growth, obsessed with economic development and I would say very much a right wing capitalist kind of a model that is being you know piloted in my country. The question that we are asking is at whose cost is all this happening and really the brazenness of impunity that we have actually experienced in the last year or last year and a half. Impunity has always been there. I do not like say that when the previous government was there everything was fine for us the little women know. But I would like to I would really like to say that the brazenness of the crimes and the way in which perpetrators are getting away scot-free is really something else. I think with this whole you know very much hetero patriarchal Hindu identity which is being thrown at our faces every day that you know if you're your nationality of being an Indian and your identity of being a Hindu and so then you can live in this country and then probably access justice or not that is something that is being thrown at us every single day and actually that leaves really very less space for alternative politics leave alone articulations voices and discourse of Dalit women who are really at the bottom bottom of this whole hegemony or you know this whole caste order. I would like to actually take a pause right now and show you one small video clip of I think two and a half minutes and then I'll just continue to say what I have to say.  I said I will beat you up, but when he started to do this, he turned around and he was completely shot. Dalit women's bodies are used as a battleground for the caste war. The attacks on our bodies are used to teach our blessing to the larger community. In 2014, a courageous band of women came together to take on the caste system and to say enough is enough. Really the question is why is it that a group of 15, 20 young Dalit youth women from the community have to take out a plan something like the Dalit women's self respect march, travel from one district to another district, go and meet with the survivors, organize the community, come and then fight with the police, fight with the district collectors, actually get thrown out of their offices, actually further further victimization. If everything was well and if everything was okay, why should we be doing something like this at a great risk? Why is it that today like whatever few Dalit women we are, we have to come to the Human Rights Council every year to plead with the international human rights mechanisms to recognize caste and particularly caste based violence on women as a global human rights concern. Why do we run to CEDAW? Why do we run to the commission status of women? Every instrument from the local to the global level we have been trying to use. Yet there is this extreme form of silencing our voices. Always there is a silence when this bad word of caste is being talked and every declaration that we worked with, every mechanism that we worked with find every ways to actually delete that five letter word from the entire human rights discourse. So really the question is when we as a small group of Dalit women have to challenge and fight against this mighty Indian state, where does that leave us as Dalit women who are actually formulating our own articulations and our own discourse. Today in India there is no dearth of policies, there is no dearth of legislations. You name it and you get it. Whether you like say education then you will get a right to education. You say employment you will get a right to employment. You say access to justice there will be something for that. But really it's almost like handed to you in a silver plate. But the real question is what do we do with all of these? The Prime Minister Modi announced a beti parao, beti bachao. Basically it means educate your girl child and you know make her to grow into somebody. The question we are again and again asking is whose girl child you want to save? Whose girl child you want to educate? When you are just ignoring this whole structural hegemony of caste, you cannot separate. These two will be just fooling ourselves. So actually the question for us Dalit women that we are raising today is intersectionality of these laws. Intersectionality of the schemes. Now you all must have heard about Nirbhaya, the unfortunate incident where this girl was raped and murdered in the moving bus in Delhi. After which a lot of agitations took place, amendments to the criminal laws were made. There are other legislations called as POCSO which looks at child sexual offences act. There's also the SCST prevention of atrocities act more than 25 years old. But in all of these intersections of all of these laws, where do we as Dalit women form that is not there in the lens of the policymakers? Already mentioned was made about the special component plan and tribal sub-plan which actually allocates a percentage of money for development schemes for our communities. Does those laws actually have anything specific for us? Any targeted schemes for us Dalit women that is also absent in the eyes of the policymakers today. So whether we fit in or we don't fit in or actually are we being forcefully fit into some existing policies and legislations is really what the Dalit women are asking to the policymakers and also to members of civil society. We have a very revolutionary constitution in place. We have truckloads of legislations, policies, development schemes in our country. But sometimes like we as Dalit women we are asking should we keep going back again and again to these institutions mandated to give us justice but actually denying it to us at every step. What is it that when there is a system where are these institutions with such deep seated institutional mindsets which are so biased on caste and patriarchy including the judiciary, including the legislature, including the media, including civil society. Why are we going back to these same institutions which are not delivering anything for us or will they ever deliver anything for us? Is it time that as Dalit women we create our own institutions? Do we need to have our own spaces to create our own history and our own voices of articulation? Is something then how do we fight this kind of a very strong hegemonical power? I don't know whether we reject them at this point because caste is everywhere very much within the judiciary itself. Lastly, I want to quickly come to looking at what kind of challenges we are facing. Already a lot has been said about the changing political landscape in the country. Lot of changes are being made into the policies, shrinking spaces for civil society organizations, particularly activists organizations where we are facing lot of digital security issues as well as physical security issues. And also at a time that Dalit women are actually challenging this whole appropriation of our own history of our own voices by other groups. A time has come that we are building our own narratives from our own history and where is that space for that? So as we are moving forward friends what the Dalit women's movement is asking is not merely for funding or not merely for financial resources but we are actually really seeking genuine allyship and solidarity which means we all have to undertake that very difficult task of unpacking our own privilege. And how will we stand by in allyship or in solidarity enabling us as Dalit women to build our own narratives, rewrite our own histories and take forward this movement for justice. Because I think without escalating this into a very large global campaign we will not be able to end impunity and India will continuously get away scot-free. But I really think everyone in this room now that we know we cannot like not do something and I think it's a call really call for action for all of us to be involved in this movement. Thank you. Thanks. Thanks Harsha. And next comes Dr. Deshri Mangubai and this is what she had to say. When I started my PhD in Southern Tamil Nadu villages among Dalit women the first thing women would tell me is what can I tell you? We are only illiterate and low-caste women. And then they started to share how they had successfully struggled against all odds for four years to obtain housing land for over 50 families and how they had overcome discrimination, threats and even violence. That to me Dalit women's power and potential. Dr. Deshri Mangubai. Okay. Thank you. To pick up from Harsha's powerful talk you might be wondering well what is the Indian government doing about? How does it look and treat Dalit women? You've heard in the morning we have the privilege of having a rights-based constitution in India that prohibits and discrimination based on caste and gender. We have affirmative action provisions. We also have in local governance we actually have a specific quota for schedule cast women. In addition to quotas for schedule cast as well as quotas for women. We also have from the 11th plan onwards there's been actually a focus on what the government says inclusive growth and within that there's actually been specific mentions. So for the last 10 years of talking about Dalit women as a specific vulnerable and marginalised category of women calling for the implementation of protective laws for them and also distinct provisions for Dalit women in programme planning, financial allocations and distribution of reservations in education employment. And that's actually there in the plan. That was there for the 11th plan. The 12th plan has similar provisions at least on looking at Dalit women. And yet you've listened to what Ash has been saying about the reality. And one of the things that I want to look at is on one hand you have gaps in terms of the implementation of these laws, these policies for programmes. So you actually have violence or violations of the rights of Dalit women are trivialised often. They're often questioned as whether they're genuine or not. So if when a lot of rape cases take place, there have been number of counter discourses that I've heard from judges down to police officials saying, yeah, but you know what, a lot of them just make up these cases. So we had those kind of discourses. You had the under enforcement of laws and policies and schemes. And if you look at it across the board, what you're seeing is that it operates to institutionalise a hierarchy of social groups on the basis of the extent to which groups, caste groups enjoy informal rights and entitlements in reality. And always across the board you see that Dalit women enjoy the least rights and entitlements. And on the other hand what Ash had touched upon is that in the very design of government measures, you see that in India we have a plethora of measures for Dalits, schedule cast or for women. What the government often is unable to do is to recognise how do you look at both of these identities together and the ways that they intersect. So you often see that Dalit women fall within the gaps. So there are a number of issues where you see that say in terms of budgets, as Asha mentioned, where are the programmes for Dalit women? The same in terms of benefits that at least a few benefits that are supposed to derive to schedule cast and there are huge issues in the delivery of those benefits. But even those often end up in the hands of men rather than women. So whether it be land title for men or alternative livelihood provisions often don't reach Dalit women. So even if you look at quotas and the way that quotas work, on the one hand you have this strong pushback at the moment and it's been going for a long time against reserved quotas. So all on the basis of merit which ignores the fact that merit has also been something that's historically constructed on the basis of unequal access to resources, to social capital, to knowledge on the basis of cast. And on the other hand when you look at the way that work and employment quotas sometimes work in practice is that often Dalit women are told well you're a woman, you can't apply for the schedule cast quota.  And then on top of that you get this idea that quotas is a form of rationing. So the idea is that then you're not allowed to access the general quotas based on merit which to me is to me an absolute counter of the whole merit versus reservations debate. And all of that is then compounded by the fact that if you look at the data we still have for this small tiny portion of reserved seats, you have a lot of unfilled seats, you also have a lack of emphasis then on giving Dalit women the quality education that is required for them to access reservations. On the other hand you've got, so what I'm looking at is then a lot of the very little space that really exists in reality for Dalit women to claim resources through existing institutions and the types of glass ceilings on the choices and opportunities that de facto operate. Despite the fact that we have equal opportunity laws, we have a plethora of schemes and programs in place. And yet issues of gender difference often when looking at them and to link with caste are often ignored in terms of explanations of social change for example occurring in the market economy today. So we've heard about discussions in the morning but for me what's quite interesting is that at least there's a little bit of anecdotal evidence and they're not solid in terms of the fact that how as say for example agriculture we're talking about gets increasingly mechanized as Dalit men in some way or the other have, there's been a little bit, it's not, I wouldn't call it social mobility but at least a moving out of traditional occupations like agricultural labor to find if not, it's small non-farm labor occupations in cities. But then what you see is that Dalit women assume de facto responsibility for continuing caste occupations. So you look at them in terms of agriculture today, there are huge percentage of the agricultural workforce. Again you look at cleaning, you look at a number of sectors that have been traditionally allocated for Dalits on the basis of their caste. You see that women are the ones that are performing those occupations together. You also have evidence very clearly that's emerging that how non-Dalit women are moving into higher level occupations than Dalit women. So sorry, how more dominant caste women are moving into higher level occupations than Dalit women and those disparities are increasingly widening. So what to me it signals very clearly is a lack of investment to build the knowledge and skills of Dalit women to be able to compete with other caste women when it comes to accessing market resources. At the same time you might be asking well then what are development actors and social movements doing to respond. And it has been very catchy, there's been fairly limited recognition or understanding of the different needs and situation of Dalit women. Though I think that is certainly changing because of people like Asha, Dalit women's activists who have become more and more vocal explaining what is their situation, the changes that are happening. And you also see very much and this is something that constantly have issues in India is the silence of the women's movement and even development actors that focus on gender equality. Because there's a lot of gender projects that happen in India on the needs for example to address caste based discrimination against Dalit women. So there's often this thing of well we should be talking about domestic violence against Dalit women and what Dalit men to do to Dalit women. Without recognizing that all of us in an Indian society we are both gendered and caste constructed. And our positions the way that we react means that you have to understand that as a continuum of violence from domestic violence all the way to caste violence, the atrocities that Ramesh and Asha shared. So one has been this failure or this non-willingness to look beyond what's happening in the community, recognize that external caste relations also impact on community dynamics. And also to understand that the strategies that Dalit women may have may be very different when you have to deal with a hostile caste context. So how do you reconcile that and continue to protect and preserve these rights of these women and the priorities they set for themselves. So that has been one aspect the other the other one that to me would be an hardship I will share in the afternoon is the failure to take up manual scavenging. A lot of work that actually gets done by a disproportionate number of Dalits and disproportionate of Dalit women. And yet is this seen as a gender equality or a gender justice issue? No. Nor have mainstream development actors understood how dominant caste have gained power in the market economy while maintaining these kinds of caste and gender boundaries that then deny a Dalit women access to equal access to productive resources. And on the other hand you've seen a lot of Dalit women also challenging the exclusions from the Dalit movements. They've often failed to acknowledge the interest the leadership of Dalit women. And that I think has been in some ways a bit more successful in terms of widening the spaces within the Dalit movements today. Also widening the Dalit rights discourse which in the last 20 years has become stronger and stronger. But is often given primarily to caste violence and other issues but not really looked at patriarchy and caste and how they intersect. So I think there are lots of opportunities and those opportunities to me today are coming from grassroots Dalit women activists villages who are increasingly mobilizing to often reinterpret to reimagine to change Dalit rights activism. So as to address their gender specific priorities. So I'm talking about women that are looking at access to land title access to housing for their families access to alternative jobs. Looking at fights against the destructive development practices like shrimp farming for example I've looked at it happening in coastal areas of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. And you also have women that have themselves faced violence. I remember a few years ago I met a woman who I'm Moini Devi from Bihar and she herself was a victim of sexual assault. She had been raped. She had fought unsuccessfully through a bias system to try and get justice. But then she transformed that into with the support of local activists. She transformed that to say turn around to her own community and say just put up your hand any one of you who has not been raped in this village in the last 10 years by a dominant caste man. And not one of those women could put up their hand. And from that she has started to organize women in her village to look at protection issues to start to raise more and more voice when there is harassment of young Dalit women. So I think that those are to me are the inspiring voices. Those are the voices that we need to capitalize to build upon. And one of the arguments that these women are using is because women have traditionally played a greater economic role in their households than other women. So they are putting forward that they have a right to almost priority as well in the way that we address issues of caste discrimination and violence in the country. And what's interesting to me about all of these struggles and things I think that we need to look at is the fact that all of these struggles allow well required women to negotiate complex power relations at multiple levels. So at the level of their family, sometimes at the level of their community, the wider dominant caste society as well as the state in order to access resources for their development and security. And only by understanding those kinds of distinct experiences that they face of subordination exclusion, can you understand how Dalit activism often becomes gendered. So my own research that I've done I was actually looking at just grassroots level movements of Dalit women. And it was to me very interesting to see that even the political spaces in which these women maneuvered are very different from what Dalit men maneuver. Because of the fact that because of their intersection of their caste and gender identity, not only are they more socially isolated, but they're also more marginalized from the formal arena of politics. So in terms of being separated from say dominant caste male politics from the local governance politics that happens around them, they are quite isolated. And it actually enables them sometimes to more effectively pursue claims for land, for resources through means of that void confrontation and conflict. One minute? Okay, right. So to me these different spaces actually signal the need for development strategies that build on Dalit women's multiple identities and the times of spaces they create. And also to recognize that if you only build in a strategy or an intervention around one identity, you can often disempower these women on the basis of another identity. And I've got examples but I'm not going to share them, but a lot of the partners that we are working with are doing fantastic work out there. They are young Dalit women leaders who are emerging, who are taking up, building thousands of collectors of Dalit women across their own states to take up cases of violence, to build women's knowledge and capacity and recognize that knowledge and capacity to act, give power to the women. They're also a colleague in Gujarat, for example, who's mobilizing Dalit women's leadership in the villages. But then by mobilizing their leadership in the villages in the panchats, they've actually been able to spearhead a campaign on violence against women that cuts across caste and communal lines. But with the very idea that you keep Dalit women's leadership at the center in order to get others to acknowledge or to gain recognition and respect for these women and their qualities. So I will perhaps leave it at that, but my last two things, if I may, would be if I look at... Very quickly. Very quickly. Yeah, yeah, no. It's going to be forwards. Okay, if I was to look at interventions, where do I think key interventions are required, I would say in terms of livelihoods, knowledge and skills in terms of production. And I mean not only production in terms of economic production, but also in terms of production of knowledge. Because as most of you know that Dalits and particularly Dalit women under the caste system have traditionally been denied knowledge and knowledge is power. So to me it's about that. And it's also about making them asset owners, which means that you have to confront both caste as well as gender and the way that it plays out in terms of denying property or assets to women. If I can end on one quote because it is the 125th anniversary of Dr. Ambedkar. I just want to end with one quote, which you said, I'm conscious of the fact that if women are conscientized, the untouchable community will progress. I believe women should organize and this will play a major part in bringing an end to social evils. The progress of the Dalit community should be measured in terms of the progress made by its women. Thank you. Thanks to both speakers and we just have about 12 to 13 minutes. So may I request you to stick to questions? You're more than welcome to share your comments with speakers during lunchtime. So just questions please and go straight to your questions. Can we take three questions? One, two, yeah, one, two, three. Okay, please introduce yourself. Hi, my name is Ciaran Buar from the Karuna Trust. It's a question for Asha. You spoke about attacks on women's bodies as a way of perpetrators teaching a community a lesson. I was just very interested that you mentioned three varieties. You talked about dominant caste men, which I assume most of us will understand the relationship between dominant caste men and women from a so-called lower caste background. But mixed caste men and women from other castes joining in seems like a very, just a very interesting area. And I wonder if you could say a little bit more about those categories. Just back there. Thank you. My name is Aditi Thorat and this is a question for Asha. Asha, you talked about rejecting or considering rejecting the dominant structures of hegemony and creating and developing your own institutions and own spaces for politics. What would this look like? What does this mean? It would be great if you could unpack this a little bit. Thank you. My name is Srikanth Borkar from the University of Sussex. On the line of the last speaker's suggestion to devise strategies of empowerment and development of women and also on the line of what Asha says, that the women have to, sorry to use this word, I don't really subscribe this word and I don't really like this word. What the untouchables, first while untouchable women, they have to find their own institutions. On the line, I would like to request and I would like to ask the budding expert on South Asian society as well as the senior experts, senior scholars, what are the possibilities of forming, forging ways on the lines of the militant anthropology and applied anthropology to form such interfaces between the activist and academia so as to include not only from the academics from the perpetrator caste, but also the representatives of the victim caste. And then they could be added to find a solution on this ongoing plight in the context of this rape campaign which is going on in India, especially when it comes to women as a weapon to discipline the political assertion of the Dalits or law of us. Thank you. This is the last question for the first time. This is not a question but information and if you can comment because both of you haven't touched on that. The problem of religious prostitution which is on a large scale in Karnataka and bordering Maharashtra, what is called Deodasi, it's a very, very serious problem and it comes to religious traditions and customs. To answer the first question, when I said that very often caste violence is used to silence the assertions and actually to reinforce the caste hegemony, there are so many cases which speak true to this fact, whether you look at Kailanji, whether you look at Chanduru or Lakshmanpur Bhate and the cases which were already shared in the earlier presentation. All of those signify that wherever we were asking for greater wages or we moved forward in terms of getting some gainful employment or maybe getting an access to maybe a governance at the village council level. Backlash violence was used to silence, violence against women was used to silence our men and our whole community. In that process and some of the cases that we have worked, we have seen the perpetrators being predominantly dominant caste men. Many times we have seen that men from our own community were used again as what you call it, what is the word, but used as a stooge, is that it? Actually used to perpetrate that violence and also used to get away from the crime. Again many times we have seen for example where cases of violence against women were reported. Very quickly the system will work in a way where they bring the investigation officer who is also a Dalit and then make him to not file our case or make him to not push this case investigation in the right way. So it's again how this larger system is actually using people and particularly our men to actually evade justice from us. Many cases we have seen where women also were involved in mass violence where they actually took part in preparation for an attack on the community. Or also many times where they actually stood in defense of their boys or their men who actually committed the crimes to protect their own sons or their own men from their own families. So I said that based on the experience of cases that we have actually been dealing with. The second question about whether we just reject this whole crazy system which is not giving us anything or what should we do. To be very honest we don't know what that will look like but this is a question that many of us within the collective have been continuously struggling with. Because every time we go to the police officer who is not willing to even register our cases. These officers actually something like this goes on in their mind that you are so called lower caste and so for the lack of better word you are a low character and so you are meant to be used anyway. So why have you come here for compensation or why have you come here. So in that way they that's the kind of feeling that we get every time we encounter with the system. So we've been starting to think like should we have our own media where we record our own stories. Should we build our own skills where we have our own institutions of building our own knowledge writing our own history. Many of these survivor support programs we don't have anything exclusive for us. Should we have our own shelters where we have a you know counseling and care for us. So we've been thinking really been thinking and we don't know how it's going to look like. But that is an emerging thought within the collective. And yes what Thorat sir has said about whole Dave Darcy and religious prostitution again it stems from this fact that you know any way your body was meant for my use.  Or that is actually taking new forms now because those pockets where religious prostitution was going on. Those are actually the sites where women are being trafficked and it's actually moving from the old religious prostitution to actually trafficking. And all the many villages in those pockets of North Karnataka and parts of Andhra Pradesh are actually empty. And the girls are in actually in the brothels. Just two things I thought to add to the first question. One was actually professor Thorat's work that he is done on looking at untouchability in Levin states. And what was very interesting was the fact that it was looking at all different types of untouchability practices and the percentage of occurrence. And what was to me very interesting was that it showed that when it came to Dalit women they faced a higher percentage of villagers reported that they faced more discrimination untouchability practices from dominant caste women. Then after that then it was from dominant caste men. So I thought that is to me one very interesting. There's been very interesting analysis of the Keralanji massacre that happened in Maharashtra a few years ago where you actively saw dominant caste women inciting men to gang rape and murder these women. And part of the explanation or the trying to understand the rationale for that is the way that caste as an organizing structure for identity in many way trumps ideas of gender solidarity and that we need to understand how that plays out. Maybe another aspect I'd look at when you're looking at not only the way that Dalit men also sometimes get used in terms of violence to evade the law particularly the atrocities act because it only punishes Dalit or non Dalit. I mean violence by non Dalits on Dalits. But another aspect is to look at some of the research I've done is on Panchati Raj institutions a few years ago and looking at Dalit women's experiences of Panchati Raj. Because again in a number of areas you see that there's so little research and there's so little information about for example how Dalit women experienced quotas. Because there is a separate S.C. women's quota in Panchati Raj institutions and what was to me very interesting because I looked at some of the research and there was very little research. The only research I could find gave the traditional explanations a very gendered view that Dalit women were being proxy representatives primarily for their men. And then when looked at that and then we started to talk to women in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu what we found is that for the majority of cases you had around a third of women that struggled against incredible odds and incredible discrimination to participate in the The other two thirds were in our sample of 200 women were Benamis or proxy representatives. But they were, okay 30 seconds, they were proxies primarily for dominant caste men who would often use their husbands because they are engaged in a power relationship in the villages. They are employed by dominant caste men and that way they would ensure that the husbands were the figureheads of the figureheads but who ultimately controlled the resources that were going out of the panchak it was the dominant caste. The time is up but since we started late I'm going to take two more questions and then just round it up with your final remarks since two questions. One, two, yeah that's it. Thank you just please be brief. My name is Sanjukta and I work on minority rights. I'm interested in looking at how identity questions can be located in the private sphere and and to me the whole domestic issue and the domestic sphere where Dalit women are systematically abused and on the basis of how they look or what they are supposed to do. That is the domestic made sector and the interesting thing is that they are being institutionalized. There are domestic made agencies that are coming up in India now and I wonder if there is any research that sort of systematically looks at how they are discriminated in this area. Please be brief. Yeah, Kavita Kelsey, Care International UK. And just for the second speaker you talked about some of the survival tactics that Dalit women might use after a sexual attack or other kind of attack that might be different from other women's tactics. I wonder if you could talk a bit more about that. So you need to have two minutes for the closing remark. Okay, who wants to go first? All right, very quickly. I would say in terms of the domestic made question, I at least I don't know of any info. I've seen sort of newspaper reports that looks at the fact that a lot of domestic work is done by Dalits and Adivasis under extremely exploitative conditions. I have not seen, I mean, I don't know of any research as such that has been done as to the other one. Sorry, just say it again. It was looking at survival strategies. Okay, in what ways do you think that they're different to that case that you said? Okay, I mean, to me, one is to look at in this context where we have no support services in any case for survivors of sexual violence. But to look at in terms of Dalit women's cases, often it is, and again this comes back often it is a reliance on family and community because you know that there is little aspect of getting access to justice. Which in some ways, and I'm very hesitant to generalize because I don't think you can completely say that the experiences are completely different. But in general, when you look at statistics, you look at women's experiences, Dalit women's experiences, they have lesser access to justice, lesser access to any kind of outside community support in order to survive and to continue. And so part of the work is then of Dalit right activists, Dalit women's activists in terms of organizing these women in terms of bringing forth their voices as a way to encourage protection mechanisms in villages, which isn't flawed because of the caste context in which they may live, but at least give some hope that, okay, their voices will be heard that there is a strength of collective mobilization to protect them. Sorry. Sorry, I had that job to do. Thank you for doing that. Well, I'll just end by saying that there's a lot going on in my country and it's not looking very good for us and we have, as Dalit women collective really stuck out our heads in challenging, you know, a lot of issues, both nationally as well as internationally. We've been really challenging the domains of privilege that have actually represented us thus far. You all know that most of the South Asian studies departments across the globe are not represented by our voices. So if we want to really have Dalit women's narratives and articulations in creating and rewriting our history and also challenging the whole Hindu dominant diaspora that has actually brought in this government in my country. All of us have a role to play to really think and also what he said was like what will be those spaces where activists, human rights campaigners, researchers, scholars, students and international NGOs and otherwise to come together and build that collective strength. Otherwise, then we will be actually fighting a losing battle. Thank you. Thank you very much. Just to say that there will be a gender breakout session in the afternoon and these speakers will continue to be there. So if you want to pick up those points, please. You should be there. Okay, so thank you very much. Could you please join me in actually thanking the speakers.