I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE.com. This is theCUBE, SiliconANGLE.tv's flagship telecast. We go out to the events and extract the signal from the noise. CEOs, entrepreneurs, analysts, marketing people, developers, whoever has the signal, we want to extract that, share that with you. And we have a special guest today, Frank Slutman, who's the CEO of ServiceNow. Again, I'm John Furrier, I'm joined by co-host. I'm Dave Vellante, wikibon.org. Frank, last time we saw you were up on the stage. You had these glasses on, the hat. I remember that. Elwood, so welcome to theCUBE, first time on. Thank you. A bit to many VM worlds, I'm sure. Little different angle now. ServiceNow, very exciting, just went public, solving a big problem, and added again. Yes, absolutely. Tell us, how do you feel? That's interesting, a lot of people ask me, how did you end up in an application software type of category, you spend all this time in storage. In reality, I spent most of my life being in application development and testing and system management, so this is actually close to my wheel, our storage is actually a pretty good diversion for me, career-wise. So ServiceNow, relatively, not a household name, but solving that problem where really there's no system of record for IT, what IT activities are doing, whether it's finance, whether it's application portfolio, project portfolio, you guys are sort of attacking that whole nut with a software as a service model. I mean, there used to be a lot of point tools to do that, and you guys seem to be having a lot of success bringing that all to the cloud. Yeah, the irony is that you look at all the corporate functions, you know, finance, sales, marketing, HR, IT sort of ranks last or near last in terms of management sophistication, right, compared to the other functional areas, because the most IT organizations have to show for themselves is they help this management system for their workflow, right, and how they keep track of what's running in their operation. And that service model is typical of infrastructure providers, right? You see it, you know, with telcos, like AT&T, you see it with power utilities like PG&E, they're infrastructure providers first, and the service model is not particularly compelling, right? So what we've tried to do is really, you know, take IT from a DMV-style service model, stand in the line, waiting to be helped to one of the small.amazon.com where I help myself, it's intuitive, it's online, it's productive, it's where I want to go to make requests, as well as receive service. So you're selling primarily to the IT organization, who do you sell to in the IT? Is it the CIO? Is it the project management office? Is it all the above? Yeah, so service management is a very well-defined center of responsibility in IT organizations, so there's always a group of people who is in charge of that discipline, they're easy to find, but CIOs are always involved. And the reason is, these are very high-profile system rollouts, because everybody in IT is an actor or participant in the workflow, as well as the broader employee population, the enterprise, touchy systems. So you better believe that people are sensitive about this being a successful project rollout. It looks more like an ERP system than it does an infrastructure type system. Yeah, without the ERP complexity of installation. Yes, it's a mixed metaphor. Yeah, you can be careful with that one. But so you're roughly a $150 million company, if you annualize it, you have a nice market value. I think we've guided to about 235 just this year. Okay, great, that's okay. I want to make sure that our investors don't get confused by the comments. Now I'm looking backwards here, sorry about that, yeah. So 235, which is why your market cap is about 3.6 billion, I think. We had about 98% growth in buildings in the last quarter, so the high growth, obviously, is what drives. What's driving that? So how big is the business that you guys play in? What's your tan? So we think that the tan just for the narrow definition around IT service management is a multi-billion dollar opportunity because of the nature of these IT workflows, we're also expanding into the IT operations management area, right? And this is where HP lives and BMC and IBM and CA with these very large open view, Tivoli, in the center. Systems management, network management. Because the workflows between service and system management are all becoming integrated. They used to be separate spheres, 90 more. And that's an enormous market. IDC thinks it's about a 13, $14 billion market and then you have the platform as a service opportunity because our customers have just gone wild building all kinds of bespoke applications on our platform just because they could. So you're kind of betting on the intersection of systems management and IT operations management. And the platform. Yeah, okay, and it's kind of jump ball, really, with the dynamic of the cloud coming in, isn't it? In terms of the competitive scenario? It's interesting because we look in other SaaS categories like HR or marketing. You see a whole host of players. You look in our category, the only breakout play there has been service now and we are predominantly compete against legacy vendors and the people that I just mentioned, so. You've got some experience doing that. Frank. I want to ask you about, obviously, the discipline side of the market.  And then talk about some of the product directions because yesterday they were really showcasing the vision within VMware, old way, new way, access, apps, infrastructure. You know the classic, old way, new way, modern era, we've been calling it. In your world, you're actually replacing some pretty old stuff. I mean, I remember back in the late 80s, really 90s health desks, people with headsets on and homegrown software developers have quit. So you a lot of have this legacy kind of mindset. So first question is, is that true? Is there still that much baggage in that services business from an infrastructure standpoint? And the second part of the question is, what's the new stuff that's really disrupting the market? So in the new way, what is the key features that's happening in the services industry? So, you know, I already started to allude to it, right? So you want to evolve that service model from that help that centric, you know, DNF style of service experience to one that's online looks more consumer style, you know, the way we've learned from Apple and Yahoo and Google and people like that, help yourself, right? If you have a problem at home with your Apple TV, are you really going to try and call Apple? No, you're going to go online and you find user communities. You get to your answers 10 times faster that way than following the old models, the way you reference. There's an awful lot of that still living in the world of IT because their focus is infrastructure, not service, that's changing, right? I mean, CIOs, I read somewhere have a shelf life of about 18 months, right? There's incredible impatience and dissatisfaction with how that function is running. It's costing too much money and the service is not exactly to write home about. So people are really ready to move their service models. Well, the first answer was just hire someone else to do it. That was the outsourcing boom, right? So that still brought problems, right? Legacy. Yep. So how, is that still in play? So if the notion is okay, outsource it and then the outsources has some warts on it, that's got to be tweaked. What's the new version? Because you know, Amazon.com these new environments with mobility, instant access to information, self-service, et cetera. Is that changing it? We believe that the move to cloud computing is really going to change the role of the CIO, right? Because infrastructure is going to become something that's behind the curtain and it's becoming less of an infrastructure centric job. The CIOs and IT organizations become more service engineering organizations. People that understand workflows, people that understand how to automate workflows rather than I know how to run a database or a network or all the security dimensions and so on. Because we're just breaking as an industry. There just isn't enough competency and skill sets for everybody to be competent at the level that we need to be at IT infrastructure. It's not scaling, right? It's sort of the way telephone switching centers were in the 1950s, right? I mean it's one of those things too where the CIO tends to say, I'll get to that later. But now with big data and real-time analytics is more pressure on the service delivery side as a business driver. Are you seeing that pressure as well or is it more of we just got to fix it now, I got to do it? Well, IT organizations tend to live from one crisis to the next. They're completely event-driven. We have an outage, we're all over it trying to restore service and we sort of live that life day in and day out. But it never changes, right? So we can get ahead of this game if we start structuring the interaction model that we have with our users, how we communicate with them. I mean simple things, right? When you have an outage, it would be helpful if we were able to pull status every 20 minutes as to what we're doing and what's going on, right? But having the infrastructure be able to push data out like that, most organizations don't do that. They live pretty much in the dark. Okay, so share with our audience out there that's watching. We have a lot of IT professionals and data scientists and analyst type audiences that follow us to look at an angle with Yvonne. And some CIOs as well and some early adopters. Share with the folks out there the pitch. How bad is it that their environment and how easy is it to change it is? Give them just an order of magnitude sense of is it turn key? How do you guys roll in? What's the engagements look like? It's not as hard as it thinks. Most people might have the opinion, ah, I don't want to get just ugly. It's painful. Or is it not painful? Is it quick pop now? Is it like how fast the roll in and out of the infrastructure that you guys are delivering? These are extraordinarily sticky systems. The system that we replace. Your systems are the old systems. The old systems are. And the reason is they've been around for 10, 15 years. They're very difficult to replace. And if you look at our growth, it's certainly testament to how compelling the value proposition has been that people have said, A, the pain is becoming unbearable. And B, the view of the promised land is looking pretty good, right? So there's both an incentive to change and to move. And secondly, there's something to move towards that is compelling and inspiring. And really it's going to change my game, right? Because now we tell people to look if you're just trying to get to a snazier and more modern help desk, we're not your guy, okay? Because we don't find that a compelling vision of the world. We want to wholesale transform how you deliver service. Just take a system of stats. We were talking before you came on about your growth, tripling in size, but talk about some as a company, which is another conversation we can talk about. You have expertise in, but talk more about the customer deployments. You got some fresh funding with the IPO.  You go out to the marketplace. What are the conversations like? What are some of the stats? And what are the conversations like with the CIO? Well, the CIOs obviously are interested first and foremost at the transformation of the service model, right? I mean, we have to get to a service experience that's more reminiscent of what people experience on the consumer side. Now, we typically have to do that that an economic equation that's very similar to what they're having right now. They're not interested in spending more. They just want to get a completely refreshed platform for similar amounts of money that they're already spending. Because we're SaaS, we're not just taking the software, not off the table, we're also taking the entire infrastructure, all the operating stuff, everything that it takes to run that environment, it becomes ours, right? It's no longer in the IT department. So that looks pretty compelling to them. How about some of the numbers in terms of uptake with customers recently? What's the growth rate? Can you share some numbers? We have about 1,200 enterprise customers. We added about 127 the last quarter. That is a huge number of customers to add. We have, most of our focus is on global 2000 enterprises. We have about 230 global 2000 enterprises and they're all who's who, names that people recognize. So the uptake has been strong. We're running very, very hard to make sure that we have the services infrastructure. Both there's people and infrastructure to be able to accommodate that. Well, I'm excited to interview you because I want to ask you more of a personal question. And although we just met for the first time here, your name's been kicked around as kind of a Maverick operational executive who knows how to scale organizations. So we're kind of living in an era where the business value focus, whether it's startups, and there's been a lot of talk about, you know, the Facebook IPO, the young kids under 30 running billion dollar market gap companies are trying to actually move from hype to real scale and Paul Moritz made a comment yesterday kind of dissing Facebook in terms of the value proposition relative to say, you know, VMware. But the question I want to ask you is, what's your success model for scaling an organization? And for the younger executives out there and for people who don't know you, just share us on the camera. What's your philosophy as the repeatable sales, lower cost, leverage model? I mean, it's a variety of different kind of ingredients. What's the Frank Sluteman formula for success in scaling, bringing a product to market and growing it? Well, the first order of business, you know, for a startup venture of any sort is growth. I find that, you know, a lot of people come out of business school and they're trying to balance growth and profitability. That mentality makes no sense to me, right? It's economics before accounting. Accounting becomes the bastardization of economics. We run, you know, our ventures on cash, on booking. These are economic concepts, not accounting constructs, right? People are trying to show profit prematurely when they can invest that money to grow. I mean, we tripled our headcount over the last year. We got very far over our skis. You know, we're burning a hole in our cash piles, but we're very clear with investors that, look, we are still increasing our productivity per head. Why wouldn't we apply the resources to grow this franchise? Growth expands, our multiples expands valuation. That's what everybody is in the business for. So to sort of summarize, you know, on your question, most people hold back on growth and they don't really know why. They're not all out trying to direct growth. And the reason that growth is so important, you need to be a breakout player. Nobody wants to be the in-between player that's neither fishing or foul and doesn't become a dominant entity in the space that it wants to be in.  So that's also an important part, right? Well, that's why I said you manage some cash and you manage some bookings value. Those are the economics of the business, essentially.  I'm sure you have the right partners. When we went public, we also explained to investors, look, this is what we're trying to do and this is what we need you to buy into, otherwise, buy somebody else's stock. How does the going public affect, you know, the perception amongst the CIOs? I mean, you chose to list on the NYSE, we had them on earlier this week, but how has that affected the brand perception? Yeah, that was the whole reason for us to go public, right? We didn't need the cash liquidity, obviously it's good for employees and investors. But an IPO is fundamentally a branding event. You know, I used the analogy, we went from playing on Saturday to playing on Sunday.   You know, how good your last quarter was, it's been, the IPO was tremendous for us from a branding standpoint. Yeah, and you've been known to have a reputation of really getting the product, or in this case, the service right and then really getting aggressive on the sales side. Can you talk about what you've done on the sales side? I know you've aggressively hired and... Yeah, we, you know, as I said, we tripled our headcount. We went from three sales regions to 12 inside one year. We spread out all over Europe. And at the end of the day, this is a ground war. You need an army to fight it. This is not Facebook. We cannot sign up a million people in a week. It is a business that runs over the ground. So you cannot scale and drive growth of a business unless you have the people to run it. And you're selling belly to belly, is that right? Absolutely, we're going through the front door up the elevator. Okay, we're getting the hook here. We're getting the hook, but I have two quick final questions. One is just put a plug out there for servicesangle.com. That's Silicon Angles separate publication we launched last year. Thanks to EMC for helping us sponsor that, but really dedicating to the new era of services. And there is some disruption. We're excited to cover you guys. So I just wanted to say go check out services angle. So Frank, I want to ask you two questions. One, what's the big disruption in the services business that most people aren't getting right now? The general man in tech on the street, not the insider inside the ropes. So that's the first question. The second question, what's your goals for the year for the business? Well, the interesting thing about the services business is how it's one of these areas that is sort of the least automated, right? It runs on the concept of institutional knowledge, phone conversations, informal communications, email, and the frontier in service management is that those become software automated structured processes. That is not just happening in IT. Table sticks. It's happening everywhere, right? Whether you want to request food from a hotel. I mean, you're at a Virgin America, right? You now request from your seat something. And that's just an example of how. That's the trend. There's no debate about that. That's how it's going to go, right? So services is going to become really, I call it a service fabric, right? It is essentially how these processes get conducted. So we're super excited because our platform sits right in the middle of that trend. And we're going to try and make that trend happen. It's a leverage platform. To the economics are fantastic. There's no real customization to your product. Exactly. So good margins. Exactly. And it's much more scalable and it disintermediates all the manual effort that goes into these processes. Okay, so now I know you're a public CEO and everything now so you really can't be as wild as you could if you were private. But what's the outlook for your personal goals for the year? Well, we've given guidance to Margaret one quarter out in four years. Check with your favorite analysts. Okay, growth is on the horizon. Congratulations, Frank. It's been great to have your leadership in theCUBE. Thank you. First-time Cuban, great to have you. This is silkenangle.com. theCUBE will be right back with our next guest, Cynthia Stoddard from NetApp. CIO, another CIO. We're going to get into the trenches and hear about the IT transformation again. So we'll be right back.


That was a very generous introduction. Okay, I'm gonna try to fit this into five minutes, so I'm sorry if I go over. So I was thinking to paint a picture of what it's like to be a volunteer and how that fits into my life. So there's like three elements of my life that are really important and fundamental to me. So one of them is the CFA life and then the other one's the employment and hobby life and then the other one is the hub, my family and my support. So CFA life, like Lex already mentioned, I grew up in a family of CFA volunteers and been there for 15 years, done lots of different positions in my time at Brigade. I've been a Lieutenant, looked after the juniors, lots of things. Now I'm the Brigade Community Relations Officer, so I look after all sorts of things, community safety and operational firefighter. So that side of life is really important but it has to work in with all the others. So my other life career, I work here a couple of days a week which I absolutely adore and I do film and television wherever I can get a gig. The other section which is just the hub of these two things is my family. So I have three children, they're two years, four years and six years old so they're all crazy. I've got one at home full-time still, keeps me totally on my toes and makes everything worth it but it has to fit in for them logistically. Then I have my husband, Paul, who is a massive core and support of what I can do. Without him, I don't know if I could balance these other two things. Sometimes these things get, one might get heavier than the other and that becomes a juggling act but if you can balance them all, everything works really neatly and nicely together and some of the opportunities that are created through being a volunteer can make those things work really well in together. So some of the courses that have been offered like challenge and fire line leadership, all those things give you great fire line, you know, firefighting skills and great leadership skills but they also work in amazingly with, you know, your career and your life goals and values and there's so many other opportunities like the Moomba experience. That was a crazy experience and something that I'll never forget and totally life-changing and also supports things in my career and performance and also in being a volunteer. It's opened up some amazing doors and, you know, some of the other things I was able to speak for the media launch for Fire Action Week and I've got my Captain Koala in April show which a lot of you have seen which, you know, also supports, you know, my career, my home life because my kids love me doing that and also, you know, CFA time. Just to paint a picture of what it's like for me at home the ripple effect of going to a fire call. So something that happens a couple of times a week. So, you know, I was thinking of an example. Friday night, perfect example. So it's my son's fifth birthday on Saturday and I had to make a cake and he picked out of the woman's weekly book a clown. I'll just rig that up. So at nine at night, I'm rigging up a clown cake. So my pager goes off at about 9.30 or 4 to 10 but I haven't finished the freckles around his face. So, you know, that kind of a thing. You know, I'm not able to go to calls all day long. I keep my pager on 24 hours a day, seven days a week but I have to, you know, select where I can go. I can't go if I'm here at work. I can't go if my husband's not at home. So I go sort of between 6 p.m. at night. You know, when he gets home from work till 6 a.m. in the morning till he can go to work the next day. So in that time slot, I'll drop everything to go to those calls because they're important. So I drop down my freckles and out I run and Paul's amazing. He is so in this with me that he'll go out. He warms up the car for me. We used to have a gate. He'll open the gate for me. He's been seen in my spotty dressing gown at 3 a.m. opening that gate when I had my one tunnel that you had to warm up for ages. It's totally supportive of it.  In the meantime, Paul's seen the cake. So he fixes up that. You know, he continued doing the things that I was doing and then I got home and it was late but I still had to finish my clown cake. So, you know, the ripple effect is something that it doesn't just stop it going to the fire call and doing my thing. It's what happens at home, the logistics. If you've got kids, oh, okay, I've got to go.  So, you know, some of those things you have to be prepared and planned for to make it all work. But my three elements are very important and I'm very proud of being able to make all of those work together. And I'm very proud of being able to talk here about Volunteer Week. It's an important time. So thank you for having me. Well done. Let's go.


There's a few different ways that we can classify costs and they all have their pros and cons their benefits to classification in different ways, we're gonna classify costs here by behavior Now you may think what does that mean do costs have behavior and we can say well Yeah, costs do have behavior in that they act in certain ways in relation to other activities We're gonna classify the two types of costs here being fixed costs and variable costs This type of Classification is not included in financial accounting. So if you're going from financial accounting to managerial accounting This is going to be a new concept and the reason we're gonna have cost classifications by behavior is that it really helps with Projections so we have to have this because when we're looking into the future What's really gonna be helpful if we can determine how costs act so that we can make projections based on different levels of Production so we have fixed costs fixed costs mean that as production level rises the cost remains fixed So for example if we have the activity down here We'll say this is production if we're making units of something as we make more units of something The cost total remains the same remember here that we're talking about total cost not cost per unit We're starting here with total cost So for example if we're saying that the rent is gonna be a thousand dollars a month Then it really doesn't matter how many units we make if we're producing things in a warehouse And we make one unit in that warehouse Then it still costs a thousand dollars if we are producing in that warehouse and we make say a hundred things the rent still is a Thousand dollars if we keep producing in that warehouse and we maximize the production of the warehouse Let's say it's five thousand things Well, then units of production whatever we make then it's still gonna cost us a thousand dollars no matter what we do The rent is gonna be the same and so if you look at that in terms of the fixed costs, you're gonna say well It's gonna be what it is no matter what so when making projections then we can think of okay How many units do we have to produce in order to? Pay off the rent pay off the fixed cost So the other types of behavior that we're gonna have the major second group that we're gonna have and we're gonna try to come Basically break everything out into these two groups even though it's not possible or not all costs fit nicely into these two groups We would really like it if they did because that would simplify the world here And we're gonna try to do so so that we can make accurate projections And so the other type is variable costs and variable costs are gonna go up With each new unit of production So for example if we're making guitars and this is the cost of wood the total cost of wood And this is the activity how many guitars we're gonna make well if we make one guitar, then it's gonna cost Or if we make one guitar here, it's gonna cost so much and then if we make two guitars well they the Activity went up and the cost is gonna go up in proportion it's gonna be a straight line because The cost is gonna go up with the same Number of units let's say the cost is for wood that's gonna go in the guitar if we make three guitars Well, then the cost of wood is gonna go up in proportion To the number of guitars that we're making so so wood or direct material That goes into into the cost of production is gonna go up You would at a constant rate and as opposed to something that is fixed such as the rent if we know those two things Then it's really useful for us to then make projections into the future because now we can say okay How many guitars do we need to make in order to you know get to this level of cost and of course We'll add into this pretty soon. We'll add into it the amount of revenue per guitar We're gonna get and if we take the revenue minus the variable cost Then we can say okay, how much are we making over the variable cost? To see how many units we then need to have in order to clear the rent price And that's how we start to kind of think about these things What do we need to produce in order to clear our costs? It's a lot easier to make those types of production projections if we can break all costs up by Behavior between fixed costs and variable costs now some costs will line up in these two very easily And it won't be a problem if we're talking about wood in the guitar Then that's probably pretty straightforward if we're talking about the rent. That's pretty straightforward But we're gonna have some things that aren't quite as easy to go into these two components. They may have


Cyngorol a gweld o'u wneud o'r diwrnod o ran astiwn iawn a'r bai'r ddîm o'n wneud o'r stwyaf pan hynny, o wnaethau o'r dysgu ffwrdd gwneud o'r cyflecidau o'r ddiwylliant.封in ni'n eu cael eu cael ei ddweud, a hynny yma i nes y dyfodol i'r dangos llwyddiol. Andrew wedi'u ddifieniau arni wrth unig e Chyf ecadu du Aunt Benderfyn i'n ddalod, yna bod nesaf sylfyniadau i'r ddefnyddio. Rwy'n cael eu bod ni'n meddwl am eich tyfu. Yr hyn yw'n mynd i ddim yn ddechrau i dynnu'r ddechrau ac ythydig ymwneud yn gwybod i'r ddweud y rhaglen nowe? Ma wedyn bod, rydw i gydag i bobl eich gwirionedd wedi rhoi girteithiaol i ddweud o'r ymerdd ymlaen wedi eisiau chi yn cael ei wneud o gwirionedd yn gyfroddu i ethno. Dyna yma i bobl eich bleicurwyr. Cwrwmau'r digid o bobl eich Lywodraeth yn cael eu rydw i'r ddechydd a cyfwylio'r parodi yn cael ei wneud yousfyrdd, a mae'n cael ei cerddo i'r rhaeg a'r effeith iawn. Mae'n cerddo iddyn nhw fyddo'n parodi, a wneud eu bod yn cael eu siwr o bwysigead. I would hate that we would go back to the old and it would just slow to be a work of the old and the old. Interestingly, what we have come to call is that there is a lack of requests to many countries because they have some kind of a non-descriptive... That's right. Although we in the UK have introduced a proportionality test, so we were receiving an extraordinary number of requests from Poland, but I mean some of them were in relation... Stealing a chicken, I think. I think somebody who ordered a hoover didn't pay for it or something. But there is now a proportionality test and the figures are heading in the right direction in relation to Poland. Therefore, I'm just wondering in the context of the European Court, to a lot of extent is potentially an issue that even if there is political agreement on the way forward, I'm mindful that the first duration of the European Economic Area Agreement fell following the European Court back in 1992 when it had to be in both years. It was concerns about the status of European law. Now, what you are allowing in relation to all the way a nice man, it seems to me that fundamentally within that framework is an understanding that they, if you like case law, the European Court of Justice is going to be respected. We couldn't say that in the context of a much bigger population in relation to the UK, 65 million, compared to a much smaller, about 8 million or so. And also obviously a much sort of potential for divergence right in the context of a country that's in terms of your skeptic as against the remainder itself. I mean, to a lot of extent, even if it's a political agreement, it could potentially fall forward with the Court itself. Even the, I'm not sure where it stands at the moment, but the joint European Convention on Human Rights has been problematic in terms of the European Court instead of saying that it's essential integrity and independence could be threatened by another legal institution. Yes, I mean, I say so, I think you've put your finger on a very good point. It's very complex, isn't it? Assuming that there was the political will to have some sort of arrangement whereby due regard or respect for the two different bodies and systems of case law with the objective of ensuring as much consistency as possible, assuming that all that was politically acceptable and given what's at stake as we were discussing earlier, one hopes it would become politically acceptable. What you could never predict is what the future decisions of the Court of Justice may be, which might throw all that into died. And of course with extradition in particular, you are a definition always dealing with two ends, one within and one without the European Union. And so inconsistency is instantly problematic. Having said all of that, although it may change, I think a number of cases are growing in frequency that actually arrive before the European Court in relation to the European arrest warrant. One is in danger possibly when focusing on that of overstating how frequent an occurrence that is, but that doesn't grapple with how the law may change. I think the whole other aspect of this, which is, you know, the precedent value of what you decided on in this area, because I think there are going to be a lot of other areas where there's going to be, you know, possibly these new constitutional mechanisms needed, and I mean both sides are going to be very good of them to see any problem in relation to this particular issue, much so they're going to resolve it because the possible precedent value on the other hand may to me it seems that the terrorism question is not to be incentive that both sides have to try to find some way out of this, but I'm sorry to say Andrew, I think we have solution right next to that in the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice on this issue. Yes, well, you know, just viewing it, just viewing it as a lawyer, if someone came to give us some advice as to the way to proceed, it wouldn't be terribly difficult to come to that conclusion, would it? But we are mere lawyers, you know. I agree.


Good morning everyone and thank you for joining class. I hope all of you had a good and refreshing weekend and ready to face another new week. You'll have a good weekend. All of you. Yes, no. Yes ma'am. We had a wonderful weekend. Thank you ma'am. Okay, so let's begin our class this morning. Can one of you please lead us in prayer? Anyone? Can I ask Susan Nirmal to lead us in prayer please? Okay ma'am. Thank you Jesus. Thank you Lord. We come into your presence Lord. Thank you Lord Jesus. Thank you for this wonderful day you have given us Lord Jesus. Help us and guide us and lead us Lord. Holy Spirit we ask you to come in a midst and open our minds and hearts to understand whatever our ma'am teaches us Lord. Lord Jesus thanks for giving us a burden for the children and youth Lord. Lord Jesus you open our hearts and minds and all of them who are present here. You fill their hearts and help them also to understand everything Lord Jesus and help us to implement in our future ministry Lord. Lord Jesus we need your guidance and concern Lord. Asking in the precious name of Jesus. Amen. Amen. Thank you Susan Nirmal. So on Wednesday we began looking at the developmental needs of children. We'll first look at the developmental needs of children that are common to all age groups and then we will look at the specific developmental needs of children in specific age groups. So we began looking at the common developmental needs of all children. The first one is the need for physical activity. The second one we saw was the need for competence and achievement. The third one we stopped here. We looked at the first two and the third one is the need for self-definition. Now you know children and all age groups they grow so they need lots of opportunities to explore who they are, to explore what their talents are, their gifts are, their capabilities. To also know what they are becoming, who they are becoming and how they can relate to the world around them especially the younger ones, the older ones as well. You know they're learning how to relate to the world around them apart from their family which they have been very closely connected to in the very formative years of their learning but now they are stepping out, they are growing. So they need opportunities to explore who they are, to explore what they are becoming and how to relate to the world around them. So they're basically looking for a self-definition. They're looking for a self-identity. They're building their self-image who they are, what they look like to just accept and love themselves with their strengths, their weaknesses, a whole lot of questions especially for those who are in the adolescent stage, the teenage stage when they're transitioning from being children to teens which is a very important formative time of their period of their life. Self-image, valuing themselves who they are is kind of a primary challenge for children in all age groups especially for those who are in this transition stage from being going from childhood years to teenage, adolescent years. So it's important that we build their identity on the truth in God's word, important to help them to know who they are in Christ. So it's important to build their identity in Christ that is just sharing with them various narratives from the Bible, the truths what the Bible talks about them, who they are in Christ, what Christ has done for them, who they are as sinners but who they are now as being part of the family of Christ, of being sons and daughters of Jesus Christ, being a heirs of God, co-heirs with Jesus Christ, just teaching them this, who kind of build a good strong foundation of their self-identity. They'll begin to value themselves not on their capabilities, their talents, how much they can do of what the world presents to them but just knowing who they are in Christ will help them to achieve things in the world and also for the kingdom of God. So it's good to teach them about the course on who we are in Christ very basically from a very young age. Also for teens, pre-teens and teens especially those in grade, I think now it can be as early as grade 6, grade 6 to grade 10, they go through a lot of challenges as pre-teens, as adolescents, as teenagers. So good to have sessions for them, teen sessions, we have teen sessions for our teenagers at Oral People's Children's Church where we just talk about the various challenges that they're going through, how to relate to their peers, how to face peer pressure, how to relate to their family, their parents, the world around, the choices that they make, basically also how to define themselves, to love and accept themselves, to value themselves. So important to build a good, healthy self-image based on the word of God and what God thinks of them and who God has defined them to be. And also it will help them to find their own purpose, their identity in the kingdom of God, in just pursuing the plan and the purpose that God has for their life. So good to even bring this about at a very young age that God has a plan and a purpose for them and how they can identify God's plan and purpose, how the Holy Spirit will lead them, guide them, just enable them and help them so that they can choose the subjects. They know what they're good at, how they can build on those things and just basically have a very good, healthy self-image and self-value based on how God sees them and how God values them. The next one is the need for creative expression. Children's bodies and their minds are rapidly growing, changing and they slowly learn to get more involved in the world around them, just beyond their home, their family. So we need to create good opportunities, creative opportunities in children's church and Sunday school that are essential for their development. You know, these opportunities just can help children, help them to understand and accept themselves even as they learn how to speak, write, do crafts, sing, dance, drama. Just look at various visual arts that they can express their feelings, their interests, their thoughts, their talents and their ability. So it's good to give them various opportunities in children's church through all of these things, just speaking, writing, singing, dancing, drama, visual arts where they can express their feelings, their interests, their thoughts, their thoughts. Their talents, their abilities that God has blessed them with. So there's various opportunities that you can do, you know, like when you can have talent competitions for them. We have that during kids' conference. You can have it even during, you can plan to have it during the course of the year for your children's church. Also have various clubs, you know, I shared about the Kingdom Builders Club that we had in our children's church where we had, you know, children join various clubs and they were taught how to enhance their skills, you know, and improvise on their talents that God has given them in that specific area, but also specifically how they can, you know, release the supernatural, how they can use this gift to bless the people of God, you know, to build the kingdom of God. Also get them to participate in adult church activities, you know, sometimes lead worship, sometimes lead in the declaration, you know, just sing a song or do a skit.  And I mentioned a few of those things that we did in the last class, you know, just get the children to, you know, involve, get them to plan, get them to think, get them to write out the skit, what they want to do, what song they want to sing, and you can just, you'll just be amazed with the talent and how they would, you know, just present God's word, present the topic that you're giving to them.   But, you know, they all need opportunities to express their, you know, their relationships, their positive relationship with people outside the family, outside the home, which is basically in the school, with their classmates, with their close, you know, group of friends, or just a close friend that they have with the teachers. So also in children's church or in Sunday school, you know, they're looking for opportunities where they, you know, they want to experience positive relationships with the people in their class, the other children in their class, and also with the teachers. So, you know, these, basically these positive relationships just provide kind of comfort, support, security for them, even as they experience new ideas, they are viewing things outside the family, outside the home, they're looking at the world, you know, they're observing the people of the world. They're learning their values, they're learning to express their feelings, sometimes children feel very, you know, scared to express their feelings at home, because of a very dominant parent, or maybe a very strict parent, or also maybe because, you know, the parents are not having a good positive relationship. The husband and wife, the father and mother not having a good close relationship. There's kind of strife, there's fighting, there's discord. So the child is feeling very uncomfortable, feeling very insecure, feeling very scared. So when the child is, you know, coming out in the world, the child needs a positive social interaction. So, you know, Children's Church can be a best place where a child knows that, you know, it's a place where they can feel loved and accepted. And also it's a place where they can experience God's love. So they experience God's love in and through us. So very important to understand what the child is going through. So if a child is not speaking up, if a child looks lost, if a child looks worried, anxious, child is giving you little hints in their behavior, you know, it's all things that we can catch on, speak to the child, you know, just show love, show acceptance, help the child, because many of them come from broken families, many of them come from single, where they have single parents, and or maybe their parents are fighting at home, or parents don't have time basically, because both the parents, the father and the mother are working, they're left to the care of, you know, maids, or they put in a play school for, you know, extended periods of time till their parents come back on work and pick them up. So they feel very insecure, they don't feel loved and accepted. So it's important that we create this kind of atmosphere of love, acceptance, so that they would know that church is a place where they can feel loved, accepted. It's a place where they can meet with God, they can experience God's love, and it will become a place of positive social interaction. And that would kind of have a lasting impact on children for the rest of their, on the rest of their lives. So, you know, build, create experiences for them, opportunities for them where they can, you know, have play games together or interact in group sessions, just group discussion or do a skit together or do, you know, craft work activities, just to build a relationship with the children in the class, make friends. Also, you know, when you put them in clubs, different clubs where they have different interests, they're learning to relate with children at all age groups, they also are able to learn from each other's talents. So builds a better bond with children of all age groups, they learn, they build friendships. Also important to have mentoring sessions nowadays. I think this is really very, very important in children's church to have a one-on-one mentoring session with the child and the teacher. So the teacher can, you know, really speak into the child's life.  I just can share one, I'll just share one incident, you know, one Sunday I was, you know, I always pray and ask God, God, this Sunday I just want to impact one child's life, give me something, some word of wisdom, knowledge, prophecy that I can speak over a child, I can just share with them so that they just know that, you know, that you speak, that they can hear you. Also that, you know, that we are interested in their lives, that we want to speak into their lives. So remember just telling a child, you know, she was, I think in grade seven or grade eight, comes from a single parenting home. I just told her, you know, God knows what you're going through. He's seeing what you're going through, but he's just telling you that I love you with an everlasting of fatherly love, and that, you know, you can just trust and hold on to God. And I just said that and, you know, she just, you know, she just started weeping and crying. She didn't bother. It was, you know, it was in the adult church, everybody were there, people noticing her, but she just couldn't control herself.  I felt so sad, but I was just so glad that, you know, I could just speak this into her life because I never knew what she was going through. God knew the Holy Spirit knew, but just that kind of such a release of emotions in our heart, just crying and just pouring out her heart and crying. Her mother and sister were observing that and they were very worried and later on they sent one of their close family friends just to ask what happened, you know, and I just said she was just unburning herself. That's all I said, but it was just, you know, so we can do that, you know, God is interested in these children's life. He reveals, we used to do that as teachers, you know, just pray for these children. It's amazing what God reveals to us about their lives and when we share it to them, you know, it just builds closer bonds with them, just to know that somebody cares, that God knows he cares, he wants to work with them, he's helping them out and he loves them. So that's a good thing to do as well, just to hear from God and speak into children's lives. Charles says positive social interaction can, sorry, Charles says that positive social interaction can include barrier breaking games. Yes, it can include barrier breaking games, include ice breakers as well. It can also include games where you have a general game time with children of all age groups. So children are learning to accommodate other children of younger ones and also the young ones are learning to play with the older ones. It helps in positive social interaction. Yes. Any questions so far before we move on to the next developmental lead of children of all age groups? Okay, there are no questions. The next is the need for structured and clear limits. You know, even as children grow in their need for children are growing up, all children of all age groups, not just basically teenagers who are looking for freedom, all children in all age groups want some kind of independence and freedom, even the smaller ones. But they also, even in that whole environment of them wanting their own independence, their freedom of doing things in a certain way, it's important because they also need a security, a structure where they feel secured and where there are clear limits that are presented to them or that is given to them so that it will help them to develop their skills such as being responsible, expressing their creativity, being trustworthy and dependable. So sometimes we think in children's church we shouldn't bring in so-called law and order. We shouldn't have any kind of discipline. Just let children be, let children enjoy themselves, let them do what they, I think it's a good place to teach them that even in the house of God, when we talk about the house of God, we talk about the house of God being a family. So in the family when there is certain restrictions, certain disciplines that is placed, it's important for them to know that that is also applicable in the house of God. Why do I say this? Because if you look at adults, it's okay for them not to come to church with a Bible, but it's not okay for them to send their children without their textbooks to school or it's not okay for them to go to their office without carrying the required files. Nowadays we have our laptops to carry our laptops to office. We do carry our laptops to office even though it's very heavy, it kind of burdens us to carry it. But it's okay for us if we don't carry our Bibles to church, why carry it? Just use our phones. It's easy to slip our phones in our pockets, in our bags, then carry a Bible. It's okay for us not to go to office late to send our children late to school or to go to a show or a movie late or to go to the railway station or to catch a bus or a flight. No, we don't dare to go late, but it's okay for us to go late to church. And why is that? Because in Children's Church we basically taught children it's okay. We don't have these kind of rules and restrictions, it's okay with God. But I think it's so much important for them to learn that in the house of God, our God is a God of order and discipline and it is important that we come to church on time. It's important that we carry our Bibles. It's important the way we dress because when we have certain dress codes in school, certain dress codes at the workplace, when we go some places we have certain dress codes. It's important that we dress in a way because we're going to worship the King of Kings. We're going to meet the King of Kings. So all of these things I think is good to teach children at a very young age because that will kind of bring in that discipline later on even as they grow up. And I think it's not okay to do this in church. It's okay if we don't go to church on Sunday, we can plan along, we can go out, but we come back and ensure that we come back on Sunday evening so that our children don't miss school on Monday. And we don't get, we don't miss work on Monday mornings, but it's okay for us to plan a weekend where we can miss church on a Sunday because now things are so much more easier. We have it all online, but important for us to build these security structures where they feel secure enough to obey these laws and also put clear limits so that they are learning responsibility. Creativity, being trustworthy and dependable within those laws and our God is a God of laws, right? The Old Testament has so many laws that he has given, which is applicable even for us today. So some of the things that we can have some kind of structure is that they need to carry the Bibles, learn their memory verse, you know, read the scripture portions that you are giving to them. Because, you know, children will not dare to go to school without doing their homework, but it's okay for them to know that the teacher won't say anything if I don't learn my memory verse, I don't read my scripture portions. But, you know, we need to impress upon them that, hey, this is important, you know, we need to learn. This is a good time for us to learn. Also, you know, for them to act upon what they have learned, how they can apply what they have learned in the week, and then come back on Sunday and share that experience. So we basically have a notebook now that, sorry, we have a notebook where they write down how they're going to apply what they have learned. And then, you know, before we used to give them printed workbooks, but they're kind of bored with that. So we change it to just them carrying their own journals or their notebooks. And then writing down how they practice what they learned during the week and come back and share with the teacher, share with the class. It just, you know, helps other children to also learn to see how others have put into practice what they have learned, experience what they are learning from God's word. And so that becomes kind of a lifestyle. So even when they come to adult church, when they're listening to the sermon, they go back and they know they have to apply it because that's kind of become a lifestyle, that's kind of become a structure, a habit in their lives. So we're not saying that becomes a ritual. It becomes more of a habit, which is a good, healthy habit, which, you know, God wants us to practice what we, he's teaching us what we are learning from God's word. The last thing is the need for strong attachment with the positive adults. You know, all children of all age groups need the skills to establish strong attachment with at least one positive adult in their life.   And they know that, you know, you're not somebody who would judge them, condemn them, but somebody who was there to help them through difficult times. And even when they grow up and they do something that, you know, can be really terrible or something that is really, that has broken God's heart.  So, these are these seven points which are basically the developmental needs that are common to all age groups. Before we look at the developmental needs of specific age groups, does anyone have any questions, anything you'd like to share, any comments, anything? No thoughts, no comments, no questions. Even as I'm sharing these things, you know, in the context of children's church, this can apply also to those of you who are parents, have children, just can help them, even whatever age group they are with their developmental needs. Yes, Sey? Thank you, Pastor. Thank you, Pastor, for sharing this. So, my question is, I'm going to give, like, the kids, in terms of their makeup, or would I say their behavioral characteristics, simply, that way, for lack of a better word. In terms of the fact that how do we navigate all this developmental needs with kids who are introverts and kids who are extroverts, with kids who might be melancholy, or they could be choleric, or they could be just four behavioral patterns, basically. And then I can't remember the other two. And just basically, how do you navigate all these things to ensure that one doesn't feel left out, and the other one feels that they are treated well? Because you have a lot of children come to class or, as parents, we have kids who are always going to be different. So, how then do we navigate all these needs to ensure that we are meeting each one? Because there's another aspect of the five-language, flow of languages. Some of these kids prefer timeouts, quality time, service, you know. Some kids like to be touched, patterned, but how do we navigate all these needs, basically, to ensure that, at the end of the day, we're able to cut across every one of them. In meeting their needs. I don't know if my question is clear or if it's clear. I understand your question. It's a good question, say. Thank you. But we are going to do the learning styles of children after we do the developmental needs of children. We're going to look at the learning styles, just like you spoke about the five-language is different children have different learning styles. So, how we can incorporate different learning styles with the needs of children, even as we just teaching them for 45 minutes or one hour, and how to prepare a lesson and how to interact with them based on their specific learning styles. We'll do that after we look at the developmental needs of children. So, can you wait till then? Is that okay, say? Yes, Pastor. Thank you. But a good question. Thank you. Yes, Rupa, you have your hand raised up. I just wanted to share while you are sharing about the children and the parents not giving importance to the coming to the Sunday school or Sunday service and planning on that day. Yes, I can hear you. Yes, go ahead, Rupa. I can hear you. I was also having the same burden for the last few many days. So, God has revealed and I started teaching on the life of Imoti to the church, how his mother, he was a disciple even before Paul found him. So, it was the mother and his grandmother who have nurtured and instilled that value system in that child to honor, Imoti is honoring God. So, he had learned to honor God's word, he learned to love God and follow him as his disciple. So, unless as parents, we recognize and give that first place and honor to God, children will not learn and just wanted to, this generation, many, I don't say all, but many are taking it very light. They give so much importance to education and other things, but it comes to educating their children, the values of Christ, the value system of God, they are failing. So, it was what God taught me and thank you Ma'am, I just wanted to share because it is also something which is burning in my heart. Yes, thank you for sharing Rupa.   So, I think if we make children's church a place where a child feels loved, accepted, it's a good learning experience for them, you know, they will just tag along their parents along, they'll pull them, they'll ensure that parents have also told me, oh my gosh, my child ensures that we don't get late to children's church, just pulls all of us together so that we can come to church on time. So, you know, yeah, so children can also in the other way make an impact depends on how we impact their lives in children's church, they can in turn impact their family as well. Yes, so children can have far-reaching results in impacting their parents especially. That's why if you look at advertisements, you know, many advertisements they have, they use children, why? Because children kind of impact even what their parents buy, you know, they're forced their children, they're forced their parents, they have kind of a sway on what their parents buy for the home as well. So, if you look at all the ads very creatively, you know, they kind of tempt children. So, you know, if you buy this, you'll get this, if you buy this sweet, you'll have this sticker or you'll get this pencil and so the child forces their parents to get that chocolate or that candy for them, whatever. I mean, even if it comes to refrigerators, TV, whatever, they influence their parents. So, yes, you can make a great impact on them so that they can influence their parents as well. Even in times of, you know, having family prayer, how to have family prayer and all of those things children can make a great impact and influence on their parents. Thank you for sharing Rupa. Yes, Charles. Thank you, Pastor. I have a sharing on the effect of the children on parents. Before I joined Child Advising Fellowship, I was serving with Awana. Awana is also a children's ministry called Approved Workmen and Overcalmed. And this child was told to bring, there is a time we are telling them to come with their parents because we had an open day where parents were supposed to be coming. And when the parent came, she was told to come on Sunday also to attend church. So she came later, she became a church member, she got baptized and she became a church minister. Then there is another place where we had a children's meeting. It's called Good News Club. And after a while, like 12 months, the parents said, why don't you begin a church here? Because we don't have any church, you can begin a church. Talk to the church administration will begin a church. So a church began and children were able again to be attending that particular church where they were having a meeting. So children are very, very influential. They can help even in the church, even in the spiritual development of their parents. I submit. Thank you. Thank you, Charles. Thank you for sharing. Wonderful work that you're doing. Praise God and God bless. Continue to use your among children. Okay. Thank you all for sharing your thoughts. Thank you, Asha and Kung as well. Anyone else has any questions or we can move on to the developmental needs of children, looking at developmental needs of children. Specific age groups basically three to four years old. We'll begin with that. Okay. So if you know questions, no further questions or comments, anyone wants to share anything, we look at the developmental needs of children, ages three and four. Okay. So children in this age group basically are learning how to relate to their family, you know, and to people outside their family. They're also learning to separate themselves from their family members for short periods of time. So, you know, if you're having a preschool arrangement for children at your children's church, then you need to know that, you know, this is a time where for this age group specifically it has to be very, very short. In the beginning few weeks, it would be good if at least one parent comes and sits with the child so they get familiar with the surroundings with other children, with the teachers, with the other parents.  Because if the child suddenly feels insecure, wants to see their parent, then you know where exactly to take them during service. So that the child is not, you know, feeling insecure, feeling afraid, begins to cry and then, you know, that kind of experience leaves a bad taste for the child. And the child will not want to come back to children's church. So good to, you know, make this arrangements because they're learning basically to separate themselves from their family members. And that's only for a short period of time. They're learning to tell stories on their own, but it's not more than one sentence or thought. I'll explain this later. Let's put down the next slide. They're also learning numbers in sequence, they're learning how to count small objects. So if you give them a lot of colors and then, you know, crayons and you say, hey, there were 25 of them, but let's count. They won't be able to count if anyone put everything in the box. So that's not something that they will really be able to do. You know, they're learning numbers in sequence. They're learning how to count small objects. So if you're having games or activity, just keep the counting very minimal. They're also learning alphabets and simple songs so you can teach them simple action songs which they would like to sing and learn. Don't teach them big songs. Don't teach them two, three verses, you know, the same time, just a few lines which they will be able to learn and sing.   So basically, you know, these are some things that they're learning. So it will be very challenging if you have, you know, the classroom for these children on the third or fourth floor because they will find it difficult to climb up. So it's good to have it on the ground floor or, you know, max keep it at, you know, the first floor because they're not very, very confident in climbing. They need a lot of help. A lot of time will go in that if you're planning games, you know, just keep it simple for them because they're learning to perfect their large motor skills. But also developing to use their fine motor skills using their hands and fingers.   So if you want them to, you know, they basically scatter everything around so you can get them to pick up all their things, put it in the box, you know, help you clear the room because they just love helping you. They also love to color, but it's not very organized because it's very early coloring. So they'll not have a proper concept of the right colors to use. You need to help them with that also to color within the lines, within the structure. So give them a simple coloring so that it will be easy for them.  So don't give them to write their memory verse down because that will take eternity for you. You know, just give them a printed sheet with, you know, or the coloring sheet on top they can have the memory verse should be easy for them. They like songs with hand and finger motions that they learn to do quickly so you can teach them a lot of action songs, a good age to teach them action songs. It's very early for them also to work with scissors and glue. If you're doing that, they need a lot of supervision because they can spill the glue, they can put excessive glue on the paper. They can't cut right. So all of these initial cutting, sticking, everything for the craft activity will have to be done by the teachers. And just basic simple things that, you know, that the child can do like just coloring on that or basically, you know, just tying a ribbon or something, which with the help of the teachers that they can do. Okay. Children in this age group also, you know, enjoy these type of play they like to pretend they imagine a lot of things. They do a lot of pretend play like they are the teacher and they're teaching, you know, they have a lot of magical thinking and fantasies. So it's good to teach them about creation because they can just imagine things.  They even fantasize a lot of things. You know, they like to play in importance, very important. They like to play in groups of two or three with the children of their own age. So if you, if you get them to sit in a bigger group and color, they would not like it, but they will kind of move out from that big group and get into their small cliques of two and three, you know, which they would like to color with them or even games. Keep the games very, very short and minimal because they don't like group games. They like to just play with two or three children in their own age. So playing games, the larger group of children, you know, you can have that only for a short period of time. But for this age group, they just like to play with one or two children or maximum three children. Okay. About hearing Bible stories, sorry. Okay. Hearing and understanding Bible stories, they're able to listen and understand the Bible stories, Bible narratives, but it has to be very, very short because their attention span is very little, very short. Maximum eight, eight minutes, eight to 10 minutes. So don't give them a lot of details. Just keep it very short. Make it very imaginative, exciting, narrated with a lot of actions, voice, voice modulation, eye contact, you know, doing a lot of drama which children of this age will really love. They're also able to, if you tell them, okay, you know, can you tell me what you learned today? Can somebody tell me the whole story? One child will not be able to narrate the whole story because like I just said sometime back, you know, they're learning to tell their own stories but will just be maximum one sentence or just a thought so you can't expect them to repeat the entire story. They can just tell you the main character of the story, the main person that they learn about Abraham or Sarah or Bartimus or Zacchus or David Goliath, you know, and they can just say, can David kill Goliath or Zacchus became a good man, whatever.  They can repeat a few main points in the story but that will just not be in sequential order as in when they remember things they can just say things but, you know, just to reiterate the story what you've taught them or to, you know, bring back to memory.  We just have one more minute so we'll stop here. Anyone has any questions? We look at the mental, the social, the spiritual and the physical needs and how to effectively teach these children in this age group on Wednesday. Okay. Anyone has any questions, any thoughts, anything that you'd like to share? No. Okay. I have posted these notes on the screen page. I'll do this by this afternoon so that you can access the notes. So all of this, I will give it to you all the developmental needs of children of different age groups and that is common to everyone. I'll post it on the screen page. Okay. Thank you everyone for joining class. I'll see you soon for our class on first Timothy. Thank you.


In Tanzania, there is a paradox. 75% of the jobs in agriculture, 80% of the people live in rural area, while only contributing 30% to the economy. This is a big mismatch. Recently, the government of Tanzania has just endorsed the second five-year development plan, which is aiming for increased industrialisation in the country. Unfortunately, what we see is industries in Tanzania has been growing informally, and this poses a challenge when it comes to food and hunger. Data shows that people engaged in industry are engaged informally, and with this they don't have security with their jobs and they're failing to take good care of their families. Consequently, this also affects their nutrition, not only of themselves, but also of the young children that they have within their families. When you think of nutrition, it's very important that children are breastfed ever since they're born for the first six months. At the same time, they're provided with all the required nutrition in the first three years. Missing any of that means all the gains that might be gained in industrialisation will be lost even for the kids if they don't get the nutrition at the beginning of their lives. In Tanzania, lots of industrialisation will be in agro-processing, in particular food processing. It's very important that the nutrients are preserved so that the Tanzanians can benefit and not lose out. The food that Tanzanians eat should not be negatively affected by industrialisation. The takeaway in policies when it comes to industrialisation in Tanzania is that we should not take a step back by making sure that we engage the women better in the industrialisation so that they can still take care of their families. And at the same time, we make sure that industries, when they process the food, they do preserve all the nutrients.


Hey there, my name is Allison welcome to the tiny herd where we talk about everyday pet care for guinea pigs rabbits and other small pets Today's video is part two in my series on how to make your own DIY fleece liners for your guinea pig cages If you haven't seen the first video, I highly recommend watching that it is about tools and supplies And it explains the breakdown of what each video in this five-part series is going to be Today's video is part two and we are going to be talking all about fleece I'm gonna be explaining to you how fleece liners work What kind of fleece you need to buy and how to buy it at the fabric store? So let's go ahead and just jump right into this video. So first let's talk about how fleece liners work So I do have a very in-depth video talking about fleece and how it works and how to use it properly Which I will leave linked down below But I do want to do a quick overview in this video to explain how it works so that you understand what we're doing when we're making liners So let's talk about how fleece liners actually work when you're making a fleece liner You are actually sewing a absorbent layer in between two pieces of fleece So a lot of people wonder how fleece actually works Does it really keep your pets any drier than using like a cotton sheet or something to that effect? And the answer is yes. The way the fleece works is when it's prepared properly It pulls the liquid through the fleece layer into the central absorbent layer That way the liquid is not sitting on top and making your pet wet or sitting in wet areas So how this works is you prepare the fleece which will be in part five of this series Because that's done after the liners are made but you prepare the fleece so that it is ready to pull the liquid through To that absorbent layer So it's really important when you're using fleece to have all the necessary layers You really do have to have the absorbent layer and you have to have the fleece layer for it to work correctly so I will show you guys a clip of a fleece liner that is properly prepared in a liner that is not and you can see the difference where the liquid goes Right through on the one that is properly prepared and it sits on the top on the one that is not So you can really see in this example how fleece really works It does really pull that liquid through to the absorbent layer and keeps your pet dry If you are brand new to fleece I highly recommend watching my more in-depth video because it also explains how to use fleece properly But using fleece does require daily maintenance You do need to spot clean your cage every single day Which means sweeping up the poops and the hay and then feeling the liners to make sure that they're not getting overly wet because Getty pigs like to use the same areas and those areas will eventually get more wet than the absorbent layer can hold But this is why a lot of us use smaller pads in the high-traffic areas because we can just change those out without changing the entire Liners all right So now that you understand how fleece works and have decided that it's something that you can use and keep up with the Maintenance on let's talk about how to buy the fleece to make your liners This is something I didn't really think about because I'm so used to sewing I've been buying fabric for years But going into a fabric store and buying fabric for the first time can be a little confusing and overwhelming So what I'm gonna do in this video is I'm gonna go buy all the fleece to make my liners I'm gonna take you along with me and exactly break down the process of how to buy your fleece before we do that though Let's really quickly talk about what kind of fleece you actually need to buy So there are multiple kinds of fleece you can find them advertised online for Minky fleece or extra plush or anti-pill or blizzard fleece There's a bunch of different kinds out there But what you want to get for your guinea pig cage liners is anti-pill fleece or blizzard fleece Those are the two that are gonna work the best for you And I also want to mention that if you pay a little bit more and get a little bit nicer quality fleece Your liners are gonna turn out better They're gonna be softer and nicer for your pets and in my experience. They hold up a little bit better I've had a lot of people ask me how I don't have hair and hay stuck in my fleece all the time Part of that is my maintenance and how I clean my cages, but part of that is the quality of the fleece I found that the lower quality fleece tends to hold onto hair and little pieces of hay a lot lot more Than the nicer quality fleece so again Just look for anti-pill or blizzard fleece when you go to the fabric store and you don't necessarily have to go to the fabric store I always go to the fabric store like Joe in or Hobby Lobby or another place like that If you have a local fabric store that has fleece, that's perfectly fine But my local Walmart actually has fleece as well So you can go in and have it cut there So you might start at Walmart if you're looking to buy fleece for your first try making liners All that being said though, we're gonna go to Joanne fabrics today And I'm gonna show you guys how I buy fleece for my cages Basically what you want to do when you get to the store is walk through the store and find the section that has all the different Kinds of fleece in my Joanne It's always along the longest wall in the fabric section of the store so kind of towards the back of the store so you might look there in your own Joanne if you have one Otherwise whatever store you are in whatever fabric store figure out where the fleece section is because that's where you want to be Then you want to find the section within that that has the anti-pill fleece and the blizzard fleece Because those are the two that you really want to choose from from there It's really just determining what print you want figure out what you want to have in your cages what I usually like to do is have a Busy print so you can see here I'm looking at several different options and I end up going with the beef fleece And then what I normally do is when I'm making liners I use a print on both sides of my big liners to be the floor of the cage and then I do choose a solid to be on the back of my smaller pads and my Inside of my cozies so what I would recommend doing if this is your first cage set is finding a Print that you like and find a solid that goes along with it and get that for your very first Set that you are making once you've picked out the fleece that you want What you do is take the entire bolt that you found off of the wall and put it in your cart Because you have to have this cut before you can buy it So this is what can be intimidating if you've never bought fabric before you might not know how to do this So we're gonna go ahead and do it. I got the fleece that I wanted I filled my cart with everything that I needed and then you find the central location Usually in the store where they will cut your yardage for you So you do need to know how much you're going to need and for our purposes This is gonna depend on what size cage you have and what all you're planning on making for my cage sets I bought five yards each of the beef fleece The fish fleece and then I bought three yards of the solid blue since it's just going to be for smaller pads and beds So the five yards is going to be used for the actual liners themselves and The outside of all of the cozies and the good side of the smaller pads if that makes sense I have in my e-book and I will put in the description box a little guide on buying on what I would personally buy For making different size of cage sets So at this point you just give the bolts to the employee and tell them how much you want and they will cut your yardage for you And then they will give you a little receipt that you take up to the cash register with you in order to purchase your fleece So once you have all your fleece cut Then you can just take that ticket that they give you with you up to the cash register to pay Or you can continue shopping if you need a bunch of other sewing supplies Go ahead and get everything that you need and then you can pay for everything at the register using that little ticket But that is all there is to buying fleece It can be a little overwhelming if you've never bought fabric in a fabric store before but that is really all there is to it So now you can go in and get what you need and be ready to sew your liners All right guys one other important thing that we need to discuss in this video is your absorbent layer So this is important because it has to go in the center of your fleece liner And it's really where all the liquid is going to be held So you want something that you can sew through but is also going to be super absorbent So the most popular choice in the United States is U-Haul furniture pads. These are really inexpensive I think they're seven or eight dollars a piece and you can get a couple of liners out of each one You can get these at the U-Haul store or you can order them online and they will ship them to you But if you live outside the United States or you have trouble getting a hold of the U-Haul pads There are some other options that you can use So a lot of people do use towels as their absorbent layer, especially if they're not using liners This works just fine. But if you're using them in liners, I would recommend probably doubling up on the layers So putting two towels in one liner just to make sure it's absorbent enough to last you in between cage Cleans other things you can use are baby mattress pads or crib pads because again These are meant to be absorbent for babies or toddlers or really anything that you can think of or find that is Easily sewed through you can cut it to size and it will be super absorbent in your cage liners This was something I get asked about a lot is what you can use as your absorbent layer So there's some options for you guys if you live outside the US or even if you just have an option that you Think works just as well or better than U-Haul pads Please leave it down in the comments below so other people can learn from that as well Just because I don't have as much experience with other options since I have U-Haul pretty easily accessible to me So that's what you need to know about the absorbent layer that goes inside your liners Just make sure that whatever you end up purchasing you make sure to calculate How much you're gonna need to go in your entire cage set. Alright guys, so we have all of our flee spot So I'm gonna end this video here today. So thank you guys so much for watching I hope you enjoyed part two of this flee series and found it helpful Leave any questions or comments you have down below and I will get back to you as soon as I can The next video is going to be all about cutting out your liners So we are moving along in this process if you did enjoy this video and you find it helpful Please give it a like because that does really help my channel out and make sure to subscribe if you haven't already So you don't miss the rest of the series But thank you guys again so much for watching and I will see you in the next one. Bye