Yes, and welcome back to why and the morning and this is entrepreneurship Tuesday on why and the morning My name is Barry Moses or it's very one every social media platform So at the beginning of the year we told you guys we were going to tackle different aspects of the economy And we have been trying so hard last week. We had security and this time we have another thing about security and this time It's not the muscle security. It's more of the cyber security that we have guys from SF I see sky family IT just to tell us more about this new age that we live in and so you guys can get to understand Is your date is your data safe out there? Or do you need more protection? All right, so your camera is number four. I like to give everybody an opportunity to introduce themselves So they can say all the AK is degrees out So ladies first Hi, my name is Stella Karani. I am a CFO at sky family IT consultancy. I have a BSE in finance and Yeah, BSE in finance. Yes, I'm scared already Thank you so much. All right. Hi, my name is Samuel Siloski. I'm the founder of our sky family We deal with that call hacking and penetration testing. I have a professional in Professional any was it called diploma in ethical hacking and security Professional diploma in ethical hacking and cyber security. Yeah, so this week. I just figured out there's something like ethical hacking I always knew hackers were enemies of the state. Yeah hackers were Most wanted Again Well, yeah, you guys have something going on right here. Yes, and I really appreciate it I go to understand it, but let's get the viewers to understand it But before they understand it, let them get to know you guys as individuals first. So maybe we can stop the lady again I'm sorry So, yes, that's sky family or generally about family Okay, so we joined sky family last year, but one yes 2018 and it has been a ride Yeah, it's interesting by the way because you get to learn different aspects to get to learn about Python, which I'm not really sure about it, but Yeah, you just have to learn about the language. Yeah, it's very interesting. I actually thought it was a snake for real For So with your background in finance and all these things is this the role they brought you to play? Yes as a financial person So you see? finance finance institutions every day probably the CRB released a Report we don't like them. Yeah, we don't like that. Yeah, not at all So they released a report and 50,000 is lost in a minute by samples So can you imagine that we step in as sky family we solve that issue for them? And you see the thing about circles or banks? You see this is just circles I'm talking about so can you imagine they lose probably 50 billion in a day because of cyber crime? Yes Suckles in general just suckers at these crimes committed by Kenyans like you foreigners It could be anyone it could be a Kenyan it could be you know, we have Nigerians in the country. We have Chinese I don't need to come to your office to rob you guys. I can rob you from America. Yes, or Mexico Yes, or whatever as long as you're connected to the Internet anything can happen That was so much for an introduction All right, no for me security is more vital You know because I've seen so many people Lose a lot of funds from a day-to-day Analysis, you know, I used to work at a bank. I don't want to call it. Yeah, no problem. Yeah, but When I was during my work that was a time I actually I think we lost And it came as a shock was everybody was like the IT guys were like everywhere So I was like, you know, there are three things that Work in the morning. Yes, there's a mess. There's already a mess. Somebody got in And did something. Yes. All right. We went home with money. Yeah, let me say a lot of money For the for the example that I want to show you I can actually show you cameras even in us within seconds We're not doing anything illegal. It's just that you can view So I can be able to view their traffic lights industrial systems from Kenya So what you're telling me right now is if my girlfriend is in somewhere in Los Angeles right now, I can see Provided you have her IP address how her phone, you know, the funny thing about machines is this provided you connected yourself to the Internet You always leave a footprint. So you're part of the network. You're part of the whole network System everything you leave a trail if we can be followed. Yes, not even followed people hack the system and just display it online Wow, you know, I was given a quote by by my lecture. He said this If you want to be safe, don't buy a laptop if you buy a laptop don't switch it on if you switch it on So there's no way we can protect ourselves There's always somebody out there that is better than you are better than you in all sorts. Yeah Wow All right hackers Portrayed by the Some people that we should be afraid of some people that we shouldn't be condoning in the society Yes, but there's this side of ethical hacking and what is the difference between ethical hacking and just basically hacking? In ethical hacking we ask for permission before we do anything. We come like for example, if you have an organization I'll come talk to you. We'd be like, hi I want us to test your system to see how safe you are for future references, you know People get offended by that because you can't come to tell me If you have much to protect then you have to be serious with the security Okay, I thought you know if you're not serious with a security, you're going to lose everything Like what we should say imagine losing around 50 million a day That's a lot of money. That's a lot. Mm-hmm a day. That's a day. It was actually It's a lot of money for the company itself for the economy economy itself for the government Yeah, exactly and the government doesn't all have to lose money exactly So our work is basically to come to you. We talk we understand our terms. I can't touch your system unless we agree So after there is the ethics that's the ethics in hacking in hacking And then the beauty about sky family the company is this we do it into perspective. We do it as a black hacker Somebody who doesn't know have no information concerning the company.  The other person at the same train to have The person who does not have any Yeah, all right, so all these things are premeditated. Yes all these things with the intent of protecting the systems that you have as a company Yeah, all right, so I'm trying to imagine How did you guys come up with this first and how do you have on with somebody I want to break into your house? So I can check if it's secure enough. Yeah All right, let me talk Wow people actually don't trust us. That's the thing when you go to a company you talk to them and they're like Let's consider IT people. They're very good. But when you look at it, they don't even go into it So for example, you had a hotel a website a hotel website where you can book. So we we get we got in And we booked in fact we hacked we booked and then we told them can you imagine they changed after two years? I hope it was a Las Vegas Yes, I'm Mara. So we booked and then we told them about it, but they did not respond. They just said, okay Yeah, we're going to check but Two years later, that's when they change the website book and this was valid for yeah Go with this book in this unit to the hotel and check in. Yeah, we're ready people already paid Yeah, so when you say we lose like 50 million in a day, it's not necessarily guys Stealing that cash money it's guys Getting services without paying things like that. Yeah, people lose millions. Yes. Wow Why do we have a full channel on Twitter? Why do we have four underscore channel on Instagram? And why to a forum Facebook is the way to interact with us. Hashtag is one in the morning and this is ethical hacking Conversation. All right. So once you came up with this I Know this that's human nature that comes Being a human and once you have a power, it's very easy to abuse it. All right. So how do you contain yourself? I can say integrity matters integrity matters and also somebody to always hold you online Funny thing. Let me say this Funny thing. Let me say this. She's my wife. In fact You know, we work together as a team. She can hold me when I'm not in my right sense She's the first person to actually come to me, but they let's not do this Let's do the other way understand but at the same time we have we have ethics. We have rules set aside We can't do this unless we have that unless The class exactly. We have we have a low agreement from the law We have lawyers who can actually authenticate the structures that we can do anything It's better. We do remain bankrupt We want to do this. Exactly. All right, you're fairly young guys I'm guessing you're even younger than me Yeah, and how do you get to know all these things about getting the illegal department getting the Programmers or the IT department and all these things setting this business up. How do you guys come about this? Simple See your need and you exploit the need Simple as that. So it's always find the need. Yes and exploit exploits. You don't even need Finances, you just need your brain.  That is the message You're sending to a viewer right now. Yes, all you need is this is all you know my plane about money. Yes All right, let's get a demo because people think I'm joking right now Don't be So let's get a demo But has he sets that up remember your might if I thought I'm on Twitter why if I for underscore channel on Instagram and why to Forum Facebook hashtag is why in the morning and never ever ever forget as well as where you're watching us from Because that's the only way we can give you guys a shout out and we can tailor our content just to suit you guys So remember our social media handles always right there below the screen and I see my ethical hacker is Set up already. All right. So we're good to go. Yes. All right. So what are you doing for us? It's actually information that I want to show you how much the internet has How much info with we are not even hacking we just to reveal in data. All right at the end of this Are we going to close our Facebook accounts at Instagram?  Yeah. So for example, yeah, we're going to use a just gather We just gather in data. Let's use this module Just wow use it on Yes, we are going to have it that yeah set yourself up. Yeah, it's So yes, yeah, I'm just I see a lot of Gibberish All right, so number one the auxiliary sky just can we just gather in that Yes, it is written that gather it so the website is called show them No, now I want us just to do just a simple thing. Yeah, we just get the query. So we come here and you're like show options To see what we are not supposed to check. So number one is the query. We need to set up a query. So we use We set the query We are looking for webcams That uses XP just a simple all the webcams that uses XP as simple as that and then Finally, I need to set up the set the API key Sorry API key All right, so I've been brought to my attention. Yes It's not only gibberish to me alone, but the viewers as well. So XP. Let's start with XP Okay, let me start with XP XP was those old machines You know when when before Windows 10 before Windows 7 there was XP XP XP is extinct. Yeah, it was actually closed. No more updates. No more nothing It was actually closed off. All right, but yet people are still using it for the games on XP But now people don't understand if it's the mini Microsoft has stopped supporting it means it's vulnerable You don't even need to have a password Okay, they are million of users using it Outdated system is more vulnerable. It's so vulnerable from Windows 7. It was closed in I think in January In January from what wrong Windows 7 was closed off. So from Windows 7 and below And Windows 8 if I'm wrong, so your service providers responsible for providing security for you as well As much as you need you need a fence and a and a wall. Yeah, all right Let's get back to the bottom. Yeah, and then this is called as the search engine for security It's like Google but I just for looking for devices. We can use the okay Let me instead of using the terminal. Let's use this for here. I can just search like Web and web come XP. We just search it Immediately we search you will see all cameras that use XP in all the world Every any every continent like from USA, Germany, Spain, Italy, Russia What is the pink and what is the pink is the information actually gathered there they're reddish And then the pink is it's just the globe is just the whole globe. So the info that you get is actually From that it shows you like we have a 615 results 615 in the world using XP. That's a lot And then when we open like this one for Ion euro Durango, let's just open in the new tab Nice loading web come image. I don't even need an axis now. Look. No, this is like Where's this? Let's not say the area faster, but it's in let me say it's in us or something And you actually see it's like well, this is a live footage Now as we speak The date is actually written August 4th. No, this one is okay. This one's a screenshot. Let me find another one Yeah, like this one come five. Let's go to this other country. Ah, nice No, like something like this. We can control even the cameras We can see what you want to see. Yeah, we can actually change the main view like this one here There's a tab called the multi view. That one contains all The cameras they have all right. Yeah, so let me check again. The big question has always been yes Where's the line between? ethical and just hacking as the definition goes let me say I got back to integrity Oh nice. We've actually found a live one. Oh, this one is a live one. Where is it? Oh, they just say Now this one is a is more of a this kind of lights that look for any the one that actually house is stored in a house is Wow, nice it so we can actually change into multi view It's just that I collect we haven't even hacked just collecting data Now you see we just collect in that you're not even doing anything Wow I'm even scared now because every I've seen a couple of friends of mine Having a sticker on the webcam patch on the computer. Yes, and I've always asked myself Why do you guys watch too many movies and get scared? But this thing is real for all trust me to really scare you When you start actually digging behind the same to actually check in how much information Internet has like for instance last week A cousin of ours actually asked us it's actually more of a brother He actually asked us he gave us his email address and told us to find all the info He was actually we scared after Because he found like over 15 people hacked his account and actually placed it publicly so my emails could easily go yes, and My did my the information on my phone could easily go public The information on my computer could easily go public. So, how do I protect myself in this age of clear vision 2020? Number one is actually simple as the first advice I say you don't actually switch it on Secondly For companies you need to test your systems you really need to test your systems You are safe as much as you know your security You know so always keep tested always keep testing your security Try to see how many times it can fail You know so that you won't be like or you just wake up and you're like wow You won't get shocked So number one test your security for mobile users simple when you try to connect with the internet use a VPN It's called a virtual private network that one you it was it's actually hard to to be traced You can be using it in Kenya, but somebody from another place can actually view you like you're in Yeah Okay, you're going to teach me that Anyway as a country we're slowly adopting these things the government is adopting these things and You your space in the society It's going to be fought by then ethical ones. Yes How do you just think to yourself? It's a very tricky kind of situation It's it's more about What you present Like for instance, there was a time.   He opens another he closed the spot you open another So we took for like 13 minutes Until we finally actually closed all the pods and we kicked him out And we started installing more security more security features in the lap up here All right, and this is what you guys do and this is what you guys drive on. All right, so How can we be more secure what of advice apart from signing up with you guys to protect our system How can we be more secure? I think one of the things is always keep updating your system Never be left behind when your software perhaps in your phone You have a software update update change your passwords regularly That what you'd say always update your system. What would you say this actually is more about she's a hundred percent correct You know like dispatches like every mind you get our security update It's important to actually regularly If you don't do that you can be actually fallible into any Miss happens or something and that's where you can find a machine can just go off you out of nowhere You know, not all hugs actually goes accurately the way you wanted it Some hugs you can do and it's going to switch totally completely burn the phone down completely So the best thing is always keep your phones updated always Check the sites you go to you know these pop-ups like pop-ups like it's so dangerous Because there's this pop-up they come they're like click yes and no to cancel you like More buttons actually function the same whether you click yes Never just reload the page or something But say something different Interesting so calling you understand and then because the moment you click yes It still take you to download a malware when you click no it will still make you download the malware So the best way is just it's a different the X don't click yes or no because you people don't actually ask themselves These are yes, and no and then there's an X But people don't go to the X they go to no so always X All right, so how can people get all of your services just in case They'd like to protect their systems your camera is number four. You can go on Facebook We are sky family to consultancy and also we have a website sky family to consultancy or you can call us to on 0702 58 99 0 3 it's always on 24 hours a day Always always they can interact with you. What do you like to add to a viewer that is watching us right now? Who thinks ah, I don't need this kind of stuff My business is quite simple. I don't need this kind of stuff As you think that you don't need it trust me you do because this is your business You need to secure it if it's important to you then you need to secure it need to find something that you know like a Security measure Like the way you close your doors when you lock up out of your business It's the way you need to secure your business if you're using especially a good at the gates You better have a good Thank you very much guys social media website how they can find your life Business line Sky family will maximize your business for efficiency and security No more wondering whether you're safe or not. We ensure we enforce It's more about Making sure you don't go lost don't go or actually find yourself at a loss For we are sky family in order we do Thank you very much sky family. Thank you. We appreciate you so much And I always like to see young people making moves So you guys are really motivated me and I love what you guys are doing keep doing what you're doing And I hope to see you guys at the Nairobi you stock exchanger. Yes So we have come to the end of this Sky family these guys are all about security and cyber security in particular So if you'd like to know more about this visit sky family on Facebook on Twitter and their website as well So you can get more information and if you have a friend who you think leads this tell them you have a recap at 2 p.m. Or tell them we have Videos going up on YouTube at white fire for channel. My name is by Moses or it's by morning with social media platform And Hillary's coming up next with another one. You don't want to miss it


Everybody forced here ripping 20 21 prism football team all 20 box full case number one random divisions Check out your results right here. You can always find these lean sports cards calm. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck Let's see what we got Maxes So again, you get a rookie silver a red and yellow number to 39 or less I think the rookies numbered eight the vets are to 39 you can get autos and other parallels in this I'm pretty sure but not guaranteed a bit tougher to hit Get to vet base to rookie base as well rookies Darby right Silver rookie Giants Aziz ojolari NFC East and red and yellow NFC North Daniel Hunter 23 of 39 And they guys just one more to go in evidence next Last spot on the night and personals are full Rookies Gary Brightwell Justin Fields The NFC North Silver rookie Rondale more NFC West They read and yellow Devontae Parker AFC East 16 of 39 Rookies Amir Smith-Marcett Trey Nixon Silver rookie Kyle Pitts NFC South A red and yellows the fun digs AFC East 37 of 39 Is that digs there all right Najee Harris rookie Eli Mitchell Silver rookie erasy McMath AFC South in a red and yellow Antonio Gibson NFC East color match there 35 at 39 Not my stacks Rookies Barmore and Eskridge rookie silver almond raw same brown NFC North My same brown the red and yellow Curt Warner NFC West 26 of 39 right rookie Osukor moa at well. We got an auto I think Yeah, we do 7 to 25 AFC East purple power sensational signature is Willis McGay he there we go There's an auto silver rookie for the NFC North. It's Kylan Hill They read and yellow AFC North Chad Johnson 29 of 39 There's an auto, huh? I still want to go on evidence guys next Rookies McKinney and Najee Harris again a silver rookie Simi Fajoco NFC East Red and yellow AFC North Jarvis Landry 22 of 39 Rex Ryan Silver rookie Dianne Brown NFC East red and yellow Drew sample AFC North 37 of 39 Well, let's see a big rookie red and yellow here For a rookie red. Yeah, I don't think you've seen one yet Through eight boxes enters Anthony Schwartz silver rookie Kedarius Tony NFC East And for the NFC East Jordan Lewis 32 of 39 red and yellow Cornell Powell Jared Dokes Silver rookie Pat Frymuth AFC North Red and yellow Charles Haley Niners 2 of 39 NFC West Time to heat up. I'm gonna get some bigger cards here big rookie silvers red and yellows. Hopefully Palmer tremble silver rookie Jamie Newman NFC East red and yellow NFC West Brandon Iuk 34 of 39 JC Horn Penny Sewell silver rookie Javon Holland AFC East Red and yellow Kevin Byard AFC South 28 of 39 and evidence is sold out now. We're sold out for the night guys So we it's thank you all very much and do appreciate it more group breaks tomorrow 4 p.m. Eastern with Sam Personals are full for tonight Sam's probably do a few personals tomorrow night, but Sunday daytime is when we do a bunch 10 a.m. Start on Sunday with personals usually we go for five hours That's a good time to do it and then Monday nights we do personals all night as well Typically, you know, I'm Mitchell Trey Lance Silver rookie Daz Newsom NFC North a red and yellow Hunter Renfrew over the AFC West one of 39 Ian book Benskaranek rookie silver Roshan Slater AFC West a red and yellow John Brown AFC West 31 of 39 on come on. Where they at? No, let's see Chase waddle Mack Well, where they at AC Horn. Oh, was this an auto? Yeah, Steve McMichael auto navy camo to 15 and NFC North Michael rookie silver AFC North or not fail away Red and yellow Roshan Evans AFC South 30 of 39. All right couple autos is pretty good Rookie's Darby right silver rookie Jamar Chase. There we go. AFC North nice one there In a red and yellow Travis Fulham NFC East 9 of 39 Kyle Pitts rookie base new man, we got silver rookie shy Smith NFC South and A red and yellow rookie finally a rookie four of age of unholy. It's the rookies are to eight That's probably why they're so rare You hit him you hit pretty big. There's a Trevor Lawrence rookie base Shane Buchel silver rookie Michael Carter AFC East And for the NFC East Kenny Galladay number five out of 39 Joe Tryon Patrick Jones silver rookie Hunter long AFC East Marlin Humphrey AFC North red and yellow 25 out of 39. Yeah, this is not been the best case Sewell Collins silver rookie boogie Basham AFC East and a red and yellow Micah Parsons five of eight NFC East There we go nice Parsons go. Thanks again everybody. Yeah, not the best case there. I'm sorry guys On to eminence


A lot of engineers like to think that expertise in a particular domain gives someone insight into every domain, like if you can build the biggest bridge, then you ought to be crowned king of the world or something. Personally, I don't think that you ought to be able to order people around just because you can build a higher arc. I'm not proud of many early thunk videos. In fact, many of them make me want to fling my phone across the room in frustration. For example, in episode 14, I show off a new fangled gadget I paid a gut-wrenching amount of money to beta test for Google, the Google Glass headset. I talk excitedly about technological singularity, the blurring of the line between memory and instantly accessible information, all while wearing a device in my head that eventually gave me migraines so bad I'd have to take the day off work to lay on the bathroom floor and occasionally vomit. Like I said, gut-wrenching. Of course, mine isn't the only tale of optimistic techno-futurism that runs headlong into painful real-world outcomes. It's not an unusual thing, and it can get much worse than crippling headaches. The atomic age of unlimited energy came with a persistent threat of a nuclear war. The promise of a truly egalitarian digital utopia was accompanied by ubiquitous surveillance and misinformation botnets. A 1969 essay by Emanuel Messin sums up a common attitude towards these unpleasant, unforeseen outcomes, that the effects of technology are not inherent to the technology itself, but depend on what humans choose to do with the opportunities presented by it. For Messin, technology itself is causally inert, leaving us with a moral responsibility to use it wisely, which means both rejecting bad outcomes and embracing good ones. We have to avoid what he calls negative externalities, those unfortunate, unforeseen disasters like global warming, loss of privacy, and opioid epidemics. But we also have an imperative to embrace the opportunities presented by tech, seizing its full potential for good. He suggests that social structures like governments, economies, community institutions, and businesses are often incapable or insufficiently motivated to either use technology to make people's lives better or to predict and prevent those adverse effects. For Messin, what's really necessary to ensure that our tech is working in humanity's best interests is institutional innovation, what Silicon Valley technologists now call disruption. If those established institutions were innovating and harnessing the bleeding edge of tech, if they honed their internal processes to keep their finger on the pulse of the most recent developments and stay one step ahead of the next big thing, they'd be able to anticipate its potential gifts and drawbacks and direct people to use it wisely. That is to say, what we really need to address the problems posed by technology is more technology. Messin's view is fairly common, as is its corollary, that more technology is, on average, a good thing. After all, tech is developed to solve problems, so more tech means more problems solved. And if the tech causes problems, we should develop new tech to solve those problems. But fellow philosopher John McDermott takes a different view. His response to Messin's essay titled Technology, the Opiate of the Intellectuals, is unsettlingly prescient for a dude writing before the end of the Vietnam War. Like, for context, this was written in a time when computers existed, but Pong didn't. McDermott finds Messin's techno-optimism ubiquitous among authors of his day, with starry-eyed speculation that the machinery of innovation will end poverty, free mankind from all work, radically increase individual freedom, and end ideology. Heady stuff. But in his estimation, there's an intrinsic political character to technology that can't be innocently ignored. McDermott poses a simple question. Why should we believe that technological innovation will necessarily benefit all mankind, rather than shifting the balance of power to those closest to that innovation, while disempowering the rest? It's a fair question. There are numerous examples throughout history of technology being used to seize power and control others. What assurance do we have that these events, on average, lead to better lives for most humans, rather than better lives for the people who can make internal combustion engines, or the people who can manufacture cheap steel, or the people who have the atomic bomb? The standard defense of technology as a net benefit for all humans everywhere hinges on the uniquely meritocratic way that it selects for those who should be in power. It chooses nerds, problem-solvers, a group defined only by their ability to solve puzzles that require technical expertise, with no other collective goals that would be necessary to form a political class. In fact, it's often said that nerds have an implicit aversion to ideology, that they're uniquely disinterested in political power, as a group, because playing politics would occupy time that would be better spent doing nerd stuff. If technology tends to empower those dedicated problem-solvers, we should expect them to simply work on solving our problems, without taking any undue advantage of their position or power, right? McDermott doesn't buy this argument. He points out that the difference between what messing characterizes as positive opportunities of technology that must be seized and negative externalities of technology that must be prevented is inherently ideological, citing a real-life nerd puzzle reserved for only the biggest nerds in the US at the time that he was writing, harnessing those new-fingled computers to calculate how to distribute bombs in Vietnam for maximum Vietnamese casualties. The simulations certainly determine the most rational way to distribute bombs, given the goals of the puzzle's designers. But those goals didn't include the values of, let's say, the Americans who were against the war, or of the Vietnamese people being bombed. McDermott points out that those dissenting voices weren't included in the calculus of the bombing program, not just because they didn't align with the politics of the people managing the program, but also because they're inherently antagonistic to the program itself. A nerd can't solve the bomb allocation casualty puzzle if it includes a variable like, please don't bomb me. So they omit it. McDermott also notes that technology has an inertia and gravity of its own, dragging the rest of society into its operation and underlying ideology. As the Vietnam bombing program worked along, it came with spiraling demands for other technical programs to support it. With such precise calculations of payloads and targets, you need better trained pilots and better targeting systems to deliver those bombs exactly where they're needed. You need improvements in bomb manufacturing to ensure that production rates are more predictable. You need better management of supply chains to ensure that the factories always have what they need. A single technological puzzle has created a cascade of new puzzles in its wake, each with the potential to create its own cascade, increasing the scale and complexity of all the processes that feed on and into the original program. This spiraling complexity demands the same systematic disregard of values that conflict with the goals of the original program. A steel mill worker who delays a shipment due to humanitarian concerns needs to be replaced as soon as possible. You know, so the bomb factory has a steady supply of steel. A pilot who decides a chosen target isn't worth bombing screws up the calculus for the next run and needs to be reprimanded. The individuality and variance of opinion of the folks who are drawn into the web of this technology need to be suppressed in service of satisfying its goals most effectively. McDermott suggests that this undertow of blind obedience to the whims of technological programs like the Vietnam bombing algorithm is like watching the historical progression of the Enlightenment in reverse rather than demystifying systems of power, imbuing the common populace with the skills and understanding necessary to control their world via democratic means and closing the gap between the upper and lower classes. Technological systems obscure the mechanisms of control, minimize the influence of individuals to affect the system's operation, and reinforce the class divide. When I think about the inscrutable algorithms driving YouTube and Facebook, I have to remind myself that McDermott is just talking about a bombing simulation running on punch carts. He doesn't know what's coming. Speaking of social media, he also notes that when denied insight into the actual mechanisms of power by technological obscurantism, people don't just shrug their shoulders, accept their ignorance, and move on. They invent narratives to fill that space. Wild conspiracy theories about fluoridation and vaccine-delivered 5G microchips don't make a lick of sense, but with no reasonable explanation as to why anyone is doing anything. With every human cog in the machine, given the bare minimum of context necessary to fulfill the ever-growing demands of technology that isn't being used according to their values, these are the stories that people cling to to understand their world and why it's not working for them. Anyways, considering all these factors, McDermott sees unregulated technological innovation as a force that ultimately works to centralize power in the hands of the already powerful. Simply by the nature of the problems they ask nerds to solve for them, nerds who are systematically selected for and arranged in compliance with their ideology. He suggests that despite protestations that the technocratic hierarchies created by unmoderated innovation are apolitical, it will inevitably lead to the recapitulation of class divisions, between a technological underclass whose values get left out of the development process and the ruling class who gets to pick what problems they need solved. Now, I grew up on stories of radical technological innovation coming to humanity's rescue, lifting up the downtrodden and freeing the oppressed.  I have understandable reservations about McDermott's bleak take that technology, without strict oversight, is inherently corrosive to the ideals of egalitarian democracy. But his predictions about the role tech would play in the politics of the next 50 years, how its small stochastic contributions to equality would be eclipsed by a general trend of obfuscation and centralization of the levers of power in the hands of the powerful, how the demands of tech would require the systematization of bigger and bigger swaths of the economy, even the conspiracy theory thing. It's hard for me to say that he wasn't onto something. The historical precedent of democratizing technologies like the printing press are encouraging, but they have to be weighed against those technologies used in the service of oppression, like the cotton gin. And I'm not enough of a historian to make that call. But what about you? Do you find McDermott's arguments compelling, or do you think Messi is right in his techno-optimism? Is technology ideologically neutral, or does it tend towards supporting the ruling class? Regardless, please read McDermott's essay. I've linked it in the description. Leave a comment, and let me know what you think. Thank you very much for watching. Don't forget to follow, subscribe, and share. And don't stop thumping.


Hello dear listeners, I'm presenting a work dedicated to, dedicated to, I'm presenting a work dedicated to massively parallel SPH meso modeling of shock-loaded spherical particles. I'll start with experimental data and mathematical modeling problems. Here is the experimental setup we are going to describe. Octogen plane wave generator on the bottom, then above with copper and dental plates. And dental plate, dental is tungsten alloy. And dental plate, there are some notches, some sheen in which golden spheres, very small golden spheres, are placed or the notch is empty or it's filled with groove plate. When octogen is detonated, it's expected that the shock wave goes through copper, dental, come to a layer of spheres and the spheres go up where their velocity is measured by PDV probes. So what do the experiment, experimentators obtain? They obtain the following plots of velocity from time dependence from PDV probes. And what do we see? We see that when a shock breaks out, there are some fragments of material with different velocities and different decay appear. That's the problem, so what is really measured in the experiments if it's not the initial spheres? So we need to solve the following problems. What physical processes take place in the layer of golden spheres during a shock wave propagation? Do the particles preserve their shape or if they do not, then what's the composition of ejected material? And does cumulation or fermentation take place? And to answer all these questions, we need to conduct direct numerical modeling on metascale as is. So we directly model golden spheres, dental plate, shock wave propagation in the layer, and etc. So how to do it? So modeling method choice and computational domain layout. There are some modeling complications because we have non-trivial geometry, many, many spheres. Many samples, contacts and shares flows are expected. If we choose traditional mesh methods, we obtain high accuracy, they will research. If we choose a layer view, we will have to use specific methods of contact and free surface tracking. If we use Lagrange point of view, then we will have to use mesh reconstruction. But we have an option to use Lagrange and meshless methods. So we do not need mesh, it means that we do not need to store connectivity between elements, it may change freely. In these methods, contact surfaces attract automatically. They are computationally hard, but are simply program implemented. Of all the variety of these meshless methods, we choose smooth particle hydrodynamics and its variant, which we call contact-smooth particle hydrodynamics. Contact because it contains even problem solution on contact between particles. This is a particle method with limited interaction length between particles, and that is why can be paralyzed effectively. On the slide you can see the figures that show what's the difference between mesh and particles. The mesh everything is connected, the particles are separated and they can freely mix. So that was the computational domain layout in real life on the left. And on the right you can see how we do model this. We took a lot of spheres, placed them on a thin layer of the plate, and hit all the system in the solid wall to obtain the needed shock wave. The data on velocity is got from the experimental work. Each particle, each SPH particle carries question of state idealistic plasticity model and liquid solid phase transition. There may be misunderstanding between golden particles and SPH particles. They are like this placed in a one single golden sphere. This is how they are traditionally figured like balls. So one golden particle, which flows out from the experimental step, consists of many SPH particles. There are several computational domain layout styles we used. So the first is, I call it plain pack. It contains three million of SPH particles, looks like this. Then SPH looks like this. Of course, simulation is in 3G. And also the new results we obtained recently is a modeling of irregular pack, as it is, of course, in the experiment. How do we do it? We randomly place the spheres. There are critical boundary conditions here, here and here. We place them randomly, and then we just pack them using our code, like direct modeling of ballistical packing. This simulation uses 8 and 2 million particles. There are some sides view of the sample pack. And it's clearly seen that there is so many SPH particles that all the modeling needs a parallel approach. So what do we do here? We use parallelization technique for distributed memory system. We call it Werner dynamic domain decomposition or VD3. So what's the idea? First, definition of the Werner diagram. If we have a set of points on some sample, 1.2, 0.3 and etc. Then each point makes its own diagram cell. Points in which, so every point in this area, are closer to this point than to any other point. So here points are all closer to this point, here all these points are close to this point. And all these cells comprise the Werner diagram. What's the idea of the composition? If this sample is not just a sample, it's our SPH sample filled with particles, and we put the Werner diagram on it, we say that each of these points correspond to one process. So one process, two processes, and one process. And we let these points move with SPH particles flow and load in sub-domains. How it looks like. So for example, process one has very high load. We just move the point generator out, and the boundaries move also, and some particles from area one move to adjacent areas. And that is why the load is reduced, and so the simulation is quite balanced. We show here the strong scalability test result for sample static problem of plate at rest, containing 52 million particles from 100 to 1000 processes. So it's clearly seen that scalability is quite good, and it is enough to effectively model the problem. Some remark, one process contains well up to one to hundred of thousands. Now the results of the mesoscale modeling. First, regular packing results, then spec. When a shockwave comes to layer of spheres, the accumulation effects appear here. So we see these eddy structures, typical for with my mescophan stability, and they continue to progress in time. When a shockwave comes to the surface of the pack, jets appear that freely expand into vacuum. We do not model air, only gold, tungsten, and vacuum. The overall figure looks like this, from here to here. So the structure, the initial structure is completely lost. And some jets continue to propagate into vacuum. Oh, here are the results for plane pack. And here you can see that the jets that do appear at the contact between plate and spheres, they appear and they have free space to flow into. So the jet head doesn't hit into the particles that are situated before it. It just continues to freely expand. And we see that in such a situation, huge jets appear, which heads are here, and this is the jet body. The next result is real pack, the whole simulation. I suppose that nothing can be understandable from this video, so let's have a closer view. When a shockwave comes to the surface between spheres and plate, also eddy structures are formed, but they are not symmetric, not so right. But the picture is the same as for regular dense pack. On the right-hand side you can see the pressure distribution picture. Behind the shockwave front, quite all the material is melted, except for some spots of solid centers of golden particles. When a shockwave comes to the surface of the layer, also jets appear from the upper layer of the pack. And as in the dense pack situation, they continue to freely propagate. So that's the side view. Quite all the material is melted except for some spots. And that's the more closer view of the initial film. So here is what is left from the transmitter or plate in our simulation. That's the lower layer of spheres deformed. This is the main mass. The main mass is situated here, and these are remains of the jets. So some plots. Mass per area and velocity dependence here is mass per area of a small slice as the jets propagate this X. So the main mass has a velocity from, well, 2 kilometers per second and more. So in the experiment we observed that after a shockwave breaks out of the layer, then the distribution of velocity is, well, is quite in a good agreement with what we can see here. Well, this is what we obtained. We've explained what happens in the layer. We developed a highly efficient SPH code for parallel mass scale modeling of materials in extremes, and this code allows us to reveal the underlining mechanisms determining complex flow evolution. We were the first who showed that, in the problem that we demonstrate here, contains ejecta. We have found that ejecta characteristics and with Myrmeshkov instabilities effect are developed, and they depend on initial layer packing configuration that we use in our modeling. Well, the last slide showed that the main mass velocity distribution of ejecta is in a good agreement with experimental data provided. And the last word. So the code that we use, it provides the information that is impossible to obtain from the experiment. That's all. Present the talk. So there are five minutes for discussion. Did you use an excluded volume potential in your simulation so that the spheres don't overlap? We used Vendland kernel as the approximating function. It is standard for SPH simulations. Yes or no? You asked about potential, yeah? Two spheres occupy the same place. Yes, of course, yeah. Does your model allow two spheres to be at the same place at the same time? No, the SPH approximation does not allow this. If the pressure becomes high, they come close. Could you tell me what a golden sphere is? You call it a sphere, golden. What's golden about the sphere? Well, yeah, actually it's a ball.  So do you ever do the simulations with pro-late shapes? What is pro-late shape? Well, it's like a football. So there's an aspect ratio of a different one. No, we've done it only for right shape. So it's not the same for speaker, yeah? Hi, I'm Rabbi Bonifu, but I'm not Dr. Vieng. Not Dr. Vieng. Just a correction. Which one is which one? Okay, hello everyone. My name is Bobak Rabbi Bonifu, as you already heard. I'm coming from the University of Lille, and I'm working on melting the event by thermal convection. Together with Dr. Calzaverini and Dr. Silvia Hirata. Melting and freezing convection is happening in larger scale in environment, in phenomena like lava lakes, magma chambers, and the one that we are interested in, in melting of ice in North Pole Arctic. Why we are interested in? Because melting of ice results in formation of ponds, and these ponds are darker than surrounding environment. They absorb more heat, and the rate of melting is increasing. The fact is that during last 20 years, we have several models, large scale models, for predicting the environment in Arctic, but they all failed. We consider that we assume that this problem is due to this formation of ponds, because the scale of these ponds are much smaller than the large scales for simulation of the Arctic. They cannot be resolved, so there should be some kind of tuning to have the effect of these ponds in the simulations. What is happening, in fact, is that the cycle of melting of ice starts during the springtime when the snow layer at the top starts to melt and forms a layer of water on the top of the ice. During the summertime, the rate of melting grows, and sometimes we have some channels that connects the water inside the ponds to the ocean, the open water of the ocean. During winter season, we have again the formation of ice. Sometimes these ponds completely solidify, sometimes we have only a cap of ice on top of it. The governing fact that these ponds are governed by cold water at the bottom due to being in touch with ice, warmer water at the surface because of warm air, warmer environment, and solar radiation, and the fact that density profile of water is inverse between 0 to 4 degrees. So these ponds are prone to have convection. We created a model to analyze this system. This model consists of ice. At the beginning we start to hit the system with temperature T0 greater than the temperature Tm, which is the melting temperature of solid. We fix the height of the system as Hmax. When we start the simulation, a layer of liquid appears at the bottom, and at some height the convection starts. The governing equation for the system is Navier-Soch's equation, of course together with temperature equation and the boundary conditions. For the liquid part of the melting, we have the part that is in touch with solid layer, and it's not regular. At the bottom it's flat and the lateral boundary condition, which respectively, at the top, we have a Stefan boundary condition, which is known together with 0 velocity. At the bottom constant temperature, and for the lateral wall, we have periodic boundary condition. It is known that if we take the Stefan boundary condition into temperature equation, we can bring it into single-domain formulation. Considering the length of the system, the total length of the system, as the length scale, we can dimensionalize our system, which will be dependent to three global parameters of a Stefan number, which is the specific heat to Latin heat times temperature difference, and it is defined the rate of the melting. Prandt number, which is already known, I guess everybody knows here, and Rayleigh, which is known also as free convection or natural convection, and it defines if it is below some critical value, the main temperature is transferred by conduction, and when it is higher than the critical value, the temperature is transferred mainly due to convection. For the materials that we know already, the Stefan problem for rocks in the form of lava or magma is in order 1 to 10, and Prandt is in order 10 to the power of 4 to 10 to the power of 8. For water, which we are interested in, Stefan number is in order of 10 to the power of minus 2, and Prandt in order of 10. Okay, there is another parameter, which is important in our computation, and it is the average height of the melting, which is defined where the interface, the solid-liquid interface is located. Respectively, we have another parameter, which is Rayleigh effective, and is defined based on this melting front height. In this way, Rayleigh effective at time 0 is 0, of course, and at time when the total solid is melted, Rayleigh will be Rayleigh max. In a system of melting, it is governed by heat. Either it's coming inside the system or going out of the system. The heat, if it is normalized, it is known as Nusselt number, Nusselt effective coming in, Nusselt effective in, and Nusselt effective out. Writing it in a form of equation, it is a difference of temperature at the bottom, I mean Nusselt in is the gradient of temperature at the bottom, and Nusselt out is the rate of changes of melting front divided by a Stefan number. Conservation of energy requires that what is coming in with the energy coming inside the system should be equal to the energy going out of the system, plus the temperature increasing in the liquid layer. We know that this temperature increase in the liquid layer is always greater than 0. It means that Nusselt out is always smaller than Nusselt in. For the conductive case, the solution is known. It is known as a Stefan problem. The height of interface is proportional to the square root of time, and the profile of temperature is in form of error function. Likewise, Nusselt effective in and out can be computed numerically, and as you can see, it is independent of time. The problem of melting has been addressed quite a lot. I mentioned some of them, which is related to our project. For instance, Peter and Bijan, they started performing research on melting, lateral melting. They are heating the system from the side. Also, they addressed the problem of heating numerically. They use the same setup. They are heating the system from the bottom, but in different contexts. This is for the simulation of magma and lava lakes. Experimentally, we have Davies who performed an experiment on the melting of ice, and he focused mainly on the shape of the interface and what is happening to the interface. We have Hill who performed on Gilles Seroll, which is quite different to ice for high railing, and we have Yen. Again, he performed experimental on melting of ice, but in a different condition. They started to melt the ice from the bottom. It's a different configuration to pounds. They focused on the interface and the shape of the interface, and they saw something they called as shark skin pattern in the interface. The question is that can we connect heat flux to the global parameters of the system? Is there any characteristic for the roughness or the length of the domes that are happening or roles that are appearing in the interface? Do they have some kind of feedback? Which one has effects on the other one? The interface on the flow or the flow on the interface? The solution for the conductive regime, the analytical solution for the height of the system, the height of the interface is unknown, but the fact that we have a relation between Nusselt and the average height of the system can be used to derive some scaling relations. Similar to Navier-Ressault's Rayleigh-Bernard system, one can assume that Nusselt is a power scaling of Rayleigh, Prandtl, and Stefan, likewise for the interface, average of interface height, depending on time, Prandtl and Stefan, and if we work the relation in this way, we find this equation. There are some observations in order from this equation. First of all, we saw that Nusselt is not dependent on time. It's constant during conductive case, so alpha is zero in that case. We see that the height of the interface is proportional to the square root of time, which we already know from the Stefan problem. In Malkus' scaling, similar to Rayleigh-Bernard, if the alpha is one-third, we see that the velocity of the interface is constant, and if we can see the alpha one-half in the ultimate regime similar to Rayleigh-Bernard system, the acceleration of the interface will be constant. For the numerical part, we created a code. This code is based on lattice Boltzmann. In 2D and 3D, it can be used for simulating Rayleigh-Bernard system or melting in different times, of course. The governing part for the melting is, at the beginning, the melting fraction is zero. We compute velocity and temperature based on the lattice Boltzmann method. From this temperature and velocity, we compute enthalpy. We derive linear interpolation of enthalpy for computing the liquid fraction, and this liquid fraction for next time can be computed by finite difference. We can compute these loops several times until we get enough accuracy, but it's known that even one iteration is enough to have a solution in a conductive case similar to accurate enough to analytical solution. However, in the solid part, we have to cancel the velocity, unwanted velocity. By the method of penalization force, we can remove unwanted velocity appearing due to the computation. Before going further, let me show you a movie to see what is happening qualitatively in the system. First, this system starts at 1.10. We heated up the system from the beginning at the beginning so that the interface is moving parallel. It's flat, and then we see the convection appearing in the system. This convection goes further and further. The cells are getting bigger and bigger. Finally, at some point, it starts to merge. For instance, at this point, you see that we have only four roles previously we had three, and here, no, we have merging of two cells. This way, we cannot appreciate what is happening in the system. So let's look at some snapshot of this configuration. At the beginning, as I told you, we have the regular steady convection appearing in the system. This is the first destabilization in the system. At some point, these also destabilize again, and the roles start to merge together, the roles merging completely, and now we have less roles here. Again, it goes further and further until we have only one role, and it's confined only by lateral boundary conditions. We try not to get to that point because the effect of lateral boundary condition also on the system has been observed. So we try to only have one parameter at a time for our simulations. Similar to Rayleigh-Benard system, we can look at the new cells coming in the system versus Rayleigh for convective melting. If we put Rayleigh-Benard system, which we computed with the same code, the parameters for convective melting and Rayleigh-Benard are the same. The only thing that is changing for Rayleigh-Benard system is the height of the system, similar to convective melting. You are seeing that they are in good agreement with each other, and at high Rayleigh regime, they are converging to the same point. Already I told you about Olvarava and the performance simulation, but they use different parameters. I put their computation on our computation only for the sake of comparison, and what we see here is that first, the onset of convection for convective melting is delayed compared to Rayleigh-Benard system. The heat flux is slightly larger than convective melting than Rayleigh-Benard system. At the ultimate regime, they are getting closer to each other, and even it is inconsistent with other computation, although they use different parameters. And only for observation, I put the slope of this line for Rayleigh-Benard system, which you see is less than one-third here. Likewise, we can look at Reynolds number, which is defined at the average velocity times the height of the interface divided by viscosity. You see the similar behavior for Rayleigh-Benard system and convective, and why we have this similarity? This is a question. If you consider the velocity of the interface as this, if it is much smaller than the average velocity of the liquid part, the system has enough flexibility to stabilize this and behaves like a Rayleigh-Benard system. From this, we get this inequality, and if we bring Nusselt out to the right-hand side and plot it, we see that this parameter is always greater than one, and at the beginning of convection is in order of 10. Also, we have 3D system. It is similar to... It was a movie, but it didn't play. Similar to 2D scenario, we have the system of convection, but the freedom here is higher. We put a 2D convective melting Rayleigh-Benard and 3D on top of each other to compare. As you can see, the heat flux in 3D is higher than 2D and even higher than Rayleigh-Benard 3D. For the sake of comparison with experimental, we chose Grossman-Lose theory, and we plotted on top of our plots, and you can see that the Rayleigh-Benard system is really good, it's comparable in a good condition, and the message is that Nusselt melting in 3D is higher than 2D and is higher than in 3D. Another thing that we can look in is the morphology of the interface. You see there is some kind of polygonal hexagonal pattern in the interface, especially at the onset of convection. It has been set for experimental that is kind of hexagonal. It's difficult to conclude this kind of hexagonal pattern. There are different kinds of polygonal that I can see here at least. For the co-elixification, we can use two different parameters. One is the height of the roles in the interface, which can be identified as a deviation, and the length of the roles as a correlation function. We put 2D and 3D here. I try to wrap it up as soon as possible because there is some more information here. At the beginning, it is zero because the interface is flat. It follows with a jump, and it says more or less constant. Remember that it's been scaled by the height of the interface, and then we have the second jump. It is where the roles start to merge together, and it more or less says in the same regime. It means that the aspect ratio of the cells stays in the same value. However, for a deviation of interface, for 3D, you see that the depth of the role is much higher than 2D. The message here is that in 3D, the path to single-dome shape cell is much smoother than 3D, and the cells are much deeper in 3D. Another parameter that can be analyzed is the effect of a cell phone. We did it only for 2D at the moment. You see that the shape, the behavior of the system based on different cell phone numbers is more or less the same, so the effect of a cell phone is negligible. It's not that huge. We computed that this is of order of 10 to the power of minus 2, to the power of minus 0.1. The other fact that we can see is the relation between nu-celled in and nu-celled out. It more or less stays in a constant value, and it's really close to the solution of the conductive case. This is the good news because it says that there is a relation between heat coming in and out of this system, and it can be used for different application in tuning the global system, global simulations. And for the summary, as I told you already, the Rayleigh-Bernard, for the large Rayleigh at the ultimate regime is comparable to melting system, and the fact that this kind of power law is possible to be used with the parameter alpha to the power of 0.25. Why they are comparable? We talked about it because the velocity of the average inside the fluid layer is much higher than the velocity of the interface. We saw this kind of behavior, the polygonal behavior, polygonal shape of the solid liquid interface. The domes in 3D are much deeper, and also it's going smoother to create a single dome shape. And there is a weak dependency between Nusselt and SFN parameter, SFN number. For the future work, we plan to analyze the system with cavity and see the effect of cavity, any form of cavity. At the moment, we put circular cavity and box in our simulation. The effect of bulk heating, which is also important is due to radiation and it is what is happening, in fact, in reality. And for the last part, we want to put shear velocity on the interface. It can be realized at having wind or some kind of current in the system and having some kind of force in convection, melting like open channel that is happening in Arctic, in melting of ice. Thank you very much. We already done it. So the solution for analytical part is available, not from the convective regime. In the conductive case, we can create a liquid layer at the beginning and start a simulation from there. And the main reason we did it, in fact, is that at the beginning of simulation, the velocity of interface is infinite, theoretically. And there is some kind of bursting in this simulation. By putting this kind of initial liquid, we cancel the effect of infinite velocity. Yes? Does it work now? We have to communicate with them and we put our result in them and they are willing to do that? No, at the moment I cannot say it is working perfectly or not because nobody has done it yet. It's melting faster than our prediction. It's melting from the top because the density profile of water is inverse. We can have the same set of melting from the bottom and have the same effect. So a lot of the heat transfer, the surface area is increased enormously, which would account for a faster rate. So if you model the water underneath as a multi-phase flow, a particulate with ice and water, then you might capture enough of the heat transfer mechanism to account for the melting. In fact, it is happening. Pardon? It is happening, in fact. First of all, we needed to understand what is happening in convection in the normal way. What you are talking about is what is happening in multiple...


Welcome back, everyone. Today, we're going to be using Autopsy, a GUI forensic tool in Windows to analyze a disk and think about what data we're looking at and where that data is actually located on the disk and what that data means.  So if we open up Autopsy, once it loads, you'll get this start start menu, right? And you probably don't have any, let's say cases, you probably don't have any cases created yet, especially if this is your first time running it. So we want to create a new case. Okay, so click on create new case, and then it pops up and it asks you about the case name. So you want to give this, you want to make this something, something very specific. So case name, for example, you might, depending on the types of cases you work on, we would normally have some sort of code for the type of case we're working on, maybe the location that the case was was in. So imagine that we're working on a hacking case and hacking case maybe has a category of 01. Okay, so we know that it's a hacking case, we know that it is in soul. So we'll say 01 for soul, maybe Chunchan would be 02, maybe Busan would be 03, something like that, right? So if it's in soul, we say 01. And then what else could we have? So we know it's a hacking case, we know it was a hacking case that took place in soul. Maybe we want to say dash j i j because it's my initials. So it's I'm the one starting this case, and possibly even the date. So we'll just say 2017. Okay, so the reason I'm talking about this so much, the reason we don't just say test or something like that is you really need to think about your case structure because this is going to create a case file. And you don't want to, let's say, mix up the case files.  So think about some structure that you can use that will become relatively, relatively generic, relatively unique. So for example, the date is is unique, if we put, for example, 2017 01 01. So we've started the case on this day. And that makes the title unique. So then we can actually look at it and say, okay, we know that this is a hacking case, it took place in Seoul, we know that the person who started the case is jij, and they it was started on this date. Okay, now we have a rule about how to name cases. So if we work in a group of people, no one will have the same case. But every no one will have the same case name, but everyone would know what that type of case is when it was started and who to talk to, if they have questions about that case. Okay, so the case name is actually more important than you think.  So they would probably just use the case number. But it's also worth it to think about the case name as well. So you might have, for example, let's say case number dash, and then you might have some code. So case number, but that doesn't really tell us anything about the case immediately. So we could have dash 01 01 jij 2017. And then that would show us, you know, this is this case number, you can go look it up if you want to, but it's also a hacking case that took place in Seoul, and it was started by jij. Okay, so just think about the case name, think about the structure and the rules you want to use. The most important thing is that you're consistent. And the naming is unique, right? So everyone on your team should be consistent. Everyone should know what the rules are. In a lot of organizations, everyone just kind of named cases their own way. The problem is, as technology evolves, most organizations usually want to centralize either data storage or backups or something like that. And then everyone has different case names or kind of structures, let's say in their naming. So then whenever you combine everything, sometimes there's some overlap, sometimes things just don't really make sense for the new structure. So make sure that everyone's aware of the rule and everyone's following the same rule for naming. Okay, that's my naming kind of rant. Okay. So next, the base directory where we want to save the case data. Okay, so we have this base directory. This should not be the C drive, basically. So you should be using a forensic workstation, right? And if you're using a dedicated analyst box, a dedicated computer for doing digital forensics, you should have either an external hard drive or a separate internal hard drive that is basically used, hopefully exclusively for case data and nothing else, right? So we don't want to put this on the C drive because first off, we don't want to mix case data with our own system, right? Second, we don't want to mix our own systems kind of information or potentially viruses with our case data, right? We don't want the two data sets touching each other at all. We want to keep them as separate as possible. So you should use a separate hard drive to store case data on. So here, you can see that I have this e drive cases folder. So on this e drive, this is actually just a network, basically a network share. But we can pretend that this is a separate hard drive that I'm going to store all my case data on. Okay, so make sure if you're doing this in real life, you the best situation is that you're saving all of your case data onto a separate dedicated hard drive. It could be an external hard drive. External hard drives tend to be slow unless they're firewire. So don't use an USB external hard drive because it will be very, very slow. But yeah, try to make it a separate physical disk. Okay, next case type, we have single user and autopsy has the ability to do a multi user setup. Single user basically just means that everything is saved locally to to whatever base directory that you've identified multi user allows multiple people to gain access to the data. And this is really handy in big organizations, especially if multiple people are going to do the investigation. For a lot of tools, only either either all the data is located locally. So only one person can access the data or they have to copy or I'm sorry, they say not or but they basically have to copy data around or multiple people have to get access to a disk image and everyone has to process it if they want to access the data. So in single user mode, if one person is going to analyze the case, obviously choose single user. If multiple people need access to it, you have to set up centralized infrastructure to allow multiple people to connect at the same time. But it is possible with autopsy and I will talk about it more later. Okay. So it says case data will be stored in the following directory and it gives the full path. Okay, so this is exactly what we would expect eDrive cases and then basically our case name. Okay, so we can click next case number. So this is again, if you're working on a real case, most likely the case already has a case number from some case management system. So we'll just call the case number, I don't know, 001. Again, you want to have some sort of pattern for case numbers 001 is just for example, but usually there's some reason why there's a case number. It's associated with documentation and everything else. So make sure that this case number is the same as any documentation that you are doing. Okay, examiner, put your own name in there, because you are the one doing examinations. Autopsy doesn't have the ability to do disk imaging. It is strictly for analysis examination. Okay, so case number and name. Then we click finish. Okay, and then once the case is created, now it's asking you to import a data source. You can just close this, but if you don't have any data sources imported, then you can't really analyze anything, obviously. If you do close this, you can configure Autopsy to do, well, you can initially configure Autopsy, but we want to import a data source. So we can select the data source type. So we have an image or VM file. If we click the drop down box, then we have image or VM file local disk and local files. So image or VM file, like we've done before, we took a disk image of a hard disk. It could be a flash drive. It could be the hard drive in a computer. Once you create either the DD or E01 disk image, then you want to select image or or VM file. So VM file is a virtual machine hard disk. You can, I'm not sure all of the different types, but you can import them directly. We mostly work with disk images. Local disk, if I wanted to, I could add the local hard drive of this computer directly, but I don't want to. You might use that if you were trying to use Autopsy for a live analysis situation, but I'm not really sure when you would use that. You might also use it if you had a disk attached to a right blocker connected to your computer. And your computer had already mounted the suspect hard drive. You don't want to image the hard drive, but you do want to analyze it. So instead of having an image or going through the process of having an image, if you connect the suspect's hard drive directly to your computer with a right blocker, then you could choose local disk and basically analyze the local disk directly. And then local files, you can just add files directly to your case. Yeah, there's no packing or anything like that. There's no unpacking or anything like that. It will just go through and process the files directly. So we want to add an image today. So you've already taken an image before. Hopefully I'm going to use an image downloaded from basically the digital corpora, which I'll give a link to. And if I click browse, it is here, this NPS 2011 scenario for E01. So I have an E01 or an expert witness format image. I'm going to open it up. Now this image is quite big. I think it was 13 gigabytes or something like that. Quite large, took a while to download. This disk image is from the US. I mean, I know it was created in the US, but I'm not sure where. And I don't think that it was created in Korea where I'm currently located. And since I don't know the time, it says, please select the input time zone. Since I don't know the time zone, I'm going to default to GMT plus zero. This just makes everything GMT. So if you don't know what time zone your image is from, which you usually do, because they're usually from your local time zone or from a country you're working with, you usually have a pretty good idea. But if you don't know the time, just set the time to GMT plus zero. That basically is the default setting. That means that it will not calculate the local offsets essentially. Then we can just click next. And then we get to the ingest modules, the ingest modules. And this is what does all of the actual extraction and analysis of the disk. Now each of these, we can talk about each of these in a lot of depth. I'm just going to run through them really quickly. So first, recent activity. This goes through, for example, extracts recent user activity such as web browsing, recently accessed files, things like that. So this is a, I won't say a script, but it's a program that goes through and looks for data sources inside the disk image that we can link to a user doing something in the system. So for example, internet history, the last files that were opened, things like that, there's a lot of those data sources in the system. And this module basically extracts all of them. There's nothing to set with recent activity. It's just a default script. Hash lookup. So I've already added a hash database. And there's another video about how to add hash databases. This is a known hash databases to use. So NSRL are basically it's a database containing information about files that we already know. We already know these files and we know that they're probably not relevant to our case. Okay, so since these files aren't really relevant to our case, we might want to filter them out so we don't see them. That way we can focus on files that we don't know anything about. Okay, so this known hash databases, the NSRL, I'll give a link to where you can download it. It's also very large. Known hash databases are files that we know are not very interesting to our case. Select known bad hash databases to use. So these are files that we would be a database that contains information about files that we know are not good, or we know that they're very interesting for our case. So for example, viruses, if you make a hash of a virus, you could have a database. And if you find a file with that hash value, then that file is probably quite interesting to your case. For working on child exploitation images and videos that we know are illegal images and videos, we can make a hash database of them and then scan a suspect's hard drive very quickly with that. So there are some global settings, but I talk about that in the other in the other video. Okay, file type identification. This tries to, yeah, just like it says, it tries to identify types of files. Let's see. Okay, I'll talk about extension mismatch detector in a second, but file type identification tries to find specific types of files. So if I haven't configured anything by default, there's nothing configured. So there's a lot of different file types. And each country tends to use data sources that have their own unique file types. So for example, Korea has a very specific file type called hwp. So we might add hwp to this file type identification to figure out if hwps exist in the image. So it's just to identify different types of files. We'll talk about that more in a second whenever we get to extension mismatch detector. Embedded file extractor. So extracts embedded files, for example, doc, docx. So these docx, pptx, xlsx, they're all kind of like, basically, you can think of them almost like zip files, they contain other files that create the document. Doc, you could put a picture or you know, video or something inside a doc and save it. The data itself looks like a word document, but there's actually images inside. So it's very interesting for investigators to be able to pull out the images that are saved inside a doc or a docx, and then see those images separately. So one trick to hide things, basically, is to embed images at a PowerPoint. So then you have a PowerPoint that looks like it's a professional presentation, but actually it has a bunch of, you know, illegal content or whatever it is. So embedded file extractor basically opens up files and extracts any other files that might be inside. Exif parser. JPEG files, some JPEG files have what we call exif data, and it's just metadata inside the image. You can't see it whenever you open up the image, but it is data that is inside of it basically. So this goes inside of the image and extracts the exif information. And exif information contains a lot of interesting things like sometimes it contains GPS information, it contains data on the date and time that the image was taken. And even if you move the image around, exif information is not changed. Most new phones put exif data inside JPEG images that are taken automatically. So exif information can potentially tell us a lot about what was going on, what cameras were used, when pictures were taken, where pictures were taken, things like that. So although you can change exif information, it is a very good place to get some information about images. Okay, next is keyword search. So you can preset a list of keywords or a list of patterns that you want to search for. So for example, keyword search, we have by default phone numbers, IP addresses, email addresses, URLs, and credit card numbers. Now, credit card numbers, URLs, email addresses, IP addresses are pretty much universal, right? Email addresses you might want specifically to search for something like go.kr or .kr. So we could modify this to change it to something more specific to our region. But these are pretty much global phone numbers tend to be local. So this phone number, I believe, is by default set to US US style phone numbers. So if we go in, if you want to search for all of them, you can just select them, and then it will search for all of these patterns. If we look at global settings, we don't have any keyword lists made, we do have string extraction, I think. So here string extraction in the keyword list, because we're in Korea, we probably want to select Korean. And then that lets us be able to do keyword searches for Korean text. Okay, we click on general. Yeah, okay. Right. So now we can create keyword lists. So if we create a new list, let's call it, I'm just going to call it test. Okay. So now we have this test keyword, we can click on new keyword. So what's a new keyword? Well, I can just search for. Let's search for test. Okay, so click okay. So now test is selected there. And this will automatically search this entire disk image for any files or any references to test. Okay. So whenever we selected a new keyword, you see this regular expression and regular expression basically lets us search for patterns. So for example, T, period, EST, sorry, ST, T period, ST, a regular expression. And if you put a period, that means any character. So if there's a T, P, ST, it will find it. If there's a T, EST, it will find it. This is really handy for names, for example, or patterns where you might not know all of the different, all of the different content. So for example, J, period, period, H, I don't know. So this might find Josh, something like that. Right. Now, regular expressions can be are obviously much, much more powerful than just dot dot, but they're a little bit complicated and too much to get into right now.  It's just so useful in a lot of different situations, not just for keyword searching, but in a lot of things. So for example, the IP addresses, the IP addresses, email addresses, all of these are based on patterns. I'm going to deselect that. So all of these are based on patterns. We're not looking for a specific IP address. We could look for a specific IP address, but these are based on patterns to find all IP addresses. So keyword searching is one of the main tools that digital investigators use. We base a lot of our searches based off of patterns, but we can also search for literal strings, which is a name or a word or a phrase, whatever it is we're looking for. So you can set that in the global settings. Email parser sounds exactly what it does. So it opens up, if you're saving your email locally, most of the time, the email is saved inside kind of like a zip file as well. So this PST, for example, PST OST files are kind of like containers and they contain all of the email. So this email parser opens up those files and extracts everything out and then goes through and analyzes the emails directly. Extension mismatch detector. So this is related to file type identification. So extension mismatch detector is often it's a very simple way to do anti-forensics. Let's say you had a doc file or let's say you had an illegal picture. So it's a JPEG image but you want to hide it. You want to make sure that nobody can open it up. If you change the extension from JPG to .doc, then whenever you double click on it in Windows, it will not open up. So this is a relatively easy way to make people think that the file is just bad or there's nothing there or whatever. And then if you change the extension back, then you can still open up the image.  If you change it to back from .doc to JPG, you will be able to open up the image again. So it's a very simple way to try to hide things but it's very easy to detect as well. So this extension mismatch detector, if we go into global settings, we can see all of these different types of files. So we see all these file types. So let's click on application PDF. This is a file type and the extension that is acceptable for this file type is PDF. So just to show you, let me open this up, just to show you real quick. So I'm on the desktop and I have this file called Halim Info. So if I do file, I'm in Linux right now, if I do file Halim Info HWP, this HWP file is, they're pretty, they're basically Word documents. They're very specific to Korea only, as far as I know, only Koreans use them because they support Hangul. Okay, so if we do file Halim Info HWP, then it shows us a little bit, you know, Hangul Korean word processor file 5x. Okay, so if we do file dash I, then we can see the file type, which is application xhwp. So if I copy this, right? So right now in application x, I have application, for example, MS Office or application, you know, BZIP, all of these different applications, but I don't have this, this HWP application in it. So I can do new type. So the MIME type is application xhwp, click OK. Then application xhwp, click new extension. And what extension do we accept? Well, the extension is hwp. Okay. Okay. So now if we find, for example, image, image jpeg, if we have a image header, a file header that has the type of image jpeg, and we have an extension of hwp, we would have a file that doesn't really work, it doesn't open up, but we would detect, we would basically detect that they're trying to use extension changes to hide their files. Okay. So extension mismatch detector is a very simple, very powerful way, but autopsy comes with quite a few of the most common file types, but you really need to add your own. Okay. Next is E01 verifier. We took images, I believe in a raw image format, or a DD, or a DD image format. The image that I'm opening right now is an E01 or an expert witness file, which means that the hash value for the image is actually stored at the end, or in the footer of the file itself. Okay. So if you have a DD image, you don't need this because it won't do anything. So you can deselect it. I am currently using an E01 file, so I'm going to select it. Okay. Next is Android analyzer. You can, and we will, extract data from an Android phone and then use Sleuthkit to analyze this data, but right now I'm not analyzing Android data, so we're going to select, keep this module deselected. Interesting files identifier is a very, let's say, general, general module. You can configure it to say what types or what kinds of files you think are interesting. And then it will just filter these and provide you, for example, this interesting items dropdown menu. You can just select it and then see all the interesting items. So it's just a filter to quickly identify what you think is interesting. So if you go into global settings, there's lots of different ways you can configure it. MIME types, for example, the type of file patterns, you can do all sorts of rules for this. Photoreck Carver. Photoreck, we've already used a little bit. Photoreck basically just carves data out. Photoreck is the module is built into autopsy and it helps to do its file carving to especially extract data in unallocated space. And then Virtual Machine Extractor. If we're dealing with a real disk image, that real disk image might have a virtual machine inside of the disk image, which means we need to extract that virtual machine and treat it as a different computer. I know my image does not have a virtual machine inside of it, but if we were doing a real case, we would probably want to keep this checked just in case. Okay, so those are all the default modules. There's a lot of other modules you can add. There's modules available online. There's scripts available online that you can add more functionality to this. These are called ingest modules. Notice if I don't want to run something, then I can just select it or deselect it. And then if we click next, then it will start processing. So my image is relatively big. I'm going to start processing and we'll come back later and do the analysis. Thank you very much.


Life is good all this month at Appalachian Wireless. Get the LG G5 for just one penny with sign-up or renewal of a two-year service agreement. That's almost $100 off the regular price. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. This is my state, this is my home. Del Barton native, Beau Copley, formally announced his run for United States Senate today at the Mountaineer Hotel in downtown Williamson. Copley, also known as Minor Beau, last year confronted Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton during her campaign stop in Williamson. Copley worked in the mining industry for 11 years before being laid off. Now Copley is throwing his hat in the political ring. I love my state and I hate to see anyone take advantage of it.  And so for us to be able to do this is part of that story. Dozens of family and friends joined today's announcement, which was very emotional to Copley and to those who attended. To be able to do it here in Williamson, I've lived in Mingo County my entire life. You know, Williamson, the county seat for Mingo County, really wouldn't have thought of anywhere else that I could have done this. And nowhere else made sense if this was perfect for us. Copley says this was a tough decision for him and his family, but he is excited for the journey. It's a very important office and it's not something that we took very lightly. You know, we prayed a lot. We prayed over and over and over and finally we decided that we should pray together, Lauren and I, and we felt like God was not going to send me in a place that he wouldn't send her. For more information, visit Bow for WV.com. Reporting in Williamson, I'm Shelby Steele for EKB News.


18 quick tactical tip for everybody so I get asked a lot other night had a discussion with some friends about it stances on calling people cell phones text messaging when we're prospecting and I get in this stage 2018 cell phones completely fair game especially with the personas that we're hitting here and and when it comes to test math text messaging there's a time and a place so I'm not condoning cold texting you know before anybody has ever engaged but we can kill two birds with one stone here and so when you do have a prospect engaged and you're going to set the meeting and you're going to confirm that time at the end of the call hey okay thanks Kim so yeah next Wednesday at 2 I'm going to give you a call then hey you know a lot of my clients appreciate is I shoot them a text about an hour before the meeting you want me to do that for you bam 9 times out of 10 probably 10 times out of 10 they're going to give you their cell phone number they're giving express consent for you to interact with them by text and by their cell phone for the rest of the process they're moving forward and and you're doing them a favor you're doing them a service they're gonna be hey yeah you know people are running late and then on the flip side in making that meeting happen when it comes to confirming if it's five minutes after the hour and they haven't showed up on zoom yet bang you call their cell phone you know they're gonna say oh no I'm sorry you got caught up in something else I'm jumping on now so quick tactical tip for the team there cell phone numbers let's get them in a way that is doing a service and providing value to our customers thanks y'all


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