Welcome to Think Tech on Spectromosi 16, Hawaii's weekly newscast on things that matter to tech and to Hawaii. I'm Elisa Anderson. And I'm Cynthia Sinclair. In our show this time, we'll visit the 13th annual Ecological Dissertations in Aquatic Sciences Symposium. Our host Ethan Allen did two likable science talk shows and was then on a panel about reporting science to the media. The symposium seeks to bridge interdisciplinary gaps in aquatic ecology. This includes fostering cross-disciplinary interaction, familiarizing researchers with research areas and funding opportunities, and highlighting and publishing their work. These symposia are held at the east-west center near the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, SOEST, at UH Manoa. Few institutions have formal mentoring programs and many scientists are largely on their own when making sensible career choices. A key element of the symposium is to help them on career choices. Scientists are challenged to reach across disciplinary lines and come away with new possibilities for research partnerships and a new appreciation of interdisciplinary research. Formal presentations occupy much of the symposium. Each presentation devotes roughly equal time to the formal presentation and to Q&A and open discussion. The last part of the symposium involves working groups. The goal of these groups is to identify the most challenging research issues and funding directions. Of course, given this great opportunity, Ethan Allen and aquatic scientists participated and talked with other participants of this year's symposium to get a taste of the aquatic ecological research being done by researchers from around the country and to discuss how their work impacts our lives. The discussion involves some scientific hot-button terms and issues. Ecology, environment, microbes, eukaryotes, algae, metabolism, genetic diversity, variability, spectra, biomass, temperate and tropical environments, streams, insects and much more. In short, these ecological relationships are critical to help us understand environmental changes on our planet and to develop strategies to cope with those changes. For that purpose, Ethan conducted two of his likable science talk shows at the symposium. One was live and broadcast with our live-view transmission equipment. It featured Bryce Gunnert of City College of New York on characterizing spectral variability from sea to space. If you didn't know it, the upper 10 meters of the ocean contain as much mass as all of the Earth's atmosphere. When you think of algae, not all of the pigments that they have, but some of them will dissolve into water. And so you can see that pigment signature in your dissolved organic matter pool. But there's other, I always liken it to, if you're in a temperate area and you go look at some of the lakes and streams, sometimes there's a kind of black color of the water. In fact, some of the marshes that you see around the country have black water in the title of the name of the area. And so is the essential material that's being produced by these systems. And it can vary based on the general structure of the material and also where it comes from. So where it comes in is that those microbes are both utilizing that material, so changing its properties and changing its color and then also producing their own color signature. That's generally the setup for it, but a lot of these issues, especially the harmful algal blooms like the red ties that you talk about are exacerbated by climate change. So a warming system changes in sort of the basics of how it functions will ripple up into these bloom events. And I think Sarah could probably speak to that a lot because what you do is looking at that really small scale change, right? Bryce was joined by Sarah Hu of USC on genetic characterization of microbial eukaryotic diversity and metabolic potential. From her, we learn that microbial eukaryotes are capable of almost anything. I essentially study microbes that live in the ocean. And my specialty is single celled microbial eukaryotes, so there's prokaryotes and eukaryotes. And so I study the diversity of these microorganisms in our ocean systems, and I'm striving to understand why they're in certain locations, their diversity in a community and their overall ecological impact in that system. There's going to be a mix of variables that come into play for what causes the bloom. And we're still trying to understand that in certain systems. I'm not as familiar with what's going off the coast of Florida, but I haven't been personally studying that right now. It's typically a mix of temperature, nutrients, wind at a given time, and what's been the temperature in the last month in an area can also impact, lead up to potential bloom environment. What kind of advice do you have for aspiring scientists, maybe people just starting out in college or in community colleges, to help them along? I would say find role models. I think role models can be a great way to find your passion in a way. See someone who you look up to or you feel like your interests align and that's someone that you can ask advice of and that's someone who can also serve as a mentor perhaps that can lead you to where new opportunities might be so you can pursue your passion. The second talk show featured Whitney Beck of Colorado State University on a mechanistic understanding of algal biomass accrual in freshwater streams. She learned how to make an underwater electric fence to exclude herbivores from algal plots, which she said was challenging, terrifying, and very rewarding. My project is about stream algae. I study freshwater algae that grow on rocks. You might have been fishing or swimming in streams or lakes and got it caught in your fishing line or slipped in a stream because it's so slippery from the algae. I study nutrients in streams, so fertilizers that may become from agricultural fields or wastewater treatment plants and how they influence the growth of algae and how to prevent issues with water quality like what we're seeing in Florida, for instance, some of the freshwater streams where there's a lot of nutrients and that's fueling growth and leading to fish kills and things like that. So I'm conducting experiments to try to understand how algal growth responds to nutrients under different conditions like different temperatures and stream flows and things like that. So it involves a lot of field experiments up in the beautiful Colorado mountains, but also some quantitative models from larger data sets. We spend so much time and money collecting this data and then if it's just going to sit on a shelf somewhere, it's useless. But when you get people who know streams and lakes and coastal areas together in one room, we can really take a big picture view across those ecosystem types. I'm really excited to be working with this group. There was a really great program at my university that was funded by the National Science Foundation. So I came in as a fellow in this program and it was meant to get atmospheric scientists, watershed scientists and social scientists to collaborate together on water issues. So I made friends in engineering and atmospheric scientists who I've been able to work with on different projects and that's been so helpful at my university and I'm extending the net here at EcoDays. Incoming students at the undergraduate or graduate level who are interested in doing research and one regret I have in graduate school is that I did not bring in partners, stakeholders who would be using my research until the very end of the project. And we've been taught more and more as graduate students that that's not what you're supposed to do. You're supposed to help let the people that are going to be using your research help you formulate your research questions and participate and work in the field with you and that sort of thing. And so rather than just publishing an article and hoping that someone uses it, I would encourage people to get the users involved early, whether that be talking to your local state water quality managers or local non-profits or even environmental education groups. If you have modules you're producing, for instance, get people involved in what you're doing and excited about it. Whitney was joined by Erin Larson of Cornell University on functional and taxonomic diversity responses to disturbance in tropical and temperate montane streams. She found that stream insects are surprisingly resilient to disturbance. Traits can provide some interesting mechanistic insights into individual disturbance responses. I work a little bit up in scale from Whitney in terms of the animals that I study. So I work on stream insects.  Also mosquitoes, true flies that you might not like quite as much. And so what I try to understand are the processes that shape how many different species of those types of stream insects we find in a stream, especially things like landslides or floods or other types of what we call disturbances that might influence whether we see a lot of different types of bugs in one stream or just a few. When we think about aquatic insects, a lot of people think about mosquitoes or black flies or some of the more mean to humans aquatic insects that'll bite you or transmit disease and things like that. But actually a lot of aquatic insects play a really important role in the carbon cycle. So when we think about those headwater streams, you might often think about a stream that has trees over it. And so when those leaves fall off the trees and go into the stream, the insects are the ones that are eating the leaves and playing a really important role in how carbon is transported in the system. They also feed birds when they hatch out of the stream in their aerial farm. They're little like nutrient bags. They have a bunch of fatty acids in them. They're really important for a lot of bird populations and spiders. We don't have as much data on aquatic insects as we do on terrestrial insects. So things like bumblebees or other important insects like that. But we do know that when pesticides get into streams, they can kill a lot of the insects that live in streams as well. We have seen some evidence that pesticides and other types of pollution are affecting aquatic insects. We know that it affects aquatic insects in that different ways of basically hurting bugs home so harming or rearranging streams in different ways does affect their biomass or the amount of them that we find in a stream. But we don't right now have quite enough data to do those really big global scale synthesis of like, OK, do we know that aquatic insects are declining? My sense is yes. And I'd love to explore that further with my research. Yeah, it's been fun to meet a lot of different folks thinking about aquatic systems, especially since we both study streams, meaning some people who think more about saltwater systems and, you know, the ocean or coastal estuaries and things like that and how the processes that are going on there might be different. But of course all your streams ultimately, ultimately they all feed in the ocean, right? It all goes to the ocean, exactly. There's classical ecology lessons, right, that everything is connected to everything else. After these two talk shows, Ethan participated on a panel with Marcy Grubowski of SOEST and Nathan Eagle of Civil Beat, moderated by graduate student Chrissy Rempel. The subject was how scientists can deal with the media. When I talk with a researcher, I generally try to take out all jargon. And then if you take out all jargon, I think you can pretty much explain most science concepts with, you know, a third graders vocabulary, essentially. So I have a third grader. So I generally do the kyla test. Could kyla understand what I'm talking about? So I will break it down to pretty basic descriptions. Right. I think it's true that a lot of people do not have much background in science. And jargon will very rapidly lose them. They don't understand some key term that's central to your talking points. They're not going to get your, they're not going to understand why you're saying what you're saying. So you've got to be sure. I often start my shows out with actually defining a couple of key terms that if there is sort of a general jargon term that's going to be used. I love when I have the heads up and not it was just published because you like to break the news. Press releases sometimes. The issue with that is journalists like to have scoops or very scoop hungry. So if it's going to everyone, everyone's already got it. Okay, let's do something more original. Also, we try to do stuff a little bit more in depth than press release. So I might take the press release as an idea for a story and be like, oh, let's look into this like a lot more broadly. Sources like you're saying scientists, you know, will be like, hey, you know, I've saw you were covering this for a while. I don't know if you're aware, but this study is coming out soon. It kind of fits in what I've been seeing you write about. That's super helpful. Typically, I actually try after, after initial conversation, find out what the person wants to talk about because to me, that's really going to drive it. It is what the person is passionate about, what they care about, what they want to talk about because I found that's what comes through on television is the excitement, the passion, the dynamic aspect of it. And then I'll typically just make up a set of anywhere from eight to a dozen questions, like sort of called scaffolding questions. And just sort of general questions to help keep some of a structure to the conversation and not let us get too far afield. Don't really expect them to answer them specifically, but they give us more talking points to what they are. That's really how I tend to do it. It varies wildly from one story to the next. I might need to write that story in like an hour and a half and I'll be just calling me like I need to send expertise on this. But when I do have the luxury of having more time, it's going to be for something bigger. I'll reach out to the sources I want to connect with. I'll tell them, I don't give questions in advance, but I'll say like this kind of area of our focus or this is going to be my angle. I'll also welcome or invite like, if you have any other background materials that you can give me and ahead of time, I'd like to do my homework, you know, kind of learn as much as I can. I'm never going to become the expert. That's why I'm interviewing the experts. But I do like to do my homework on it when I can so that I can have a better conversation and kind of get to more of the crux of it.  And we all know that germs are all on the surfaces that are constantly trying to clean and germs that other doctors are coughing out or whatever. But they recently actually, a study was done where they tracked these infections that hospital patients were getting and tracked the genomic lineage of the germs that were infecting them. And it turned out virtually all of them were essentially their own gut bacteria. Have points ahead of time that you know you want to make and if you need to just keep going back to those points. And if somebody asks you something you're either not willing to answer, not qualified to answer, totally fine to say I don't know or that's not really my expertise or you could talk to this person. It's, there's nothing wrong with saying any of that. I would say you don't feel like you have to get back into it. You can just say that's not something I'm able to answer or something along those lines. As you could see, the discussion was important and valuable not only for the scientists who came from and to Hawaii to participate in it, but also for those like us who were there to observe. It was all completely likable science. Want to know more about the annual ecological dissertations in aquatic sciences symposium? Check out ecodos.org. Want to watch slankable science hosted by Ethan Allen from our downtown studio? Tune in to thinktecawaii.com at 2 p.m. every Friday or check it out on youtube.com. And now let's check out our ThinkTech schedule of events going forward. ThinkTech broadcasts its talk shows live on the internet from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays. Then we broadcast our earlier shows all night long and on the weekends and some people listen to them all night long. If you missed a show or if you want to replay or share any of our shows, they're all archived on demand on thinktecawaii.com and youtube and on our iphone and android apps both available for download on your smartphone. For our audio stream, go to thinktecawaii.com slash audio and we post all our shows as podcasts and iTunes. Visit thinktecawaii.com for our weekly calendar and live stream and youtube links or better yet, sign up on our email list and get our daily email advisories. ThinkTech has a high-tech green screen studio at Pioneer Plaza. If you want to see it or be part of our live audience or if you want to participate in our shows, contact shows at thinktecawaii.com. If you want to pose a question or make a comment during a show, call<PHONE_NUMBER> and help us raise public awareness on ThinkTech. Go ahead, give us a thumbs up on youtube or send us a tweet at thinktechhi. We'd like to know how you feel about the issues and events that affect our lives in these islands and in this country. We want to stay in touch with you and we'd like you to stay in touch with us. Let's think together. And now here's this week's ThinkTech commentary. Hi, welcome to Seymour's World Commentary on ThinkTech Hawaii. Our topic today is do you count your blessings? The concept is one we all understand but sometimes it's really hard to find what is good when times are tough. When times are difficult, both professionally and personally, that is the time when we really need to work to see this situation in a different perspective. It's not easy because being grateful is not a must in our lives, yet being able to see our different issues in a different light is the best way to move forward. I have often described true gratitude as a quiet state of inner calm where you are truly thankful for what you have, not what you don't have in life. The reality is that there is no true perfection and life is filled with its ups and downs, the good, the bad, and everything else in between. Once we realize that there is a purpose to it all, we begin the process of counting our blessings. Look at it this way. If you are grateful, more is given. If you are not, more is taken away. If you constantly look for the good things in your life and appreciate what you have, you create a sense of happiness that will give you the perspective of gratefulness. Here are some easy tips. If you identify with a negative thought, say you are stuck in traffic, switch to something positive like now you have time to call a friend. Try to be thankful every day. Learn to recognize that life is full of those ups and downs, be thankful for the ups and realize that you can maneuver through the downs because that is just part of our lives, our journey. It is called full spectrum gratitude, where acceptance of the good and bad becomes a new standard in how we live. Next, try this one. Begin a daily reflection. It could be meditation, which I do as often as possible, or just lying in bed at night, thinking about my day and remembering all the good things that happened. Try to make a point of remembering those who have helped you. Let's look at all the baddest challenges and begin the process recognizing the path to overcome those challenges. If we understand that challenges are the catalyst for growth, we then are much better prepared to overcome the negatives. So my friends, if you can count your blessings, you will create a circle of connectivity that fosters joy and fulfillment. That is the profound recipe for happiness.  I want to thank Jay Fidel and all the staff here at Think Tech who have made my commentaries much more successful than I ever imagined. I hope you will continue to send me your comments as I always say, I learn as much from you as you learn from me. Aloha from Seymour's World. We'll be right back to wrap up this week's edition of Think Tech, but first we want to thank our underwriters. The Atherton Family Foundation, the Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research and Education, Collateral Analytics, The Cook Foundation, The Hawaii Council of Associations of Apartment Owners, Hawaii Energy, The Hawaii Energy Policy Forum, The Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Hawaiian Electric Company, Hawaii Technology Development Corporation, Galen Ho of BAE Systems, Integrated Security Technologies, Kamehameha Schools, Wayne Kurisu, Carol Mon Lee and the Friends of Think Tech, MW Group Limited, The Scheidler Family Foundation, Shreem LLC, The Sydney Stern Memorial Trust, Volo Foundation, Yuriko J. Sugimura. Thanks to you all. Okay, Cynthia. That wraps up this week's edition of Think Tech. Remember, you can watch Think Tech on Spectrum OC16 several times every week. Can't get enough of it just like Cynthia does. For additional times, check out oc16.tv. For lots more Think Tech videos and for underwriting and sponsorship opportunities on Think Tech, visit thinktechhawaii.com, be a guest or a host, a producer or an intern, and help us reach and have an impact on Hawaii. Thanks so much for being part of our Think Tech family and for supporting our open discussion of tech, energy, diversification and global awareness in Hawaii, and of course, the ongoing search for innovation wherever we can find it. You can watch this show throughout the week and tune in next Sunday evening for our next important Think Tech episode. I'm Elise Anderson. And I'm Cynthia Sinclair. Aloha, everyone.


Hello and welcome to the session, I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question which says, rewrite the formula for the volume of the frustum of a cone given to us in section 13.5 using the symbols as explained. In the section 13.5, there was a removal of a smaller right circular cone by cutting the given cone by a plane parallel to its base. So let's start the solution. Now we are using the figure of the previous question. Let V be the volume of the frustum of a cone. Then V is equal to volume of cone VAB minus volume of cone VA dash P dash. So this implies V is equal to, now we know that volume of cone is 1 by 3 pi r square h. Therefore volume of cone VAB is 1 by 3 pi r1 square into h1 minus volume of cone VA dash V dash is 1 by 3 pi r2 square into h1 minus h. This implies V is equal to, let us take pi by 3 common, we have h1 r1 square minus h1 minus h r2 square. This implies V is equal to pi by 3 into, now in the previous question we have solved h1 is equal to h r1 upon r1 minus r2 into r1 square minus, similarly we have solved h1 minus h is h r2 upon r1 minus r2 into r2 square because h1 is equal to h r1 upon r1 minus r2 and h1 minus h is equal to h r2 upon r1 minus r2. And this implies V is equal to pi by 3 into h r1 cube upon r1 minus r2 minus h r2 cube upon r1 minus r2. So this implies V is equal to pi by 3, let us take h upon r1 minus r2 common, so we have r1 cube minus r2 cube. So this implies V is equal to pi by 3 into h upon r1 minus r2 into r1 minus r2 into r1 square plus r1 r2 plus r2 square because a cube minus b cube is equal to a minus b into a square plus a b plus b square. This implies V is equal to 1 by 3 pi h into r1 square plus r1 r2 plus r2 square thus we have derived the formula for volume of a, first term of a cone this is equal to 1 by 3 pi h into r1 square plus r2 square plus r1 r2. I hope the solution is clear to you, bye and take care.


Okay, we're back live here on Think Tech Energy in America with Lupo Urici at 3 p.m. on a given Wednesday and we're gonna talk about a movie today. It's the Michael Moore movie, the Riggs movie. It's called Planet of the Humans. That's an environmental film and most people who have seen it hate it. It is controversial to the nth degree. Both sides, but especially the ones besides that I've seen including a Forbes article, which is kind of to the right.  I disagree. It's not a right. Okay, it's just the green energy editor. Give me a break. Yeah, welcome to the show. Welcome to that's Lupo Urici in case you were wondering. Anyway, this has been very controversial and every day a whole number of articles and videos come out criticizing it. The one I was just looking at was a fellow named Josh Fox who's an environmentalist who said it's all disinformation. None of it is true. So, you know, and it's fodder for discussion. That's what it is. That's why Lou and I are going to talk about it. We're going to see, you know, how much of it you could ever agree with. If anything, he's probably going to agree with some of it and I'm going to agree with less of it. But Lou, you looked at it. You look at the movie as millions of people have. I enjoyed the movie. It's only out since Friday. So wow, good for you. I thought the movie was hilarious actually because I've been working on, you know, since the mid to late 70s, I've worked on energy policy. And generally, let's say, oil and gas development, traditional fossil fuel development is subject to massive misinformation and cheap shots. And this is the first time I've seen someone do it to the environmental movement or to the environmental projects. Actually, there are plenty of things wrong with this film. I think we can agree. I bet you were surprised with that though. I bet you were surprised because I was not surprised. I know Michael Moore. I don't trust him. But Michael Moore, you would expect him to be all the way over on the left kind of environmentalist. He disappointed a lot of people that way. Well, I'm so sorry for them. But I mean, I just think I think as I said, as I think I might have told you before we got started, a lot of people in the environmental community in the policy community called me and I said, you know, they were whining about the movie. I said, well, welcome to the club. I mean, this is the first time anyone's ever put you under a hard lens and you're all melting like a bird flying into the Ivan Powell solar facility in the Bahá'í desert. So you should just get used to it. And by the way, we're going to see a lot more of this going forward. What do you mean? From him or from somebody else? I believe after we come out of the COVID-19 crisis, we're going to have a massive debt. Mass. Why is that? Why does the end of the COVID crisis lead to further criticism of environmental projects? We're just not going to have a lot of money for frivolous activities. And the American people are going to have a high unemployment rate. And when people say, look, I got this great solar project for it's just going to raise your power rates by 20%. Well, when people don't have work and they're feared for their jobs, that stuff's going to be harder to do. And so we'll go and talk a little bit about that. Just a footnote on that. COVID has sucked all the oxygen out of our world. Nobody can be thinking about climate change. Nobody can be thinking about warming. I wanted to talk about COVID tonight again. I have some more slides on COVID. We can do that. It'll still be here. Well, but COVID is relevant here too, isn't it? Because it has changed the conversation. Everybody's talking about COVID and the survival of humanity, what not. And there's a Malthusian theme, according to the article in Forbes in this. And that is, we'll have to cut the population in order to survive. The same thing goes on with what do you call it, herd immunity. You have to cut the population. So all of a sudden we're in this moral dilemma, either way, in COVID or, you know, I do think that more is not really going after the environmentalists. People are making a mistake. He's going after the capitalist system. He's going after this notion of growth and prosperity and population growth. He's going after more fundamental issues. I totally agree. He's using the environmental, some like egregious cases, and we'll go through some of those. And actually these guys do need to clean up their act, and they do need to come to the table. And some of those criticisms, as a matter of fact, I would say nearly very much all of those criticisms are false. It's misinformation or even disinformation. Well, let's talk about that. Let's talk about what the devil's in the details. So let's talk about some of the details. Let's I have some slides. Let's go right to it. Okay. You start. Okay. So the first slide is here. You see is the planet of the humans. Okay. This is the introductory slide. Let's go to the next slide. Okay. So one of the big criticism Michael Moore has in the paper is biomass. Right. And so when you get to the deal, and in fact, many of the criticism he has of biomass has now been adopted by large swaths of the environmental community. So trees are renewable. So what happened is he said, well, we'll grow trees. We'll cut them down and we'll stick them in a power plant.  So that's probably a good thing. But it's not a really, it's a renewable technology. Sure, you can regrow trees. But is it really better than a clean fuel like natural gas or a range of nuclear power? Well, you know what the criticism has been is that he's way, he's way behind the environmental movement. I'm talking about this anymore. And he had this kind of trick interview with this fellow McKibben. He got McKibben to say that, you know, that he agreed with biomass and trees when in fact, that was not McKibben's position and it's not in position now. I disagree. It was his position. It was his position, but he changed his position. Well, I think that raises a different question, which is, what happens when you have a set of policies or a sense in the country that if it says renewable, let's do it? You know, all I'm suggesting is I am not, I am not a Michael Moore sponsor. I think he's made huge mistakes in this film. But I used to, I used to be a Michael Moore person, but I am no longer a Michael Moore person. Welcome to the club, as I say. So let's look at that. So the biomass, and there's a huge facility in England. I forget the name of it, but I was at a debate on time on it. And I just, I couldn't believe it.  So what happens is, so in a sense, Michael Moore on this issue is correct. And a lot of environmentalists agree with him now. What happens is the pressure, the political pressure to be politically correct, to say I have a renewable fuel, drives these guys to do things that are really not in anybody's interest. And so that is my agreement with Michael Moore. He takes all this stuff too far. And I think generally the modern world is moving away from biomass. But still. Well, I think that's true. It's true in Hawaii. And the disinformation in the film, and it's not innocent, is that to the extent that people were supporting biomass and trees and the like, they aren't anymore. Yes, that's true. They have learned better. But the film is criticizing that. But it's a false criticism because it's not part of the movement. Then what about the palm oil? And not only that, ethanol. I love the fact that all these bio, I think biomass has been a huge disaster, whether it's palm oil or ethanol. But I do think it's indicative of a system which doesn't allow hardheaded analysis to talk about, to publicly debate those kinds of projects. In the air of those projects emerged, you could not raise your hand and say, you know, maybe we should spend 10 minutes talking about this before we spend tons of government money. Because all these projects only exist because Uncle Sam or the states, either from a regulatory process or just like they do in Hawaii, they only occur if governments mandate them. So if governments are going to mandate this stuff, there should be some debate whether the juice is worth the squeeze. That's why I can tell you, we've had plenty of debate about this, you know, not the basic concept of solar and wind. Still actually, but it's on a nimby basis, not on a large, large policy basis. Those things were debated as a whole idea of climate change and renewables years and years of debate. And the problem is, is the debate really, you know, being conducted in a way that reaches the best policy? And that you never know, because this is a democracy and it's tumultuous. It's not like somebody says, okay, this is the way we go, that's it, no further discussion. So in a democracy, certainly Hawaii is a democracy, we have had plenty of discussion about it. And I would say here, it's still going on, here we have reached pretty good policy. The problem is not so much the policy. And we should talk about this, it's the implementation of the policy. Well, okay, you can't really divide the two. Sometimes, yeah, there's a lot of problems with the implementation when the government's doing the project. Because government bureaucrats do not get punished if you think about the bureaucracy. I can tell you, I was in five federal agencies. There are two motivating factors. One is, I'm not really interested in doing anything good. I just don't want anything bad, okay? Because I never get rewarded for taking a risk and maybe doing something spectacular for the country. But I will get punished if I do something bad, okay? So you have to realize there is a risk taking, it's not part of the DNA of the bureaucracy. So that's always going to give you problems with these projects. The second part is, and my pitch is, I'm not defending Michael Moore, I think he's a lunatic actually. But I do think it's hilarious because he has picked some really great stories. Let's go to the next one, the next slide. Okay, this is one of my favorites. I would have picked that one too. This was in his movie. I thought we should talk about it. Yeah, he spent a lot of time on this. So this is the Ivan Poff solar facility. This facility was actually a stationary source power generator.  You would shoot them to this facility which would raise the boiler and give you generate power. But of course, it took sometimes as much as four hours of natural gas in the morning to get it up and running. The other great thing about this facility is it's like any birds that flew over it were just got incinerated. So all the stuff the environmentalists are worried about, and that when they build the facility, and actually this came out in the movie, one of the problems with lots of renewable fuel is the energy source itself is not very dense. It's very undense if there's such a word, it has very low density. So you need a huge amount of land commitment. And so if you watch the movie, they are, I think they used about 3,500 acres for that project. It came in close to two and a half billion. DoD put 1.2 billion up in a loan guarantee. And it's a complete disaster, just a complete disaster. That technology is over by what, 10 or 15 years maybe more? That's fine, that's fine. But the point is, it was a bust. That technology didn't work. We had it here, you know. We had it in Hawaii. We had a substantial facility out in Columbia. You know what, here's a question for you. How much work could we have done with that two billion dollars on infectious diseases? Money has alternative uses. And if the government is going to piss away money, it ought to at least go through a process of review. And these projects were so popular, they continue to be so popular. Whether it's winds of that. I'm not here to defend the government, but I will say that. When you have an initiative where you don't know exactly what the technology is going to do for you, you have to try things out. You have to take risks. And the bureaucrats, as you say, you know, they sometimes get the risk mixed up. But the bottom line is, nobody knows for sure whether a given technology or project is actually going to work. And sometimes, more before than now, but sometimes these projects go bust, totally bust. Another piece in the film was a wind farm. Do you remember that? Yeah, you'll get to that. Actually, let's go to the next slide for a second. Next slide, please. Because I'm not really defending. Okay, so this is... And I'm not defending the bureaucracy myself. Now, as you've got the... Actually, do you have the slide of the... Okay, well, we can do this one now. There should be one. So I can't really read it. Let me just see if I can pull this up a little bit. It's bigger on my... Yeah, okay. So this... We have spent billions and billions of dollars around the world on, quote, renewable power, right? And so what happens when you see the data from the government? They say, yes, but look, we have 26% renewable electricity. Well, yes and no. Well, over half of that is a technology and a power system that's already in place. It's called hydropower. We are not building a lot of new hydropower anymore, right? This is legacy technology. So let's go back and look at the other... Third-world countries were building a ton of them. Yes. Sometimes ill-advised. The Mekong River is an example. Yeah, yeah. The Nile is another example. Right, but those are... These are huge projects. Those were mostly in the past, mostly in the past. Happening right now, happening right now. There have been a lot of articles about the Mekong and it's contentious. There's a lot of controversy about it. And the same thing with the Nile. There are threats of war over putting dams on the Nile. I'm not sure those projects are completed. At least the Mekong project is completed. But anyway, let's take a look at this. We have spent billions of dollars, right? And this is where we are. We have barely made a dent in real power. And why is that? Why doesn't renewable power dominate the development of energy? And it's because it's expensive and it doesn't have the density. It doesn't have the density that fossil fuels produce, or nuclear power produces, right? And until we solve that problem, we need to have an open debate about how much environmental damage we are willing to accept when we go through for these renewable projects. And I'll get to, I have some conclusions about this on the end. Let me add a footnote to that. Michael Moore goes into that in the movie on a number of occasions. And he says the carbon footprint for making a solar cell, making windmill very high. And you know, the environmentalist completely disagreed with that. His analysis, his numbers, his look in terms of the time dynamic is wrong. He's talking about efficiency levels that are 10 or 15 years old. Yeah, but he's criticizing solar today, where the efficiency levels are much better. No, I thought that was, he was off there. But I have seen life cycle analysis on electric vehicles and windmills. Which substantially reduce their net carbon reduction. But that's not really my complaint. My complaint is, is that when you proceed with a project, any kind of project, you should not have a unidimensional criteria for the environment. In other words, what happens in our society is, people have decided that, oh, if it has a climate benefit, it must be priceless. It must be priceless. And we don't really care about the other consequences, mining in the Congo, or the environmental damage from iron ore. So I'm just saying that when we proceed with these projects, we can't have a unidimensional view of what the externalities are. There are lots of externalities. They should be discussed, they should be presented, and they should be debated. And people should decide. But, you know, the problem there is that if you look at context, the context is the earth only has so many years before climate change wrecks the place. And that's clear as a scientific fact. Now, you can argue with me about the number of years, but like Joshua Fox and his little piece on this film said, 10 years and we were in deep kimchi. But it's going to be at some point, and you can deny the timeline, but you can't deny that it's happening. Look at all the changes in our environment, all over the world. It's happening all the time. And Trump, for example, denies it. It's incredible. That's the reason people are so excited about renewables. So what we should do is, we should look at all the apocalyptic forecasts of the last 30 years, and ask ourselves how many of those have actually come to pass. Because what is this about? This is a more fundamental issue. And the fundamental issue is that lots of people on the, I don't want to say the left, but let's say people with progressive instincts, they're also pessimists. Their outlook for humankind is very pessimistic. And you can see it in how they think about the future. They have no capacity to think about how man can adapt, how we can adjust, and how we can deal with these crises as they come up. Yes, we should plan for the future. But in fact, there is a consequence to planning your whole life against a worst case scenario. And let's go to the next slide for a second, because I do get to some conclusions eventually. Okay. Now, this is the one I loved when I saw Michael Morris movie. You guys, we have all these, you know, people who make, like I have them, you know, make 500,000 or a million bucks a year in California driving their Teslas. And they are so proud that they are saving the environment. Right. But no one ever asked, well, how do we get the cobalt and then make the lithium out of the cobalt? Oh, yes. We don't have to worry because there's plenty of cobalt in the Congo. Well, you know, that is actually one of the photos that was referred to in the magazine, the Forbes magazine article. And what's unfair about it is that you have this picture of these poor people doing digging, whatever they're doing in Africa, and the implication, that's what the criticism in the Forbes magazine article was. It's all these implications of horrible, horrible, terrible things going on. And, and it's not really connected. It's not logical. And there is, it's not evidence based. It's just intended to get you excited, intended to use that same. Child labor is a problem. Child labor is a problem. But that's not the issue of that cobalt. Well, give us child labor, but don't give us child labor for the, the suggestion that they're, that they were wasting children in order to do cobalt so that guys in California can drive their Teslas. What do you think the biggest killer of birds is in the, in the, in the US? Probably the guys with the shotguns in the South. No, it's cats. But no one has suggested getting rid of cats. Okay. It's cats. Windmills are up there. Windmills are up there. They're like number three after electric power lines. Now I think I have, I have one or two more slides. Let me see what we've got. I think we have the last slide here. Let me see if we can get that. Oh yeah. So I think, you know, what's the correct way to think about renewables? Let's put Michael Moore aside. I mean, his movie's a hoot. And I must say I was just, I never had so much fun as when I was watching it because I was, were you dismayed? Were you dismayed? I wasn't dismayed because I know who he is. I'm not, I was dismayed because I thought he was somebody different and he comes along with this, you know, actually nefarious kind of position on this and, and he tears up the environmental movement at a time when we can hardly afford to have the environmental movement torn up. So I'm thinking, why did he do that? Now what he says is I did it to create controversy. I did it so all you guys can talk about it. I did it so we can refresh the conversation at a time when everything is, is all about COVID. And maybe there's some truth in that, but it's still, as a matter of propaganda, as a matter of disinformation, this movie isn't doing anybody any service. No, I would agree. I mean, look, there's plenty of things wrong with that. I'm not defending Michael Moore, God forbid. Look, he's upset that all these capitalists put money into renewables. He should be happy about that. But he describes this conspiratorial thing among them, which we know, you and me know, that's not true. I thought it was hilarious that, that the Sierra Club has this like solar facility onto where they work with to make money and they got money to try to get rid of coal. Right. They made all these deals with the gas. Right. That's nefarious, nefarious intentions by the Sierra Club. I want to get to my last, my last slide, my last point here on how we should, how an analyst or someone who's kind of sober in their thinking. So let's see that last slide here and get it up. Yeah. So, okay. So what's the correct, first on the left side, I want you to see here what the different, and what things cost is important. I just need people in the environmental community to start thinking about what things cost. We can't do things just because they sound good or they feel good. We need to find things that are cost effective. And I think what's interesting, these are the $20, $17 per ton for different kinds of technologies and things. And what, what I noticed when I've been involved in all this stuff is that there's little attention to it. If you go to some state official, the government says, I want to do this and it'll reduce carbon. No one, there's a, well, does it cost a lot? No one even asked that question anymore. Oh, that sounds great. Let's do it. And so that gives us this wacky system where we're spending gazillions of dollars for one kind of thing and very low for something else. We forgot what we're here for. We're here, you know, so I, I do think that's a real issue. Now Michael Moore's not talking about that. So, so one of the things, so a couple of items that, you know, I think need to go forward on this thing that I take, that I would take out of the Moore film is one, okay, let's put these projects under some hard-headed analysis. Let's not just say if it's a renewable, it must be wonderful. We got to stop that, right? We have to think about the old, we can't have a unit dimensional view of the world. We can't say we're going to do a project because it's good for climate. Oh, it's bad for water or, you know, it kills all the birds. That's okay because we know that reducing carbon is priceless. And all these other environmental values are worthless. We can't have that kind of strategy anymore. We have to have something that's balanced that looks at the whole realm of environmental consequences. And we have a project that's taken up 5,000 acres chopping up gazillions of Joshua trees. Well, we ought to ask ourselves, is it worth it? That's really all I'm saying about this. I'm not really defending Moore. I think what Moore did is provoked a lot of people. I agree with you. And then finally, and this is a theme I've been trying. I've noticed if you read the literature and a lot of the environmental community, they are equating COVID-19 to climate. They see it as the same thing. We now have 30 million people. I think we're going to have 30 million people out of work in the U.S. We have environmental groups that say, can't you see how nice the air is? This is the world we should live in. Let me tell you, it is not politically stable. It is not politically prospective in any way for the United States to have 30 million people out of work. For the state of Hawaii to never allow tourists to come back. All these things people are talking about, that some of the government can just dole out money and we're all going to be fine. The government doesn't have any money. They're borrowing this money. And their ability to borrow this money is going to come to an end very fast. Because if we don't have an active, viable, growing economy, we're not going to be able to borrow money. And I think, yeah, you can say, oh, well, we need to stay locked down and we'll get all the environmental benefits. It'll just be like the Green New Deal. I don't think so. I think people are going to be fine. No question about it. We're in a new time here. And the health, public health is different. And of course, so are the economics. But the one thing that's constant is climate change. Anyway, next time, Lou, Lou Polirisci and I are going to tell you how we really feel. I'm still looking forward to our next discussion. Because I know there'll be all kinds of news between now and then. And we can trip off that. Thank you so much. All right, Jake. Have these conversations. Aloha. Stay well. Aloha.


There's a term that I've been playing with called light marketing. I would like to know what you think about this as I talk through this idea with you. So, are any of you fans of Star Wars? I wouldn't call myself a big fan of Star Wars, but I do appreciate and benefit from some of the concepts and characters in that series. And one of the most profound concepts that has affected so many of us is the idea of the light side of the force and the dark side of the force. And that the potentiality is within each of us. There's both a light side and a dark side. And so this is partly what I mean when I say light marketing. I don't mean that marketing is somehow ineffective or it's somehow like less good than less, you know, powerful or effective than other forms of marketing. But I do mean marketing from the light side of the force. That's one meaning and I'll give you another meaning later in this video. So what do you think about that? What might it mean for you to grow your business to get the word out about your services, your products, your message, your presence, your caring from the light side of the force instead of from the dark side of the force. This is actually really important for you to understand and decide, like make a decision between the between the two. You might say it's sort of, yeah, it's serving the dark side versus serving the light side. Now why, you might say why would anybody serve the dark side of the force? Well, I mean, just watch any, any, well, I was going to say watch any part of the Star Wars series or just watch any movie really like most movies are morality tales of people who make decisions, you know, for the good of the all and oneself. And oneself sort of like this integration or for primarily for the good of the self, especially short term good. And this is, have you ever heard of a sales funnel, marketing funnel. I'm not saying all sales funnels are evil. The sales funnel idea I think at the core is evil. At the core. It's about how do we cleverly manipulate some, I was going to say person, but they don't even think of them as person they think of them as a unit, or as a number or as a lead. How do you manipulate a lead from one side of the funnel to the other side until they convert into a buyer. Now, let me ask you this question. Do you, how do you feel if you knew that you were being led and manipulated without your consent and without your knowledge. That's the thing. If sales funnels were transparent, and that's a little bit better to say, All right, you're going to go through these series of emails, and we intend for you to become a buyer at the end.  It's not the best name, but you get what I mean, it's like, if, or, you know, I used to work in a graduate program used to help to sell a graduate program, work in the administration and we had open houses. We had information nights basically open houses information nights where potential students understood very well that we came here, they're coming here to be sold about the program. Like, they're here to learn about the program and they understand we probably want them to apply and you know the more applicants the better so it was pretty transparent that it was a sales call. It was a sales event. But most sales funnels are not transparent. And you think you're getting something for free.  Gosh, they just do this, you know, they, right. It's really like ridiculous like, oh, they just love being generous giving me a free thing. Yeah, right. Right. Yeah, they really are they really from the light side of the force know most websites and sales funnels, unknowingly, a lot of potential bad eyes are being trained on the dark side of the force because that's most marketing training. That's why I've been talking about the stuff for years to say, now I have some more language and analogy or metaphor, which one is analogy metaphor for this, which is light side versus dark side of the force. Now, again, back to the question, why would anyone go to the dark side of the force, because it's convenient, and it makes them money with in a more trackable way sooner. This is the danger. Right. I was talking to a marketing team recently, and I was talking about this idea and I felt like it's hard to communicate this idea because the marketing team is like, well, George, how do we track your authentic marketing ideas. It sounds all virtuous and good and, but what you're saying talking about is a more long term relationship building it's hard to track, whether they become is that you have to track multi channel because they might, they might, you know, you might be trying to muscle them on on on social media but then they eventually buy here and sometimes that tracking breaks and we don't know. It's true. It's harder to track the light side of the force. And it's, it's easier and more controllable to track the dark side. I mean, the dark side is more easily control because you can kind of like, or you essentially you're manipulating people from one end to the other end because we're talking about marketing here. You know, and so the kind so so dark force marketing includes most sales funnel types of trainings, most neuro marketing. Have you heard this term. I just can't believe people transparently say, we are teaching neuro marketing. Do you know what that means. Yes, we do we what we're doing is we're using human psychology and your neuro science to manipulate our audience to be more proactive and doing what we want them to do.   And then these marketers like exactly hypnotic marketing that's what I want to do. I mean, I, there are literally, you know, influencers and people who teach hypnotic marketing, as if it was a good thing. No, it's not. I mean, it's effective. See, this is all this is, I guess, why would why do people go to the dark side, because it's effective. It's trackable sooner than the light side of things. The problem with the light side is it takes damn patience. The problem with the light side is it's harder to track. For example, it's harder for me. I've always had a difficult time creating case studies with clients because people will come to me years later and say I'm so glad I, I'm so glad I followed your guidance or that your guidance inspired my own guidance or whatever it's almost like I have to wait until the end of this life and the next life when there's a near death or life review and then they'll see okay the ripple effects I created with the light side stuff but it's like, it's hard to track man. It's it's not easy to go. And it's it's harder for me to have hyped up testimonials from people say I joined George's course and within three days I made $250,000 or something like that. Where's the dark side stuff tends to be more likely to do so. Now you might say George why don't we just go to the dark side for a while, make some money, and then we'll do light side stuff. Why don't we do dark side marketing. But then when clients come to us and start working with us then then we will be all light force and Yoda and and Jedi good good Jedi with them right. It's not how it works. Because you're you're you're you're already thinking about means to an end. And that my friends is the beginning of wrongdoing. And that is the seed, which evil begins is means to an end. I'm just going to do this thing that feels questionable or that doesn't feel authentic to me to my higher self, because it works. It gets gets me clients it gets me traffic George I mean don't be so prude, you know prudish about it George just, we just got to get traffic, we got to get clients, because we know when we do our work, our deep work with them it's it's very healing. It's very informational. I get I understand you're very tempted by the dark side marketing stuff. neuro marketing sales funnels persuasion psychology. What else what else is there. You know, scarcity tactics sales calls that are that are scripted. Yeah, it's not authentic, but you know that you can say these things there's magic words that are kind of like casting spells on people hypnotizing them towards buying a copywriting a lot of copywriting unfortunately in my opinion is dark side stuff. Not that there aren't light side copywriters there are some of you are watching this and please comment below if you are but it's plenty of dark side copywriting and like, oh, a piece of content you're writing a piece of content but then at the end is like this is why you should hire me. I'm not saying that's always evil but it often doesn't feel right why, because we're encountering the dark side of the force. And so, let me now move from the dark side of the force talking about that to the light side of the force, the light marketing light light side marketing. Coming to the understanding that. Well, everything is made of light, or everything has the potential or the seed of light within it, which means we when we're doing light side marketing or light marketing we're calling forth the light from our audience. And we are, of course, activating the light within ourselves, which then calls forth the light from our audience. And how do we do that, what does that mean. Well, light marketing is this Venn diagram, the sweet spot of genuinely exploring yourself through public journaling. Public journaling can be through writing or through video or podcast or art or whatever but publicly sharing your explorations of yourself. Now here's the key with intention to serve humanity. No matter if someone needs somebody buys or matter, no matter if your audience buys that intersection of service to self with a capital as higher self, okay service to self capital as higher self and service to other. That intersection is light marketing. It's like marketing. Now if you don't only serve only service to your higher self that's personal development only service to humanity that's, you know, nonprofit, not, you can do not like marketing with nonprofits but that's completely volunteer and non marketing. It's just completely volunteer if it's just service to other and service to humanity it's just like, I don't have anything to sell nothing at all. No product no service I don't have any intention even of you ever buying anything. It's all volunteering right that's fine.  That intersection is light marketing. So it's about and so a couple principles to this is light marketing is patient. It's kind. It's loving. Look at the be attitudes look at the be attitude it's basically all that. And it's, like I said it's patient. So here's a question for you. This is this is hard. This is hard. I mean this, if light, the light side of the force were easy everyone would be the light side of the force but in this world of limitation of needing to pay the rent next month, even if needing to buy food, so that or she'll die in this play in on this stage called third dimensional earth school. Okay, where you have to play with these limitations, and these urgencies, these scarcities natural physical scarcities. We naturally gravitate towards dark side methods because like I said, it's more trackable sooner that you benefit yourself that you're able to pay the rent and buy food and bubble and George don't you want us to buy food and pay of course I do. And this is why it's hard for me to because in my own coaching and training I, I have to I have to keep, keep on noticing within myself the advice that I'm giving the, the guidance that I'm giving to my clients and students it's like, I want to help them pay the rent and, and secure their long term financial future. And yet, I also want to inspire the light side patients within them to say, Hey, if I, if I put out this content for a year. George you're telling me that you're telling me to put out content consistently for a year and not have any guarantees I'll make even a dollar from it.  What are you talking about. And I say, Yes, that's that's at the core what I'm talking about in terms of the principle of non attachment. Yes. And we're going to be diligent also about consistently making our offers. Still with non attachment, but the principle of combining non attachment with diligent service to the other means that eventually with enough practice, you come to understanding. And that's what they want. That's what they're paying for, because that's what they told me this is market research I you've probably heard me talk about the crucial practice of market research that's one of my eight practices of authentic business market research, creating aligned offers in other words, because if you're going to sell something I mean I know some of you are so passionate about your modality. You're so passionate about your fill in the blank skill or, or tool that you want to give to people. And yet they don't want it. I'm sorry they're not going to pay for it. Unless you meet them where they're at and saying why does this modality of yours this skill of yours. Fulfill a want that I currently have otherwise why should I pay you for I know you're passionate about your skill, because you have the entire context of your life that you've developed all these skills to solve your own problems and to then to reach new heights of understanding that's fine but I don't have that context of your life. I'm thinking about my own problems right now. I'm thinking about my own wants. I have I have thinking about my own goals. If you're not going to meet me where I'm at I'm not going to give you a dollar. Sorry. That's market research right so it's like the light side says yes there's patients and continuing to serve humanity through our explorations of experiences serving humanity. Yes, we keep doing that to build trust and to grow our reach. At the same time, we need to use the light side marketing to also lightly. That's the key that's part of the light side marking to lightly offer to say oh this thing better work I've spent 10 years learning this modality. And I'm going to put together this amazing program and George you're going to help me market it you're going to help me make a perfect website and just put it out there and it better work and people better feel the. No, that's not how light marketing works. I marketing understands that you were not going to pressure anybody into anything, because that's already the dark side stuff that's already mind control and manipulation. What we are doing is we are humbly and with non attachment sharing and inviting and they and knowing that they can. Most people might say no, because just like Yoda, right or the light side teachers. Again, I'm not, I haven't watched a lot of Star Wars, but not everybody goes to Yoda. Not everybody goes to the light side of the market light side of the force guides. It's almost like you have to find them. To be honest, they probably need to do better marketing. The light side needs to do a little bit better marketing a little bit more content, whatever but it's it's it's not as loud or as empire as the dark side so sometimes when people people talk about building an empire with their business I'm like the empire strikes back you mean that kind of empire. It's like this is what I don't notice I don't use the word empire. I don't build empire I never I never did because I always felt wrong to me like when you mean empire. Are you an emperor. Are you do you want to control people. But that's what they want.  You can't look back anymore. Sorry. The mainstream marketing wants to control their audience to say I tell you to do this and you do it. I say jump you say how high I say buy this product you say how much should I pay you. I say, you know, I mean even consuming my course content. I say you better consume my course content you said great how long should I take and I will follow your instructions to the T. That is the opposite of encouraging free will. Of course I want my students to consume my courses but I'm not going to force them I'm just going to invite them and say alright and now I'll create I'll create healthy boundaries around it. You know, and of course I want people to buy my courses but only if they genuinely want to have their own free will and that's why you've noticed my sales pages when I sell stuff to you my web pages that sell stuff I try to be almost boring.  I'm spending more time on content and creating better products and services. I think it's dangerous to spend too much time on marketing that because that ends up being the dark side. No really, especially as a solopreneur I mean if you have a marketing team that's different. Those of you who have a marketing team you're very lucky. And still even a marketing team to spend more, spend more time on the light side of marketing, too much time on the dark side stuff. Like as a solopreneur more time I spend trying to convince you to buy this or that the less time and energy I have to improve my product and service so that you'll naturally want to buy it because it meets you where you're at and it really really does an excellent job of serving you. So, I hope you get a sense now of this very important decision each of us makes, not just one time by the way, we make it every time. We put something out there. Every time we create a piece of content or make an offer we are making the decision about am I a lot of lying myself with it with the light side of the force, or am I just going for the dark side because no I can control people better this way. It's up to you. I hope this is inspiring. And I really do look forward to seeing your comments below. Thank you for joining me.


Now let's explore the admin dashboard. Think of the admin dashboard as your virtual portal into your school where you can add admin, teachers, students in classes, control school-wide settings for use, review school analytics, and interact personally with the learning happening in your school. To access the admin dashboard, click on the Seesaw for Schools Administrator. This is your admin dashboard.  Get weekly engagement metrics on the Overview tab. Here you will see the total number of new posts, comments, likes, and parent visits appear across the top for the last seven days. In the recently added items, you can see a random sampling of 28 items that have been added over the past seven days. One of the quickest and easiest ways to start engaging in your school's learning is by engaging with a recently added post. You can like and or comment on a post directly from this page. This is a great first step to beginning to establish a presence in your online classrooms and start building a stronger relationship with teachers and students. This is also a great way to quickly see and celebrate those teachers that are highly engaged in Seesaw. As we saw earlier, teachers access the school and district library via the green Add button in their Seesaw Journal. You access your school and district activity library by clicking on this tab under Admin Tools. As a reminder, this is where you will find all of the activities that have been shared by teachers in your school or district. When you click Get Families Data and Invite Families, you can enable, disable, or let teachers decide to grant family access. From this point, there are two options. Let your teachers send the family invites via a link or printout, or the admin can download a CSV with connected family data and invite links for each student in the school. We recommend having teachers invite family members. In the classes tab, you are able to see all family visits and posts added to a class over the past 28 days, as well as the total number of posts for each class. You can use the arrows under each metric to filter. You might want to filter by post added to celebrate classes going above and beyond, which classes are using CSAW, and who has families connected. This is a great place to look and celebrate the successes of those classes and their efforts. From this tab, you can also visit and engage with specific classes by clicking on the name of the class. The Teacher tab shows you the last sign-in day for each teacher in your dashboard. You can also see which teachers are a part of your CSAW professional learning community, such as ambassadors, CSAW certified educators, and pioneers. You can reach out to your CSAW leaders to brainstorm ways to support low-engage teachers. From this tab, you can also visit and engage with specific classes by clicking on the name of the teacher. Either of these options will take you to the journal view for the class you selected. In the class view, you can scroll through the journal to see all the work posted to the class, or you can click on a student name on the right to view work by student. If you have a meeting with a parent and want to highlight the amazing work their student has been doing, you can easily find that student's work in one click. Here, you can also virtually engage with student work by clicking the like button or leaving a typed or audio comment on a post. A like or a comment really can go a long way. Students thrive when they receive positive encouragement from the adults in their lives. Even a few interactions a day strengthens your relationships with students. You can easily switch back to your admin dashboard by clicking on the profile icon and the top left of your CSAW admin dashboard and tapping on your dashboard name. Mentors in the Students tab help you see family engagement by student. You can search by student name and student ID and also click on the student's name to see their portfolio. In the Students tab, you may want to filter by connected parents to see which students still need a family member connected to their account. Then you can provide support to get those families connected. Metrics in the Families tab help you see connected family members. Click on a family member's name to view the family profile. We recommend that teachers directly invite families to connect. As an administrator, you can provide additional support if needed by bulk updating families. Follow the instructions to upload a list of family connections. Don't worry, if an existing family member appears on the import, admin inviting additional families with the bulk tool will not change anything for already connected family members. This saves teachers time and ensures all families have the opportunity to connect to their child in CSAW. In the Skills tab, you can upload school-wide skills to support teachers using CSAW for formative assessment. You can find and use our existing skills templates or you can create your own by following our guides in our help center. If you choose to upload skills to your dashboard, teachers will have the ability to tag skills to activities and USA administrator will have the ability to go into a class and view progress by clicking the graduation cap. Here you can see how teachers are tracking mastery towards learning standards. For all-time engagement metrics, click on the Analytics tab. Here you can sort the data by date, going all the way back to the beginning of the year. You can sort by term or year. It's amazing to see these numbers grow over the course of the year. In this tab, you can also track the number of family visits. You can see how these numbers change over the course of the term or year. This data allows you to understand in real time if you're meeting your family engagement goals for your school and understand CSAW's impact on improving the home school connection at your school. A weekly email is sent to all school admin that highlights the engagement for the week. This allows you to see who is using CSAW the most and who needs more support. Continue to part three to learn about CSAW messages.