This 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited with the 5.7L V8 Hemi motor is stock number 21C8A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep and Jeep Grand Cherokee headquarters. This 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited with the Hemi has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. It has newer tires, newer brakes, and is 100% ready to go. Brilliant black crystal pearls of color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the Jeep before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this Jeep, in the upper right hand party screen is a link to our website, click that and check us out there. Comes with the 18-inch painted and polished aluminum rims, and it has Goodyear Wrangler SRA 26560R18 tires, and these tires have probably about 60 to 70% of the tread left on them, newer looking brakes. Front fender is in excellent condition as well, no dents or things like that. It does come with the projector lamp headlamps, the projector lamp fog lamps, and the front bumper is in pretty nice shape. You didn't see any major dents, dings or cracks in that, and the hood is in nice condition. This vehicle does have a little bit more miles on it, 132,000, passenger side front fender is in nice condition, and the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on that, looks pretty good. As you go down this side of the Jeep, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here so that you can make a smart buying decision from the comfort of your own home. That's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade, basically make the whole vehicle yours from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here, all you've got to do is drive it, love it, and you'll be all set to go. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires in this back room, does have a little bit of corrosion on the edges there, but that's why we do the videos so that you know exactly what you're getting. Rear bumper is in great shape, no dents, dings, or cracks on that. Does have the dual rear exhaust with the chrome tips, full towing baggage, which includes a receiver hitch, 4-pin and 7-pin wiring, and the tailgate is in really nice condition as well. Does have the power lift tailgate, that lifts up like so. Back storage area is in nice condition and it does have the factory subwoofer. Also comes with the full-size spare tire and jack tools, and you do get the power button to put the gate down. Those seats do fold down 4X through storage, which I'll show you in just a little bit. Press that button, it'll beep at you three times and then come on down. It beeps at you a total of four times, but the third time it comes on down. And you do get the LED tail lamps there for the running lights. Rear quarter looks really good. And for full disclosure, this back room, about the same condition as the other back one. Down this side of the vehicle, take note, just as clean as that passenger side, no dents, no dings. Does have the heated power mirrors with the built-in directional signals, and you just have to put your hand in and it'll automatically unlock.  There are no rips, there are no tears in those seats. Side current airbags, driver side lumbar with power driver seat. Both these seats are heated factory floor mats, auto headlamps. You get the nice dark wood grain trim. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors, and memory driver seat. We'll hop inside. Take a look at the instrument cluster. Miles and everything. See that this one has 132,871 miles. You do get the digital speedometer. Range to empty, current miles per gallon. You can change that to compass, time, basically whatever you want. It's all configurable. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel. No major scuffs or scrapes on that. Cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And you do get paddle shifters on there and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. Comes with the 8.4 3C radio AMFM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on this radio.  And notice you do get dual climate control. Now this one does not have navigation on it, but you could put nav on this radio for $595. See your sales professional for more details and make sure that that pricing is still accurate. Down here is your dual climate controls. The more tactile, if you like the buttons and knobs and everything, including a volume and tune knob, parking sensors, eco mode, and you can turn your stability control on and off. It does have an AUGS USB and USB-C jack down there, as well as a 12-volt PowerPoint. And then an 8-speed automatic transmission, keyless entry with the remote start. Passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition. No rips or tears on there. Smells very clean inside this vehicle. The headliner is in nice shape. Didn't see any rips or tears in that. You do get home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, map lights, and then 911 and assist buttons in that rear view mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips, no tears back here. They are heated on the outboard side. You do get the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may want to put back here. And these seats go down really nice and flat.  And down here are your controls for your heated seats. Two USBs, another 115-volt, 150-watt plug-in, or the 115-volt, 150-watt plug-in. Factory floor mats back here. And you do get child safety locks on the back doors. The bottoms of the doors look really good. And we will start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. And then this is where your backup camera shows up. I would personally like to thank you for checking out this video today. And hopefully from this HD video, we've been able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 5.7-liter V8 Hemi motor. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this Jeep has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this vehicle is 100% ready to go. And for the age and miles on it, I would highly recommend this vehicle from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this Jeep Grand Cherokee and one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, half-tons, three-quarter-tons, one-tons, Grand Cherokees, Cherokees. You name it, we got it. Go to our website right there, www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com. So I have Summit Auto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second, you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more Jeep Grand Cherokee videos like this in the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And a link to our latest YouTube video in the lower right. Click those, check us out. And we're super excited to be helping with this Ultra Clean 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited two-wheel drive with the Hemi and Brilliant Black Crystal Pearl. Thanks again for checking out the video.


The next team that you like, the Arizona Cardinals, plus 850 to get Julio Jones. Why do you see Arizona taking another top-notch receiver on the other side of DeAndre Hopkins? Well, exactly, Ariel. We're talking about it's only taking a second round pick to get a guy of Julio's caliber. Let's not look too far then when they made the move to get DeAndre Hopkins from the Houston Texans. They're not new to this. They want to win as well, too. And you're looking at the NFC West. This is a tough, tough division there with teams getting better. Obviously, the San Francisco 49ers are one of the other favorites to land Julio's was. They're in win-now mode and they just invested in a top-tier quarterback there earlier on in the draft. So they're ready to win. You got Russell there in Seattle. So the Cardinals definitely need to make a big splash. They do have DeAndre Hopkins, but really when you're looking at the wide receiver course outside of him, there's not much to balk at. And Kyler Murray's on his rookie deal steal. They want to try and win now. They have an aggressive GM. And look at this defense. They're trying to get better, bringing in a guy like JJ Watt, bringing in or getting Chandler Jones back healthy now. I think that him landing here at Arizona is definitely going to put them in the mix. And you're talking about their odds plus 44-100 to win the Super Bowl. I believe, you know, just they're still high odds to win the NFC. So if they get a guy of Julio's caliber, I really do like their chances at success. The Cardinals to win the division could also be intriguing. This is one of the toughest divisions in the West in the NFL. If you get another wide receiver, a number one caliber wide receiver on the other side of DeAndre Hopkins, that would be very dangerous with the quarterback Kyler Murray, maybe even MVP too.


Everybody forced here ripping 21 22 contenders optic basketball hobby 20 bucks full case number two Check these results at late sports cards calm At any time and there's a link in chat. Good luck. Everybody. Let's get started. All right, Kyle Let's get you that. Let's get you that uh, Kade Gold vinyls all around. Jack's what Jake says. Yeah A gold vinyl auto. I wouldn't be picky of anybody. It could be any gold vinyl auto I'd be happy to pull here. I want to pull, you know nice colors for everybody Any auto on the checklist gold vinyl I'm about Yeah, that's the first bronze you pull is the is a gold vinyl All right, let's get these open. Let's do my best to get these open is what I should say you better be What the box is literally came right out sign Sign one gold vinyl per box here we go y'all Come on, Morocco. Let's get that goal Look at that ball. All right Towns red bridges for the Hornets and 75th anniversary deloading tea wolves Magic Jalen Suggs up and coming rookie auto blue Color match 14 of 75 nice hit magic to start sweet shots silver sixers dwelling bead and gold Kings Davion Mitchell hoop dreams Nice gold two out of ten. Good first box Yes, Suggs all over the place last two cases of the day Really good first box there gold rookie insert and a Suggs auto to 75 nice There we go magic is Brian K. Kings is Ryan G. There you go guys 75th anniversary hardened sixers rookie orange Primo spurs 41 to 49 Rockets rookie ticket auto Josh Christopher Not numbered Sweet shots Kyrie Irving Nets and a red ice Playing the numbers game Jalen Brown Celtics Steph 75th anniversary on a nobie Raptors a black Pandora Robert Williams the third for the Celtics Time Lord Black Pandora Time Lord sounds cool Variation Aaron Wiggins rookie ticket auto thunder sweet shots Bradley Beale wizards and a red ice hoop dreams thunder Josh Giddy Non-numbered red ice. We got clay. We got silver John Marant Grizzly's Blue Deer and Fox Kings 11 of 99 Hey, there we go legendary contenders auto orange Larry Bird Celtics awesome vet hit 8 of 25 big bird sweet shot silver Bucks, Yana Santa de Cumpo and Raptors The ice Vince Carter T-Mac legendary Tannins. I love that man red ice non-numbered VC and T-Mac. I'm gonna have to get the shack and penny and that card What is that guy doing? Right? God red Jaren Jackson jr. Grizzly's Black Pandora Kyle Lowry Raptors Here we go again. These are about to a case is what we've seen recently Earlier we they were rarer, but there are two a case not like it says on the checklist Sixers Jane Springer rookie ticket auto LeBron James numbers game Lakers and blue ice Devon Booker Sons 38 of 75 Kuzma silver Lonzo for the Bulls Blue Grizzlies Desmond Bain 60 of 99 Rookie ticket auto Hawks Jalen Johnson nice hit Atlanta not numbered Silver Tray young playing the numbers game Hawks and a red ice uniformity not numbered Nicola Yolkich Nuggets Wife on my back here. So we buy a passage And I rode rides the resistance Can you bet on that? No Yes, so we a bottom-on line if we just let's go. It's like 5 p.m. Yesterday 5 p.m. Really bottom. I just went in the Hollywood studios and There's like a week annual pass. So it's the only had the only they had available silver D. Book Sons Silver go bare jazz And it was down we got there The ride was down and we're like hanging out in the area. I was back open. It's like it's what we got so lucky Jared Butler rookie ticket out of jazz JB It's still virtual queue. Nope. It's not a virtual queue silver Westbrook and Durant legendary tandems for the Thunder that's Jake's favorite song and red ice Halliburton uniformity Pacers You go Pacers This is a fun duo and yeah, dude Jake was like I heard him when he found out he had a top of that I know what you would do to be honest I'm kidding for us. I'm kidding Got a red rookie ticket Corey Kisford wizards not numbered orange Steph Curry. There you go warriors 37 to 49 magic perennial contenders auto Wendell Carter jr. Number 86 799 Greaves mom with a free kick uh warriors hoop dreams johnny the comminga And red ice LeBron and anthony davis pick and roll lakers Let's keep going here John Collins silver herbert jones pelicans orange herbert jones pelicans 20 of 49 Or tremor for the third excuse me tremor for the third There you go nice card pelicans orange perennial contenders auto jaren jackson jr. Number two of 25 grizzlies lottery tickets rockets jalen green and a red ice uniformity lukidoncich mavericks not numbered KPJ red for their rockets a printing plate What was one of the one one of the why that pack felt weird Is uh clay Thompson one of one for the warriors Denver Zeke Najee sophomore ticket auto or sophomore contenders auto to 149 Kate Cunningham uniformity silver for the pistons red ice go bare jazz Numbers game. All right halfway through Silver uh, no that's silver but 75th anniversary out print shengun rockets rookie d'angelo russell silver teawolves Legendary contenders auto tony parker spurs Or someone said earlier tp the Parisian torpedo the Parisian torpedo to 149 Lebron and davis pick and roll lakers And blue ice numbers game jalen green rockets one of 75 on the jalen green Almost jersey number almost zero of 75. We gotta start making zero of 75 jersey number parallels Got to donovitch red erin gordon for the uh nuggets 75th anniversary yokich nuggets John collins hawks perennial contenders auto Numbered six out of 25.  It's pretty solid And the jackass boxes there was zero of zero because by zero pool Yeah, they have zero of zeros and they're like one of ones. Yeah. Yeah, they're bigger than one of ones in that product I would assume red christianwood rockets blue garland cavaliers 98 of 99 Cameron thomas ricky ticket auto red with A piece of glue. Can you see if that comes off with the microfiber 299? Nets we're gonna see if that comes off next to the optic logo there It could be a piece of glue stuck. I'm not gonna use my hand, obviously We'll see we'll see number's game kevin durant nets Red hoop dreams. Jeremiah robinson earl thunder. Thank you thunder non numbered That came off of the thomas. Let's see it again in the recap. It looks it looks all right Whatever that was piece of something go bear got red zion for the pelicans silver carter jr magic Orange rookie ticket auto jazz jared butler number three out of 25 And there is a ding in the top right of this card right under where it says jazz It's like a thumbnail dent I'll send a box and wrapper out to the jazz spot here silver hoop dreams kaminga warriors And a red ice lottery tickets josh giddy thunder We go thunder. All right got murray red james harden sixers silver zion williamson pelicans Jazz carl mullone on the throwback auto here blue number three of 25 hoop dreams bones highland nuggets And a red ice sweet shots nets kevin durant silver middleton for the bucks red chai gillis alexander thunder Heat tim hardaway legendary contenders auto Number two 149 All-star aspirations pacers paul george is a pacers card And blue ice numbers game luka donchich mavericks 30 of 75 Go mavs nice numbered insert there And four left Get your spots for tonight everybody sam's got group breaks and personals. He's live in a little over an hour from now Finish up here do a recap and get out of his way All right, you got red erin gordon nuggets silver draymond green warriors Orange miles Mcbride ricky ticket auto color match with the nicks Nice card 24 of 25 go nicks sweet shots silver luka donchich mavericks sweet shots And a katie cunningham blue ice lottery tickets pistons numbered 33 of 75 nice card pistons sweet I was doing some sweet shots at epcot Oh And when I got out I went back Yeah, they're like, all right, let's shop with the warning red rude to go bare jazz. I promise I'll do it again silver josh christopher rookie rockets kade cunningham rookie ticket auto blue eight of 35 That's gigantic There it is kyle Kyle was asking I'd say that's the biggest hit of the day that we pulled here too Yeah, jake is that crazy Jake's gonna be breaking Jake's gonna be top loading every wednesday now. Yeah, I would say this is the biggest car we pulled today There's some others that are pretty close, but that yeah, I'd say that one uniformity silver lamella ball hornets Although I don't know what his sales look like since the injury, but Long term right he's fine blue ice superstar lamella ball for the hornets here 40 of 75 Yeah, there's some other really low numbered ones. I'm not saying it's outright the best. I think that one's the best though That's the lowest number big name that we've hit. I'll say Yeah, man, don't forget to get insurance on that one And that goes for anybody that's getting like nice nice hits out of any break We have shipping insurance on the shite the shite. That's how you say the s word in a You know what england and like an english accent. I shouldn't say that again. Uh calves silver rookie evan mobly A red lamella ball hornets season ticket the site Carl anthony towns perennial contenders auto for the tea wolves Number 59 of 99. Yeah, if I was an old irish man, that's how I would say it Or any or any Irish person. Uh, Chicago's alexander josh giddy pick and roll thunder And red ice uniformity or not uniformity, but lottery tickets commingo warriors France about to score again here Maybe not like right here, but they're gonna score again God imbappe. There it is I literally said it was gonna happen. There it is The move by imbappe here is absolutely insane. Oh, yeah, I'm just saying site of Sean Connery It's on the shite Binder the group breaks on the shite. Yep. That's it right there Uh, silver jalen green rockets green. Oh no blue. Robert Williams the third. It's a 99 time lord for the seas Look at donchage veteran ticket auto blue man 18 of 25 On card donchage. Let's go What a hit. Oh my goodness Brian f with dallas To 25 on card blue color match. Let's go. My god. Congrats On that one Brian f silver uniformity jalen green Rockets and a red ice numbers game non numbered mobley cavaliers Who's the player behind him? Is that uh That's jordan clarkson. Isn't it that's jordan clarkson I'm pretty sure that's jordan clarkson, right Fantasy mvp right now jordan clarkson by the way from where I drafted him to what he's doing. Yeah That's my fantasy basketball mvp He's like six or seventh round and he's a mouse Wow moani with his first international goal in the world cup semi-final and his fourth appearance.  All right, we've got hawks jalen johnson springer for the sixers josh christopher rockets uh thunder erin wiggins jared butler jazz 20 parker spurs to 149 tim hardaway heat to 149 Zeke naiji denver also to 149 when old carter jr. Let me guess to 99 for the magic carl anthony towns to 99 tea wolves cameron thomas nets to 99 carl malone jazz to 25 jaren jackson jr. Grizzlies to 25 john collins hawks to 25 jared butler jazz to 25 miles of pride nicks to 25 Outside of the big hits is actually even a pretty solid case outside of the big big hits To be up and coming rookie auto magic blue jalen sucks Numbered to 75. There you go magic bird legendary contender selts To 25 nice card there And we had two big big cards, man Cade conningham rookie ticket auto pistons blue numbered eight of 35 And luka donchich veteran ticket blue for the mavericks Third or 18 of 25 That's going to do it. Thanks everybody


I think I'm not okay. Am I audible now for those of you who are online? I guess I am so I'll just go ahead Yeah, and if there's some problem with the audio, please let me know in the chat So we'll get started We'll be looking at Hosea today and also Joel so Hosea was Prophet Hosea mainly wrote to the Northern Kingdom All right, so we have some other prophets also who specifically ministered to the Northern Kingdom Amos would be another person Who ministered to the Northern Kingdom? However, Amos actually was from the south and God sends him to the north to prophesy over there Hosea on the other hand was someone living in not in the Northern Kingdom itself and he makes his prophecies over there now he was alive and in this tree right up to the time that the Assyrians came and Defeated the Northern Kingdom. So Most probably he was among the people who managed to escape when the Assyrians attacked And he was able to escape and come to the Southern Kingdom Okay, so those of you who have but still not gotten into the class mode, please concentrate get focused And next time onwards, maybe you could actually come a few two minutes before 11 so that you know, you don't take time to settle down Okay Yeah, so Hosea was around at the same time as Amos and both of them were ministering in the Northern Kingdom and Around halfway through his ministry is when Isaiah and Micah begin their ministries So he had a lot of contemporaries So along with Hosea, you also had Amos and Isaiah and Micah all of the ministering around the same time period Now in his prophecies, he uses a lot of agricultural terms and that probably is because of his, you know agricultural background because he was a farmer Mainly the main focus Hosea is the spiritual adultery of Israel and God speaks about how he has loved Israel and he has remained faithful to them But on the other hand Israel has not, you know returned that same commitment and Israel has always been engaged in spiritual adultery. So that's the main Message which comes across in the book of Hosea and how were they indulging in spiritual adultery? Mainly through their indulgence in idol worship. So they were very strongly into idol worship and also There was a lot of injustice going on the poor were being, you know, taken advantage of a lot of crooked Things were going on in the kingdom and there was no justice. So these are the defects These are the sinful acts against which Hosea prophesies So Almost all commentaries will give you may only two main Sections for this book chapters one to three talk about the faithful husband and the adulterous wife Hosea being the faithful husband who remains faithful even though Gomer his wife Goes into adultery and she is unfaithful So chapters one to three talk about the faithful husband and the adulterous wife chapters four to fourteen on the other hand talk about the faithful Lord and adulterous Israel. So we have a Parallel drawn between Hosea's personal life and God's personal life you could say so we see the faithfulness of Hosea and the Lord and The unfaithfulness of Gomer and the nation of Israel So it was somewhere around the end of Jeroboam the second rain that Hosea begins his ministry So Jeroboam the second was one of the most powerful kings of the northern kingdom During his time there was a lot of military success. They won many battles They managed to collect a lot of booty from all these Nations that they went and attacked. So they were in a very good position financially They were respected by other nations around them for their military power So everything was going excellently well during the time of Jeroboam the second Even though he was not following the Lord even though he was not faithful to God We see that things were going rather well for them as a nation But when it came to spiritual matters, they were in a very very pathetic and bad state So it is around that time that Hosea begins to prophesy and he says, you know, even now It's not too late come back to the Lord be faithful to him Be a faithful wife to the Lord if you will do that then Lord the Lord will not bring judgment upon you But the people did not take him very seriously because all around them. They are seeing prosperity They are seeing peace because they're having victory in all of their battles. So they don't take Hosea seriously They think what is there even though we are being unfaithful God is kind in blessing us. So nothing bad will happen to us That is the impression under which these people were living So even though he says God is giving you a chance come back to the Lord They refuse to do that Just for us to know a little bit about You know Gomer Or at least whatever is little bit is mentioned about her in the you know in in the book of Hosea We would see little background about her in Hosea chapter 1 versus 2 and 3 So if someone could read out Hosea 1 It's interesting to note the command that God gives over here He says very specifically to Hosea Go marry a promiscuous woman a woman who is living in immorality He very specifically says now don't go and marry a normal person But go and marry a promiscuous woman a woman who is living a immoral lifestyle Why because she is going to represent this land that he says this land is guilty of Unfaithfulness to the Lord. So in the same way this land is being unfaithful this lady too in her character She is unfaithful in her ways. She does not respect the Lord. She does not follow the Lord So go and marry such a person. So Hosea has given this very difficult commandment so that he can literally act out In his own life what the people are doing to the Lord. Okay, so So from the beginning itself Gomer was not very good in her Character and then we see that they get married and they have three children So I'm not sure how many years Gomer continue to stay with Hosea We do not know how old the children were when she finally leaves because she leaves and goes away to another man and Again no details are given But it looks like that for some reason that other person seems to have discarded her you know gets rid of her after a while get probably gets tired of her and Then we do not know what happens Because it looks like either she goes to other people looking for shelter after this man, you know leaves her or Immediately after that she's in such a poor condition that she has to go to the slave market and sell herself We're not really sure of all the circumstances involved. So it was either just one Person that she goes to and lives with and then he leaves her or after that she goes to a number of different men You know and they in turn each of them abandon her after using her for a while So we don't really know how many years this whole thing, you know How how many months this whole thing takes but at the end of it. She is left completely penniless She has absolutely no money No way of supporting herself because if you know remember in the culture of those times women could not Work independently and earn a livelihood They were either dependent on a father or they would be dependent on a husband or a son On their own. They had no financial status. So she would need somebody to look after her So she probably went from man to man looking for you know Shelter looking for support and finally the situation is so bad that she ends up in the slave market Where now she would have to sell herself, you know and be a laborer in someone's field and They would give her the food that she needs every day every day, you know to live So she's reduced to that condition and it is at this particular point of time that the Lord tells Hosea to buy her back so which is why Hosea goes over there to the slave market to purchase her and We see the details of that in chapter 3 versus 1 to 3 Someone could read out Hosea 3 1 to 3. So it's a very lovely passage we see here that The Lord says over here, you know Love her as the Lord loves the Israelites though they turn to other gods and love the sacred raisin cakes, you know, they love all the Pagan festivals they like all those ceremonies and rituals which take place in those temples Those are the things which attract them. Those are the things which they love in their heart and God who is loving them. They don't care about that. So that is their attitude And so God says even though the Israelites are like that They love those, you know those raisin cakes which they offer over there in the temple. They prefer that to me So even though they are like that, I have still chosen to love them So in the same way, you too must go back and love your wife Even though she seems to be you know chasing after other persons other men is what the the Lord says and in obedience Hosea goes over there to purchase her and it says that he Gives 15 shekels of silver and that amount of silver which he gives is not enough to cover the Amount because I think probably buying a person is more expensive than just buying an you know, I Don't know a bullock or a goat or something. So The rate was probably high. So he gives 15 shekels of silver and it's he doesn't have anything more Then he he has Bali. So he sells whatever Bali is there to make up for the balance So we see here a man who cannot really afford Buying back this adulterous woman, but he you know goes to that effort He gives up all the silver that he has and then the rest of it he pays in the form of you know grain because he has no more silver left in his pockets and This is beautiful picture which comes out of God who was willing to do the same He was willing to give up his all he was willing to give up his son Was willing to give up everything for the sake of adulterous human beings who are not even faithful to the Lord So we see a very beautiful picture being brought out over here and also look at the way You know Hosea speaks to her after bringing her back You know, he says you are to live with me many days He's not thinking of you know, you know throwing her out after a while if she doesn't really behave You know, he's not he's willing to keep her there for years many many many years He says, you know what we have a long life ahead of us So you're going to be with me for many days. He has absolutely no intention of you know, throwing her out And so he says I will behave he says, you know, you must not be a prostitute And or be intimate with any man and I will behave the same way toward you So he's you know renewing the covenant and saying in spite of all that you have done I'm you know, let's leave that behind us and I will choose to be completely faithful to you And I'm requesting you to do the same for me. So that is exactly the offer that God was making to Israel at this particular point of time And the Lord was saying to them technically, you know, in spite of all that you have done in the past Even now it is not too late. I will be faithful to you if you will choose to be faithful to me So this is an offer that the Lord is making to the people of Israel But then of course, you know, they reject that offer So we see that Hosea has three children and all of them are given names Which symbolize the judgment which God wants to bring upon the people So all of them are given significant names When we look at chapter one versus six to 11 We see the second two children being named. So the second child that Gomer has is a daughter Of course, all of these things take place before she leaves him and goes away But then at that time itself I'm on the Lord and I was preparing The judgment which is going to come upon upon the northern kingdom and so we have Gomer over here who's giving birth to a daughter in verse six chapter one verse six And this is the name which is given to her. She is called low Ruhama, which basically means not loved It's a very shocking thing to name a child. The little baby is born You're holding this little baby in your hands and you're naming that baby not loved You know, so this does not mean that Hosea and Gomer did not love their child They did but they were expressing God's judgment against Israel and God was declaring and saying this nation that I have brought up with so much love They have rejected me and so now I will declare that they are no longer loved As in and you know, I'm going to bring judgment upon them. I'm not going to say them anymore No more grace is going to be extended towards them. I am going to judge them. So he says Um In verse six, then the Lord said to Hosea call her low Ruhama, which means not loved for I will no longer show love to Israel that I should At all forgive them And in the very next verse he says yet I will show love to Judah and I will save them. Okay, so Even though the northern kingdom is going to be brought under judgment He says at least a part of the people I will spare At least the people of Judah I will spare because his love is so great And he cannot just ignore the love that he feels towards his people Okay, so even though there are words of judgment spoken There are also words of love spoken along with it Which clearly shows that that God never really wanted to judge at all That is simply not his desire. It's the people who forced him into that position You know where he had to bring judgment upon them. So moving to verse eight Yeah, um verse nine You know, it's this is regarding the third child who was born And this is a boy and then the Lord said call him low Ammi Which means not my people So all along God always said my people. They are my people and now God says not my people So, uh, both of these names are very powerful very strong and There's no way that Israel can ignore what is being done Because you see those little kids each time they're going to be running around and they know in the playground playing over there Everyone is going to look at them and know their names and what their names stand for and they're going to be aware of the fact That God is speaking judgment. Okay, so Um, these are the names given to them and again over here Even in this case the Lord says then the Lord said call him low Ammi Which means not my people for you are not my people and I am not your God And then in the very next verse he says yet The Israelites will be like the sand on the seashore Which cannot be measured or counted in the place where it was said to them. You are not my people They will be called children of the living God So, um, and then in verse 11 it goes on to say the people of Judah and the people of israel will come together They will appoint one leader and will come up out of the land for great will be the day of Jezreel, okay So even though he speaks strong words of judgment against them There's always hope attached to that restoration attached to that and so he says even though right now I have declared that they're not my people a day will come When both israel the northern kingdom and the southern kingdom will again be reunited They will come under one leader and then they will walk out in battle to jezreel and jez on that day Great will be the victory which will you know take place in jezreel? So let that brings us to the name of the first child, you know the first Son who is born If we go back in our chapter 1 to verses 4 and 5 the first child is given the name of Jezreel now this word jezreel was actually meant to be a very positive term of blessing Not a negative word because that word jezreel that term jezreel basically means God will so you know it's like when you're sowing seeds So it basically is supposed to mean God will so and it was actually supposed to have a very positive meaning Why because there was this valley in the land of israel called the valley of jezreel And that valley was so rich and prosperous and green and you know filled with all kinds of goodness That people named it jezreel meaning God has sown blessings in this valley God has caused this valley to prosper God has you know filled this valley with his With his bountifulness so it was meant to have a very positive meaning of God sowing blessings But what happened in that valley later in the centuries which came after the people began to use that valley as a place of warfare and bloodshed and violence Which is what we see happening, you know right from the time of ahab lot of violence and bloodshed happens over there in that particular valley And so the Lord says Um, so now God gives this valley a different meaning God will no longer be sowing blessings But he is going to be sowing judgment So rather than blessings and prosperity is going to sow judgment because of the way the people have chosen to Uh, you know go against his uh principles So which is why the Lord says in um chapter one versus four to five Then the Lord said to him name him jezreel for in a little while I will bring the bloodshed of jezreel on the house of jehu And put an end to the kingdom of the house of israel On that day, I will break the bow of israel in the valley of jezreel So what was supposed to be a place of blessing would turn into a place of judgment and here you have some specific reference to Some named jehu and it also talks about the bloodshed of jezreel So just for us to get a bit of clarity regarding this whole issue If you remember when we were doing, um Don't remember whether it was kings or chronicles, but I do remember us covering this particular story where um jehu is Commanded by God God says if you are willing to bring judgment upon ahab's family then I will make you the next king So jehu is very very happy with that and he says yes, I will go ahead and so he go He kills the northern king who is a descendant of ahab He kills the southern king who is also a descendant of ahab then he goes to jezrebel.  So he does all these things and now After all of these things have taken place and um His descendants jehu's descendants should have understood the moral of the story that god will not tolerate wickedness that god will punish wickedness They should have understood at least that much because of what jehu did But they continue to live the way ahab and his family lived. So which is why here god says You know the judgment which jehu brought upon the house of ahab That same judgment will now come upon the house of jehu himself because his descendants have not bothered to learn the lesson That god will punish wickedness. He will punish Uh evil and bloodshed. So why is this judgment spoken upon them? It's because after jeroboam the second you have another six kings who are left in that lineage And of those six kings four of them are murderers Four of them come to the throne after murdering the person who was sitting on the throne So four of them come to the throne by murdering someone else That's the kind of greed for power. That's the kind of violence that is going on in that place And which is why it says in hosiah chapter four verse two if someone could read out hosiah four two Okay, they break all bounds and bloodshed follows bloodshed one assassination after another That's the way these people were living and that's the way they showed their gratitude for this valley of jezreel Which god had, you know, be so beautifully sown with prosperity And so god turns into a place of judgment Okay, so these are some of the main lessons that we see from the book of hosiah And so this is one last chance that is being given to the people To turn from their ways to come back and be faithful, but in spite of the Object lesson which hosiah and his wife are enacting for the people The people choose to ignore the message and they do not come back to the lord so Coming to the book of joel Now joel on the other hand was written specifically to the southern kingdom to the people of juda So while hosiah was addressed to the to northern israel joel is addressed to southern juda okay, so Now joel and amos are the earliest prophets because they give their prophecies long before Either the northern kingdom or the other southern kingdom had fallen. Okay, so they are like one of the earliest prophets joel and amos so joel he is giving his prophecies much earlier and he uses the image of a plague of locusts to talk about the judgment which will come so The book of joel is mainly known for that whole grasshopper story. Okay, so Not sure why but it that and that book became very popular for that particular image. Um, you know Uh Long time ago, I remember looking at some article on the internet and they had given a Had given a small picture for each book of the bible So I remember for the book of ruth they had put, you know A sheaf of cons because she was working in the fields and gathering corn For joel now, of course, you can guess what picture they put they put a whale So over here for the book of joel, I remember they had put a grasshopper a locust Okay, because uh, uh, this book is mainly popular for that particular prophecy So in chapter one you have joel giving A prophecy of the of the judgment which god is going to bring and he uses the image of a plague of locusts And then chapters two to three. Um, you know god is offering Um A chance for the people to come back So he says if they repent and return then he will forgive them and so in chapter Maybe we could read chapter two 12 to 13. Yes, if someone could read joel to 12 to 30 Okay, so here the lord is saying even now you can repent and turn back And what kind of a repentance is god asking for it says rend your heart and not your garments Outward show is very easy Very easy to know to tear your robe and put on sackcloth and put some ash on your head and say Oh, we are so sorry your lord for the dirt remains inside that rebellious attitude continues inside That is of no use. So god says rather than rending your robes rend your heart inside and Genuinely repent of your ways and he says if you do that, you know, um, the lord who is Compassionate slow to anger. He will you know restore you So again an offer is made to these people and uh, they refuse to you know accept it So there are different images of judgment which uh, joel uses one, of course, is the grasshopper thing He also uses other images. Maybe we could look at a couple of verses Um, so in chapter one, we will of course look at the main one, which is popular for some reason Chapter one versus three and four Okay, that is one word of judgment and then uh, if you can also read out verses six and seven Yeah, yeah, that should be enough So we see that in all of these images which I used The main picture that's coming across is complete destruction Where nothing is going to be left the destruction is going to be so bad that there's nothing left And in fact, we see that happening right where finally once Jerusalem falls the temple is Broken and destroyed the walls are of the city are completely destroyed The people who are living over there are all taken away That place is literally left with nothing. So what god says actually does happen So why are these images being used?  You know, except for the ribs and you just have some bones over there They literally eat because i'm in uh, at least that's what national geographic teachers It says that they get to eat only once in three or four days So like they're really hungry. So they literally wipe out everything And when the hyenas come along, I think they just lick at whatever is little little bit is left So these invaders are going to have teeth like the teeth of a lion They tear it apart till nothing is left. Okay, that's the imagery that is used And then coming to this other very popular imagery of the locusts It talks about four different kinds of locusts. Um, now of course different translations, you know Different English versions will use different wording for it So I have used the um, you know, I have you know, what I have noted down over here is the hall man I know version HOL MA and all of these you would find on bible gateway, you know Bible gateway has got almost every single version that you can think of so, um It talks about the devouring locust the swarming locust the young locust and destroying locust um So a lot of scholars have, um, you know Given a lot of thought to this particular imagery Some of them will say that an actual Horde of An actual swarm of locusts came and attacked the land is one interpretation Other people say no no no, no actual locusts came to that land It's just that the Babylonians are being described as a bunch of locusts who will come and attack And there's a third interpretation Which says the locusts are being used as images for all the things that will be done to Um to Jerusalem over a long period of time So there are three main interpretations one is that actually literal physical locusts came and ate up the vegetation over there the second Um interpretation is that the Babylonians are described like a bunch of locusts and the third interpretation is that The locusts actually are talking about all the future events which will take place in the land of You know Judah. So these are the three interpretations um I don't know. I kind of like the third interpretation Because there are commentaries which talk about how each of these Locusts, you know the four categories They seem to be describing the four main empires which came and took over the land of Judah and That explanation makes quite a lot of sense. Okay, so we'll just quickly look at this third interpretation Um, but of course, you know, you're welcome to choose whichever interpretation you feel is best But let us look at what they have to say regarding how these four types of locusts which come in four stages are uh destroying Judah in different ways So the first one Some versions will call it devouring locust. Some will call it chewing locust The actual word used over there is chewing.  It looks like a thick cloud You don't even realize that they are the little creatures They move in huge billions of them moving and once they come and settle down in a particular place Every single green thing available over there.  They will not leave anything So they literally chew everything inside the devourer So they you know, there are different words used some call it devouring locust Some people call it chewing locust So the Babylonians did that when they came They destroyed Jerusalem completely destroyed its walls destroyed the temple took away all the treasures which were there in the temple Took away the people who were there. They were like a They were like the chewing devouring locusts Okay, then which was the next kingdom which came along those were the meads and the persians The meads and the persians and for this I think almost all the English versions use the same word. They use the word swarming locust The word swarm means literally go together in fact and covering covering The the entire ground And when you look at this youtube videos, you see not even one little bit of space is left on the ground You know, they they they they they focus the camera on the ground and you can see that every bit of brown Earth is covered with them. You can't it's like a carpet moving carpet and you can't even see So The meads and persians were like that if you notice it was their kingdom which you know extended Over a large territory For instance, this man who married, you know ester zeres His kingdom extended all the way from where from southern egypt Right up to the indus valley in pakistan. That was the extent of his thing So they literally swarmed the earth they covered every every bit of the face of the earth Or at least the loot, you know, what was known as the historically known world at that time They were not very aware of some of the other continents. So Uh, so they were like the swarming locusts And then which empire came after that you would have the greek empire which comes and They are described as the you know in some versions it will it will call them hopper hopper locust Some will say creeping locust some will say crawling locust because this is talking about the locusts which come out of the egg And for the first, I think two months three months Not particularly sure. I don't remember my My youtube video, but for some number of months, they don't you know, they don't develop wings So they can only hop around on the ground And so they they literally creep and crawl into every little bit of gap every little hole in the in the ground they will They they they keep hopping around and crawling around and spreading out to all of the Territory around them. Okay till they till they develop their wings So the greek empire was like that in the sense it was able to creep into every one of the other cultures and take over greek culture It influenced even the israelite culture It influenced every the near the culture of every nation So that finally when the romans came along the romans, what culture did they have they had greek culture? Okay, so they were such powerful influence and they crept into every Area of culture and society and the way things were done even science also They had a lot of influence over that So they are probably compared to the creeping crawling or the hopper Locusts and of course the fourth one is the roman empire They're they're similar to the first one because they are they are called the destroying locust Or the stripping locust Because they are the ones who completely you know destroyed Jerusalem and the temple once again a second time so So these are the this they they say that you know We can compare these four categories of locusts to the four empires which came and took over So god was kind of you know giving a long-term judgment talking about What are the different ways in which this kingdom would be attacked? Okay, so I thought maybe then that's another thing that we could look at in the book of joel It doesn't have to do with any grasshoppers or locusts, but it it is something important something useful So if we could have someone read out joel chapter three Versus nine to eleven Yeah, what do you um, you know, what would you have to say about this passage which you read out If you were listening and concentrating when you were reading it Well, well, is there something mentioned here which is like little different from what you generally hear Is there anything mentioned here in this passage which is kind of different from what you generally hear in sermons and you know in popular teachings I'm specifically talking about verse 10 Yeah, over here. They're being asked to turn their agricultural Um instruments into weapons of war Generally, what do we hear in the sermons? The reverse where you're commanded to turn the Instruments of war into agricultural implements because you won't they won't be war anymore. This would be peace Which is correct Is joel correct or is the other bible passage correct that actually would be your isiah chapter two versus three to five So and and the same thing in fact is repeated again in mica chapter four Verse three. So let's look at that as well um And then, you know, we can compare the two isiah chapter two versus three to five if you could read out Isiah two three to five Okay, so in the joel passage you have a commandment saying come again over here in the isiah passage You have a commandment saying come but then there are two different things in joel chapter three was 11 It says to the nations what is speaking to the nations and he says come quickly all your nations from every side and assemble there Okay, in the isiah passage again, there's a commandment to come But over here the command is being given to the descendants of jacob and it says come descendants of jacob Let us walk in the light of the lord. So in the first passage the joel passage. It's talking about um God telling the nations to take all their agricultural Instruments and turn them into weapons of war because a lot of war is going to come a big battle is going to happen In fact, he commands and he says, uh, you know in verse 11 come quickly all your nations from every side and assemble there because you know, you have all been talking and grumbling against me So come actually come with your weapons come with your war, you know with your warfare You know equipment come and gather over there. Let's fight Okay, so god is saying is encouraging and saying come let us have a big battle On the other hand in your isiah passage It's like as if all the battles and all the wars are already finished And so now god is saying peace has been established Everyone can now peacefully go to the mountain of the lord and celebrate over there worship over there You won't be needing any more weapons of war because the war is finally finished The victory has been established and so now there won't be any need for your swords So you can take your swords and turn them into agricultural implements So it basically said that joel chapter three verse 10 is talking about the um You know the wars which will take place during the seven years of tribulation Especially the battle of armor get done where all the nations will gather together They will come there with their weapons of war because they want to fight god Because they actually believe that they can win a battle against god Okay, so they see the 12th chapter three verse 10 is probably talking about those seven years of tribulation When the whole world will want to wage a war against god They will want to express their ability against him On the other hand isiah chapter two four and mica four three are talking about the millennium period Which will come after the battle of armor get done at that time when peace is established And there is no more warfare that you need to worry about at that time You know even Satan is removed from the earth at that time So at that time you would be world peace and you would not need any kind of weapons anymore okay, so um That is the kind of message which is being brought out over here So joe is talking about the first phase and isiah talks about the next phase when there would be no more war left Ah, these are just some things that I could touch upon. Um Of course, there will always be other extra things, but then of course, we don't have time Anyone wants to ask any doubts questions? Um The question asked over here is about the children of posea how they would have felt having names You know which say not loved not my people Uh, so I think posea and gourmet would have told them what god said in the next verse You know, there's always uh restoration attached and of course, they would be told that they're ambassadors carrying a word of judgment It's not that it's been the the names are not direct being directed at them But they're going to be carrying those names as Ambassadors who are declaring to the to the entire nation what god is going to do So in a way they can feel very, you know Happy about the special status and privilege which they have been given because the average kid is not going to be proclaiming any judgment But these kids are going to be wherever they go. They're going to be carrying that word of judgment along with them So there's a positive side to it. I'm sure those kids were not traumatized I I think things worked out all right for them Anything else Any other questions? Okay, we'll close with the word of prayer Lord, we just thank you so much for uh, the lessons that you teach us from your word during every single class thank you a lot that your word is filled With things which we can take and apply to ourselves and be encouraged by so we thank you lord for Hosea, thank you for his faithfulness in choosing to to to be used by you to give an object lesson to the people and lord, I thank you for that That those words of hope and restoration which you spoke Even though you were speaking words of judgment So we thank you lord that you are a god who is slow to anger And full of compassion and lord so therefore help us not to be foolish like the people of israel Help us not to be stubborn like the people of juda But to take hold of this beautiful grace and compassion that you're offering us and to genuinely change our ways Help us a lot to stop the outward show of rending our garments and lord instead Really a lot in private in down on our knees in front of you Help us to rend our hearts and really make a new commitment to you. Oh lord So that we can enjoy the blessings which you have for us Because so lord you want to be a god who wants to sow peace and prosperity into our lives Not a god who wishes to sow judgment into our lives So lord help us to remember these lessons and help us a lord to apply these things in our own lives Thank you lord in jesus name. Amen Thank you so much for paying attention. Those of you who are here and also those of you who are online. Thank you


When we define ourselves through discourse or language use in particular COP or multiple COP, the next question before us is, how that meaning is strengthened? How that meaning is supported or reproduced or reinforced? This module will explain this point. Individual and social categories are reproduced by choosing different vocabulary and different accents or pronunciations. So this is what we mean by language use that we have repeatedly used in the previous modules. Now we are opening up this relationship of language use with our social identity, social cells. It is a routine of speakers, language users that language users make a range of choices. They choose different words and different accents according to where they are talking, with whom they are talking, at what time they are talking, etc. But the static use is significant. We can opt for different styles of talking, a range of talking according to the context of talk. But that use of talk matters a lot where we show our purpose preference and that we do more than average. This strategic use is significant. How? Labels are used to divide and rewrite. Because when we use particular words, particular labels, particular vocabulary, there is some strategy behind that. That strategy or intention is that we want to use these labels and words to divide people and to divide them. When we divide, we associate these labels, certain meanings and on the basis of those meanings, we divide them, we ridicule them, we make fun of them, a certain sex and class. On the basis of these labels, we divide people into classes and we divide them into males and females on the basis of these labels, males and females of particular kind. People of different classes, but people of different kinds. So this is done through vocabulary. The choice of words attracts specific connotations, social meanings. These meanings are not word meaning. These meanings are associated with the words by society, by social uses. That's why we call them connotations or social meanings. They are additional meaning of a word.  For example, meanings are like this. Anti-D, Druggy, Hippie, Pony, Rigid, Snob, School, Conservative are P&U in our own Punjabi language. These meanings are reproduced. They are repeated over time. They come in use again and again. This is what we mean by reproduced. We mean micro-social activities, person-to-person level activities, person-to-person level interactions. The meanings and labels of the powerful class or powerful gender, usually in some societies, males are regarded more powerful than women. Now the labels and the meanings associated with those labels, if they are introduced by powerful people, they create the power difference in the COP. We cannot control these meanings, but we should take care of their consequences. We can control their ill effects, but we should control their consequences. Means, are we willing to accept the implied changes in society or not? Because how do we reach such a higher level just by use of certain words and labels and their meanings? Actually, when these labels get meaning and people are judged and assessed according to those labels, they are regarded as rigid fanatics, liberals, etc. What happens? The COP sees differences among people, divisions among people. And one COP is like other such COPs. These differences are found everywhere. Now COPs together form institutions and institutions together form social society. The process triggers from individual activities in COPs leads up to the larger levels of society. And when it reaches up towards the society, it can bring with it certain ideological changes. It can change thinking of the people. It can change ideas of the people. So we should allow people to give labels, to attach them with social meanings they like. This can't be stopped. This is part of social practice. But we should at least give attention to the consequences, the reserves of such labeling and social meaning. Pronunciation. This is also part of language use. Through difference in pronunciation, we introduce different accents. They are also used to maintain social class and gender differences. Working class leads in sound changes and especially young females. The innovations in pronunciations and sound changes, they are done mostly. This is result of a research that was conducted in US that usually pronunciations changes are started from working class females. And then they gradually creep into middle class and then to the upper class. Middle and upper class, they don't accept these changes easily to keep working class at a distance. So working class females, they are associated with sound or pronunciation changes. See how pronunciation changes are linked in this way with a particular gender and particular class. These changes are given meanings such as presence or absence of loyalty to class and identity. These are not simple associations between accent and gender or accent or class. Now, it is associated with social ideas like the person is loyal to the class or not. The person is committed to the identity of his or her class. Words and sounds, they change and these changes have no direct link with gender and class separately. From this previous point, we have noted that accent changes directly affect both gender and class. They don't exclusively affect gender or exclusively affect the class, social class. They affect both. However, such choices have strategic meaning only when we see gender and class together and then we relate accent changes with them. For example, there was a study in America in which it was noted that a social category that they called in the research Jots, they used pronunciation like cuff as cow and butt as bot. Cuff as cot and butt as bot and there was an other social category. They used to pronounce words like file as foil and line as loin. From these pronunciations, the researchers concluded that the first pronunciation that is concerned with Jots is social category. Actually, this pronunciation has nothing to do with only social class or category. It is an issue of identity. Jots don't want to become like others. They want to keep their identity. Similarly, in the second case where the pronunciation is like file and foil and line and loin, this pronunciation is related with females. But which females? This is not directly linked with gender. As we have said earlier, females of working class, they introduce changes in pronunciation. So definitely this is not related only with gender. With gender class identity is also associated. That's why the researchers conclude and we conclude at the end of this module that the language use is not exclusively linked with gender, are separately linked with sex, are separately linked with social class. It is linked with both via identity.


Thank you. I've got some bad news. The bad news is, I'm not be giving this talk in Portuguese. But of course, that's also the good news. Because I only know three words in Portuguese. To do Ben, I'm sure I destroyed that. Obrigado e juntos. Wouldn't make a good speech if I had to do all three. So, this is my fourth time in Brazil. And we've traveled all over the country and visited a lot of different places. And when you travel around Brazil, what you discover is that the people are amazing. I mean, the friendliest people in the world. They seem to be hard-working. There is a energy, a vibrancy, a certain, you know, sense of joy in the air. It's a beautiful country. It's a big country. It has massive amounts of natural resources. So, the question, the question that has to come to anybody's mind who travels around Brazil is, why are you so poor? Because you're pretty poor. Why? You have great people. You have natural resources. Pneumoxys will tell you that's all it takes.  Even as poor as Brazil is, wow, by historical standards, you're super rich. So, what happened that made that go up like that? What is it that changed suddenly in human history? That made us suddenly rich after 10,000 years of being, or 100,000 years, or however you want to calculate it, of being doot poor. When did this happen? What happened sometime in the late 18th century? Anybody know what that era is called? What the era before the 19th century is called as an intellectual era? The age of what? The age of enlightenment, or the age of reason. This is an era in which we discovered something really, really, really important. We rediscovered it, if you will. People ask me, where does western civilization come from? And I know I'm going to say something controversial, but it doesn't come from the Judeo-Christian tradition. It comes from Greece. Because what we discovered in the 18th century was a principle Aristotle knew way back then. And the principle is that we know about the world. We discover truth in the world by using what? By using our mind. By using reason. By thinking, thinking, thinking. By observing, figuring stuff out, integrating. We know it by using our minds. The great scientist taught us that of the scientific revolution, where there was Newton or the other scientists of the 18th century. And then the philosophers picked up on that and they said, yes, human beings, what makes us special, what makes us different is not thumbs.  It's our mind. It's our capacity to reason. Think and therefore communicate. Plan. Strategize. Anybody here have the gene for hunting? Agriculture? Anybody just know how to do it? Alright, we have one. I'm going to drop you in the middle of the Amazon and we'll see. No one has it. It's not in our genes. Sorry evolutionary psychologists. We're not programmed to any of this stuff. You try running down. I don't know. Do you have bison here? What would be a good animal in Brazil to run down, right? We're weak. I mean, just look around the audience, right? We're weak. We're slow. We have no claws. We have no fangs. You can't run down an animal and chew on it. What do you have to do? You have to invent weapons, invent traps. You have to strategize and work in teams. From the beginning, our means of survival as human beings has been the mind, has been reason, has been thinking. But what's interesting is in the 18th century, they didn't stop there. They said, okay, we all have this capacity to reason. Now who has this capacity to reason? Is there a collective consciousness floating over here in the space here? And we all think in this collective consciousness place? No.  You have to eat for yourself. There's no collective mind. Reason is a faculty of the individual. Each one of us reasons. Well, if each one of us can reason, and if we can understand the equations of Newton and if we can understand the world in which we live, then why can't we choose our own profession, which you couldn't 300 years ago? Why can't we choose our own spouse, our own wife or husband? You couldn't 300 years ago. Why can't we choose our own political leaders, which you couldn't 300 years ago? Suddenly, suddenly, a movement is born, a movement of liberty, a movement of freedom, not based on the idea that we're just some animal out there leaving loose, but based on the idea that each one of us possesses the capacity to think, to take care of himself, to reason, make decisions, make choices for oneself.  They need somebody, somebody to protect them, somebody to tell them what to do, somebody to help them out. So, through this idea that each one of us can reason, each one of us can take care of himself and therefore choices must be left for the individual, a new conception of human life came about.  The idea for the first time in human history, for the first time in human history was that your life belonged to, who did your life belong to? You. Now we take that for granted today.  But if you'd asked 300 years ago, it would be the answer. 500 years ago, 1,000 years ago, your life belonged to the king, the tribe, the council, the state, to a whole variety of entities. And what was your purpose as an individual? Your purpose as an individual was to serve that entity that owned you. You were meaningless, you were nothing.  And in return, you would sacrifice everything for them. And this is a scam that's been going on for a long time. For a long time. Thousands and thousands of years. But suddenly, in the late 18th century, people started to say no. Our lives belong to ourselves. We don't accept your authority over us. We have a right, a right to life. Now that sounds, everybody talks today about rights. They throw around the world all the time, right? But this is a massive revolution. This is an amazing new idea. You have a right to live your life free of coercion. You have a right to be free. Free from authority, free from control, free from regulation, free from other people dictating your life for you. And suddenly, people took responsibility for their own lives. People were left free to live their lives in places like the United States and in England and parts of Europe. And suddenly, not by accident, but suddenly they started to use their mind to discover new ideas and to take those ideas and to apply them in reality. They didn't have to get permission to invent the steam engine. They just invented it and then commercialized it and then made money on it and then took that money and invested in new other products and production processes. It's the liberation of the human spirit, the liberation of the human mind from authority and coercion that made the world rich. And it's the ideas that made that liberation possible. The founding fathers of America, it's not an accident that they wrote such amazing documents as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. These men were well-read, real intellectuals who understood the ideas at the foundation of freedom and liberty. And it is those ideas we must resurrect. It is those ideas that we have given up on, that we have lost. It's that idea of individualism and the idea of the efficacy of reason that stand at the core of what makes wealth creation possible. What makes for a healthy society. The sad reality is that from somewhere around 1800 these ideas have been under attack by intellectuals. Primarily German intellectuals do with that as you will from Kant to Schopenhauer to Hegel to Marx to onwards they march. The anti-reason, anti-individualist philosophers and nobody has stood up against them. Nobody has challenged these fundamental ideas about the efficacy of reason and the sanctity of individual life. And yet that is what the battle is really about. We still live in a world, we still live in a world that both on the left and on the right doesn't treat you as an individual. The only difference between the left and the right in the world we live in today is which collective they want you to sacrifice to. The left wants you to sacrifice the poor and the proletarian and fill in the blank. Trees, they love trees more than human beings. They love desert rats more than human beings. They want to sacrifice you to all of that. The right wants you to sacrifice for the nation, for the tribe, for the group. But both of them agree on the fundamental. Your life does not belong to you. It belongs to them. And then they're just arguing about what to do with your life. How to sacrifice your life. They get to decide what business you get to open. I hear it takes, what, a hundred and something days to start a business in Brazil instead of what, how long should it take to start a business in a free country? Twenty-four hours seems like a long time. What business they have looking over, you know, in New Zealand it takes four hours. I'm not sure why it takes that long in the digital world. I think you fill out a form online just, you know, so they have a record of it, right?  Why not? Why not? I'll tell you why not. Because it's not your life.  That's the principle. The principle is the collectivistic principle of your life is not yours. You cannot think for yourself. What is regulation all about? Why do we regulate businesses?  And businessmen are all lying, cheating, stealing crooks. Maybe not yet, but they will be if they have the opportunity. Now, this is a view of mankind. This is a particular view of what human beings are. And it's an anti-reason, anti-individualistic view of human beings. And again, it is that view. That view which must be challenged. My life is mine.  They call it the welfare state where they decide how much you should give for charity. And then, of course, they take a cut and put it on the side, right? The fundamental question is still, whose life, who does your life belong to? And are you capable? Are you capable of making something of it? Now, all of this, all of this is so popular. All of this is so common. All of this is everywhere. Because there was one idea that was not challenged during the Enlightenment. And in my view, the only thinker to have challenged it since is Ayn Rand. This is why I think you should all read Atlas Shrugged, which is in Portuguese, right? And that idea is, what does it mean to be moral? What does it mean to be good? What does it mean to do the right thing and to be noble and to be just? What do those things mean? We all want to be good. We all have been taught that being good is important. We've got religious teachers and philosophers and our mothers all telling us, be good. But what does that mean? Everybody, what that means is taking care of other people. Taking care of other people, thinking of other people before you think of yourself. Sacrificing to other people. We built statues for people who sacrifice. We think sacrifice is noble and good. What's sacrifice? You give something up, what do you get in return? What do you get in return if you give something up and a sacrifice? Well, death is the extreme. But nothing. Nothing. The whole idea is you give something up and not get anything in return or something less valuable in return. What's a trade? What's a trade? Do you give something up? What do you get in return? Something more valuable. Why isn't a trade good and a sacrifice bad? Why isn't win-win good and win-lose bad? That's at the heart of everything. Why should I live for other people? Why are other people's interests more important than mine? I don't love my neighbor like myself. I love me much more than my neighbor. And I think that's the moral thing. So, for Rand, morality is not about sacrifice. It's not about helping others by losing. It's about living.  It's about living the best life that you can live as an individual who owns their own life. But owning your own life means owning it all the way down. It means owning, being responsible for how you're going to live and living the best damn life you can live. I'll give you a quick example. Take Bogates, Microsoft. Bogates built this amazing company at Microsoft. Became the richest man in the world. How do you become the richest man in the world? What's the secret to being a billionaire? This is important. You better write this down. What's the secret to becoming a billionaire? Making a great product that everybody wants and are willing to pay more for than what it costs you to produce. Why are they willing to pay more for it? Why? Because it makes their lives better. Because they're trading. They're engaging in a win-win. So the only way to become a billionaire is by making other people's lives better. Only way to become a billionaire in a free market where you're not just scamming off from government. In a free market, the only way to become a billionaire is by making the lives of millions, hundreds of millions, billions of people better. And I would argue that nobody has done that in the modern era more than Bill Gates. He changed the world. Microsoft made the world a better place. The whole computer revolution we live through today is possible because of Bill Gates. He made the world a better place, but we don't like him. Why don't we like him? Because while he was making the world a better place, he dared to make $70 billion for himself. And we don't like that. When does Bill Gates become a good guy? When he leaves Microsoft, God forbid you make money. God forbid you work for a company that makes money. And he starts giving his money away. And now everybody loves Bill Gates because he's got a foundation. And he gives money away. And he's not making money. He's not making the world a better place a little bit. Charity is fine. It's not huge, but it's fine. But where did he have a bigger impact on the world? At Microsoft during this charity, it's not in the same universe. So why do we love Bill Gates when he's giving his money away and we don't love him when he makes it? And how do we make Bill Gates a saint?  Why? He lives in a big house. He flies around in a private jet. And he seems to be having fun. How do we make Bill Gates a saint? Now, I haven't spoken to the Pope and I know this is a Catholic country, so I have to be careful. How do we make Bill Gates a saint? What would he have to do? Yeah, he'd have to give it all away, move into a tent and bleed for us. He'd have to suffer. Have you ever gone to a museum and seen paintings of saints? Do you ever see a painting of a saint smiling? No. The purpose of the morality we live with, the purpose of the morality that dominates our world, the purpose of the morality that has been inculcated into us for at least 2,000 years, is a morality of suffering. It's a morality of denial. It's a morality of sacrifice. You want to be rich? You want to be free? Then that is what has to be rejected. You don't live for other people. You don't owe other people other than the respect of leaving them alone. You owe yourself. You have one shot at living life on this earth. One chance of making the most of this one life that you have. Morality should be the science, the science that teaches you how to do it effectively. That teaches you how to live well through production, through thinking, through reasoning, because it is, after all, a means of survival. Morality should be a science that explains to us how to live the best life you can live for you. Now, that doesn't mean you're going to treat other people badly. Why? Because we get huge value from other people. We're traders. Life should be about creating win-win relationships, maximizing the trading potential. Win-win relationship in your personal life, win-win relationship in your commercial life, and we should be celebrating the entrepreneurs who are up here on stage. We should be celebrating wealth creators because they created wealth by trading, by making the world in whatever way possible a better place, and by exerting their own effort doing it, by using their mind to make this world a better place. They, the entrepreneurs, the bogates, the Steve Jobs, the Bezos, the entrepreneurs we celebrated here today, they are the two heroes of the world. We should be erecting statues to them, naming boulevards after them, not politicians and generals. The people who really change the world in which we live are the business leaders, are the people who create and make and build, and the intellectuals, there are only like five of them, I think, right, who actually have good ideas because they make the world hospitable to those business leaders, those entrepreneurs. So, if we're going to fight this battle, and if we're going to win, the first thing I think every individual needs to have is a commitment to their own life. Forget politics for a moment. It doesn't matter who wins the next election, not in a big scheme of things. Think about your own life. Think about how you can make your life the best life that it can be, how you can maximize your ability in this world. And only think about politics in that context.  I want to be free.  I want you to all do well. But I care about being free because I care about me and the people I love and the people I care about. I want to make my life the best life that it can be right now, right here on Earth. And if you're motivated by that, by love of yourself, by love of your life, by love of the world, and everything that is possible in that world, and if you're willing to fight, fight this morality of sacrifice, morality of duty, a morality of subjugation of the individual, then we can win. Then we can win. We're not going to win on their terms. We're not going to win with their vocabulary. We're not going to win with their philosophy. We need a new philosophy, new terms, new ideas. Embrace them so that we can all experience this freedom and liberty. Right, left in politics, the fundamental, if you will, spectrum is collectivists of the right and of the left, which is pretty much almost every political party out there, and individualists, people who care about their own life, people who care about lives of other individuals, people who want to interact with one another as equals, as traitors, engage in win-win transactions. So go out there, live, fight, and we will win. Thank you all.


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What's up my beautiful babies, how are you guys doing today? So, I'm back with more makeup. I don't know, I'm just like in this little phase right now where I just want to do makeup. So, I recently did a video where I tried to copy Jeffree Star's makeup tutorial and honestly I was kind of impressed with myself. So, I wanted to come back and you know, raise the bar a little bit. And I got a new palette. Hey, Morphe, what's up? This Morphe palette that has so many bright colors and I love color. So, I was like I have to pick a tutorial that is going to be, you know, colorful AF. And so I came across a Nicky Tutorials tutorial and I came across a James Charles tutorial. So, I asked you guys on Twitter if I should do a James Charles tutorial or I should do a Nicky Tutorials tutorial. And it was like pretty much tied up into the last moment and you guys picked Nicky Tutorials. So, I'm here today going to do the Pride Tribute Rainbow Eye Makeup Tutorial by Nicky Tutorials. I'm a little nervous because this tutorial looks extremely difficult but, you know, we're really going to test my makeup skills today. Alright you guys, wish me luck, let's get it started. So, today I'm doing this rainbow makeup tutorial for you guys in order of Pride Month. In this video, I want you to know that it's okay to be yourself. It's okay to love yourself.  Amen, Nicky. We're now highlighting our face using the Kryolan TV Paint Stick in 00. Okay, I don't have that. But we're going to use concealer to highlight this face. Again, I have my Revlon thing and we're going to highlight with it. Okay, so it looks like she's putting it on her cheeks. And to further conceal, be using the It Cosmetics by My Under Eye. Further conceal, girl. You look flawless already. And again, beauty blending that in. Now I'm going to set my under eye area using my NARS Eluze Powder in Snow. Okay, give me a second, Nick. Can I call her Nick's? Nicky? I should probably just call her Nicky. I really hope you guys can't see all the concealer just stuck in my facial hair. We're going to ignore it. I had this little Laura Marcia sample and she's setting her eye. I'm setting the rest of my face using my Double Wear Powder by Estee Lauder. First thing is always applying it based on my eyelids to make this rainbow last all day long and I'm using my Mac Soft Ocarina Paint. And I'm applying this using a Sigma 3D HD Precision. Oh, the Sigma? Love that one. Okay, I feel like I'm baked to death. I feel like I was just baked at 475 for three hours. Matt as can be, I look like I don't have sweat glands anymore. I feel like that's what we're going for so I feel like I really accomplished that. Okay, and she uses, you know, another primer thing. I'm going to use Concealer again. Okay, we're going to conceal my eyelid. Like that, alright. And my skin already feels like it's suffocating so we're off to a great start. I got new brushes too. Light Mac Eyeshadow, I'm going to set my crease to brow bone area to help blend in later on. Okay, okay. I'm going to do one eye first and then the other eye off camera because I'm a beauty guru. I'm going to use my white in my Morphe palette.  I'm going to mix, oh, I'm going to mix those together and we're going to put those in on Morphe. Just put a mirror in your palette, just do it. So for the eyes I'll be replicating this rainbow look I already did but I'm going to reverse the colors. So everything on the bottom is going to go to the top and the top is going to go to the bottom. So the first eyeshadow I'm going to go in with is a yellow and this is by Melt Cosmetics in the color yellow. I like the same yellow. This is going up to the crease. Okay, okay. Nikki, you didn't tell me what brush you're using. Let's see my brush bag. My brush bag. My brush bag. There we go. This is my MAC 7983 II5. It's a new brush. Just released. For the orange I'm going to go in with Melt Cosmetics. Just kidding, it's not even pigmented. What's happening? Why is this working? For the orange I'm going to go in with Melt Cosmetics Radon and with that same brush which is a Zoeva 234. Oh, the Zoeva. I should have known it was the Zoeva brush. Do you want to softly swipe it into the yellow? Ooh. You can always flip your brush around.  For the outer 30s. Why is it not showing up? I think it's a different brush. This isn't working. Okay. Okay, pigment. Mine's not as bright as hers is. I have that brush but like in rose gold. Oh my God, this is so pretty. Okay, I think I like have that same brush. Look at it. I do. Soft on the edges. Fabulous. All right, we got the top portion done. I'm going to focus on the bottom which is going to be the top of this lid right here. So we're going to start off with the purple. And the purple I'll be using is by this Morphe pal right here. This is the 12p and this purple is life. And I'm applying the purple you did in the Cosette D230 brush. Oh, the Cosette. I have that brush but like not the Cosette version of it. Like the CVS version of it. Actually, it's Sephora. On the center of the little action, I'll be using this blue. How do they do this on camera? Okay, and blue. I'm going to take my blue. Okay. I'm going to stop about halfway in because we'll be creating a new inner corner. For the new inner corner, I'll be using this. She's giving us a new inner corner. This actually looks kind of good. Why is my ish creasing though?  And a dose of colors fine liner brush, which I cut a couple of bristles off of, which makes it even thinner and more precise. I have a Maybelline. I'll be right below the new inner corner. Ice studio. This is the hard part, you guys. Oh no. Alright, I might be like off camera doing this. Oh no. Look. I think I went a little bit too far. It's getting worse. It's getting worse. I just ruined everything. Okay, so basically you guys, it doesn't look that bad. I think I kind of saved it. There's definitely a few things going on that I wish weren't going on, but that's just life, you know. Let's finish this eye. Alright, I'll be applying this melt green color. It's called Xenon. Okay Xenon. I love that movie. Let me get a front. That is definitely not the same green as she has. Ooh girl, that's not cute. What now, Nix? And with Nix's white liquid liner, I'm going to trace the new inner corner to make it even more bamy. Bamy? I like that. Make it bamy. We're about to make it bamy up in here. Okay, so I have this like palette. It's like the... That palette, the flash palette. Okay. I don't have another one of those small brushes. How are we going to make this bamy? We're going to go right there. With Jeffree Star's... Right under me. This is going to be a task. Okay. I guess we can just go with that. The weirdo liquid lipstick, I'll be doing my liner today.  Which I cut some hair itself. This is just my practice eye, okay? Let's call it that. You know what the issue is here for me? I'm losing patience. This stuff just takes too long.  This is so hard. This looks terrible. I'm so disappointed in myself. Ugh. Okay, what now, Nikki?  I'll be applying some dramatic lashes. These are Lily Lashes Caramel. I did buy lashes, you guys. God, doing your own makeup. I have never really done your own makeup. Trying to do eyeliner?  I feel like it might not look that bad on camera. I'm really hoping it doesn't. Maybe I can just get away with this. Maybe that's the secret. Maybe they're actually not that good. But on camera, it just looks so much better.  Wow, lashes feel so weird. I hate it. It feels like there's something crawling on me. Put a little mascara on. A little mascara. Okay, so for this being my first time ever doing winged eyeliner or anything of this extreme, and semi-impressed myself, it's not terrible.  And then I'll come back and we'll finish the Niki tutorials video, okay? I'll be right back. Basically, what I've learned so far is that I can't do makeup myself. Definitely can't do eyeliner on myself. I should probably just never try to do this again. Also, this eyelash is basically in my eyeball and making me go blind. But other than that, life's great, you know? Anyways, let's finish the tutorial, shall we? We're bronzing. I can do that. I can do that. Can I? I don't even know anymore. I don't have that brush. Oh, that's a lot of bronzer done. Why not? Just go full drag right now. I don't even care anymore. There's eyeliner all over my lids because I didn't let the eyeliner dry. Such an amateur. And also, I just want to be down with this. Because I'm tired. It's like 8.30. I'm exhausted. I don't like my face right now. What else, Niki? You're torturing me. I don't have that. My situation. I think it's making it worse. Why does she look so good? Oh, hold on. Nude? Don't have it. What do I put on my lips? Concealer? Oh yeah, that's really classic enough.  Ew, they look so crusty and drying. I'm just going to put red lipstick over it. I thought that was going to get so much worse that it actually made it look better. That's actually not the worst thing I've ever seen. Oh, I have white. I'm going to put white in the center. And of course, to make this look last all day long, we need some setting training. Oh no. And that concludes my Pride rainbow makeup tutorial. I hope you enjoyed. This is so... I should never wear a nude lip. Setting spray and we're done. Jesus. Oh, mm-hmm. That's all I got for you guys. Thank you, Niki. Clearly, you're an amazing makeup artist. And clearly, I am not.  All right, you guys. Well, give this video a like if you appreciate the effort I put into this. Subscribe if you're not already subscribed. Comment and tell me how bad I did because I love to hear that. Check out my Live Your Extra Life merch at Vanjoys.com. It's my surprise. Thank you guys so much for watching tonight. I'm so ugly. Don't forget to Live Your Extra Life and I'll see you all next time. Peace.


It's the last series before Christmas breaking with the BSU men's hockey team. It could be their most important. They're looking to get back into the wind column and carry some much needed momentum into the second half of the season. They welcome in Alaska Anchorage tonight. Game one at the Sanford Center, and it was a fun first period. Miles Fitzgerald strong to the net. He puts it away. Beavers on the board first then later. How about some Jay Dickman, the big man causing havoc out front. He puts it away for another BSU by two. Then Dickman again. This time just does it himself. Beats the keeper for his second scores. Another later for his first career hat trick. Beavers finally get in the wind column tonight. 5-1 the final score. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.