Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE. Covering Google Cloud Next 2018. Brought to you by Google Cloud and it's ecosystem partners. Hello everyone, welcome back to our live covers to theCUBE here, exclusive covers of Google Cloud, Google Next 2018, I'm John Furrier, co-host with Dave Vellante, both co-founders of theCUBE at Silicon Angle here with our special guest, Diane Greene, who's the CEO of Google Cloud, a legend in the industry, former CEO of VMware, among other great things. Diane, great to see you, great to have you on theCUBE for the first time. Really fun to be here, I'm really happy to be here. So one of the things about Google Cloud is interesting is that we've been observing is, you mentioned that stage, two years now in, you're starting to see some visibility into what Google Cloud is looking to do. They're looking to make things really easy, fast, and very developer-centric at open source, culture of inclusion, culture of openness, but hardcore performance. Talk about that vision and how that's translating as you're at the helm driving the big boat here. Yeah, sure, I mean, obviously we had this amazing foundation with, you know, our modern enterprise company, Google Cloud, right? But what we've done with Google Cloud is we've realized that just, I mean, Google values engineering so much and so do our customers. So one is we're taking a very engineering-centric approach. People really love our open source philosophy and then, you know, we're so doubled down on both security and artificial intelligence. And so if you have this underlying, you know, incredibly advanced, scaled infrastructure, high performance, security, availability, and all the goodness, and then you start taking people somewhere where they can really take advantage of AI, where they can be more secure than anywhere else, and you have the engineering to help them, you know, really exploit it and to listen to the customers about where they want to go, that's, we're just getting incredible results. You know, people, I mean, I've been following Google since the founder when Sergey and Larry started. It's been fun to watch. They really are the biggest cloud ever to be built and Facebook certainly is built. We have seven applications that are over a billion active users. Massive scale. And actually, we're just this week on track to have the next one drive. 25 years of expertise, I've seen them move from buying servers to making their own better airflow, better days, just years and years of trajectory of economies of scale. And then when Google started Cloud a couple of years ago, it's like, oh great, everyone wants to be like Google, so we'll just offer our Googleness to everyone. And they're like, wait, that didn't really work. People want to consume what Google has, not necessarily be Google, because not everyone can be Google. So there's a transition where Google's massive benefits are now being presented and sold or offered as a service. This is a core strategy. What should people know about? Because people are squinting through all this market share, this company's got more revenue than that one, and if I bundle in AdWords and G Suite, you'd be the number one cloud provider on the planet by afar. So buyers are trying to figure out who's better for what. How do you talk to customers if someone says, are you behind? Are you winning? How do I know if Google Cloud is better than the other cloud? Well, the only way you're going to know is to kind of do a proof of concept and see what happens, pull back the covers. But what we can explain to people is that we're so, so one is it's all about information. That's why I say Google's a modern enterprise company because we are about, I said that in my keynote. We take information, we organize it, and we supercharge it. We give a lot of intelligence to it, and that's what every business needs to do, and we're the best in the world at it. And then AI is this revolutionary thing going on where you can just apply it to anything. Someone made a joke about cloud. They said it's like butter. It's better with everything. The cloud is better with everything. Well, I think it's AI actually. And so when you combine our ability to manage data, our ability to do artificial intelligence with our open source and then our security, not to mention the fact that the underlying infrastructure is everybody pretty much acknowledges the most advanced technology in the world. It's a pretty unbeatable combination. But the thing is, we needed to bring it to market in a way that everybody could trust it and use it. And so one of the first things we did, which we hadn't had to do as a serving our internal customers have roadmaps so customers can know what's going on and what's coming when and that we won't ever turn something off. And all those things that an enterprise company expects and needs for good reason, I have to say that our engineering team is loving working with external customers. And that was, everybody said you'll never get that engineering team caring about customers. And I knew we would because we had the same quality engineers at VMware and they loved it. And I knew it was just a matter of getting everybody to see how many interesting things are. And problems to solve by the way too. There's so many problems to solve and we're having even broader impact now going to the enterprise, going to every company. Well you said in your keynote, IT is no longer a cost center, it's a key driver of business. Tech is now at the core of every product. We think about, you go back 15 years, I remember somebody said to me, have you seen what VMware can do and how fast it can spin up a server? That was cost, right? So talk about the enterprise today. When you talk to customers, what are those problems they're solving? What are those opportunities? Yeah, well so there is a class of customers like typically the internet companies, they are looking for the best infrastructure, they are looking to save costs but they're also looking, people are realizing why should I do it all? Why don't I concentrate on my core competence? So we have, you know, it's well known we've had Snap from day one and we were in their prospectus when they filed to go public and then we have Twitter, we recently announced Spotify and so forth. So those are very technically sophisticated people, they come, they use BigQuery, they use our data analytics and our infrastructure but then you get into the businesses and we've taken this complete verticals approach and so they're coming to solve their, you know, whatever problems it is they have and because we have these exceptional tools and we're kind of building platform tools, a lot of them with applied AI and every vertical they can come to us and we can talk to them in their language and solve their problems and I talked about it in my keynote with ITB, you know, it's driving revenue it is everybody's re-engineering how they do business it's the most exciting time I've ever seen in the enterprise. I mean I've always thought tech was interesting but now it's the whole world. It's everywhere, I mean you have an engineering background went to MIT, studied there. If you were the lead engineer of most of these companies that are re-architecting and re-engineering, I mean they're almost re-platforming their companies. They let us think differently, it's not just an IT purchase because they're not buying IT anymore they're deploying platforms. Well and they're digitizing their whole business and they're using their information they're using their data, you know, that changes so many business processes it changes what they can do with their customers how they can talk to them, you know, it changes how they can deliver anything and so it's just a radical re-think of, you know, it's so amazing when we work deeply with a customer because, you know, they might start out talking about infrastructure and how they're going to move to the cloud and how we can help them and then, you know, we start talking about all the things our technologies can do for them and what's possible and they'll kind of pause and then they'll come back and they'll go holy cow we are re-thinking our whole company we're re-defining our mission we're much more asked for, you know, it's very exciting. I had a chance to interview some of your employees and the phrase comes up kid in the candy store a lot so I got to ask you with respect to customers is there more of an engineering focus as you see some of the adoption mentioned, Twitter, Spotify, these are internet companies these are nerds, they love to geek out they know large scale so not a hard sell to get them over the transom into the scale of the cloud as you get to the enterprise, is there a makeup is there an orientation that attracts Google to them and where, why are you winning these deals? Is it the tech, the people, the process well, I'm not sure the tech's solid but it's a combination of all of the above because what'll happen is we'll all come in and start pitching these companies and what we do, you know, we really understand what they're trying to do and then we send in the appropriate engineers for what it is they're trying to do and they, you know, you get this engineer-to-engineer collaboration going that, you know, lets us know exactly how to help that company. They give you a list and you go, check, I've done that, okay, next check, check, do you go down the check box?  Well, we brainstorm with them and that's companies like that because they, you know, they don't necessarily understand all the technology. I always like to think what an engineering works does is one, it gets requirements from the customers about what they need and we call that all the table stakes and we get it done and some of it's pretty hard to do and but then, you know, the engineers, after they get to know customers, they can invent things that the customer had no idea was possible but that like solves their problem in a much more powerful way and so that's the magic and that's how we're going into the market and wherever we can, we'll take things and make it available to everybody. We're very, you know, that open source philosophy of all technology is for everybody and it's a very nice environment to work in. The number one sound by John and I have been talking to them all day about in your keynote was security's the number one worry, AI is the number one opportunity. I was like writing my keynote and it hit me, I'm like, oh, this is how it is. So please, when you talk to customers, how are you addressing that worry and how are you addressing the opportunity? Yeah, well, we're pretty proud of our security, you know, because it really is at every layer, very deeply integrated, thought through, I mean, we don't think in terms of a firewall because if you get inside that firewall, all bets are off and so it's really, everything you do needs to be looked at and you've got to make sure and that's why like the Chromebook with the hardware-based two-factor authentication and G Suite, I mean, you know, we had a Google which went to that and since we did, not a single one of our 85,000 employees have been phished. Kind of amazing, because it's the biggest source of that. Ear phishing is the easiest way to get in. Yeah, but you cannot do it once you have that combination. And so it's all the way up there, all the way down to proprietary chips that check that the boot hasn't been tampered with every time that you boot. Our new servers all have it, our Chromebooks all have it and then everything in between. So we think we have an incredibly powerful, we had to add in enterprise features like fine-grained security controls, ways to let our users manage their own encryption keys, but anyhow, we just did a really phenomenal and our data centers are so bullet-proof. We have those catchers that'll pick up a car. We even have one of those that we had a UPS truck try and tailgate someone in, got picked up in it anyhow. I mean, the magic of the engineering at Google, this is the value that we hear from customers is that, okay, we get that the technology and the engineers are there. We see the technology, but you've been involved in transformative businesses, BM where Dave was mentioning, certainly changed IT and it was new and transformed, clouds transformational as well. And we were just talking earlier about the metaphor of the horse and buggy versus the car. Yeah, things get automated away, which means those jobs now are gone with new functionality. And you're seeing a lot of automation machine learning. Auto ML is probably one of the hottest trends going on right now. AI operations seems to be replacing what was categorically an industry, IT operations. So, you're starting to see IT again being disrupted and then shifting into the value up the stack. And this is developers. That's the point, yeah. Because I don't feel like, yes, all those really painful jobs are going away. That no one wanted to do. That no one wanted to do anyhow. VMware was the same way. We eliminated tons of drudgery and AI is doing it systematically across every industry, but then you repurpose people because we still need so many people to do things. Like I gave the example in my keynote about the dolphin fins and using Auto ML to find them and identify them. Well, that was PhD researchers and professors. We're looking at that. Is that what they should be doing? I don't think so. You free them up and think of the discoveries they're going to make. I mean, humans are really smart. I think all humans are. We just have to do a better job in helping them realize their potential. I want to talk about that's a great point. Culture is everything. I also interviewed some of your folks. I just wrote an article on my Forbes call about the four most powerful women in Google that aren't Diane Greene. It was some of your key lieutenants. That was a great piece, yeah. And the human story came up where you have machines and humans working together. This is, and then one of the conversations was artistry is coming back to software development. We were on this thread of modern software developers is not just your software engineering. You don't need three PhDs to write code. The aperture of software development engineering and artistry and craft is coming back. What's your reaction to that? Because you're starting to see now a new level of range of software opportunities for everybody. Yeah, well, yeah, I mean, my daughter is a computer science major and she just taught a coding camp this summer and they started from kindergarten and went up. And it was amazing to hear what those kids were doing. And so I think a lot of applications are almost going to be like assembling Lego. I mean, you have all these APIs you can put in. You have all these open source libraries. You have serverless. So you just plop it in these containers and everything is taken care of for you. It's like, you're right. It's like a new age in building applications.  Under the hood, you got to fix some engines. You can get mechanics. Yeah, right.  And also the human computer interface and the user, you know, the UX. I mean, you heard from Target, I was talking to him, they do an agile workshop for six weeks for all their developers. And their productivity is, he said, an order magnitude higher. And I think the productivity of developers in the cloud with all these technologies is across the board in order magnitude better at a minimum. Yeah, Mike McNamara was CIO, at Target was up on stage today.  Yeah. So I want to ask you about differentiation. You talked about open source and specifically your contribution to open source. That's different from most cloud players. The other thing you talked about, and I want to understand it better, that you provide consistency with a common core set of primitives. What do you mean and why is that important? Right. Well, so when we build out all our services, we want to have one uniform way of thinking about things. So how do you do queuing? It's common across every service. How do you do security? It's common across every service. Which means it's very intuitive and it's easy to use the system. Whereas if, now it slows you down, software development at that layer, when you have to do that, goes more slowly. And if you have to make a change in a core primitive, everybody's got a change, right? However, you take the other side where everybody just builds a service vertically and with disregard for how things are done. And now you've got this potpourri of ways to do things and everybody has to have specialized expertise in every service. So it really slows down the operators and the developers and you get a lot of inconsistency. So it's super high value and I have to believe that's really going to, people are going to start appreciating that and it's really going to pay off. I think it's a huge problem that people don't really understand because it just as an example, if you're building out a data pipeline and tapping all these different services, you've got then different APIs for every single service that you have to become an expert at. That's exactly right. And that's a real challenge. Now, like you said, from the software development. And it's annoying. Yes, and users who really understand this stuff are getting annoyed with it. But it's an interesting trade-off and a philosophy that you've taken that's quite a bit different. Well, Google has such a high bar for how they do things. Well, if you do the, that sounds foundational though. It's slower, but it's more foundational. But doesn't that accelerate the value? So the value's accelerated significantly. Oh, yes. So you go slower down here. Our going a little slower makes everybody else go way faster at a higher quality.  Thank you for taking the time to join us on theCUBE today. I want to ask one final question. Culture in Google Cloud. What, how would you describe the DNA within Google Cloud? A lot of energy, a lot of enterprise expertise coming in big time. A lot of great stuff happening. What's, how would you describe the DNA of Google Cloud? I would say just tremendous excitement because we're just moving so fast. We're scaling so fast. We're sort of barely in control. It's moving so fast. But just such good things happening and the customers are loving us. And it's so rewarding. And, and so everybody's, you know, increasingly taking more and more ownership and, and you know, really making sure that we do super high quality work for our customers. And it just, everybody's proud. We're all really proud. What's the one thing that you want people to know about that they may not know about Google Cloud that they should definitely know about? Geez.  You want the most advanced technology and AI and security are pretty important. All right. Diane Greene, the CEO of Google Cloud here inside theCUBE, live in San Francisco we're in the Moscone Center. I'm John Furrier, Dave Vellante. We'll be right back with more live coverage. Stay with us for more from day one of three days of live coverage. We'll be right back.


What is going on everybody? Welcome back to another video. Today we're going to be discussing the reasons why you shouldn't lie on your resume. Now the reason that somebody might lie on their resumes to make themselves look better to the employer so that they might hire them faster or get a job quicker. And it makes complete sense. I mean on your resume they aren't going to know your background and so it's pretty easy to add a skill or add a job that may not have existed just to give yourself a better shot at getting a job. Now there is a difference between embellishing and actually lying. Embellishing is you know just exaggerating the facts. You know you've had three years experience where you've only actually had one or you say you're advanced at Python where you're really actually only maybe intermediate at best. Now before we start this I just want to say I am not the morality police okay. If you want to lie on your resume that is up to you. I just want to talk through some of the potential issues that could come up if you actually do lie on your resume and how that could impact you in the long run. The very first reason for not lying on a resume is that during a job interview they are going to ask about your previous jobs and so you need to be able to speak really well towards those previous jobs and if you can't they can typically tell if you're lying. It's pretty easy to pick up on if somebody actually had experience and can really talk in depth into that job or if they really can only piece together a little bit at a time. Most of the time it is pretty obvious. One example that I can give on this reason is I had somebody who came in and said they had three years experience using SQL in the job and then when I gave him a pretty basic SQL interview question they completely missed it and I could tell that this guy did not know what he was talking about. Other than that he was a really good candidate but I could just tell if he was lying about a SQL experience and we really needed someone who was good at SQL in that position and so we obviously did not hire him. The second reason you should not lie on your resume is that employers remember the skills that you have on your resume. So if you put SSIS on your resume and all of a sudden for whatever reason they need somebody who knows how to use that and they're going to call on you and say hey we remember that you have this on your resume can you help us out with this problem that we're having. It would be extremely awkward to say no I actually just put that on my resume to get hired I don't actually know how to use it. Or you could be lying about a job entirely and they remember that you have experience in that position and they call on you hoping to get your knowledge in that area but you really don't know anything that makes it extremely awkward. In a previous job that I worked for a QCDR it was a qualified clinical data registry and it was a great position I learned a ton and then when I got the job that I had now I didn't really use any of the skills that I learned in that job or really the domain knowledge that I learned in that job but then about six months into my job they called on me and said hey we remember that you used to work at a QCDR we have an issue that we think you'd be very helpful in can you help us and so I'm really glad that I didn't lie in my resume because I did end up helping them I think that set a really good impression for my current job. Number three is employers might do an employee verification check and if they do that in the hiring stage they're probably going to let you go if you're lying about one of your previous jobs and if you're already hired they might let you go and that's the worst case scenario is you get hired and then immediately fired. Number four and I think this is the most stressful one is you have to perform to the level of your lies if you have on your resume that you have three or five years experience in a specific skill then you were going to have to perform like you have three or five years experience and that can be extremely stressful and if you don't live up to what they expect of you you can definitely be let go for that. When you're honest about your skill level and you get a job there's definitely a cushion there that you can use to ramp up your skills and get better and better and better instead of promising the world and then completely underperforming. And number five is you can ruin your reputation within a company or even an entire industry. A lot of recruiting agencies and companies talk amongst themselves about specific candidates and so it's very possible that if you go around lying on your resume and you get caught that it can ruin your reputation it can really make it more difficult to get a job down the road.  I just wanted to present some of the reasons that you shouldn't because there definitely is a downside to lying on your resume. Thank you guys so much for watching I really appreciate it. If you like this video be sure to comment and subscribe below and I'll see you in the next video.


Hello, I'm Martin Gaddiz, and this is its ITU Telecom World 2013. I've just been moderating a panel on from voice to data to cloud. We talked about the evolution and transitions of a telecom business model and we had people representing different points of view from consumer protection to enabling the raw technology enablers looking at the sources of value and also some of the regulatory and policy issues. There were several interesting things that came up. For example, is the current business model for broadband truly fit for purpose and do consumers really have access to the necessary information that makes buying broadband transparent? Do they know whether something will actually work before they buy it? What kind of new business models could telcos engage with that would let them partner with over-the-top service providers? Some very interesting and unusual questions were raised. So, for example, today when somebody dies, for example, on Facebook, their web page stays there, could telcos offer services to say, let's over-the-top service providers know that their customer's gone? We raised a whole bunch of interesting new possibilities. Another possibility that was raised was perhaps the peering and interconnect model of the whole telecom's business is due for some kind of shift or reform. So, maybe content delivery networks will take on a much wider or broader role and raise a lot more money from over-the-top service providers as they try to deliver cloud services to their end users.


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So this video is going to be a little different than anything I've done before. You know it's become quite trendy as of late for people to do exposed videos where they call out other preachers of the gospel or where someone in a more passive aggressive way may say well I just want to examine this person's beliefs or that person's beliefs but really it's a subtle form of criticism that's not necessarily always needed. So what I want to do is something different. I want to do a video of eight of my favorite ministries around. Now I'm not going to be able to list all of the ministries that I love and honor and respect and support but I'm going to list eight of my favorite Christian ministries that are around today and I recommend that you give these a follow but before I do that if you want to stand for unity and I want you to leave in the comment section three simple words make us one that's a prayer asking the Lord to make us one in Christ because that really is the mark of our connection with God in that we love one another. Now I'm going to say this as a disclaimer before I go down the list obviously the people on this list don't agree with me on every single topic you will find that there are some disagreements I would rather call them differences in the way we teach on certain topics but as it goes for the primaries of the faith the fundamentals things like Jesus's Lord things like the bodily resurrection of Jesus things like the Holy Trinity we agree and because we agree on the primary we agree on Christ. So number one here is a great minister someone I consider a true evangelist the ministry of Matt Cruz is a ministry I highly recommend to you. Matt Cruz is a fiery passionate revivalist and the messages that he brings are fresh the messages that he brings are sincere. Matt has a really wonderful way of communicating through story forms so many of the testimonies that he shares are just inspiring and I've watched him in person as he's ministered and shared stories and it's just something magnetic about the way that he shares the testimonies that he's experienced that's because it comes from a place of genuine thankfulness unto God for the things that God has done in and through his life so he's got a great ministry and of course as I go down the list you're going to see links to all of these ministries in the comment sections or at least we'll be able to put information on how you can get in touch with these ministries but Matt Cruz number one that's one of the ministries that I highly recommend number two prophet Robert Sanchez prophet Rob is a very good friend of mine I've known him for several years and yes he is very accurate as a prophet but I'm more impressed with purity than I am with accuracy and prophet Rob Sanchez is a man of character he's a man who loves Jesus I've seen him in everyday life just being very generous and he has a lot of compassion for God's people I've seen him prophesy for hours I kid you not four or five six hours of just prophesy he will prophesy until everyone in the church has received a word and I've seen him do this with very large crowds from the platform to behind the scenes he's the same guy sincere a genuine mouthpiece of heaven got a tremendous gifting and one of the ways that he teaches is actually quite unique of course he's grounded he's on the word but there's a very poetic way to the way that he teaches and prophesy so make sure you check out the ministry of prophet Robert Sanchez number three I had to put him in here and this is not a teaching ministry per se but it's a ministry you should get connected with people ask me all the time who's your favorite worship leader well I recommend to you none other than the anointed worship ministry of Mr. Steven Moctezuma I tell people he's not like my brother he is my brother we've known each other since we were children we grew up in church together but that's not why I'm recommending his ministry he really does carry a powerful gift of worship there's a heavenly elegance there's a class to the way that he leads worship we call him here at our ministry our in-house seraphim and it comes from a genuine place he truly loves Jesus I can tell you that 100 the man you see on the platform is the man behind the stage he is a genuine lover of God he truly loves worship I've seen him worship God in some of the most difficult times of his life and that worship just flows from him in a very powerful way it changes the atmosphere there's a real dynamic to it so make sure you check out the worship ministry of mr. Steven Moctezuma number four and we actually just had her on the program Hannah Williamson let me describe the preaching style of Hannah Williamson in one word bold she is not afraid to tell you the truth and in a time where preachers seem to be shying away from the truth in a time where leaders are actually trying to become nuanced they're trying to be clever they're trying to tell the truth without really telling the truth I thank god that Hannah Williamson has been raised for this hour she is not afraid to say what the bible says she is not afraid to communicate even the harsher truths of scripture to this culture and really she is a counterculture ministry and is very effective at reaching the next generation she has a real heart for discipleship a real heart for revival a real heart for teaching believers to walk in purity and therefore power so I recommend to you the ministry of Hannah Williamson number five tj melconji now I had the honor of meeting tj melconji and his wife a couple of years to go when they came to one of my services in Orlando Florida afterwards we had dinner he was there his wife was there my ministry team was there and we just connected and in talking to him I really sensed and saw that there was a genuine love for God's people he really has this deep desire to see God's people be set free and it's contagious that sort of desire that sort of sincerity is what leads to true anointed ministry because it's an overflow of his heart for God and his heart for people he has a very passionate preaching style and it's 100 sincere that's true excitement coming out of that man he was delivered from OCD it's part of his testimony he shares it often and now he's seeing others set free he's a soul winner and he is one who God is using to set the captives free through preaching teaching prayer and powerful anointed dynamic ministry number six evangelist joshua kelly now joshua kelly's ministry is right now in a season of growth and I believe you're gonna see more from this man of God in the coming years he has a real heart for evangelism he often prays for the sick and he preaches a true message of holiness repentance revival he's not afraid to talk about topics like the cross the blood of Jesus deliverance miracles faith and truly the holy spirit is with this man of God now I want to tell you something I know personally about joshua kelly that you may not know from watching him on his youtube channel you know often we see people on youtube or on platforms and the way they are in front of the screen or on the stage isn't really the way they are behind the scenes or with joshua kelly on the screen on the stage and behind the scenes there is a humility that comes from this man that is just so absolutely refreshing I've watched as this anointed evangelist has listened to the voice of the holy spirit I've watched him give up opportunities that seemed good simply because he felt the holy spirit telling him no his motives are not growth in ministry his motives are not fame or fortune I watch him turn away from both to pursue where he knew the holy spirit wanted him to go and because of that I truly believe as I said earlier that you're going to see more from his ministry in the coming years I highly recommend that you look into the ministry of joshua kelly number seven of course you knew he would be on this list my dear friend pastor vlad sovchuk now pastor vlad many of you don't know this was the one who got me started on coffee that was an inside joke and now it's a joke that everyone knows I never drank coffee before it was always water and sometimes tea and then I went and visited him I preached at his church and he showed me the best coffee spots and I'll tell you this it's moments like that that I remember with my friend pastor vlad now he truly is a man of god and I highly recommend his ministry to you he's got great teachings on prayer he's got excellent teachings on the holy spirit in fact that's the way I found pastor vlad initially just because you know the youtube algorithm sometimes recommends certain teachings to you that are similar to what you're putting out and because I released so many teachings on the holy spirit I saw his teachings on the holy spirit and I remember seeing his ministry and I told steve moth he said steve this guy is preaching exactly what we're preaching we have to connect with him at some point it was a few months later that I received a call from his ministry where they were inviting me to come and minister at their church hungry generation which by the way that's a great church and one I highly recommend often and this anointed man of god has integrity this anointed man of god has a passion for the word this man of god really knows how to preach I'm telling you I don't think I think there are very few people who can preach like pastor vlad can preach in fact I love those succinct phrases that he gives where he can summarize a whole thought a whole teaching in one sentence and I've tried to coin the term I call them vladisms that's what we call them internally here at our ministry I remember first thing what I believe is one of his more popular videos on youtube where he talks about the difference between a boy and a man and just the succinct short way he puts out truth is very effective very sharp mind highly anointed check out the teaching preaching deliverance healing power packed ministry of pastor vlad savchuk and I know you're going to be blessed by his ministry number eight pastor michael hernandez of reclaim media now if that last name hernandez sounds familiar to you that's because michael is my younger brother for those of you who didn't know I do have a younger brother I have two siblings one older sister and one younger brother now just because he's my brother is not the reason why I'm putting him on this list he truly does have some powerful preaching and teaching on his channel reclaim media he's got a real heart for God's people I mean I can tell you this after years of watching him minister he truly prioritizes God's people that's his heart he wants to reach them you know I've been in green rooms and back rooms and behind the scenes and behind the stage with many men and women of God and I've seen many men and women of God come off their platforms and talk about how many people showed up oh my goodness there were so many people here I've seen behind the scenes where they rejoice wow can you believe what came in the offering and there's nothing necessarily wrong with rejoicing in a lot of people attending your event or a lot of people giving generously to your ministry which is a cause that you believe in but I've watched my brother and he's never really mentioned those things after a service the primary thing he's talking about is did you see that family go to the altar did you see that family we were praying for they got saved did you see that family we were believing for they got healed and so it's precisely this heart for God's people he truly is a shepherd he is a true pastor and so if you're looking for someone who has a real concern a real heart for God's people and truly wants to see people develop that's his heart he wants to see people develop through discipleship he wants to see them grow he wants to see them become who God created them to become that's the ministry of Michael Hernandez at Reclaim Media so make sure you check out his ministry now as I said I mean I think there's something we can point out on everyone on this list where I might disagree with them a little bit or there might be a different methodology that they use that I wouldn't use but this is what it means to be united look I know there's a time to divide I know someone starts preaching heresy or starts violating the fundamentals of the faith okay that's a time for division but we have to stop bashing fellow brothers and sisters in Christ we have to stop attacking each other and calling it the ministry we must embrace this peace but I wanted to do this today to show you what it looks like when we honor each other when we embrace one another when we stick to what Jesus truly commanded us to do and that is love one another not unity at the expense of truth but true unity where we're united in the truth that we believe around Christ himself the fundamentals of the faith and so as I've done this I'm doing this to show you what it looks like when we honor others instead of bashing others when we honor the ministries that God has placed in the church instead of attacking them for not being just like us so let me challenge you with this thought are their ministries are their people are their churches that you are unfairly criticizing yeah we may say things like oh something in my spirit didn't sit right but often what we're really saying is I don't like them or I don't agree with what they said can we be the body of Christ can we come together let's be a generation that honors one another let's embrace this biblical principle of honor and encouragement let's embrace the way of Christ the way of unity now let me pray for you father I pray you would cause your church to love one another I pray lord that you would give us true discernment not cynicism not criticism not suspicion true discernment based on your word and father I'm asking you to heavily convict us in the name of Jesus convict us who don't obey your word and your call to unity and love help us father to do it in the mighty name of Jesus we pray and I want you to say it because you believe it say amen now don't turn out the video just yet need to talk to you about a couple of things number one if you enjoyed this video leave a like and also make sure you're subscribed to EncounterTV click the notification bell when you do subscribe so that you can receive notices when we put out new content EncounterTV is Spirit Field Jesus-centered Bible base now if you want to take your support to the next level beyond subscription beyond praying for the ministry and you want to help us you want to get real involved in what we're doing you want to help us produce the content run the live streams host the events that we have around the world then can I ask you to consider becoming a monthly ministry supporter help us win souls around the world help us disciple believers help us expand the kingdom of God go right now David Hernandez ministries dot com slash partner to become a monthly ministry supporter your monthly support of any amount is going to make a difference so go right now David Hernandez ministries dot com slash partner every amount counts it all matters it all makes a difference and I want to leave you with this if you enjoyed this teaching then you will love three things I've learned about criticism and slander


Hello everyone, I welcome you to this session. In this session, we will discuss the second part of the unit 4, Accounting Process 1 or Financial Accounting of Become for Semester. In this session, we will discuss two important aspects. Number one, the system of bookkeeping and secondly, we will see the classification of accounts. Generally, when we record the business transactions in books of accounts, we follow a particular system. That system is known as double entry system of bookkeeping. So, we will discuss the double entry system of bookkeeping. This double entry system of bookkeeping is based on a particular accounting concept. That concept is known as dual aspect concept. According to this concept, each transaction will have two accounts. Means, there will be two aspects of the same transactions. In the first part video, we have shown the format of a particular account. Then, we have discussed the term debit and credit. So, in a particular account, there are two sites, debit and credit. So, that particular format is based on the double entry system. The double entry system of bookkeeping is based on dual aspect concept and each aspect of every transaction will be recorded in a particular account and directed account. So, two aspects will be recorded under the double entry system of bookkeeping whenever a particular transaction takes place in the business. And this debit and credit will be equal. So, let us again recapitulate the format. That on a particular site, we have recorded that particular JF amount. That is the left side, debit side, DR. And on the other side, we have written as CR credit side with the same column name, debt particulars JF amount. So, whenever a transaction takes place on that particular day, we will record the debt, the details of the transaction and we will give certain amount of the transaction and the journal folio is there. So, how to record the transactions in this particular format? But before discussing that, let us first discuss the features of this particular system, the double entry system of bookkeeping. In this particular system, transaction takes place only if there are two parties. So, you can take an example that a transaction takes place between me and you. So, one party will receive certain benefit and the other party will give some benefit. So, I may receive something and on the opposite side, you may give something. So, that transaction will take place if there are two parties. That is, in this particular site, I am here and you on the other side, we are transacting something. So, each party is affected in opposite direction, but with the same amount. Let us take the example that I have purchased some goods for an amount of rupees 2000. So, I have purchased this. I bought these items and I paid rupees 2000 against that to you. So, I got the items and you get the money. So, the items will be what rupees 2000? I have, these items are with me and I paid rupees 2000, the equal amount to you. So, you have rupees 2000 in your account or in your hand. So, the same transaction affected both the parties related in the transaction. So, the changes are recognized from the point of view of the party whose books of accounts are being recorded. So, each transaction, I will record my aspect in my books of accounts and you will record your aspect, the impact of that particular transaction in your books of accounts from your point of view. So, the same transaction, the same amount, but the recording will be takes place in a different way. So, I will record my aspect in my books of accounts, you will record your aspect in your books of accounts, but the relation will be same means the amount will be same. So, changes are recorded in the two related accounts in the books of the party in whose books recording is being done. So, we have to first think in which books of accounts will record that particular transaction. From my side, in our example, I will record in my books of accounts the purchase transaction because I have purchased it. So, purchase and I have paid rupees 2000 to you. So, I will record it in my cash book also that I have paid rupees 2000. So, this is my aspect. If you consider your aspect, then for you in your books of accounts, you have to record it as a sale transaction because you have sold me the goods. So, one aspect will be sale in your books of accounts and the other aspect will be the cash that you have received 2000. Means you have sold for rupees 2000 and you have received cash 2000. Amount will be same in my book also, in your book also. Two aspects, in your case it is sale and cash. In my case, it is purchase and cash. So, the amount will be same, but the two aspects are recorded. So, these are the features and the process of double entry system. Now, let us see what are the advantages of this particular system. This is the scientific system. So, if I wrongly recorded a particular aspect, suppose in my books of accounts I have recorded it like purchase for rupees 3000 instead of rupees 2000, but when I have recorded it in the cash book, the case aspect, I have recorded it rightly 2000. So, these two amounts will vary and it will show that there are some mistakes in the recording purpose. So, this system is very scientific and any, it is largely purpose of correcting all the entries mathematically. So, it records the whole transaction. It is a complete record. I have recorded two aspects, purchase and cash. You have recorded under double entry system in your books of accounts as sale and cash. So, it will check automatically arithmetical accuracy. Then you can ascertain the results of the business activities. So, we are placing the similar type of transaction that we have discussed. So, in your case the sale will be rupees 2000 and in my case the purchase will be rupees 2000. So, we can ascertain the results of the business that it is the amount that we have spent for purchase. Then accordingly you can ascertain the financial position at the end of a particular period of time. So, these things are automatically generated when we will follow this double entry system of bookkeeping. However, there are certain disadvantages also. Number one, requirement of expert knowledge means for recording the transactions under double entry system of bookkeeping, we must know the various aspects of this particular system. Then it is lengthy and cumbersome. In this process we first record a particular transaction in journal book. Then we will record it. Means we will post it from journal to another set of books that is the ledger book. Then we will prepare trial balance. Then final account. So, it is a quite lengthy process and needs the expert knowledge. It is expensive. We have to record the different transactions. We have to have various books of accounts. Then maybe we have to appoint some accountant etc. etc. So, it involves cost. And generally it is termed as unsuitable for small organization as the transactions are very less. However, in spite of these disadvantages, this system provides the efficiency in the whole accounting system and you can readily ascertain the results of your business. Now, let us discuss the classification of accounts. When we will discuss this particular aspect, we can follow two approaches. Number one, traditional approach also known as English approach. Then number two, American approach also known as modern approach. Another traditional approach, we generally classify the accounts as personal account and impersonal account. Again, under personal account we have different types of accounts. Accounts of natural person like you and me, Mr. Ram, Mr. Sita, Mr. Jodu etc. All natural persons. Then accounts of artificial persons means the accounts of corporates, accounts of some organizations. For example, the accounts of my supplier, account of the land company etc. These are all artificial persons and for accounting purpose we will record it as a personal account. Then representative personal account. So, these things will be discussed later on also. Again, we have another classification, impersonal account. So, under impersonal account we have two types of accounts. Real account generally indicates the properties of the business and number two, nominal account generally indicates the expenses and losses and incomes and gains. Under American approach, we classify the accounts in a different way. In the five different accounts. So, under this approach we have assets account, the assets of the business, liabilities in the amount due by your business to some other business or to some other person. Different liabilities may be bank loan etc. So, assets account, liabilities account, then the third one is capital accounts. Capital means the amount invested by you in your business, then revenue accounts, the income that business earn, expenses accounts. So, accordingly we will classify the transaction in different accounts if we follow the American system in classifying the accounts. So, this is all about the double entry system and classification of accounts. In the third part, we will discuss some other aspects of the same unit. Thank you.


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Good evening aspirants, welcome to the hindu news analysis by Shankarai's academy for the date 17th of February 2022. These are the list of articles we will be discussing today. Actually there is a small clarification regarding my last session. Actually while discussing about socio-economic and caste descents I said 1931 but I wrote 1937. Actually the socio-economic and caste descents was carried out in 1931 only. It is not 1937. Just make that change. Now let us start our discussion. Take a look at this article. In this article the chief justice of India Mr. Ramana mentioned that thousands of litigants are waiting for justice. See many cases were adjourned for months and there is no manpower to form benches to adjudicate these cases. According to the article it is said that supreme court has given two weeks time for the government to make appointments to all the tribunals. This is the corrects of the article here. Since prelims is nearing in this context let us revise about the constitutional provisions for the tribunals. See in our constitution the article 323a deals with the provisions of administrative tribunal. See the parliament may by law provide for the adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointment in public service or post which are in connection with the affairs of the union or of any state or of any local or other authorities within the government of India or under the control of government of India or any corporation owned or controlled by the government. To put it in simple words the administrative tribunal here is a quasi judicial body that resolves disputes related to the recruitment and service conditions of persons engaged in public service. The central administrative tribunal is established according to the article 323a. See we saw that under article 323a the parliament may by law provide for adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals. Such a law made by parliament will have the following provisions. The law provides for the establishment of an administrative tribunal for the union and a separate administrative tribunal for each state or for two or more states. The law also specifies the jurisdiction, the powers and the authority which may be exercised by each of the said administrative tribunals. The law also provides for the procedure to be followed in such tribunals. See the law of the parliament may also exclude the jurisdiction of any courts except the jurisdiction of supreme court regarding the matters, disputes and complaints which are dealt by these administrative tribunals. Having done with the administrative tribunals under article 323a now let us see about article 323b. See this article deals with the formation of tribunals for other matters. The main difference between article 323a and article 323b is while article 323a deals with administrative tribunals, article 323b deals with other type of tribunals like national green tribunal, competition apply tribunal, securities apply tribunal etc. The other difference here is that tribunals under article 323a can be established only by the parliament. Note that, however tribunals under article 323b can be established by both the parliament and the state legislature. The last major difference is that under article 323a there can be only one tribunal at the center and one for each state or two or more states. But under article 323b there can be a hierarchy of tribunals. See we saw that article 323b deals with the formation of tribunals for other matters. The other matters include levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax, foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontier, industrial and labor disputes, land reforms by way of acquisition by the state, sealing on urban property, elections to either house of parliament or house or either house of the state legislature, protection, procurement, supply and distribution of food and such other stuff as the president may by public notification declare to be an essential good and control the price of such goods. Finally offenses against law with respect to any of the matters specified above. See various other tribunals established for other matters include income tax apply tribunal, customs exercise and service tax apply tribunal, national green tribunal, competition apply tribunal, securities apply tribunal, motor accidents claim tribunal, appellate tribunal for foreign exchange, cyber appellate tribunal, national highways tribunal etc. That's all regarding this discussion. Before concluding let us do a quick recap. See this discussion was regarding tribunals. In that first we saw about article 323a. According to this article the parliament may by law establish administrative tribunals. See these are quasi judicial bodies that resolve disputes related to the recruitment and service conditions of persons engaged in public service. Then we saw about article 323b. See we saw that while article 323a deals with administrative tribunals, article 323b deals with all types of tribunals. We also saw some difference between article 323a and article 323b. The major difference here is that tribunals under article 323a can be established only by the parliament. However tribunals under article 323b can be established by both the parliament and the state legislature. Next we saw that under article 323a there can be only one tribunal at the center and one for each state or two or more states. But under article 323b there can be a hierarchy of tribunals. That's all regarding this discussion. With this let us move on to the next news article. Take a look at this news article. See this news article talks about an interesting concept known as negative liberty. See everyone today defends freedom like freedom to speak, freedom to move, freedom to act, freedom to eat, freedom to practice any religion etc. But exactly what does freedom, a term that scholars have been redefined and examined countless times, actually mean? To know this news article takes an example from Isaya Berlin's seminal essay published in 1958 titled The Two Concepts of Liberty. Isaya Berlin is a British philosopher and a historian of ideas. Isaya Berlin was noted for his writings on political philosophy and the concept of liberty and this particular essay speaks broadly of two senses of freedom. So this is the crux of the news article. In this background let us brush through some of the important points mentioned in this article. See this article is very important. We know in recent times the essay papers have become more and more philosophical and abstract in nature. So in the essay paper to differentiate your answer from your fellow aspirants you have to quote some philosophers. You have to convince the evaluator that you wrote a well-read essay and you have a wide knowledge. This is where this discussion comes in. You can note down the points we are about to discuss and you can try to use it in your essay. You can also use the points we are going to discuss in your ethics paper also. Look at this essay question from 2019. Let me read it out first. Best for an individual is not necessarily best for a society. See this essay can be approached as a general studies paper to question also. And if you write like that your essay will be very normal and very mediocre. But instead in your essay if you start by talking about the concepts of liberty by Isaya Berlin your paper will immediately get the attention of the evaluator. So even if you write a very normal essay since you got the evaluator's attention already you will definitely get more marks. So listen to the discussion very carefully. Before going into today's discussion the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference. Please go through it. Now let us start our discussion. As I already said the essay titled two concepts of liberty written by Isaya Berlin broadly speaks about two senses of freedom. First is what he calls negative liberty. This negative liberty revolves around the existence of private sphere. In this private sphere the individual can do as he or she pleases without any interference. Interference here means freedom from interference of other individuals, communities, the state or oppressive societal forces. In other words the individual is free of any external barriers or constraints. The second is what he calls positive liberty. See it refers to the act of taking control over one's life and realizing its fundamental purposes. Negative liberty and positive liberty are not only two types of liberty they are frequently viewed as competing and conflicting interpretation of the concept of liberty itself. See this competing interpretation results in significant social and political implication. Now to understand the concept better let us see an example. Let us assume a woman named Devi and this woman works in Chennai and she wants to visit her family which is living in a village in Bihar. Under a negative conception of liberty Devi could travel from Chennai to her village in Bihar without anyone stopping her for any reason. If someone like Devi's relatives or neighbors or the government prevented her from traveling that would amount to a violation of her negative liberty. But imagine this what is Devi's poor and she cannot afford a plane ticket or a train ticket. Would that be a violation of negative liberty? No, but her capacity to travel is hindered by her poverty. So from the standpoint of positive liberty which is the ability to take control of one's own life and realize its fundamental purposes in this scenario Devi is not free. That is the poverty that Devi faces restricts her positive liberty. Now I hope you got a basic understanding about positive liberty and negative liberty with this example. Now moving on. See according to Berlin from the previous example Devi's failure to fulfill a specific goal in this case travel would not be appropriately defined as a lack of freedom. For this let us expand on the example that we discussed. First let us consider the society that Devi is in is a egalitarian one that is there is opportunity for everyone. Everyone has equal access to education and economic opportunity. In such a society if Devi is poor it is her own individual fault. So in this scenario that is in a perfect egalitarian society Devi's failure to travel does not amount to lack of freedom. Now consider alternatively Devi is living in a highly unequal society. In this unequal society some people have access to quality education and economic opportunity. In this case Devi's poverty is not due to her own fault and her poverty is just a reflection of the inequality in the society. So in this case that is in a highly unequal society where the poverty of Devi is due to social construct of the society then Devi's failure to travel amounts to lack of freedom. In other words Berlin says the use of the term freedom depends on a particular social and economic theory about the causes of poverty or weakness. That is if the cause of poverty is due to individual choices then freedom is not affected. But if the cause of poverty is due to social reasons then freedom is affected. Hope you guys understand the difference. Now let's move on. See political left that is the people who are leading towards communism and socialism support positive liberty. On the other hand the political right that is right wing nationalist and libertarians support the idea of negative liberty. Now why are we discussing about positive liberty and negative liberty and who support positive liberty and who support negative liberty? It is because the notion of positive and negative liberty broadly determine how the governments function. See for example some government may cut spending on government programs while other governments may increase the provision of government services so that the poor and the marginalized can have better access to food and resources. They increase the provision of government services by taxing other citizens. If the government does the later that is the government taxes the people and use the money to provide subsidized food for others it means that it is cutting down on the economic freedom of some class of citizens in order for others to access certain goods and services and to have a certain amount of economic freedom. And this is where some of the people have a problem with positive liberty in its practical sense. Berlin also explains in the essay how positive liberty has been abused by tyrannies especially by the Soviet Union. According to him the regime in the Soviet Union just portrayed its brutal governance as a empowerment of the people. See you can add Mao's China and Pol Pot's Cambodia to the list also. See Mao's great lead forward economic policy which focused on increasing positive liberty resulted in 15 to 55 million deaths while Pol Pot's efforts to achieve positive liberty in Cambodia resulted in Cambodian genocide. Okay so when we keep focusing only on positive liberty it will not result in a positive outcome in every sense. Okay now moving on. See on the other hand in a society with negative freedom everyone is freer because no one's freedom is compromised but early English philosophers believed that negative freedom could lead to social chaos imagine having freedom to do whatever you can in whatever way you pleased this could lead to total chaos. For this let us consider there is no traffic light or no traffic police in the roads in this case the drivers will have complete freedom that is they have full negative liberty but this does not result in positive outcome but does this result in positive outcome a big no because if there is no traffic light or no traffic police our roads will be in complete chaos. So this is why early English philosophers believed that negative freedom could lead to social chaos. In addition to this we note that there is no limit to human wants and if the human beings are allowed to achieve anything they want the strong will suppress the weak. This is why the area of mince action is often restricted by law. See so far we saw what is positive and negative liberty we also saw some of the examples of what will happen when government focus only on positive liberty in full-fledged and we also some of the examples of what will happen if government only focus on negative liberty in full-fledged. Now let us know how ideal freedom should be. See for example libertarians in England and France argued that there should be a certain minimum area of personal freedom which must on no account be violated. If such personal freedom is violated then the individual will find himself in a space that is too small for him to even develop the basic capabilities for himself. So the libertarians of England and France suggested that there should be some line between public activity and private life. See in case of India to protect this personal freedom we have part three of the constitution that is the fundamental rights. But where do we draw the line? According to Berlin no man's behavior is fully private that it does not interfere with the life of others in any way. He noted that freedom for a pike is death for the minnows. Here pike is a large carnivorous predatory fish and minnow is a smaller fish that the pike feeds on. So if the pike has full freedom all the minnows will be eaten up. That is if there is complete absolute freedom the strong will decimate the weak. So he argued that some people's freedom must sometimes be limited in order to ensure the freedom of others. So negative liberty must be restricted for the sake of other values such as equality and justice. So to conclude according to Issa Abel and there must be a limitation in negative liberty in order to ensure freedom for others. And remember this is not to say negative liberty is not important. See imagine this there is a situation where powerful religious organization caste organization or even the governments are keen on controlling every aspects of the people's life like who to marry what kind of family to lead what opinion to hold and even what to eat. In such a case negative freedom is a very valuable asset. So negative liberty and positive liberty must be properly balanced by the government. That's all regarding this news article. Now let us do a quick recap. See in this discussion first we saw the difference between positive liberty and negative liberty with the example of Miss Devi. Then we saw why poverty at all time does not result in restricting positive liberty. Then we saw the ill effects of focusing entirely on positive liberty and then we saw the ill effects of focusing entirely on negative liberty. Finally we concluded by saying that why positive and negative liberty must be balanced. This is all regarding this discussion. With this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Look at these two news articles. See these two news articles talks about job aspirants being duped by middlemen. According to the first article the central crane bench has arrested four persons. It is found that the accused collected about 70 lakh from 16 candidates promising them to get jobs at Chennai airport and other central establishments.  So the commissioner of police said that the public should not fall prey to the designs of fraudsters by giving money to them. He also clarified that government establishments or private entities do not give jobs on receiving money from any job aspirant. And the second article here talks about fraud regarding promising jobs under sports quota in southern railways. So this is the crux of the news articles given here. See we have to understand why such incidents are happening first. There are several reasons to it. One is the lack of job opportunities. See we all know India is currently in the face of demographic dividend that is we have a very high youth population. Because of this high youth population there is a mismatch in the number of jobs available and the number of working age persons. This leads to several persons to involve in fraud activities like those mentioned in the article. Because people are desperate to get job. Other important reason is the lack of skill set needed for the jobs that are available. There is a mismatch here also jobs are available. But person with the required skill sets are not available. So to address these two major issues government has taken many steps and has implemented many schemes. In this discussion let us see some of the schemes related to employment generation and skill development. First scheme we are going to see is Pradhan Mandri or Prime Minister's Employment Generation Program. This scheme is a composition of two schemes Prime Ministers, Rojgar Yojana and Rural Employment Generation Program. It is a credit linked subsidy program which aims at generating employment opportunities through establishment of micro enterprises in both rural as well as urban areas. The objective of the scheme is to provide continuous and sustainable employment. The scheme focuses on traditional artisans and unemployed youth in both rural and urban areas of the country. The next scheme that we are going to see is the infamous Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. The mandate of Mandrega is to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work. The next one we are going to see is Pradhan Mandri Mudra Yojana. See this scheme was initiated by the government for facilitating self-employment. Under the Pradhan Mandri Mudra Yojana collateral free loans up to 10 lakhs are extended to the non-corporate, non-form small and micro business enterprises and to individuals to enable them to set up and expand their business activities. Okay see the next one we are going to see is Pradhan Mandri Rojgar Purasthan Yojana. It is a scheme to incentivize employers to generate new job opportunities. Here the incentive is given by the government which pays the full contribution of employers to the employee pension scheme and employee provident fund in respect to new employees. Okay see this scheme has a dual benefit where on the one hand the employer is incentivized for increasing the employment base of workers in the establishment and on the other hand a large number of workers will find jobs in such establishment. A direct benefit of this scheme is that these new workers will have access to social security benefits of the organized sector. Finally we have the skill development initiative by the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The main aim of these initiative is to provide vocational trading to school dropouts, existing workers, IT graduates etc. This is done to improve their employability by optimally utilizing the infrastructure available in the government, private institutions and industries. See in this discussion due to time constraints we have seen only a very few schemes. Please spend more time and see about the other schemes by the Ministry of Labor and Employment and Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. It will be very useful for you in your main sanser. Okay with this we have come to the end of the discussion. Before concluding let us do a quick recap. See in this discussion we saw some steps taken by the government to increase employment opportunity in our country. In that first we saw Prime Minister's Employment Generation Program. This is a composition of two schemes. The two schemes are Prime Minister's Rojga Ryojina and Rural Employment Generation Program. Prime Minister's Employment Generation Program is a credit link subsidy program that aims at generating employment opportunities through establishment of micro-enterprises in both urban and rural areas. Then we saw Mandrega. See we all know that Mandrega's mandate is to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to all adult members of the rural households. Then we saw about Prime Minister Mudra Ryojina. Prime Minister Mudra Ryojina aims at providing self-employment opportunities by providing Kolla Tel Free Loans. Finally we saw about Prime Minister Rojgaar Porashtan In this the government pays the full contribution of the employer to the Employee Pension Scheme and Employee Provident Fund. This is done to incentivize the employer to generate new job opportunity. Okay this is all regarding this discussion. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the proposed away from reactor nuclear spent fuel storage for the units of the Kudam Kulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tirunelveli district Tamil Nadu. According to the article the AIADMK coordinator has urged the chief minister to take steps to stop the project. This is because according to him if such a facility is built nuclear waste from other states might be deposited in Kudam Kulam in the future. So in this context let us quickly go through the radioactive waste management scenario in India. Firstly what is an away from reactor nuclear spent fuel storage? The away from reactor storage is a spent fuel storage outside of a reactor site boundary. It mainly involves receiving and temporarily storing irradiated fuel from a number of nuclear power reactors. Here in this image you can see how a nuclear spent fuel storage looks like. Spent fuel here is simply a nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor to a point that it can no longer sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Why should we store these spent fuels? See even though the spent fuels can no longer sustain a nuclear chain reaction they are highly radioactive. The most highly radioactive fuel rods are those that are recently removed from a reactor. This is why we store spent fuels because of the radioactive potential. See we store the spent fuels in water because water is a good conductor of both radiation shielding and cooling. So the fuel is stored at the bottom of a pool for a couple of decades until it's inert enough to be moved into dry casks. See dry cask storage allows spent fuels that has already been cooled in the spent fuel pool for at least one year to be surrounded by inert gas inside a container called a cask. Okay now talking about waste management see the management of radiation emitting radioactive material is a matter of concern because public acceptance of nuclear energy largely depends on the public assurance of safe management of nuclear waste. Okay see initially nuclear energy was hailed as a non-polluting way for generating electricity. Later on it was realized that the use of nuclear energy has two very serious inherent problems. The first is accidental leakage as it occurred in the three-mile island incident and the Chernobyl incident and the second is safe disposal of radioactive waste. Radiation that is given off by nuclear waste is extremely damaging to organism because it causes mutations at a very high rate. At high doses nuclear radiation is lethal but at low doses it creates various disorders the most frequent one being cancer. Therefore nuclear waste is an extremely potent pollutant and has to be dealt with utmost caution. It has been recommended that storage of nuclear waste after sufficient pretreatment should be done in suitable shielded container buried within the rocks about 500 meter deep below the earth's surface. However this method of disposal is meeting stiff opposition from the public. Okay this is regarding this discussion. Before concluding let us do a quick recap. In this discussion first we saw what is away from reactor nuclear spent fuel storage. The away from reactor storage is a spent fuel storage outside of a nuclear reactor site. Okay in this storage the spent fuel is stored at a bottom of a water pool. Here spent fuel is simply a nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor to a point that it can no longer sustain a chain nuclear reaction. After spending some time at the bottom of the pool the spent fuel is then stored in a dry cask. The dry cask here is a container that holds the nuclear fuel and surrounds it by a inert gas. Finally this dry cask containers are buried within the rocks about 500 meter deep below the earth's surface. That's all regarding this discussion. Now let us move on to the next news article. See this colorful article here. It talks about a rare phenomenon that was witnessed in the pristine beaches of Dhanushkodi in the past few days. See Dhanushkodi is at the southernmost tip of Rameshwaram island in the Indian peninsula and the rare phenomenon was the presence of thousands of crimson rose butterflies on the flowering plants along the beach. According to the article Dhanushkodi was their stopover for nettering before they took their ultimate journey towards Sri Lanka which is around 25 kilometers away from the tip of Dhanushkodi. The observers from the nature and their butterfly society underscore the importance of native beach vegetation in the journey of the butterfly. So they are of the view that the beaches must be protected in their pristine form. That's all about this article. From the exam point of view we are going to see about the crimson rose butterflies. First of all let us see about the physical characteristics. See crimson rose is a large shallow tail butterfly belonging to the genus Pakliopta of the red-bodied shallow tails. The scientific name is Pakliopta Hector. See both the sexes in this butterfly are similar in pattern but the females are quite big and dull in coloration. The crimson rose is a black butterfly with two white bands on the forewing and two rows of bright crimson patches on the hind wing. The shape of the crimson patches vary with butterfly to butterfly. The abdomen of the butterfly, the thorax and the head always have crimson patches. These patches are reduced in females. See the bright color of the butterfly is used as a camouflage to scare its predators and attract its mates. Now let us move on to see the distribution and the habitat of crimson rose butterfly. See generally the distribution of this butterfly is extensive in South and Southeast Asia. It is found in India and Sri Lanka and possibly the coast of western Myanmar. Know that crimson rose visit the flowers of scarves and some variety of taller herbs in groups. They are quite dormant and stop over at the flowers near the ground in the early hours of the day and they become very active during the new. Occasionally we can see this butterfly mudpeddling in small numbers. Here what is mudpeddling? See butterflies mostly male come together and uptake the sodium and amino acids from the mud, dung and urine of animals and the decaying flesh and this sodium and amino acids which the male took from the mud, dung and urine of mammals it transfers it to the female during the mating ritual. This behavior is usually called as buddling. Now moving on. See the most striking aspect of the butterfly's behavior is its strong migratory tendencies. During the peak of its season several thousands of crimson roses start their migratory journey. Now let us see the habitat of the butterfly. See this butterfly inhibits open vegetation and scrub lands. It is abundant in the dry zone and occasionally it can be even seen in the wet zone. See very rarely this butterfly can be seen in the higher elevations also. This we can find only during the migratory flight of the butterfly. With this let us also see the protection status of the crimson rose. See it is recorded as a least concern species by IUCN. According to IUCN a least concern species is a species that has been characterized as not being a focus of species conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. Now coming to India. In India this species is legally protected under schedule one of the wildlife protection act 1972. In India Maharashtra, Uttarkan, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have declared specific species as their state butterflies. Maharashtra has blue mormon, Uttarkan has common peacock, Karnataka has southern bird wings, Kerala has Malabar banded peacock and Tamil Nadu has Tamil Yoman. See this is done as an effort to create awareness among the common public to recognize that butterfly as an integral and important part of the nature's ecosystem. This is all about this article discussion. Before concluding let us do a quick recap. The crimson rose is a shallow tail butterfly. Its scientific name is Pakliopta Hector. See in this species females are larger and they are less colorized than males. They can be found in India, Sri Lanka and western coast of Myanmar. This species is dormant during the early hours of the day and active during the noon. Occasionally male members of this butterfly can be seen mudpeddling. In case of mudpeddling, what they do is they take up sodium and amino acids from the mud, dengan, urine of mammals or decaying flesh. See this species also follow migratory pattern. This butterfly inhibits open vegetation and scribblings and they are abundant in the dry zone and they are classified as least concerned by IUCN and in the wildlife protection act of 1972 they are placed under schedule 1. Finally, we saw five states and their corresponding state butterflies. In that we saw Maharashtra which has blue mormon, Uttarkhand which has common peacock, Karnataka which has southern bird wings, Kerala which has Malabar banded peacock and Tamil Nadu which has Tamil Yoman. With these points in mind let us conclude this discussion. See we have come to the end of the news article discussion session. Now let us take up the practice prelims questions. We have five practice prelims questions today. Let us see them one by one. Let us take up the first question. This is a previous year question from the 2019 prelims paper. Let me read out the question first. In the context of quality which of the following would be accepted as the most appropriate definition of liberty. Four options are given. We have to find which of the following options would be an appropriate definition of liberty. See liberty can be seen from two perspectives negative and positive. Negative liberty is the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraint. Positive liberty is the possibility of acting or the fact of acting in such a way to take control of one's life and realize one's fundamental purpose. Here let us first take option B that is absence of restraint. This covers only a part of the definition of liberty. So option B is wrong. Next let us take option A that is protection against tyranny of political rulers. This is also a partial definition of liberty because option A has a connotation more towards fundamental rights rather than liberty. One can be protected from the tyranny by rule of law but it does not by itself guarantee liberty. See the appropriate definition for liberty is given in option D that is opportunity to develop oneself fully. Since option A, B and C are incorrect the correct answer that is the appropriate definition for liberty is given in option D that is opportunity to develop oneself fully. Now let us take up the second question. Two statements regarding tribunals are given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. Administrative tribunals are established by the law of the parliament. See this statement is correct. We saw in our discussion under article 323a class 1 administrative tribunals are formed by the law of the parliament. Now moving on to the second statement. See in India tribunals can be formed to adjudicate disputes related to recruitment and service conditions of persons in public services only. This statement is incorrect because in India tribunals can be formed for other purposes also that is according to article 323b. We saw this also in our discussion. Since statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect the correct answer here is option A 1 only. Now let us take up the third question. This is also a two statement question. Two statements regarding Pradhan Mandiri, Roskar Purastha and Yodhna is given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. The implementation agency is the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. This statement is wrong because the implementing agency for Pradhan Mandiri, Roskar Purastha and Yodhna is Ministry of Labor and Employment. Now let us take up the second statement. The aim of the scheme is to incentivize employers for providing means for improving skills of the employees. This statement is also wrong because the scheme was designed to incentivize employers for generation of new employment where the Government of India will be paying the full employers contribution towards EPF and EPS. So the Pradhan Mandiri, Roskar Purastha and Yodhna is not for skill development. Since statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect the correct answer here is option D neither one nor two. Now let us take up the fourth prilams question. This is a three statement question. Three statements regarding Crimson Rose butterflies are given. We have to find the correct ones. Let us take up the first statement. The species is endemic to India. This statement is incorrect because in our discussion we saw that the species can be found in South and Southeast Asia okay. Now moving on to the second statement. Since it comes under insect category it is not protected under Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. This statement is also incorrect because in our discussion we saw that it is protected under schedule one of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Moving on to the third statement. These species can migrate across ocean. This statement is correct. We saw in the news article that Crimson Rose butterfly are migrating to Sri Lanka from Dhanushkodi in India. So since statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect and only statement 3 is correct the correct answer here is option B three only. Now let us take up the last practice prilams question. This is also a two statement question. Two statements regarding spend fuels is given. We have to find the correct ones. Let us take up the first statement. It is a nuclear fuel that is removed from a nuclear power or research reactor following irradiation. Let us take up the second statement. It is highly radioactive and it also generates lot of heat. See from our discussion we can infer that both the given statements are correct. So since both the statements are correct the correct answer here would be option C both 1 and 2. The main question based on today's discussion is here. Write the answer and post it in the comment section. Actually I received two answers for my last discussion. I was little busy so I was not able to evaluate it. What I will do is I will go today and evaluate the answers. Okay. Sorry for the delay. If you like today's discussion like comment and share it with your friends and for more updates regarding UPSC preparation subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you.