I actually feel that for those of you that are practicing a Course in Miracles, many of you have experienced the same thing. I've heard many people tell me, life wasn't so bad for me, but then I started studying a Course in Miracles and the wheels came off. David, I started practicing sincerely a Course in Miracles and my life went much worse. And here's a passage now that Jesus has. This is from the section in the manual for teachers called The Development of Trust. The Development of Trust. This is at the beginning. This is the first stage, the very beginning of developing your faith and trust. And here's what Jesus says. First they, meaning us, miracle workers. That's us, they. First they must go through what might be called a period of undoing. Are you ready? Are you with me? I went through this.  I can tell you. My ego said it was hell. Jesus said, good, good, good. You're taking your first step in waking up. But he says, first they must go through what might be called a period of undoing. This need not be painful, but it usually is so experienced. This is coming from Jesus. This is the way-shower. Oh, he knows. He knows what it takes to let go of the ego. This is one who's done it. This isn't a theory. This is an actual way-shower who's been through it all and knows the way. He says, it seems as if things are being taken away. And it is rarely understood, initially, that their lack of value is merely being recognized. Oh my gosh. That's what all this seeming loss is about. I'm starting to change my value system from the value of the ego's things of the world to the value of faith and connection with the Holy Spirit. You see? Jesus knows what's going on here. This is not anything going wrong. The ego says, wait, whoa, whoa. It seems as if things are being taken away and it is rarely understood, initially, that their lack of value is being recognized. How can lack of value be perceived unless the perceiver is in a position where he must see things in a different light? He is not yet at a point at which he can make the shift entirely internally. And so the plan will sometimes call for changes in what seem to be external circumstances. These changes are always helpful when the teacher of God has learned that much. He goes on to the second stage. So this is just the first stage. And Jesus is simply saying it seems as if things are being taken away. And really, it's just a shift. Your mind starts to devalue the things of the world. You value the light. You value your connection with God more than you do the things of this world. So the ego said, look, you're losing everything. You're starting to serve God and now it's all falling away. But all the mystics and saints tell you the same thing. You can read what they say. They say they had to go through dark night of the soul. They had to face their greatest fears. All of us have to do what Jesus did. We just have to simply face whatever we're most afraid of. And what are we most afraid of? Love. Jesus says, you're terrified of love because you're addicted to the ego. That's where the terror of love is coming in. He's saying, if you don't believe in the ego anymore, you'll realize love is loving. Love is wonderful. Love is everything. You see the difference in reality? Love is, we know we've had little glimmers of it. We know just even little glimmers are powerful. But he's just saying, just keep opening your faith because love is God's love. God loves you so much.  In fact, Jesus says, if you had the faintest glimmering of what love means today, you would be traveling distance without measure and time beyond the count of years.  You would cry. Tears would pour from your face if you remembered how loved you are. But if you believe in the ego, you've pushed all this unconscious, you put love out of awareness and you also pushed the darkness. That's the unconscious mind. You've pushed it out of awareness. It has to come up for healing. So what I'm really saying here is everything that ever seems to happen to us is for our own good. We may interpret that things are being taken away, but Jesus is letting us know, no, you should actually see what's really happening. You're just changing your value system. You're going from valuing fear in all of its unrecognized forms to valuing God's love. It's all working together for good. Like it says even in the Bible, all things work together for good for them who love the Lord. That's it. That's a real true idea. It's just that when we believe in the ego, we don't always know our best interest. We're quick, you know, to say, to shake our fists and say, why are you doing this to me? But, but really it's for our own benefit. It's so we can heal.


Oh, I never get tired of sharing the good news with people. And I never get tired of hearing good news either. And as Ravens fans, we, especially after last year, good news is something that it had been hard to come by, especially when you think about 2021 and just how a lot of the news that Ravens received, it was all kinds of bad, week after week, after week, after week, after week, after week. And y'all remember. But anyway, a few days ago, it was said that Devin Williams, they put him on the reserve did not report list. And this is why I always tell people, you cannot just jump to conclusions when it comes to this stuff. I said in that video, like, and I saw people on Twitter saying, I saw people in the comments section saying, oh, what a wasted opportunity. Oh man, why would he just quit like this? Oh man, he messed up big time.  He ain't living up to the potential. Oh man. And it's like, really, man? Really? Like I said, we do not know and did not know what was going on with him. We did not know what his situation was. We didn't know on a personal level anything that he could have possibly been dealing with. But the fact that people, they saw the report that said he didn't report. Oh man, yeah. No, this is why we gotta be patient with stuff. We gotta be patient. Like even with, I remember the reports about Michael Pierce, where he didn't show up to the mini camp or whatever it was. And I myself, I was thinking like, from, I remember from John Harbaugh, his, the way that he said Michael Pierce wasn't showing up. I was thinking, uh-oh, that the way Harbaugh said it, it didn't sound like it was anything too good. But then later on Raven said he was dealing with personal stuff. So it's just one of the, a lot of times we just gotta wait and see. We just gotta wait and see for stuff. But anyway, the good news, Jeff's Rebick reported it today that the Ravens have reinstated undrafted free agent wide receiver Devin Williams from the reserve did not report this. And he is back, back on a 90-man roster. So look at that. Just what, two, two, three days later, and he's back already. That's what I'm talking about. That's what I'm talking about. And this is why we just, and it can be hard. Like I understand. I'm not saying, oh, anybody that's jumping to conclusions that I never jumped to conclusions. No, I'd be jumping to conclusions myself sometimes too. But we all, including myself, we just gotta try to be more patient when it comes to certain things. We gotta try to be more patient when it comes to some information. Because in this day and age, of course with social media, the digital age, we used to that instant gratification. We wanted it and we want it now. But it can't always be like that. Now I know something that a lot of people brought to my attention, and I did not put two and two together. Cause we talked about in the initial report where it said that he, where he was getting put on the reserve did not report list. I was thinking, man. Cause I know that throughout his collegiate career, he dealt with a lot. He dealt with a whole lot of off the field stuff with his family, with his mom, with just a lot. He dealt with so much. And if you're dealing with a lot of that stuff throughout college, once you get to the NFL, it doesn't just disappear. It's not like, all right, I'm in the pros now. All right, all my problems gone. No, cause you still gotta deal with life outside of your job. So I was thinking maybe he was dealing with something like that. But a lot of people brought to my attention, Spencer Webb, the player from Oregon, who I think about maybe a week or a week and a half ago, he passed. So they were like, oh, maybe he was dealing with that. And I was like, ah, didn't even think about that. Cause that certainly could be something that will play a part and could play a role in just really throwing somebody off big time. So yeah, man, hopefully with Devin, everything's cleared up now. Hopefully he'll be good to go. Hopefully he'll just go out there and do his thing there. And hopefully for him, really for everybody, even though it's hard to say it, because again, they are football players. Yes, but they are human beings. Yes. And they are human beings before they put on any jersey from any team. So I was gonna say, hopefully now everybody, every Raven player that set the facility and whatnot, getting ready for training camp, hopefully now they don't have any distractions. But I do know, I mean, speaking from experience, we all have experience as human beings, even though we have jobs or do we have work that we need to take care of. We would hope that there wouldn't be any distractions, but that's part of life. Stuff comes up, stuff happens.  But it's nice to see that he is officially back, so good for him. So hopefully this is a long road ahead for him when it comes to just his career in general. He is at a very pivotal point for the Baltimore Ravens, especially given their current situation at the wide receiver position. And I know some people are tired of talking about it.  Respectfully though, of course, because different people got different opinions on the whole wide receiver situation. But he is at such a pivotal point of the Baltimore Ravens, just their franchise, when it comes to the wide receiver position. Because again, they haven't signed any veterans, haven't signed any veterans yet, none. And they're riding with, for now, the only guys that they drafted and then undrafted rookie free agents. And that's it, that's all he got right now.    And if so, then he has a big opportunity here. Because they have four guys that are essential locks. We pretty much figure that those guys are locks. Shaw Baby and James Brochette, Devon Duvenay, Tyler Wallace. Those guys are locks. But there's at least one more receiver spot up for grabs. Maybe two, but definitely one. So Devon Williams, Mackay, Polk, Slade, Bouldin, Shamar, Bridges, Benjamin Victor. Benjamin Victor, I think I said Benjamin. I was about to say Benjamin Victor. Benjamin Victor. It's a big opportunity, man. Huge opportunity. And this season is just so huge because a lot of people have their doubts about the Ravens and their receiver unit. Clue to myself. You all know that? And it's not even necessarily, well, I guess for me it's not necessarily even doubt, it's just that unknown part. It's just unknown. It's like, I don't know. Now, y'all know me, I would much rather, especially Lamar at this point in his career, even though it should have been happening years ago, but at this point in his career, I'm like, I just, I would, me personally, I would rather him go into such a pivotal season, a crucial season. He is in a contract year. Put him in the best position to have the best success. That's one of the biggest reasons why I want them to go out and get a proven guy. Put him in the best position to have the best success. Yeah, I know they got Mark Andrews and he's like that. I know that. Mark Andrews is a tight end though. I just, I want life to be made easier for the Ravens offense. I want them to have more diversity. I want them to have more just create, not even, well, creativity, but not even necessarily creativity, but just options, more options. Oh, that number one corner is taking on Rashad Bateman. Oh, man, he been locking him up all game. Ooh. Oh, man, they double it, Mark Andrews. Oh, man, who else is it gonna be? Not saying the other guys can't do it, but I would rather somebody who's been doing it and who is like that. And the other guys will still get their chances too. They still get the opportunities too. Cause Ravens, they gonna be spreading that thing out more. Well, hopefully. But, I don't know, man, we gonna see. But again, this is such a big year for Lamar Jackson. It's a big year for Greg Roman. And I want Greg Roman to have all the success in the world because that would mean that the Ravens offense would have happened, all the success in the world. So I want him to do a phenomenal job, phenomenal job. T. Martin and Keith Williams. This will be their second year. So they'll be a little more comfortable with the team, a little more comfortable with the squad, a little more comfortable with the receivers. And we're gonna see. We're gonna see if their impact continues. Cause it's already started and we clearly saw it last year. The impact was definitely there. But now, can they take it to that next level? Can they get the guys that the Ravens have to take it to that next level? That's what we're waiting on to see. That's what we're hoping to see. Cause again, I said this before, by no means am I rooting against the guys that the Ravens have. No, not at all.  Whoever's out there for the Ravens.  Hey, if Ravens get a receiver, somebody before the season starts. Okay, cool. Well, depending on who it is, okay, cool. But depending on who it is. And if they don't get a receiver, all right, well, let's roll. Let's see what we got. Let's hope for the best. Shoot for the stars. But yeah, man, I'm, it's just a, it's a very exciting season, but it's a very pivotal season too. It's a very crunch time season. And this season, so much is going to change after this season. And things could go really good. Things could go really bad. It can go either way, but there will be a lot of change after this season because so many people are in crunch time. So many people on the Baltimore Ravens, personnel, play it well, players are personnel, but coaching staff, so many people are in crunch time for the Baltimore Ravens. So we're going to see who ends up showing up. And who doesn't, and who doesn't? Hopefully everybody shows up though, because that would be great. And that would mean that the Ravens had a lot of success, a whole lot of success. But anyway, team, keep it clean. I love y'all. I appreciate y'all and shout out to Good News. We out.


I hesitate to go too much into data about how much carbon can be stored through regenerative practices, holistic grazing. These numbers can be helpful to give permission to the inner bean counter that wants to do these things anyway. To fit it into the language of policy, which prides itself so much on being scientific, what do we really mean by scientific? We mean quantitative reasoning, doing things by the numbers, and that has its place. But to paraphrase Einstein in his over quoted saying, we cannot solve the problems that face us today from the same level of thinking that created them. So to extend quantitative reasoning, to extend financial incentives to a new level isn't going to bring us to the place of love that we need to occupy to really do what we need to do. Not necessarily to save the planet, not because bad things are going to happen to us, but because we love this place. What if we could, what if we could, through geoengineering, through carbon sucking machines, through algae pools to make oxygen, bleaching the sky with sulfur aerosols. What if we could endlessly engineer our way out of each crisis and end up on a concrete world where all human beings still survive and in fact have rising incomes. And every measure and are better off by every measure. What if we could achieve that at the expense of all the rest of life on earth? Would we want to do that? This is the transition that's upon us into a different set of values, a different set of motivations.


quote, in short, the main problem with our society is that our education system is designed to instill obedience and it has done so extremely well. We have willingly consumed propaganda to the point where our hypnosis has turned us into servants of totalitarian regimes. And Allah says, love this book. And that's a quote from the article I wrote, right? And that's the reason I really began, not the reason I began, but the reason I continue my work with mathematics. I began making the math videos is because to help out a family member, and I started getting feedback when I upload the videos, people saying this is great. So I continued that work. And the reason I continue to make these educational videos is because George Carlin told us what it's going to take. Half of humanity is dumber than the average person.  We need to raise the education level of our societies in regards to mathematics, economics, politics, history, society, everything, everything, especially, especially, especially in Canada, United States. Again, straight up, from here, I've taught a lot of people interacted with a lot of people in regards to mathematics from the United States and Canada. Our education system in these two countries is zero. It is indoctrination. It is garbage. My recommendation to anyone that has children in school, or you're thinking about putting your children in centralized indoctrination centers, do not do it. You're creating cannon fodder for the globalists. Okay, don't do it. It has completely collapsed.


Welcome. I'm joined today by Captain Janet Bristol, Branch Head of Uniform Policy for the Chief Naval Personnel. Here, talk about the rollout and policy of the NW Type 3, released in a recent Nav Admin. Ma'am, thank you for being here. Morning, MC2. Thanks for having me. So what can you tell us about the where roles of the NW Type 3, such as the brown fleece and the brown boots? And how will that affect sailors? That's a great question, MC2. So black fleece and black boots are primary in Conus. Brown boots may be worn optionally upon approval of the commanding officer. When it comes to brown fleece, that's only in O Conus where during operations by our expeditionary forces or individual augmentees. So when will sailors see an increase in their clothing replacement allowance? And what will that cover? So the clothing replacement allowance will start on October, and sailors will start seeing an increase in their clothing replacement allowance over the next two years. It will cover all of the items required for purchase for this rollout of the uniform. And it will vary by sailor because the clothing replacement allowance is added into individual sailor pay on their anniversary date. So what is the distribution plan for the uniform? So our fielding plan is a regional rollout. And we start always with recruit training command in Great Lakes issuing the uniform to our recruits. Officer Candidate School. We're also starting in region Southwest on one October. Then we're going to move to the Southeast region in January of 18. We moved to Midland July of 2018. And then Japan in 2019 January. And then we finish up in region Northwest in March of 19. OK. Yep. A lot of good information. So what can you tell us about the boot study? So we have the CNO would like better boots for our sailors. We've had some dissatisfaction with the comfort of our current Navy issue Black Boot. And so we're currently testing boots on board the USS Boxer and the USS Monterey with 350 sailors. And we're testing three types of Black Boots that are eight inch level boots. And we hope to have a decision on what the outcomes were from the study for leadership decision by the end of the year. OK, great. Awesome. So why is this change necessary? Why the NW type three? So we try to take sailor feedback into consideration every time we make uniform change. And we've heard sailors who say the type one is a little bit uncomfortable, heavy, not very breathable. So moving to the type three, it's a more comfortable uniform. It's more breathable. It's lighter weight. And I think that we've listened to sailors what they want. But we're also moving towards greater uniformity. And so we're reducing the number of camouflage patterns that we wear from three to two. And so I think that's a good change. Great. Awesome. Well, anything else that you would like to add? Well, I just think this is an exciting change for the Navy. And we've already been receiving a lot of positive feedback. Awesome. Great. Well, ma'am, thank you for being here and answering all the questions. Absolutely. My pleasure. Thanks. And thank you all for watching.


Hi, this is my second lecture in the topic called transformations and waiting to correct model in adequacy. In simple linear regression model or in the multiple linear regression model we make some basic assumptions on the regression model like we assume that the error terms have mean 0 constant variance and they are uncorrelated and also we assume that the error terms follow normal distribution. Now, given a set of data how do you know the given data follow or they satisfy the basic assumption we made for regression fitting. So, to check whether your data satisfy the basic assumption or not, we have learned several techniques in the module called model adequacy checking. And in this regard the residual plot is an effective technique to test whether the model assumptions are satisfied or not. So, what you do there is that you fit a simple linear regression model and then you find the residuals and you plot residuals against the estimated response. So, if you see that the residuals are sort of scattered or centered about the line e equal to 0 then the model is satisfactory and then you can assume that the constant variance assumption is correct. But, if you see from the scatter plot from the residual plot that the residuals are sort of the residual fit is similar to say outward open funnel or inward open funnel. That means, the constant variance assumption is not true and similarly, if your residual plot is similar to say double bow then also the constant variance assumption is not correct. So, if you have a data x i and y i and you know how to check whether data satisfy the basic assumptions or not. Suppose, your data does not satisfy the basic assumption we made in the linear regression fit then what we do in the current module or in the current topic is that we learn here what to do in this situation when the given data does not satisfy the basic assumptions. So, we talked about two techniques in the previous class and here is the content of this topic called variance stabilizing transformation. So, we take some transformation on the response variable to correct the non-constant variance assumption and also we talked about transformations to linearize the model and we are left with analytical math methods to select a transformation and generalized and weighted least square. So, today we will be talking about this generalized and weighted least square technique. First, let me talk about weighted least square. So, linear regression model with non-constant variance can be fitted by the method of weighted least square. So, if you can recall that for the for simple linear regression model the model is y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 x plus epsilon. So, what you do to estimate what is the ordinary least square? So, we are talking about weighted least square here. The ordinary least square is to is a technique to estimate this regression coefficient and there we estimate the regression coefficient beta naught and beta 1 by minimizing this quantity s equal to summation y i minus beta naught minus beta 1 x i whole square. So, this is the observed response and this is the fitted response and this quantity is the residual. So, this is nothing but the i th residual e i square. So, in the ordinary least square technique we minimize this quantity we minimize the difference between the original response value and the estimated response value to estimate this regression coefficients. Now, what we do here is that instead of minimizing this quantity we minimize this is called for weighted least square the weighted least square function is just to multiply by w i. So, w i is the weight given to the i th observation and here w i is proportional to 1 by sigma i square. So, see here we are talking about a model with non constant variance that means, y i is coming from a population with variance sigma i square. So, w i is proportional to 1 by sigma i square and then you find the normal equation. So, you have to estimate beta naught and beta 1 by using weighted least square the normal equations are partial derivative of s with respect to beta naught equal to 0. This gives summation w i y i equal to beta naught hat summation w i plus beta 1 hat. So, this is the first normal equation and the second normal equation is obtained by differentiating this weighted least square function s with respect to beta 1 equal to 0. This gives summation w i y i x i equal to beta naught hat summation w i x i plus beta 1 hat summation w i x i square. So, you have two normal equations and two unknown beta naught and beta 1 by solving these two equations, you will get an estimate of the regression coefficients beta naught and beta 1 hat beta and beta 1. Now, I did not say anything about why the weight is proportional to 1 by sigma i square and the other concern here is that, see you are given just data set like x i y i for i equal to 1 to n nothing else. So, you do not know what is this sigma i square for your given set of data. So, I will come back to this point the first of all why this weight is proportional to 1 by sigma i square and how to get this sigma i square. So, I just know give an idea of what is weighted least square. So, this is very similar to the ordinary least square, but here we are giving weight w i to the ith observation and that w i is proportional to 1 by sigma i square, but how do I get this sigma i square and why it is why this weight is proportional to 1 by sigma i square that I am going to tell in this class only well. So, now, I need some prerequisite to talk about generalized least square. So, first one is called Gauss Markov theorem. So, this theorem says that for regression model y equal to x beta plus epsilon. So, this is a multiple linear regression model with expectation of epsilon equal to 0 and variance of epsilon equal to sigma square i. That means, it satisfy the basic assumption of multiple linear regression model. It is constant variance and the expectation is 0 and they are uncorrelated you can see the covariance terms are all equal to 0 because this is the identity matrix. For regression model with this the least square estimators are unbiased and have minimum variance when compared with all other unbiased estimator that are linear combination of the response values y i square. So, what this Gauss Markov theorem says is that for the multiple linear regression model satisfying the basic assumption. So, we apply the ordinary least square technique here and we know the estimate. We know that beta, beta hat using least square estimator because this is a linear regression model. So, we apply the ordinary least square technique here and we know the estimate. We know that beta, beta hat using least square estimate beta hat is equal to x prime x inverse x prime y. So, what this Gauss Markov theorem says that the estimator obtained by least square estimate this is unbiased and it has the minimum variance compared to all other unbiased estimator. So, this is the minimum variance which are linear in y. So, the estimator obtained by using least square technique is the best among all linear unbiased estimator. So, this least square estimators are unbiased best linear unbiased estimator these are called blue. So, this is what the Gauss Markov theorem is and let me talk little bit about I hope that you know about positive definite matrix still I will recall it. So, a matrix n cross n matrix m is positive definite if z prime m z is strictly greater than 0 for all non-zero non-zero unbiased estimator. So, this is vectors z belongs to r to the power n. So, to make this definition clear I will give some example of positive definite matrix. So, example 1 this is basically I 2 0 1 sorry 1 0 0 1 consider this matrix.  So, this is a positive definite matrix. So, you know this is similarly you can prove that I n identity matrix of order n this is also positive definite. Let me give one more example, example 2 consider this matrix which is equal to 2 minus 1 0 minus 1 2 minus 1 0 minus 1 2. So, this is a matrix involving some negative entry, but this is positive definite. Because you take a z, z equal to say z 1 z 2 z 3. So, it is basically it is from r 3, then you can check that z prime m z is equal to z 1 square plus z 1 minus z 2 square plus z 1 minus z 2 square plus z 2 minus z 3 square plus z 3 square and this is strictly greater than 0 because of the fact that all this z 1 z 2 z 3 they are real and at least one of them is positive. So, you may think that you know that if there are some positive terms in the matrix then it is positive definite. I just give one more example say example 3 which is not positive definite. So, take this matrix m all positive terms 1 2 2 1, but this is not positive definite because if you take z non 0 say 1 minus 1 then you can check that 1 minus 1 1 2 2 1 1 minus 1 this is equal to minus 2 which is less than 0. So, for so this is an example of a matrix which is not positive definite. For a huge class of example covariance matrix matrices are positive definite. In fact, every positive definite matrix is covariance matrix. So, next I will move to the generalized least square thing generalized least square. So, here what we will do is that we will develop weighted least square for multiple regression. So, first recall the multiple linear regression model. So, you consider the same model say y equal to x beta plus epsilon with expectation of epsilon is equal to 0. So, what we will do and variance of epsilon is equal to v into sigma square and this one this v into sigma square cannot be written as i sigma square. So, this is important because whatever we have done before for the multiple linear regression model we have assumed that expectation of e equal to 0 and variance of e is equal to sigma square i. So, sigma square i means here the constant variance assumption is true. That means, all the variance of epsilon i is equal to sigma square for all i and they are uncorrelated. That is why you can see here the e is equal to of diagonal elements are 0 here, but here this is not true. So, this v is this is the covariance covariance matrix and here v is positive definite. So, here now we are trying to fit a multiple linear regression model y equal to x beta plus epsilon where expectation of epsilon is equal to 0 and, but the constant variance assumption is not true. Here the variance of epsilon is equal to v into sigma square. That means, the variance there exist inequality in variances and also the epsilon i's are not necessarily they are uncorrelated. They are correlated here that is why you can see that here v is positive definite. It involves some non-zero of diagonal terms. So, this happens this happens when observations y have unequal variances and or observations are not equal to 0. So, this is not true. They are correlated. So, here is the violation of the basic assumption in the multiple linear regression model we assumed before. So, now in either case the condition of Gauss Markov theorem are conditions of Gauss Markov theorems are violated. So, beta hat which is equal to x prime x inverse x prime y, which is this is the estimator of beta using the ordinary least square estimator is not the best linear unburst estimator. Now, what we do here is that in this situation also it is possible to find blue of beta best linear unburst estimator of beta for arbitrary positive definite v by suitable linear transformation on the model. So, what we do is that we have this model at this moment multiple linear regression model y equal to x beta plus epsilon. Now, we will take a linear transformation on this model. We multiply this model by g and we take a linear transformation on this model. So, now note that what is the variance of. So, this is the transform model now. So, the variance of g epsilon I mean we have you have to choose the right g of course. So, how do you choose this g is the variance of g epsilon is equal to sigma square g v g prime. So, this is because because the variance of epsilon is equal to v sigma square. So, what we are doing here is that you are given the data x y. So, x y the given data does not satisfy the model assumption it has non constant variance. And then we transform this data to g epsilon x g y. Now, our problem is to choose a correct g such that this quantity is identity. So, we want to make we have to choose g in such a way such that g v g prime is equal to identity. So, therefore, if we choose g such that g v g prime is equal to I then the transform data then the transformed data satisfy Gauss Markov. So, if we choose g such that g v g prime is equal to I then the transform data then the transformed data satisfy Gauss Markov. So, conditions and the blue base linear unburst estimator of beta is obtained by ordinary least square estimator of transformed data. So, my original data does not satisfy Gauss Markov satisfy the basic assumption it has inequality in variances and they are not they are correlated. So, we transform the data to g x and g y and we have to choose this g in such a way that the transform error has variance sigma square I. So, once we have the transform now since the transform error has variance sigma square I. So, it satisfy the Gauss Markov theorem satisfy the conditions of Gauss Markov theorem and that is why the blue of B can be obtained by ordinary least square estimator of transform data. So, here this g v g prime equal to I which is equivalent to v equal to or v inverse is equal to g prime g and and which is equivalent to v equal to g inverse g prime inverse. So, now what is the least square? So, you have to choose a g in such a way that v equal to g inverse g prime inverse well. Now if we apply the ordinary least square estimator on the transform data what will get is that we will get beta hat equal to x prime g prime g x inverse x prime g g y. How we got this thing because see in case of ordinary least square estimator beta hat is equal to x prime x inverse x prime y. So, what I am doing here is that you just replace x by g x and y by g y because we are working on the transform data g x and g y. So, you put you replace this x by g x you will get this formula and the variance of and finally, this can be also written as let me write here this can also written as in terms of v I can write that this is equal to x prime v inverse x inverse x prime v inverse x prime v inverse x prime y. So, this is the blue obtained using generalized least square technique and the variance of beta hat is equal to sigma square x prime g prime g x inverse. This is same as the before we had you know in case of ordinary least square we had variance of beta hat is equal to sigma square x prime x inverse. So, what you are doing here what you are doing here is that we just replacing x by g x and in terms of v this can be written as sigma square x prime v inverse x inverse. So, this one is the generalized least square estimator of regression coefficient and here is the variance.   Well, so v is a positive definite matrix. So, it is always possible to find a symmetric g by using the order of the matrix. So, orthogonal decomposition of positive definite v. So, we can positive definite matrix v can be written as u prime capital lambda inverse u where capital lambda is the diagonal matrix of Eigen values and u is the matrix of Eigen vectors. So, what we want is that well v is a positive definite matrix that we know from there we can and then v can be decomposed in this way. Now, we want to write we want to find g so this implies v inverse is equal to u inverse capital lambda u prime inverse and I want to write this v inverse as g prime g then the choice for g is g equal to capital lambda half u prime g equal to capital lambda half u prime inverse. So, this is the choice for g. Well, so what we have learned here is that if your given data does not satisfy the basic assumption of constant variance if there are inequality in the variances and also if the errors are correlated or observations are correlated then we have I mean then variance of epsilon is cannot be written as sigma square into i it is v into sigma square where v is a positive definite matrix and then from that v we can find g such that if you take the transformation I just talked about here if you take the transformation then transformation like g y equal to g x b eta plus g epsilon then you work on the transform data and then the ordinary least square the transform data now satisfy all the basic assumptions and then you can apply ordinary least square technique on the transform data. So, this is what the generalized least square technique is and now we will show how this generalized least square I mean how we can get what weighted least square technique as a particular case of generalized least square. So, we already know what is generalized least square and an important special case important case is weighted least square. So, at the beginning I talked about weighted least square and then I said that instead of I mean we have to find the regression coefficient by minimizing this w i e i square where w i is proportional to 1 by sigma square and then I said that you know I will explain this why this weight is proportional to 1 by sigma square. So, now we know generalized least square and as a particular case weighted least square is a particular case of generalized least square. So, here observations are uncorrelated and have unequal variance. So, uncorrelated means the op diagonal elements are equal to 0. So, variance of epsilon you can take this as sigma square 0 0 0 these are the covariance term all the covariance as a 0 because it is uncorrelated 0 sigma 2 square 0 0 sigma n square. So, this is the variance covariance matrix well. So, this is equal to my v and I want to find a g such that v inverse is equal to g prime g and here it is easy you can very easily find a g such that v inverse is g prime g. You can check that the choice of g is equal to just v to the power of minus half. So, this is equal to v to the power of this is my v. So, this is equal to 1 by sigma 1 0 0 0 0 1 by sigma 2. So, if you choose this g you can check that v inverse is g prime g and this one is nothing but diagonal 1 by sigma 1 1 by sigma 2 1 by sigma n. So, now my beta hat is equal to we know that beta hat is equal to x prime v inverse x inverse x prime v inverse x prime v inverse x prime v inverse y and if we write my weight is equal to v inverse then this is nothing but x prime w x inverse x prime w y and variance of the variance of the variance of the variance. So, the variance of beta hat is equal to x prime v inverse x inverse which is equal to x prime w x inverse. So, this explain this explain. So, this is the weight we are talking about in the weighted the in the weighted least square the weight is nothing but this v inverse. Then whereas, v is this matrix and then it is clear that y w i is proportional to 1 by sigma i square. So, I explain this part, but still I need to explain one more thing. So, I explain why this weight w i is proportional to 1 by sigma i square, but I will explain in my next class how to get this sigma i square because see you are just given a set of observations or a data set x i y i and from that data you identified that some of the basic assumptions like constant variance and normality assumptions are violated. To correct those assumptions what you do is that you are going for weighted least square now to apply weighted least square you need to know sigma i squares right. So, in the next class, but sigma i squares are of course not given. So, in the next class I will take an example which the example gives you just a set of observation x i and y i and then we will first realize that for that observation the some basic operations are violated and then we will try to apply weighted least square estimated to correct that model and of course for that we need to find the sigma i square and we will talk about how to find sigma i squares in the next lecture. Thank you very much.


I think people are going to look back at this particular time. You know, it's a really tempestuous, you know, both environmentally and socially. And I think it's going to be a very important thing for people to be able to go back and say exactly what was going on here. And how is this shift from sort of formalism to, quote, sustainability, and then, you know, real community engagement, how that'll happen, and what it looked like. I had a very complicated relationship with sort of French formal design because in the 80s everything was sort of post-modern and I was very conflicted about it. And I thought I turned more to Asia. It's been a lot of time, you know, doing the Living Water Park and Chengdu and Sichuan and working in India. And so I never went to Europe. And in the last two years, all of a sudden I'm back. I think it's very interesting after you've kind of made your own path to kind of come back to something that people think of as conventional and realize how radical, how deeply radical it was.


US Air Force and Navy aircraft line up on the runway during an elephant walk at Kadena Air Base, Japan, November 21, 2023. Kadena's ability to rapidly generate US air power is a vital function of its mission to ensure the stability and security of the Indo-Pacific region. The elephant walk highlight a portion of the base's joint air power capability, signifying Kadena's role in maintaining readiness, peace and stability in the region.


Yeah, we were building the PL Compass out of the last weeks and it started super well during the design phases and ideations in the launchpad. So great shout out to everyone who made it real and possible to organize it. But basically, out of it, we have defined that we want to build a solution for everyone working at PL and also externally to have a discoverability for projects which are being created in PL in GitHub. And in order to improve discoverability and traceability of the projects developed running and deprecated by people at ProtocolApps without also the need for the manual database management. What we see for many existing solutions was the problem is kind of maintenance of the databases and no one really put an effort to do so. Projects are being, tables being outdated and then there is no source of information which you can reliably trust in a certain amount of time. What we wanted to build in this case was a simple website similar to existing ecosystem, Filecoin.io and other dashboards, but which will be focusing on navigating across existing tools, across existing GitHub projects and across developers in ProtocolApps for better structure and discoverability and love for the projects being created in PL. And the core for our functionality was better UI for understanding what's happening for all of the PL projects, discoverability of the projects and highlight stuff that's already been developed and identify the main developers. We also had a vision for, across the development, feel free to join our mirror boards, I would be happy to invite everyone and also share our resources. I want to give a shout out also to, I want also to highlight the work of Russell without him, this project will not be possible at all and he put a tremendous effort in building it all from scratch. So thank you, also thank a lot to Russell and this is what we were envisioning for our project in the next steps. So we'll have a landing page where certain projects will be discoverable, also some statistics but the core functionality will be a search of all the repositories which are inside the PL and in all the repositories, main core repositories such as IPFS, Filecoin and LibP2P, then obtain all the collaborators out of it, and then retrieve from all the collaborators all the GitHub projects which they have ever developed, either within a PL or basically any public projects. This will give us an outlook of a who's working in a PL or a contributor of a PL and all the projects which we govern, and then once we have this database we can also query backwards and see additional information in the same website. First on repository click, who is developing it who is maintaining it who is the owner of it, and whom can I address. If I have questions issues or want to have additional information about it. Also, we can have a, we will have a functionality evolve on contributor click where we see a lot of problems people to discover how can I reach a certain person or how can I contribute to a project etc etc. So, from this from the same database when we click on a person, we can also get all the projects he contributes to, and his PL affinity, and how to reach him how to talk to a human in one single step button something like that. And from here I would actually love to give the floor to Russell to also show us the demo. So it's all real it's alive and I'm happy to give you the floor. Thanks, Constantine. I was late on the unauthenticated GitHub rate limiting implementation so on on the public site. You can go to it now, and the data is being cached so that eventually when it loads, it will stay in your local storage for up to 24 hours session storage technically but also local storage.  There's currently a bug where it'll do the sorting when you click into the filter. So, that's not zoom in into the website page. Absolutely. Yeah, yeah, yeah, let me. Right now we're not doing pagination or anything I'm just querying ecosystem dashboard the site that we use for our triage sessions and things like that because there's already a lot of GitHub scraping being done there. So, I'm just calling, you know, the, the file system, or sorry, file coin and live p2p and the IPFS ecosystem dashboard sites and getting just, you know, the first 20 results from those. Sorting by ecosystem store to begin ecosystem score which is something that's implemented there. In the query to the ecosystem dashboard. There is sorting and you can hold shift to sort by stars and then by subscribers and different things you know so multi multi sort here works. And you can search globally across all of them to search for something like JavaScript. It doesn't currently search on the right hand side because these are these these last two columns are generated on the fly. But it is currently querying GitHub for the top three contributors so there's no owner per se for all of these repositories. And if there is we haven't implemented anything to to retrieve anything that exists now but hopefully part of this project can go towards establishing owners inside of these repos. But yeah we plan on adding some pagination and getting all of the repos here and then you, ideally you would search for like hey I want to do something with tokens, you know, or whatever else and it would search all of those. Also there's no back end storage currently. So, it's all generated on the fly but since it's cashed, you know, it'll it'll pop up immediately for you. And then one is yes still loading I beat up the GitHub API so yeah but it's currently linking to GitHub here linked to the org here. This will take you to the full contributors page on GitHub. And these links link to the actual contributors pages themselves but we plan on adding some links to the ecosystem dashboard or ecosystem research pages as well because there's a lot of stats and data on there. But yeah part of all of this work there's been some improvements made to the ecosystem dashboard page if you look on the ecosystem dashboard repository. There's multiple of them to there's one for Filecoin and other but I've been working a lot with Andrew and Andrew has done a ton of Andrew Nesbitt he's done a ton of updates to the existing ecosystem research ecosystem dashboard sites. As part of this work so huge thanks to Andrew as well for all his support. The main plan for us is right now to build either a new database which will start populate the data so it's consistent which we can query afterwards, and then build on top of this functionality all the features which we have discussed and will be describing. Everything is also linked to our GitHub. And if anyone is interested or seeing potential in it feel free to contribute so this will be an ongoing project and I think the more we develop it the more handy it will be for everyone inside the community to navigate across what's happening all around the world. So that being said I would just say again thanks to everyone who made the launchpad possible. It was an awesome time even to take part of it to take part in it. Thank you.


Welcome to English in a minute. From home. Desperate can mean things are very bad or very difficult. What in the world are you doing? Jonathan, I'm playing Connect 4 and it's close. Isn't that for two players? Yes, but I'm alone, so I have to play against myself. Wow. Well, I guess desperate times call for desperate measures. Hey! I won! And I lost. In difficult times, we do things we probably wouldn't have to do in normal times. The phrase desperate times call for desperate measures is a way of expressing this. Just to be clear, playing Connect 4 by yourself is a little desperate. And that's English in a minute.


Hey everybody, thanks for sticking with us when we're over there at the free free street I guess they're the free street bar and grill cavern. So that was a lot of fun. That was a gentleman named Anthony I forgot his last name, but he's a part of the group. He's still playing there But please don't go over there until you watch a little bit more of our show Because we actually have a great hip-hop artist Bliss to Chrome Young guy he's gonna play a couple of songs for us But let's hear one of his first songs now Then we'll sit down talking about what it's like to be a high school student and a rapper as well So bliss to Chrome is gonna take it away.   You ain't even this discussion Bitches love their problems public. I don't even want it.  Not bad.  I'll be honest. I've been stressed God, please hear my breath. I've been working every night to get my grandkids, right? SF on my back.   We'll ask I stopped too early You know, I'm squeaky pearly with my aura straight from her creep Shining like a diamond.   We got dreams and ambitions They're more than just a mission. Yeah, that's the reason God keeps giving. That's my reason to keep living Oh again. Hello. I always say hello. I'm back Me and Alex, which is the real name of blister chrome. We're chillin. Is that what the young people say nowadays chillin Chillin out. We're chillin like villains I'm not that old. I'm a generation of the beastie boys guys like that from the 80s But anyways, mr.  Is this true? Yeah. Yeah, okay Senior in high school at the casco. Hi, so Casco Bay Do you like it there's pretty hello? I like it a lot Sure, just a great big music scene at the school So is that is that like a we'll delve into a little more different things But I am curious about performing art school kind of in a sense or yeah I mean, I mean it wasn't like made for that, but that it that's kind of become the audience And is that up on the east end? It's it's near Riverton. Okay. Yeah a little out of town that way So do you do at that school? Are you invested in the arts quite a bit? Do you do a lot of things there? I mean Yeah, I mean I do some I Don't think I've ever really performed there, but I've done announcements about my music there. Okay. Yeah So but is that a school that's focused a little more on like painting and doing things? Yeah So what year how old were you I always like to kind of rewind the tape When did you first start rapping? Are we doing other instruments or yeah? I started playing piano when I was like six. Okay, six And then I played piano for a long time then it turned into singing and I sang ever since I was around the same age when I was really little and then um, I was my like like to be creative like without any like boundaries or like Any anybody telling me exactly how to create so I kind of transferred into making my own music And it started with just like songwriting and then as it got older I started like learning how to use the technology in the software and then I'd say about Freshmen to sophomore year of high school. I started putting out my own music And did you start out by really writing a lot of stuff that was very personal to yourself? Yeah, yeah, like like I still do to this day, but I always had like a notebook that I brought with me Right, right. Yeah, that's coming up with things. Yeah, yeah and thoughts and stuff I mean this is an angsty time for everybody in their lives Yeah, because there's a lot of things to figure out and so yeah, I think you're you're you're graduating you're making a move Is that is that what I hear? I'm going to Atlanta. Okay, Atlanta, Georgia. Yeah, have you been there before? This is the first time to check it out. It's gonna be my first time. Yeah, and do you want to pursue music full-time there? Yeah, yeah, that's why I'm moving with my friend Yokai ball. He's on the last Interview that I did here, but he um, he's coming with me. Okay. Okay Are you guys flying out there? You're doing a road trip. How's it go? We're probably gonna fly out there. I was Yeah, that's probably the best idea. I'm probably just yeah, I don't know if road trip road trip and yeah, it's not the same as it was Yeah, it's a good flight. Is that going to be like in the fall or are you thinking of doing that like soon in the summer? It's gonna be early August early August So tell us about the new album that you got coming up in the new songs and things like oh, yeah I doubt that was one of them. I actually like I've like re Re I've changed the date of when the album was gonna come out like four times now because I've remade the album like four times already.   And so like I've I think it's really perfected That's why that performance is kind of rough like I don't even like know the lyrics yet But it's for fun and like it sounded great in there, but I mean you're always working on new stuff Yeah, what's the what is the kind of hip-hop scene in Portland? I mean, I feel like It's it's they've been trying for a long time. Yeah, he's like it's got there yet or needs I mean, it's like it's getting carried by the youth. Obviously. I feel like right now But I feel like there's a lot of opportunity for it to like Become way bigger than it is because it's already I feel like there's a solid foundation right now because At least a lot of people in my grade or my that are in my class of 2023. They like Most of them love rap music. So right it's it's never gone out of style Yeah, and and I mean I really feel like that the technology has changed so much that it was really not something that probably Guys at my age when I was your age could do we didn't really have Our computers were doing like ones and zeros. I got my one of my directors out here He's not in because back in our day We were doing like a little Pong coin back and forth and things and Super Mario brothers was high tech But nowadays, I mean you could do a lesson. So are you doing your own beats a lot too or yeah? Yeah, I produce a lot of my on this new album. I produced about all of them But yokai Apollo that I'm with who I've been making music with he's he started as a producer and he's been like Killing it with producing music. He's like that's like his thing and he also puts out music and he's gotten big numbers recently too So we're kind of like both helping each other produce for each other and Yeah, and I saw a special like a documentary about Kanye West Yeah, and he was producing for a lot of people and they didn't really think he could be that's the front man But it's so needed. It seems like right that guys are really good producer. It's creative and comes up with stuff Yeah, usually when you produce you learn how to engineer and master and like that stuff that you need to be able to Have a good grasp on to be able to put out like decent sounding music And do you use pro tools or that type of thing? I use FL studio, okay? Okay, but I've used pro tools and Ableton I've been all over the place with it But I mainly use FL studios and so just a couple more questions for you And then we'll probably see if you could do one more song for us Like what what do you find that your lyrics are often about are they a lot of times about what's going on in your life or? Just having fun or yeah, I'd say I'd say I Try to make my lyrics as meaningful as possible and I take time on them So like a lot of my lyrics will be either talking about something that's been going on That's going to happen or something that you know People wouldn't know unless they listen to the music and like listen to the lyrics right right yeah, and that at 18 years old It's I mean it's kind of a difficult time, right? Yeah, it's like you got a lot of things and and you ever feel like for guys the guy who works with us a couple of them They're they're your age was this past couple years particularly traumatizing or just difficult or was it kind of just like a weird Because of COVID yeah weird time off or something. I mean honestly like I was like I was shown Easton care Yeah, I was I was in my room making music all day Yeah, I think that a lot of these parents have made it seem like oh man. It was so hard on these kids But I mean I mean when I was your age, I didn't like going to school So I mean I guess if you don't have to it's kind of a better thing You can like see the effects of it socially like yes. Yeah, and do you feel like that's I mean you seem like an outgoing guy Do you feel like that's happening more and more with people your age that they're becoming almost more Autistic in a sense of socially, you know, I mean basically. Yeah, you know, they can't deal with things outside of their phone I mean people have definitely showed that yeah, I mean I'd say people are like more introverted introverted Yeah, well, yeah, yeah, you know, I mean it's basically the idea that it's like right now They're not able to Socially interact with people on on that same level, but do you feel like that's something that really got lost in that couple of Years or I mean when it's like When it's a thing that happened to a massive amount of people it almost becomes like a new norm So it's easy. It's easy for people to kind of See that it's just kind of writing on the wall in a way. Yeah, it's kind of like everyone has I mean we you got to deal with it. Everyone dealt with it. So it's like Everyone's kind of in the same boat in the same boat So what's the next saw that you're gonna do for us? Is that the one that was on your last album or on that that one right there's unreleased that one was This one I'm doing is called nip nip see hustles like nip see hustle named after a guy that's inspired me, but like It probably came out like a year a year ago And so like I'm gonna try and remember how it goes. Yeah. Yeah, I think you'll do okay. Yeah, but nip see hustle I mean he was died not so long ago I know that was a big big thing, but he did a lot for the community and was well Like I'm I just inspired by his work ethic. Yeah, right. That was the thing. Well We'll get you up there. Are we gonna we got I think a one or two minutes to talk a little bit I'm my director saying we got another couple minutes. Talk to the audience out there What is there anything else that you wanted to kind of talk about? We're a pretty loose show here loose show. Oh, yeah, I mean I Don't know I'd say I got a music video coming out. Okay. Yeah this Wednesday nice. Yeah Shot usually I have a Joe mushroom who's here with us last but he's he's in mass right now and he hasn't been around so me and yokai shot it and we edited it took like two weeks, but We put a lot of work into it and I just also want to say like I made a I had to make When I changed my name it used to be Zuko kick ass when I changed it from that to bliss to chroma on Distribution platforms you have to make whole new accounts and whole new platforms for everything and like I've like grown an insane rate like super fast on the platforms and I've been like super grateful for that and I a Little birdie in the booth told me that you kind of switched your style to more melodic a little bit Is that something that's been going on like I've been experimenting because I don't think there's much longevity in an artist that can only do one thing so like I've been trying to reach a broader audience With going more melodic, but also keeping more boom-bap style. So my album that's coming out on Sunday I'm like I've merged boom-bap and melodic into one album And if we have a second before because I'm always the guy who wants to know what is boom-bap is that that's a so That's more you're saying that's more rhythmic or something than melodic. I mean melodic. I mean they're both rhythmic I'd say boom-bap It's more about the style and the beat style and the rhythm style There's more it's more drum. I mean it's more drum focused. It's more it's a more classic sound classic rap sound But a lot it can be you can get in the R&B a little bit And it's more experimental. I mean that's where the new genres come from but like I still love boom-bap Well, I'm looking forward to hear another song from you I know we're getting ready to I think do a commercial and then we'll set you up to do another song and See how that goes. Yeah, so thanks a lot Alex. I appreciate it We'll be right back guys. Thanks So I don't want me a Jane look at my passing and brought me some shame I was dead. He ain't needing it. Okay. What's wrong side?  You know my dream started itching to pray I never imagine I make it this far not where I want to be working it hard Child to God deserving applause trying to recoup from getting these scars taking my chances I pray to the stars Shout out my girl got a beautiful heart leave in the legacy making a mark Come from the ace. I don't know me at all. How you my friend and you want me to fall always support when you needed a car Mr. Pulaski. I'm talking about job holding the block. Yeah, I guess kind of hard Way too that far homies even money don't know where to start all the money. I can look at the charts Yeah, this Really like Yo Kai Joe


Okay. All right. Good afternoon. Today is Monday, January 22nd, 2024. This is a convening of the screening subcommittee for the executive director search and GC meeting 10. I am I mean a Brian, one of the commissioners. I am the chair of the subcommittee. We are doing this meeting using remote collaboration technology. So I'm going to take a roll call. Commissioner Maynard. I'm here. I'm here. Director Mulder. I am here. And I am as well. So, moving on to the main order business today, item two, which is their view and consideration of selected first round candidates for the position of executive director. Committee anticipates that may need an executive session in conjunction with the initial screening process to review and consider specific first round candidates for the position of executive director and according to the general chapter 30 and subsection 21 a eight meeting that it will have a dept or mental effect on obtained qualified applicants for this position. Can they anticipate that the open session of this meeting will not reconvene at the conclusion of the executive session. Do I have a motion to go into executive session. And move that we go into executive session for the reasons and the matters articulated by the chair. Second. Okay. And I'll take roll. Commissioner Maynard. Hi. CFO Lenin. Hi. Director Mulder. Hi. I am I so for zero to go in and before we do that, just making sure there's no other matters that we're not reasonably anticipated at the time of the posting of the agenda. None. Okay. So seeing none that concludes the public portion of the meeting will now go into the executive session.