We're here at the Linaro Connect, a Budapest, and who are you? Hey, I'm Syed Mohammad Khasim. I work for Linaro in Android TV, a project. So we have this new project called AOSP TV, which is here. Android AOSP TV. It sounds very interesting. Yeah, it's an AOSP TV lead project from Linaro. So the goal here is to get all the AOSP components for TV from AOSP. Get all the Android TV components from AOSP. And then we build all the other differentiators into that, like integrating our Opti security framework. And then we integrate all the open applications which are available in the open source, like AXO player and Android sample inputs, live TV apps and these things. And then we provide one end-to-end solution for our members, which is called MLCR from Linaro Home Group, which is meant for smart TVs and setup box to just enable the premium services around the Android TV segment. So here we are showing a demonstration, which is like running Android TV on Haiky. So we will be replacing Haiky with one of the Android TV platforms from 96 boards in future, but in order to enable some cool demos, so we started off with Haiky today. So right now it's playing a video. How does the UI look like? The UI looks good. We have not enabled any media accelerators yet. It is all software decoding, which is happening on Haiky. But in future, when we get to the TV platform, we will be enabling media accelerators along with the Android TV components. So I have with me Vincent Shaw. He's from MSTAR and I have Shalu. He's from Shoshonex. So they are working with me in my team doing all the Android TV stuff. So they are mainly the security guys who are helping me with building all the trusted applications for Widevine and Plarity and also integrating the Opti framework with Android TV. So we will be having an end-to-end solution there. So it's basically DRM stuff, right? Yes. So how is it working? Basically we are integrating Opti with YY's DRM technologies and also we can have some media playback for secure things. So there's a logo here showing Netflix and Amazon and some other requirements for specific DRM support, right? Yeah. And this is what you're trying to make work with the open source AUSP TV. Yes. And how does that work? How is it possible to do a DRM in open source? I mean, I'm joking. Yeah, it is possible. Android comes with all DRM stuff. So what we enable is the secure side of things with the Linaros Opti framework, which will actually give the... Like we write the trusted application on the security side and we use all the existing DRM framework and as I said, the media accelerators are not in there. So when we do complete media accelerator integration it will become like an end-to-end secure media playback. So that is the goal of this project to give end-to-end solution. So it's going to support hardware acceleration with DRM somehow. Connect from one to the other and you're able to do this. It's working. We are still working on this part because we have the secure processor and we can switch the secure wall to perform the question and we can keep the career content data in the secure memory and the NINAS kernel cannot access the secure memory. So we can isolate both the NINAS kernel and the secure environment. And so this is quite important. I mean, when I go to China, there's a lot of Android TV boxes but what are they running? Some kind of messy Android, no? Like just some Android from the smartphone they put on a TV box. But this is not as good as... Yeah, I don't know what they're running so I cannot comment on that. But definitely if you want to have GMS, Google applications running on your box then you need to get official certifications from Google so there is a complete process that you need to follow. What we give from Linaro is an intuitive solution with the CTS compatibility so we test the software for CDD compliance so with this software and adding any custom UI and adding the differentiators our members can go to Google with an end solution for getting easy certifications so that will help them to quickly get any kind of certification and GMS. So you work in the open source Linux world, the open source Android and you've been doing Android in Linaro for a while, right? Yeah. So yeah, personally I was part of Android core working group in Linaro and then I was doing all Arm V8 stuff for Linaro so once Arm V8 stuff was done 64-bit Android and other things were done so then I moved to... I was working in different projects now I'm doing Android TV for Linaro. Your work is basically in the pocket of everybody in the world, right? I think so. Because your software is going back into Android everybody's using it. Is Google making Android TV open source or you just say we work in open source we do whatever we want and you start doing even before Google puts it open source or what is it? No, Android TV Google already has everything in open source like AOSP project is completely open source. For the whole Android TV? Yeah, the TV input framework everything is already open source but what we need to do is the hardware abstraction layers for linear devices like antennas or like your HDMI in or video in these kind of things so they need a hardware abstraction layer enabled so those things we add as some live examples on our 96 board TV platform because they have HDMI in and they have a few video in there and like antenna input devices so we enable those input devices along with the IPTV layer as well so it is media over IP as well as media over linear devices so we enable both of these. So how is Android TV different from Android what is just the part it's kind of like one type of Android? So mainly there is very limited difference between Android for mobile and Android for TV but the main differentiation factor here is the TV input framework which Google has provided which is very good and very which gives a clear layer for integrating any TV input devices so that is very good and very neatly done by the Android team at Google but as I said like the linear input devices have to be integrated by the vendor and the hardware abstraction layers have to be implemented and the TV input service should be should be integrated with these hauls and then the live TV channels and live TV app which again Google provides so those things can show up these channels and user can select one of these channels to watch the TV so that way it is very clear for Android TV developers on what path or what framework to exactly change and they don't have to work across all the Android components of Android as such So for example just with M-Star chips there is many smart TV, many TV box do they run many different type of Android out there is it messy and linear is trying to make it better and more smooth right? as the work is happening here right? I think so for now M-Star is using the proprietary Android trunk but we are working with Android and we hope consider using something different like something more open or something what's called more optimized everything better right? so the Android TV experiences will not be fragmented but actually and there will be a big part that means your work is not only in everybody's pocket but it's going to be in everybody's living room yeah so for our members the main value add that we are adding like for M-Star or High Silicon or for the Shoshone X or any so our work is for SOC vendors our work is for content providers our work is for community application developers and the OEMs and ODMs so the work that we are doing as part of MLCR for Android TV it's actually to cater to all these various different end customers or end users so what they get is like an end to end solution of Android and they don't have to really work on the baseline components so baseline components are already developed by us which includes the secure data path secure media playback the complete Android TV input framework with all the linear devices and IPTV devices so all these things are part of our starter kit kind of thing with the 96 board reference platform for TV which is based on the 96 board spec for TV so all these things come as a bundle thing to the end consumer and then they can actually work only on the key differentiating factors like their accelerators or codec accelerators and doing any kind of custom UI or regional specific content that if they want to populate so all these things can be done by the SOC vendors and content providers and they are not they don't have to get distracted with all the baseline software which we have already delivered it to them so they will just be able to ship very good hardware acceleration of all the video and also DRM so they will potentially be more 4K Netflix 4K and Amazon 4K because they will be ready to be approved that it is secure and smooth and fast and everything. Our initial goal is to get wide wine working and then we already had worked on play ready integration with Android so those two things are quick we should be able to provide quickly and also clear key we can make clear key validation also so all these things will is something which we are working towards and everybody who is making an SOC for TV box should work with you right everybody should join you want to have Amlogic Rockchip some other At this point we are really not looking at very low cost segment because that is very competitive and the challenge there is like getting time to market faster and the software experience there will be limited because the SOC that they will be using is not so premium but wherever it is high end setup box or advanced setup box with the latest features of Android and wherever it is with the extended features and functionality there Android TV would really look amazing compared to any other OS that is available for TVs today so how do you feel about working with all these people and the narrow it is fantastic and from different companies everybody join together work together we have common goals and we can have achieve some tasks and it is fun fun work cool thank you


I'd like to take you through another interesting scenario, where a 13-year-old boy by named Murunmai Dev Chandra from Bangladesh came to a hospital and met Dr. Poonam Patil, who's a senior consultant in medical oncology, with a severe swelling of the right thigh and the knee joint and inability to move or walk since nearly two months of duration. This 13-year-old boy who came with a large tumor in his leg and it was painful, swollen and when we examined him, we found that he even had a pathological fracture of the leg. On further evaluation, we found out that he was actually having this progressive swelling in the right lower thigh and the knee, which was rapidly progressing over nearly one and a half to two months time and it had left him bedridden, in fact. So, all the relevant investigations were done and we found out that he was actually suffering from bone cancer, a type called osteosarcoma, which is basically a very aggressive type of cancer. What is unfortunate in the situation is that he had a fracture at the lower part of the thigh bone, that is the femur bone and this complicated a lot of things because there was an extensive tumor spillage and the tumor was was nearly covering up more than 90% of the thigh and the knee component. Still, his PET CT scan indicated that there was no other disease focused anywhere else. So, considering that we would like to give him a benefit of treatment, madam started him on chemotherapy. Now, when this child was treated, we gave him chemotherapy and then took him up for surgery. To our delight, the tumor had responded very well and not only we were able to conserve his limbs, but also the pathology report showed that there was no viable tumor cell in the specimen. After nearly three cycles of chemotherapy and a lot of ups and downs, we actually saw that he had responded pretty well to the chemotherapy regimen on both clinical and radiological aspects. When he presented to us, the situation was so bad that we felt that, you know, we may have to do an emergency amputation to save his life because the tumor component and the spillage was extensive so much so that thinking about saving the limb was pretty difficult or pretty challenging and we were more worried about saving the life because of the enormity of the disease burden in the thigh. But as I said, as a pleasant surprise and the way, you know, the child took the treatment, how strong he was and motivated his family was, that there was an excellent response, you know, under the effect of chemotherapy and actually the bone which was fractured healed back to a certain extent. So then we took a decision to go back, revisit the whole scenario and planning and we counseled the parents and the child and we actually went ahead with saving the limb of the child. So a surgery was done wherein the lower third component of the femur and the knee component was removed and we also saw interoperatively that the spillage was contained so the chemotherapy effect was excellent and after this we actually put across tumor component processes replacing the lower part of the thigh and the knee joint and again it was very reassuring and encouraging for us that the child walked from the second day of the surgery itself. So to have a child who's not walked for nearly five months and who had a very, you know, bleak prospect of his limb being saved to see a great response and nearly 100 percent kill rate as they said on chemotherapy, on evaluation, the specimen is, you know, a really heartening thing to see. What's more important from this scenario is that this again could have been awarded if the child had come early to us. We were in Bangalore at the time. We didn't know anything for the first time. So here we saw that all the doctors and nurses were so friendly and helped each other a lot. Often we neglect bone tumors and we don't treat them properly but like this child we were rewarded with success. So bone cancers are very aggressive and the earlier they come the better the results so please come early, get evaluated and get the best treatment. Thank you.


All right, my name is Michael Bernstein. I'm an associate professor of computer science at Stanford University, and I'm presenting on behalf of myself and my colleagues at Stanford on ethics and society review of artificial intelligence research. Now, I don't think it would surprise anyone to make the observation that AI or artificial intelligence presents societal and ethical risks. It's a horse that's already left the barn. That horse has crossed state lines, raised halfway across the continent, attracted international headlines and landed a shoe company sponsorship. AI systems have been implicated in generating in ranges of issues ranging from generating and propagating disinformation, depressing wages for workers, perpetuating systemic inequality and policing the justice system, advancing unequal health care outcomes and many others. And AI is not unique in needing to face these issues, but it is especially salient today. And we are developing but still have inadequate institutional responses to this challenge. What we need is an approach that requires that everyone pitch in, everyone participate in ethical and societal reflection early on in their research. And there's a lot of really great work happening trying to do things like opt-in approaches like office hours, which are really helpful but only impact those who self-select to participate. And other really helpful approaches such as those requiring broader impact statements in research papers are useful, but again, only written at the end of the research when it's kind of too late in many cases to change what the research is about. Now you'd think that we in the United States could use the IRB or the institutional review board to try and facilitate this kind of reflection. In the US, the common rule, the regulations that govern what IRBs are and are not allowed to do focus very narrowly on risks to human subjects. These are people directly involved in the research and specifically exclude consideration of risks to human society. If you look at the common rule, it talks about not considering these long range effects as risks that are falling within its own purview. So as a result, many IRBs consider artificial intelligence research to be not eligible for review just outside their purview. Now sometimes IRBs will take a broader lens. Microsoft research in particular has a really wonderful program that takes this wider lens, but many, many yet don't. So what we've been working on is something that we call the ESR or Ethics in Society Review, which is an institutional process in collaboration with what is known as HAI or the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence that is trying to facilitate researchers in mitigating these negative ethical and societal aspects of artificial intelligence research. And the main idea behind it is that it becomes a gate to access funding. That is to say HAI has seed funding that they give out and they withhold the funding for the grants that they want to fund until those projects have completed the ESR process, this process that we've developed. What is this process? Well, it looks a little bit like this. Participants, researchers, PIs submit grants to HAI as they normally would. With one difference, they append a short statement to the end of their grants, describing risks that their research might give rise to as it leaves the lab or becomes policy and then articulates principles for how they might mitigate that risk in their research and show how they're planning to instantiate those principles in the research. So that gets submitted alongside the grant. The Funding Institute, in our case, HAI, does its normal merit review deciding which of these seed grants to fund. They then pass the grants that they wish to fund to the ESR faculty panel. So this faculty panel is quite interdisciplinary in its first instantiation. It included faculty from anthropology, communication, computer science, history, management science, medicine, many others. This panel reads the grants and the statements, provides feedback, suggests additional mitigations, whatever is appropriate. And eventually, as this iteration with the researchers concludes, makes its recommendation a positive recommendation to the funding program to go ahead and release the funding and allow the researchers to get access to it and begin the work. So the ESR at Stanford University, where we created it, has been going for a bit over one year. It reviewed over 40 funded research proposals in its first year. And just to give a sense of how this has been going, all of the Hoffman-E grants, these are the larger multi-year grants, and then 29% of these one-year smaller seed grants were asked to iterate with the ESR. So what happened? What's working? What's not? What's being learned? Just to give a sense of how this works, I'll focus on this case study of one project that was doing stress sensing. So for workers, being able to identify when they're getting stressed out. Now the researchers named concerns in their ESR statements saying that there might be surveillance by employers, by governments as a possible risk, but they sort of stopped there and said, well, that's all we can say. So the panel feedback asked the researchers to come back with specific research principles and designs that will mitigate those risks as the research is done and as it eventually potentially becomes a product. The ESR, a subset of ESR met with the PIs to discuss the feedback. And eventually the researchers came back with a proposed privacy preserving architecture and a commitment to use their bully pulpit as researchers to explain why that architecture was important in papers and in public talks. So we ended up doing a survey of all of the researchers who were involved in these seed grants who intersected with ESR, about two thirds of them got back to us. We did a number of interviews with researchers who responded to the survey. Again, a number of them got back to us. And then we also analyzed what was said by the ESR.  Every single person who engaged with us, this was a surprise to us, was absolutely willing to engage with the ESR process again. No one said that they were not willing to go through this again. And in fact, about over half said that this process had influenced the design of their research. It led to changes in how they actually were going about their research. Keep in mind that these individuals may have done no more than simply writing a statement and getting written feedback from the ESR and still over half of them so that it influenced their research. The main benefits that came out through the interviews was that the ESR served as a forcing function and a commitment mechanism.  So PI here in social science said that this requirement led me to engage with my co-PI because as a psychologist, I wasn't aware of some of these ethical implications and it helped me basically have a conversation with them. Many of these interviews said that it raised new issues that they hadn't thought about. So here's a PI in engineering saying that they ended up considering flipping their entire research approach to lead with privacy, which was not their initial approach. And they acknowledged they don't have the answers but it's helped them quite a bit. Main drawback that we heard was still they wanted more scaffolding. Don't just give us an opportunity to reflect on this, tell us how to structure our thoughts. How should we be thinking about this? We kept the statement intentionally brief but they wanted more detail. So this is a representative quote where a PI in the School of Medicine said, tell us how big these issues really are. Give us a sort of Richter scale. It didn't really help us make these decisions about whether these risks were outweighing the positives or not, asking for foundational bedrock things that were in the prompt. It's worth the juices worth the squeeze but it would help scaffold the researcher rather than just having a blank page. So the common themes were that some subgroups who might be harmed in the feedback. Another theme in the feedback was are all the relevant stakeholders included? How might this be reappropriated by motivated actors and who isn't is not in the data? About 80% of proposals got new issues to think about. Generally, people felt that the ESR should be able to recommend that the project not be funded in the worst case but strongly prioritized iteration over that kind of brute force. So that's been our experience in the first year of the ESR. Thank you so much to the UN group for their support and we'd be happy to work with you if you're interested in starting in such a process at your university.


The Scottish Parliament's in-house think tank has embarked on a programme exploring what the country might look like in the year 2030. The presiding officer, right honourable Ken Macintosh MSP, watched a Scotland 2030 programme run by Scotland's Futures Forum. Speakers included songwriter and essayist Caryn Pollwart and Chris Van Dracoyle, the video games developer and brains behind the rise of Minecraft. I'm delighted to be here tonight to talk to Scotland's Futures Forum because I think we're right on the cusp of something huge in our society. The fourth industrial revolution is just around the corner, technologically led, and if we don't take advantage of that now in building the right foundations to prepare Scotland for that, we'll have even bigger challenges than we face today. You can find out more about the Scotland 2030 programme and Scotland's Futures Forum through our website or join the debate on Twitter.


using digital technology to enhance and evaluate interprofesional education. This project was delivered and developed by UCD and in UI Galway, and these are the partner names. Really, an overview in terms of the aim of the project was to implement and evaluate the impact of an online IP programme designed to promote collaborative practice within undergraduate healthcare disciplines. And the principle on depending it really was that if health professional students could learn together and work together, they would better be prepared really for collaborative practice and teamwork. Because a lot of the healthcare professionals really don't meet their other disciplines until they actually go out and practice. So it was trying to start that up of getting to know each other, getting their understanding of their roles and their professions and working collaboratively. There were the principles on depending it. We ran two pilots and this is just a refresher. Pilot one was 2014-2015. We had 166 students and at that stage we were using the value exchange network online system. The focus of the programme really was on values and ethics. And at that stage only nursing students were receiving any credits for the programme. We re-evaluated the programme and then we pilot two in 2015-2016 and we had 231 undergraduate students, again between UCD and ourselves. The content this time focused on roles and responsibilities, communication and teamwork, which were the key criteria of interprofessional learning. And we used a new online platform called Curator. And the big plus was that all students except medicine actually at that stage got 2.5 ECTSs, so actually they were getting credits. They were the major changes between the two programmes. In terms of what we found when we did the second pilot, or what we did rather we developed and evaluated the programme. We delivered it using Curator. We created student and facilitator handbooks specific in relation to the Curator programme. And we also did an introductory training video on how to navigate the system. Because some of the issues that we had come from the previous evaluation were to do with difficulties with use of face and difficulties with navigating the system. So we improved the system, the evaluation the last time around really through 57 interviews with students and facilitators, 12 facilitators. Really the students and staff reported more positive experience overall in pilot 2. They found that the system was easier to navigate. They found that the students really engaged more than they had done the previous time. And there was evidence of clear understanding of each other's roles and that really both the staff and the students overall enjoyed the learning experience by working on Curator. So overall we felt it had done well. That was the presenting, I'm just giving a summary, I've already presented this in March, it's just a summary of the results. So what we did since March, in terms of our project was a one-year project and the National Forum graciously gave us an extension on two lines of the budget. One was in relation to developing the Curator platform and the other was in relation to promotions and publications. And the good news is we'll be returning 26,000 of our moneys actually to the forum at the end of, well at now basically. What we did then was we continued to work and I suppose this actually links in with sustainability when we come later on. We've continued to work on the project with UCD. We've modified Curator. One of the issues we had with Curator was it doesn't allow you to give direct student feedback online like Blackboard if those of you are familiar with Blackboard. So we actually developed a system in Curator where the facilitators could actually upload their feedback and the students would automatically see it direct. So it was a much clearer way of doing it. So we've done that. We also developed two videos specific for the programme in relation to really looking, it's to do with two people and they actually told their story of the difficulties they had when they decided that they wanted to actually have a child and the preconceptions that people had about their ability to actually go ahead and have a child on their own and people were saying to them that they were senseless and what were they doing. And that was the first video where the lady talks about being pregnant and the different concerns and worries she had and the fact that her own cerebral palsy was a result of a birth injury and how concerned she was. And the fear of actually the baby being taken away from her and her rights being infringed upon. And the students were given that initially and they were asked what would they do if in this scenario should Sarah, as a lady's name, should Sarah actually be allowed to look after the baby in her own at home or actually should really somebody step in and should she be cared for and really is this really somebody being reckless as it were. And the students commented on that and they took a position. And then we showed them the second video where she's had the baby and the child now is four years old and her fears, what actually happened, how well she managed after coming home from hospital and really the fear of the public health nurse coming in and taking over that the OT coming in and taking over and still maintaining their independence and able to manage on their own and the whole notion of civil liberties and equality and rights and being treated the same. And it was interesting, the students within asked would you change your opinion from what you said in the first now that you know the full story. And a significant number of the students said that they would now look at it differently that yes they would change their opinion. Whereas previously they had said no way should this person be left on their own that these two couple cannot cope. We need to put structures in place. The OT needs to go in. The public health nurse certainly must be going in on a regular basis. And then when they heard the story afterwards they said gosh I never looked at it like that before or seeing it from the other perspective. So it was really quite good in terms of challenging. That's just a snippet. There were other things in relation to it but that was just a snippet in relation to those two videos. The final assessment we changed is based on a group presentation. We tried wikis, you may remember the last time around and really it just didn't work. So this time around what we did was every week we got the students to actually they're doing it at the minute, it's not finished. We've the students do a presentation on five key points that they have to agree is a group. Now you may remember the groups are interprofessional so they're mixed groups and they're also mixed across institutions. So they have to work together to actually develop the key points that they want to talk about in relation to that presentation. We haven't marked that presentation but we give them detailed feedback and then in week, now, the end they actually have to do a group presentation which between the whole group that they've been working on based on some of the principles that they've covered and got feedback on each week and they have a choice, they can upload it as a video that they've created between each other or they can do it as a voice over with power points. Whichever way they choose so we're expectingly waiting to see what we're actually going to get from the students. But they seemed actually I was just saying to one of the other colleagues here was saying that some of the facilitators were concerned about leaving it so open you know, gosh, should we really pin it down and maybe we'll get them to write an essay and we'll get them to do that. So anyway, we managed to convince everybody let's give them a chance and see what they actually come up with. I think they'll probably surprise us but we'll see. The other main thing that we managed to achieve which is the really good we managed to get credit for medical students they hadn't had credit before and they now will have credit for this. It'll work differently for them in that the credit is going to be a pay forward in that they do an elective module they do a short service module in year four of their program and if they do the IPL they'll get their credits for that and they couldn't change the curriculum but hopefully we will change it for next year but the great thing is that they actually got credits. Okay, looking at the impacts we have two papers presented at 16th a health care interdisciplinary research conference in Dublin in 2015 paper presented at the social care annual conference in 2016 papers presented at the altogether better health in September poster at the ed tech conference in Limerick a paper at the Urusol conference in Cork and a paper at the Kelt annual higher education symposium a paper at the IPL Dublin 2015 the health and social care and professional learning conference in Dublin Castle the other impacts have been the college IPL team is now firmly established we started off a bit on shaky ground but we're actually now much more firmly established within the college and I report back at the college executive meeting I think we've got two or three meetings a semester in terms of the ongoing work that's been done we've had discussions and presentations and with other disciplines external examiners have been really interested in learning what we're doing and wanting to replicate it in their own institutions the professional bodies such as the NMBI the nursing and medical board of Ireland the medical what's the medical board exactly they had a review as well and they were impressed with this initiative and the quality review panels looking at the courses between the university we just happened to have one last year we're very impressed with the fact that this initiative they saw as being really a trailblazer and should be done in other institutions also it's impacted on clinical colleagues because they've actually come back and said I hear you're doing this, it's great tell us more about it because really the students are saying they've been talking to some of the medical students before they actually are the physiotherapist students before they actually hit the technical areas so that's been positive as well we've had facilitators report increase confidence and confidence in online facilitation I don't want to underestimate the challenge this can be to I myself have to say that I'm not a techy person by any strength of the imagination but for some people building their confidence took a lot of work to keep them on board to say it's going to be okay, we have the training you can do this and that actually does take a lot of time but when I was putting together this for the report here and I sent it around to them and I was saying what do you want to say, is there anything and I think the majority of them maybe there was one that I didn't get a response from said I actually have increased confidence in using online increased confidence and also from the fact of being part of the IPL team I feel like I ring up and they do they'll ring up the phone, they'll talk to each other colleagues because they actually, although we're in the same building some people didn't know each other at all from the different disciplines so that kind of has helped to break down some of those barriers so it's enhanced professional collaboration with other lectures IPL is a key element in design of new curriculum and at the moment we're undergoing a new curriculum as some of my nursing colleagues here will know in terms of developing that curriculum IPL is going to be a key part of that curriculum and it's also in terms of medicine who are also developing theirs speech and language developed their curriculum last year and they have put in IPL as a key element within theirs as well so it's getting more recognition and this has helped to do that engagement and collaboration with health service users in developing the video material which was really good, they were very keen they knew what we were trying to do and really the video is really good in terms of trying to get the message across in terms of the roles of different professionals in caring for people with disabilities and not infringing on people's rights the majority of students reported they enjoy the learning experience better understanding of their roles when they meet in clinical areas student engagement was enhanced with the gamification aspect they liked the fact that they had the XP points and they could see on the leader board how they were doing and that actually prompted engagement we have two quantitative papers Targaryen, the first one and the second one we have two quantitative papers targeted well, the two 1500 word reports one is on students attitudes pre and post completion of online IP program and that finalised draft now is with the team it's actually finished, it's more or less finished it's going to go to the Journal of Interprofessional Care and we will do a similar one with the evaluation survey results we have a 5000 word paper fully drafted it's at its final draft and it's with the team at the moment and that's for the Interprofessional Education the Journal of Interprofessional Education in professional care as well this one actually is the overall is the facilitators and the barriers in relation to online IP program so the monies that we had left that we asked for the extension for this is an open access journal so we'll actually be using the fees to actually pay for the costs of those in terms of impact on organisational practises and systems there is really a strong commitment to IPL now within the college and actually I have had other disciplines like social care asking social workers or others can we actually how do we come on board, can our students really value and I'm going yes that's great and I'm going oh my god how am I going to do this but anyway it's really positive in that sense it's now one of our strategic aims within the college not just for each of the school disciplines but the knowledge of medicine nursing and sciences we have administrative support supplied by the college and that's how we were able to continue running the program that's now in place and the plan is that it will continue and we have increased collaboration across the disciplines in terms of culture the impact is a commitment to IPL disciplines timetables so they're actually looking to see every year now where it is occurring on the timetable and giving it a priority because one of the key challenges was for us at the beginning trying to find a place for it to belong in the timetables and trying because some of the people on the IPL committee they're not the module leaders of the particular module that's being delivered so trying to argue their stance that actually we want to keep this when something else kind of jiggles in has been a challenge but actually this year we had no problem other disciplines wanting to get involved and we've had approach from UL they would like to now join this initiative online the only problem we have is that they use Moodle as opposed to so we need to look at that my other colleague from UCD who was the lead from UCD Tara Magdalinski she has moved to Australia and she's saying let's run it from Australia and let's put it on I'm thinking well the time difference is going to make that a challenge so we'll see what we can do there's a recognition that online may make IPL possible. One of the things and the challenges in interprofesial learning has been to do with the fact that you've got large numbers the timetabling and actually the resources to get people in the same space at the same time making IPL really a non-runner but people even though this was a small initiative there is now recognition actually you can make a difference if you do an online programme that actually can deliver you a better interprofesial learning experience for students. There's much more discussion on campus reIPL certainly in terms of locally I've been invited to talk to different disciplines about how we managed to get it up and running and how we implemented it. Sustainability as I said the funding ended in March I think the sustainability in a way has already started as you can see we're still running the programme we're making plans for next year already in terms of some changes that we may like to make to the programme but we'll wait until it's finished admin support is in place and that'll be in place going forward there's a firm commitment by the IPL team who've become really IPL champions they really have gone out and actually sold the IPL and initially they really felt well I've been assigned to get on this committee by the head of school and I'm here because I was told to be here but now actually it's changed and they can see that the students really really like it and I think that's what sold it to be honest we're in the process of introducing a pilot half day IPL simulated learning session in semester two and that's going to occur in May we're going to do it as a pilot a group of students I think we're looking at about 12 students and we're going to video them and we're going to try and see in terms of how that works and we've created we've learnt from our experience that the scenarios that we're creating initially you remember there were two dynamic we had the midwifery and there was a dementia patient and they couldn't link up between the two and we were trying to cater the scenarios for everybody in terms of we had a COPD, a guy coming in with a COPD whose niece was with him but she was heavily pregnant so that was to get the midwifery students involved but they saw truth they said what do I need to know about dementia she's pregnant so what I can deal with that but she's not the problem so it was a bit of a difficulty they said well actually you know maybe you need to be more develop the scenarios for the different groups and have different ones and we've done that this time and we're going to roll that out now into the simulation process and one of the one of the my colleagues actually on the back of the IPL put in for some funding to the local we have a millinium funding in NUIG and it gives you about 5,000 for start young early researchers so she actually put in a funding to research this part of the simulation so which is really great so we're going to have some funding from that to help to do some of the focus groups and some of the interviews and stuff like that so that will be good so in terms of mapping to the key recommendations of the digital roadmap there's no question it has built digital capacity in terms of facilitators for sure and myself for sure in terms of being less daunted by curator or even realising that pressing the button won't really cause everything to fall apart it's okay, it'll be alright and that actually the interface really important to have an easy to use interface and we've used our own experiences and maybe fears to help develop the curator system make it better we've engaged students as partners in the process they're actually involved in the they were involved in the steering committee and they fed back to us in terms of how they felt things were or were not working and we responded appropriately and as fast as we could in terms of what their concerns was innovative design and use of space accommodating formula and learning opportunities I suppose I interpreted this in terms of one of the things we found is that and this is the panel may have a different view on this one of the things we found is that the students actually when they were engaging this time around a lot of them started to engage off the program now when I mean by off the program they had the opportunity to meet face to face and we encouraged that but they started doing it on Facebook and actually engaging on Facebook some of my colleagues were horrified because they felt and I as I said it may be the perception I'd be interested in the panel's viewpoint they felt oh my god we're not seeing the discussion this is terrible you know part of it they should be doing it on Curator it needs to occur there and the interaction was different and I felt well isn't it great that they're talking and they're doing it on Facebook does it really matter do we really need to see the discussion because they have an indeciment anyway that they have to do and if that is happening some space is that not a good thing so the jury's out so I'd be interested to hear what people think maybe I'm wrong staff and students are more familiar and more at ease with the technology we do have a little we run it in semester one so it finishes at the end of semester one and at that time it comes around to the next year we do a little kind of heebie jeebies because it's a while since people have switched on Curator and getting people familiar again and that does happen and I think that happens even with blackboards so it's no different and contribution to a strong evidence base for enhanced pedagogy that's evidenced by the publications and the presentations that we actually have done and are in the process of actually hopefully getting published and basically that's it


People don't have to say that, but it's always most enjoyable when the fortune admission that I have gets to actually see the people that we're most designed to protect and to benefit. The people who are in another way of characterizing some of the things that Dr. Baldwin's describing, but to me, the heretics, the transgressors. You transgress norms, you transgress an effective way and norms shift. What my role is is to make sure that that transgression is something that's protected and enabled. Large companies that have technology and want to control markets are not able to do so, not through their patents anyway. And so 10 years ago, IBM, Red Hat, Nobel, Sony, and EC and Philips got together and recognized that we were in the middle of a phase shift, the likes of which we'd never seen before. We were shifting from the world of siloed invention where we were dabbling in open source to a world where we were having to be all in if we wanted to really trigger the kind of change that this could create. The kind of world where 1 plus 1 plus 1 doesn't equal 3, but it equals 6 or 10 or 20 where we're able to innovate in ways that we couldn't even comprehend previously. And so if we want to build on each other and stand on each other's shoulders to create new value and to alter the global economy for innovation, we needed protection and we needed protection from companies that had patents that didn't want to see what the world changed. They wanted to see the same atrophy that we've been living with and the same marginalization of the human spirit and of human potential. Fortunately, we're now in a position where we've escaped from that marginalization where you're free to create no matter where you are in the world and you're free to work with people wherever they are in the world. And we don't have to do it in Silicon Valley. We don't have to do it in Route 128 in Boston. We don't have to do it in RTP. We don't have to do it in Sofi Antipolis. We don't have to do it in Tokyo, Japan. We can do it wherever we are. And this phenomenon is something that I have a great deal of pride in supporting and enabling in some small way. Quietly, OIN in the last 10 years has emerged to become the largest patent on aggression community in the history of technology. We have, as Venki said, we have 1,700 close to 1,700 participants in our community now. We're adding close to two a day. We had 200 licensees last quarter, 150 and a quarter before, 140 and a quarter before that. What we're seeing is that there's a cultural transformation at foot where companies are recognizing that where we collaborate we shouldn't be using patents to be able to slow or stall on progress. Where we compete, if we choose to use patents, if we choose to just invent utilizing defensive publications to prevent others from patenting our ideas. Sofi, that's your choice. But what we're doing is defining the zone of patent collaboration and of technological collaboration that exists through major projects and minor projects around the world. Whether it be Linux, whether it be the massive success that the open source community is seeing with OpenStack defining many of the scope and frame of the cloud of the future. Whether it be in a very significant project that often gets overlooked that Professor Moglen, in terms of Apache, the incredible creativity of Apache has been leveraged in so many other projects and is supporting companies. Hortonworks is really the second pure play public company that's traded in North America behind Red Hat and seeing it go public I think gives us a great deal of encouragement for others to go public so that we have more and more true open source companies that the market can invest in and that we can look to as leaders in the world. And so OIN is an open community designed to enable freedom of action and freedom to operate so that you can make choices so that your customers can make choices so that the people who collaborate with you can make choices. And so we are making a major effort since January of this year to spend much more time in India, in China to be able to ensure that there's inclusivity that the technological might, the expertise, the experience that's represented here can be part of the global community and that global projects can start here and they are not the province purely of again Silicon Valley or some other country in the world. So we can leverage the strengths and experience in this community to be able to drive innovation from here because there's no hint nor tail to the open source community. It's not about IBM investing a billion dollars a year since 1999 and having some birthright to drive the open source initiatives around the world or for Google or for Red Hat or anyone else. You have the ability to drive from here and to be able to impact major changes and we want to be able to support you and enable freedom of action as participants of our community and as people who pledge to not aggression in the areas where we are interdependent and where we rely on each other to be able to grow amazing technologies. So thank you, it's a pleasure to be here with you and I think I'll turn it over to you. Thank you.


Morners' wave-in white Kenneth Kaunda's trademark flags gathered at a Lusaka stadium for a state memorial service for Zambia's first president, who died last month, aged 97. Neatly distanced in compliance with COVID-19 social distancing rules, scores of Morners stood on the terraces, distancing, of course, the singing solemn music played by military band. A hero of the struggle against white rule in southern Africa, Kaunda, on the 17th of June, at a military hospital died, where he had been admitted. He also always carried a white flag, an item that, of course, he said symbolized peace, which he started carrying while incarcerated during the struggle for independence. A casket draped in the Zambian flag was driven on a gun carriage into a 60,000 capacity national hero's stadium and placed under a white marquis. Foreign dignitaries in Lusaka, too, of course, to pay their respects include South African president Siru Ramafosa, Urdu Kenyatta of Kenya, and Ganesh Danakufuadu, as well as junior foreign minister, James Dodridge, representing Zambia's former ruler. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi, my name is Mark Baum. I am a Senior FileMaker Developer at FileMaker Incorporated, part of a team here that creates internal solutions for the company. Would you like some guidance creating more elegant and intuitive interfaces? Well, Apple has created the Human Interface Guidelines, and I'd like to share some examples of FileMaker solutions that put those principles into action. So come and join me at the FileMaker Developer Conference this July in San Antonio, Texas. Hope to see you there.


This video shows about how a village cooperative support the small-scale fishery welfare by providing them a one-stop solution of fishery logistics, storage, and even loans. Blanakan District is a coastal area in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. Here, fishing is the most important livelihood option for the local community. It has been contributing to the economy for many years. Blanakan is where the village unit cooperative Mina Fajarsidik developed their business units. Established in 1958, Mina Fajarsidik has been operating to serve small-scale fishery communities. It benefits the communities through various business units, which are affordable for small-scale fisheries. Among the business unit's area, saving and loans, fisheries supply and logistics, ice factory, as well as fishing port and auction sign. The cooperative supports the fishers by providing many of their operation needs. Namely, the cooperative supports the fishers' needs for fuel for sailing. And to store the fish, the cooperative provides ice blocks from their ice-block machine facility. We have to be able to fulfill the fishers' needs, even during bad weather that reduces the fishers' income due to their low catch. But they still have to feed the family. The cooperative has to be there for them. We provide them rice during this kind of low season. We provide them with the needs of their homes. When the conditions are like that, the cooperative must be present in the middle of the sea with the help of the fishers. Fish Auction Site is the most essential business unit, as it helps in high-economic activity and turnover, and ensures the community has affordable fisheries resources. In 2022, the Fish Auction Site has produced 3,533 tons of fish, with a significant amount, especially for a small-scale fishing landing site total of $2 million or around 31 billion rupiah. In order to operate well and be able to give back to the fishers' community, the fishing auction business model collects contributions from members, buyers, and business unit. The auction business model allows the cooperative to charge fees 11% of total sales from fishers and 8% from buyers. From these fees, a portion will be returned to fishers and buyers to improve their welfare. This contribution is agreed by all sectors. This is how the cooperative works. Both members and fishers fill the mutual benefit. Why many fishers come to us is because the auction provides all their needs. We provide their needs of fuel, ice blocks, and others, including emergencies. We are there for them. Each cooperative has its own rule. Before, we didn't spare any money from our selling. The cooperatives take a 10% to 11% commission from the members, which will be sprayed to low season 8, emergency and saving funds. Every year, the cooperatives disperse those funds as needed. Each cooperative has its own rule. Every year, the cooperatives disperse those funds as needed. The auction operates daily from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. It starts as soon as the fish, the auctioneer, the buyers and sellers are ready. The auction is organized by the dedicated team of the cooperatives. Two staff are responsible for their note-taker and transaction. The auction is performed fairly with a price that is set by the auctioneer based on yesterday's market price. This method helps to protect the buyer and seller from middlemen. If their catches were not sold, the sales of the buyer is the fish feed miller. So, all of their catches, fresh and spoiled, are sold. We feel that we are getting the total benefit. The auction price is higher, which is driven by many traders while the middlemen usually set lower prices. Mina Fajarsidik makes sure that the auction place remains clean and hygienic. Using available water, up to six employees are scheduled for regular cleaning. Succeeding to maintain the cleanliness and production helps earning support from the government. The government provides facilities like pickup trucks as well as fishing equipment. Other than the government funds support, Fajarsidik also implements cross-up cities to support smallholder fishers' welfare. The success of collaborative management relies on the consistency of members' participation because they are the one who own and operate the cooperative. There is one challenge of a fish auction. The transaction of collective catch reduces the smallholder fishers' earnings because the larger fishers will bring more catches to the smallholder. The higher the fish supply, the lower is the fish price. For instance, with the low supply, the price may reach 50,000 rupiahs, while oversupply may lower the price to 40,000 rupiahs. So, the smallholder fisher would actually lose 10,000 rupiahs. Therefore, the cooperatives must be able to manage this loss by providing facilities to all members, including the smallholders. Minna Fajarsidik realizes the loophole of the auction so they solve it by what they call subsidizing the smallholder. Minna Fajarsidik Village Cooperative Unit has been a platform to small-scale fisheries for six decades. It will continue to assist the welfare and deliver substantial benefits for more than 3,000 fishers in this West Java coastal area. So, what have we learned? 1. The cooperative goal is to benefit members through affordable offerings and profit sharing. 2. Cooperatives provide financial support to their members, including saving and loans with favorable terms to members. 3. The auction helps fishers to sell their catches immediately and avoid post-harvest losses with immediate payment. 4. The success of the cooperative relies on members' participation.


Hello and welcome to the session. The given question says, evaluate the following definite integral as limit of sums. Ninth is integral x plus e raised to the power 2x into dx the lower limit of integration is 0 and upper limit is 4. By the definition of limit of sums integral fx dx from a to b is defined as b minus a limit as n approaches to infinity 1 by n the value of the function at the point a plus f a plus h plus so on up to f a plus n minus 1 into h where h is equal to b minus a upon n such that when n approaches to infinity h approaches to 0. So this is the key idea with the help of which we shall be evaluating the following definite integral. Let us now start with the solution. Here when comparing the given definite integral integral x plus e raised to the power 2x dx from 0 to 4 the integral fx dx from a to b we find that fx is equal to x plus e raised to the power 2x a which is the lower limit of integration is 0 and b is equal to 4. Therefore h which is equal to b minus a upon n is 4 minus 0 upon n which is equal to 4 by n. Therefore by the formula of limit of sum we have integral x plus e raised to the power 2x dx from 0 to 4 is equal to 4 minus 0 limit as n approaches to infinity 1 by n and the value of the function at the point a a plus e raised to the power 2a plus the value of the function at the point a plus h this is given by a plus h plus e raised to the power 2 times of a plus h plus so on up to now we have to find the value of the function at the point a plus n minus 1 into h. So we have a plus n minus 1 into h plus e raised to the power 2 times of a plus n minus 1 into h this is for the equal to 4 limit as n approaches to infinity 1 upon n now here the term a is n times taking h common because we have 1 plus 2 plus so on up to n minus 1 then plus e raised to the power 2a plus e raised to the power 2a into e raised to the power 2h plus so on up to e raised to the power 2a into e raised to the power 2 times of n minus 1 into h this is for the equal to 4 limit as n approaches to infinity 1 upon n a appears n times so we have n a plus h sum of first n minus 1 natural numbers is given by n minus 1 into n upon 2 plus e raised to the power 2a taking common we have 1 plus e raised to the power 2h plus so on up to e raised to the power 2 times of n minus 1 into h. We have a geometric progression whose first term is a and common ratio that is the ratio between any two consecutive term is r then the sum of n terms is given by a into r raised to the power n minus 1 upon r minus 1. So, here we have the geometric progression 1 plus e raised to the power 2h plus so on up to e raised to the power 2 times of n minus 1 into h so here the common ratio is e raised to the power 2h which we get e raised to the power 2h divided by 1 is equal to e raised to the power 4h divided by e raised to the power 2h and so on we get e raised to the power 2h as the common ratio and the first term is 1 therefore this is equal to 1 into e raised to the power 2nh minus 1 upon e raised to the power 2h minus 1. Therefore, this can further be written as limit as n approaches to infinity 4 by n na plus h n minus 1 into n upon 2 plus e raised to the power 2h into e raised to the power 2nh minus 1 upon e raised to the power 2h minus 1. Now, the lower limit of integration a is 0 and h is equal to 4 by n. So, we have limit as n approaches to infinity taking 1 upon n inside the square bracket we have here 4 and from here we have a plus n cancels out within we have h into n minus 1 upon 2 plus e raised to the power 2a upon n into e raised to the power 2nh minus 1 upon e raised to the power 2h minus 1. Now, we have 4 limit as n approaches to infinity a is 0 plus value of h is 4 by n. So, we have 4 upon 2 1 minus 1 by n plus e raised to the power 2a upon n into e raised to the power 2 into n and h is 4 by n minus 1 upon e raised to the power 2 into 4 by n minus 1. This is further equal to 4 limit as n approaches to infinity 2 1 minus 1 by n plus e raised to the power 2a upon n into e raised to the power 8 minus 1 upon e raised to the power 8 upon n minus 1. This is equal to 4 limit as n approaches to infinity 2 times of 1 minus 1 by n plus e raised to the power 2a into e raised to the power 8 minus 1 or independent of n. So, we have limit as n approaches to infinity 4 upon n into 1 upon e raised to the power 8 upon n minus 1 and as n approaches to infinity 1 upon n approaches to 0. So, we have 4 into 2 plus a is the lower limit of integration which is 0 and this problem. So, we have e raised to the power 0 into e raised to the power 8 minus 1 limit as n approaches to infinity 4 by n upon e raised to the power 8 upon n minus 1. This is further equal to 8 plus e raised to the power 0 is 1. So, we have e raised to the power 8 minus 1 limit as n approaches to infinity multiplying and dividing by 2. Here we have 1 by 2 in the numerator and in the denominator let us take 8 upon n. So, we have e raised to the power 8 upon n minus 1 upon 8 upon n. Now, limit as x approaches to 0 e raised to the power x minus 1 upon e raised to the power x is equal to 1 minus 1 limit x approaches to a f x upon g x is equal to limit as x approaches to a f x upon limit as x approaches to 8 g x. So, this can be simplified as 8 plus e raised to the power 8 minus 1. Now, here limit n approaches to infinity half is half and as n approaches to infinity then 8 upon n approaches to 0. Therefore, applying limit as x approaches to 0 e raised to the power x minus 1 upon e raised to the power x here x is 8 upon n. So, this implies the value of the denominator is 1. So, we have 8 plus e raised to the power 8 minus 1 upon 2. This is further equal to 16 plus e raised to the power 8 minus 1 upon 2 and this is equal to 15 plus e raised to the power 8 upon 2. Thus, on evaluating the given definite integral our answer is 15 plus e raised to the power 8 upon 2. This completes the session. Hope you have understood it. Bye and take care.


Good morning, everybody. This is House Wednesday. We're having a slightly late start this morning, but we are all here, almost all here on age 556. Representative back is going to join us a little later that he should be in before we finished and want to welcome. I'm going to turn the floor over to you. I introduce yourself for the record and then tell us about the bills. I'm Representative Catherine Sims, and I'm from Baxbury, and I am really grateful for the opportunity to be here with you all to talk about age 56 and as relating to exempting property owned by Vermont recognized tribes from property tax. I introduced this bill and pressure with the tribes and my co-sponsors to recognize that Vermont lands are the historic and current territories of a lot of people and the stewardship of these lands was removed from the avidaki when the Europeans made Vermont a state. 1791 and before a taxing structure existed. So if passed the property tax exemption would apply to property owned by a tribe or an associated nonprofit, provided that the personal was used for tribal purposes, and it wasn't least rented for profit. And the property would be exempt from both municipal property tax and the statewide education property tax. And, you know, while many of the tribes have nonprofit status, they could use to seek exemption. So this bill I think is an important step to recognize the sovereignty of the avidaki. And my understanding is the exemption would currently apply to four parcels in Vermont. And I believe that it would have a diminutive impact. The development of this bill has been a collaboration with the four tribes and the Vermont Commission on Native American Affairs and I'm glad that as I've been here and he can speak. So this bill is a good process and the native perspective of this bill. Personally, I see this is a really important next step, following up on the eugenics apology of last year and the free access to hunting and fishing rights of the previous session. So this is the opportunity to talk to you all about it. I'd be happy to answer any questions now. Do you can you tell us where the properties are you say there's four. Right. So there, there are four existing parcels that are either owned by the recognize tribes or nonprofits. So one is in Barton. The other one is down in the broader area. The only parcel of art in one of them. And there's a swatney property owned by Francisco and then Brunswick Springs. Brunswick Springs is the first. Oh, okay. Okay. Where is Brunswick Springs. Thank you for asking. I think in the far corners of the Northeast. Yeah, that's where Brunswick is right. And those four parcels represent the sort of diversity of ownership to our own tribe itself and it's just quite parcel and property is held by Vermont land trust. This is the tribe and the property is held by the nonprofit for the benefit. Okay, another question. Yeah. Acreage numbers at all for these properties. I believe in aggregate it's about 150 acres. They range from very small parcels. Pretty, pretty modest. Yeah. How about the dollar figure. So you don't have a JFO yet, but my understanding is that it's roughly $11,000. Yeah, but so, but we need to know what the municipal impact is as well. So we'll get a fiscal note if we decide to move back on the bill. But they don't, they don't do it until we fast forward. So. Let's say that anyone else. Yeah. Representative Odie had a question. Thank you. So would you welcome, would you also be asking for not to have to pay property and move of tax payments similar taxes on those things. Yeah, so the, the intent or effort of the bill is to recognize the sovereignty of the community tribes and their stewardship of these lands before we had the taxing structure. So the principle here is not taxing land held by our indigenous community. Do you think the indigenous community might decide to buy more land. I think that's a great question for the affected community. Yeah, thanks for coming in. You have and I spoke in a little bit over the phone and also I spoke to Mr. Ben on the phone also. I don't know 10 days ago or something to that effect. And I'm completely comfortable with the concept I think it's a great idea. I'm not sure if the committee would want to put some, some guardrails or something about it I can imagine a tribe obtaining a thousand acres and doing who knows what with it.  But down the road who knows what happens and so. The existing lands are more than that. I think it's fine idea. I'm just wondering generally what this committee does is to look into the limits or the, you know, impact over time of something and so I just raise that for the committee as a something to ponder as we work our way through. And wrestling with those important questions. Thank you for your testimony this morning, representative, the, the four parcels or the four towns that you mentioned are those property that are owned by the tribes in all four cases or since there's also the possibility of just looking at the language here, the nonprofit organization that's organized for the purpose. So, as I mentioned, the swan property is the quarters for the sixth way. And that is. The property, for example, is owned by Abenaki, helping Abenaki and nonprofit. So that represents two different approaches right now. Specifically for the purposes of tribal purposes where the swan property is owned by the tribes. What about the other two. I believe runs with springs is also quite although they're being processed as transferring that to their nonprofit. And the only parcel in Brattleboro I believe is currently held actually by the front land trust on behalf of recognizing that from many of the having funds to cover property taxes is a burden and limits the ability to double parcels. So just, I mean I know it's 150 acres and small so small amount to begin with some of it either currently is or could be exempt because of the nonprofit status of the owner of that. So, as mentioned in the direction I think many of the tribes have the ability to potentially seek tax exempt status for the process of backup now. And yet this feels at least to me like an important effort to recognize the sovereignty of Abenaki. I think it's also very exciting that you know it right now, so that's a conversation it's a town by town conversation where one might one town might choose to grant that exemption and I might not, which doesn't in my view lead to sort of equity in terms of treatment of a sovereign. I think I appreciate that point to just out of curiosity are there other states that currently have an exemption like this. I'm happy to ask NCLS look into that for us. Thank you. I'm sorry. Had this land been in the hands of these tribes since before 1791. I don't know the histories of the individual parcels. I know that the parking property which is near me was something recently purchased by the thing that said again, I think, originally all of this land was stewarded by the Abenaki so how do you look at ownership and access the land. Thank you so much. One more. The $11,000 figure I know we're going to get. This is pretty low. So I'm assuming there's probably not a whole lot of development, if any, if there's any building. Again, probably a big question for those. I'm not understanding those parcels now but my understanding is that the Swann property is the headquarters. But in Barton, it's completely undeveloped land at the end of the class four road. That only parcel. I think it's a small sacred site. I'm having trouble hearing it because of the blower so I'm sorry the mask. I think I got it all just it. The building and otherwise either small parcels or undeveloped. Taxing reflects undeveloped use. I follow up. In reading this. In line three hundred twenty one it says, well, the whole thing, or owned by a nonprofit organization that is not organized for the price benefit that is organized for the price. Provide the property is used for purposes and for driving is not least for profit or rent. Okay, I get that so I'm wondering. Any one of these parcels if someone were to erect a casino. And I'm not sure this might not be a question for you is getting into the weeds a little bit but I'm just thinking ahead. I don't know if the like the Connecticut knows our tax. Being on, you know, being owned by tribes run my tribes and they profit from it. I'm wondering if we did that here with with a casino. Obviously rates and millions of dollars. The spill it would be exempt. One of these parcels. I'm going to defer you all around the process of. But I believe that in the process of recognition there were some determinations made about. Development or not. It's a big problem. That's why it's getting worse. It seems like a major. It did. I sort of had similar question that says is not least or rented for profit that doesn't say it can't be used for profit. So I don't I don't sort of understand the question you've got representative tells them waiting so I'm going to go to him. I'm not with with anything critical, but I just wonder, we are going to hear from Mr. Bent. Yes. Yes, yes. Yeah. Did you want to jump in? Are you. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah, my understanding. In Connecticut, the casinos are on reservations. Yeah, federally recognized tribes. They have their own federally recognized tribes and able to try to do a lot of things. None of the Vermont tribes are federally recognized. I don't think they qualify at present. It's kind of a long road to hope to get federal recognition. But they also sacred sites, 100% in favor, no undeveloped land 100% in favor, but I'm wondering the job of this committee to look into things like casinos down the road, how they would be affected. And so it's a good question that's all good question. Thank you. Other other questions for representative Sims. I will move to Mr. Ben. Welcome and if you'd identify yourself for the record and offer a few comments and if you're willing to answer questions, there may be a few that come to life. Yes, I'm, I'm here to answer any questions just introduce myself a little bit here. I'm from Braintree, Vermont. With the Kawasaki the cause tribe, which is in the central part of Vermont. We currently don't have any land owned by the tribe. We have a tribal garden that is on my property in Braintree where we're raising abenaki food and crops, the original corn squash and beans. And we don't have money coming in. We, we don't have a anyway, raising money at this point, other than grants, which we've been very fortunate in the last year to receive a number of grants. And so if we did get property. It would be helpful that it be tax exempt so we wouldn't be burdened with that expense. I, I had some of your questions about, you know, the casinos and that and I believe if you look at the one different all the tribes will recognize back in 2011 and 12 that that was put in there that they wouldn't be any casinos. And that would be illegal for the tribes to do. And so I don't think that's a concern myself down the road but I suppose you could put it in there in this bill if you'd like I guess. We're mainly the calisthenic tribe is about growing food and preserving the old ways. We currently there's past year we got a couple of sheds one is a teaching shed, which is 12 by 16 and the others are cooking shed, which we do preserve the food, cook the food. Can it we teach people how to preserve food and stuff. And, and so we're, we're trying to trying to enlighten the Abonneke and the Vermont community on the Abonneke culture and things that the Abonneke used to do. And so it'd be very beneficial if we could, like I say, have big tax exempt if if we get land in the future and and also for the tribes. And the Mrs. Skoy, the now he can nail new. I believe some of the pastors you're talking about they have them and it would definitely help all of us because we pretty much live off grant money, if you will, to sustain what we do. So I guess, yeah, if you have any questions, I'd be happy to try to answer them. Thank you. That's helpful. If anyone has questions on the committee. I'm going to ask one, maybe somebody already asked this. So I apologize, but so you've identified four parcels but so So is the property owned in the name of the tribe and these four instances or is it owned in the name of a nonprofit organization organized for the tribes benefit and I'm trying to think it's sort of what that is but but there are circumstances where the property is actually in the name of the tribe. Is that correct. So I'm just pulling up my spreadsheet details. So, the property on Barton is 46 acres. It is owned. The deed holder is an actually helping Evanaki, which is a 501 C that's a key for the benefit of nonprofit organization. The Brattleboro property is point seven acres. And that is currently held by the Vermont land trust and they are transitioning to the El new Evanaki, which is their 501 C three. And the tribal council building in Swanton is on point five acres. And that is owned by the Evanaki Nation of Mrs. Squire. So the tribe is the owner of our property. Okay, and then the fourth parcel is 100 acres in Brunswick swing Springs, owned by the nonprofit for the benefit of that tribe. So three of them. Could you repeat how many acres again at Brunswick swing? 100. 104. That's the biggest. Yeah. That's the largest and then as I've been to that cost that's not held in person. And the reference to personal property is that can someone tell me what that is intended to include. I think the intent is to focus on physical land on real property. It's a bit of it may just be a drafting thing that says real and personal property that we're really we're talking about. Okay, property taxes. Yeah, right. I think that's a drafting. Yeah. Mr. Ben, if, if we're able to pass this, have you thought about transferring part of your land that you have those buildings on and that you've been using for the benefit of your band to a different ownership structure. Probably my children would appreciate it. We're really looking to find a parcel in the Newberry, Vermont area where the cow suck of the tribe is originally from and that's, let's say the core area where the tribe has always had, you know, when the Jesuits came up the Connecticut River in 1675 and the cow suck. They were gifted them corn at Indian corn and so then we'd like to get back into that area. And brain free is, is, you know, not all that far but it's probably an hour and 1520 minutes from there so most of the tribe members are in that area. Yeah, answered question. Yeah, we really like to find property over that way. If we could. Anyone else. Question. Yeah. Catherine. I missed the acreage in Brownboro you were just wondering if it would be helpful for me to send the spreadsheet that I have. Just point seven points. That when we get a fiscal note I assume it will spell out what these are. I don't know if you've shared your information with John fiscal. Anything else. Thank you very much for joining us and for giving us this puzzle to solve. Thank you. I think the next step that the committee wants to pursue this is to pass joint fiscal for the school mode and then we can look at that and look at the language we do. You're welcome to say Abby Shepherd is here. She did the drafting on it. Why don't we take a couple minutes and just have Abby or Anna's to the bill and any issues that might be in there. So for the record Abby Shepherd office of legislative council. I just want to respond before I walk through the bill to your question about why it uses both real and personal property. So that language is used in almost all of the exemptions that are set out under this section 3802. The only personal property isn't subject to property tax. Other than the business personal property which towns have to opt out of imposing, but that's included there as really just following the typical drafting standard for these exemptions. Going back to walk you through the bill the first. The first section is a findings as section setting out a statement of purpose. I don't have much to add there in terms of tax policy so I'll go on to the second section. Unless there are any questions there are any concerns. In section two inserts a statutory purpose so as I'm sure you're all aware there is a requirement for new tax expenditures to be if they are enacted to include a statutory purpose so it sets out a statutory language explaining why the expenditure has been enacted. Otherwise the expenditure within a year will not be able to be implemented and enforced so that's sort of true of language there. In the third section which starts on page one but the language really is all on or sorry page to the language is mainly on page three. So this is sub division 21 and it is real and personal property as these exemptions all exempt both real and personal property owned by Native American tribe that has been recognized pursuant to title one VSA chapter 23. And that's the state recognition by the Vermont Commission. As was mentioned by the witness Mr bent there that recognition does not there is explicit language and statute that says recognition by the Commission shall not be construed to create extend or form the basis of any right or claim to land a real estate in Vermont or right to conduct any gambling activities prohibited by law. So just to clarify that that was the reference that was made there so that does not extend the right to necessarily create any sort of casino or any sort of gambling activities that would otherwise be illegal under the government of Vermont law and as was pointed out there are a few conditions created under this this new exemption. So it has to be owned by the tribe or owned by a nonprofit organization organized for the tribes benefit provided the properties used for purposes of the tribe and is not leased or rented for profit. There is very similar language to an existing exemption for property owned by a veteran's organization post. That also requires the property not to be leased or rented for profit. This does take effect on July 1 of 2022. So it would affect this upcoming property tax year. So through tax shoes here to just point out to explain the consequences of the way this is drafted and what it applies to, as was mentioned it does create an exemption from both state and municipal property taxes. So that means there will be no requirement for a local vote, it will apply automatically once enacted it will apply uniformly across the state. But a taxpayer will not have to pay municipal or state education property taxes. It also means that towns will not be required to make up any foregone revenue to the state. And that does mean that both municipal and the education grand list will be affected. Those are all of the main points that I wanted to make to highlight. I didn't know if there are any other questions or particularly from the test when we've already taken that you would like me to look into more. I think we've got one question. When you mentioned the gambling piece. I think you said as prohibited by law. Yes. That's correct. Is there any chance ever legalized gambling in the state with that then open the road for that. I think that's a correct. I believe so yes. Because it's only gambling activities prohibited by law there are some. This is not my area but break open tickets for example are are allowed under Vermont law. But it's fairly limited currently. Yeah. Talking. Obviously. So if we did legalize gambling and seals were allowed. And one was erected this is all hypothetical but just so I understand that in the future. It would be exempt from all taxes. Just pull in. Education. I'm sorry madam chair. Unless it's least least or rented. So it does have to be used for the purposes of the tribe. And the language then the for profit limitation does apply to lease or rent. So if you wanted to make it broader and say it could never be used for profit that would low language would need to change. And there's also if long after I'm gone we legalize casinos. And it will be long after I'm gone then. Then it's also possible that the statute that the recognition statute to be amended to say no. I don't know why it would be but that is certainly a possibility there's not it's not a constitutional provision it's something statutory so we could rewrite it. Okay. Just to be clear. I'm not saying I'm against that. You know, when I'm thinking with the casino comes a lot of other added costs for municipality law enforcement crime. Not that there's a lot of crap but you do need additional law enforcement infrastructure so that's the only point. All the reasons why we shouldn't do it so. Okay. Yeah, okay. Yeah, okay. Let's see. Yes, thank you madam chair you know it may not be that a long time after you're gone it might be a short time. But my question is Mr. Bent uses his personal property his personal land for for tribal activities with the that he described to us. Would he be affected by this ruling when I look at the, the purpose it's not obvious to me that it can't be an individual's property. So it would have to be owned by the Native American tribe, or the nonprofit. So personal property means, you know, movable tangible property not real estate but that's the distinction made there. And the ownership has to be the tribe itself or a nonprofit organized for it, so would not apply to an individual like their homestead, it would not be available to an individual's homestead. I'm sorry you're muted representative. You believe that's in the statement of the purpose believe that's that part is clear. I'm not sure I understand your question that the limitation to the tribe where that's found in the language is that your question. No, my question is when you state the purpose. I'm trying to prevent a suit later on, when the purpose of the tax of the, the tax expenditure could be challenged, because the purpose does not match necessarily the, the understanding that it has to be tribal. That's, that's from what I'm asking. Sure, are you, so there are two purpose statement there's the statement of purpose which is session law, which is sort of setting out the context. Then there's the statutory purpose which refers to property owned by Native American tribes. Is it the finding statement that you find to be to not specific enough as to the tribe. So, so I'm going to put this. I'm going to put this aside because we have people coming in at 1115 we need a break because it's We've all been in the room for a bit and what we need to open it up. And but if we continue to work on this bill we will be working with legislative council on all those issues so flag the question about whether these things are consistent. But I don't think we're going to sort them out right here at the moment. Does anybody else have a question for our two witnesses. Thank you, again, both very much for coming in and I, I based on the questions my senses the committee would like to do more work on this so what I'm going to do if it's okay is I'll initiate the conversation with joint fiscal they get a fiscal vote and so on and then we'll when we come back to it we can look through some of the language questions that we have. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Ben.


Brian says, I'm looking to take away OneDrive file explorer sync from my tenant. Don't want users to be able to work off files locally and want them to only work off Word Online, Excel Online, et cetera while in the browser. Well, that's very trusting of you, Brian, that the internet will always work. I know it has to do with condition access, but honestly don't know the correct settings or setup to make it work. Any help is appreciated. The first part of setup for this is to get a lot of candy, because when people call you crying, you're going to need to send them gifts to make up for the fact that you've taken away their file explorer sync option. Yeah. The working files, I think, okay, so it's two things. One, yes, you can if you just reduce down the license that you give them, because then it'll just force like if you went down to an F1 or something like that like a front line, it doesn't come with the desktop version of Office, so maybe you're paying for too much for your license in the first place. So I look at that and I have to go, well, why don't you want them to be able to have them? Is it because they are like a frontline worker and there are reasons around they don't need it. That might be that they don't need it. If it's not about that and it's about controlling what they can do on their desktop, are you talking about working from home BYOD, so they can't open a document to their desktop. That's then other policies that are to do with working from home. Or is it inside and they then can't, if they're inside an organization and they can only work online and can't download to be able to do the larger functionality that's in the application, yeah, you're going to need to get that candy because you're going to have some very upset workers that can't actually do what they need to do. Some of the simplistic things, even something like if you've got a macro type document, you can't even run those when you're up in the cloud, they've got to be open to the desktop. If a file is over a particular size when you're dealing with it online, like an Excel document, if it's going over 10 megabytes, you can't actually work with it. When you get online, it has to actually open to the desktop for you to be able to work in that Excel file. You can't co-collaborate in large Excel files online. It's going to want you to do it on the desktop. There's no ways around it. So you have to really consider your reasons why, because I go, I need more information. We say this a lot, but I need a lot more information really. What about you, Sharon? I mean, you would see this too where they say, I don't want them to do it. Now, we have tons of people who ask for this. I think we probably coach on OneDrive Sync, it's like half our business sometimes. This is the conversation we have, it's like, well, what are you trying to accomplish? What's the problem? What is the problem that you're having? I find that often the people who say this to me are struggling because people are not managing their files properly, they're not managing versioning properly, and so they think, well, if I turn this off, it's going to solve their problem. So typically, the first thing that we try to have people do is go into where their files are stored in SharePoint and you can actually change the behavior to default to go to the online version of that application first. And if you set the default for all of your SharePoint sites to do that, then at a bare minimum, it will open in the browser first and 80% of people won't do anything past that. Then your more expert users, your bigger files, your files with macros, things like that, those people can then handle that in an exception way by then downloading it. And then the second thing we do is train people how to use Sync properly. So we train them on how to only sync what they need when they need it, and then how to stop syncing that content when they don't need to sync that content so that they're only managing the files that they need to be able to get. And if you've created an architecture where everything's very organized in terms of teams and groups and sites and libraries and things like that, that should be a very easy thing to do from the beginning. So I agree, there's probably a ton more questions that need to be asked, but I don't know that I would jump straight to doing that unless you have a pretty big reason to. You know, so just to add on to that, I would say that, you know, if you, cause I love that default for the browser first, but don't take away the ability to go do the local for the people that need that, you can actually monitor that for 30, 60, 90 days. And then maybe if it is kind of what you were saying, if it's about reducing the licensing costs and going to cheaper licenses for those that aren't using that capability, do that, make that decision based off data, look at who's actually using that and then make a decision. Or maybe even make that voluntary, you go ask people, hey, we're trying to reduce some of the costs here for those that are fine with using just the browser based versions of the office productivity, you know, let us know and we'll switch the license types over to that.  That really worries me because then I kind of go, well, where's all of your policies or retention around a laptop? If it dies and you've got someone that's been working with you for five years and you're not backing it up, like, okay, you got a lot of really upset people. That's why part of the process would be, and I'm sure Sharon, you're gonna say the same thing, is that when you, when they understand that, then the default thing to do is to make sure that everything is synced dual between both environments first, before it's turning that off, so you're not losing anything and you have that version of it. So that needs to be part of that planning if you go that direction. Governance, back to you. Governance. Governance. Yes. Governance is the word of the day. It seems to come around to that question a lot. Yep. It's one of those things where it's funny. I mean, looking back at, and I know that so many of us that do these AMAs and 365 AMAs come from the SharePoint world, and I just made this comment online today too, that we used to worry so much around, so much of you go to sessions at a conference or a SharePoint Saturday, and it was so much of it was about keeping the servers up and running and healthy and performing well, all those kinds of things. And now so much more is about the usage of the actual technology. We're talking less about keeping it running and less operational and more about actually using it and benefiting our companies, our organizations. And with that change in topics, it's more of a discussion around governance. So yeah, this is very much like, yes, you can do this. So Brian, yes, you can take that away. Is that the best thing for your business? Could it cause other problems? It could cause some shadow IT results of people going and doing things that you don't like because they can't, they don't have the functionality. Sorry, there is not parity in all tools between the desktop applications and the web versions. And so if you just do that without giving people a voice in that process, then it could cause you some pain later. Yeah, and I mean, I used to always do the training where I would be doing it from online, always starting from online, logging in online, editing from online, and eventually I realized that right across business, whether it be enterprise or GAV or health or whatever that looked like, I actually had to flip my training and start from the desktop creating a Word document and then go file save as with the syncing on OneDrive or SharePoint and then save it to the cloud from the desktop. I had to flip it all back. I couldn't keep trying to drive people to the online because it was not a natural and inherent behavior. And I still, it's getting there, but I still think that across businesses we still tend to start from the desktop. So if you're going to push them to start from the cloud and stay in the cloud, you'd better have a really good change program around that to drive forward a new way of working and how to actually do it and what are the limitations around it to be really clear for your users if you're going to take that away because I've seen it go very pear shape in organizations. If you want to test the adoption of the cloud of the version, all you need to do is turn off the internet access, shut it down and then wait and see who complains. If there's people that are still working away and have no idea that that happened and they're able to be equally productive, those are the people that are not adopting the cloud. I think the rest of us are like, I can do nothing. It's broken. Let's go home. The person who makes that decision should also be the person who's required to be on call for the entire weekend following that decision. And you also only get to work online. Yeah. Oh, now, now we're talking. Yeah. Yeah. Right. Yeah. I think we pulled out the stick and the, this was the carrot involved. I think it was just the stick. I said candy. I brought up candy. That's right. We started with candy.