presentation of TFNN. The Tom O'Brien Show is produced every business day. Tom takes your phone calls toll-free at 1-877-927-6648. Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let's go to our man, Alan Homosasa. What's going on, brother? It is, isn't it wonderful? I went ahead and invested in your Tiger Dollars. And I went ahead and got your gold report for a year and also your call letter and stuff like that. And I got over 50% return in one day, not counting everything else. But I just want to thank you. Tom's not perfect, but he tells you how to put your stops in and keeps your losses small. You can take your small losses, but then all of a sudden you'll be like Dave Root and you'll pay the whole month. I mean a big whole month. And put the money in your pocket. Okay, brother. You're awesome, man. Thank you. Tom O'Brien. Welcome, folks. This is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We have five days a week. We go seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember, folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows. Hope everyone's having a great day, safe day. Let's make it a great week, folks. Surrender, let go of the past. This is a great card. Whatever life takes away from you, let it go. When you surrender and let go of the past, you allow yourself to be fully alive in the moment. Letting go of the past means that you're going to enjoy the dream that is happening right here, right now. Knock it wise. Let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industrial's up 46, Nasdaq down 16, S&P's off two and a half. Gold contract up $12.60, trade at 1950 an ounce. You get silver up 8 cents, $22.37 an ounce, light sweet crude up about 27. $78.44 a barrel, notes and bonds. Get the 10-year note. Flat 107.13, the 30-year of Dow's 6 ticks at 113.06 and King Dollar. King Dollar's trading down 213 ticks at 105.648. Euros at 107, the end's trading at 151 British pounds at 122 to one US dollar. We got iPhone numbers 877, 927.6648. Let's call, folks, one note's going on in your world. In the world of the S&Ps, let's take a look at them. What do you have? Bottom line, Friday had a big day. You took the B point out, you took it outward volume inside the spy, you're trading 440, you got a 462, A to B equals C to D, folks, okay? So, yeah, that's pretty bizarre, but the bottom line is that's what it is and you're all time high out here is the 479. So the next stop is 462. We're going to the Q's. And the X100, same type of setup. You get another ABC structure up on the Q's. What do you have with the Q's? The Q's are trading at 377. That's a 40242. You can see it blew it away, blew it away with volume. You had the wide price spread. You had the accelerated volume. What we did out here today is that bottom line is that we go back over to the, well, the Q's rejected 375, 24. It's a small day on the Q's. Spy's a little bit different, man. The spy was down about 1920 points, I believe. Yeah, you rejected 438 and we're at, oh no, no, I see what's going on. Yeah, well, that's because I'm trading pre-market folks, okay? The futures were down that. So, ES, let's bring that up, okay? They just brought up the spy and of course the spy wasn't the same as the futures. So when you bring the futures up, we were down to 4407 and right now you're at 4429. It gets down there, rejects lower price and what you have here, it's just slowly making it over this consolidation. This is a tough consolidation right there, man. It's gonna take a lot to get it over it but the bottom line, it's going for it. Notes and bonds, we take a look at the note and bond market and this is what's gonna help it. Bottom line is you're back down in the 10 year and the 30 year. You rejected lower price and you can see the differential in the volume out here today in a month's away in the note and bond market. So what you have out here, you have the 10 year bottom line. We got down to the 107, you rejected it. You're at 10712 and if you wanna hear a stat, folks, this is like a crazy stat. Listen to this, man. I was doing this last night, okay. So everyone's worried about people buying our bonds, right? Well, check this out, man. We paid October first, for October, we paid 88.9 billion in interest on our debt, right? Now that's 87% more than last October. Now that being said, though, guess what? Because we collected so much money in tax, it's actually the deficit, okay, which you have to worry about is down 24%, which is a total mindblower, okay, but that's how it is. And then if you take all our debt, folks, all the U.S. to debt, the bottom line is you're at a 3.05%. That's where we're at. Could you imagine if they, I mean, you know, they should have pushed out of so many bonds that 0% would be amazing, but 3.5 is better than I thought, actually. Let's go to our man, Costa in Boston. Costa, what's going on, brother? How you doing, Tommy, this afternoon? I'm doing great, man, yourself? Doing good, a little chilly up here. I've been, you know, it's so funny, we're having a big O'Brien reunion this weekend, and so I've been checking it out, and I am so happy that, you know, today it's freezing, folks, but it's gonna get 50 on Friday, so that's where we're coming in. Yeah, I know. Yeah, it is. Pfizer, right? Yes, where is this going, Tommy, finally? Did you buy it yet? Are you still waiting for that? No, no, no, no. I know, you're waiting for that low. I remember it. Listen, man, you gotta wait for that low, but you're getting right next to this. Listen, man, it's hard to comprehend, because I remember the last time you called, and it's like, man, are you really going to this low? And it is. You know, we're at the 2904, that 2442 wants to get hit, man, which is a mind-blower, man, particularly, you know, because, you know, not all these drug companies, but these drug companies have been on fire with, you know, the Ozympic and, you know, just other, you know, cancer-treating drugs that they're coming up with, so not quite sure what the problem is with Pfizer, but I would just let it stay there, because you need a good rejection. What you need is this. I wouldn't buy it on just the rejection of lower price cost there. The reason being is that this has been such a downdraft, so you'd let it reject lower price if that's what it's going to do. Then, you know, you're probably going to have to wait maybe three, four weeks. You need to sign a strength after that. Then you buy the retracement, because that would show that there's larger institutions that are coming in at that point.  You know, it went from 24 all the way up to the 60 bucks. So I just let it get there first, man. Okay, probably. Okay, you have a great one, safe one, and stay warm, brother. Take care. Okay, man, thanks so much. The, so let's go look at this dollar, because the dollar, DXY, this baby, you know, it's in the higher range right now. It's not gonna take much for it to get in the lower range again. You know, we'll see. Yeah, you're only, 565 is the lower range, and right now you're at 623. That's the 637. That's the last three numbers, that's what I'm giving you. Stay right there, folks. Come back with our man, Mr. Steve Rose. We are gonna be talking markets out here. We have the Dow Industries up to 67. That's like down eight S&P's flat. We're coming right back. Currencies, commodities, and bond markets are as important as ever right now with how they're driving the volatility in equity markets across the globe, which is why it's a great time to try out Teddy Kegstad's Tiger Forex Report. 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Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter, Market Insights, your key to successful active trading. Tom O'Brien, renowned for his expertise in the financial markets, has designed Market Insights to be your daily guide to profitable trades. Tom publishes his daily Market Insights newsletter every market day before the market open, along with updates when warranted. Stay ahead of the game with Tom's real-time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox.  Ready to join the ranks of successful traders? Head over to TFNN.com and subscribe to Market Insights today. Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results. Market Insights comes with a 30 day money back guarantee for all new subscribers so you have nothing to risk. Don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game. Head over to TFNN.com right now to join the thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter Market Insights firsthand, TFNN, educating investors. TFNN has just launched their new trading room, the Tiger's Den, hosted at Discord. TFNN has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours and now they are expanding their reach with the Tiger's Den, available to all Tigers and Tigresses for just $1 for the year. There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders. In the Tiger's Den, you can look over the shoulders of Tom O'Brien and the other TFNN hosts while they analyze charts during their live Tiger TV programs and join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members exchanging ideas, interact with other Tigers and Tigresses as they share trading ideas, news analysis and discuss the market action all trading day, even at night and on the weekends. The Tiger's Den at Discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well, so it's always at your reach. To sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders, just visit the front page of TFNN.com. Toll-free at 1-877-927-6648. Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Welcome back folks to Dow. Dow Industries right now up 70 and the Aztec is down nine. S&P's a flat. Let's get over to our mammoth to Steve Rhodes as we do each and every Monday at 20 past the hour. And don't forget folks, Steve does an outstanding show here every trading day. 11 to 12, Eastern state at the time also has a great newsletter, Mastering Probability. Now it's very easy to get Steve's newsletter. Come over to our website at TFNN, you're gonna go into newsletters, you're gonna see it right on the right-hand side Mastering Probability. You can get Mastering Probability for one month for $149. Six months to $695 which is a savings of $199 are 22% in one full year for $1195 which is a savings of $593 or 33%. Now they all come with a 30-day money-back guarantee folks, okay? So as you're coming over here, there's no reason that you can't get a year, six months. If it works for you, awesome. That Steve has a huge amount of indicators that as soon as you get this newsletter you're gonna basically get all of Steve's indicators also, so it's a plus-plus all around. If for some reason the newsletter doesn't work for you, 28th day just cancel it, you're still gonna understand the indicators he has and you're gonna have a great newsletter for the month. Steve Rhodes, what's going on? Hey, I loved, I think that was one of the four agreements cards that you were reading or is that a different card? No, that was the four agreements, yeah. Yeah, I love that card. It's a beauty, man. And it's so hard to do, but it's a beauty because once you start doing it, it's just like your life works for us. I mean, it's a fact, yeah. Yeah, yeah, well, I mean, each and every day, when I start the show, I suggest that people not become prisoners of their past, instead pioneers of their future, right? So it's really the exact same, we're very similar. Yes. There's some different language about it, but when it comes to trading and investing, it's like the number one thing you've gotta do. That it definitely is. We're not gonna get into a trade that goes south or what have you. And if you let that just sit there, it's gonna be hard to take that next trade. No doubt, man, no doubt. So it's great because it just works like that for everything in life. And especially, you and I, we've got a number of grandkids, let alone our children and so forth. You can just see how, it's just so important, I'm sure with the grandkids, you're having a blast, keeping them empowered. Yes. Yeah, so I think it's a great card. I love when you read those cards. No, because as Steve does, folks, and I haven't seen Steve personally in a while, but when he was here, we used to go out golfing and have some fun. And the attitude is the name of the game, man. I mean, a good attitude, folks, can bust you through anything. I mean, and it can.  And I'm sure you have them too. It's just, you gotta be tenacious, man. And keep the attitude there. And you can change everything, man. It's so weird, man, that I really believe you can change it. So it's like, okay, it is what it is. You only believe when you believe. So it's like, okay, man, that's, you know. Hey, look, some of my worst golf shots turned into some of the best golf shots. How cool is that? I've scored Eagles, you know, from places that there's no way that it should have happened. That is cool. And a par four, you know, sinking from behind the trees or wherever it is. So, you know, I just have this belief that we're where we're supposed to be. And then you've got to take that positive frame of mind and, you know, move forward. So anyway, so I love that card.  So I thought we'd follow up on that a bit. And last week, what we were looking at, folks, we were looking at the New York Stock Exchange, the advanced client oscillator. You know, the advanced client oscillator, what that does, folks, is that take the advanced decline line and it shows us the difference between the 19 and the 39 day exponential moving average. I won't go into the detail as to why I use that, but those are really important exponential moving averages out there. It's a second panel out here where it says advanced client oscillator that we're taking a look at. And when it gets above plus 150, it tells us that we are in an overbought condition. Now, an overbought condition does not necessarily mean that the market is top. It might just mean a short-term top, but does not necessarily mean that the market has topped. And since then, the overbought condition has been worked off. And we can see here, now this was a snapshot from maybe about a half an hour ago, that advanced client oscillator, I've got a little red line, it's a zero line that's out there. I see it, yep. And the simple meaning of that, Tom, and everybody listening, is when price is above that, it tells us that generally speaking, buyers are the ones in control. And when price is below that, zero threshold line, it tells us that sellers, now it's a little bit more complicated than that, but that's the basic general meaning that most people could go with out there. So during the last three years though, whenever, and we talked about this last week, whenever that advanced client oscillator closes above the plus 150 level, so again, we're looking at that second panel out here, that the way that the New York Stock Exchange has formed its top is when prices move higher. So we're looking at these folks, and we're looking at these green diagonal lines on top of price, it shows price going higher, but when you start taking a look at the area below that advanced client oscillator, what we see is a falling tops pattern out there. So right now what we need to see is we need to see price get above that high that was formed out here, which is 15, 475, 19. So that's a level that we're watching. If price can close above that, and we still have these declining tops, that's at least the pattern that's been associated with tops inside at least the New York Stock Exchange or the general market at that stage. So that's still something that we're looking for. However, this is a however, if we take a look at the daily cash indices out here, and this is again a snapshot from earlier, what we will see out here is one of the patterns that you reference, one of the indicators and tools that I use is the TD9 count pattern. And here if we take a look at the NDX100, it's gonna complete a TD9 count top today, as is the NASDAQ composite. Now when you take a look at the other indices, we don't have that indication yet. But the NASDAQ can certainly drive markets lower. And what that suggests is that we should see retracement back to the oscillator and change line. For the NDX100, it's around the 15068 level for the NASDAQ composite to be around the 13,398 area. Now this is a table, Tom, that I generated. This is one of the market analyzers. And I include market analyzers like this inside the daily and the evening newsletter that I put out here. But this is a scan of the entire NDX100. And what this shows us is that 28% of the instruments inside the NDX100 either have or are likely to form TD9 count tops. So that's a pretty decent indication. And when you take a look at this chart, it suggests that price would pull back to this column here that says daily oscillator and change line out there. Now, if we take a look at the top 10 holdings in the NDX100, those represent 52% of the weighting. And here we've got seven of those instruments that are 41.6% of the weighting that are going to form these TD9 count tops between today and tomorrow out there. Here's Apple I've got down here. In the case of Apple, we'd be looking for price to pull back again to its oscillator and change line. So if anybody was copying this, they can take a look at those potential trades. Here's an example of a trade here. Here's a failed pattern. This is Costco. And last Friday, Costco confirmed a TD9 count top. But what it also did is it passed a B point with volume. It created the A to B equal CD. So Costco is likely going to make a move up to at least 577.89. I say at least because this retracement was about a 0.382 retracement. Apple's going to confirm that TD9 count top today. Take a look at the last two tops inside of Apple, TD9 counts. So we're going to get that same pattern today and price should pull back to the 179.27 area out there. Again, folks, here are all of the instruments inside the NDX100. And I'll give you a quick trade potential. Those folks that want to go short, take a look at AMAT. Because in the case of AMAT out here, it's got a nice move down to about that 141.38 level. And the stop would be just a close above Friday's high. Folks, it's very easy to get Steve's newsletter. You just saw a glimpse of a couple of the indicators that he used. Come over to our website at TFN Newsletters on the right-hand side. You get the master in probability, hit that button. Steve, have a great one. That's a safe one we look for to show tomorrow. Thanks, Tom. Take care. Stay right there, folks. Come right back. As successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks, and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know, and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. TFNN.com, educating investors. Steve Rhodes started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago, and the student has now become the master. Steve won the prestigious Timer of the Year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019, finishing at number two for the year, an amazing accomplishment. Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn, and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his Mastering Probability Newsletter. 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For free, each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money. Watch online at TFNN.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be, TFNN. Educating Investors. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit watch Tiger TV. Welcome back, folks. Down Dish is up 70 and Azix down 13. S&P's a flat. And we take a look at what's gonna get, so calendar-wise, folks, with this, is we have the CPI tomorrow at 8.30. You get the retail sales Wednesday at 8.30 and you get the PPI Wednesday at 8.30, okay? So that's their market moving events. There's no doubt about it. We'll see where it shakes out. My take is that we're on ABC Structures on the way up because you had both of them basically take out the B point, took it out with volume. It's the most deviant thing that the market can do right now. And when you stop putting that all together, and the biggest take is this note and bond market. The note and bond market wants higher price. The dollar wants lower price. So when you stop putting that together, it's like, okay, we're going higher. We're gonna take a look at the Harmony. So Harmony, this is a big one because when Harmony makes money, it can make money hand over fist. Now Harmony came out with their numbers last night. The low for the year is 290, the highest, 543. That's trading at 472 right now. And what happens with these South African equities folks, okay, Harmony does I think 1.3 million ounces a year. So Harmony, let's say, backed its full year guidance after the first quarter production rose on higher output and most of its operations, okay? The South African company, Monday said it produced 7% more gold in the three months of September 30th versus the preceding quarter. So they did 425,130 ounces compared to 395,520. It's a big number folks, okay? Now this gets really interesting, okay? Because they're all in sustaining cost, okay? Is 1404. Now for South African equity, gold equity, that's pretty good. Because you get to understand something, this is what's so amazing about this, is that these mines are down miles. So they've been digging gold for over 100 years. And that's how deep it is and normally what ends up happening, I've seen this number way over 1400. But you can see, now what all in means, all in sustaining means that you're not only gonna get the gold out of the ground, but then you're gonna put so much aside to basically fix that mine later. Now in South African talk, I'm not quite sure what that is because how do you fill up three to four miles down in the earth, I don't know. But bottom line is that this is a big number. So now their total production is gonna be 1.38 million to 1.48 million. Now watch what also happens here. This is where this gets interesting. We go to the RAND. Okay, so you go to the RAND all up and what comes out here is that we're trading 18 RANDOLs to one US dollar, okay. And then let's go back to Harmony just for a second because this is where they really clean up. So you have Harmony, bottom line is that they got 38,000 employees, right. So what happens folks is that they get paid, what happens in South Africa in general, no, it does happen in South Africa. When you even get paid in cash you have to transfer it into RAND. I believe it's within 60 days. Bottom line is that as the RAND, okay, this is a very weak RAND it has been. Now I expect we're gonna see if the dollar goes lower this also will basically get stronger, okay. But at this particular point you're gonna see you're up at the 1870 area. So what happens is that those 38,000 employees, right. Harmony gets paid in cash and then has to pay their expenses in RAND. And just to give you an idea of the flexibility there, just six months ago, one last year ago, no, no, two years ago you were at 13 to one, now you're at 18 to one. When you start doing the numbers on that it turns into, it's called a raring and that's what they call it. It turns into monster money man. So that's good news for South African mines because the bottom line is that those things they were on a give up situation a good 10 years ago. There's no doubt about that. So we'll see where it does shake out. If we take a look at Franco-Nevade, FNV, this still has problems and this has problems on the Panama deal. So what is also happening inside of the gold market right now is that there's these jurisdictions that hadn't been risk, well they're always risk but it hasn't been big risk in the past that it turned into major risk. And one of them, and I brought this up plenty of times is Meg Silva. This one here is just insane actually. And can I understand why? Because what ends up happening in the new laws in Mexico they can basically take this mining concession away from you pretty quickly. Now what you had with Meg Silva, this was one of the strongest gold stocks there was, okay? And now it just can't move. I mean, the way it's looking at almost looking like me, you're at 9.69, it looks pretty tough man. I mean, it has a high volume law, I don't even want to say it, down at like 384. And the problem is the only mine that they have is in Mexico. But you can see the expansion of revenue was huge man. I mean, 2020 they did 15 million. Last year they did 460, they're looking to do 478. The problem is, is that the way that new law are structured that they can pull back 10 to 15 years of the licensed ASAP. That's the first part. The second part is they can really just do almost anything they want. And that is a huge problem. Now, yeah, granted we'll go through courts and all that, but that's a whole new bottom line for Mexico, okay? You know, and we'll see what does end up happening because I believe that they're coming up with elections too next year. So this is where when you do put together the election cycle versus where you're investing, you know, it could get really, there could be some opportunities out there because out of all the gold stocks that I do cover, you know, I don't have a lot of these exploration stocks in Mexico, which say they trade a lot of them up in Canada, right? Those things have got spokes beyond belief, the exploration stocks. Because what happens with the law folks is that you can put your flag in the ground, meaning you get the permit. But if you don't put any money into the infrastructure within two years, they can take it away immediately. And an exploration stock is not gonna be putting money into one of their mines within two years. It's almost impossible, okay?  You know, so I think there's gonna be further problems there. That's what it looks like to me. Dow, Dow Industries right now, up 71, Nasdaq's down 16, SAP's are off one. Stay right there folks, we'll come right back. If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market, then Rocket Equities and Options Report is a newsletter you should try. Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals. Sign up for Rocket Equities and Options Report today with a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. For all the details and to start your subscription today, visit the front page of TFNN.com, TFNN Educating Investors. Biotech is booming, but for how long? Whether you think the Biotech bull has room to run or has run its course, trade LABU or LABD, Directions Daily S&P Biotech three times bull and bear ETFs. Visit DirectionInvestments.com slash Biotech today. 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Folks, the Dow. The Dow industry is right now trading up 64 and Essex down to 18, S&Ps are off two and a half. And don't forget, folks, our man, Mr. Larry Pezzavento, he's gonna be doing a live trading event for you coming this Wednesday, only two days from now. 8 a.m. to noon, Larry's not been doing, this, I believe the sixth one he has, this is only, it's $295, folks. Now, when you get to the 295, you not only get the live trading event that you're looking over Larry's shoulder for four hours and you can trade what he's trading, but the bottom line, you also get his newsletter and his newsletter alone is $149. So you're gonna get a newsletter for a full month, you're gonna get some great education. So check it out on the front page of TFNN. That is gonna be from 8 in the morning to noon, this coming Wednesday. So big deal out here. Supreme Court, okay, so the Supreme Court, this is the big news of the day, like it makes a difference, right? The bottom line is the Supreme Court, let's see, where is it here, Supreme Court, yeah. So the Supreme Court decided to adapt a code of conduct, but check it out. This is like a joke, folks, okay? This is why I can see so many people who've flipped out about government sometimes, okay, because the bottom line is that you got to suppose you're code of conduct and inside of this code of conduct, the bottom line is no enforcement or complaint mechanisms.  Justice Thomas there, he's been on the feed for like so long, it's like pretty amazing, man, it's just give it every six to eight weeks, you'll see a new article out there about just how his troth, how many of these billionaires put the troth right in front of him and he just keeps eating it up in a monster way. So I suspect, hey, it's not gonna change anything, you know, or if it does, the bottom line is a few, well, him in particular has got away with, like it's just amazing what he's actually got away with. Okay, so now let's go inside the Dow industrials and see what we got out here. So inside the Dow putting points into it, you got Boeing 57, Caterpillar 16, Walmart 12, 22, that's positive, taken away from it, it's Home Depot minus 24, Microsoft minus 19, Nike minus 11.   Let's look, let's take a look at Eli Lilly because this, there's no doubt these weight loss drugs folks, okay, are changing everything pretty quickly here. So if we take a look at Eli Lilly, look at that scale, my God, just in one, so in one year, it went from 309 to 629, revenue they are looking for, yeah, it bumps them up, they're looking for another 5 billion next year over this year, so they're doing 33.6 billion this year, they're looking for 38.9 billion next year. Big numbers, man, you know, and what has happened is that it seems that these drugs actually help more than just with the eating aspect, they're helping people that do have heart conditions, that's the MO out here, so it's gonna be a big, it is a big drug, it's gonna be a bigger drug, the real question is how long can they keep the price structure up, but I suspect that they're gonna keep that up for quite a while, and they're big enough that the aspect of that, let's see, general mills, I mean, probably general, I bet general mills is bought by someone else, right? More than likely, oh, no, no, that's still there, okay. So if we look at general mills, let's take a look at this. So this is trade, low for the S60, the high is 90. These food companies have been coming out with warnings that, this is pretty amazing actually that they have it together that dramatically, that they're gonna be selling less of their package goods and they think that this is gonna go on for at least a couple different companies think a couple different things, but what you're talking about, year and a half to two years, because they don't think the peak in the osempic and these other drugs that are out here and will be out here won't peak until that level and they're trying to figure out how much more of their junk food that folks won't eat, because what happens folks is that you not only do take off the way, but you take off the way because you're eating less. So I don't know what's in those drugs. If we go back to the 50s and the 60s, the bottom line is that there were speed pills, right? First it was speed pills, then it was something else, then they're selling them over the counter, there's always something, but it seems like this particular drug is good for a lot more than just taking off weight and they, the bottom line is that you have hot conditions or if you're overweight and you have too much watering you hot, all those things can do your nut, do your under and do your under pretty quick. So the food companies are gonna end up getting hit and they're just trying to figure out how much you're getting hit, but you can see when they come out with warnings like that, just how attuned they are to the marketplace. I mean, they're attuned like beyond belief that every single bar that we own that we buy, they wanna make sure that you're not only buy it and you buy it again and again and again. So pretty wild, no doubt about it. Let's go take a look at some of the higher volume equities that we do have trading out here today.  Now what's gonna be interesting about that is that of course, Nvidia is the leader in the film and the deal and these other chip companies are coming out and saying, well, they're gonna have something better. Well, we're gonna find out because Nvidia has a high volume high and that's what it's going for right now. We're at 488, it's 502, that's gonna get hit, you know? And that's a real high volume high, man. So what's also happening, let's look at this. See, this is cool, man. And Nvidia's coming out with their numbers after the close on the 21st. So what you can get is that that, you know, that high volume high has the chance of being another high volume high because it could just blow that baby away. So we'll see where it shakes out, but the high volume high is on its way to get tested right now. Dow, Dow industry was up 59, Nasdaq down 15, S&P's are down two. Stay right there folks, come right back. Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award winning newsletter, Market Insights, your key to successful active trading. Tom O'Brien, renowned for his expertise in the financial markets, has designed Market Insights to be your daily guide to profitable trades. Tom publishes his daily Market Insights newsletter every market day before the market open, along with updates when warranted. Stay ahead of the game with Tom's real time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox.  Ready to join the ranks of successful traders? Head over to TFNN.com and subscribe to Market Insights today. Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results. Market Insights comes with a 30 day money back guarantee for all new subscribers, so you have nothing to risk. Don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game. Head over to TFNN.com right now to join the thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award winning newsletter, Market Insights firsthand. TFNN, educating investors. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. TFNN.com, educating investors. Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence. This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market. To stay on top of stock patterns you can take advantage of, sign up for the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter at TFNN.com. When you subscribe, you'll get a weekly report from Veteran Day Trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks you need to pay attention to and you can trust Larry's analysis. After all, he's got 45 years experience as a day trader. Larry will also provide daily charts, videos, and data on the key markets that he's tracking. Expect notifications from Larry on market movement you need to act on at any time. First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter today. TFNN.com, educating investors. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit watch Tiger TV. Welcome back folks, I doubt. Now the industry is up 45, Nasik down 27, SAPs up four and a half. Now listen to this number man, this is a trip. Thanksgiving travel in the U.S. is gonna hit post COVID high. Thanksgiving travel is shaping up to be the busiest since 2019, AAA is expecting 5.4 million Americans to travel 50 miles or more. Now on top of that, listen to this, this makes the third highest Thanksgiving travel and records going back to 2000. As many as 41.1 million Americans are expected to drive an increase of 1.7%. But on top of that, air travel is gonna reach the highest since 2005, despite the increased fares and they've increased fares man, I mean there's no doubt. Big numbers man, people spend their money so it's gonna get interesting there. Particularly when we get retail sales out is that the retail sales, which is on the 15th, those might be going up too man, we'll see where it shakes out but that is some big, big numbers folks, okay? So folks are still spending money. I mean, the air fares alone, the air fares and these extras that they add on to the air fares is just unbelievable. I mean, they're still getting away with just highway robbery, there's no doubt. They should be making a lot more money. In fact, it's amazing that they haven't because when you get on the planes, you're in like cattle, right? Yeah, see these airlines man, I don't have a buy on the airline because if we know what the price is at right now, like looking at American airlines, you're at 24 hollows man. Last high that was up here was 68, or 88, yeah, 88. And they can, putting all of that, they still can't make money, that's pretty intense. That's really, always remember folks to back and claw your heart out the bull can run you over and thank God there's always another trade. Health happens in prosperity. Have a great night folks, have a safe night, come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kicks us off 9 a.m. Don't forget about man, I'm Larry Pezzavento, he's gonna be doing a live trading event for you. It's gonna be eight to noon this coming Wednesday. It's only 295 dollars and that includes a news, his newsletter for a full month. Have a great one folks, have a safe one.


Oh my gosh, there's so many windows there. It's me, John Park, and it's time for another JP's product pick of the week. So thanks so much for stopping by for joining us over in our YouTube chat and the Discord chat. And that's where things are happening, in case you're wondering, in case you're over on Twitch or LinkedIn Learning or one of the other, not LinkedIn Learning LinkedIn, what do they call that stream? I forget now. The LinkedIn stream, Facebook, those are places. And we broadcast there, but the chat is happening largely in our Discord. And that's at adafru.it slash Discord, if you're wondering where it's at. That's what it looks like right there. There's a nice little conversations going on there. Rich Saad, Jim Hendrickson, C-MAC, Mike P. Hello, Dexter Starbird. Nice to see you. And we've also got Tackle the World, John Oh, and Roy Kazitski and Davodesa over in YouTube. Hello and welcome. So let's see. Let's get on with the show. First thing I wanna do is send you to the URL where you will find our product pick of the week this week in case you wanna head there and get a jump on it because we've got a big honking discount. It's gonna be a 50% discount today on the product pick of the week. So I'd love for you to jump on that. And this show is broadcast from inside the page. So you can head there, watch the show, and learn a little bit more about the product. And buy one or more, up to 10 if you like. So let's see. What I'm gonna do next is have Lady Aida tell us a little bit about this product pick by jumping back to her new, new, new product of the week segment when this originally was released. So take it away, Lady Aida. It is the Stemma Relay. So this is, actually this was designed a while ago by a request by Bill B. He's like, I want an easy way to plug and play different relays. And we had relay feather wings, but they weren't easy to attach solderlessly. So this lets you, because there's a Stemma connector on it, the JST three pin connector, it's easy to connect it with alligator clips or breadboard wires without any soldering at all. And also the terminal blocks or SMT terminal blocks that don't require a screwdriver to use. All right, so this is the lamp. And then if you go to the overhead, I'll show what I've built here. So this demo has a circuit playground express where you can of course use any mic controller board. And I just have it blinking red and green Neopixel so I know what it's doing. And then what's nice with the Stemma is you can use these alligator clips. So you plug in the alligator clips onto this so you can use a micro bit. And then that plugs into here. So this can do you up to 60 Watts is a 60 watt light bulb. That's convenient up to 240 volts or 110 to 240 volts. And you can use it with resistive or inductive loads with inductive loads. You do have to de-rate it a little bit. So I'm going to use, I want to turn this off and I'm going to unplug it. So these terminal blocks are a little bit different than what most people are used to. So I just don't want to show those because they're a little bit unusual. So usually terminal blocks use screws but this is the first time we're using these terminal blocks that have these little nubs and you can just use a pen to push down and then you can remove live demo. Oh man, that's not, hold on. Well, it was totally working earlier. There you go. You just have to like really press down. Yeah. And if you catch your hands, it's tough. Maybe you can pull it while I. Yeah, what do you want to just pull it out? Yeah. Okay.  There you go. Thank you. Cool. I'll have to do a video. And then if you want to plug wires in, you don't need to use a tool.  Let's do this one. I'm not having good demo fun. Okay, there you go. So when you press it in, there's a little clip inside that grabs the wire.  There you go. That grabs the wire and you'll feel it and then you can't really easily. I mean, you could pull really hard. You can yank it out. For the most part, these are really stuck in quite nicely. So it's no screwdriver required for the terminal box, which is kind of neat. And then with the JST cable, we have different cables. This one is alligator clip. We also have one that has a plane of wires for breadboards or sockets. So you can use it with a Raspberry Pi or Arduino. And the Stemo Relay will work with a three volt or five volt logic and power. So either way, it's kind of a all in one. You don't have to worry about the flyback diode. You don't have to worry about an LED. You don't have to worry about the current on the signal pin. That's all taken care of for you. It is the Stemo Relay. So this is actually... Whoops, I didn't set that to hold. So I'm just gonna loop. Yes, so that is it. Let's in fact jump to my little mystery box that I've got right here with one of this week's products loaded right into it. This is, by the way, the standard government issue L703D6-49 mystery box, a good one, a good vintage. So let's check it out. Ooh, yes, there it is, fresh in the bag. I opened it, but I haven't even taken this one out yet. And that is it. That's our product pick of the week. It is the Stemo Mini Relay Breakout Board. It is a non-latching relay. It is controlled by three to five volts control voltage. And you can use it to pass anywhere up to about, I think, 250 volts AC or DC. At 120 volts or 110, you get about half an amp current draw safely through this. And then more as you go to some of this sort of lower voltages with DC. So cool features of this. This has the Stemma port. Now, we talk about Stemma QT a lot on this show. Stemma is this three pin JST. So this is just a signal, power, and ground, which you can control from pretty much any digital pin on your microcontroller. It's not I squared C. It's just a straight, easy connection to a pin. It makes it easy to plug and play. And as Lady Aida said, we have a lot of different cables for this. This is a nice one here. This is the one I'm gonna use in my demo. Let me move the mystery box here. So this type of cable allows us to just plug into some header sockets with the signal on white, ground on black, and power on red there. We also have a socket version of that. So if you have something with pins sticking up out of it, you can plug that on. And then we also have, you can see here, I've got the alligator clip variant of it. So you just plug this end in here and we are ready to control one of the pins, or rather we're ready to control the relay from one of the pins on your microcontroller. So let's jump over to the product page for a moment. Here you can see it. And if I reload, we should see that this is now a terrific price, $2.98 cents. It's half priced. And the nice thing about this is that you don't have to worry about setting up any of the rest of the circuits.  None of that is necessary. It's all set up for you on the board so it's easy to go. And let's see, you've also got on here a little, you can see it there. You've got a little set of pins that you can plug in an optional screw terminal block if you don't wanna use these, but these are great. You can see in that video, they are definitely hard to remove the wire from so they really grip it nicely, which is good. Thinner wire is gonna come out easier, I think, but Lady Aida in that demo was using sort of lamp wire. And you can see the stats on it on the back. The center pin here is common and then you can either use a normally closed or a normally open pin on this. So let's get to a demo. Actually, before we get to a demo, let's take a look from this page, from the product page. If you scroll down, you will see that there are a couple of learn guides related to this. If you click the first one, you'll go to check out the primary guide for it, the main guide for it, which tells you everything about the pin outs, all the specs and stats, and a couple of little usage demos, but essentially if you can blink an LED, if you know how to set a pin to high or low, then you can drive this little relay board and you can have some really larger things plugged into it to control lamps, fans, things like that. Some example projects that you might do with it, here's one that Isaac Wellich did, which is a room occupancy status, what is it, no code room occupancy status. So this one doesn't even use a microcontroller, it's just using a PIR sensor that can set a pin high or low, sort of built into it, no coding required. So for my demo, what I'm gonna do, let's go back to our pure down shooter shot here and I'm gonna slide some things into view. And what I've got here is a little cutie pie, I'm gonna refocus here one second, pretty good. And I can get in a little closer, I think, too. That's pretty good. So I have a cutie pie here that I've attached some little right angle headers to so I can plug in my power ground and signal. I'm using signal over the MO, MOSI pin here, but you could use any digital capable pin. And then I've got a standard sort of 110 light socket here, some old Ikea lamp with a LED bulb plugged into it. But this could be an incandescent if you wanted to just make sure that you're within about a half a amp usage in this scenario. And then for my connection over to the StemAQT relay board, arrange things here, you can see what I've done is I have a lamp plug that's plugged in to my AC power. And then I'm using one of these nice Wego connector nuts to connect one line and the other is going into common. And then my lamp wire, which is this sort of cloth covered wire, is going into the normally closed side of this. And so if we take a look at the code I've got running here, let me shrink this a bit and move that out of the way. Set that over there, okay? So what's going on in code here is I'm treating this essentially like any pin that you would drive. So I'm bringing in the digital IO, one second, there we go. So I'm importing the digital IO library, then I'm setting up a variable called relay pin and on that I have a digital IO, digital in, out and I'm specifying the board's MOSI pin. This could be any digital pin. Then I'm setting that direction to be an output pin and I'm initially setting it to false, which means it's not going to trip the relay. If I just simply change this to true and hit save, bam, we have our light bulb going off. So you can see I'm sort of terrifyingly underlit now. And wow, I'm blinded. Now I can just undo that and hit save and it's going to turn that right back off. So if I instead of just setting that, whoops, just setting that one true or false, if I set up a little sort of blink command here, so I'm sleeping for four seconds, then I'm setting the value to high, then I'm sleeping for four seconds and setting it to low. So I hit save on that and now you'll see every four seconds it's going to turn on, hold for four seconds and then it's going to turn back off. Okay, and so you can imagine now you have the power to control that using something else. It could be an IoT thing, it could be a sensor-based thing, it could be random, but I'm now able to control that lamp safely and easily, even though this is, you wanna be careful with this, this is high-voltage stuff that I'm doing here. But the way I have this set up right now, it's fairly safe and easy to deal with. Now you may want to use electrical tape, cap-ton to really, or even heat shrink to sort of shrink up this whole thing to make sure no one can touch any dangerous parts of it. But it is, if you're interested in doing high-voltage stuff, a good way to do it. You can of course also do low-voltage things, 12-volt types of things, five volts, whatever you want in DC. All right, so let's see, let me pause that there. What I'll do is just resave that code.  There we go, so that's turned it off. And if I unplug the bulb, so what I'm gonna do is actually I've got a switch that I can turn off that. What you'll see is on this, actually is this, I don't think I have a, yeah, I don't have a status LED on here, do I? I don't think I do. But you could set that up as you saw in the demo that Lamor did to turn on some NeoPixels or a little status indicator to light up a little LED. And it's really doing the same thing. All right, so let's see, let's check in on the chat if there are any questions. My PS non-latching means it'll go low if power is lost. That's correct. And in fact, let's demonstrate that. So I'm gonna turn the power back onto the AC power line that's running here. I will run over to my code window here. Let's set this to true and hit save. So it just turned on the power by magnetizing or energizing the magnet and coil for the relay in there. So it's essentially a little magnet that's pulled the switch closed. If I remove power headed to that relay one way or another if I unplug the QT pie or just unplug one wire from this, it is now going to use a spring to go back to its open position. So that's what a non-latching relay will do. And you'll notice when I plug it back in, it's not like it resets it or anything like that. So I would have to resave this code or whatever the condition is that causes that to be energized would have to start again. So let's see if I can reset. So yeah, that's a great question. That's what the latching relay or versus non-latching relay is all about. Let's see, we'll resave that. Okay, any other questions? Let's see if there are no questions. Oh, here's one and I don't know the answer to it. Tackle the world over in YouTube asks Wago or Wago connector pronunciation. I don't know, W-A-G-O, that's these nice sturdy connectors here. I don't know how you pronounce that. Wago, I've heard Wago more, I think. That's probably what I've said. All right, and yeah, Bill, AT Maker Bill is in the chat over on Discord and he got the call out, shout out from Lamor. It was, I think, Bill's request to get a nice little neat relay. I've built these kinds of things in the past. When I had relay types of projects that used multiple, I've made little like perf board things like this. So it's really nice to have a simple ready to go. It's got mounting holes on it. It's very easy to use. Rich Satas is there, I think he means is there a latching similar product? No, I don't think we have this as a latching relay version. I think we only have the non-latching. We do have your featherwing as a latching and a non-latching. And Bill asks about the right angle. These are actually, we sell these in the store, I think. These are right angle, I didn't bend them. These are right angle header pins that I just trimmed down and use. Yeah, I like that arrangement for keeping things low and flat. All right, so we can jump back on over to this here product page and get ready to finish things up. So yeah, there is the product page right there. That's your STEM on non-latching mini relay. Do we still have them in stock? Let's reload this and see. It's always exciting to see. Yes, we do. So go fill up your cart with them. You can get up to 10 of them and turn some things on and off with relays. It's lots of fun. Let me pull this screen off of here and I'm gonna use one of these JST connectors as my hanger there when I put that on the board. So that right there, that's the product pick of the week. It is the STEMMA non-latching mini relay breakout board. And that's gonna do it for the product pick of the week for Adafruit Industries. I'm John Park and I will see you next time. Thanks everyone for stopping by. Bye-bye.


What is going on guys, welcome back to the channel and I do appreciate you being here. Today I am back with another Destiny 2 video and today guys I bring you something I haven't done in ages and that is an engram opening video as well as cashing in my iron banner band is trying to get that good shit, but before we go any further guys if you do enjoy the video and would like to show you support you can by hitting that like button and if you are new around here and enjoy daily Destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe. Okay so I have all of my iron banner band to cash in and you also get iron banner tokens for these these things right here so I'm gonna be opening all of these be opening the engrams as well from Saladin and hopefully get some decent loot now let's just take a second to talk about this quest here the grenade finer blows part of this iron banner quest which rewards the new armor is absolutely scandalous I mean I'm a hunter as well grenade finer blows ain't the easiest thing to do it's just it's it's heartbreaking people it really is I mean I've done all my iron banner band is in the time I've got 63% and all your I think your teammates grenades count as 1% and your grenade kills count as 3% I'm not sure and I'm not sure as well if you use grenades like oh like this one right here I can't remember what it's called incendiary grenade I believe it is I don't believe it counts if they burn to death don't quote me on that but I was getting plenty of grenade kills where enemies seem to be burning to death but I'm not sure they were counting but hey ho but yeah that quest is ridiculous and the point you have to do on every character if you roll with warlock titan under hunter is ridiculous as well so yeah but let's get into it people actually let's cash these in first let's cash these in there's a few weapons I'm after I do want a wizards rebuke if I can get one of those I'm not even sure what drops from these I haven't really had a look but let's go powerful gear oh criminals dagger I'll take one of them claws of the wolf the heroes burden the iron trades grips come on stop giving me a grenade launchers game I mean I've got gauntlets I've got legs because what I've unlocked so far with the quest that I am ban a quest but we'll still check them out anyway because I am after decent role one of these that helped me with my SMGs in that well I got nothing there legs as well SMG scavenger along with that's actually not not bad not back I'm not going to be close because I didn't really play comp last season so I've just smashed through this season and I got the recluse and the revoker at the same time so yeah out on hipfire man oh my I get shocking roles man I mean outlaw hipfire isn't the worst but wow game you two again this mantled I don't even I don't even want you I take that I rather have the cause I really would okay so we have how many tokens of your 200 there we go so we have quite a few packages to get through as well so let's go the raffer the dragon gauntlets heroes burden huh game hates me game hates me I don't have to be all the wizard rebuke please have a decent role and you know I don't even know because I don't really use fusion rifles in this game I don't know what the best role is for one I'm not even gonna lie to you I've seen a few videos on the rental still haven't got decent role on one of them but man oh man I've seen a few reason rebuke as well just absolutely tear things apart I ain't getting very lucky with ease to be honest I'm just getting pure gauntlets pure gauntlets and leg armors but I got one wisdom rebuke let's actually go down to the postmaster because that's where it seems most of this stuff went okay so we check out what I have first on me and I got tens of the eagle which I've got an amazing one in my vote which I don't even use close to the wolf got an amazing one in my vote fight heroes burden submachine gun I thought second I thought that as a don't know why I think that was a grenade launcher don't even know why I thought that high impact reserves moving target with stability I'm really gonna use that over my recluse I'm pretty sure I want range finder and demolitionist and snapshots and quick draw okay so leg armors let me check right away check on dexterity and what else we got in this pool sure that's not bad not bad I'm just trying to because I'm gonna be using them and I'm just gonna set up a load of classes so I can just quickly quick while I want depending on what I'm using wow damn I definitely keeping them I don't think I have any rocket long agonist to be honest rocket launcher go let's so yeah they're not bad okay so the wizened and a few other things went through here goodbye goodbye goodbye goodbye threat detector and high impact reserves I mean wow that's a lot of impact and we got charge time as well we haven't got much range but to be honest I'm not sure these things needs range I mean the video I saw in the event or the other day it was about stability I mean but that's not too bad I'm gonna keep that just in case just I'm just gonna try it rocket launcher infusion rifle scavenger that's not bad that's not bad I'll lock you we got rocket launcher scavenger again and you know definitely don't need you guys what we've got here hang cannon loader and grenade launcher scavenger I don't really use grenade launchers but hey this could be quite cool I'll lock you to just in case when I'm setting up classes you never know what I'm gonna need pull trouble scavenger auto rifle scavenger traction hey that's actually not bad either love traction on my legs I really do move up momentum transfer and sniper rifle scavenger that's pretty cool too but I think I've got yeah I don't need them I don't need them and guys that is it I mean I'm gonna take I think I've got another wizard rebukes somewhere I had that drop I believe oh there is right there hi it's the same damn thing it's actually the same damn thing with range though so what do I want people you let me know don't want range or do I want charge time what do you think what do you think I mean I got a little bit of range let me just compare the two I've got less range than one and less impact than the one and let's charge time than the one I've already got and the one I've already got has that range so yeah I'll keep them both people you let me know down below in that comment section what you think I should be keeping well yeah guys an ingram opening video which I haven't done in quite a while I might as well open these as well while I'm here remember guys with the update yesterday delete that ever ever stuff you're never gonna be using to oh sales of all sides to stack up on that bright just for when shadow keep comes out because ever first stuff when you dismantle it then we'll only be giving you leisure shards and galima so have a look at that shit before we get off okay sales I might have had this already I'll keep that I'll keep that yeah but guys that is it and we are out I hope you guys enjoyed the video if you didn't even know like who really does help out fact as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one


The focus of ASU on global issues is derivative of our desire to enhance teaching, learning, and discovery for ourselves and everyone that we work with. Global problems are often the most challenging, often the most complicated, often the most transdisciplinary, which excites us. So most global partners are looking for transformative change. We are an institution that has made transformative change a central part of our internal genetics. This is not an institution built on tradition as its principal modality. This is an institution built on innovation the way you solve problems anywhere is to build a learning environment around the problem to use it as a teaching moment and to use discovery as the mechanism by which you derive new solutions. If we're solving an engineering education problem in Vietnam or a renewable energy issue in Central America, we learn as much from implementing the project and from the people that we're working with that we already know. Research is really important as a way to engage with global issues and global problems because you're able to bring new perspectives and new approaches to solving particular problems. We are a knowledge enterprise. We create knowledge, store knowledge, synthesize knowledge, transfer knowledge. We do all of those things and that can only be enhanced by the scale and nature of the complexity of the challenges which we encounter. These are highly activated master teachers and master scholars inside this knowledge enterprise where our product is not esoteric ideas. Our product is derived solutions that lead to particular outcomes and that fundamental purpose for us, that commitment to all elements of society, all problems all things that one can become engaged in. That sets us apart from other universities working in ways that connect people around the world through mutual learning and mutual problem solving from which high levels of respect and understanding can be derived.


nice to be able to present to the CLSA participants. I want to start off by expressing my gratitude for all of the work that has been done by CLSA participants to participate in this cohort. And I have been working as a researcher interested in the genetic determinants of disease and I have been working with CLSA data for at least about the last eight years. And I'm just going to share with you some of the insights that we've been able to make and try to provide this into a context which may be relevant to most of the participants on this call. So I'm going to start off by maybe bringing some of you back to 1978 when in June 30 boys went on a canoe trip in Lake Temiskaming and 12 of them died. And one of the adults on the trip also died. And this was a tragedy at the time in Canada and in fact was brought to a provincial commission. And within this context a thorough examination as to the causes of this tragedy was brought to fore. And when people think about tragedies they often think well this person has served and left into my lane in front of me or this critical decision was made that led to the death of these 12 boys. But what the commission actually found when they examined the causes of this tragedy is that there was no actual single cause of this tragedy. Rather, it was a confluence of risk factors. And that was that these were inexperienced paddlers. They were in a moderate wind. There were moderate waves. Notice that these were not severe waves. These were moderate waves. They were paddling for four hours so not a long period of time. They didn't sleep very well. There was cold water. There was no swim test and there was only one adult. And this confluence of risk factors led to a tragedy which actually changed the shape of outdoor education in Ontario and across Canada and changed how people think about participating in outdoor activities. Because it became apparent that this was not just unique to this tragedy but actually was a common theme in many tragedies across Canada. And I'm going to share with you how a similar analogy can be made to actually risk of disease.  I'm going to talk about it because it's common.  And when we think about what causes breast cancer, a lot of people tend to think about a specific cause. And in fact, there's a very well-known example of a woman who had a single genetic cause which led to her having a double mastectomy to prevent occurrence of breast cancer. But when we think about most people who have breast cancer, we find that they actually do not have a single genetic cause. But actually they have a confluence of many causes. And so I'm going to take you through a little bit of a story today to tell you a little bit about how we have begun to think more and more about the major causes of diseases in our population and how these are actually a confluence and mix of causes. Because most aging related diseases caused by hundreds of little nudges. And some of those little nudges are the things that we eat, the number of times we go for a run, the number of cigarettes that we smoke. But a lot of that risk, and this varies by disease, but a lot of that risk is actually inherited as little tiny nudges from our parents in the form of our genome. And what I'm going to do is take you through a graphical demonstration of how we've been able to try to discern these little nudges over time and how we peer into the genome to be able to do so and what this means to you and your families. So this is a map of the human genome. Each of these vertical lines is actually a chromosome. And this is the state of knowledge in 2005 where each one of these little pins represents a region of the human genome that was reproducibly associated with the risk of disease. And you can risk of common disease. And you can see that back in 2005, which was around the time CLSA was getting started, we knew very, very little. And then if we fast forward to 2020, excuse me, 2010, this map becomes much more dense. We start to see many more pins show up, where we're reproducibly associating different regions of the genome with risk of common diseases. And if we move to 2020, this becomes very, very, very full. And in fact, I'm actually only able to show you some of the chromosomes, because if I had to show you all of them, they wouldn't fit into one slide. And so how has this happened? Well, it's happened via the work that people like you have done, which is sharing your DNA as well as medical information so that we can map the regions of the genome that cause common diseases. And we have been able to understand that just like in the case of the late Tomiskaming tragedy, as well as most causes of breast cancer, that our risk of disease is predominantly conferred from a genetic perspective by tiny little nudges from many thousands of genetic variants that impact our risk. And now, with that as an understanding, I'm going to move forward to try to explain to you how we can use this information to help our patients. And I'm going to frame this in three different categories. The first is how we can use this information for disease prediction, how we can use it for improving diagnoses. And the third, how we can use this information to identify causes of disease. So let's get started and talk about disease prediction. Okay, so we'll focus on breast cancer. And this is a very interesting slide that was published a few years ago now, and things have actually improved since then in our ability to be able to discern those at risk of breast cancer. And what the horizontal axis shows here is the age of a woman, and what on the y-axis shows here is their absolute risk of getting breast cancer. Most people do not contract breast cancer over their lifetime. But what these different colored lines do is they summarize the information across the genome and what's called a polygenic rescor to be able to put people on different tracks for different absolute risks of having breast cancer. And you can see that if you're in the 99th percentile of risk, so it'd be a very, very high risk and your risk would be higher than 99% of the population, that your risk of breast cancer starts to become appreciably high even in your late 30s and becomes very high by the age of 80. Whereas if you're in the bottom one percentile of risk, this action, your risk actually never becomes appreciably high, where in most jurisdictions would suggest a mammogram until quite later in your life. And most people, of course, are binded to different groups depending upon their risk. But what we can actually now do is quantify this risk through something called a polygenic risk store, which is just a fancy way of counting all of those little nudges that we have in their genome and seeing who is lucky enough to have very few and who is unlucky enough to have many. And so you can easily think about this as a shared cumulative risk that that person has just by collecting all of those little nudges that moves them along this risk distribution. And what we can start to think about doing for these people is instead of just identifying people like Angelina Jolie, who are at risk for a single mutation, which increases importantly the risk of breast cancer, but identifying the very, very large proportion of the population in compared to those with a single gene mutation, who actually have a similar or higher risk of disease, but is much more common in the population because they happen to be in the top 5% or the top 1% of the risk accumulation. And so I'll next talk about how we can use this information to try to improve diagnoses. And I'm going to shift to using genetic insights in the case of diabetes. I'm going to show you an example of how we can actually use the same type of polygenic risk score to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. And why is this a problem? Well, many of you may know someone who has diabetes and you probably know more people who have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a disease that is often later onset in age and is often more driven by obesity. But about half of the people who develop type 1 diabetes actually develop it after the age of 18. And so I'm an endocrinologist. I treat people with diabetes all the time. And very early in their disease, it's very difficult to try to understand which type of diabetes they have. But interestingly, these two different diseases, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, have very different genetic risk factors. And so we can actually quantify a person's risk of the disease, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and see if they are someone who more clearly has genetic predisposition to one type of diabetes over the other. And doing so can really help us to rationalize when the patient should begin on insulin therapy. And so here is a slide where researchers have done this. They have done this by looking at two genetic risk profiles, one for people with type 1 diabetes, and the other for type 2 diabetes. And you can see that you can spread out these two populations quite nicely where some people overlap, but the majority you can actually paint them into more probably a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes or more probably a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. And this information I'm actually rolling out into our clinic right now at McGill University in Montreal to help clinicians and their patients decide which type of diabetes they have so that they can receive the appropriate therapies faster. The third thing that I promised to tell you about was identifying causes of disease, and this is a way that we can use human genetic information to be able to disentangle a lot of the causes and consequences of disease using some simple concepts that I'll describe to you right now. So oftentimes we're trying to understand whether or not a risk factor causes a disease, and here I'm going to switch gears to talk about osteoporosis. I'm actually going to use data from you to be able to show you these insights. We can measure a risk factor for a disease and we can measure these in the bloods. And one thing that we have recently measured in approximately 10,000 people in CLSA is 1,000 different metabolites. And so some people on this call, your blood has been surveyed for 1,000 circulating metabolites. And we're interested if any of these cause aging-related diseases, and I'm just going to show you the example of osteoporosis. So when we do that, when we measure these metabolites and test if they're associated with osteoporosis, we should be really worried about confounders. And confounders could be things like body mass index, so having a high body mass index could influence on the tablite and could increase or decrease your risk of osteoporosis. And if we don't understand this relationship and this potential confounding factor, then we can draw spurious conclusions and doing so actually plagues a lot of our understanding of cause and consequences of disease. And so using the human genetic data that we've generated from your DNA, we can actually disentangle this problem by identifying genetic variation. So some people have one flavor of a piece of DNA and other people have a different flavor of a piece of DNA that strongly associates with metabolites. And what we can then do is using the biological fact that these genetic variants are randomized in the population at conception. So whether or not you got a specific genetic variant or your brother or sister got a specific genetic variant is essentially a random process. And that random process breaks association with confounding factors. And doing so allows us to be able to test via these genetic variants their effect upon disease freeing ourselves of these confounding factors. And so we've done this recently using data generously contributed by participants on this call. And we were able to estimate the causal effects of 1000 metabolites on bone density, which many of you will know is the most important risk factor for osteoporosis. And we found that some of the metabolites had clear effects upon bone marrow density, such as this metabolite here, which I'll name, which is called orotate, which is found that individuals who had higher levels of orotate had much lower bone marrow density. And importantly, we can make a statement that orotate influences bone marrow density causally, and is unlikely to be biased by confounding. And this information can be very, very helpful for therapeutic development, because we can actually identify targets that are causal in humans, which is a difficult thing to do across the entire biomedical enterprise of information, because it's very rare that we can actually make causal insights in humans. And therefore, being able to target something that actually causes the disease is much more effective than something that is actually just associated with the disease, or something that is actually caused by the disease. And so this is an example of how we've used your data to be able to gain causal insights in disease, providing us a platform for being able to undertake therapeutic interventions that intervene upon these metabolites and decrease risk of disease or its consequences. So I'll just summarize here. The first point that I'd like to make is that rapid advances in measuring millions of small influence on disease risk has allowed us to better identify individuals at risk of disease, clarify diagnoses, and help to identify causes of disease, which can be used as targets for therapeutic interventions. This is only possible through large-scale collections of data from humans such as you, the participants of CLSA, and for which we are very grateful. I'll close by just reminding you that, in fact, most tragedies that affect our lives are due to a confluence of causes. And this is something that we're beginning to be able to quantify quite clearly using large-scale human collections, such as those afforded by DNA, and by the DNA in CLSA. And I look forward to answering any questions that you have in discussing in the Q&A session. So thank you for your time.