Cool. We are live. Thanks. Hi everyone. I will give people about a minute to settle in and then we'll get started. Hello everyone. I'm going to get started. Welcome to the fourth out of four sessions of our annual plan conversation series. We're closing the series today talking with the communications department and we have a number of people from the department joining us. I have a total of four leaders from the communications department and I'll have them all introduce themselves in a minute. As for me, I am Elena Lapin senior communication specialist at the Wikimedia foundation based in the San Francisco Bay Area. I'll be facilitating today. Hello to those of you who are here with us in the Zoom room and to those streaming live on YouTube and of course to anyone watching the recording in the future. My quick feel about why we're here today. Today's session is part of a series of open conversations between executives and senior leaders of the foundation and the rest of the movement to talk about the foundation's annual plan. It was finalized and released earlier this month and it's on meta available for review for anybody. In this session you'll be able to ask questions about what's in the annual plan, share comments and ideas and get aligned for your work on the year ahead. I'm covered by the friendly space policy and so we welcome any and all questions you might have that are asked with curiosity and asked with civility. In terms of how today's hour will be structured. First I'll ask the four speakers that we have to introduce themselves, and then we'll watch a few minutes of the communications department's annual plan video. And then we'll have an overview of the topic of the work of the communications department under this annual plan, and then we'll have the rest of the time for open conversation. We have some questions that were submitted ahead of time, and I'll also be taking live questions from the zoom chat and from the YouTube chat. The Zoom room is welcome to add themselves to the speakers queue in order to unmute and ask a question live. Add yourself to the queue in chat. Using this, using this, rather than using my hand raised feature so that we can keep everything organized in chat. This meeting is being recorded and it'll be posted on the annual plan meta page afterwards. I'll also be posting a transcript. And if there are questions that we don't get to during the session. I'll make sure to provide answers to those on the annual plan meta page as well. I want to invite everyone in the zoom room to make sure that your screen name is what you'd like to be called during the session. You can change your name by clicking on the three dots in the top right corner of your square and clicking rename. Add your pronouns if you feel comfortable with that. Great. Okay, so now let's let the speakers introduce themselves. If each of you could say your name, where you're based and what your title is. That would be great. We'll start with a new show. Hi Elena. I'm super happy to be here with everyone. I'm Anisha Ali Khan senior director of communications at Wikimedia Foundation. My pronouns are she her hers. And as many of you may have heard from the note that went out Heather walls, the recently left the foundation so for the moment I'm taking on responsibilities of leading this incredible department across its movement communications brand marketing. And communications functions, both internal and external. My primary role as senior director of the communications team is to oversee communication strategy for ensuring that foundation work across partnerships technology policy and Wikimedia projects are known. Most importantly, of course, understood throughout the world so that we can strengthen trust and invite people to really engage and connect with the free knowledge movement. Thanks so much. Let's go to Nino next. Hi everyone. My name is Anthony no hammer or just Nino for shark pronoun is he him. I am the senior insights manager, currently leading the marketing team here at the communications department. Originally from Indonesia, but I'm based in Berlin, Germany. Thanks, Zach. Zach McCune here, director of brand fantastic to be with you all. My pronouns are he him. And I am joining you from a garden in Newport Rhode Island. This flag is not a golf flag. It's a crab flag. You put it up if you're going fishing for crab you might see it flap around. I'm really delighted to be with you all. Thanks, and hi to the crab flag to my your Hi everyone. I'm Major Paul. I'm the director of movement communications. I put in the zoom chat my meta page I'm hoping my colleagues will copy it over to YouTube as well so you can see me. Movement communications is a new team in the foundation so I'm hoping some of you're going to ask me a question about it and then I'll tell you a bit more about what does the team do later on. Oh, and I am based in the UK. I'm originally from India and my pronouns are he and him. Thanks so much. Great. And Anusha mentioned she forgot to say she's tuning in from Miami where she's based. Welcome everybody. Okay, good. So we will turn now to the annual plan segment of the annual plan video. As a reminder, all of the videos from all departments are posted on the annual plan meta page and we have subtitles in seven languages. So please if you find them interesting share them with your communities. And Heather walls chief creative officer of the Wikimedia Foundation and head of the communications department. This year's annual plan we are formalizing and growing the movement communications team. They are tasked with holding the important connection between the Wikimedia Foundation and our communities around the world. To begin putting in place regional representatives connections the ability to understand nuance and culture across our movement to provide a platform on diff for people to share their information in many languages and to just get just get better to increase trust between the Wikimedia Foundation and the community it is so important to us to do that. Great. So I want to open the question and answer session with the same question that I am fielding to everybody in these sessions. The annual plan video gives some like high level conceptual ideas about what we're working on under this annual plan. I would like to know from each of you, if, you know, if you all would like to share. Under this annual plan. concretely, what's one priority or project or initiative that represents a big change. And why is it relevant for the movement. We can start with a new shot. So yeah, you know, I think mayor can probably say more about that but I would say that probably the biggest change this year is that, you know, we have a newly constituted movement communications function at the foundation. And we plan on being very thoughtful and deliberate around our plans to make sure that the community understands our work and is connected with us. And we're really trying to build a strong base here for storytelling in the movement as well with platforms like diff. Also, and this is actually true not just of the movement communications team but I think all of the teams in in the communications department. We're trying to expand our presence with regional representatives in each area, we're going to be better at having their ear to the ground, especially amongst community and bring their perspectives on local issues and also as well as fundamentally speak the language. And so I think, in my opinion, that's the biggest change and mayor may want to say more there because I know everyone's very excited about movement communications. Thank you and you should know that covers a lot of it. I suppose just to give people a kind of practical example of what what is this new team doing. We do the things you know and love. So Wikimania, the team is supporting our core organizing team of volunteers that are kind of running Wikimania putting it on but we provide the sort of support to them to make the event happen. Things like Wikimedia of the year. You know, this is a kind of shameless plug on going from Wikimania make sure you register. This year will be bigger and better we want to celebrate our movement we want to celebrate the work that so many volunteers are doing across the world. And, you know, this year, you heard it here first. There won't be just one Wikimedia of the year there'll be many. So read more about it. I actually put a link about that in the chat so we do things that you know and love. We're also doing things kind of new things to help the foundation connect with the movement and for every team in the foundation to be able to talk to the movement so this conversation right now is being brought to you by members of the movement communications team. So have all the different annual plan conversations and we hope to do more. I often say to people, if this team was a Wikipedia article would be a stub. So we need your help to kind of make it better, you know, have have more things we can do so, so please, you know, do feel free to get in touch about what else we can do. And actually, hopefully my colleague Merdan has just put in the chat the link to finding out more about Wikimedia of the year so yeah. And I hope that's shared in the YouTube chat as well. Thanks for that. Zack, do you have anything that you want to spotlight under this year's annual plan that'll be a big difference for your team and what does that mean for the movement. Yes. So, in the last fiscal year, we focused on celebrating the movement as a global entity. And that really came through in the Wikipedia 20 celebrations. In this year, we're going to be focusing more on regional promotion of the Wikimedia movement and the Wikimedia projects. We're actually planning some outreach campaigns, along with Nino and Nino's team, we're planning to do three. And these will be collaborations with our community to help the movement show up in new visible ways within a region, which could be a country, it could be a set of language speakers could be a set of internet users. We've only decided on one of these the first, which is a collaboration with Wikimedia South Africa. So our first awareness campaign is going to be in South Africa and we are planning two more after that, all in the effort of promoting our movement on a regional level. So again, I think you're hearing that across my colleagues, right, we want to be more authentic and relatable at the regional level. We know that a lot has been done globally, but sometimes when you think just kind of in a broad sense you miss the nuance the opportunity and the ability to kind of start the really incredible work that happens every day within communities. So that's what we have planned on the brand studio side of things. Thanks for that. Great. And Nino, you want to talk about your team and what you'll be up to under this annual plan. Yes. Thank you. Not to drag this too long, but I just want to be in agreement here with both Alicia and Zach, a lot of exciting things coming up this year. And I think marketing support all these initiatives by starting the word that we did last year in terms of understanding the makeup of our global audience by conducting our global market research last year. And finally, now we are in a position to help the other teams like brand studio movement communication and communications to through data. And we can be more informed about the different communities and the makeup of nuances of many countries around the world. We're very excited about that. Thank you. Great. Yeah, we have a submitted question also asked a little bit more about marketing we'll get to that in a bit, but I will take next a question from the YouTube chat. What is the planned launch date for the calendar on diff. And I think before answering the planned launch date if you could explain what what is going on with the calendar on diff, and then talk about where we're at. So one of the kind of key problems people have often flagged to us. And I should say actually, earlier in the year to help improve the stuff that is movement communications we actually did a bit of research that Elaine actually worked on talking to over 100 week comedians across the movement asking them what are the kind of key challenges in how the foundation communicates with the movement how could we be better etc. The big feedback that kind of came back was around, you know how many different channels places etc you have to watch to make sure you kind of find everything out. Something might come to you on a meta page something might something else might come to you on a village bomb. It might be something said in a conversation like this like you have to be present in so many places. And it makes it really hard to keep track of sort of what is going on.  And decide where they want to engage we wanted to create this sort of single place. And so, for now kind of we've, we're working on our movement blog diff to create a like a calendar view where you can see by date for it to be searchable by topic interest etc. All these kind of different things consultations conversations like this other events and obviously movement members are welcome to put their own events as well. So, when will it be launched something we're working on. We were hoping actually to have a sort of beta launch this week, but we're still, you know, struggling with some technical hiccups so. So yeah so hope to have maybe in the next week or two have the calendar live. Early on we'll focus on trying to kind of get good events on there etc before we share with people to follow but it should be available publicly on the diff blog in the next few weeks. Thank you. Great so I have a submitted question that actually touches on the same idea of how many things we have going on across the movement at once and how it's hard to keep track of. There's been ongoing concern from communities with how many concurrent events and processes are going on, particularly from the foundation. I'm just doing to address this concern. I imagine the calendar is part of it, but do you want to speak about other things that the communications department is doing to help manage the timing of different opportunities. And it's a problem we're aware of and I think as the kind of foundation has grown and the desire to make sure we are working closely and co creating with the movement that desire sort of meets. You know there's just so much going on and if you want to co create with everyone on everything then suddenly there's a lot going on. So one of the things we're doing internally is a colleague of mine is helping different teams in the foundation coordinate so that we don't launch two things on the same day or have, you know two calls on the same day stuff that can seem difficult, but you know in a growing organization with, you know, processes that aren't sort of defined in advance because when you're co creating with people you don't really know what the next stage looks like so you've gotten through to stage one. So all these kind of different variables can make it really hard to have like, you know a year in advance like here's what we're going to do when. We're trying to do that sort of live and this calendar will give you a view into that so that you know you can be and we're doing more to be more organized. I do want to make a shameless plug, all of this is being driven by stuff you have told us, and I'll pop in the chat here, a link to the insights report, one of whose findings was for the foundation to coordinate better internally. I'm sure that when we communicate we're all in line, and I wonder whether one of my colleagues wants to also talk about internal comments here. Absolutely thanks Mayor yeah, you know just to put a fine point on a few things that Mayor said, part of what we're trying to do is essentially establish best practices for the foundation in terms of connecting with community but also for staff to connect with each other. We have two new terrific colleagues that have recently joined us that have a specialty and internal communications in particular. And so that will definitely, I think help with the staff to staff communications piece so that we're coordinating better across the organization as well. And we hope that will spill into the movement world. And the other thing that I wanted to highlight is again coming back to the regional presence, I think that the regional representatives that we're establishing are also really going to help us in order to reach communities where they are.  And so we want to help fix that. Thank you. Great, I want to take another question from the YouTube chat which is about open source communication tools. So any plans to help the movement communicate using open source tools to become less dependent on things like zoom, Remo and other proprietary tools. I can come in and maybe others might want to add to this. And I want to say upfront, you know, our preferred medium where possible is open source tools. It is a challenge we have to manage every day with there are sometimes things we want to do where the best technology fit isn't open source. This conversation right now. By doing it through zoom we're able to have people join us in the room we're able to share it live on YouTube where you can run auto translations and I know some people do that with things like this. It's not perfect but it's a term I've learned since I've joined at the foundation a polarity like so it's something we're trying to manage the kind of ease of use so that people can engage with us with wanting things to be open source so I want to say we don't pick these tools. Just because like there's a lot of thinking that goes on. Often there's like special contracts that are negotiated again. I don't know if you know people know that but often when the foundation kind of gets a new tool or is using a tool on behalf of the movement we've negotiated special contracts that kind of are more respectful of privacy than kind of the generic boilerplate you would get on their website. So, yeah, it's one of those things where we're trying to manage a polarity between making it easy for people to engage, versus wanting to support kind of open source tools and using them ourselves. I'll hand over to anyone. I think Zach has a thing to add. Yeah, I wanted to add that the brand studio team in making design items or video items or audio items. We try to always make sure that we release everything created in an open source format. And that means that regardless of what design tool you're using, you can make use of it. And a good example would be the recent materials created for Wikipedia 20. And again, that's, that's a situation where if you're using an Adobe design product you can open it, you're using Figma, you can open it, or you could be using GIMP or Inkscape, there's a lot of programs that are free to use and open source. And one way that I'd say this department does work to to engage a variety of open source communities is that we make things available in easy to use open source formats. And it's also even a design constraint when we select fonts, typefaces, colors, things for events like Wikipedia we're always trying to make sure that these materials can be easily accessed, reused and remixed. Great. So let's turn to some of the some of the texts that's in the annual plan that falls under communications. One of the objectives listed in the annual plan this year is about strengthening the narrative of Wikipedia globally. And this question is just what does the narrative of Wikipedia me. Yeah, I'm happy to take that. And I'm sure my colleagues have thoughts here too. So, one of my favorite authors John Steinbeck said that a great and interesting story is about everyone, or it will not last. So for us, the narrative of Wikipedia is really simply about showing the world interesting ways through storytelling or visuals or opinion and thought pieces or even like a fun and quirky or serious social media post about Wikipedia's personality and how it connects to their everyday lives. That's essentially how I would describe narrative, but I don't know if other folks have thoughts. Well as a quick follow up what, why do we care about that exactly why is why is connecting Wikipedia to people's lives important for what we're trying to accomplish as a movement. Absolutely. So, you know, I think this really goes back to the way that we're trying to build brand in the world and that can be taken from so many different angles. So it's really aligned with the work we're already doing to make sure that the foundation work and the work of our projects is known across the world. And, you know, just as communications examples for some of that we're publishing, you know, publicizing how volunteers are helping to get more people more trustworthy knowledge around the pandemic so that more people can turn to Wikipedia as a resource and understand our work better. The partnership we did with WHO back in the fall and the communications around that partnership is another example project rewrite which is you know bringing more attention to the work that volunteers are doing around the gender gap or others. And we're also working really hard with our policy team to make sure that Wikipedia is seen as influential amongst decision makers and partners so that they can work to protect free knowledge from things like censorship and privacy issues and copyright and regulation. And so strengthening the narrative is really about protecting the infrastructure of free knowledge worldwide and in the future. That's why it's critically important. Could I add Elena. Yes, this is, I think that's, these are such critical points. So it's like your, I think a lot of times we should remember as a movement that our, our reputation precedes us in a lot of conversations. And we want to make sure that that reputation is strong, that it's favorable, that it reflects our values, and that it's accurate. I think many community members have approached the foundations communications team in years past and told us about scenarios where they've approached press government, sometimes other nonprofit grant making bodies and heard concerns about Wikimedia or Wikipedia. And that's a situation where the work we do in communications is meant to be a, a lifting tide for every effort we make people think of our organization as standing for the right things, being concerned about human participation and respect to our users for example around topics that we should mentioned like privacy. So we really want to make sure that when we strengthen the world by their it's really about saying people have heard the right things about Wikimedia and Wikipedia, so that when we start conversations or start initiatives. People are already thinking the right things about us the things we want them to think about and we spend less time settling misunderstandings. Thank you. So I have another question pertaining to the, like vocabulary that we use an annual plan and helping community members decode that. What does increasing brand awareness mean so that term shows up in our objectives and I think that's a recurring objective that we have. That's a priority obviously from medium term plan. So what does it mean to increase brand awareness. And then the second part of this question is about the brand project specifically that the community express serious concerns with an even opposition to rebranding. Why is a priority around brand awareness still there. I'm ready. Yeah, let's talk about it. So when we say brand awareness, we're really talking about awareness of the Wikimedia movement and of Wikimedia projects. That's really what we're talking about. And that's different than making changes to names or logos, which would be a part of the brand project. So we want to increase global understanding of our movement. We want to increase global familiarity with our projects and global care, like positive feelings for the work we do so that you want to join our movement and be a contributor to free knowledge, possibly a donor or a funder. There's just so many ways we want to bring people into the movement and so we use brand awareness as a phrase to refer to awareness of the movement and our values and the projects that express these values. The brand project has been paused now for about one year. It was a project that sought to adjust and change some of our branding materials. And that's been paused for a year now. Our board has convened a reconsideration of that project and it's brought in community advisors from across the movement to think about how that should be shifted. And it will be shifted that I can, I can definitely say so it's been paused. The project, it's, and its outputs will be adjusted and changed based on feedback. And we're expecting that there'll be a resolution on this from our board in the second quarter of the year, which is the September, October timeframe. You know, do you want to add in on this. Yeah, thanks. I want to weigh in a bit on the first part of the exact answer on brand awareness and how we're conducting that measurement. So, since last year about this time last year, we have started running some surveys in some markets in order to measure brand awareness and start to explain it. This includes both added awareness in some markets. And the reason behind this is that historically we have not conducted a comprehensive study, which can produce a comparable benchmark. What this means is that previously we couldn't make an informed comparative analysis as to why certain things are happening and how they relate to one another. So, enter the brand awareness measurement project, which currently we are in the process of evolving, involving the way we measure awareness by expanding the parameters beyond awareness only as awareness itself is just one parameter. So we're moving directly into perception of values. Our hypothesis here is that the more we can connect our values and mission to our audiences in these countries, the deeper involvement and advocacy would be. But obviously first before we even get there, we need to track this parameters, what are the current pulses and perceptions, what do people already know about us, how does it resonate with them and so forth. So we are committed to sustainably track this over the next year of few years to create a much better pictures and we're starting this work this quarter. Thanks as a follow up to that. Do you already, Nino have particular markets that you're focusing on as the initial markets for understanding awareness of values of Wikimedia. Yes, yes, we do. So currently we have several focus markets across all regions of the world. In Africa, we are focusing in Nigeria, South Africa, and Egypt. Obviously, we can argue here whether the region groupings here but we'll take that offline as opposed. In Asia, India, Indonesia, Philippines and South Korea. In Europe and of America, Russia, Germany, in the States, in Latin America, Brazil and Mexico. Can you share a little about how those were selected I'm personally curious. Yeah, of course. So this relates to how we approach Mark focus markets right in general, when we approach new countries to focus on me primarily refer to our 2020 global market research which the marketing team conducted last year. Research looked to understand the brand's relation with the world today. And by looking at the makeup of our global readership, the readership sizes, and that many countries extent, and how that relationship might look like in the near or midterm future. The research give us the research that was done gives us obviously a much more important picture and it was done important to note that it was done from a more purely numbers point of view. This brought in some of these challenges to the table, such as there is a certain bias in the end towards countries that has a much larger population and that tend to skew things, the order of things. So this is where we then mix the data that we have with other external data sets, such as community data points of the number of articles or edits languages readiness to editors, community size, etc. This then gives us a more a much more considerate global picture. We also realized that, of course, numbers alone cannot make some of these decisions here. We have other collect software consideration, such as diversity, equality and positivity factors. This is why our focus this coming year in this area is to enrich our data with such data points to ensure that it is as complete as possible. Only then can we be as important as possible. I hope that answers the question. Totally answers it fascinating. Thank you. Great. I want to take another question from the YouTube chat, which is about readership. Can you share about knowledge as a service and what the foundation does in terms of increasing site utility for readers. I'm going to hazard a guest, the communications department may not be best place to answer this there is a lot of work done through other departments and maybe we need to take this question away and come back to you on our top page, unless any of my colleagues can speak to it but I think this is sort of beyond our another term I learned at the foundation wheelhouse. I was going to agree with you, Mayor, but I did, you know, at least want to do in reference to product a plug that the communications department is going to be working very closely with product this year and you may have already seen from some of the great stories that came out on on our desktop refresh and when that essentially becomes official which is all about of course product and platform evolution. We are going to be using our communications have to make sure that people around the world understand that Wikipedia is being refreshed in order to essentially go with the evolution that we've seen and heard again. From both our movement community and from some of the research that Nino's team and marketing has surfaced about, you know, what Wikipedia should look like next. If I may quickly just to add into that 100% correct, Anusha, we in the marketing team, surely in terms of data and market insights for different countries that we have, we are working very closely with the product teams on finding out what is the next possible you can feel and to the question I think directly increase the site utility. Thank you. Another question from the YouTube chat. Sometimes the foundation mentions the sustainable development goals and their importance. The question is, are you using those goals internally in kind of a systematic way at all or has it been more of an ad hoc approach so far. I would say so. First of all, the first Wikipedia that I ever attended in Stockholm, you know, the SDGs played a starring role because of course the theme centered on the SDGs. I think that what we're doing on the communications front when it comes to those is really trying to make the connection with one free knowledge and human rights and free knowledge as a human right in particular, and also connect what the foundation essentially has identified as goals that people worldwide care about. Some of them we have more overlap than others of course all of the work that volunteers in particular are doing with gender equity. Those are things that we're trying to highlight and showcase and send out into the world. Similarly, you know, internally, we have taken a big look at climate change and how our own practices and sustainability, either helping or harming worldwide efforts around climate change and I know that there is also a recent partnership we did directly with UN human rights that in particular highlighted climate change as a priority for the foundation, again in partnership with an outside entity, I really think that the, and I could be editorializing here a little bit so fair with me but I really think that our connection with the SDGs is going to be increasingly more important as we connect with civil society groups as we connect with other UN groups as partners, and basically making the connection that the SDGs are all the more successful when people know about them. And so I think that there's tremendous overlap with our social good work and the potential we have for sort of underlining that through communications campaigns and larger awareness campaigns. Thanks. I have a question that touches on communications campaigns, generally, and this idea of elevating community spokespeople which you touched on in your last answer in Dusha. How does communications balance elevating community spokespeople and community achievements with using foundation spokespeople. Are there kind of internal ideas or guidelines that you use to strike that balance. Absolutely. So, it does depend on the issue. But as folks, I'm sure can see from our 20th birthday work. We were very focused on including community voices and our articles, and particularly on work, like closing the gender gap that we know is really directly being led by incredible community groups. And that stands out as an article in Glamour. I'll drop the link in after I finish speaking where, you know, for different community members were essentially profiles for the work that they were doing in that area. We also did that for our recent work in the MENA region. And also, if we get a question about how content is built or governed, often we're going to pull in a volunteer to answer those questions. Of course, as long as it's a friendly inquiry, because, you know, we do want to protect our volunteers from sort of press that we can on the sort of negative end, we also are really working hard to balance protecting the privacy of our volunteers and their time. And of course, getting their full buy and first before proceeding with any of those types of connections. But overall, you know, our priority from the perspective of the comms team and I'm sure the whole department is really pushing forward movement voices on movement led projects. And so we do that as far as we can. Thanks. I have a question also related to that about equity around the type of movement voices that get amplified on foundation channels. What is the foundation doing to help improve and engage with smaller wiki communities that may not speak English that don't typically get featured on foundation social media or on the foundation blog. If we're going to be elevating people in an equitable way. Seems like there's improvement room for improvement in that realm. What are we going to do under this annual plan. Yeah, I was going to say probably, yeah, I was just going to again highlight that that's why, you know, the regional officers are a huge priority for us but I'll pass to mayor to say more and more deeply answer that question. I think that question really surfaces a real big issue for a global movement like ours. Traditionally, most of the work we do is in English conversations are like that are like this are in English which means if you speak English then you're more likely to get featured in things etc because people in the foundation know you. And we want to move to a place where you know the foundation has multi lingual multicultural communications. So for those who don't understand those three, if you want to come talk to us in Hindi, we should be able to talk to you in Hindi. If you want to discuss something in Punjabi or bring to us a problem in order to we should have that capability. And that's what Anusha was talking about previously in the department we want to build. You know, a kind of a global team that speaks different languages is based in different parts of the world understands the context that we comedians are working in and you know they understand the wiki way of approaching and highlighting issues etc so that's you know we want to be closer to our movement in that way and you know whether it's in movement comms or in the comms team or other parts of the brand team etc that's what we're aiming for. So, and I kind of circle back to the actual question so and you know by doing that, we will be then able to engage with kind of smaller communities profile their work because we'll have a better understanding because we'll speak those languages understand those issues. And be able to amplify and promote the incredible work that is already happening. So we need to catch up. Thank you. Okay, great. I want to turn actually back to marketing as a topic quickly. And, you know, I think you, you partially answered this question already but I think that there's more in there to answer questions just generally, what kind of marketing does the foundation do and why is marketing important for a social movement. And I know that you already talked about like understanding levels of brand awareness and our target markets and specifically understanding the levels of awareness around we can use values. But I think there's more that you could probably say about, like, why marketing, how does it serve the movement. Where do I start. Yeah, great question and I'm glad you asked for the thanks for the opportunity to explain a bit more. So marketing here is definitely not a comparable function as you would have it in most, if not all other workplaces or companies. The way we approach marketing here is to use the function to better understand the communities within the countries that we are serving globally. We use data, both qualitative and quantitative to deepen our understanding of the different values, which countries have and use that to also understand the gaps of knowledge that exists between them and why. With each additional data point, we can then paint a better picture of where we can deliver impact more sufficiently impact will be different from country to country as from community to community. In this sense, marketing is an outreach tool for us to better serve our mission, tell people what we are doing, get a message just to people who don't know us, and get people excited about our work. I'll stop there, I think.  You know, we're really in an environment where any purveyor of knowledge or information is coming under scrutiny because of the problems with trust that we are having right now. And really helping us to gauge essentially where those trust problems lie, and also in what communities they lie. So like, you know, part of, of course, the work that all of us are doing as a movement is really to elevate equity and make sure that people that are unrepresented across our projects can actually be part of them and engage with them and we can welcome them in and invite them in. And so we need to determine essentially the gaps that we are seeing in different regions when it comes to women, when it comes to people from the LGBTQ plus community, when it comes to people of color and black people. These, these are questions that we need to essentially answer with the right tools. And that's what marketing is allowing us to do. In order to fill the gaps, we need to essentially see exactly what those gaps are and determine where we're missing people. And so, again, marketing is helping with that really important function. Also, that essentially then helps us as the communications team. See how we want to structure our campaigns, the audiences that we need to engage in particular regions, ones that know about us, ones that know that Wikipedia is run by a nonprofit. There's a lot of people that don't know that. So these are the questions that we're sort of answering together in order to develop smarter communications campaigns and smarter communications strategy. So, yeah, I think I think it's it's brought a lot basically to the department and the work that we're doing. Thank you. I'm going to take another question from the YouTube chat. What is the best place for affiliates to collaborate with the foundation on social media campaigns that they want to launch. You said a page on meta and email or other place. Where's the best place to connect and collaborate on social media campaigns. I think I can take this, this question. We don't currently have a set of best practices for the current campus or future campaigns that will be running. But I think this is something that moving forward and marketing and my years in communication could find framework. My which like to say, maybe couple of things on this. I just had a clarifying point though Elena, are you talking about specifically social media, like organic social media, I'm not sure. Or you're talking about larger campaigns that are connected to say some of the awareness campaigns that Nino and Zach we're talking about earlier just just want to clarify. I think that it's campaigns that affiliates would be looking to run in their local context to promote the work that they're doing on social media. My guess and if this is not correct please please correct me in the YouTube chat but my guess is kind of like how do we get as an affiliate, how do we get the foundation to amplify our voices on on their channels. So for organic, in particular, we do have a form that you can fill out that essentially will tell us you know what the opportunities about the audiences that you're trying to reach and exactly essentially what the ask is for the communications team. I don't have that link right on me right now but again I will drop it in the chat as soon as I get a chance to. The other way that they can of course reach out is if they tag wikimedia on any of our social media channels are digital team will actually see that and they will either reach out for more information or they'll amplify it right away by retweeting or sharing on Facebook even thanks. Do you know off the top of your head if the form is something that submitted via email, or is it something that lives on that wiki. It's actually it's a Google form. Okay, great. Yeah, if you find that and drop the link then we'll share that as well. I know we also have some kind of hot processes for this it's not uncommon that I will get emails directly from community members and like hey we want to run this can you pass it on and of course any one of us from the communications team is happy to pass that along but to Nino's point I think an important body of work in the coming years will be systematizing this a little bit more and figuring out how we can more effectively amplify people's voices in different corners of the movement that's a big goal of the communications team. Okay, great. Next question from the YouTube chat is there an organizational diagram for the communications department. That's a really good question. And my answer is, I don't know. In fact, I feel like I just actually made a request to update our staff page on our website. So, I'm not sure if there's like an updated organizational chart at the moment. Take part of this new show. So the single place where the foundation attempts to keep attempts to keep like all staff and kind of who's we're doing what up today is on our website. It is here. It gets updated once a month. So, hence the attempt. And so often it'll be a month out of date sometimes it can be a little bit longer if someone's left and their manager didn't notify the right people, etc, etc. There are many things that can go wrong in an organization the size. But this is the so I've put in the chat sorry, and it can be shared on YouTube is the single place where the foundation does try and keep up today. And that's where in which department, but with the caveat that it will sometimes be out of date because it only gets updated once a month. People can be missed or sometimes people get moved teams might be moved here or there and then that can be missed, etc. So, yes, we need to do better is actually my answer is making me think. Related to the organization of the department, there have been a number of questions recently about what it'll mean for the communications department that the chief creative officer has left. As the four people right now who are in charge of the department and will be, you know, really spearheading this year's annual plan. What, what does that mean for you all. And what do you anticipate it'll mean for the work ahead this year. I would just start by saying that we have a really strong annual plan in place with core objectives that you've heard us describe. Obviously over the course of this call so I think that we are extremely well positioned to basically carry out what we set out to do. We have an expanding team in communications obviously you heard about our new internal communications folks and of course, the regional staff that we're adding and movement communications we're also adding people with knowledge of different media markets. One of the staff members that recently joined us is based in South Africa. One of the staff member that will be joining us shortly fingers crossed is based in India. So, the fact is that even as there was definitely a bit of a transition on the communications team. We're strengthening other muscles this year as we seek to carry out those goals that we set for ourselves in the annual plant. All right, well that pretty much brings us to the top of the hour. Thank you for for joining us. And thanks everybody who has tuned in all the questions in the YouTube chat we really appreciate that. No we've shared a number of links here in chat that have made it to you in YouTube. This conversation obviously it's been recorded it's going to be posted on the meta page the annual plan meta page. So please share it. And yes, I think we got to all of the questions today but if there's any follow up. We will be watching the annual plan talk page I know the banner right now says that we stopped actively watching on Friday but we're going to be actively watching throughout the rest of the week in case there any follow up clarification questions coming as a result of this conversation. Thank you so much everybody for bringing your energy and excitement and curiosity to this conversation, and we'll see you all soon.


I guess we should probably go ahead and get started I hope. It's all right with you. I'd like to sit since I'm referring to a lot of notes here. I hope everybody can hear me okay. Thank you for coming to this session. My name is Joe Williams and I'm the Interim Associate University Librarian for Collections and Services at UNC Chapel Hill. And very happy to be here this morning for the chance to speak with all of you and also just to be in Albuquerque. I moved to North Carolina in 1987 but I was actually born and raised here so it's nice to come home. I'm wearing my polo tie to sort of represent you know. Yeah it's almost Carolina blue but not quite. So can everyone hear me okay? All right super. Well let's see. This session today grew out of discussions that I had with colleagues recently and I think even discussions are looking at the CNI program plan where we're talking about how do we influence pedagogical change. And so we were asking ourselves you know how do we influence pedagogical change on our campus. How do we help introduce and demonstrate and advocate for the use of new tools and new technologies and spaces in instruction and in the curriculum. We started listing familiar approaches you know we work directly with instructors. Of course we do one-off sessions and help design assignments, do course integrated instruction, consultations. We visit departmental meetings, sit in curriculum committee meetings if we're lucky. We also partner with other support units on campus to co-teach courses to build learning communities, co-host events and programs. We provide and model the use of technology enabled spaces for instructors by holding sessions in these spaces and we demonstrate the possibilities. And then we started drifting a little bit. You know we also spend a lot of time working directly with students on assignments through consultations during workshops and events that we provide or that we co-host. And we have been training and relying on students lately to provide more and more digital scholarship support. And those last two approaches I know they're not new practices for the libraries, but we have started thinking about those two touch points as maybe two more places where we can help influence and affect pedagogy on campus. And that does feel like a new shift in focus for me. So students have certainly been taking on more and more substantial research support roles over time, you know from providing general information to basic technology assistance and basic research and reference and not just grad students providing this service, but now also undergraduates and we're relying on students for instruction more and more and now we're relying on them for digital scholarship support. And the 2014 CNI Digital Scholarship Center survey showed that virtually all the respondents employed undergraduate and graduate students. So we started talking about the value that we get from having well-trained students. Obviously it helps us balance the workload on our librarians. But I think there's the potential for these students to take their new skills and knowledge back into the classroom and into their coursework as students and that could influence pedagogy from the ground up. And we do know anecdotally that they do some of this. They may become future instructors themselves and indeed some of our past student employees have. So again, implications there on changing how we teach. And they also gain good skills and work experiences to complement their degree and to Allison Head's point in her plenary speech yesterday. We may be teaching them some valuable research and teaching skills that they can't get anywhere else. So I'd like to share just some very quick examples from across three different libraries at UNC showing the kinds of digital scholarship support we provide, how we train students for these tasks, and the kinds of skills that they're developing. So first, the RB House undergraduate library is UNC library's center for supporting digital media creation. They offer a workshop series called skillful each year with multiple courses and iterations. They also provide support for UNC's new campus-wide Adobe partnership which provides free access to the Adobe Creative Suite for all students and also for instructors. The library's Adobe support includes a pilot of 10 classes in our English 105 program that feature multimodal assignments and digital literacy instruction. So our students teach skillful workshops on digital media creation that include classes on social media graphics, infographics, creating geo filters. Students develop content for these courses including the lesson plans, the main create playlists of existing instructional content or custom designed templates. Our students also provide consultations and their workshops and their consultations cover both free and licensed software such as Giffy and WordPress as well as the Adobe projects mentioned. And here are two of our graduate students teaching a skillful session showing their students how to make an animated Giff and getting them in the Giff. I can only watch those for a second. I start to get a little seasick. So the undergraduate library hires primarily library science students. The staff encourages those students to identify their professional goals and then they work to pair the students' interests with the workshops that we provide or that we want to provide. So in terms of training as you see here, students go through some self-guided learning. We do have a campus license for lynda.com and we rely on that heavily. We do have formal training sessions that the students go through. They serve as floaters in many of our training sessions to start to become more familiar with the material that eventually, hopefully they will be teaching. They do peer coaching from more experienced student employees. And we do continue our training throughout the year. And they're also working on projects under the mentorship of library staff so getting further skills there. So here's a short list of some of the technical skills or the tools that they're trained on and also a list of some of the softer skills. Through their work, you'll see there's public service, public speaking. Through their work, the students also begin to understand some of our professional standards or our best practices. They understand more about how students consume media, understand what students have the capacity to actually produce, the ability to teach technology to students with varying levels of experience. And they develop strong communication skills, particularly visual and writing for the online environment. So now I'd like to switch to another example. The library's research hub is our digital scholarship support program. And it's we have centers distributed across three different libraries on campus. So the next example comes from our research hub in UNC Davis library. So when students have advanced skills in working with particular tools or software and they're interested in instruction, then we ask them to lead instruction sessions. One student, for example, led a workshop on SketchUp 3D modeling. Another co taught with a librarian two classes last semester and social work that focused on web based data, mapping resources that the library subscribes to the policy map social explorer. A third student who's actually employee of another research hub on campus is teaching a getting started with Carolina cloud apps program at the end of this month. Carolina cloud apps is the campus it's new service and framework for deploying wet web applications in the cloud. Yes. Are you talking about the library students or graduate school students? So in Davis library, we have both graduates and undergraduates and not all of our students do come from the library science school and particularly in this in this program going I don't I don't get too deeply into that, but it certainly is part of our part of our interviewing process and selection process looking at what skill set students bring. And we do have some established programs courses that that we deliver. So we're specifically looking for some skill sets to be able to carry on that instruction. But we're also looking for new skills as well. So there's a bullet down there about leading events and the research hub has a as a very active programming schedule. So our students will assist with organizing and promoting and and running events. One of our undergraduate students suggested holding a mapathon in the hub following Hurricane Matthew in Haiti. And after some guidance from hub staff, he did all the preparation for the mapathon and led it. And we've had like four more student led events such as that since then. And then in terms of consultations, our service desk is staffed 52 hours a week by students. They answer walking questions in a variety of topics. As you see some here. A large percentage of our desk interactions here involve mapping and other visualizations. Students also provide assistance with GIS software and extending the interface with Python, do web mapping and a variety of questions about finding and using data sets. And of course, the more difficult questions are referred to full time staff who consult by appointment. But these students do take on some pretty complicated, I would say questions. So the Davis hub is I as I was just saying does the student employees generally do not come from our library science program. So for that reason, we focus our training to instill a service mentality. They attend a formal service training with other library staff at the beginning of the year. We also co staff our space with the Odum Institute for Research and Social Science. So we provide shared service training with the Odum consultants twice a year as well. So other forms of training. Again, our our students float and sorry, I lost my place here, float and help work on workshops and then they field the follow up questions and the consultations that might come out of those classes. Students attend and observe project consultations with librarians. This is a fairly new step for us. But often those project oriented consultations will have some kinds of deliverables. And will probably require more than one consult. So the librarians will will have the student attend the consult and then the student will work on the deliverable. Then they'll bring their work back to the librarian to kind of check. And once they've got everything as they want it, then they'll then they'll take the deliverable back to the client for for the next consultation. Students, let's see, we do hold some informal training biweekly they call it the hubbub training sessions sometimes led by staff sometimes by students. And they focus on specific concepts or tools. And we also suggest specific training for students based on what they're interested in or or what would benefit them based on their goals. Students are each assigned learning modules to work through when they're not working on specific projects or when there's downtime at the service desk. These learning modules may come from Linda calm from the Esri virtual campus, and also from projects and exercises and guides that are created by our library staff. And we manage all of that work through Trello. So our students become more comfortable working with a variety of different types of data. They learn the importance of understanding primary and secondary data. They learn to find and format and use tabular and geospatial data. They use related tools and software, primarily visualization, GIS and web mapping softwares. The game proficiency with open source data and software that's not widely used in their coursework. And they learn at least the basics of Python. And the students learn to solve problems and be self led learners by answering questions at the service desk. And also by working through their self led learning assignments. They learn leadership skills by taking ownership of programs and events and students also improve their public speaking skills by leading instruction sessions. And then my final example comes from our keen and science library research hub and maker space, which brings together lots of specialized and some of it expensive maker equipment for all of the campus to use. And they also provide consultative help and programming and instruction. So student workers at the keen and science library have developed new workshops and they teach established ones such as a few listed here the Internet of Things workshop that a student led with an industry partner from the research triangle park near Chapel Hill and employee of SAS. Another student designed and led an introduction to making for faculty workshop and that was co taught with our center for faculty excellence staff. And then we have some established courses that they teach as well 3D scanning is is an ongoing course with next engine as well as 3D design and Tinkercad. And they also help field the consultations again that result from those classes. They help with course integrated instruction. One of our grad students served on the campus maker space networks committee that was planning the curriculum of workshops to support lab research skills. He also served on the design advisory committee for the Moorhead planetarium's new maker space. And they also participate in in outreach events, you know, campus and local maker fairs, TEDx, UNC, UNC Science Expo and so forth. In terms of training, we start students off immediately by having them attend our workshops. And like the other programs I've described, these students also shadow and they co teach first before they start teaching solo. They float during workshops to learn the material or the assignments. They're given training on software, how to run equipment, how to troubleshoot equipment. They're given self directed learning assignments as well. One student is exploring Sphero right now. Another is learning about the internet of things. Students do coach and help each other because these students also have different prior experience and expertise, some with teaching and graphic design, electronics, 3D imaging. And they also receive coaching, of course, from their peers and working with the librarians and staff from other partner organizations. Some of our students occasionally attend professional development as funds allow, mostly local and regional events. But we also have had some students go to national and international conferences. And they train us. That maybe should be the first bullet there. We have students who come in with some very special skills and have really helped us build out many of our programs. We have a grad student right now with experience with 3D scanning, photogrammetry, and another with lots of work experience in 3D printing, who actually was formerly working in the makerspace at NC State before he came and started library school with us. So as you can see here, again, I'm listing some of the more technical skills that the students in this particular program are learning. And also some of the softer skills, the consultation, interview technique. Again, the Keenan Science Library does not hire students from library science program exclusively or even primarily. So focusing on that interview technique is especially important here. And so looking back at kind of the long list of training topics. I think there are a lot of very different project specific technical skills being taught here, as you would expect. And maybe more interesting, at least to me, are some of the softer skills that we also train on. And here there's much more overlap across these three fairly different programs. Some of these are obvious skills, I think, for student employees and library service roles, like training on policy and workflow and on public service values. But others, I think, are more unique, like the instruction skills for promoting active learning, leadership skills. It's not written here explicitly, but I'd say that we're teaching student employees how to communicate about research, how to communicate their own research, how to teach and consult with both peers and patrons, sometimes one and the same, how to introduce new technologies and approaches to research and teaching, and all of this to a broad and diverse audience. So in addition to providing students with these valuable skills and experiences, it may be, I think, that as students take these skills back into the classroom and incorporate them into their work, that the libraries may have identified another touch point here for helping influence pedagogical change that bears some more formal study and consideration. And it's really as far as we've gotten here, I'd be very interested to know if others here have been thinking about or approaching student training in this way or with these goals in mind. I'd also love to hear what you think about any of this and or if you have experiences that you would like to share, I would find that very, very useful. But first let me let me thank my co-authors, the people who contributed much of this content from these different programs and the folks who are designing and doing this work with our student employees. We will share these slides online too so you'll have access to all this, but you are certainly welcome to contact any of us with specific questions. And in the meantime I can try to answer some specific questions right now if you have any.


These strategies adopted in two state model may not work well in the real world, say for one year model, because in real, there are more than many possibilities that stock prices can take other values. Now, to overcome this difficulty, the black skull or the BS model well serves the purpose, because through this model, the possibilities of multiple values can be reduced as this BS model helps in shorten the period. This black skull model has a insight back because it shortens the period involved in the strategies. As the stock price changes over first instant, another combination of the stock and boring needs to duplicate the call over the second instant and it goes on. Now, adjusting the combination from moment to moment can continually duplicate the call. The basic or fundamental intuition behind the BS model is that it helps in determining the duplicating combination at any moment and then it helps in valuing the option based on this duplicating strategy. In BS model, there are certain variables in the quantitative formulation where the in the model S stands for the current stock price, E is the exercise price of the call and R is the annual risk free of rate and that is continuously compounding. For sigma square, it is the variance per year in the return of the stock and T is the time in years to expiry. Then we have other two variables D1 or the delta and the D2. Additionally, there is a statistical variable that is in D. This states the possibility that a standardized normally distributed random variable will be less than or equal to D. Now, to understand the BS model, we have an example at the time 0 of October 4, the call option of April 49 has a value of price of dollar 4. Now, we assume that the stock price at time 0 is 0 and the stock price is 50 dollars, exercise price is 49 dollars, risk free rate is 7 percent. This call has 199 days to expire or the maturity date is 21st April of the year 1. The time to maturity in terms of ratio to the year is 199 over 365. So, this is equal to the variable T. The variance for the sigma square is 0.09 per year. Then using these variables, we can determine the value of this call with the help of the BS formula. Now, this BS formula works in three steps. At first step, we need to determine the value of D1 and DQ. Then we need to determine the value of ND1 and ND2. And in the last step, we need to determine the value of the call. Step 1, calculate the value of D1 and D2. Now, putting the values of variables relating to D1, we compute the value as 0.3742. And using this value of D1 in the model of D2, we can determine the value of D2 which is 0.1527. And in the second step now, we need to determine the value of ND1 and ND2. These two values can be found using the functions of normality distribution through the help of Excel. And using this function, we have the value of ND1 equal to 0.6459 and the value of ND2 as 0.5607. And at the step 3, using these variables, we can determine the value of a call through the model of BS. And the value of call is $5.85. The intuition from BS formula is that the value of call is basically the value of the call value. In which we have a stock price to multiply with the delta and getting the value deducted from our borrowing gives the value of call. That is the intuition behind the value of the black-skull model. We see that in our model, the value of ND is equal to the value of D1 which is equal to basically delta and it is 0.645. This delta states that we need to buy almost 65% of the share of the stock. And to duplicate the call, then we need to borrow an amount equal to $26.45. So this way we can duplicate the call.


So I was talking with one of my students the other day, we were kind of going over some of the stuff they asked to work on and he mentioned storytelling and I thought it would be really good for me to do a video about this because he says that my storytelling is really good and it is. I don't really talk much about this on the channel, but I am actually an award-winning public speaker. I've won at least half a dozen awards doing that sort of stuff when it comes to storytelling, humorous speaking, motivation. I've won awards in that category and I've translated what I've learned from public speaking into real conversations which is what I feel the most comfortable in. If you're able to tell a really, really good story, whatever anybody's doing, they're thinking about you and your story. They're totally captivated in. I mean, you watch the really good storytellers and the room goes silent. Everyone is totally engaged, everyone's totally captivated by what he's saying and you can bet there's going to be one or two girls in those audience that want to sleep with that guy. So if you want to be that guy rather than some guy who's just telling a story that people kind of get bored, they kind of start looking away and they look for other things to do or just wait for you to finish so they can say their thing, you should watch this video. Watch this video and learn how to tell a good story. Okay, so the first tip that I'm going to give about telling a story is bring your audience in. Bring the listener or whoever you're talking to, bring them into the story. Now how do you do this? Well, an easy way to do it is just say, let's say you're telling a story about you going through the airport and you say, imagine me at the airport. I got my bag. I'm walking really fast because I'm late. I'm a little flustered and nervous. I got my jacket on. I barely have my belt done because I just went through security. You can see how you're starting to picture this as I'm walking through because first of all, I just told you to imagine it and if you tell somebody, then they're going to start picturing it. Then you can describe it. Now after you start describing it, I would pick one or two of the senses to engage with. So I told you what I looked like. I told you how I was feeling and then maybe I could have added in maybe the sounds of the announcer going off and he was saying that my flight was departing in five minutes and it was going to take me 10 minutes to get to my gate. So all those things bring the audience member into the story. So you can say, imagine me at the airport or you can say, have you ever been to the airport and you've been late for a flight? Everyone's been in that particular scenario so they can imagine themselves in that and if they can imagine themselves in that, they can imagine themselves in your story. The other thing you should start doing is bring in your emotions more. Too much, I see guys when they're telling a story, they just do this monotone thing where they just tell the facts. You just say I was late for my flight. I walked really, really fast. I got there in time. That's a lame-ass story, okay? A good story might be due. I was really flustered. I had just made it through security.  I have 10 minutes to go and I didn't think I was going to be able to make it so I'm running as fast as I can through the airport, knocking kids over. You can see how this story is a lot more exciting because I'm telling you what's going through my head as it's happening. The average story, people don't really care so much about the content but they care about the emotions that it's making the person feel. If you want your audience member to feel a certain emotion, to get a certain reaction from your story, you need to bring in those emotions because whatever you feel, they're going to feel. They should see it in your face. They should see it when you're telling a story. Have passion. I don't know if you can tell what I'm telling stories on this channel but I have a lot of passion for what I'm talking about and it comes through. You can see it. When I'm talking, you can see it in my facial expressions, my gestures, my body language. I'm very into the story. My eyes get wide. Sometimes they lower and they squint. Sometimes I'm smiling. Whatever is going through my head in this story, I'm recreating that with my body. There's not only the audio component where they're hearing the words but there's also the visual component where they're seeing me do that. That's why my videos are probably going to do a lot better than the audio version although I will be coming out with some audio stuff as well too. So stay tuned for that, you guys. The other thing too is have a point. Have a point to your story. This is a big thing that people get wrong, especially a lot of the girls that I talk to.  How could somebody think that story was cool?  Have a point. If your story doesn't have a beginning, middle, and end, it's probably not going to be a good story.  If that happens to me, what I'll usually do is I'll usually pick one little lesson or something at the end and I'll be like, well, that's the way I never order with a white shirt on or something like that. And it'll be just kind of like this, ah, that kind of funny thing. Now that the story's ended, at least there was some sort of point to it. If you kind of drag on and you don't know where your story's heading or why you're telling that story, people are going to start to stop paying attention. People are going to lose interest. They're going to be thinking, okay, is this guy going to finish? So I can say my stuff. Like, it's not going to be a good story. So when you're thinking about the story, think about like, okay, what's the beginning here? If you're telling a story, how you met your friend Jimmy, okay, maybe a good starting point would be, okay, I got invited to this party.  That's the whole story. Had a beginning, middle and end. The point of it was how you met Jimmy. The other thing you could do too is start with a baiting sentence. Don't just start a sentence where it was like, I have a story, here's my story. Or do you want to hear what happened to me yesterday? That's fine. You can say that, but a better way might be saying, dude, I almost died yesterday.   People are like, what? They're going to want an explanation to that. So start with these baiting sentences and then people are going to be really interested to hear an explanation. This kind of relates back to my previous point, which is have a point to your story. If you have that point, if you start with the ending almost, which is like a Quentin Tarantino film where people see the ending and then they work your way back. The reason why they're interested in the movie the whole time is because they want to see how it got to that point. They want to see how, like in Kill Bill, when she's almost dead at the beginning. They want to see what led to that. How did that happen? What's she going to do after that? Start with the baiting sentence. The problem with this though is that sometimes people use this too much. And so I don't know if you've seen the YouTube channels where like every single video is basically click bait in the title. They use this, the baiting sentence. They use this all the time. And eventually you watch the video and it's just like a normal video. And so you start not trusting them anymore. You start thinking, okay, well, if they're just going to say that every, no story is going to be actually interesting. It's just going to be a normal story. So don't overuse this. But if you can start with the baiting sentence and maintain that interest throughout the story, it's going to be that much better. You're going to get people interested right from the get go. Okay, some things to avoid. The first thing to avoid is repetition. Don't repeat words too much. Don't repeat phrases too much. Try and don't don't don't even repeat your tenality or the way you're telling the story. So vary it up. Story needs to have some sort of variety. If you say it in the same monotone way, if you're giving the same facial expression, if you're telling the same using the same words or the same phrases, people are going to start to tune out. They're going to stop listening to you. So vary it up. I don't know if you can tell, but I vary up my facial expressions, the emotions, the gestures that I'm doing. I try not to reuse the same words or phrases again and again, although you can make that part of your story too. I just don't reuse things a whole lot. The other thing too is I'm going to mention this because this is a channel about how to get girls. But back in the day when Mr. He was teaching, he used to say you need to put a bunch of DHVs in your stories. For the most part, when I see you guys doing this, it just seems like you're being really tryhard and you're bragging too much. So don't try. I know it's tempting to try and make your story. It seemed like it was a badass thing. Then this stripper wanted to have sex with me, but I wasn't really interested in her because I wanted to go to this yacht party with my good friend who's friends with the owner of Gucci. So we got on the boat free, no big deal. And then we went on this boat and we're partying, we're drinking, and I don't know, I can drink a lot.  So try not to brag too much. I know a lot of you guys, you think you're not bragging that much, but some of you are when you're doing it. So you want to make sure that you're telling the story confidently. You want to say it with purpose, with passion. You don't have to brag. In fact, I think being self-deprecating in your stories can actually be a good thing. It shows confidence, the fact that you're able to say those things and still have the same level of emotion and confidence when you're talking.  No, he sounds pretty insecure. So the way you show confidence, and this is another thing to avoid, is don't look at your audience so much. What I mean is, okay, I shouldn't have worded it that way because you want to have really, really good eye contact when you're telling the story, like I am now, but you don't want to look at them and hope that they get a reaction.  If the audience feels pressured, like they have to react or they have to be really engaged, and you're not really engaged with your own story enough to be absorbed in it that you don't need that, it's going to be uncomfortable, and people are going to start to hope that the story is over because you're expecting something from them. Get absorbed in your own story, be with the emotions, and take the audience along for the ride.  That's not how a good storyteller does it. And the last thing that I'm going to leave you guys with is that try, don't just tell a story and have zero audience participation. So at the beginning, I gave you a bunch of things that you can do to start with the audience. You say, have you ever been to the airport? Have you ever been late to a flight? Or have you ever done this? Imagine me doing that sort of stuff. You're bringing the audience in. You're talking with them and captivating. Again, you're not looking for a reaction, but you're getting them to participate a little bit. So what I'll do is I'll check in with them. So if I'm telling a story about the airport, I'll be like, I'll tell you how I'm running through really quickly, and I barely made it to my flight. And then I'll say, you know when you get to the ticket attendant and they ask you a million questions or they want to search your bag and you're already running late? Just the fact that I said have you ever or I do a little audience questioning there, that helps them bring them in and make sure that they're paying attention and also make sure that the story that you're telling is relatable to them. I don't want to tell a story about skiing for 10 minutes to a group of people that have never been skiing or never seen snow. Probably if they've never seen any of those things, my story sucked to them because they don't understand it. So make sure you're checking in with the audience to make sure that they know where you're coming from. And if they don't, then you might have to go back and explain a few things. But the fact that you go back and explain to them and you're on the same page, they're still going to be interested. But it's the part where people ignore the audience too much, where they start telling a story that nobody understands but them. That's where people get into trouble. So make sure you're checking in with the audience but not looking for them to react to you. Okay, cool. That's all I have to say about this, you guys. If you've made it to the end because you're subscribing, come out with videos like this every single week. If you're interested in my weekly one-on-one mentoring program, I go over stuff like this, how to get girls, the girl that you want in life, shoot me an email with us singleguide2017 at gmail.com. Thanks a lot. Good luck out there.


Good afternoon. If there were enough of our boys and Boy Scouts interested in wireless They could erect a wireless station at the park Let us try and get together in form and up-to-date radio club in our city I'll be more than pleased to help This was the message that Roland Carrington sent to African-American Boy Scout troops, which was published in the newspaper the African-American Carrington wasn't talking about smartphones or cell phones. He was talking about radio The year was 1917 It was a full decade before Congress created the Frito radio Commission Which gave the government the power for the first time to regulate radio? It was before big corporations would come to understand the commercial potential radio and seize control of the industry Just like the development of the internet Amateurs played a key role in developing radio and from the get-go African-Americans and Latinos were very much embrace this new medium Radio clubs in African-American communities across the country were formed over the next decade like the Woodland radio association in Chicago the Bannaker radio club in Baltimore in San Antonio John C. Rodriguez received a license to operate an amateur radio station in 1916 But by 1922 he launched the second commercial radio station in San Antonio What's extraordinary about this is that history has generally credited a man credited a man named Raul Cortez will be in the first person of color to own a broadcast station in 1946 But Rodriguez seemed to have bested him by 24 years What I'm trying to say is that people of color have always embraced media the first Spanish-language newspaper was published in 1808 the first African-American newspaper in 1827 freedoms journal and the Native American first paper was in 1828 So how could it be that people of color was shut off from owning any broadcast stations for decades? after the federal government began regulating radio for the first time in 1927 and How can it be that the first series effort to bolster minority ownership did not occur into the 1970s? And why do people of color today own so few broadcast stations when we make up close to 40% of the population? To understand this question is to understand that there is nothing new about the fight for a just media system It is why we are here today to celebrate the launching of black voices for internet freedom Because throughout history whenever technology emerges it fundamentally changes the existing media system Leading to the creation of new industries such as the telegraph radio TV cable and now the internet But whenever this happens our government is faced with a critical decision Does it regulate the new emerging industry to allow for the greatest number of voices to participate? Or does it turn over control to the hands of a few? Historically the government has chosen to centralize control of media in the hands of a few which has historically harmed communities of color It has prevented people of color from owning media outlets Placing a handful of gatekeepers in control of whose voices have the right to speak and whose voices have the right to be heard It cements a white racial narrative since our communities have so little control over how we are depicted in the media Because when others tell our stories, they often get it wrong which causes us great harm This is why it's critical that we learn from the past to understand what has happened in today In 1927 when the federal radio Commission regulated it at airways for the first time It turned over control of the most desirable stations to NBC and CBS Non-commercial stations were pushed off the dial and not a single person of color owned the commercial outlet The most popular program on the air was Amos and Andy a blackface minstrel show that aired on NBC Half of our nation's radio audience turned in every night tuned in every night to listen to white actors betraying African-Americans as simple simple-minded platoons in 1931 Robert Van Publisher the Pittsburgh Courier one of the largest African-American papers in the country Became so offended by the program that he launched a campaign to get the show off the air The courier started a petition drive that called on the federal radio commission to hold the hearing to determine Whether Amos and Andy should be kicked off the dial The paper collected more than 740 thousand petitions from readers across the country An amazing figure considered when when there were only 10 million African-Americans living in the nation The campaign by the courier was perhaps the first black led nationwide movement to challenge racial bigotry in America's mass media But for the frc the frc simply dismissed the petitioners a hearing was never held This is why we need black voices for internet freedom and latino voices for internet freedom to make sure our voices of everyday people In our community are heard and cannot be dismissed by the FCC congress or the obama administration We have to provide to prevent history from repeating itself and prevent government from allowing 18 team comcast And Verizon to to orchestrate a corporate takeover of the internet We need a decentralized open communications network that allows the greatest number of voices our voices to participate We need to be able to tell our own stories What mean of latinos have been able to take to the streets in 2006 to fight for a just immigration system Without an open internet what we have heard of the extraordinary efforts to prevent the execution of troi davis without an open internet So welcome black voices internet freedom to the struggle And thank you for starting a new chapter in the community's long history of fighting for a just media system Thank you


So multiple dispatch What really happens when we call a function? Well, actually a whole bunch of them are created Not just a single function. We declare function function give it a name Tell about the arguments, but there's actually quite a few of them get created and each one of them has to do with the Data type the type of the argument that you pass the type of the value that goes into the argument So a whole lookup table gets created with every function stored with the function and When you generate code with an argument Julia will look at what the type is of that argument and that's only for the ordered arguments I'm gonna do that and it will decide which one of the functions to use and those are called which one of the methods of the function to use So when I create this function CBD for cube for instance a and it returns a cube. I can pass anything into that a I can post post an integer and a float and Each one of those are actually a different function So there's all family of these little functions that are the different Implementations of that function and these are really called methods So when I call this function say functions with an integer that Julia will generate code that uses the computer's central processing units integer multiplication instruction set or the for a floating point value the floating point multiplication instruction set specific to that computer and The implementation of of a function based on arguments that is what is called multiple dispatch And you see it prominently on the Julia's web page on the front page there functions with multiple dispatch So again, remember it's only for the positional arguments that it's going to do that look up of which method to use And when I use that function again, and I use different different data type a New method will be called and that process is called overloading So let's look at the methods that can be called for the plus function again I can just use the code methods and pass the argument plus it'll take a while look Booleans to Booleans an abstract float in a Boolean and integer and an integer So these are all different methods for that plus function good so I Can make use of this plus two and that because it's a real number and a complex number And that is one of the defined methods for the plus function If I put plus and I put two strings there though that won't work because that method is not defined for the plus function Strange enough it is though for the multiplication Function that is one of the methods does take a string in a string and it's just going to concatenate them I love Natala just like that Now we can also do something else we can we can we can Call a function and we're going to see which method is used and we use this macro at which So it's a multiplication two and two these are two Booleans So we can clearly I can guess at what which of the methods of this multiplication function is going to be used in this instance Two and two days are both Booleans so X is a Boolean and Y is of type Boolean I can also ask what functions have integers as At least one of there at least one of their methods And that's going to take a while because there are many in-built Julia functions and Quite a few of them as I would suspect most of them at least will have an integer name You see 730 element arrays take integers as one of the methods So that's beautiful. So how can you use that? It's very powerful because you can constrain put some constraints on your function So I'm going to create this function my underscore funk and you see I've created it one two three four times here and Every time it's a function with an end and it returns something It's the same name though But it means I'm going to it's an overloading really I'm using multiple dispatch to create multiple methods of this function So that when I pass these as arguments there is a method for that So if I just write a comma B that is generic and it really implies that master Type called any so any of the sub types of any can be passed And if if Julia finds that when I call this function for my two arguments It's going to just return this print function generic case I'm doing my funk again And I'm gonna say a as a real number B as a real number and then it'll say both arguments are real numbers Is real just comma B B is then any or a and B Be being real a being any so let's run that Let's run that and let's pass two numbers my fun pie comma three My fun pie comma three. Let's do that and it says both arguments are indeed numbers So that came from your both arguments are numbers because they both real It's going to find whatever is more appropriate So they are both real is a sub type of any but real is like the first hurdle that it gets to So that's what it's going to return if I return this which is a number and Julia which is just a string it says the first argument is a number and that's what it did here It said a is is real and B could have been any and string is a sub type of any So that's the closest method or the method that was used to execute the calling of that function and If I pass Julia and then exponent one it says the second argument is a number I love Julia now I did not have a method that was string string But I do have with this generic case where it could be anything and string is definitely aske string is a sub type of any So it was going to use the generic case and now For this if I just look at the method it says it's a generic function my funk with four methods Remember we've always just seen generic function with one method now. You know what it's all about Now usually we just pass some ordered arguments and it was this any Because we didn't specify that's how we landed up with one method But yeah, we've created this function and it actually has we have created four methods for that is lovely now Let's just look at a few in both Julia functions functions just for Just for pleasure and we've done it before I use it every time plus is a function So I need to write two plus two I can call the function plus and I can pass two arguments to it We've seen We've seen what that is and just to prove the fact I'm can ask what is the type of plus indeed it is just a function Filter is another nice function to use just show you they are so many men touch on one or two year filter I it's now the stabby function And it's just going to filter for is even is even is also Is also a Inbuilt function is just going to test if a value that's passed to it is even and I'm going to pass to it To this filter now remember the filters is going to return booleans. So yes or no and then if it is true I should say true or false if it is true, then it's going to return that value that's held in I And that takes the stabby function and the second argument which is my array my rays from 1 to 20 So it's going to go one. It's going to ask is it even it's going to return a false because it's not even and that gets ignored When it gets to 2 it says is even yes, it's true And the filter will then let it through So as you can well imagine, it's just going to return for me 2468 until 20 Find an is prime is to another very useful one So I'm going to define this function called prime underscore numbers I'm going to say it should be of type integer any of integers subtypes Such that I have this argument a which is an array of T values and it's a one column array as a one column vector That's what it's saying there. Okay. So let's do that and what it does is it uses inbuilt function called find is prime a But difficult just to look at it like that. Let's see. Uh, let's just see there This is from that and then I'm going to call prime numbers and I'm and I'm going to run it from 1 to 20 so that you can see So that's why I said Julia doesn't think that one is a prime number and is is one a prime number It can provide by one in itself, but one is itself. So is it a prime number? um So it's going to go from 1 to 20 And it gets passed there This is a an array with just one column All of them are 64 bit integers. There's just one column. It's a vector actually a column vector From 1 to 20. It's not a matrix of 2 by 2 3 by 2. It's just one single column. That's what that one is for They're all integers and it's an array and that is what what I said there it must be an array and It must only be one column. That's the only thing that it's going to accept And each and every one of these elements as specified by the type There has got to be an integer or sub type of integer. So it certainly couldn't pass the bunch of of Irrational numbers there a bunch of floating point values and the function prime Is find so again, it's going to return true or false true Then it will give me the value false. It will just ignore and there is this is prime Is prime function and just running through each of one each individually of those values Now there's we can simplify that function actually we can just call it function easy primes a is an array Such that it's all into the 64 elements and it must be a single column array And it just find is prime a as we've seen before In our function and if we run easy primes now again, we're going to get exactly the same result Very lastly, let's just do some less comprehension not really part of functions, but Always fun to do they really crop up everywhere. We've seen them before But let's just take a quick look right to end off this very nice section of functions. This has as an added bonus So I'm creating this matrix And what does it do? I'm going to call it matrix one and it is x plus y for x in one to two and y in one to three This is run that and you're going to see what gets returned as two by three array. So what's happening here? So x is going to be this one and one to two and y one two and three So it's going to say one plus one that gives me the two Then one plus two so one and x the next one and y So you can see the order in which this gets executed that gives me three and one plus three is four Now it's going to jump to the two and the x for the next row So two plus one is three two plus two is four two plus three is five So that is lovely now just to remember you don't have to use this in keyword You can also use the equals keyword that's going to give me exactly the same thing And for a bit of fun, let's create back to school create the 12 by 12 table So it's x times y for x in one to 12 y in one to 12 quick and dirty if If someone comes to you asking for the really quickly for the 12 times 12 table there you go No problem at all. So there's a bit of a mix of less comprehension That's building up her values building up an array building up a matrix You can use this part of functions here, but we've had a Good nice look at functions now They're absolutely powerful and there's this multiple dispatch of various methods in the function that really make them powerful And you can take absolute control of that I really hope you enjoyed this lecture have some fun create your own functions They are really powerful in julia