Okay, well, we have first of our Christmas movie since it's snowing even though it's still in November we're up in the high altitude so we can Go with the flow and this this movie fits well with the the weather outside. So that was a factor in Choosing it. So it's a great forgiveness movie. It's It's it's a little bit like some of the movies we've been watching Searching for Sugarman, you know Sugarman wasn't consciously trying to do anything and all these miracles unfolded and and This is a good movie too for Seeing that the miracle is always happening regardless of whatever you think you can do to make it happen or Prevent it from happening Miracles are involuntary and so it's a comedy but When I first got this tip years ago to watch it somebody told me there is a paradise Pennsylvania they have a lot of little towns in Pennsylvania named after All kinds of very interesting things. So this is one of them. This is paradise and And it's it's a perfect script for teaching forgiveness and love and For seeing the Christ, you know, it's like everybody in this world when they seem to see all this Error and grievances and everything and then they've got this struggle to try to go back to try to see the innocence this little tiny town in Pennsylvania at Christmas time it's just got a lot of really wonderful people in it that are good at Seeing the Christ seeing the good seeing the innocent It's like natural for them. And so When you get these three brothers I think it's the New York City the Furpo brothers Coming down to this beautiful little town in paradise Pennsylvania then you have a perfect setup for Seeing the Christ and showing and demonstrating that so they are just being themselves and They get put into what consider many would consider more extreme situations Bank robbery hostages their town having all these Federal agents descending on it all kinds of things and yet they're just simple folks who love And they just see the Christ and so it's a contrast Between judgment and innocence is really what this is. It just shows you how heartwarming innocence is and how bizarre and crazy judgment is and On top of that. Oh, it's a comedy So you get a comedy Christmas music. I mean, we've seen wonderful life There's a lot of great movies, but they a lot of them can be quite dramatic even though this seemingly Has drama It's more like the man who knew too little. I don't think the people really get too hung up on everything that's happening because They just have this goodness Inside them.  They get out and he's got to Hang around with his brothers and so he gets lots of opportunities to practice forgiveness and And it's even got a little bit of romance and it's a little bit of a It's got a undercurrent of a romantic comedy in there, too Among all of that forgiveness movie Christmas movie comedy and actually it's at the very end. You'll see that it comes around a bit with a romantic comedy But it's it's one that you won't soon forget Until you ascend you won't forget this one Okay That's Sweet Very very sweet That final scene was like that's That's what the the courses and Jesus are asking to do is to bring everything back to mind that was they were all together in the You know being interrogated by the federal agent, but if you bring everything back to your mind, that's what the forgiveness is That everything's mind. It's the belief that that That ideas can leave their source that thoughts can leave the mind of the thinker and take on life of their own that's what human beings seem to be Bodies with a life of their own or Animals with a life of their own or a world With the life of its own to beginning and an end That's that's what the error is and the the correction is seeing that there's nothing outside of the mind So there is not a split between thoughts and the manifestation of Thoughts because ideas leave not their source in heaven God never left or Christ never left God and in this world the thoughts of the thinker never left the mind of the thinker So all the private thoughts eventually you get exposed and then there's of course There's no blame because nobody did anything wrong or did anything to anybody else. That was all the attempt to project the thoughts But in the end There is no projection. God didn't create projection so the idea of seeing something outside of you is a completely erroneous Idea concept so it's it's really beautiful how they all came together And then there was no no finger-pointing. In fact, there was the opposite of that.   That's Because it's a belief that you can have a separate mind a private mind with private thoughts That's what the whole little puff is and when you when you give it back when you give your mind back then That's the solution So it's not that there are private thoughts it's You know, you really you're surrendering this whole crazy idea and private minds with private thoughts And there was all this lying and all the secrecy, but there was that one classic scene where they're all three there and there was this Everything was coming up and the finger pointing was I have a suspicion And there were all three of them were throwing the fingers out there, but those were the This private thoughts the secrets again Everybody could feel it Didn't matter what the faces were looking like or whatever it was all just coming to the surface I remember seeing this movie years ago and I Had to thought well, this is pretty extreme. It was a pretty wacky movie, but then nowadays in today's times it just doesn't Seem wacky anymore, I Think the politics the things that are going on the Dakota pipeline which Diana will be addressing Soon and all the things that are going on And it's it's all the same. It's there's nothing more wacky Than anything else this one seemed to have all those extreme twists and turns, but it's like it's not It's not even dramatic anymore. We're getting to that point where there's no drama There's no drama and tripod is appearing in our movies I Channel tripod. No, I have told you But you must listen I Come to you as a cat. I come to you as a dog. I come to you as Monty Please heed my words Three legs or four it doesn't matter Don't be thrown off by the the form the disguise I am you and you are me By flying a trump card And they really wanted to be free of it particularly man guy and so he didn't And they kept trying to leave but it was like the cause must keep calling them back And then they tried to run away and leave but they didn't really want to they wanted to heal and they wanted to Really accept the love that was being offered with every attempt you could tell They're in mind calling them back again and again to keep receiving The love until finally it like it all got to the point that they said, okay, we're in We're gonna fully accept And then all the witnesses could just fully support them and say yes the past is gone Yeah Yeah, it's so it's very profound to think there's one part pretty late in the text where Jesus says that every Every second of every day you you either add something to the script or you take something away Which is really just a way of saying you still don't quite see that. It's all perfect And always has been perfect. It's just this nagging little thing Sometimes it says this could be a little bit better or that isn't so good. And so all these images and all these Seemings sequence and series of events are all just like this like a spinning top and just being used You know like that song It's Carol King saying only love is real Tracing a line till we can define the thing that allows us to feel only love is real You know, it's like it's a fine fine fine thing It's just it's just you get so surrendered and so surrendered And so taken in and so taken in that you have to go to a place of of not knowing about everything That's the secret of salvation is but this do not know the thing. I am what I'm doing where I'm going how to look upon the world salvation is Is coming to this awareness that That I cannot figure any of it out and and there's no way to figure any thing out and then That's where the acceptance comes in But it's just this little tweak in the mind where there's no attempt to add or subtract Anything from the script Nothing Nothing is out of place and and I remember for years There was one phase I went through where Where It was like it was all Training and just watching the script like Like if somebody would drop some money or or you go to a fast food place and You know how we're taught to really keep track of all the dollars and cents and And I would notice that I would have these little things happening where I Gave some money and and They they kept something or they didn't give me the change back that I thought I would have but I would go This is I know what this is and so I would I would just watch it. I wouldn't say Wait a minute. You owe me money or there'd be times where they Take some money and they would take more than I thought they should have taken like But I wouldn't I wouldn't attempt to make the correction Inform even in the most subtle Little ways because it was Jesus do you think Yes, this is what I'm teaching you it's This you're just watching what has already gone by you have to Take your mind out of the position where you're trying to interact with it Where you're trying to make something different you're trying to affect the world and that's That's what that line in that song the world will that's the song at the end the world will never The world will always stay the same. You'll never change it as long as the stars shine above and And that's exactly what Jesus is teaching the course seek not to change the world Seek to rather to change your mind about the world You've got to behold it You've got to to see you're the dreamer of the dream But if you're dreaming a dream It's just like if you were having a lucid dream at night and you were aware that you're dreaming you wouldn't Try to control the dream and that's the same opportunity that we get Every day is to go Into lucid dreaming that's all he's asking us to do and That's what all of our extensions are whether it's about Donald Trump or the North Dakota Pipeline or Some issue that it seems to be a controversial device of issue and everything is it's not an issue It really is not an issue. It's like the ego wants to make it an issue, but it's not an issue The world doesn't hold issues you know just one Issue is believing that that Christ could leave the mind of God one issue believing that Even in regard to this world that somehow there could be something outside of the mind And I've done so many talks over the years, but it's like The whole teaching of the workbook is that you can't You can't actually take an object and pull it apart from all the other objects in the cosmos That's what the separation is when you try to Take something out of all these trillions and trillions and trillions and trillions it keeps seemingly to multiply but if you try to take an image Out I was in Australia one time. I did a whole talk on a blue Blue bottle cap. There's a red bottle cap next. This is in but this couple of work you you can't really take an object out of all the objects and give it a name and Give it a color and give it a texture and give it a Substance Those are all meanings. I've given everything. I see all the meaning it has for me and he does go through the In the workbook. He says you could you could experience you could attain vision from a table If you would withdraw all your ideas from The table so we could do this with the blue bottle cap or red bottle cap or red cup You could attain the vision of Christ If you would just withdraw all the meaning That has been given it because you would then withdraw all the meaning that's been given Every thing all the seeming objects and that's why we talk about wholeness. That's that's why we're coming to wholeness and all this seeming guidance is Just about letting yourself drift deeper and deeper into the mind to just watch it and behold it That's what meditation is about just watching the thoughts there is no Meditation teacher in history that has encouraged you to hop on the train and ride the thoughts You're just supposed to watch Like Chauncey Gardner and being there. I'd like to watch You know, it's just it just comes down to that It's quite the art just to behold and watch and to offer up any judgments To the spirit not because they're wrong or right because but because they they don't have a In essence, I don't have a substance Our living MMT session Combined a couple things I've been trying to understand the ideas. We've got their source for about three years but also three or four years ago Just felt like that this mental wall and I kept pacing back and forth and there was this cartoon that assisted but I Realize that the wall itself was meaning and once I drop meaning and started seeing things No longer was a fork a fork a fork was a metal object Did I just drop the human meaning and I felt this rush of energy go through me and the infinite creativity and It was weird because it's like you get all this creativity, but it's still limited to the physical like I no longer had writer's block But it's not like what I would create had any meaning, which I guess shouldn't and then what you said now if you would stare at a table and Remove the meaning if I take that with ideas leave not their source Then I noticed that all the meaning of the metal or the wood and the stickiness and the color is Literally just to form It doesn't matter it just matters that they come together and then it comes together and it has the meaning of separation so it's undoing that meaning of separation and the thing and Still coming together to be like I don't know about to almost nothingness God I guess that's what I can describe it It's nice to finally see those ideas come together for the actual energetic purpose Yeah, like it's a composite It's being used when you when you pull it back and you make the whole cosmos a composite then that's forgiveness That's what forgiveness is It's like it's a it's a complete integration of everything into one mind So it's like a synthesis that ultimately Undo the synthesizing Just comes completely whole It's great just to practice because then you know you just you pay closer attention to the the nuances and Whatever seems to be There it had so many great movies. I was thinking again of that movie God is the the bigger Elvis and What's her name to laurice? heart the first Screen kiss of Elvis and then her career takes off and she becomes an actress that has multiple studios wanting to hire her and receiving back in the day Money from multiple studio studios and back in that day of Elvis a million dollars was A lot of money if you think it's a lot of money that it's a lot of money and she turned it all down to go to a convent a working farm up in New England and and follow this calling and Even had this this man that had fallen in love with her She said no, I can't can't marry you, but She was so devoted to Christ, but it yeah, it was just that same kind of surrender no matter how your life in the world seems to be going and however, the world defines it as successful and You know famous and all the different things that she just Went in the opposite direction to find peace To go within but these it's extreme teaching examples that really help Show the point of everything That you don't have to Strive for anything in this world It's okay to let go of false meanings Especially just to see them as the false See them all as false, you know as you can do that in a total sense like a And you have a totally clips of the heart you have the total opening opening of love


I don't remember names, I forget them instantly, almost instantly but I don't forget faces. I might have met you 15 years ago just for like 3 minutes but I won't forget your face. And I don't know how that's a talent, maybe in the law enforcement agencies they might find that a huge talent. Never really a mean life but yeah that's my talent, I don't forget faces.


I see students struggle with a team process a lot, and there's many facets that cause those moments of struggle. The first one is that, and it may be a little bit that this is a 400 level course and therefore you tend to get students who are coming to the end of their careers here at Western, but beginning their careers someplace else or really wanting to start their careers, is that there's a lot on students' mind. They're interviewing, they're pulling resumes together, they're trying to find jobs, they're worried about student loans, there's a lot on their minds, and teams can fall apart if there's not a fairly equal level of participation. So that's one very common situation I see in teams. A second situation I see in teams is just poor communication. In today's world we think everybody communicates great because in 140 characters done by your thumbs you can say, hey I just had a sandwich at Subway, but you need deeper communication than that to have successful teams. That means times, expectations, respect for others, listening skills, things that require more than in the moment, moments, and so that's another breakdown on teams. A third one is a difference in expectations. Some students are in the learning experience to learn and the grade is highly secondary. Those students will want to debate a point, to understand a point, to dig deeper perhaps into the information, then some students who may have a different perspective will want to go. Other students are very focused on the grade, I need to have an A, I have to have something better than a B+, and they're very great driven, which means they dig deeply into the essence of the assignment but may dig less deeply into the elements that are actually the, if you will, sometimes the core learning, but they're very focused on the delivery. And when those two types of students are matched together in a team, what I always find, if those teams come to me, is to say, I won't do this, but if you ask every member of your team which one they are, I just want to learn or I'm in it for the grade, you'll find about a half and half split and that's why you're having so much conflict on your team. And sure enough, that usually is a core conflict point on that team. There's a last point that I find on teamwork, which can be a challenge for people, and that is that there is a myth, and the myth is that the grade is yours. As someone who has only lately come to teaching and spent most of my career in business, I so deeply respect that if you get a good performance review, it's because the team did well, and if you get a bad performance review, it's sometimes you mucked up, that sometimes just the business results weren't there. And yet in our academic situation, because there's this need and it's important for personal accountability for your grades, there's a perception that says, well, it's about me, and so I'm just going to push through this assignment. And when you have a student or a couple of students who just push through an assignment, they tend to leave some carnage of students who really wanted to be part of the process, but maybe they don't process things as quickly, or maybe they were busy for a while, or we all know this happens, students have personal lives, and people get sick, and they get sick, and things happen, and so they may be racing behind these driving students to catch up. Those are the situations I find that create the most conflict on teams. Having said that, there's a very positive flip side. If people are passionate about the craft of marketing, if people who know that they need these skills to be successful, they have learned through mistakes that they need to communicate well, and they need to ask the questions of expectations, and they need to manage those expectations, and so you end up with far more organically strong and hardworking teams that have better output, because you've kind of messed up the past several terms. And so specific to the question that you posed in terms of, are there people who struggle yes, but I find that if you manage through the categorizations I provided previously, or you simply take advantage of the fact that these students have been through it now several times, you end up on the whole with more successful student teams than I experience in most other courses I teach.


Hey everyone, today I'm going to be going over Backroom's Level 31, aka The Roller Rink. This one is very liminal spacey, so I hope you enjoy it. If you do, drop us up, because we're on the way to 500k. And without further ado, let's get right into the explanation, shall we? Backroom's Level 31 is classified as a Class 2 difficulty, and is unsafe with a low entity count. The level itself is made up of a couple of different parts, but the main area is a looping roller rink, and the second main area is an arcade. Most people who get sent to this level do end up in that roller rink area, but the arcade area is less dangerous, and some people get sent there first. The roller rink area is pretty dangerous because there is an entity there called the Lover that can be found, and I'm going to talk more about her later. There are other entities in the main roller rink area like hounds, facelings, and a level exclusive entity called the Coach as well. Throughout this zone, there is soft pop music playing over the speakers, and at the DJ booth, there's sometimes a facelink just standing there. To the side of the rink, there is a little food court that's like a typical roller skating concession stand. You can get food, and you can get water there. And the carpet on this level is that classic retro carpet with stars and planets and glowing stuff. You know what I'm talking about. However, the carpet is actually wet or moist in most spots, just like the carpet on level zero, which I find interesting. So like I said earlier, there is an entity here called the Lover. This one's a pretty crazy one because she looks like a facelink, but instead of not having a face like facelings do, this entity will replicate the face of someone from real life that you've loved at one point. Now the entity is supposedly a woman, but has also been seen as a male, so it really just depends on who's interacting with it. If you go up to her, she'll ask you to skate with her, and then she'll start talking about good memories that you had in real life with whatever the face of the person she's wearing. But whatever you do, make sure you do not accept this offer to go skating because if you do, you'll be put in a trance that causes you to skate forever until you fade away. Just like the love you once had for that person. That's really creepy. The Lover will instantly disappear if you say no to her asking to skate with you. So just say no. But I mean, that'd be really creepy.  I mean, that would creep me out. If you follow the smell of food, you'll be led to that food court area, which is also next to the break room area, which is an exit. The food is safe to eat, and there's actually a soda machine there as well, but it only dispenses almond water no matter what you click on. There's also a faceling that works behind this counter, and if you ask it to give you food or water, it'll do so. It's typically pretty friendly, except if you ask about the backrooms, and then it'll stop giving you food, and it'll just walk away as if it's angry or something. Interesting. The area where you get your size of skates is where you can find the entity called the Coach. And this entity is an intelligent faceling type creature who will lead you to the exit of the level if you ask him nicely. There are not any bases here, although you could theoretically have one. And to enter, you can go through a wooden door from levels 2, 3 or 27 or 6 to end up here. And to exit, you can no-clip into any arcade game to be sent to level 40, or you can go to the food court area and then to the employee lounge right next to it, and you'll be sent to level 176. Cool. So yeah, that is it for level 31. It's an arcade with weird creatures running it. It's definitely got little space vibes, especially if you like that retro stuff. Anyways, I do hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for watching that video. Thank you for supporting the channel. I know it probably gets annoying hearing me say that so much, but it's true. And I'm so thankful for you all. Thank you so much. You all are amazing to me and you've generally changed my life and I'm just so appreciative of you. Make sure to check out my second channel, Tugli, for some gaming, real life and funny videos. And make sure you check the description for any links you might want, like to my Discord or my Twitter or something like that. Anyways, thank you so much for watching the video and supporting me and I will see you in the next video. Peace.


Hi, I'm Lisa Martin with theCUBE on the ground at Google for the six annual Cloud Now Top Women in Cloud Awards. They were very excited to be joined by one of the winners this year, Caroline Wong, the Vice President of Security Strategy at Cobalt IO. Welcome to theCUBE, Caroline. Thank you for having me. It's great to have you here for many reasons, and we know that we're both dog lovers, and they're not going to let us talk about dogs for the whole time, but I love that. So you have previously been at eBay, Zynga, Symantec. Were you a STEM kid from the grade school and always interested in IT, or is this something that you sort of zigzagged career-wise and made this career that you have now? So when I was 16 years old, my dad asked me what I wanted to study in college, and I told him dance or psychology. Wow. That's a different from computer science. And he said, it's different because I was like, well, what do I like? What do I enjoy doing? And he said, you're going to study engineering, and you're going to do it at the best school that you can get into. And I studied electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley. I really struggled with the curriculum, but I'm so glad that I do have a formal background in technology. I ended up in cybersecurity pretty randomly, to be honest. I did an IT project management internship at eBay, and when I graduated, I asked my manager if I could work for them full-time, and they said there was a hiring freeze in IT, but they had an open position in information security, which at the time, I didn't know what that even meant. The night before my interview, I looked up information security on Wikipedia, and I memorized the definition. You know, that just speaks to, and look what you're doing now, that you didn't know, and there's probably many other people who are in the same situation, whether they're 16 and wanting to major in dance or whatnot. I love that, that you were confident enough in yourself, probably in your education, to let me try that out. When you were studying, though, at UC Berkeley, you said there were some challenges there. This brings me back to my own days of studying physics, which I wasn't good at. What were some of the things that surprised you for the good? Sure, so I'll tell you a story about one of my electrical engineering lab courses. Of course, I make friends with the one other student in the class who's not quite sure what's going on, and we have teams of three, and so we have to find someone who really knows how to do it. So what happens is one of my colleagues fetches the materials for our lab assignment. My other colleague does the lab, and I write the report. And at the time, I'm a little bit embarrassed that I can't do all three. But after all, it is about teamwork, and it turns out what has helped me tremendously in my career has been my ability to write and to work well with others and to communicate both verbally and in written form what's going on technically. That's outstanding. Just great advice again for others that it's not just about understanding engineering. There's other components that are really critical and will help you be successful. So in addition to the award that you're getting today from Cloud Now, you've been recognized as an influencer by women in IT security and as a one to watch women of influence. You've also had a lot of publications. So I'm curious, what inspires you to be involved in the community and share your expertise, not just your education and engineering and what you're doing with cybersecurity, but also your path to success. Yeah, so for me, I'll contrast it with my sister. She's a Kaiser pediatrician and she's known for her whole life that she wanted to be a doctor and she just went for it. And she was like, here's my target and I'm just gonna make it. I have always been very sort of go with the flow, like what's right in front of me and what's an interesting problem to solve and how can I just put my whole self into it and apply what I know and try and learn something new. And I've approached my entire career that way, not really knowing what was going to happen next but sort of looking around, trying to see, okay, what does the industry need right now and how can I apply my skills to try and add value? I love that, that's great. My brother was the same way. I wanted to be a pilot from the time he was probably eight and there's me, you know, zig-zagging along. But I think that's also, it speaks to, if you have enough confidence in yourself and try things, you can be successful. So I love that. So tell us about your role at cobalt.io and app security and what are you doing there? Yeah, so cobalt, we provide application security services for cloud companies. Specifically we provide on-demand manual penetration testing for web apps, mobile apps, and APIs. So we're really trying to help organizations to secure their applications, you know, as a consumer of cloud applications, as a person who works for a company that works with so many different cloud companies, it's critical that security be in place because right now it's not like any organization, certainly no technology organization works in a vacuum. Just like a car sources parts from many different organizations, every software, every cloud company sources from many different places and at each step along that supply chain, you want to make sure that security has been built in. Outstanding. Tell me a little bit about your team there and some of the key elements to you from managing a diverse team of folks at cobalt. Yep, so we started four years ago, we actually have four Danish founders and so it's really interesting to be in Silicon Valley but have a little bit of a different culture. As a mom of a toddler and expecting in May, it was really important to me to find a job where I really liked the people and I really respected them, where they like and respected me and where I felt I could make a big impact and what's great about working with this team is I feel like all of the people I work with actually have a life outside of work. I feel like in Silicon Valley, so many people work for companies and it's like that's all they do and I respect that. If you're super passionate about something and you want to make your whole life about it, fantastic but my colleagues are extremely brilliant and great at what they do and then they do other stuff as well. That's, it's refreshing to hear that because being in Silicon Valley can take so much time and effort but to be able to have a little bit of balance there, I think you probably see an impact in productivity. Oh definitely, I mean people come into our office and they're like, wow people are happy. People seem well rested, people seem really focused and like they're hardworking and they're excited about what they do but they're not so stressed out, they're not burning out, people aren't needing to take emergency medical leave because of severe anxiety. So these are just things that I think really benefits the company and also our customers. Oh definitely from a customer perspective. So tell us a little bit about what winning this Top Women in Cloud Award means to you. So I'm just thrilled and totally surprised for me to have an opportunity to share my story and to also attend an event like this and be inspired by other women's stories. I mean I think the mission of Cloud Know is so incredibly important. I don't think there's anything so special about any of the women that won awards tonight and what I mean by that is we're not extraordinary. We didn't necessarily overcome any crazy challenges or barriers. I want young women and people of all types to know that this is possible and I think by sharing our stories and how different we are and how we came from all sorts of different places I think that can really be inspiring for the next generation and that's exactly what technology needs. We need a strong and diverse pipeline if we're gonna continue innovating and continue creating. That's brilliant advice and I couldn't agree more I think that some of the stories that we're gonna hear from some of the fellow winners such as yourselves show that some really doing groundbreaking work but others who just persevered who had an interest in something and followed through with it and learned along the way, made mistakes, had the opportunity to fail, learn from that and continue going forward. I personally find that very inspiring. So Caroline, thank you so much for joining us on theCUBE and sharing your story. Best of luck with your new addition. And your dogs as well as congratulations again on the award. Thank you so much. We want to thank you for watching theCUBE. I'm Lisa Martin on the ground at Google for the Cloud Now Top Women in Cloud Awards event. Bye for now.


Hi, I'm Chad Boninger, Business Librarian at Ohio University Libraries. I make YouTube business research tutorials for my students at my university and beyond. In this video, I'll demonstrate how to use a database called Mintel to find demographics and market research reports for sports fans. Note that our library subscribes a Mintel for students at Ohio University to use. If you aren't affiliated with Ohio University, check with your local library to see if they have access or visit mintel.com for more information. When I first arrive on the homepage of a resource like Mintel or any other database for that matter, I like to first look to see if I can find a way to browse the contents. My reason here is that while there is a search box, and there's clearly one marked right here in the middle of the page, I don't really know the type of content nor the scope of the coverage that I might be searching for. Also, databases and search engines will only retrieve articles and reports for the words that you type in the search box. Sometimes the search terms we have in our head don't exactly match what the database uses. For example, you'll see that a search for e-sports, that's e-hyphen sports in this particular example, doesn't immediately match any titles in Mintel for reports. However, if we search for e-sports without the hyphen, we do see the suggested titles here bring up the e-sports US 2021 report. Sorry for that rather long-winded explanation, but I really do believe browsing is an important skill for researchers to have. It can really save you a lot of time and ease a lot of frustration in doing your research. Now that we know how important it is to start with browsing, let's first go to category and then try to see if there is a sports category. Because sports is a leisure and entertainment activity, let's try there. After enough, we find sports nested under a travel, leisure, and entertainment category. Just select the sports subcategory to load all relevant sports reports and articles. So if you like the rap or Curtis Blow, basketball might be your favorite sport and you might like the way to dribble up and down the court, so I'll tell you what, let's go look in that report. On the report page, there are multiple ways to access the content. First, we can click on the full report link to download the full PDF report, right in the center of the page. These reports are typically huge at around 70 pages or more and have an enormous amount of content. If you'd rather browse to a specific section of the report, you can do that on the report home page. Just scroll down until you get to the report content. Here we have an overview. We have information about the market. You'll see things like the basketball landscape or market factors and market opportunities. We have information about the consumers, including exploring basketball fans. We've got information about brands and companies, things like what's working and what's not. And finally, we have the data section. Let's look at a sample of information we can find in Mintel and we'll first we'll go to the consumer section and let's look at exploring basketball fans. So this is a good example of the type of content you can find in Mintel. I really appreciate that Mintel offers both written analysis and some data in their report so it can really appeal to a variety of people doing research and different types of learners. There's a huge amount of content in these reports. You want to give yourself plenty of time to fully explore the content in the reports. I really do believe these reports can really elevate your sports research. I'd also encourage you to visit the data sources section of the report. Here you'll find the data sources the Mintel analysts consulted when they wrote the report. You can also learn a little bit about the methodology of how Mintel collected the data. In this case, we see that the data is based on survey results from a sample of 2,000 adults who use the internet. Speaking of data, another key component of the Mintel reports is the interactive data book. This is where you can create custom charts and graphs with the data from the report. Let's explore the basketball behaviors data using the drop-down menu to see an example of this data in action. Here we see data on how likely basketball fans are to engage in certain behaviors. We can use the link at the top of the page to toggle between graph to table view. The data can be downloaded for you to put in your presentations and papers for your class project. If you want to explore the basketball behaviors of fans further, we can click the button on the right to explore demographics. Here you can dive much deeper into the demographics of fans who align with particular behaviors. You can change the demographic criteria to create a custom table using the drop-down menu to select your demographic criteria. Likewise, you can also toggle between tables and graphs depending on how you want to view the data using the links at the top of the page. I also want to point out that the sports reports aren't the only reports that will be useful to sports researchers. There are tons of reports about consumers and customers for a variety of product categories. These would be especially useful for sports sponsorship projects. As an example, if you are researching the potential of automobile sponsors, you can look at those reports to learn about buying behaviors and demographics of automobile consumers. We can also use reports for specific demographic groups in Mintel. For example, here we find reports on marketing to Gen X. The point here is that you can use Mintel to understand many different aspects of sports fans and consumers and customers of particular consumer products. You just need to think creatively and broadly about how you can use the information to really understand your target sports consumer and sports fan while also elevating your sports research project. I hope you found this video useful and you learned how to use Mintel to find information and market research reports about sports fans as well as other relevant market research reports. I wish you the best of luck in your future research.


The TUF brand from Asus is quickly becoming a fan favorite. It really offers some great value laptops overall, especially when you consider some of the miscellaneous features, which shape up the devices, making them very versatile. The TUF Gaming F15 FX506 is new for 2021, bringing a refreshed design, brand new hardware, and an abundance of features, which are nice to see in a laptop at this price. The unboxing experience is great, especially for a mid-range device. The laptop comes in a black box from recycled material, which fits the overall minimalist aesthetic. Inside, you get the laptop itself, proprietary mounting brackets, screws, and a cable for a 2.5-inch SATA drive, along with some cool stickers. The laptop is also very well built, with Asus managing to construct a durable laptop by using ingenuity. Most of all, you can choose between either an aluminum or a plastic lid, which have a different design, making the laptops look entirely different. The plastic lid looks more gamer-ish, with a hexagonal pattern, which combines a brushed design with a dotted pattern, making for an interesting look. The aluminum lid is very flat with a TUF inscription on the left and the new TUF logo on the upper right corner. The laptops' looks aren't the only positive here. Like most TUF laptops, this one has also passed the MIL STD810H tests, which put the devices through the ringer, having them endure vibration, humidity, drop, shock, and extreme temperatures tests. Basically, the laptops are able to survive through harsh environments. This is further helped by the honeycomb pattern on the inside, which strengthens the chassis. In our durability tests, the laptop hardly flexed when we tried, so the build quality is on a very good level. The IO and support that you get on the laptop are also really good. The IO consists of a total of three USB type A3.2 generation 1 ports, a single Thunderbolt 4 port, HDMI and RJ45 connectors, along with a 3.5mm audio jack and a power plug. We also can't forget the lock slot, which can be very useful. You would also be pleased to hear that the laptop supports Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5, allowing for faster connections and a wireless lifestyle. Lastly, the area which is arguably one of the most important during gaming, the keyboard. The unit here has long key travel and decently clicky feedback. Also, this wouldn't be a gaming laptop without an RGB backlight. While this might be marketed as a gaming laptop, it can be so much more. It already has the performance from the new Tiger Lake H45 family of CPUs and the new RTX Ampere graphics cards. Yes, it will totally crush games, but with a quick addition of a good display, this laptop can be a versatile device for content creators. We tested the 144Hz variant which due to its low sRGB coverage isn't suitable for professional work but it's pretty good for gaming. It has excellent viewing angles and since it doesn't use PWM across all brightness levels, it will be comfortable for your eyes even during long gaming sessions. Being a gaming device, the upgradeability is on point, with a total of 2 RAM and 2 SSD slots, which support NVMe SSDs for ultra-fast-rate configurations. The RAM slots can fit up to 64GB of DDR4 RAM, working in dual channel. The cooling setup consists of a total of 2 fans, 3 heat spreaders, and 4 heat pipes. Three of them cool down both the CPU and GPU, while the last one is there to cool down the graphics memory and VRM modules. The so-called self-cleaning cooling design makes it so dust and litter go through separate air channels at the back of the laptop. ASUS has also improved the air tunnel, improving airflow by 15%. In reality, the cooling performed well, keeping the CPU cool, while not throttling down on the speed. After 30 minutes of stress testing, the Core i7-11-800H had a frequency of 3.44 GHz, while running at 87°C. The GPU also maintained good temperatures and clock speeds, despite having a TDP of 95W. The battery on the laptop is absolutely huge, coming with a size of 90W hours. However, like most gaming laptops, that doesn't mean that you could leave your charger at home. Our tests show that it's juice is enough for 4 hours of web browsing and video playback, and 1 hour and 21 minutes of gaming. Tough Gaming F15 is equipped with up to Intel Core i9-11-900H, from the latest Tiger Lake H45 architecture, while the GPU department is covered by the GeForce RTX 3050, 3050 Ti, and 3060 video cards. The latter is the 95W variant, which is powerful enough to provide at least 60fps at 1080p Ultra settings even in the most demanding games. We'll leave you with some gameplay videos so you could see for yourself. Thanks for being with us and stay tuned for our upcoming reviews. Bye bye.


And it is raining. Mm-hmm, just another day. Yeah, really? Hurricane season, when does that end, like, September? Listen, this is my scenario. Does it ever? It ain't been like this in a long time, every day like this. I think this is the beginning of maybe a possible terrible or a hurricane season. You know what I'm saying? Yeah. Why is it so stirred up every day? Last couple of them haven't been this bad. No, not like this.  Scary. What's up, everybody? We are back at it. Back at it. Going to do a random here first for a couple cards that were pulled last night during 10 Box Tuesday basketball. I'm going to show these real quick. We've got a Andre Kerbello out of 99 auto and a Justin Powell four out of 15 auto. Just a little bit. There we go. So again, going to do a random here. All the teams that were in that break have a chance at these. Going to do the random top team. After the random, we'll get the Powell to 15. And the second team will get the Kerbello out of 99. So let me go ahead and do this. Let's roll our dice. Here we go. Five times on the random. Good luck, everyone. One, two, three, four, five. So the Grizzlies are going to get the one out of 15. Grizzlies getting the Justin Powell out of 15. And the Pelicans getting the Andre Kerbello out of 99. All right. Thank you, everyone. We'll be sure these go in your packages. Thank you. All right. You don't mind giving those to Cortis when you get a second. Por favor. Top popcorn. All right. Let me just double check this real quick. And we'll do the random here for it, number one. Yeah, I did see that. That was a big card, Andrew. Yeah. Told Forrest he's going to start a fire here. He was pulling some crazy cards earlier. Adam P. Alex P. Anthony L. Brian K. Dan M. Gustavo. OK, that was good. So we got 32 names, 32 teams. Let's delete that. All right, let's do the random here. What's up, everyone? Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards doing the random for 2021 Panini Select Football. I'll be three box break, number one, random teams. Got our names here. Let's go ahead and roll our dice. Four times on the randoms names first. Here we go. One, two, three, four. Michael T. Down to Steven W. Four times on the teams. Good luck, everyone. One, two, three, four. Pats down to Steelers. Do, cuppy, peace. Let's do this so you can see them all. We've got Michael T. with the Pats and Chargers, John P. Bucks, Hanno B. Saints, Alex P. Giant, Shazeed K. Lyons, Matthew T. Niners, Paul N. Rams, Ryan S. Raiders, Kimby Eagles, Noah H. Panthers, Dan M. Seahawks, Adam P. Bears, Anthony L. Falcons, Peter D. Bangles, Jeff P. Bills, Tyler B. Cowboys, Michael S. Jets, Gustavo S. Washington, Brian K. Dolphins, John P. Jags, and Ravens, Brian K. Broncos, Luke S. Vikings, Lauren E. Packers, Matt P. Cardinals, Pauel P. Texans, Dan M. Chiefs, Harry G. Colts, Peter G. Titans, Ronnie B. Browns, and Steven W. with the Steelers. Get this poster, we'll get started with you, everybody. Only two total breaks left with spots, everyone, and they are both full-case tiered random team. Those are the only breaks we've got available for tonight, and they will sell quick. There is the link for the schedule. We're about halfway full on personals as well. I'll be doing those after group breaks. Some game and stuff coming on here. Top's clearly authentic. Releases tomorrow over on the LSE Baseball Channel. So definitely check that out. Again, those are always fun. I like the encased cards. I might have to buy into a break there. One in seven to go. One in seven. But yeah, I'm gonna get started here in just a few minutes. Two more just came in for number seven. Hope everyone's having a great day, man. I got a lot to live up to after force rip this morning. My goodness, he was pulling some crazy cards. Some crazy, crazy cards. If it is raining here. Or hopefully we'll be okay, not gone wood, but we shall see. Oh wow. All right, got that marked off. It is five o'clock on the dot. Let's go ahead and get started. Best of luck, everybody. We go ahead and change this to underway. Here we go, good luck. That was crazy. What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kenty here from Lane Sports Cards and I am ripping brand new release today of 2021 Panini Select Football. Hobby three box break numero uno random teams. Here is the list of the random results. You can always find these at lane sportscards.com underneath the results tab and the links also in chat for you. All right, let's do this. Best of luck, everybody. Again, force was pulling some crazy, crazy cards earlier. Let's see what we can get out of the night shifts. Let's see, let's see. Empty. I was looking on eBay earlier just to see what those Kenny Pickett XRCs, there's already one up there. It's at like almost $700. I'm like, yeah, I'll have to wait a little bit to get some of those, yeah. All right, we've got a Devonte Smith on the concourse from A Sensations, Devin White for the Bucks. Cool looking one there. Silver, Joe Montaigne, Niners and Brandon Cooks. It's a 99, I'm just kidding. All right, let's see what we can get here. Sam the man, we've got a Davis Mills on the concourse rookie there. Ooh, we've got our first tri-color field level rookie Tutu Atwell. There you go, Rams. A little bit darker this year than they were in the years past. I feel like they were a little bit lighter on the tri-color, but I like it. To 75 there, Rams. And right behind it, Silver Rookie, Matt Jones. Off to a hot start here. There you go, Patriots. Michael T. On the field level, Silver. Woo, beauty. Well, Matt got one for you. And Des Fitzpatrick rookie on the premier level. There you go. Good start. Zach Davidson rookie. We've got a Javante Williams on the club. Club love on that. Tri-color Derrick Henry Titans. That's out of 199. Silver Rookie, Hunter Long Dolphins, and Shannon Sharp. Little Sharon Sharp. Hope everyone's having a great hump day. Jacob Harris, we've got snapshots Josh Allen. Silver Rookie, Ian Book on the concourse level there. And Fletcher Cox on the field level. Take me a box for so to get used to these levels. I see the premier and I want to say Diamond because that's what the select baseball was. We've got Naomi Brown Shry-Colored on the concourse, Washington out of 249. Silver Premier, Austin Eckler, Chargers, and Big Ben on the premier level. Oh man, I'm sorry to hear that, Karen. I hope you're Andrew. Hope you feel better soon, buddy. That's not fun. Let's go, Collins. We've got Rookie Silver Phenomenon, Mac Jones. Michael T, off to a hot start here in the first box. Silver Remandre Premier level and a Trey Lance on the premier level. Sorry, the last one was concourse, no. All right, let's see some hints. I believe we see one coming up. We've got Maroon Rookie, Boogie Bashum for the bills. That one is out of 149. And our first hit, going to the Bears, Silver Auto Lance Briggs. Lance Briggs with the first auto. And Givante Williams, Rookie at premier level. Again, everyone, only two total bracelets with spots left for tonight. Both case breaks tiered random teams. We've got Najee Rookie, Zeke, Silver Rookie selections of Ian Book for the Saints. Silver Premier level, Dan Fouts, Chargers, and a Trey Nixon Rookie. Yeah, that's storming pretty bad here, Gucci. Pretty bad. I'll play it passes soon. Boogie Bashum, a Justin Fields Concourse Rookie. Bears, another phenomenon's a basis time on the Mac Jones for the Patriots. Out of 199, RPA, Josh Palmer. Nice big palm there. His stock has certainly gone up quite a bit. There you go, Michael T with the Chargers too, having himself a break. Very nice, that is 154 out of 199. We'll mag that one as well. And JJ Watt, he wasn't joking, huh? Two mags in the first box already. Jake Funk, we've got a Y, Saquon Barkley on the premier level. White is one of my favorite parallels to 35 on that one. That looks clean with the Giants colors too. Nice one there. We've got Premier, Silver Rookie, Jake Funk, Rams, and Tutu Atwell. It's very windy. Yeah. Josh Palmer, Nelson Aguilore. We've got to 49, Bronze Patch, Mike Esecki, Dolphins. Dolphins on that one. Silver, Tyree Kill, and Keenan Allen. Last pack, box one. Very nice first box here for us. Kenneth Gainwell, Tony Gonzalez, Rookie Selections, Ian Book. Silver, Alvin Camara, and a Michael Carter on the field level rookie, Jets. All right. Box two, very nice first box. Silver field level, Max Jones. We had the nice big palm on the RPA. Let's see some more color. Let's see some QB E2. Big XRCs coming. Let's go. Can't wait. It's gonna be a fun night tonight. Desmond Patrick, Sensation! Short print rookie, Silver Trevor Lawrence. Jets. John P with the Jets. There you go on the short print sensations. Beautiful card. This is the one that Force pulled the snakeskin up earlier out of two. We've got a nice Silver Concourse, Davis Mills, Texans, and Jamie Davis, Rookie Base. Amon Ross, St. Brown Rookie. DK, we've got Silver Rookie Selections, Matt Jones. The Silver Max are coming out for Michael. There you go. Silver Jacob Harris Rookie and Jamar Jefferson Rookie. Where's my chat at? I got Gucci and Andrew talking to me. Where's everyone else? We got Tray Lance Rookie Concourse, Niners, Orange, Nelson Aguilar on the Concourse to 49. Nice low numbered color there. Patriots eating here. Ooh, the 75. Silver Rookie Auto Pat Friar Muth. When I went to the game, yeah, when I went to the game last weekend, everyone was saying Muth.  Rondale Moore Rookie. You took your niece, didn't you? Yeah, it was her birthday present. It was her first NFL game in the Steelers game. Yeah, yeah, she had a lot of fun for sure. Phenomenon Rookie of Matt Jones. We're like four rows behind the end zone, too. Yeah, I saw the pictures. Silver Rookie Ian Book. There you go, Saints. Nice one there. And JT, yeah, it was good. The fights broke out on both sides of us. We've got Zach Wilson Rookie Concourse. Barlin Humphreys. We've got a Justin Jefferson on the blue. Concourse to 199. Little JJ action. Silver Premier Ray Lewis. JJ Watt. Yeah, we got Thunder and Lightning Storm here, Gucci. Tutu Atwell, Justin Herbert. We have a blue Honey Badger on the Premier level. Tyron Matthew, 40 of 99. Chiefs, Silver Rookie Premier, Shai Smith Panthers, and Amanra St. Brown Rookie Premier Base. Kylan Hill, we've got Rondell Moore Rookie, Cardinals, a Alvin Camara Snapshot, Silver, Adrian Peterson, Vikings, and Anthony Schwartz on the Rookie field level. Bears. Awesome, glad to hear that. Glad to hear that, Andrew. Tyson Williams Rookie. We have a James Cook XRC Bills. There you go. We've got a first break for the evening shift. Bills, where are you? Jeff P, there you go. Again, three XRCs per case. And we got one out of the very first break. James Cook for the Bills, there you go. Congrats on that. We'll mag that one up for you. Silver, Justin Jefferson, and a Corey Davis field level. Stevan White, we've got blue Ed Reid on the Premier level for the Ravens. That is out of 149. Silver Rookie, Chuba Hubbard, Premier level, and Jalen Darden Rookie. You all hear the rain and thunder a little bit. Sean Slater, Rookie selections of Ian Book, Saints. We've got to 49. Broncos, Purple, Patch Auto, Noah Phant. Little vet Patch Auto there, Broncos, Bright Orange Patch, and a Tralance Rookie Premier level. Nice. Man, what a great break has been so far. Kenneth Walker, nice, Patrick. You opened a personal box you said? Heck yeah, we've got Scridge Rookie Base out of 49. Bronze Rookie Patch, Jalen Waddle, there you go, Dolphins. Round one, pick six. It's a Dolphins. Sean's boy. Let's go. Silver Luke Farrell on the Premier level, and 2-2 Atwell. Last pack, box two here. Congrats on that, Patrick. Wait for football season. I know, right? Good lord. We've got Javante Williams Rookie Concourse, Jamar Chase on the Premier Rookie. There you go, Bangles. Ooh, nice one here, White Rookie Concourse. Two of 35, Michael Carter for the Jets. Nice one there, Jets. There you go. Again, another nice white against those jerseys. Looks very nice, Michael S. With that one. Silver Rookie Caderious Tony Premier level, and Big Russ. All right, last box here. Again, fantastic first break here. Only two total breaks were left before we went live. Both are gonna be full case tiered random teams, and that is it for the night. Everything else is sold out. Select is the only thing we are ripping tonight here at LSC for group breaks.  Chairs Marshall Jr., Matt Stafford. We have a Silver Snapshots. Patrick Mahomes, Chiefs. Silver Kyle Pitts, Premier level. Sorry, Concourse level. Falcons and Remandry, Stevenson base. Oh, I was about to say. That's a big card, Andrew. Jalen Darden, Kylan Hill. We've got a Maroon. Micah Parsons on the Concourse. Nice one there. That's out of 149 on the Micah. There you go, Cowboys. Nice hit. Tyler B with the boys. Then we've got Silver Signatures, Otto of Devon McCordy, Patriots. Man, Michael T is killing it with the Pat so far. There you go. And Antonio Brown, he really does. Yeah, Ellie and Guangwu. We've got Debo out of 75. We've got White Patch Rookie of Kellan Mon. There you go, Vikings.  I like that design. Scary Terry Premier Silver and Tommy Trembl Rookie. Yeah, I wanna pull a color wheel so bad. I was joking with Forrest. I guess if we get as lucky as Sam did, we've only pulled one color wheel out of Select Baseball still, and it was Sam. Rookie Rondell Moore. Rookie selections, ETN Jr. We've got Rashad Bateman on the Premier Rookie Silver. Ravens, Tyson Campbell. A gold Rookie T-Law. Oh, that's a big one. Wentz, we've got Amon Ross, St. Brown Concourse. Purple Color Match here, Rashad Bateman for the Ravens on the Premier level. That's a nice color match. 74-75, Ravens. Silver, Eric Stokes, Packers and a Jamar Chase Premier level. DK, Quitty Pay, we've got Sensations. Tom Brady, nice one there for the Bucks. Here you go, Tampa, a nice TB-12. Silver Rookie Premier, Trace Sermon Niners and a Taylor Heinecke on the field level. You can pull, oh yeah, you can, yeah. Yeah, my guy was reading that wrong. Tylen Wallace, Rookie Base, Ravens. We've got Silver, Sensations, Zach Wilson Jets. Michael S, pulling some beautiful Jets hits so far. Nice one there, Sensations. A Silver field level desks. Patrick Titans and Devonte Parker. Pink Manning, we've got Pat Firmuth Rookie, Jalen Hurts out of 75, Washington on the White RPA, Diami Brown. Commanders and Premier Rookie in Book Saints. Patrick, sounds like a pretty solid box, I would say. Then how about your Autos? Who'd you get on there? DJ Shark, Dan Marino, Tideye. Terry McLauren on the Premier level. Washington again. Gustavo with the Commanders, five of 25 on that one. Love, Tideye. Silver, Terrace Marshall Jr. Rookie and Ricky Williams, yeah. Eric Stokes, we've got Kyle Pitts Rookie. Justin Jefferson Phenomenons, a Calvin Ridley, Silver Falcons and C.D. Lamb on the field level. Cool guys, Kessler. They got their own style of doing things. Calvin Ridley, Pat Firmuth Rookie on the Premier level. We've got Tri-Color, Rookie of Chuba Hubbard, Premier level, there you go, Panthers. To 199, Silver, not sure. For the Steelers, nice one there in Travis Kelsey. Patrick, we got Tray-Lance Rookie Concourse, Keeney and Wong-Woo. Tri-Color, Jalen Darden Rookie on the Concourse. Debo Samuel Silver and Marquise Brown. All right, solid first break there. Let's go ahead and do a quick recap for three box break. My goodness, got some nice hits. We had the Tideye, Terry McLauren, five of 25 Washington, RPA, Diami Brown, Washington, Devin McCordy, Silver Auto Patriots, Noah Phant on the Purple Patch Auto Broncos, Pat Firmuth, Silver Rookie Auto Steelers, Lance Briggs on the Silver Auto Bears. We had the Kellan Mond, White Rookie Patch there, Vikings, Bronze, Jalen Waddle for the Dolphins, Frans Micasecchi, Patch Dolphins, and our Mags Cards. We had a James Cook XRC for the Bills. Nice one there. A Josh Palmer RPA Silver Chargers, Silver Sensations, Trevor Lawrence Jags, and the Silver Mac Jones Field Level. Fantastic first three boxer. We've got another one coming right up, everybody. Heck yeah, very nice first break there. Very nice. So very nice. So very nice, so Chauncef's. It's a refresh.


US deployed 3,000 troops to Middle East to deter Iranian forces. The US military has deployed thousands of troops and additional naval assets to the Middle East, stressing the need to deter Iranian forces after accusing Tehran of harassing commercial vessels and other destabilizing actions. The US Navy's fifth fleet announced the decision, noting that more than 3,000 Marines and sailors had arrived in the Red Sea aboard an amphibious assault ship and a dock landing vessel the day prior. These units add significant operational flexibility and capability as we work alongside international partners to deter destabilizing activity and de-escalate regional tensions caused by Iran's harassment and seizures of merchant vessels earlier this year. Fifth Fleet spokesman Commander Tim Hawkins told The Hill in a statement, the amphibious assault ship sent in the latest deployment, the USS Batan, also carried additional air assets the Navy added. Though it did not specify the systems on board, the military said that the ship can carry more than two dozen rotary wing and fixed wing aircraft, including the Osprey tilt rotor aircraft and AV-8B Harrier attack jets in addition to a number of landing craft. The smaller USS Carter Hall, a docking ship, will act as a support vessel for operations involving landings or amphibious attacks. According to US Central Command, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin ordered the move in July in response to recent attempt by Iran to seize commercial ships in the region. Though Washington has repeatedly accused the Islamic Republic of such seizures since 2019, the allegations have only grown louder in recent months with the Pentagon announcing several new deployments in that time. In mid-July, the Defense Department said it would send F-35 and F-16 fighter jets to the Middle East alongside a guided missile destroyer to defend US interests and safeguard freedom of navigation, citing Iran's destabilizing activities in the strait of Hormuz. This followed another naval deployment earlier this year while Washington is now reportedly considering weather to station armed personnel aboard commercial ships to prevent Iranian seizures. Just one day before the USS Batan arrived in the Red Sea, Iranian state media reported that the country's Navy had been outfitted with new weapons including reconnaissance and combat drones, electronic warfare equipment, truck-mounted missile launchers and hundreds of cruise and ballistic missiles. Commenting on the new capabilities, Navy Commander Ali Reza Tangsiri said the systems would improve accuracy and enable longer-range strikes.


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the interface of STM32U5 Digital Filters for Sigma Delta modulators covering both the Multifunction Digital Filter, or MDF, and the Audio Digital Filter, or ADF. This presentation is split into three parts. First, an overview, then a comparison between ADF and MDF modules present in the STM32U5 and the DFSDM module present in the STM32U5. DFSDM stands for Digital Filter for Sigma Delta modulators interface. And finally, a detailed description of the ADF and MDF modules. The Multifunction Digital Filter, or MDF, and Audio Digital Filter, or ADF, are high performance modules dedicated to the connection of external Sigma Delta modulators for sample acquisition. They also support configurable filter functions. ADF is a subset of MDF, except for the Sound Activity Detector, which is supported only by ADF. ADF and MDF target the following applications. Audio Capture and Detection, Metering. In addition, MDF can be used for motor control. The figure on the right shows an example of the spectrum aspect of a sine wave converted by a fourth order single bit Sigma Delta ADC. The main goals of MDF and ADF are to keep the lower frequency part, here the signal, to up to 10 kHz to remove the quantization noise and to reduce the sampling rate. The STM32U5 includes a module called DFSDM, which stands for Digital Filter for Sigma Delta modulators interface. Let's list the improvements made by ADF and MDF compared to DFSDM. Firstly, ADF and MDF support Low Power Background Autonomous Mode, or LP BAM, which allows these peripherals to be functional and autonomous in stop modes without any software running. Another clocking benefit is that the kernel clock of ADF and MDF only needs to be twice the beat stream rate, while the DFSDM requires a ratio of 4. In the frequency range, from half of the sampling frequency to sampling frequency, ADF and MDF improves image rejection. Refer to the figure on the left. The Cascaded Integrator COM or CIC filter implemented in ADF and MDF also improves in bandroop. A high pass filter is added to remove low frequency noise from the input signal. The gain or attenuation can be adjusted with an accuracy of 3 dB. ADF and MDF also feature saturation blocks which prevent wrap around of the binary code when the code exceeds its maximum or minimum value. Finally, ADF supports a voice and sound activity detector. All these innovations contribute to reducing the power consumption and improving the quality of the speech capture. A flexible trigger interface can be used to control the start of the conversion. This timing control can trigger simultaneous conversions or insert a programmable delay between conversions. MDF incorporates several features making it very suitable for interfacing Sigma Delta modulators for audio capture, motor control and metering applications. MDF incorporates six flexible serial interfaces called SITF and two common clocks for connecting of external sensors. A full digital matrix called BSMX allowing any serial interface to be connected to any digital filter. Six flexible digital filters called DFLT configurable for motor control, metering or audio capture. Two parallel interfaces for the internal ADCs only one is used in the STM32U5 to interconnect ADC12MDF. Flexible trigger interface to control filter acquisition and many other functions short circuit detector or SCD out of limit detector, clock absence detector, saturation, gain control, snapshot. MDF has two clock domains to increase flexibility and reduce power consumption. ADF is a subset of MDF making it very suitable mainly for audio applications. ADF incorporates one flexible serial interface and two common clocks for connecting of external microphones. A BSMX for selecting the desired bitstream. A configurable audio digital filter for audio capture. Two parallel interfaces for internal ADCs not used in the STM32U5. Flexible trigger interface to control filter acquisition. A sound activity detector for sound or voice detection. ADF has two clock domains to increase flexibility and reduce power consumption. This slide shows the integration of MDF and ADF in STM32U5. MDF is in the main domain while ADF is located in the smart round domain for low power applications. Thus the ADF can run autonomously in stop 2 and an interesting use case is a wake up request from ADF in the case of voice detection. Some pins are shared between MDF and ADF in order to share the same microphone if needed. MDF can be triggered by several peripherals such as timers, EXTI. ADF can trigger MDF when a sound is detected or when an acquisition is started. Trigger details are explained later in this presentation. RCC provides a rich choice of clock sources for the MDF and ADF kernel clocks. Note that the SAI-XCLK and PLL1 PCK sources are common to the SAI's kernel clocks. The clock frequency for MSI-K can be chosen from 16 frequencies. For the internal processing MDF and ADF use a processing clock which is obtained by dividing the kernel clock by the PROC-DIF prescaler. This processing clock is used for the serial interfaces, the ADC interfaces, the trigger functions, the digital filters, the short circuit detectors and the out of limit detectors. The MDF-CCK and ADF-CCK pins can be either output or input depending on CCK-DIF. When the MDF-CCK clocks are generated by ADF or MDF they are derived from the kernel clock divided by CCK-DIF. MDF supports two main serial modes, SPI in SDR or DDR mode and Manchester mode. For greater flexibility each serial interface or MDF can use its own serial clock input from a dedicated pad or a common clock either generated by MDF or received from MDF-CCK0 or 1 pads. ADF doesn't support the serial interface clock input. The maximum speed supported is 25 MHz. MDF only needs a kernel clock twice the speed of the serial link rate for audio applications. In SPI mode the serial interfaces sample the incoming data on the following and rising edges of the serial clock. Each serial interface provides two data streams to the digital bitstream matrix. One representing the data sampled with the rising edge of the serial clock, the BSXR signal and one representing the data sampled with the falling edge of the serial clock, the BSXF signal. In Manchester mode the clock is recovered from the data stream. Valid data is available on the BSXR output. A clock absence detection allows the application to detect if there's an absence of clock transition for a defined period of time. Example 1 shows the case where several sensors share the same bitstream clock. MDF can either provide a common bitstream clock as in this figure or receive the common bitstream clock from the external sensor. The second example shows the connection of several digital microphones. Only three IO pads are required to connect four microphones. Each microphone pair shares a single data line. It's also possible to provide one microphone with a dedicated clock signal in order to keep that microphone active while the others are in standby. Example 3 shows the case where independent sensors are connected to MDF. Each data line has its own dedicated clock. BSX receives the bitstreams from all serial interfaces and provides the selected input to the digital filters. For each filter any bitstream input can be selected. Each serial interface provides two streams, one with the data sampled on the falling edge and one with the data sampled on the rising edge. The SCD detects if the incoming bitstream remains fixed to the minimum or maximum value for a certain amount of time with a very fast response time. The application can program the time during which the bitstream remains at the same value. If the bitstream remains fixed for an amount of time longer than the programmed value, then an interrupt and break events can be generated. Break events can be used to perform an emergency stop of the power stages by asserting the break signal. SCD is used to detect short or open circuit errors like overcurrent or overvoltage. An SCD block is available for each selected bitstream. The figure shows an example where interrupts and break events are generated if the incoming bitstream remains fixed to the same value for more than 5 bitstream clock cycles. The MCF digital filter embeds several blocks offering great flexibility in filter configuration. The most important parts are the data source selector, the delay block, the main cascaded integrator COM or CIC filter, often called MCIC. The auxiliary CIC filter, often called the ACIC. This filter is included into a function called out off-limit detector or OLD. An offset error correction, a gain adjust called scale, a reshape filter called RSFLT, a high pass filter called HPF, a discard function, an integrator called int. The digital filter can be configured in multiple stages so not all parts of the filter will work at the same frequency. We call the FPS frequency domain the clock domain working on the bitstream clock. The FRS domain is the domain working at the frequency of the reshape filter, FPCM is the sampling rate at the output of the reshape filter. Finally, the FINT frequency domain is the final sampling rate of the samples stored in the RX-VIFO. The final stage is storing the data processed by the filter in the RX-VIFO. Note also that the filter works with the processing clock. ADF digital filter embed several blocks giving a greater flexibility on the filter configuration. The most important parts are the data source selector, the delay block, the main CIC filter often named MCIC, the auxiliary CIC filter often named the ACIC. This filter is included into a function called out off-limit detector or OLD. An offer error correction, a gain adjust called scale, a reshape filter called RSFLT, a high pass filter called HPF, a discard function, an integrator called int. The digital filter can be configured in multi-stage and thus all the filtered parts will not work at the same frequency. We call the FPS frequency domain the clock domain working at the beat stream clock. The FRS domain is the domain working at the frequency of the reshape filter. The FPCM is the sampling rate at the output of the reshape filter. Finally, FINT frequency domain is the final sampling rate of the samples stored in the RX-VIFO. The final stage is storing the data processed by the filter into the RX-VIFO. Note as well that the filter is working with the processing clock. The samples processed by the digital filter can be provided either by BSMX or by ADC1. The BSMX provides a serial bit stream and a symbol remapper is used to translate this beat stream into a series of plus ones and minus ones. The samples from ADC1 are resynchronized by the ADC interface number 1 ADCITF1. ADC1 provides the samples and the sampling clock. ADF has no connection to the ADCs. The delay block can be used to delay one or more data paths relative to others. Delays are performed by skipping a certain number of samples before decimation. Delay granularity depends on the bit stream clock rate or on the sample clock rate provided by the ADC. This feature is useful for beamforming applications with digital microphones. For example, in a typical speech capture at 16 kHz with a decimation of 64, the resolution of the DIY block is about 976 ns and sounds travels at about 0.33 mm in 976 ns. Increasing the decimation rate improves the resolution proportionally. The delay range depends on the depth of the RX-Vifo, but generally it's not necessary to delay more than one PCM sample period using this block. Other means should be used if longer delays are needed, either by software or by using the discard block. The abbreviation CIC stands for Cascaded Integrator COM filters. MDF contains a single flexible CIC filter then can either be split into two filters, the auxiliary and main filter, or used as a single main filter. CIC supports three configurations, main and auxiliary filters. This configuration is dedicated to motor control. In this configuration, the main filter can be CIC1 or CIC2 or CIC3 or fast CIC. And the auxiliary filter can also be CIC1, 2, 3 or fast CIC and is used for the out-of-limit detector or OLED. The CIC filter can also be configured as single main filter in CIC4 or CIC5. Those two configurations are generally used for audio or metering applications. In this case, the out-of-limit detector cannot be used. Note that the ADF only supports CIC4 and CIC5 configurations. The CIC data size is fixed to 26 bits. The gain of a CIC filter depends on the decimation ratio D and on the order N. The same applies to the data size. The decimation ratio and the order must be adjusted in order to avoid having a signal amplitude larger than 26 bits at the output of the CIC filter. In order to satisfy this requirement, this slide indicates the maximum decimation according to the order of the filter. CICN is a filter of order N. The CIC has a very simple filter structure based on adders. Higher orders attenuate high-frequency components more but also introduce a droop in the useful band. The amount of zeros depends on the decimation ratio and the zeros are a multiple of FBS divided by decimation. The figure represents the frequency response of CIC filters assuming a decimation ratio of 16. The offset error correction block can be used to cancel a DC component value from the signal provided by MCIC. The value offset is subtracted from the incoming signal. The application can change this offset value dynamically if needed. In addition, the saturation block prevents wraparound issues. A saturation flag is set in case of saturation to inform the application. The scale block is needed in order to adapt the width of the filter configuration and to the targeted application. When the reshape filter is used, the signal at the output of the scale block must not exceed 22 bits. If the reshape filter is bypassed, then the signal at the output of the scale block can be up to 24 bits. The gain steps are 3 dB plus or minus 0.5 dB. The gain range is between plus 72 dB and minus 48 dB. The gain value can be changed on the fly. A saturation is done at the output of the scale block to limit the signal width to 24 bits. Ideally, for a full-scale input signal, the signal provided to the reshape filter should be as close as possible to 22 bits in size. If the reshape filter is not used, then the signal size should be as close as possible to 24 bits. Too little gain can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. Too much gain can cause saturation. The table shown in this slide gives the optimum gain value for several filter configurations. The left-hand side of the table is applicable when the reshape filter is active. The right-hand side is applicable when the reshape filter is bypassed. Also note that some specific applications may require a different gain setting. The reshape filter is a low-pass filter designed to improve image rejection and in-band ripple. The reshape filter performs a decimation by 4 after filtering. The reshape filter can be completely bypassed or it's possible to bypass the decimation by only 4. This feature can be helpful if additional processing must be performed by the software. The reshape filter needs 24 cycles of MDF Proc CK to output a sample. A saturation to 24 bits is performed after the low-pass filter. The following figure shows the transfer function of the reshape filter alone without the decimation by 4. The cutoff frequency is fixed to 0.444 times FPCM. The in-band ripple is plus or minus 0.4 dB. The stopband attenuation is 30 dB at FPCM divided by 2. The out-of-band noise is attenuated by a bit more than 70 dB. The filter gain is about plus 9.5 dB. HPF is a first-order high-pass filter designed to cancel low-frequency components which can be bypassed. HPF has 4 selectable cutoff frequencies. The gain of the HPF is 0 dB. The table shows some examples for audio capture at 16 and 48 kHz. The HPF output is saturated to 24 bits. The response frequency for the 4 cutoff frequencies is plotted in the chart. MDF offers the possibility to program the number of samples to be discarded after each restart. The discard block allows the first samples provided by the digital filter to be discarded in order to mask the filter transience due to the impulse response or settling time of the sensor. The discard function can also be used to delay the acquisition. Up to 256 samples can be discarded. In the example shown in the figure, the discard function is used to drop the first 5 samples S1 to S5 provided by the digital filter. The first sample transferred to RX-54 or the int block if enabled is S6. The integrator performs an additional decimation. The integrator simply sums the data provided by the discard block. The integration value can be any value between 2 and 128. The integration output can be rescaled by 4, 32 or 128. The integrator gain depends on the integration value interval and the rescale factor. To bypass the integrator, initialize the interval value to 0. The out-of-limit detector triggers an event when a signal reaches or crosses given maximum and minimum threshold values. The out-of-limit detector or OLD contains 2 digital comparators. These comparators are connected to the output of the auxiliary CIC called ACIC. This auxiliary CIC filter can be configured in CIC1, CIC2, CIC3 or FAST CIC with a decimation ratio up to 32. The ACIC size is 26 bits, the data source of ACIC is the same as MCIC and can be either a sensor connected to the serial interface or ADC1. The out-of-limit detector generates events if the signal is inside or outside the boundary defined by the thresholds. The generated event can drive an interrupt or break signals. This slide describes the triggers present in MDF. Each digital filter and the clock generator have their own trigger block. The trigger blocks are used to start and stop the acquisition of main digital filters or to start the generation of the MDF-CCK-10 clocks. Possible trigger sources are 14 signals from the other circuit blocks, various timers, LP timer 1, ADF, EXTI. These trigger sources are common to all trigger blocks. One common internal signal, TRGO, one dedicated internal signal, each OLD block can trigger the main filter. Several acquisition modes are available for the digital filters, asynchronous or synchronous triggered modes, and single shot or continuous acquisition modes. Several trigger possibilities, edges, rising or falling, and window. This slide describes the triggers present in ADF. The digital filter and the clock generator have their own trigger block. The trigger blocks are used to start and stop the acquisition of the digital filter or to start the generation of the ADF-CCK-10 clocks. The possible trigger sources are EXTI-15 signal and the internal signal TRGO. Several acquisition modes are available for the digital filter, asynchronous or synchronous triggered modes, single shot or continuous acquisition modes. Several trigger possibilities, edges, rising or falling, and window. Each digital filter can be enabled by the DFLT-XEN bit. The MDF-DFLT-XCR register for filter X contains two flags that allow the application to check the current state of the filter, DFLT active and DFLT run. The DFLT state can be off, the filter is disabled, wait, the filter is enabled and waiting for a trigger event, run, the filter is processing samples. In asynchronous single shot acquisition mode, the acquisition of each filter is triggered when its enabled bit is written to 1. Whenever the digital filter is in wait state and the DFLT-XEN bit is written to 1, a sample is processed and stored in the RX-VIFO. If the application sets DFLT-XEN to 1 while a conversion is ongoing, the write operation is ignored as indicated in the upper timing diagram. Consecutive samples are required as long as the enabled bit is equal to 1. When DFLT-XEN is de-asserted, the current sample is lost as indicated in the lower timing diagram. In synchronous single shot acquisition mode, the acquisition of each filter is triggered by the selected trigger signal with the selected sensitivity. Whenever the digital filter is in wait state and the trigger condition occurs, a sample is processed and stored in the RX-VIFO. The DFLT-XEN run flag informs the application whether the digital filter is ready to accept a new trigger event. Trigger signals are ignored until the filter is in wait state as indicated in the upper timing diagram. In window continuous acquisition mode, the acquisition of each filter is triggered by the falling edge of the selected trigger and stopped by the rising edge or vice versa. In the lower timing diagram, the falling edge of MDF-TRGIY signal is used to trigger the acquisition and the rising edge to stop it. When DFLT-XEN is de-asserted, the triggers are ignored. Several filters can be acquired simultaneously by selecting a common trigger source and sensitivity for several filters. A simple option is to select TRGO as trigger source and then set the TRGO bit to 1. Any other common trigger signal can also be used. Note that starting several filters simultaneously is needed for audio beamforming applications. With synchronous snapshot mode, it's possible to capture the last valid sample and the state of the CIC and INT filters using the trigger inputs. This feature can be used to interpolate several intermediate values between two decimated samples. Each FIFO has a depth of four words of 24 bits. MDF supports two modes of data transfer, independent and interleaved transfer modes. In independent transfer mode, RX FIFO streams are completely independent of each other. The transfer of samples into memory can be triggered by two events, when the FIFO is not empty or when the FIFO is half full. Each RX FIFO has its own DMA request or interrupt service. When the DMA is used, the application will find a block of data per FIFO in the memory as shown in the figure. This mode can be used for any kind of application. Interleaved transfer mode allows a single DMA channel to be used to get the samples of several filters. Interleaved streams must be sampled at the same sample frequency. In interleaved transfer mode, data is transferred to memory when all the RX FIFOs set in interleaved mode are not empty. Only the interrupt or DMA request of RX FIFO 0 is used. This mode is typically used for audio applications. As shown in the figure, digital filters 0 to 2 can be programmed to work in interleaved transfer mode, while digital filters 3, 4 and 5 work in independent mode. When the DMA is used, the data inside the memory block corresponding to the interleaved streams is also interleaved. See block 0 in the figure. Four break signals are available. Timer break inputs put the timer's output signals in a safe user selectable configuration in the event of an abnormal condition. Only out-of-limit detectors or OLED and short-circuit detectors or SCD can generate break events. It's possible to mix within one break signal the break events coming from all OLED and CSD blocks. This is achieved by the OR gate in the figure. This figure details the MDF interrupt management. Each digital filter path has its own interrupt vector. Alert events and data flow events can generate an interrupt. The alert events are RxVFO snapshot or RSFLT overrun, data saturation, out-of-limit detection, short-circuit detection and clock absence detection. The data flow events are RxVFO level reached and snapshot data ready. This figure details the ADF interrupt management. Alerts events and data flow events can generate an interrupt. Alert events are RxVFO or RSFLT overrun, data saturation, clock absence detection, sound level detected and sound level value ready. Data flow events is RxVFO level reached. MDF can be active in all modes except in stop 2, stop 3, standby and shutdown modes. In the stop modes, the content of MDF register content are kept. In stop 0 and stop 1 modes, MDF supports low-power background autonomous mode or LP BAM. In standby mode, MDF is powered down and must be reinitialized after exiting standby mode. ADF can be active in all modes except in stop 3, standby and shutdown modes. In stop mode, the ADF register content is kept. In the stop 0, stop 1 and stop 2 modes, ADF supports the low-power background autonomous mode or LP BAM. In standby mode, ADF is powered down and must be reinitialized after exiting standby mode. This upper figure shows the overall frequency response for a 16 kHz audio signal with a digital microphone working at 1.024 MHz. The filter configuration is as follows. CIC order 5 with a decimation ratio of 16, RSFLT enabled with a decimation ratio of 4, HPF enabled with a cutoff frequency of 40 Hz. The lower figure shows the inbound ripple for a 16 kHz audio signal with a digital microphone working at 1.024 MHz. The filter configuration is the following. CIC order 5 with a decimation ratio of 16, RSFLT enabled with a decimation ratio of 4, HPF enabled with a cutoff frequency of 20 Hz. The resulting inbound ripple is plus or minus 0.41 dB for CIC 5. The minus 3 dB cutoff frequency is 7061 Hz. The table on this slide provides measurements of the digital filters implemented in MDF and ADF. These results are obtained with the 5th order Sigma Delta Modulator microphone model delivering a signal having a DR of 126 dB at 0 dB full scale. The configuration of the filter is as follows. CIC order 5, reshape filter, high pass filter. Values of signal to noise ratio and dynamic range are provided for various decimation ratios. SAD stands for sound activity detection. The SAD function is offered by ADF. SAD can be used to observe the signal provided by the digital filters 0. It's intended to be used for audio applications. When enabled, SAD continuously computes the sound and ambient noise levels. SAD can work in two different modes. In sound detector mode, SAD can detect when the sound level or the ambient noise reaches a defined threshold. In voice activity detector mode, SAD can detect when the sound level is larger than a threshold referenced into the ambient noise level. When enabled, SAD goes into the learned state. During this state, SAD performs a first estimation of the ambient noise level using successive values of the sound level. When a first estimation of the ambient noise is made, SAD transitions to the monitor state. In this state, SAD waits for a trigger event that continuously computes the sound level and updates the ambient noise value. When SAD triggers, the state changes to detect. In this state, SAD continuously checks that the detect condition is still true. Even in the detect state, SAD continuously computes the sound level and updates the ambient noise value. To improve flexibility, SAD offers three options for controlling the transfer of the observed signal data to memory. Samples are always transferred in memory. Samples are never transferred in memory. Samples are stored in memory when SAD is in the detect state. Once enabled, SAD continuously computes the sound level value. The sound level represents the average of the absolute value of a number of PCM samples given by FR size. The ambient noise level, or ANLVL, is computed when the SAD working mode is binary 00 or 10. The ambient noise level is estimated in two different ways. By averaging SdLVL when SAD is in the learn state, by updating smoothly the ambient noise when SAD is not in the learn state, ANLVL is updated using the current SdLVL value when this sound level is considered as ambient noise. SAD is very flexible and several parameters can be adjusted to meet the needs of the application. The frame size, called FR size, it defines the number of samples used to compute SdLVL. The number of learning frames, called LFRNB, defines the number of frames used to compute the initial ambient noise level. The ambient noise level slope, called ANSLP, defines the slope of the ambient noise estimator during the monitor and detect states. The level just, called SNTHR, defines the trigger level. This trigger level is used differently depending on the detection mode selected. The hangover, called HGOVR, defines the minimum time the SAD remains in detect mode between two trigger conditions. The sensitivity, or level, called ANMIN. In voice activity detection mode, it defines the minimum ambient noise. In sound activity detection mode, it's used to adjust the threshold. It's also possible to have hysteresis on the threshold value with the HIST EN parameter. In voice activity detection mode, when enabled, SAD computes a first estimate of the ambient noise level. The ambient noise level is estimated using the sound level values, or SdLVL. The duration of this learn phase is given by the parameter LFRNBR. When an estimate of the ambient noise level is available, SAD goes to the monitor state. In monitor and detect modes, every time a new sound level value is available, SAD updates the ambient noise level and computes the threshold level to be compared to this new sound level value. If the sound level is larger than the threshold, then SAD goes to the detect state. When the SAD goes to the detect state, an interrupt can be generated and the signal ADF-SADDET goes to 1. SAD goes back to the monitor state if the successive sound level values are lower than the threshold. HDOVR is used to adjust the number of successive values. When SAD goes back to the monitor state, an interrupt can also be generated. Here's an example of SAD used in voice activity detection mode. At the end of the learn state, THR and ANLVL are updated and SAD monitors the input signal. In black, we can see the successive sound level values. ANLVL in dark blue is continuously updated and the threshold level, the red signal, follows the ambient noise level exactly with a gain given by SNTHR in this example set to 24.1 dB. When the sound level is higher than THR, SAD triggers. The green signal shows the SAD detection. When the signal is high, it means that SAD triggers. We can also observe that the ambient noise level is not updated when the sound level is higher than the threshold level, but the ambient noise level is updated when the sound level is lower than the threshold. The hangover function allows SAD to stay in the detect state for a given number of frames. Notice well that the light blue signal ANMIN defines the minimum allowed value for ANMIN so it's a kind of sensitivity adjust ensuring that THR will not be lower than a given value. In sound activity detection mode 1, SAD triggers when an absolute value of the sound level is reached. In this mode, the ANMIN field defines the reference threshold and SNTHR is used to define the trigger level or THR. The formula shows the trigger condition. In this mode, the ambient noise level is not used, but SAD still goes to the learn phase when enabled. Here's an example of SAD used in sound activity detection mode 1. In black, we can see the successive sound level values computed by SAD. The threshold level THR is computed from the value of ANMIN multiplied by the gain factor selected with SNTHR. When the sound level is higher than THR, SAD triggers. The green signal shows the SAD detection. When the signal is high, it means that SAD triggers. The hangover function allows SAD to stay in the detect state for a given number of frames. In sound activity detection mode 2, SAD triggers on an absolute value of the ambient noise level. In this mode, the ANMIN field defines the reference threshold. This reference threshold level is compared to the ambient noise defined by the gain selected by SNTHR. The formula shows the trigger condition. Note that if SNTHR equals 12 dB, then THR equals ANMIN because 10 power of SNTHR divided by 20 is approximately equal to 4. Here's an example of SAD used in sound activity detection mode 2. In black, we can see the successive sound level values computed by SAD. The threshold level THR is computed from the value of ANMIN multiplied by 4. The estimated ambient noise is multiplied by the gain factor selected with SNTHR before being compared to the threshold. When this amplified ambient noise level is higher than the threshold, THR, SAD triggers. The green signal shows the SAD detection. When the signal is high, it means that SAD has triggered. The peripherals listed below influence the behavior of MDF and ADF. Please refer to the corresponding presentations for more information. RCC for MDF and ADF clock control and MDF and ADF enable and reset, interrupts for MDF and ADF interrupt mapping, DMA for MDF and ADF output data transfer, GPIO for MDF and ADF input and output pins and triggers, timers for MDF and ADF trigger and break signal and peripherals interconnect matrix for MDF and ADF interconnection.