Are you on Facebook? Okay, great. Stand up. Are you on Facebook, sir? Not on Facebook. Great. So, okay. Okay, you can sit down. How many of you on Instagram? Stand up. Instagram. Instagram folks, let's stand up quickly. Okay, great. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Okay, next. How many of you on Twitter? Twitter. Twitter folks, stand up. Stand up. Stand up. Twitter folks. People at the back, no one using Twitter. Okay, great. You can sit down. All right, last. How many of you on LinkedIn? LinkedIn folks, stand up. LinkedIn folks. Okay, I'm sure everyone is on LinkedIn, right? I'm expecting a lot of LinkedIn invites. Okay, great. Thank you. You can sit down. So, now that I have your attention, I've just tried to do my first exercise in building social capital, right? I have your attention, right? And this is something which I have been thinking about for a long time. And since a lot of you are on Facebook, okay, now we're going to show off hands. Okay, how many of you have more than 1,000 friends on Facebook? 1,000 friends on Facebook? Okay, 500 friends? Okay, 200 friends? Okay, 100 friends on Facebook? Okay, great. So, our notion of social itself has changed considerably in the world today, right? So, what I'm going to talk a little bit is our notion of social and, of course, social capital because I believe strongly that we as designers rely on this a lot, right? And so, that's my Twitter handle because I'm a pretty much active user. So, if you are tweeting, you can talk about that. I won't talk about this because the host has already mentioned that. What comes to your mind when you see this picture? All right, what comes to your mind when you see this picture? You can just shout out. Power T. Okay, what else? RTI. What else? Girl education. What else? What else comes to your mind? Come on, quickly. Future generation. What else? Pardon? Hope. Okay, you know what comes to your mind when I see this or when I was there? I was like, we keep talking about tablets and phablets and phones. This is the kind of tablets that these guys have. And it hits you. Reality hits you very hard because you realize that we are talking about design thinking, user experience, the next-pex experience for technology products, et cetera. And we have a huge community in India which is still living in rural population, which is still defecating in the open. I'm like, where are our priorities? Sometimes, you know, this is questions which just hits you so hard. Malnutrition. Almost close to 40% of children in India, right? Less than five years old, stunted growth, low motor skills. That's it. Backbencher for life. The amount of effort that really goes into trying to get that back to mainstream is huge after that. Under five years, many millions of children die every year in India. So these are some statistics data, but I think it's important. I mean, we talk about teachers. 1.4 million teacher shortages. Can we design something for that? 50% of students in class five cannot read a class two text. A simple paragraph of text. Don't believe me. Go to any rural school in India. Pick up any classroom. Give them a newspaper to read and you will get this reality check. They just don't read. Dropout rates. The government was very happy. We have close to 98%, 99% enrollment ratio in primary schools. By the time you go to high school, more than 40% dropouts. Where have we failed? What's happening? Why is there a problem? You know, we keep talking about let's bring technology solutions, let's get technology innovation, let's do user experience design, design thinking everywhere. What's the reality here? Something tells you a very different picture. 47% of girls in India married before they turn 18.  And these are some statistics which I keep reading about and it hits me more and more. And that was one of the prime forces why we started the whole happy horizon stressed work because we believe that there is a responsibility that we as designers have, that we in the design fraternity have to bring solutions and not think tech solutions and not think build the next best website or build the next best app and not think to have gesture interface based classrooms. It could be very simple solutions.  Yesterday we had the minister talking about traffic. Today I'm talking about education. Tomorrow someone will talk about poor healthcare. Somebody will talk about lack of water, et cetera, et cetera. And this is a question which me as a designer, having moved from doing design and services company to a product company to working in corporates to setting up a design school to eventually coming to this basic guiding force of the life, which is how can design really help? Because when design, we talk about design being a problem solving tool that has to be a solution to the problems that we spoke about as well. It cannot be only for the elite, the people who sit in the BMWs and the AC corporate offices and think that we have made the next best enterprise app. And of course, when you're dealing in these kind of situation that I told you, finding solutions is really tough. Trust me. It's tough. It's frustrating. It's depressing. And as we move to a more connected world, right? All of your smartphones? Yes? Smartphones? Everyone? Raise your hands. Smartphones? Okay, great. So we move to a more connected world full of gadgets and systems. We designers, we question the very foundation, right? How these new systems that we are building, can it solve a problem? And how can it have a long lasting impact? So this is this why I always call this I want to change the world fallacy because, you know, we often have this designers who come out of design schools and have this notion that yes, I want to, of course, change the world, right? But we have to be very realistic, because it's not very financially rewarding as well. Someone I keep talking to people that okay, I'm going to do a full time into my trust activity and at least five people in the conference between yesterday and today have asked me, how are you going to sustain yourself financially? Because it's not. Does that mean we stop thinking of solutions for it? No. We have to think of, of course, we are in the age of quick rewards, right? You swipe your credit card, 20 reward points. You go to a mall, 50 loyalty points.  Can I see the reward in a child for primary school if I do a short term impact, immediate assessment of my rewards? No. So I have to think of a short term as well as long term impact. And if anybody in the room is really interested in thinking of solutions, which cater to this 70% population living in the rural areas, facing problems every day and every day in the lives, it's important that we think from this perspective. And I personally think seeking help from the social capital that we end up building is really helpful. So what really it is, right? It's a network of relationships amongst people who live and work in a particular society, enabling society to function properly, right? And this is what it is eventually because all design, all design solutions end up creating social capital. All of you familiar with this term called user-centered design, user experience. So the moment your design touches any user, you are eventually creating social capital. How do you take that as a real source of inspiration, of motivation for you to really build the next best product, which will solve a problem and have that long lasting impact as well? So for me, it's about reciprocity, trust and cooperation, right? And any solution that we're thinking about from the today's generation, we have to think on those lines. If you cannot engage in the trust of the user, you have lost them. If you cannot cooperate with the users, you have lost them. So what we effectively mean is that we now have more challenges for the designer, because now suddenly I'm exposing you to a new domain where probably it's not so fancy, it's not so financially rewarding, but still an open call to say that we need to have designers working in that space as well. So it's not, it's, you know, how we create large scale impact to our solutions. But these solutions have to be participatory in nature, because I believe you have to engage with that social capital that you've really built to create solutions, right? That engages all the different stakeholders. And of course, this is the fancy word that we all love, right? Experience. That doesn't have to be limited only to the 250 million odd upper class and upper middle class bracket of India. Of course, they deserve a good experience. It's for them as well. A child deserves a good experience when it goes to a school. A woman deserves the experience of going to a bathroom in a primary household in a state in India. It's as simple as that. So our definition of experience, you know, who are we designing for? Why is it important? Because, you know, we all need to ensure that good experience is for everyone. It's not just for us sitting in the room here, right? So as I said, all good design leads to social capital. And of course, at the end of the day, it is about enhancing user behavior, right? If your user starts using a product a lot, there is a considerable amount of user behavior over there, right? They have changed the user behavior. How many of you use Uber or Ola for that matter? Ola Uber? Yes. So I almost reduced my driving thing, my driving habit, like the amount of time that I was driving drastically. I've reduced it down to almost 10% now. If it's a distance of less than two kilometers, I will drive. If it's in the peak traffic time in Bangalore or Delhi, I probably even don't do that. I probably prefer to just walk. But a behavior has changed. When our products get so involved in our lives, we start to realize so much on that product that our behaviors change completely, right? For me, I believe social capital is critical for the social innovations, right? But this is something which our society was built historically. Our neighbors knew our neighbors. You know, we would know each other. I would really know, even to, not so much today in my village, but when I was growing up, I would know if four houses down the road, when there is non-veg cooked over there, or when they have some special kind of a sabzi made over there. We would know that because our societies were structured around there. Something changed. You know, the notion of social itself changed, of course, with the advent of all the social tools that we talked about. So effectively, if you're a design leader, this is what we're trying to address, right? How can technology, business, and design work together to take advantage or to leverage the social capital that we are really built, right? And leaders need to find ways to work with this social capital. It's not about, you know, just forgetting them when we need them, or as in the politician's term, when it comes to voting, that's what I remember. It's not that. But of course, there's some challenges, of course. Who are you designing for? We keep talking about user-centered design users. Who are you designing for? You know, the biggest irony of the smartphone is that it has made us anti-social, right? That's the biggest irony.  We need to get away from it and make technology as the enabler and not the center of all our design solutions. Of course, how do you keep all the different stakeholders happy is also critical. Need versus want. If I ask a designer out of a young designer out of grad school today, he might want to design the next best chair. But do I really want, do I really need a new chair? That's the question I need to ask, right? How do you identify the true problems that you want to solve as a designer? Especially in places where getting influenced is easy. I use a product. I like it. I'm very likely that I can tell you to somebody and that person will believe only on the basis of that trust that he has in my understanding of that product or solution. So I'll just give you a quick insight into the amount of the how we work with the social capital at the work that we do at the happiness and trust. So we try to use the social capital to work in education for development and this is the firm belief that you cannot build a skyscraper on a weak foundation. All of you agree? Would you go into a building which has a weak foundation and try to think of taking an office in a high rise? No, because the chances that business might, building might just collapse. And that's why we work a lot with primary school students because that's important for us, right? So of course how do we improve the quality? We believe you have to empower the local community, right? So to create local leaders are very important. And that's your first way of really finding, these are your banks of social capital, if I were to call it, right? These are your banks and they of course then outreach to other people who generate a lot of that social capital for you as well. Storytelling of course, no one, everyone likes a good story. I'm hoping you like the story that we are talking about here as well. Of course we talk about women empowerment a lot because the society cannot really progress without this, okay? We try to develop critical reasoning using activities on skills, skills enhancements, using design creativity, design thinking, book design workshops, crafts to enhance motor skills, new mediums of learning. So the joy of seeing a movie in the first time in your life, many kids face that. You know when we do this project called learning through videos, many kids would have never seen a movie ever in their life because of course movie watching is bad, right? That's what we are told when we're kids, isn't it? Sports, don't play because it's a waste of time. Movie watching, waste of time. Who goes to a movie? I remember I got whacked by my father when I went to watch, I think it was Dildo Pargale and some whenever it came out, all right? And of course this is important, so apologies for the type who I just noticed it right now. Technology when needed, you know not always, you have to really know when you really need to intervene with technology. And most importantly I think having that system design thinking to ensure that you, you know, include all different stakeholders within your work as well. I'll just share some quick learnings that we have had along the way, which is kind of a nice way to conclude on this whole concept, social capital. Design is not cosmetic work because at the end of the day, this is what a lot of people tend to believe. Are yaar iskona sundar banata, just make it beautiful. In fact I'm working on a book and it's called Make It Look Beautiful. Like it's a straight pun from, a lot of times I would get mails from clients who would say, we have done our work, we have built the product, can we just make it look beautiful? And, you know, design is not cosmetic work. They realize there's so much things that talks about process, etc., etc., to make looks. Building social capital is tough, as we have seen, trust takes time, right, especially. It takes a lot of time to build a trust. You have to understand the local thing, have a global perspective, but at the same time, you have to have that local approach in the work that you're doing. Sustainability, of course, is important. We're still trying to figure out how we're going to make that, but yeah, it's a process. Collaboration, as I said, open integration of anybody who is interested in collaborating. And we want to build inclusive solutions, right? It's important. At the end of the day, you'll be reflective about the work that you do.  I'm basically reflecting upon everything that we do. We truly believe that the impact of our solutions is important, right?  That's probably the genesis of our trust work name, is happy horizons trust as well. So if I got a dollar for every smile that we generated through our work, I'd be a millionaire by now. So design India, design for India, design for India, but design with India. I think that's the critical thing. It worked, by the way. Really appreciate what you're doing. So I was also in this space. I was also trying to do something, you know, but as you said, financially, it was not practical for me. And I'm sure everybody in this room wants to do something, but the only thing that stops them is the financial part. So how can we make this whole you know, think practical? How can we make the whole design community, you know, participate in this and at the same time, make it more practical? So yeah, great question. And as I said, you know, as you yourself said, probably many people in the room have the same question as well. I think it comes to more, you know, I could probably end up becoming more spiritual towards the answer to this question. It's the whole answer being how much is enough, right? And I personally believe that how much, so let's say you were to hire a person in Bangalore. How much do you think you'd pay him? Like for doing a general office work, something, maybe around 10 to 15,000 rupees. Here, I probably, because one thing which I personally believe in a lot is to you have to create local teams, right, wherever the thing is happening. And I found that answer that this was not really too much financially taxing for me, right? So of course you have your work which you're doing and I was still working. It's only post-February that I'm going to go full-time and be based in Bihar. But I personally feel that if you can just find that answer that how much is enough for me and I can really empower two, three people. So the core team that we have around 10 people team in Bihar. And it's not that financially expensive to kind of manage that 10 team. Having said that, I think you have to bring in the checks of, because we were monitoring them from Bangalore. We were earlier based in Bangalore. So monitoring them on a regular basis, giving them the tools that they can really interact with you regularly. And for any kind of social development work that happens, I think the base foundation is trust. And you have to have that trust. You have to show that trust. You have to trust that manager who is in Bihar who is trying to work. You have to trust the people who are there on the ground impacting the work. And I think that's an important part, because we often we don't rely the importance of trust. And of course the other side is the breach of trust, which is of course really not acceptable as well. But in social sector, especially the trust is very important. And especially when we're working with communities where a lot of NGOs have tried and a lot of NGOs are coming to work. This notion of trust is always the first thing that you really need to understand and address. So if people understand that you know, what is it? Whom do I trust? Because again, there are like tons of NGOs out there. If you don't want to start your own work, probably there are a lot of NGOs whom you can collaborate with or work with. And of course the infamous part of NGOs is not many are actually doing real work. A lot of them are just fake and working. And we get that question, we are evaluated by the lens on a daily basis. But I think the work that you show, the way you presented, the people you talk to, it has to reflect that honesty and trust in what you're doing. So I think that would be my, you know, short answer to that short question. Yeah, you're talking about making things ecologically sustainable, right? I was talking things about socially sustainable. What happens is what villages have become right now is a place from where people want to escape to the city. Because the city seems to be more rewarding, more money seems to come from the city. And better chances and better employment opportunities are at the city. So what happens is people do not want to stay at the village. People who stay back at the village are the ones who did not make it in the life, right? So how do we make it more socially sustainable? So that people would really want to stay back at the village. I see a lot of people right now with me. I mean, I've got my friends here as well who want to go back to the village because they've understood that they want to see. I mean, they want to escape the troubles of the city now. They want to go back to farming. I think many people have started doing that as well. So how do we encourage that kind of thought, that kind of emotion? So this is where someone talked about yesterday. I think it was in the second or third keynote session yesterday where they said that, you know, at the very top is you have to become a public speaker or you have to evangelize about the values of it. I met this one guy in Noida where I was working and he had come from a village near Banaras and in Banaras he was earning close to 6,000 rupees and saving around 4,000 rupees because he had his own home and his expenses would be taken care of. That's effectively he was saving 4,000 rupees. He left Banaras that village that Banaras town and he came to Delhi and joined a company which was paying him 10,000 rupees and effectively he was ending up spending saving only 2,000 rupees, right? Because the expenses go higher, right? Your transportation cost is higher, the producer is higher, et cetera, et cetera. And of course it comes with a baggage of stress and pollution and traffic jams and et cetera, et cetera. So the social quality of life really goes. So somewhere, I think a lot of us have to really understand that and spread that message in whatever way possible. And I think it's not just socially viable, of course, but socially as well as economically viability is also very important because of course you don't want to just you know, only base your like, see it's a very easy, I said, you know, that I want to change I want to change the world fallacy. You know, I won't, I feel that if I go back to the village I'll be able to create a lot of impact. May not be the right thing actually. So yeah, I think a lot of people need to understand that in whatever capacity if you don't want to move back to village fair enough but at least find ways in which you can contribute back to a problem because I feel this is something which really needs our attention. It's not that I want to do something, it's actually needs and where our effort should lie.


Despite fulfilling all legal requirements, including registering to vote, my clients were denied their permanent voter's card, and INEC has refused to comply with the court judgment which compels INEC to allow them to vote using their temporary voter's card, in the case of Koforoala and another versus INEC. This is not an isolated incident. INEC's inefficiency and ineptitude to issue permanent voter's card has led to the disenfranchisement of millions of eligible voters in Nigeria. We call on the international community to condemn INEC's action and to stand with the people of Nigeria in demanding that INEC complies with subsisting and valid court judgment until it is obtained on appeal.


We have a new record. 10% of all Freedom Partners said I want to be featured in the small channel spotlight. Obviously we can't do 15,000 videos, but I want your opinion on what we want to do to let everybody get featured. And here's the idea. In case you missed it, here is the first small channel spotlight. And here is the second small channel spotlight. Go check them out. Create teams of five who will be treated as a single person or a single channel where we spotlight teams of five that grow more quickly than other teams of five in the same category. Think of this like an MMO where you are going out into a dungeon and you have a group of five and you are competing for some loot. In this case, you are competing for the small channel spotlight in each category. So if you have five very experienced channels, you are not going to be competing with five beginning channels. And here is how it would work. We will create a leaderboard where we would showcase the highest subscriber growth, the highest view growth, the highest comment count growth each day. And then from those leaderboards, we would choose which team of five to spotlight. And we would spotlight all five channels equally, not just one. This would allow us to encourage all of you to work together to help each other grow, not a thousand channels helping a thousand channels, but five channels helping five channels or four others grow by watching each other's videos, by giving each other feedback. And we will create teams that suggest one designer, one SEO expert, one guy who is the leader and so on. So you have five unique skills, one musician, one editor. And if you combine those five skills to help each other grow, you will be like five people working together. Do you like this idea? Do you think we should do this? And if you say yes in the comments below, tell us how else we can improve it. Because we want this to be the single best way to help you grow by connecting strangers. You don't have to know four other people. We would help you find four other like-minded people to create a team of five or a circle of five. We're not sure what to call it. If you have suggestions on what to call it, tell us in the comments below. This is a new idea because we simply can't spotlight 15,000 channels. And we can't spotlight even 1500 if only 10% of you really wanted this service. So help us help you and we will do it. I promise. Guys, this is a very short video because all I wanted was your input on this one idea. And as soon as we have it, we will execute it, put it into the dashboard. And so everyone can start creating teams of five. But get started now. There's nothing stopping you from looking for that dream team, the basketball team, or the Dota 2 team, or the League of Legends team, everything that has a team of five. There's nothing stopping you from preparing for this. Because I think we will do it with some changes maybe based on your feedback down there. But get started now. The sooner the better. Alright guys, I hope you enjoyed this episode of The George Show. And we'll see you on the next one. Click the first video for a fireside chat with George where he shares our future and how he grew from $20,000 to $120,000 in just one month. And click the second video to see how to monetize all of your videos with just a few clicks to enable all ad formats and monetize in all countries. And we will grow together as a family because this is the freedom family. You are part of it, we are all part of it, and we're all growing together. So grow with us and partner with freedom. That play now button right there on the video bar is all you need to click to get started. Till next time guys, you've been watching. What happened to being doctors and teachers? What happened to being your brother's keeper?


Good afternoon everybody if you're just joining us welcome to our full day of fun Super Science Saturday And for those of you who have been with us, I bet you've gotten hungry again I know I have we have been Scienceing all over the place today and that really works up an appetite So I don't know if some of you were with us this morning For our morning Super Science snack with chef Nancy from the N car cafeteria and with Scientist Tim, but they are back again this afternoon because we can never have too many snacks, right? so I'm gonna go ahead and turn it over to them and Let them tell you what they're up to now Hi everyone, I See chef Nancy, and it's time for an afternoon snack I'm still like salivating from all those fabulous marshmallows and Raindrop marshmallows and what are we doing now? Raindrop marshmallows are delicious I encourage everybody to try them and let me step back and talk to Nicholas again because Nicholas asked a question earlier about how Easy they were to make and marshmallows are super easy I just want to tell you that again 20 minutes probably all done They need a couple of hours to set up and then what happens next is we start having fun So hi friends chef Nancy here again from the Mesa lab home kitchen While Tim and the rest of the wizards are helping from all the other lab places everywhere else in town Okay, so this morning remember we talked about dust particles And how dust particles create a blanket on top of snow causing it to melt a little too fast We also talked about how that same particle of dust helps a raindrop form Just like we needed a particle of gelatin to help us form our marshmallows, right? but Tell me what happens when a raindrop or in our case? Marshmallows change because of something else happening in the atmosphere in and around them so I've been fiddling around with our marshmallows here And let's see what has happened when our marshmallow rain Has changed because of the storm that I've got going on in this pan here. I gotta move my pan so you can see it first I Warmed my marshmallow raindrops with a little bone and vanilla And in my storm bowl here. I actually have snowflakes now in this case It's crispy cereal, but I want to show you what happens when my warm rain That I've blended into something new Meets a Different temperature something else happening in the atmosphere in and around my storm My snowflakes look at them go They're blending they're mixing and they're turning into something new Now I'm gonna put some butter on my hands here because this is warm and one of the ways that you can keep sticky things off of your hands Is by butter in your hands, so I've got butter over here Butter in my hands like crazy here butter and all my hands like crazy just like you would soak Any ideas do you know what our rain has become here? Look at this I think our raindrops have become grapple Not a weird word grapple is formed when perfectly pretty snowflakes here that they formed They bump into really cold rain That hasn't turned into snow yet and what falls out of the sky from these storms Is crispier Than snow, but definitely not as squishy as rain And this certainly does not splat like slush In fact Grapple actually it really looks like dipping dots here tiki the wonder dog likes dipping dots Here at the mason home kitchen my grapple is really super tasty. Have you guys ever seen grapple? Look for this winter on those really weird coldish days when it can't rain or it won't snow I'm sorry about tiki the wonder dog. He is really excited right? Anyway, let's see the best thing about grapple is when it goes From the sky Into my mouth and belly Okay, that's crazy. I got to wipe off my hands a little bit Let me show you When you're making your grapple you got to get it down here in a pan and push it all into place And that way you can cut it up for later and you can actually make it into a bowl of grapple Kind of like what I've got here. I'll be able to snack on this later when I'm watching a movie tonight But now I'm going to spread this out in a pan and we'll break it apart into our grapple later That's all set aside Now remember I talked about having a wet towel when you're doing sticky things So I can quick wipe off my hand because I want to talk about one more type of precipitation And it's one of the craziest forms It's called hail Now you will definitely need an adult to help you with this recipe because it's a hailstorm And hailstones can hurt This time our raindrops that we're developing In our storm ball look like popcorn. Mm-hmm. These are our raindrops Beautiful individual drops of rain But the temperature of the storm is going to be much different this time because this time in my storm ball I have a super hot mix It's water corn syrup sugar salt and vanilla Now watch what happens when my really strong storm ends up going way high And gets into my popcorn rain What's happening is that is the air hit Oh, let's get it set up here I'm buttering my hands again When rain goes way high into a storm it hits air that is super cold and it starts turning into hailstones Our hailstones are forming from my hot candy hitting my cool popcorn rain Now in real storms strong updraft wings in the thunderstorm can push hailstorm Hailstones back up into the coldest region where they grow even bigger And then they start falling out of the sky Because no storm can hang on to hailstones forever And eventually the hailstorm becomes too heavy to be lifted up by the strong updraft winds and they fall to the ground So i'm gonna start making hailstones here My hailstones can be any size and any shape Now let me ask you guys have you ever tried to save and freeze a hailstone? Because some really really big hailstones have been saved by the scientists And they've even made models of them to show us how big they can become Hey tim do you have any of those? I absolutely do and I think everybody's gonna be surprised when they see just how big these hailstones are Normally we're used to the the ones that look maybe like a grape or pea size or maybe even golf football size But look at the size of these hailstones and I have two different models Because they can be All kinds of sizes and they happen in lots of places all over the world Well, maybe unluckily we get them in the united states This was the original world record verified by charlie knight one of our Scientists here who's the ice expert back in 1970? He verified that this was one piece of hail that had lots and lots of Spikes on the top of it as the water on that hailstone froze As the hailstone dropped down and weighed 1.67 pounds and then in 2006 This one got replaced with this hailstone which weighed 2.1 pounds And you might say they look the same size but if you hold them close together it's slightly bigger And what's missing is some of the spikes They didn't actually come out when we made the mold of the of the hailstone But 2.1 pounds And strangely enough This one has already been replaced with another record size hailstone in south america It was three years ago four years ago now that hailstone was recovered And we don't have a copy of that one yet, but Strangely enough if you would like to interact with a hailstone We have a virtual hailstone That you can interact with online and we'll put that the link to that virtual hailstone in the chat And then you can go to that and check out even another stone. It's from arora in the west It's funny, but not them really looking really There we go Those look insane. I mean just I mean they just look weird. They look wild I can't believe anything like that fell out of this guy. You guys my dog is so excited about this I have a super science saturday dog. I think you know I can't believe that anybody would actually collect a hailstone and put it into their freezer, but wow I mean honestly a six or eight inch hailstone fell from the sky I would grab it and put it in the freezer And I would probably call you guys next Strangely enough nancy we we have those hailstones people collect them because Strange well, maybe it's not strange if a hailstone like that falls in your house A lot of times you have to talk to those people at insurance companies about What caused the damage to your house? So some people will have them in their freezers just because they need to show it to other people And that's one of the ways that we get the hailstones is that people find out like hey Enkar's really interested or specifically Charlie about the ice that falls from the sky And we think the largest a hailstone will ever get will be somewhere around the size of Maybe a size four or size five soccer ball if you know the different sizes of soccer balls But that's as big as we think they'll ever get but this is pretty devastating And we estimate they're falling close to 80 somewhere between 80 and 100 miles an hour when they come out of the sky So if you hear a an alert for severe weather Listen for what that could be and they'll even tell you what's expected for the size of those hailstones I'm pretty sure an umbrella would not help with that. No Okay, well, I got to tell you guys None of these hailstones that I'm making today And I've got a lot of different shapes and sizes here Showing exactly how they can change and be any size in any shape when they come out of the sky But I have to tell you Tim. I'm not going to save any of these today because you know what? They're all my They're really yummy Okay, you guys well, I'm chewing on this popcorn hailstone. I have to bring it up There are so many things that you guys have learned today all in one day But do you think you can remember this while you're playing with your food next time? Rain is precipitation and it can change into so many different things depending on what's happening In and around the storm Keep your umbrellas nearby for those rainy days or months Keep your umbrellas nearby for those rainy days or maybe the grapple days Keep your mittens around for the snow But I don't know what to do about the hail other than run All of our storm snack recipes here today are available in the chat session And please make sure you find them try to make them in your kitchen And take pictures and tell us how the dust affected your your your oyster crackers snow And tell us how your marshmallow rain changed into something else if you make great crispy treats out of it And definitely make some popcorn ball hailstones because they're just really good But if you do that make sure you've got some mom or dad or a grandma or grandpa or anybody that ends adult near with you They're with you Make sure you take pictures and share them with us at hashtag super science saturday Uh until next time i'm not sure that you need to do anything other than keep your weather gear handy What do you think tim? I think that's a great idea and make sure you get that rice crispy treat hailstone Out right up there and start munching on it.  There's a question We had a question from the audience And then i'm gonna go stuff my face too because that just made me hungry So somebody's wondering tim and nancy What is the evidence for the possibility of the hailstones size being as big as a size four or five soccer ball? Oh, i'm so glad someone asked And it might not unless you've been watching all day long it might not be perfectly obvious But this morning we talked about different instruments or science measuring tools That can let us know what's going on up in the atmosphere And one of the most important things in the atmosphere is humidity another one is pressure But there's also wind speed And wind direction And what we found out in thunderstorms is that the updraft in a thunderstorm Can be much faster than you might expect Over 100 miles per hour straight up. I've even here at ncar been able to see rain Going up Through our plaza our fountain plaza where there's a surprise coming at the end of the day But i've seen rain wind blowing rain straight up and if it's going out over 100 miles per hour That's enough force to keep hailstones In the sky for quite a while charlie estimates charlie knight our ice in the atmosphere specialist says that it Probably took somewhere around 45 minutes For this single hailstone to grow this size bouncing around and he said he doesn't even know what kind of pattern is But getting jostled around in the air corner of like popcorn in a popcorn making machine Now that's one thing is the air blowing up to hold that that Water drop it up there But we need water and we do lots of water and very very cold temperatures at the top of the thunderstorm the temperature can be anywhere from 50 to maybe even 90 degrees below zero at the stop at the top of these thunderstorms So if you keep pushing water up there The the heaviest we'll get we estimate and mathematically we can do it. That's our job is to figure out. What are the extremes? So we use lots and lots of math and experiments and experience In order to determine what is the absolute top end of what could happen and we may be wrong but um Over time we keep refining our answers and we think it's still somewhere around the basketball or soccer ball in size And hopefully that helps with the answer Wow, that's fascinating Okay, that makes me want to take them into my popcorn And make it into a great big popcorn ball Three of us should eat it at the same time maybe four goodness Tim and Nancy this this has been both informative and delicious this little session So thank you so much to both of you and I did put again In the chat the link to a folder that has all of chef Nancy's recipes for our cooking up the storm series So hopefully some of you will will be inspired to get into the kitchen and and think about some science while you're making some delicious snacks So I don't see any other questions So, um, I think we'll go ahead and wrap it up and we will be back At two o'clock for a special behind the scenes tour of our research aviation facility I don't know how many of you out there in the audience even knew that ncar actually has aircraft airplanes that are specially designed for doing atmospheric research So we'll be back in a few minutes and uh be ready to take you on a tour of that Sounds excellent. Thanks, Tiffany. Thanks everybody Thanks. See you next time


Welcome back to the channel everybody today We are going after one of my favorite species in the world to catch and that is the crappie And we are rolling out in my 15-foot John boat again aka the crispy collector But today we're gonna be focusing on fishing bridges now You're almost guaranteed to run into some sort of fish on a bridge at all times of the year But there's two seasons that it really performs well and that is winter and summer The reason being those two times of year fish typically like access to deep water and usually a bridge is going over Some sort of river channel. So little tip if you're gonna go fish bridges in the winter and summer Try to locate those parts of the bridge that are closest to the river channel start there and look for bait Now some bridges can be gigantic and it can be a challenge to find these fish today We're gonna be using our new electronics, and I'm excited to finally try out the life scope on the crispy collector And I'm gonna give you guys a little peek on a new bait today, which is the tasty tube It's not quite out yet, but this is an excellent winter time bait because it doesn't have much appendage movement Tubes are excellent fish catchers everyone knows that But this bait right here is awesome because it doesn't move very much just a little bit of tentacle movement And if you guys are gonna get into crappie fishing for the first time need some baits or you're just wanting a sweet deal Googinsquad.com the crappie crusher bundle right now is on sale. It's linked down below But today we don't want much action because the water is in the 40s these fish are cold We're trying to match the movement of these bait fish and that is key when you're fishing bridges Make sure to find some bait. You're gonna find some fish. Let's get under these loud crazy big bridges I'm apologizing right now for the bridge noise, but the fish are under there. I promise you just gave The old little 30 little dirty 30 Merc her first Gear loop change yesterday So I wanted to get out of the water make sure everything's running smoothly Seems to be so far and also a new a dish Check this out Stuff figure, you know, it's the crispy where we're out here catching things to eat and whatnot I'm gonna head and just put ourselves a big old foam measuring board in here All the way out to 32 inches I don't think we're gonna be using the full extent of our measuring board today So we're going after crap Okay, so I've gone across just a couple of rows of piling so far and I found one spot that looks okay So what I'm gonna do is take some paracord. I'm just gonna kind of take the boat around Try to wrap myself Around one of these posts Okay You're set in motion for to use this. I got to turn on my black box Just press that button right there. There she blows And we got some fish down there This is kind of a special one because I I Tied this little fly myself, but I've basically got a Eight-thounts Guggen squad jig head with the spinner on it. This is a spinner version. I took the spinner off And I'm just using the swivel To basically create a little fly that goes right underneath it We're hooked up I Don't know which bait that the fish got but we got one. Oh, we got the fly. Oh, it's a drum The drum ate the fly Four-pound test At least I know something will eat it probably thumb the white bass probably bass eight the tube tasty, too I go a bit better All right, second fish is a white bass hooked up. There's our crop Sir Get in here That one wanted a tasty tube so it was interesting about that one is You know, I caught those other two fish in the front and the first cast I made on the back side It's where we got the crappie with that current. It's kind of flowing through See if we got here See what kind of measurements we got You can enter. I'm sure to put him on the string or so to Tell his other buddies about it. Oh Man, he's still fighting Feisty now quick rigging tip if you guys want to try the double rig like I'm fishing here You don't have to fish to fly you can do two jigs. You can try different colors on each Jig head so you can see what the fish like more. It's also a way to cover a little bit more water You can take your underspin rig Ours comes with a nice burrow swivel under here You can take that split ring off of there and your little willow blade and replace it with a leader And then tie your jig head below that and then you're fishing two baits at once Little caveat to that you may not get the best fall like you would on a single 16th ounce jig head, but you are able to cover more water and maybe even double up Oh got it Right under that pilot Hey, there's a cuppy Good one That was pretty sweet y'all Watching to go down Another one about 12 White crappie collecting in the crispy got it. Oh, no he dropped it. I feel like he's gonna eat the fly. That was a big thump I don't know if it's crappie though It was like a white bass tug. Yep. That's what it is They're a little bit more off the pilings, but I've had crappie Do the same thing. God that felt good whatever it was I'm here, baby That's a big slow tug I don't even know what this is Oh, yeah, I know I know It's a school of gasp for goose Good crappie all Oh man that jig just popped out Just popped out. There's a solid crappie I just had to leave it sitting still All righty guys we're getting some interest, but they're not connecting so I'm gonna try to switch up colors Maybe switch up dates I'm gonna go with natural Natural daughter. Hey, look at this one. You better be a crappie You're nailed against that post. That's what I've caught Slimy sucker Question of the links just barely gonna do it All right, we got our four I'm gonna settle for five That's what I'm gonna try to go for if you guys have never crappie fish before Crappie are pretty unique And that they'll typically stay in an area and they they won't move off a piece of company I love to stick around company And looking at them on the electronics They're one of the few fish that I've watched that will that will back up as well And sometimes that's a good thing if they see your bait coming They'll kind of back up and get in position and they're very curious or like cats similar to bass but bass are More aggressive with their approach whereas crappie will Very slowly Start to turn And they'll nose your bait now on life's scope You can actually see their fins moving and they'll they'll start to get kind of excited And that's what you know You got a good chance of catching that fish But sometimes they just sit there and they do not move at all and you cannot get them to bite so Sometimes it's just experimenting. You know, that's one of the cool things about it. You can stay on some fish And you can keep experimenting until you catch them where it's best, you know Most of the time You get a couple shots and then they're they're gone like they're going to move on to the next piece of cover move on somewhere Crappie will a lot of times come back or not go very far at all This is the crossmember And you see these fish Are sitting up under there And that's very hard to get to so The best way that I have found To get onto these fish was two ways I can pass across it and let my line Go over it straight down Or I can move my boat up a ways Cast back and basically parallel it Both are difficult because you need to get within inches of these fish You can't just have it off and put my foot A foot off they're not going to eat it So it's difficult, but that is where the crappie are sitting and a lot of white bass as well You see these they're just individuals And they're chilling We're just chilling there. They're not moving Now it's the typical telltale sign of crappie.   I can't do a vertical presentation on Essentially have to You saw how I had a big one a second ago. I lost them threw it over Just dangled it, but I lost him because I was over the cover and he got hung on it God Bless them It takes so long to set up 16th ounce jig drifting into the perfect spot and then dead stick it And then I miss them Buggers there we go I got one but honestly this feels like a white mess and it is what in the do's man I think these are just lone females that are just Hanging with crappie, I don't know What are you doing by yourself? It's supposed to be in a big herd an old spoon Spoon fish My SD card just filled up, but I just dropped at a base of a pillar All the way down there a Dean come up and popped it and I was thinking oh man It's gonna be another white bass. No Big girl big girl right there. That is number five. That is completing the stringer. We've been working hard out here That's the one I've been looking for right there 14 inch White crappie smells so sweet when you work this hard for them Always nice to end on a big one ended up with a nice little stringer crappie to feed the families Fresh golden crispies go out and do it again. Hope you guys gathered something on fishing under bridges today Uh, you actually don't have to have a bass boat to fish under bridges In fact, I saw guys fishing out of kayaks. I saw someone fishing out of an inner tube today So it's it's pretty easy access to get up under there and there's always fish under bridges Go ahead and give me a thumbs up subscribe to the channel for more fishing and outdoor adventures And I'll see y'all on the next one


Sorry, I don't have any. I'm a little baby. I'm a baby. I have no money. I can pay you in blocks. No I'm a baby


Hi, I'm Beth King. I'm a faculty member in our online geospatial education programs. Prior to coming to Penn State, I worked in the GIS group of an engineering firm. In our programs, I teach some of the introductory GIS classes. I also co-teach our study abroad class in the MGIS program. I'm the assistant program manager in our master's program, and so I help our master students stay in touch with their advisors and help them to schedule classes, so I might be in touch with you that way. I'm standing in front of the Nittany Lion Shrine, which is one of the most iconic landmarks at Penn State. When our online students come to campus for graduation, they often come and get a picture with the Lion Shrine. Across the street, which you can't see is Rec Hall. That's another landmark at Penn State. It's been here since 1929. It's where the Nittany Lion wrestling team wrestles, and I'm a pretty avid Penn State wrestling fan. Another personal thing about me is that I'm on the board for a nonprofit group that helps aspiring Zambian teachers, so we provide full scholarships to students in Zambia who often can't pay for college themselves. That's a passionate thing of mine, and we're going to be traveling back to Zambia soon, which is one of my favorite places on earth. I hope to be in touch with you at some point. If I don't see you in class, I hope I'll have some conversations with you about our master's program.


So, we have started talking about growth mindsets since the very first week of school, right, since the beginning of school. So, raise your hand and tell me how would you describe growth mindset to someone who's not familiar with that terminology, Alex. I'll describe it as... The learning goals need to be very clear for students. They need to be posted. We need to discuss them. We need to be able to refer to them several times throughout the lesson. So, if that means putting them on the flip chart, having them on the whiteboard, referring back to them throughout the lesson. Do you know what that's called when you're having that conversation in your head and you're thinking about your thinking? Olivia? Metacognition. Metacognition. So, we've talked about that this year. I'll say that when you're aware of your thinking, you can change things. You have the power, right, guys, to change your actions, how you're feeling about things, outcomes. And I think internal summaries are something that are just so valuable in a lesson, going and talking about where are we with the objective? Where are we in understanding that? What have we done so far that's driving us to that objective, checking in with students, referring back to it, having them discuss the learning objective and what we've learned so far to help us to understand that. Okay, so today we're going to talk about self-talk and what that means and how it's related to growth mindset. So, our objective for our goal goal in today is I'm learning to use positive self-talk. Okay? So, positive self-talk gives me the power to control the focus of my mind. What does that mean? We read it if you need to. What do you think that means? I love how reflective you're being right now. Harlan? Maybe.  Mastery looks different in every lesson depending on where you are in the unit. Our big question today is what is positive self-talk and how is it connected to the growth mindset? So, I've got some thought bubbles up here. Why don't you read that for me, Grayson? It's going to be okay. Do you ever tell yourself that? Yeah. Yeah. It's going to be okay. Do I tell you that? This summer I went to the workshop and one of the things discussed is adjusting our objectives to I am learning. So, it is truly more kid-friendly that I am in the process of mastering this objective. I'm working towards it and if I don't get it today, growth mindset, I'll get it tomorrow. So, I'm going to keep working towards that. All right, boys and girls. So, we're going to do a stick it together activity today to see if we can come up with some better options. But let's just talk a minute more about self-talk and look at some options. So, these are all examples of what? What's our objective today? What are these examples of? Caroline? I'm going to have a great question. And what else? To change learning to use the positive side of self-talk. Yeah. So, these are all examples of how we can basically have this dialogue in our head so that when we feel that negative train coming down the tracks, we can redirect it into a more positive direction. Okay? So, I want you to turn and talk to your partner and decide which one of these do you really connect with and why? In the activity that you saw today, the stick it together on the sheet itself, there are seven checklist items that the students need to fulfill. And so, we actually have a job for that and they have to look for bumping up vocabulary. So, we're going to do our stick it together activity now and I have groups for you set up. A big essential question for our growth mindset stick it together is what can you say instead of is this good enough? Why is this a better choice? So, remember we've done this throughout the year where you take a post-it, you have some private think time to fill out your post-it, then your group comes together and you decide on your best answer, okay? Putting in mind your checklist of things that you need in your best answer. When each person in your group has had an opportunity to fill out their post-it, then you can go ahead and start collaborating on your best answer. Be mindful of your checklist. This is a better choice, okay? Guys are doing fantastic. Okay. Instead of saying I can't do this, you can say I can do this, I can make my work better. You can also tell yourself this is good because you always need to believe that you can get the answer right. This can also help you learn from your mistakes.  Your answers were insightful, they were concise, they were well thought out. Alright guys, so I want you to give me a fist to five. How are you feeling about adopting or incorporating or trying positive self-talk in your daily life? A fist to five. A fist, I don't think I'm going to take this strategy five. I think I need to try this every day. When I need students to reflect on their learning or their understanding of a lesson, there are several different strategies that I use. As simple as a fist to five, a fist, we joke around, I wasn't even really in the room, miss O'Lant, my brain was somewhere else, a five is I could probably teach the lesson to a third grader. I will question them. And based on their fist to five, sometimes that's how I decide how my small group is going to be. So I'll pull those that are a zero to two, and those will be my small group friends for that day. So that reflection piece is critical for me going forward in the lesson. I may have an idea of who I want to pull that day. Well, sometimes things just don't work out like you plan. So using that reflection piece is really helpful. Okay. Excellent. Guys, give yourselves a round of applause. You were rock stars today.


Hello and namaste. In this video, I will be briefly explaining about the evolution of massive open online courses or MOOCs as they are referred to. Though there were universities and initiatives that focused on distance education much earlier, the arrival of internet in the 1990s had also brought in the opportunity for increasing access of education through online learning. The Alliance for Lifelong Learning, a non-profit initiative started by Oxford Yale and Stanford University in 2000 is one of the earlier initiatives that tried to offer courses at scale through the online media. Soon, others had also joined similar experiments at multiple levels. An example is an individual effort by the Uta University professor David Wiley who offered his semester course online. This had 50 participants from around 8 countries. Some more examples of scaled-up initiatives include the MIT Open course where Linda, Khan Academy, Stanford Online, peer-to-peer network. But the most widely talked about experiment in the massive open online course was the course Connectivism and Connective Knowledge offered by Stephen Downs and George Siemens in 2008. The course was offered with the underlying philosophy of Connectivism where learners worked with distributed content using multiple technology features like content aggregation, wikis and web pages to learn from each other. The instructors had also provided additional learning resources like readings, web links and audio summaries in the course page to close this learning loop. The course attracted 2,200 participants worldwide. The next big revolution in the online offerings came in the year 2011 when the Stanford University offered three courses online. One of it was the course Introduction to Artificial Intelligence offered by Professor Sebastian Thrun along with Peter Novick. This attracted 160,000 learners with around 20,000 of them completing this course. Professor Thrun went on to create a MOOC platform Udacity in the year 2012. And here, there also saw the birth of the most popular MOOC platforms like Coursera, edX, FutureLearn, OpenHPI, LA Academy, India had also witnessed scaling up initiatives in the field of education during these years with the trained 10,000 teachers coming up with blended course offerings using its synchronous remote center model for content delivery and the national program on technology enhanced learning coming up with video repositories from professors of the premier institutes like IITs and IISC. Thus MOOCs had become a common word by 2012 and the advantages of these courses in terms of access and flexibility that it provides for learners along with the scales that it can reach were widely appreciated by everyone.


I'm Jocelyn Bell-Bernel, and I'm the current President of the Institute of Physics for UK and Ireland. I recognise that the Institute without the President is doing quality work, superb stuff, and that I trust will continue to roll on. My particular interests, I'm keen that we recognise excellence in physics at all levels, all the way from senior school kids to senior academics. I'm also keen that, and this is overambitious for a two-year term, but I'm keen that we move towards having a public that's appreciative of and supportive of physics. And that means good outreach and good education, so that school education, for instance, shouldn't just be for the people who'd be professional physicists, but should also help generate, help produce a public that's knowledgeable about science and comfortable with science. My third ambition, and I think I do that just by being me, is to encourage women in physics, get more, support those that are already in the field. Discovering the first pulsar was actually worrying. It was such an unexpected signal of a kind totally unexpected that my supervisor particularly rightly thought there's something wrong with the equipment. I had a hunch that actually it was some kind of star, although I couldn't articulate that hunch. You know how you work with pieces of equipment, you get a feeling for how it operates and what its weak points are. But anyway, we set out on a programme to try and find what was wrong, and I had been responsible for the wiring of that radio telescope, and I was really worried that I had literally got some wires crossed, and this was what was producing this funny signal. So we spent a month checking things out, gradually moving our sites further and further out. Was it a fault with my equipment? No. Was it a fault common to the whole observatory? No. Was it a fault common to our patch of the globe? No. Gradually working out and out and out. And at the end of that month I actually discovered the second one, and that was brilliant timing, partly because we didn't quite know what to do next with the first one, but secondly because discovering a second one, very, very similar but not identical and in a different part of the sky, and then knowing that it wasn't a fault with the equipment, it wasn't a fault with the observatory, etc. That was really sweet because that shows that you've stumbled on a new kind of stellar population. Dear knows what it was, but it's a new kind of stellar population and we find the tip of the iceberg. And a month later I find another tomb, so I find the first four on that. Real fun. Yes, it was an important experience. The particularly memorable bit was finding the second one. And once you start seeing things you begin to see more, so I saw the third and fourth quite quickly. Yes, it was a very interesting experience. Being interviewed following the discovery by Press was very interesting. This was the late 1960s and the Press had no idea how to handle a young woman scientist. Young women were page three material. They weren't scientists. So I got asked questions like what were my vital statistics, how tall was I? Was I brunet or blonde? Was I taller than Princess Margaret or not so tall? I found that very difficult to handle. How did you handle it? Well I forgot my vital statistics and I didn't know how tall I was and I wasn't going to say how many boyfriends I had at once and I was generally not very cooperative. I resisted being outright rude with a sharp tongue because I reckoned the lab probably needed the publicity. But I did not like the way they were approaching me. I was a sex thing, not a scientist. I think today women are treated much better although it's still not parity. For instance a woman appears on a stage platform, something like that. There'll be comments about how she's dressed as well as what she's saying or doing or has done. A man wouldn't get those same comments about how they're dressed. So it's still not true equality which is interesting to observe but it's a lot better. For women physicists, particularly younger women thinking of physics, I'd say go for it. It's a fantastic subject. It can lead to all sorts of things. Think hard about what you want to do and having decided stick to your guns. Don't give up too easily. Be prepared to take risks. You'll probably surprise yourself.


Now, with the drama-strawling parallel congresses of the APC and the goings-on in the PDP, one begins to wonder what you expect in 2023. However, Nigerians are already eager to know how the next president will emerge. We are joining us to look at this and other issues. The senior special assistant to former president Goodluck Jonathan, Dr. Doi Okupe, to look at this and other issues with us. Dr. Good evening, thanks for joining us on this. Yes, good evening. How are you? I'm very well, thank you. Hope you're well too. Fine. Now, you've seen the congresses. I wish we had someone else from the APC with us. But you've seen the congresses. Let me allow you have a word, even though that's not your party. What do you make of the parallel events in the APC? Well, I understand your apprehension, but you know, I've been in this game for so long that we have reason to become elder statesmen. And I can assure you, when I only make a comment on this type of issue, I'll be as objective as anyone can be. And then it also clears right away, I mean, that parallel congresses are not peculiar to APC. You know, in fact, it's something that comes across board, APC, PDP, and also even the minority parties, if you follow what goes on in the country politically. I would say that. Of course, these are, you know, really flourished signs and what's, as a medical practitioner, as flourished signs and symptoms of leadership failure, impurity, corruption, and indiscipline that has bedeviled the entire policy in the country.  You know, in the days of the Unionist Party of Nigeria, went from Mawolo, was the leader of that party. And Akinui was leader of MPN. The issue of the parallel congress just is not, is unthinkable. It is absolutely unthinkable, you know, because those who are the leaders of the party were authentic and they had powers.    You know, how far we have gone down. You know, I mean, a party is supposed to be established either in the world, in the local government or in the state. And there's a supervising authority. The body here. Yeah, which is the national, you understand my point. So how do you have parallel congress? That means two things has happened here. There's a failure of leadership. And also there's total indiscipline at the local level. You know, there cannot be two chairman of the same party in the same state. If, you know, people, if we are really, I'm saying this, I'm not, I'm not being partisan. I'm talking about PDP. I'm talking about APC. You know, we have become, you know, we, we, we money politics in discipline and corruption has also now eaten into the canker ones and this enormous structure of political parties in the country. So what do you get? I mean, what gives a man or a group of people the confidence to go outside the dictates of the national secretariat and you go and hold press conference.  Ironically, I tell you, because I've been involved in these things. INEC that's supposed to be the supervising body will be present at the two sites. What kind of company does that make sense? INEC should take instruction only from the national secretariat. And, you know, the national secretariat is the one that is empowered by all the constitution to organize these conferences and where they say the venue of the Congress shall be and remain the venue of the Congress. This is, this is utter nonsense. This is what we do at party levels. This is what we take into government.   Absolutely. Now, in all these states, the national secretariat or secretariat are aware that there are issues in those spaces. So you move in. That's what we used to do in NRC. In NRC, it was, I was part of the leadership of that party. I was the national policy secretary of the party. I was a member of the National Working Committee. It's not possible.  If it is NRC, it's not possible. Okay, now, let me cut in there. Now, when the APC began to have issues with our internal politics, people in Nigeria began to think that the PDP, your party, would take advantage of that, you know, to make something else happen. You can take advantage. It's Nigerians on the left side and Nigerians on the right side. And, you know, we're preaching the same policy and we are the same people, and we act the same way. We have become very, you know, indisciplined people nationally in all spheres. It's not just in politics. In everything that we do, Nigerians have become highly, you know, undisciplined. You know, we do not, we act with impunity. We've got no respect for law or order or, you know, good order of society. And we believe in the instrumentality of money.  Now, looking at this, looking at the whole situation, looking at having the holistic view of the polity and the politics going on, internal politics, especially with the APC and the PDP, how is your party, the PDP, planning to take advantage of all this for a comeback? Is that a grand plan? When I say this also, I'm also very sincere and serious that, yes, there are private congresses in APC and all that, there are lesser of it in PDP. It's also a fact. It's not because I'm PDP. But, you know, private congresses do not determine the success or the failure of the parties at the grassroot level. Because at the end of the day, once you come to this image and the secretaries, I mean, the various national authorities take charge and they say, this is the governorship candidate, this is the social security candidate. Now, you know, the ballgame changes, you know, the electorates are not interested in who is controlling party structure. They're interested who is the candidate. And once they see the candidate, then people take a decision who did they follow. So, you know, it's now left to the tap, I mean, the perception of your party at the electorate level, you know, the type of candidates you have chosen, you know, and the response of the electorate. So, you know, putting all that together, it is easy for me, I mean, I had a few of my friends just on this television now, saying now, APC, you know, we're going to win, we're going to come back and all that. That is not that kind of there. What we determine who comes back is the perception of the electorate. Dr. Kupai. Yes, sir. Tell me, is a principal secretary planning to join the APC? Who me? Your principal.  I have heard that and I can say categorically that it is highly improbable. Nothing is impossible in politics. You know, only interests are permanent. You know, nothing is impossible, but I think it is highly improbable. I can say that with some level of confidence. I can't say beyond that. So, you, well, if it's a secret plan, I probably don't expect you to come out and say, okay, is planning to join or... I don't think so, I don't think so. Look, Dr. Goodluck, Jonathan, by God's grace and providence, has become not just a national icon, has become also an international figure, all right? You know, a couple of days ago, he's been made an ambassador by a committee of nations and all that for peace or something around the world.  So when you get to that level of recognition globally, you don't now descend into mode. You know, coming into real active politics and politicking is coming into a very murky area. If you have gotten out of that and you have been sort of elevated beyond that level, it is not reasonable that you will descend again. That would be like a plane, you know, having an emergency landing. So do you want to tell us who is the PDP fielding in 2023? As president. It's me. Okay, okay. Let's wait till then. Okay, no problem. All right then. Thank you very much, Dr. Dwayne Okukbe for joining us on the news tonight. God bless you. Thank you. I love this studio and I'm very happy to be here. Thank you. Let me say that. Thank you very much. So we hope to see more of you then. Surely. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Remember, the coordinates of a point are a set of directions that tell you how to get to the point from the origin. So in two dimensions, the first x-coordinate specifies the horizontal distance, and the second y-coordinate specifies the vertical distance. In six dimensions, it doesn't really matter. Each coordinate specifies distance in a particular direction. So we might try to locate in two dimensions, the point 5, 3, and in three dimensions, the point 2, negative 4, 6. So the coordinates 5, 3, in two dimensions tell us we can get to the point by travelling five units horizontally, right, and then travelling three units vertically, upward. Now if I'm in three dimensions, the coordinates 2, negative 4, 6 in three dimensions tell us we can get to the point by travelling two units towards. That's if we use our standard orientation in the first octant, and then we'll travel four units to the left, since our y-coordinate is negative, and then finally our z-coordinate is 6, so we'll travel six units upward. But what if we want to get from one point to another point? Well, we could navigate from the first point back to the origin using the coordinates of the first point, and then navigate to the second point from the origin again using the coordinates of the second point. So let's say I want to get from the point 3, 5 to the point 1, 4. Now, since the point 3, 5 is the point you get to by travelling from the origin and going three units to the right and five units upward, we can reverse these steps to get back to the origin. And so we'll go five units downward and three units leftward. Now, once we're at the origin, we can get to the point 1, 4, because its coordinates tell us how to get there. And so we'll go one unit to the right and four units upward. And so altogether our sequence of steps will be go five units downward, go three units leftward, then one unit to the right and four units upward. Now, in some places that's how you navigate. You get back to a starting point and then navigate onward from there. It's sort of like driving in Boston. But having to return to the origin does seem a bit inefficient. And so we might ask the question, maybe we can do better. And in fact, it's important to remember always ask that question. Always ask, is there a better way? So let's try that again. Let's describe how to get from the point 3, 5 to the point 1, 4. And so we might notice that if we go to the left by 2, our x-coordinate will decrease by 2 and we'll be at 1, 5. Now, while you might say, OK, well, sure, but why would we want to do that? And the reason we'd want to do that is that makes our x-coordinate the same as where we want to be. Well, how do we make our y-coordinate the same as where we want to be? Well, currently, our y-coordinate is 5. We want it to be 4. And so if we go down 1, our y-coordinate will decrease by 1 and we'll be at 1, 4. And so if we put our directions together, we can follow them. We're going to go left 2 units to 1, 5 and then down 1 unit to 1, 4. So for example, let's describe how we can get from 2, 5 to 1, 7. So our x-coordinate needs to decrease, so we'll go left 1 unit and that takes us to the coordinates 1, 5. Our y-coordinate needs to increase, so we'll go up 2 units to 1, 7. And this leads us to an important concept. A vector is a set of directions that describe how to get from one point to another point. For example, go left 1 unit, go up 2 units. And it's helpful to compare these with coordinates. Coordinates are a set of directions that describe how to get from the origin to a point.  As you can see, there's not a lot of difference between the idea of a vector and the idea of a coordinate. Really, a vector is a generalization of the idea of a coordinate. In a coordinate, our starting point is always going to be the origin. In a vector, we can start anywhere. And so the only real difference between vectors and coordinates is that a vector can start anywhere. Now to distinguish between vectors and coordinates, we typically use angle brackets. So the angle bracket negative 1, 2 is a vector. Meanwhile, parenthesis negative 1, 2 is a set of coordinates. But in both cases, they specify the same directions. Go left 1 and up 2. And the only difference is that with this set of coordinates, we know where we're starting. But with the vector, we know that these are the directions we're getting from some point to another point.


face on top and stuff like that.  I was interested in a machine, and there's a machine that is made for yourself and they're pushing them up and facing you. It's very easy, and you see that right now I have to say that because I've been working with them for a week and a half, I'm very safe from that. And I'm doing clouds and other things, I'm here for a few months, so you're the prime guy on that. It's going to be exciting, that's for sure. You do have a lot of data, so try to get all the steps and runs and I'm going to keep high class support and I want to get people to try and get them to work more job-in because there's a lot of things that are made, a lot of work is to become the best and you know that's what I want to do and that's what I'm doing. I can now let you know that I'm facing a little friend of mine and you know what I want to do, I think that's the common word job-in. It's the first time I've seen that somewhere. And the other thing is because I'm in business and I wanted to get to the top and they were working to the other way and I can't see the reason why not. We can't get to the top. So now you're in a position to be the best and I think that's what you have to know. The only best I possibly can is a lot of delay clusters to open up the business with money. It's a job-in. I think that's what I should do. I just want to try to get to the top and go by the day. You have to make some pretty good plans that leave you with your future. I mean, you have to remember my gatherer has signed up and I've done all of it and finish everything with that and I'm Bhar years old and that's the job-in. There are a few who don't know but in my case, we've got all of those and it's just going to be it's finally over and that's hot and you just have to go home because you don't need to I'm just going to say that I'm a great candidate for different fates, and I'd say that I'm going to never work in a watch in these guys' fate. And the rest of these guys, because they have a lot to do with the decisions to become one champion. And that's where I'm going to get to. So all of these are the guys that I want to be skating. And all of these are the guys that I'm going to be the head of this team as well. And I'm just going to say that I'm going to get to, and I'm going to actually lay down the team. I'm going to work here. Today, I'm working on a team that works for me. I'm working on that area where I'm going to fight in the middle of a middle of a fight. So, you know, could be a future player. It's to be a future engineer. You know, it used to be, oh, I'm going to get this someday. I want to get the best of the team. I have to do this to get to. You know, I'm going to get on the path of all things to that same matter to get more on. Because if we're talking about something that you're like, what's the problem with me? You're not going to be in the middle of a fight. I'm going to get on with some bones. I'm just going to know what I mean. And I'm going to be in the middle of a fight. I think that's the sort of thing that I'm going to do. So, starting to come together. And everything's starting to go well for me. I'm really looking forward to the future. Because I know what's going to be safe. And I'm going to have a lot of support back here. It's a little bit of a lie. And I'm already having a lot of fun for me. Yeah. You know, it's, it's, it's a little bit of a challenge. I mean, you're going to have a really good experience. I understand a lot about team L.A. You know, talking to different parts of L.A.  But, you know, in L.A., we looked at part of the campus quarter. And I was chill out. And so, I'm just, you know, I'm still looking forward to that. I think that's a particularly good thing to do. I think that was a really, really hard one. It was, I think, a really, really tough one. And I was having a lot of favorite coaching roles. And I was having a lot of cool coaches. And my favorite was, you know, Gaffery and all that. And then, you know, and then, of course, I had a quarterback, which is actually a reason as well. And I'm on a bad side. I'm on a bad show. And, you know, everything. Gaffery's working really, really well. So, I do need to call it all playing there. I've been thinking about building a team. You know, we have team and all that. So, that's a good point. But I'm getting from my fans, from the support nourishing the whole company. I have to make something exciting like that. I want Gaffery to be a great fan here. We have a lot of cool guys in the line. I have to pick out a few more guys. You know, that's all. But we have a lot of time. We have to stay focused. You know, I don't have time for that. But you know what I'm saying? I'm going to ask you some questions because, you know, there is a very dangerous group. And I want you to watch them. And, you know, I have a vision where you could be with them. But you need to move your mind for the next time. Because for me that's my vision. I need a chance for meeting a place that's safe for a work title. So I also have a team in the line. I get a man. I never train in time. I train in less than a work title. So, where do you... It's perfectly simple. I like my status. Not only I think we've got it very well, I'm living in the way that." Well, in that sense, it's definitely entering the country. No one knows kind of things that keep pushing me on the radio. See you next time on the radio. Bye.


Welcome to All Hands Update, I'm Patty Officer Brandy-Wills. These are your headlines from around the fleet. The Office of Naval Research announced the Laser Weapon System, or LAWS, successfully deployed and operated aboard USS Ponce in the Arabian Gulf. During the test, LAWS hit mounted targets aboard an oncoming small boat, shot an unmanned aerial vehicle out of the sky, and destroyed other moving targets at sea. There's some important information regarding the surface warfare officer community you may need to know. After December 16, no new contracts will be processed for the revised SWO critical skills retention bonus. Current bonus payments are not impacted by the reauthorization delay, and those who are affected have already been contacted. For more information, contact the surface warfare community manager.


Hello everyone, this is Amit Dhan and on this channel you can find financial travel and more videos. If you like what you see, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing. Thank you. Hello everyone, this is Amit Dhan. I'm on my way to Singapore and I'm at Taiwan International Airport right now. I'm taking to the Eva Business Class lunch, which is the star lunch. Now if you are an Eva Business Class passenger, then you have two options. Either you can choose the star lunch or you can choose the infinity lunch. So basically one of them is on the left and the other one is the right. So this time I'm choosing the star lunch, but later on I'm going to be coming back to Taiwan Airport again. Once I come back from Australia and at that time I'll be looking at the infinity lunch. So you have a chance to look at the infinity lunch later on. But in this video, this is the star lunch Eva Airlines Business Class. And if you like what you see, please give it a thumbs up and subscribe because there will be more travel videos coming up from my Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and Malaysia trip. So I'll see you shortly. Thank you.


All right, have you guys ever been in the dark room and could not find a bottle opener because it happened to me? And I had to figure out how to roll open up a roll of film without having a bottle opener So today I'm gonna open this roll of Provia for you guys. I shot it with the broken camera and So I don't think anything came out So I'm just gonna go ahead and open it and show you guys how you can do it when you don't have any tools whatsoever all you've got to do is get your fingernails and put them right under this piece of plastic Not under here. Just right here get your fingernails under it and you're just gonna rip it open And then you just pop it open There you go. You have your film Usually in the dark room I'm just ripping it up in like a freaking beast But you shouldn't do that. This will be enough and you can go ahead and load it on a reel


Welcome to George H. Schmitz's Excursions into Libertarian Thon, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. I'm your host, Terence West. Ludwig von Mises, an Economic Calculation under Socialism, Part 2. The idea of efficient planning in a socialist economy is plausible only if we assume that economic value is an objective feature of commodities, one that can be rationally ascertained apart from the give and take of market competition. Karl Marx made precisely this assumption. Like David Ricardo and other economists in the classical school, Marx defended a labor theory of value. It's interesting to note that Marx finished only one volume of capital during his lifetime, in 1867. A book that was published as the theory of marginal utility was about to revolutionize economic thought. But this was one revolution that Marx failed to appreciate. By the time Friedrich Engels, using Marx's notes, pieced together the second and third volumes of capital, the labor theory of value had ossified into a sacred relic for socialists and anarchists, but found relatively few adherents outside those ranks. Economic value, according to Mises and other in the Austrian school, is not an objective property of commodities. Rather, value is imputed to commodities according to their perceived utility in serving human wants. As Mises puts it in socialism and economic and sociological analysis, every man who, in the course of economic activity, chooses between the satisfaction of two needs, only one of which can be satisfied, makes judgments of value. Such judgments concern firstly and directly the satisfaction themselves. It is only from these that they are reflected back upon goods. We compare our preferences by ranking them, not by measuring them. It makes sense, for example, to say that I like apples more than oranges, and oranges more than pears, and therefore that I like apples more than pears. But it makes no sense to say that I like apples twice as much as I like oranges, and oranges three times more than pears, and therefore I like apples six times more than I like pears. In other words, since economic value derives from estimates of personal satisfaction, and since there is no invariant unit of satisfaction that can serve as a standard of measurement, it is impossible to measure, compute, or add up the marginal utility of various commodities. We can rank values ordinarily, but we cannot measure them cardinally. As Mises points out, this creates a problem when we need to make economic calculations. Computation demands units, and there can be no unit of subjective use value of commodities. Marginal utility provides no unit of value. Judgments of value do not measure. They arrange. They grade. Our subjective estimates of value may prove sufficient when dealing with simple situations, as when Crusoe, alone on his island, is calculating how to provide for his wants in the immediate future. But the problem of calculation becomes insurmountable in more complex situations, especially when a sophisticated division of labor is in place. When lengthy and complicated processes of production are involved, our estimates of subjective use will fail to give us the information we need for long-range economic planning. That which subjective use value cannot accomplish in free markets is accomplished instead by objective exchange value. By objective exchange value, Mises means the money price of a commodity, which serves as the required unit of economic calculation. Money, according to Mises, does not measure value, nor our price is somehow measured by money. Rather, prices are simply amounts of money. Mises called the price of a commodity its objective exchange value, because that price, which arises from the interplay of the subjective valuations of those engaged in buying and selling, can serve as a practical means of economic calculation. Calculations of this sort provide a control upon the appropriate use of means of production. They enable those who desire to calculate the cost of complicated processes of production to see at once whether they are working as economically as others. If, under prevailing market prices, they cannot carry through the process at a profit, it is a clear proof that others are better able to turn to good account the instrumental goods in question. Finally, calculations based upon exchange values enable us to reduce values to a common unit. And since the higgling of the market establishes substitution relations between commodities, any commodity desired can be chosen for this purpose. In a money economy, money is the commodity chosen. Money prices are necessary if we are to engage in long range and complex calculations. They enable us to compare different production methods and determine which will produce the desired good at the lowest cost. Mises offered a concrete example of a problem that socialism is unable to solve. Precisely because socialism, by prohibiting the private ownership of capital goods, also abolishes the market transactions that are required to generate prices for those capital goods. Suppose that the socialist Commonwealth was contemplating a new railway line. Would a new railway line be a good thing? If so, which of the many possible routes should it cover? Under a system of private ownership, we could use money calculations to decide these questions. The new line would cheapen the transportation of certain articles and, on this basis, we could estimate whether the reduction in transport charges would be great enough to counter way the expenditure which the building and running of the line would involve. Such a calculation could be made only in money. We can make systematic economic plans only when all the commodities which we have to take into account can be assimilated to money. True, money calculations are incomplete. True, they have profound deficiencies. But we have nothing better to put in their place. And under sound monetary conditions, they suffice for practical purposes. If we abandon them, economic calculation becomes absolutely impossible. This is why Mises predicted the inevitable failure of central planning. His portrayal of socialism, first made in 1920, proved remarkably accurate, especially in regard to the Soviet Union. All transactions will be subject to the control of a supreme authority. Recourse will be had to the senseless output of an absurd apparatus. The wheels will turn, but will run to no effect. Socialism, far from being more scientific and rational than the free market, actually annihilates the possibility of rational planning. In the socialist Commonwealth, every economic change becomes an undertaking whose success can neither be appraised in advance nor later respectively determined. There is only groping in the dark. Socialism is the abolition of rational economy. The arguments of Mises caused some socialists to reexamine the plausibility of their own theories and even caused some to embrace the free market principles of classic liberalism. Among those former socialists was young Frederick Hayek, who would go on to become one of the 20th century's most influential advocates of free markets and limited government. As Hayek said of his generation in Vienna after World War I, we felt the civilization in which we had grown up had collapsed. We were determined to build a better world, and it was this desire to reconstruct society that led many of us to study economics. Socialism promised to fulfill our hopes for a more rational, more just world. When socialism first appeared in 1922, its impact was profound. It gradually, but fundamentally altered the outlook of many of the young idealists returning to their studies after the First World War. I know I was one of them. Hayek later expanded on the ideas of Mises, giving them in ways that enhanced our understanding not only of why socialism fails, but of why capitalism succeeds. Hayek is perhaps best known for his argument that free markets are able to coordinate the dispersed knowledge of millions of people in a way that maximizes economic efficiency. As Hayek wrote in his 1945 essay, The Use of Knowledge in Society, The peculiar character of the problem of a rational economic order is determined precisely by the fact that the knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form, but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess. The economic problem of society is thus not merely a problem of how to allocate given resources if given is taken to mean given to a single mind which deliberately solves the problems set by these data. It's rather a problem of how to secure the best use of resources known to any of the members of society for ends whose relative importance only these individuals know. Or to put it briefly, it's a problem of the utilization of knowledge which is not given to anyone in its totality. Thus, prices in a free market in addition to enabling us to make economic calculations are also a sophisticated method for communicating knowledge. As Hayek put it, we must look at the price system as such a mechanism for communicating information if we want to understand its real function. I would argue that this Hayekian insight is implicit in the Miesian argument about economic calculation. When governments forcibly intervene in market transactions, they reduce or distort the information that would otherwise flow through market channels. This will generate various problems depending on the severity of the interventions and those problems in turn will typically generate demands for even more intervention. Thus, as interventions multiply and despite the best intentions of planners, a country will become trapped in a downward economic spiral that will terminate in a highly regimented economy. This is the road to serfdom that Hayek described in his best-selling book or as the title of a book Mies has put it, this is the way to plant chaos. I have presented only a bare-bones summary of some arguments by Mises and Hayek against a command economy. Arguments that will already be familiar to many libertarians. But I know that some libertarians have an allergic reaction to economic theory, so I wrote this two-part series in the hope that it will encourage such people to investigate the ideas and writings of Mises and Hayek in more detail. This has been Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. To learn more about libertarian philosophy and history, visit www.libertarianism.org. I'm Terence West. Thanks for listening.