In the last class we have seen how to get the expression for non-dimensional thrust for a turbojet when we had the condition that the flow is optimally expanded through the nozzle optimally expanded through the nozzle is a condition that is most times not satisfied the other condition that is the flow is choked as it leaves the nozzle is the most probable one in case of turbojets okay turbojets as I said in the previous classes other than what was used on concord all other turbojet engines are primarily convergent nozzle they do not use a convergent divergent nozzle this is because the exit pressure after the turbine is very low so you do not have a scope for using a convergent divergent nozzle okay. So let us look at the case where the flow is choked why the exit of the convergent nozzle what does this mean the exit of the convergent nozzle the flow is choked what does it imply to our thrust equation if you remember our thrust equation was f is equal to m.a x right this is our thrust equation if the flow at the exit of the nozzle is choked then what it means is this part is not going to 0 in all the previous expressions that we had derived we had assumed that the exit of the nozzle the exit pressure is equal to the ambient pressure that is the condition for optimally expanded flow now we are saying that the flow is only choked and p7 need not be equal to p0. So here p7 is not equal to p0 so therefore it will produce a pressure thrust also typically pressure thrust is around 20 to 25% of the overall thrust so this is not a small portion so in this class let us look at how to do this analysis when we have this condition before we go there what are you mean by flow in the nozzle is choked when do we say that when do we say that the flow through the nozzle is choked p7 is greater than p1 p7 is equal to 1.2 p0 is equal to 1 is this condition choked then what do we mean when we say that the flow is choked flow through the nozzle is choked yes so if you have a nozzle a convergent nozzle at the exit of it if the Mach number is 1 then we say the flow is choked the reason for that is the reason why we say the flow is choked is what happens when you have Mach number 1 here whatever happens in this side okay you cannot transmit any disturbance or any information upstream because the flow has already reached the speed of sound disturbances propagate upstream at the speed of sound right so if the flow has already reached speed of sound at the exit they can no longer the flow cannot feel anything in the downstream conditions so if m is equal to 1 is reached then the flow becomes independent of downstream conditions and is only a function of upstream conditions right so which is why some people when they plot the mass flow rate with back pressure they say it reaches a maximum that is a little confusing you just need to say that it becomes independent of the back pressure okay typically if you take any nozzle when the flow is not choked the mass flow rate is determined by both the pressures only upon the nozzle being choked then it becomes independent of the downstream condition and becomes only a function of the upstream condition okay so now let us look at the case on our hand where in we have to do the analysis for the flow when the conversion nozzle is choked and this is our thrust equation and we cannot neglect the pressure thrust part okay so we can again use our we can say that f is still very much less than 1 because most times the main gas turbine engine operates with somewhere around 0.02 or 0.04 okay so clearly ratio 0.02 or 0.04 so f is very much less than 1 so this goes to 0 so we can rewrite our expression as f is equal to m.a x v0 x v7 x v0-1 plus I will take out p0 here so I will get p0 a7 now the this portion we can simplify as we have done earlier but in addition we have another component here okay so what is it that we do v0 is equal to a0 m0 right so if you put that and m0 is f is equal to m.a 0 m0 and v7 by v0 I can express it as a7 using a familiar stuff that is we know that we assume that ? and r do not change across the gas turbine engine so you get a7 by a0 as an expression in terms of temperatures so let us do that I can rewrite this as f by m.a a0 is equal to m0 x under root t7 by t0 x m7 by m0-1 plus p0 a7 divided by m.a a0 now what do we do further we both do is the condition that we know we know that m7 is equal to 1 okay at the exit of the nozzle the flow is choked that is Mach number is 1 okay so we can substitute that here and rewrite our expression as so m7 goes to 1 here I can bring in this m0 so I will get only under root t7 by t0- this will become m0 okay so this is the expression that we have now we need to find ratio of t7 by t0 and also p7 by p0 in the earlier case p7 by p0 we used to take it as equal to 1 and find using that find the ratio of Mach numbers now that is not equal to 1 so you need to find two ratios ratios of temperatures and pressures now coming to t7 by t0 we have done this exercise earlier now that just that the nozzle exit is choked do you think this ratio is going to change we need to do a fresh derivation of this ratio or you think it is going to change what is the conditions going to change let us see how it is going to change okay see t7 by tt7 into tt7 by tt6 into tt6 by tt5 tt5 by tt4 okay now what is this this is the only place probably it can change all the rest of the terms are similar to the previous conditions right only thing that will change is probably here right so here we know this is the ratio of we can express this is a ratio of static to stagnation so we can express it in terms of Mach number m7 square then this is one this is again one after burner first one is nozzle this is after burner this is tt flow through turbine then tb flow through combustor or burner then tc flow through compressor and this is flow through intake which is again one and this is ?0 okay now here we know that m7 must be equal to 1 so we can get an expression for t7 by t0 as tt okay now we also know what is tb if you look into your notes the previous class we derived this what is tb ?b by tc ?0 okay and if you plug that in you will get t7 by t0 is equal to tt instead of tb I have ?b by tc ?0 into tc ?0 okay so this cancels off and I am left with ?b okay so this is the expression for t7 by t0 for the condition when the nozzle is choked now what happens to the compressor turbine power balance does it change because of this or whatever we had derived remains the same see what is happening is something downstream of the turbine right so whatever we had derived is upstream of this so this should not change so what we had derived for the compressor turbine power balance does not change so we had derived that from compressor turbine power balance we had derived that tt must be equal to 1- ?0 by ?b into tc-1 this remains the same okay now we have to find an expression for tt here so let us do that I can rewrite this as tt is equal to ?b- using this expression into this equation I will get t7 by t0 is equal to 2 into ?b so this and this cancels off I am finally left with 2 into ?b- ?c ?0 okay so we have been able to get the temperature ratio here that we were looking for right now what are the other things that we need to derive here we have got this part temperature ratio done we still have to find the pressure ratio and we have to derive an expression for this quantity here okay so let us do that now again cascading pressures we are looking for an expression for p7 by p0 we can write it as p7 by pt7 into pt7 by pt6 pt6 by pt5 now when we do this in the previous case we had assumed this I mean we had assumed the flow to be optimally expanded so this became one okay now it is a not equal to 1 so we will get the first term is ratio of static to stagnation conditions so I can express it in terms of Mach numbers okay the next one indicates flow through nozzle we have assumed all efficiencies we are doing this analysis assuming all efficiencies to be one so this is one again the next is flow through the after burner we have not switched it on so this is again one and what is pt5 by pt4 this is flow through turbine so this is this is pressure ratio so this is pt into pt4 by pt3 is flow through combustor combustor the pressure is the same because we are assuming an ideal cycle here so this is one and this is flow through compressor so this is pC and this ratio is for flow through diffuser or intake this is one because we are assuming efficiencies to be unity and the last term is ?0 to the power of ? by ?-1 okay so I can write p7 by p0 is equal to this is one so I will get 2 by ? plus 1 into ? t to the power of ? by ?-1 into ?c to the power of ? by and we do know that ?t and ?c are related through compressor turbine power balance and if we were to take that into account we can show that the ratio p7 by p0 would be taking into account compressor turbine power balance we saw that the compressor turbine power balance was unaffected and we could get this expression for ? t now using this in that expression there we can get okay I have only substituted for ? t there ?c ?0 divided by ? so this is the expression that we have now we have been able to get expression for two quantities the last quantity that we need an expression for is we need an expression for okay so how do we go about doing this how do we get this expression we just like to get an expression for F you said we said compressor turbine power balance and then to get an expression for ? t in terms of ?c sorry in the last case energy balance across the combustor what was what we used to get an expression for F to get an expression for ? t we said compressor turbine power balance and we got the expression similarly is there something that we can do here to get this expression yeah what we need to do is we need to look at mass flow rate through the nozzle we will see how we can use that to get this expression mass flow rate through the nozzle what is the expression that we know we know that m.a x 1 plus F that is mass of air plus mass of fuel burnt this must be equal to ?7 v7 x a7 right now again we can make this approximation that F is very much less than 1 so therefore this goes to 0 so I get m.a is equal to ?7 v7 a7 okay now what is ?7 in terms of pressure m.a is equal to using the equation of state I can write p7 by R T7 for ?7 x v7 I can rewrite it as what mark number x a7 right so x a7 so I get what we are looking for is p0 x a7 by m.a a0 okay so what do we need to do here this we know is this quantity is what is this because this is flow is so m7 is equal to 1 so I am left with what is a7 a7 is nothing but ?R T7 okay so if I substitute for a7 here and rewrite m.a I will get p7 under root ? divided by this would not be there R T7 a7 okay now what do I need to do I need to multiply by if I multiply by a0 on both sides I get one part that is m.a a0 okay so let us do that I get m.a a0 is equal to again a0 is nothing but right so I will use that on the right hand side so I get p7 x ?R T0 okay so R and R cancels off here so I am left with p7 a7 x ? right now what do we need to do again so if I I want m.a by a0 by p7 p0 by a7 right so I can do this I can write this as m.a a0 divided by p0 a7 must be equal to p7 by p0 x ? x under root T7 T0 by T7 okay so we have been able to reduce m.a a0 x 2 known quantities right we already know the expression for p0 by p7 by p0 and we also know expression for T7 by T0 so we have been able to reduce it to this form now let us go back and substitute it and see what we can get if you remember our expression for our expression for f by m.a a0 we had got was under root T7 by T0 – m0 this part was taken care of and p0 a7 by m.a a0 x what was the p7 by p0 – 1 so we have got expression for this as well as this so when we substitute we get this part remains as is T7 by p0 – m0 plus p7 by p7 a p0 a7 by m.a a0 is 1 by ? x okay now we can simplify here and rewrite this expression as okay now we know expression for T0 T7 by T0 we also know expression for p7 by p0 so we will substitute that and see what is the final form that we can get it is a really big expression okay this is the final expression that we get now if we were to substitute here what we did earlier that is does this produce static thrust or not so let us do that for static thrust m0 is equal to 0 and ?0 is equal to 1 so if you substitute that we will get this is the expression that one can get and further simplification is possible on this I will leave it as an exercise to you okay you can take out ? plus 1 and further simplify it this part also you can take out okay so we have been able to derive this expression for non-dimensional thrust now this is a fairly complicated expression compared to that we derived for optimally expanded flow through the nozzle and much more complicated than the expression for ramjet okay now the next part that we need to address is what ISP okay so ISP part what we will do is ISP we know the expression for ISP by a0 as right and we have spent a considerable amount of effort trying to derive this expression we already got this expression now what we need is 1 by f now in the previous case when the flow was optimally expanded through the nozzle we had derived this expression for 1 by f now what we need to look at is what is the difference between the expression that we derived there and will there be a difference here now again if you look at the flow process what is happening in the nozzle is much more downstream then what is happening through the combustor so the expression for 1 by f that we had derived earlier is the same so I can use 1 by f that we had derived earlier as Q by CP t0 into this expression remains the same so I know that 1 by f is known f by m.a is known so if you substitute this expression there sorry this expression you will get ISP okay fine now having derived these expressions let us look at what is it that we can understand from these expressions remember we did the same exercise we found out what is the Mach number at which the non-dimensional thrust would be a maxima depending on what values of ? B and other things for the ramjet let us do the similar exercise for turbojet okay now in a turbojet we will again look at the condition where the flow through the nozzle is optimally expanded simply because it is something that is easier to do in the classroom doing something on this is a little more complicated so I will look at what we can find out using the expression that we derived for optimally expanded flow okay so if you look at the expression for optimally expanded flow through nozzle f by m.a a0 was m0 into ? B- ? C ? 0- ? 0- okay fine this was the expression that we had if you see here as ? B increases what should happen see as ? B increases what should happen to f by m.a a0 this also increases because you can pull out the ? B terms and you see that you get 1-1 by ? C ? 0 so as ? B increases it is fairly obvious from this expression that as a consequence f by m.a a0 also increases right which means what that if you have a large enough ? B then the size of the engine is going to be smaller and smaller for the same thrust okay fine or if you keep the dimension same right then your thrust is going to increase if you increase ? B okay this is preferred because you will have lesser drag on the engine okay then this is fairly clear then what what we need to look at is what happens to what is there an optimal value for the compression ratio if I fix ? B and ? 0 is there an optimal value for compression ratio okay if I am flying at a cruise Mach number let us say if I am flying at a cruise Mach number then my ? 0 gets fixed remember when in this previous class one of the previous class we had derived an expression wherein we looked at what is the range and how the overall efficiency gets affected by it right in that we had said most of the flight takes place in the cruise range right so if you substitute ? 0 for cruise and you know the ? B value then you can find an optimal expression for ? C let us do that in the next few minutes so we are looking for optimal value of ? C given ? B and ? 0 so how do we go about it again take a derivative with respect to ? C so you get – ? B ? C ? 0 this goes to the power of – 1 2 the derivative of the terms containing ? C that is the first term is 0 then you have a – ? 0 then again you have ? 0 plus because this becomes minus so you have ? B by ? C square ? 0 okay fine derivative with 1 goes to 0 so you get this expression now this goes to the denominator because you have multiplying the I mean you have a power – 1 so what you need to look at is only this part of the expression because for this to be for f by m dot a not to be maxima this should go to 0 this can only go to 0 if the numerator goes to 0 okay so this is the numerator in this so for maxima ? 0 must be equal to 0 which means that ? C must be equal to okay fine sorry yeah so you get this condition so we will stop here and continue in the next class thank you.


Hello and welcome to ST Microelectronics Boot at APEC 2017. My name is Paolo Battazzato, application's engineering manager for DCDC Power Conversion. Today I'm going to introduce you to our latest additions to the suite of products we have for wireless power charging, supporting wearable consumer and other models of applications. The STWLC33 is the latest receiver they were adding to our portfolio and it has transmit capability. That brings to your application two major advantages. One is that it can support up to 15 watts in receiving mode, compliant with the Qi extended power profile while maintaining compatibility with 5 watt Qi basic power profile and your fuel inducted. In transmit mode it can support up to 3 watts. What that means is that for example, as in our demo here, I can first charge a phone with a regular Qi charging mat and then I can turn the phone into a charging mat itself to charge a smartwatch or any other wearable device. Thanks to its small size requirement for a minimal number of external components and the ability to use the same coil for receiving and transmitting power, the STWLC33 greatly simplifies the implementation of dual function and all devices. The STWLC33 joins our existing product supporting wireless power transfer application. The STWBC series of transmitter ICs supporting one coil and three coil application up to 5 watts and the STWLC series of receivers supporting wearable consumer and other model applications as well and in the case of wearable with very small coil size down to 11 milliliters. STWLC33 is a member of the wireless power consortium and therefore all of our solutions are certified according to the Qi specification as released now. Thanks for your attention and interest. If you'd like more information please visit STWLC33.com.


Now, when you look at where we've come from, this is an ancient skull on the side here. You can see perfectly straight teeth. And that's normal for ancient skulls. Here's someone from the Inuit population about 100 years ago now. And it was about the time when the Canadian government recognized the Inuit population as part of, as being Canadians, they were offered social housing and food stamps. And as a dillik, we might think it may be to live on the ice. They moved en masse into social housing and a westernized diet. And a guy called War took these images. He knew Western price. He was doing a similar sort of thing as Western price. And he was noticing within one generation, these populations went from great facial development, perfectly straight teeth, to the levels of crookedness, malocclusion to formed faces we see in our modern population today. Now this is a purebred population, so it certainly didn't seem genetic. Not anything that happens in a single generation. Now sometimes you need to stand back and look at the bigger picture and all of this. Because we're too head up, we're seeing this as normal, saying, well, we've got too many teeth. We've got to take some out, straighten the rest up. Sorry, mate, you were dealt a poor hand, you've got too many teeth, we'll have to take some out, straighten the rest of them up. It makes logical sense when you actually see it. But when you stand back in the broader picture, because of course our recent ancestors, the ones we've got lots of skulls of, they had pretty straight teeth. Our ancient ancestors, they always had straight teeth. Our primate ancestors, perfectly straight teeth, and this have been studied well. Now I was reading my nephew a story, and he had to build your dinosaur page in the story. And it kind of destructed me, reminded me, should I say, that as vertebrates, we all have approximately the same number of bones, they all approximately link in the same places, and none of these had too many teeth for their heads or their mouths. Something decidedly strange is going on. Now what do I think the likely causes are? So what's happening? Well, I think the likely causes is a change in muscle usage. We're using our musculature differently than we used to. I'm going to talk the mandabilolingual posture. Mandible is the lower jaw. So the mandabilolingual is lower jaw on the tongue. The position of the lower jaw on the tongue for most of the time, that's your posture. And then we'll talk about swallowing pattern. I'm not going to talk greatly about dietary deficiencies, about the work of people at Western price, and I know a lot of people are very interested in this. I think it was a little bit of a red herring for Western price, because you saw all of these people with the facial degeneration. And it was around the same time as we were having vitamins were being discovered. And vitamins were all specific. So certain vitamins had certain effects on the body. And it was assumed by Western price that it was certain elements of the diet were causing this change or this facial degeneration. And I think he missed the point that it wasn't the elements of the diet, it was the toughness of the diet. And I think that has caused a certain amount of confusion in the science. Now, I can shorten that to say rather than mandabilolingual posture, it's tongue position. And the swallowing pattern to a greater or larger extent is tongue function. Of course, the lips are important as well. Now, when we're going to talk about muscle usage, this individual on the left there has got a mild form of musculoskeletal dystrophy. The one on the right has a normal traditional type of musculoskeletal dystrophy. Now, that affects the muscles. It's the disease of the muscles is not a disease of the skeleton. And yet it has had a gross change in the skeleton. This person's face is, well, it looks gormless for a start. But what's amazing here, this girl as it is, she's biting together. Those teeth are touching. Now, this is a normal template of a modern human. And I'm not going to say modern humans are totally perfect now, as you'll see. But she is grossly distorted from a muscular condition. Now, we can then look at something like unilack from muscle weakness, because it's a great example. These individuals grew relatively normally before they got this situation. And this situation happened on one side of their face, not both sides of their face. And by being one side of the face, the other side of the face acts as a control. So we know what would have happened if they hadn't had this problem. Well, they've had a stroke. And all the stroke has done is it's killed the nervous innovation so that there isn't the nervous innovation to stimulate the musculature. That's caused less muscle usage and that's called these gross changes. Which you can see from over here has affected the skeleton as well as just the muscles. Now, here's a fellow who was perfectly fine for his first wife. And by the time he got in the second wife, he was looking worse for wear. Now, here's got another muscle of disease. We don't think his muscular dystrophy would probably be dead by now. But it's some muscle plate disorder. And what's happening is his face is grossly distorted. And I would say that it's kind of like molded into his chair. So the way his head hits on the chair, that's the way it's molded to. Like a bit of jelly put down somewhere. Now, we're doing muscle usage. Probably what we've got, we've gone from a really hard, tough diet. Our ancestors for millions of years have had a tough diet that was of low calories. It was a low calorie diet. You needed to eat a lot to get the food on board. To get your nutrition in, you ate a lot of stuff and it was tough. We've moved over to a soft food with high calories. Now, we're doing a hell of a lot less work with our oral musculature. I estimate it's in something the reason of 5% of what we used to do. If we did that with our bodies, I think we wouldn't be surprised to have growth changes. We'll probably be doing about 30% of the muscular effort that our bodies, that we should be, or we were doing. Now, resting muscle tone affects posture. You see Arnie standing here? I mean, he's got a posture out like this. That's how his arms rest. And that's because he's got such good muscle tone. It affects your resting muscle position. Now, when we're talking about this diet, these soft food, high calories, we don't realise because we see it as normal to have the sugar, wheat, rice, potato and all the pulses in our diet. We don't realise that we've collected these individual freak, mainly grasses from around the world and brought them together. You know, they were quite rarely occurring in our previous diet. And we didn't have nearly such a high calorie source as those things. And they are very soft. Now, there's some very interesting experiments done here. This one here, a personal favourite. It was done by a guy called Harvold. And Harvold did no more than take a piece of plastic and suture it, tie it in to the roof of the mouth of monkeys. Monkeys, of course, normally have perfectly set up teeth and perfectly shaped faces. He put this bit of plastic in the roof of the mouth and he got gross skeletal changes in all of the monkeys of his experimental group and, of course, none of the control group.


She's a bit of a random morning in noose this morning. Beautiful sunny morning and all of a sudden it just started hammering down with rain. But you'll see I'm dressed today in my full blown criteria mount fit. I've got my Aero helmet on, I've got my Knights of Suburbia jersey, and I've got my crit pig companion, my LA sprint road bike underneath me. You can hear it purring. You'll love that sound. Essentially what I wanted to do in this video, it's a bit of a sad day.  Reason being, many of my subscribers will know I recently built another road bike, the Chapter 2 Rare Ray. And that's a crit pig bike as well essentially. So there's no point in having two machines built for criterion racing when, you know, there's been one criterion in my local area in the last couple of months. So to pay tribute to the LA sprint and what I've done with this road bike, what I wanted to do, I know there's been a lot of talk online recently about the LA sprint and its credentials is a criterion road bike. Peter Sagan recently raced it at the Tour Down Under. I wanted to give you my thoughts on this machine as a crit pig companion. So I've just rocked up at the Geroen Sports Complex here in Noosa. I've got a purpose built criterion track and I'll get the drone footages overlay as I'm speaking.  And then after those efforts, I'm going to roll around and talk to you about two factors when it comes to the LA sprint road bike. Now, if you want a full review on this bike, I've done that, I'll link to that below. So it's not going to be a full sit down comprehensive review, but the factors that I'm going to talk to you about is number one, it's performance credentials in a criterion. Is it good enough? And then number two is a crash factor. I think when you think about racing your bike, road racing, time trial, criteria, criteria are the highest risk of crashing. And I think it's an important factor to consider when you are investing your own money into a criterion bike.  Now, the crypt pig, the term originated out of Melbourne, one of the best criteria scenes in the world. And I don't think anyone's really collaborated in the past about, okay, what exactly is a crypt pig? We all sort of talk about it. We think we know what it is. And last night on Instagram and over WhatsApp, we've come up with a definition of a crypt pig, because it's not online and I'm going to submit this to Urban Dictionary. I want to thank Cal Douglas and also Woosler, Dale Wurnton and Tommy Nankervs for helping me validate this. So I'm just going to read this out to you now.  They're always desperate to race their bikes, rolling around in a pigsty. They call their criterion track. When push comes to shove with little white envelopes awaiting, they get ready to drop a shoulder and open their snouts while putting their curly tails in the air to go for the win. So that is a crypt pig. Very poetic, Cullen, well done. A few little tweaks added there by Woosler and then validated by Tommy Nankervs, but I think that's outstanding. And in order to be a crypt pig, you see I turned into a bit of a crypt pig. Before I left Melbourne, I was sniffing out races left, right and center. I was going there to try and win. I was training like a crypt pig, et cetera. I needed a companion and originally that was going to be the chapter two rear-ray, but in the end it ended up being my LA sprint for the vast majority of races. And it became my crypt pig companion. So let's roll around now and talk about the LA sprint for criteria racing. Okay, so I've just finished my efforts. I'm not going to roll around the track and talk to you about the bike because there's just too much sun out there and I'm getting the lens. I wanted to thank Jeff, one of the channel supporters for suggesting some different types of efforts I could do in the comments section in one of my previous videos. I've actually incorporated those. And for those of you who have just landed on the channel, this is where I do cycling videos, both inspirational and entertaining and I love cycling product reviews, notably nice road bikes. So if that sounds up your alley and you enjoyed this video, consider supporting the channel by subscribing below. So quickly what's on this bike? Obviously I've got the LA sprint frame. I've got these MV6.7 tubulars. They're not actually mine. I borrowed them off a mate about 18 months ago. I never gave them back. I promised to sell them at the end of a criterion season a year and a half ago or something. And I never did. So he's gonna finally get his money back when I saw this. We've, I've got a SRAM red crank. This is actually from an old bike and a quark power meter in here. And I've got 105 gearing on the rest of the bike. So you can see what 105 here, 105 up there, and obviously 105 levers and an alloy handlebar system. So that's pretty much the complete bike. And this bike's performance credentials. I think first of all, when we talk about criterion, even before we talk about performance, it's important to talk about aesthetics because you don't want to be rocking up to criterium's riding a giant defy. It just doesn't look good. You're not going to look hip and cool. And that's a very important factor when racing criteriums. And this bike right here, my friends, is it's a pretty good looking road bike. In terms of its performance credentials for criterion racing, it's an aggressive proposition. So the stack from here to here up to there, which enables the rider to get higher or lower, this is more aggressive than the tarmac and more aggressive than the vinge. So you can get super aerodynamic on this road bike. And if you look at some of the tube shapes, the seat post here, or the seat post up here, I should say, and the seat tube, they're both aero. In fact, the seat post here is taken from the specialized vinge and the seat stays, which are dropped also aerodynamic. Having said that, when I take these MV6.7s off and put on some training wheels, it doesn't really feel like an aero proposition. Unlike, say, I recently reviewed the Felt AR or I'm currently riding the Chapter 2 aero. When you take off the aero wheels and put on some heavy wheels, it still feels like an aerodynamic race machine, whereas this doesn't. It's really dependent on having some solid wheels on it to go super quick. The front end, I should probably mention as well, the fork outside of the fact that it's got this graffiti, it's actually taken from the specialized tarmac. Now, this is an SL5 fork, the current LA Sprints, exactly the same frame, except you can now get them in disc and it's got the SL6 fork. Now, in terms of its weight, I weighed this recently at a dealer here in Noosa and the bike weighed about eight kilograms, just under. Now, if I compare that to the specialized S-Works Vinge, this has got about 500 grams on it and if I compare that to, say, a tarmac, SL6, it's got almost a kilo.  On a flat course, not so much. Now, out of the saddle cornering, it gets a big tick. It's very stiff, it's got this, they call it DeLuzio smart world technology in the frame and that, according to Specialized, makes it a more compliant, stiff ride and certainly I feel that. Now, having said that, it is a little bit harsh. Aluminium is known to be a harsher material than, say, carbon fiber and also titanium and even still in some cases and you're gonna fatigue yourself but in a one hour crit, doesn't matter so much, I don't think so. If you're riding 150Ks on this thing, you're definitely gonna notice the fatigue in the neck and shoulders and in the lower back. So, the one issue that I have with this bike when it comes to performance in criteria in racing, yes, it's a little bit heavier that's not the main issue that I have. When you're racing, criteria is particularly A grade, you're constantly out of the saddle, you're getting back on the wheel, there are a lot of attacks, it's relentless. If I think about Glenvale, the first 20, 25 minutes, it's like taking an Uzi to your legs, it really is relentless attacks and this bike right here, because it's a little heavier and in my opinion, Aluminium in the bottom bracket here, it's less responsive. When I put the power through the crank, the bike responds, but it doesn't respond like, say the chapter two rare, it doesn't respond like a Venge, it doesn't respond like a Tarmac and I feel like as a result of that, you're having to work a little bit harder to get back on the wheel and at the end of an hour, you've got a little bit more fatigue in your legs than say you would with a carbon fiber race bike. Now for me, it's not a biggie because I'm not out of the saddle sprinting at the end of a criteria. I'm more, I'll try and go off the front and win that way. So those, that little bit of extra wattage that I need to put out to get back on the wheel, when I consider the crash factor, which I'll talk about second, isn't a big factor for me, but for some, I think it may be. Okay, so I've just wrapped up my training session with a 10 minute effort in the big ring on rollers. I'm absolutely cooked. So to wrap up this video, I wanted to talk about the crash factor. I think it's a massive consideration when you're racing criteriums.  Am I okay to risk coming off on this thing more so than say riding down the beach or riding in a road race, et cetera? Now the thing about this bike right here, the frame cost me $1,500 AUD, okay? Now build it up and we've put some nice second-hand wheels on, so really complete build with considering purchasing these wheels in a second-hand state. You'd be talking just under $5,000 AUD. Now some of those other bikes that I've mentioned in today's video, and other ones people may wanna race with, say like the Cervelo S5 or the Specialized Venge, BMC Time Machine, et cetera, they're three times more expensive than this bike right here.  In fact, I've crashed in a criterium, came off at about 55Ks an hour on a Specialized S-Works tarmac or the SL5 model, but I was bloody upset. I remember coming off half-concast, cut some bruises everywhere. The first thing I did was assess my bike even though I could barely stand. So despite the fact that performance-wise, it's not at the level of some of those bikes that I've mentioned, it's not far off. And if you crash this thing, you're not gonna be overly upset.  So I think to summarize, this bike really is the ultimate crit pig companion.


Hello everyone, this is Alice Gao. In this video, I will go through the process of solving the question in lecture 3 on slide 29. In this question, we relax the 8 puzzle by removing one constraint. Originally, when we move a tile from square A to square B, A and B must be adjacent and B must be empty. In this relaxed problem, the target square B does not need to be empty. The optimal solution to this relaxed problem gives us an admissible heuristic function for the 8 puzzle. The correct answer to this question is A, the Manhattan distance heuristic. Let's solve this relaxed problem. Given any state of the relaxed problem, we need to determine the smallest number of moves to transform the state to a gold state. This number of moves is the heuristic value for the given state. Let's try an example first. Consider this state of the 8 puzzle. What is the minimum number of moves we need to take to change it to a gold state? We need to move each tile to its gold position. This is much easier in this relaxed problem since the target square doesn't need to be empty. For example, I am allowed to move tile 1 up one step to overlap with tile 6. For tile 1, its gold position is the top left square. We need 4 steps to move 1 to its gold position. For example, up, up, left and left. It's fine for 1 to overlap with 6, 3 and 5 along the way since the target square doesn't have to be empty. Let me ask you a question. For each tile that's not in its gold position, how many moves do we need to move it into its gold position? Since we are in a grid, the number of moves is equal to the Manhattan distance between its current position and its gold position. For example, for tile 1 we need 4 moves and that is the Manhattan distance between the bottom right square which is the current position of tile 1 and the top left square which is the gold position of tile 1. For another example, consider tile 2. The current position of tile 2 is bottom left and the gold position of tile 2 is top middle. So we need 3 moves which is the Manhattan distance between the bottom left position and the top middle position. We are effectively calculating the total Manhattan distance between its current position and its gold position for each tile that's not in its gold position. Therefore, the cost of the optimal solution of the relaxed problem must be equal to the Manhattan distance heuristic. The correct answer is A, the Manhattan distance heuristic. Thank you very much for watching. I will see you in the next video. Bye for now.


Thank you all very much. Thank you. Thank you. Representatives Stenholm and Bartlett, Secretary Block, and Bob Delano, I thank you very much for this opportunity. And you, ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for that down on the farm welcome that I've just received. I'm like I once heard a fellow say, as happy as a hog in a tater patch. And let me tell you why I happen to read Bob Delano's Christmas message in a recent Farm Bureau news. And in case you missed it, I'd like to read part of it for you. Bob gave thanks for all that is good and well on every farm and ranch, for family and health, for understanding neighbors, for puppies, kittens, calves, for good rains, fertile soil, and good crops, for freedom to manage, and to speak for oneself and for the great voice of American agriculture that is Farm Bureau. Well, I say amen to all of these things because they embody the spirit of the Farm Bureau. And I'm delighted to share in that spirit today. Now, if there's one thing you must possess to be a farmer, it's patience. I know how difficult the past several years have been for farmers. So difficult, in fact, they should change the lyrics of that old song to read how you've got to keep them down on the farm after they've seen the grain prices. But I want to thank you for your patience and your support. On several occasions, especially on the legislative front, I felt like that neighbor who's needed some assistance and the Farm Bureau has been there with a helping hand. And because of that friendship, my door and Jack Block's door will always be open. You know, there's a story about a young fella in the city who hired out to work on a farm during the harvest season. And the first morning, everyone was up well before dawn. The new hired hand of the farmer made their way in the dark out to the Oat Field. Neither one of them say in a word. And finally, the city fellow asked, what kind of oats were they going to cut? Wild oats or tame oats? Farmer, a little surprised, said, well, tame oats, of course. Why do you ask? Well, he said, I was just wondering why we're sneaking up on them in the dark. Well, that's about as much as some people know about today's farm problems. What I'd like today is to discuss what our administration or how our administration sees the problems and what we plan to do about them. And now I'm going to use the word farmer throughout these remarks. I want the women here to know I mean them as well. Not only the women who are farm operators, but those who are farm wives. Like marriage, farming is a partnership. And I know most of you ladies, even with children and household chores, also help with the livestock or the bookkeeping. And I just wanted to get that little reminder in while your husbands were sitting there to hear it. All of you well know the reasons for the current farm situation. During the 1970s, the world demand for United States farm products exploded. There was a world food shortage at the same time that economies were expanding and the value of the dollar was declining, making it easier to buy U.S. goods. Having crops in the ground was the next best thing to finding oil on your land. U.S. agricultural exports rose 500% in 10 years and net farm income more than doubled. And farmers did what other American businessmen would do. They tooled up to produce and brought more equipment, applied more fertilizer, cropped more land and embraced more science and technology. The acres devoted to corn, cotton, soybeans and wheat jumped nearly 40% during the 70s. Things looked mighty good. While not exactly a gold rush, there certainly was a grain rush. Agriculture came roaring into the 1980s, pulsating with productive capacity and hopes for the future. But 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Virgil said, "'God didn't will that the way of cultivation "'should be easy.'" Well, old Virgil didn't know how right he was. Three years ago this month, the previous administration embargoed grain shipments to the Soviet Union. Our 75% share of the Soviet market plummeted to 30%. Other countries filled in the gap and then locked in new long-term trade agreements with the Soviets. We not only lost sales, we lost our reputation as a reliable supplier. It takes years, not months, to regain that reputation. As you know, we lifted the embargo and we've been working hard to repair the damage to our farm exports. We want the world to know that it can count on America and our farmers for two things. Generous food aid for those who are hungry and the reliability of our farm supplies. To rebuild our reputation as a reliable supplier last March 22nd, I pledged an end to export interruptions except in extreme foreign policy circumstances. I've kept that pledge. As the governor of another great agricultural state, Charles Thone of Nebraska said to me last summer, there must be no question about our respect for contracts. We must restore confidence in the United States' reliability as a supplier. An agreement would also protect Americans from possible Soviet disruption of our domestic market. Well, we have now taken another important step toward restoring that confidence and I wanted you to be the first to know about it. Today, I have signed into law House Resolution 5447, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Reauthorization Legislation. And as you know, it gives contract sanctity legislation the force of law. Our foreign customers now have the delivery assurance that you've asked for and we stand ready as a nation to sell them the grain we have and they need. As we have in the past, we'll continue to differentiate between readily available agricultural products and industrial goods and technology. Other challenges remain to be met. As if the grain embargo hadn't been enough, the world's economic expansion sank into recession, further weakening the demand for our farm products. And to add to that, a stronger dollar increased the prices of our farm products overseas and the unfair trade practices of some foreign competitors continued hitting the farmer below the belt. To top it all off, we've had record growing seasons lately, even the great industries of America, pale in comparison to the efficiency and productivity of the American farmer. What the microchip has done for technology, the American farmer has done for agriculture. About 15 months ago, we had 185 million bushels of corn in farmer-held reserves. Now we have 11 times that much, two billion bushels, an incredible increase in just such a short time, two years. We've also had record wheat and soybean crops and everyone knows about the billions of pounds of butter cheese and non-fat dry milk we're holding. Secretary Block has been so worried about those dairy surpluses, he's aging faster than the cheese. Yet while the reserves and the warehouses are bursting at the seams, and despite the fact that we've provided record amounts of price supports, the farmer's wallet holds little more than the stitching. The result of all these disturbing trends is evident in your communities, low farm prices, low farm incomes. I've seen the news stories on the farm auctions. Some of you've probably been to them as a ranch or myself. I know that when a family has to give up its farm, it's giving up a part of itself as well. We've instructed the farmer's home administration to work with its farmers on a case-by-case basis to help them get back on their feet. Let me also relay any concerns that you may have regarding the farm credit system. I support it and expect to continue providing substantial assistance to the farm community as it has in the past. Now let me expand on some of the things we're trying to do. Since our farmer's primary market is domestic, the nation's economic strength is essential to a strong agricultural economy. You may recall what inflation, interest rates, and taxes were like in 1979 when I spoke at this same convention in Miami. Since then, we've cut the estate taxes that were so burdensome to farm families. We've also managed to cut the 1979 inflation rate from 13.3% to 4.6% for 1982. In the two years, 1979 and 1980, farm production expenses rose 30%. Last year, the rate was only 2%. And in 1983, it's estimated those costs will hardly go up at all. We've reduced the prime interest rate, which was at a peak of 21.5% in 1980. We've cut it nearly in half, and I learned on the plane coming down this morning that where one bank had led the way, the others have now joined in, and the general prime rate is 11%. Now that's still too high, but it's still too high, but it's going in the right direction. And I'm pleased to announce that even before we knew that that was going down 11%, the decrease in the farmer's home administration and interest rates was to 10.25% for operating loans and 10.75% for real estate loans beginning this January 17th. But let's face it, and let's not fool anybody until farm prices go up, you'll be hurting. Not long ago, we proposed a temporary program to help farm families through this difficult period of adjustment. The policy people called our proposal payment in kind. That's not very descriptive. It's really a crop swap. And this is how our crop swap plan would work. A farmer who takes additional acres out of production would be able to swap what he didn't grow for a certain amount of the commodity already in surplus. We can, he can then do with it as he wishes. The crop swap program would reduce production through a further cutback in planning, decrease surplus stocks, and avoid increased budget outlays that would otherwise be necessary under price support programs. This plan is aimed at bringing supply more in line with demand and strengthening farm income in future years. It makes our problem the solution. And farmers taking part will have the same or greater net returns since they will avoid production costs and their rises, their risks will be lower. And the plan will also alleviate storage problems and enable sound conservation practices to be applied to more acres. I think we're all aware of the need to do something about soil erosion. We've got surplus commodities sitting useless in bins and overflowing in warehouses. Let's put those surpluses to work to help the American farmer. Those surpluses hanging over the market can't help but have an effect on prices. Now, I know the Farm Bureau already supports our crop swap plan. In the lame duck Congress, the House passed the plan. The Senate also favored it but didn't come to a vote even though only about 1% of the Senate opposed it. Well, farm families need the benefits this program can offer. Because these are unusual and critical times on American farms, we don't have to stand around chewing our cud. So, without waiting, I am today announcing that within our current authority, we will launch our crop swap program starting a week from next Monday. Secretary Block has brought with him the details. So to the American family, let me say, help is on the way. I also want to say something about the dairy program. It comes as no surprise that the taxpayers are looking very, very hard at the amount of money that's going into the dairy industry. Some people see the dairy program as an automatic milking machine for their tax dollars, two billion dollars a year, and the bucket seems to take more and more. The taxpayers aren't happy about that. You're not happy about the new 50 cent per hundred weight assessment, and I'm not happy about any of it. As you know, the assessment was not the administration's idea. Congress, present company accepted, plopped it in our lap and wrote the savings into the budget as they rejected the more flexible alternative proposed by the administration. If the assessment doesn't cut production, we must work together to develop a better plan for the dairy industry. A plan that is fair to the farmer and as free as possible from government's heavy hand. President Eitzauer certainly knew why Washington should stay out of the farmer's way.  You have to fight the weather. You have to fight insects. You fight all kinds of natural disasters. You shouldn't have to fight your own government too. As every horseman knows, when a horse is really mad, his ears lay straight back on his head. Well, that's about how mad the American farmer is over the unfair trade practices of some of our foreign competitors. I want to say now, and other countries should take notice, we expect fair access to international agricultural markets. We will not give in to protectionist measures, but at the same time, we aren't going to let ourselves be plowed under. Today in Washington, we're talking with the European community about our agricultural concerns. Next week, when Prime Minister Nakasone of Japan comes to visit, our discussions will include agricultural exports, particularly their beef and citrus. And let me add that Bob Delano was one of our representatives at the recent GATT ministerial meeting. He also led your state farm bureau presidents on two international trade delegations. I have a feeling Bob gave the protectionists quite an earful on those trips to help counter the massive European subsidies and eventually bring an end to such practices. One of the things that we're doing is offering overseas purchasers a blended credit program which combines interest-free direct credits with government-guaranteed private credits to produce a lower interest rate for foreign customers. By using $100 million provided by the Congress, we opened the door for additional farm exports of $500 million in 1982. Well, this program works so well that I'm telling you today we'll make available an additional $250 million of direct credit over the coming year, giving us the potential for another $1 billion in agricultural export sales. Our competitors should know that we're pursuing all avenues for redressing unfair trade practices. They are through raiding the henhouse. America only seeks fair and open trade, but we've declared we will be competitive and we will be. Before I go, I want to thank you again for inviting me today. Daniel Webster said, let us never forget that the cultivation of the earth is the most important labor of man. I know how much a heartfelt thank you can sometimes mean. So on behalf of the nation, let me express our gratitude to you, America's providers, for putting abundant food on our tables. I believe if America can match the faith and strength and patience of our farm families, there are no limits to what our people can achieve. Yes, we have a long way to go before we set this country to rights, but God has blessed Americans with a fine brave spirit and a rich land with his help and with yours. We can fulfill what we're meant to be. Thank you and God bless you.


WordPress, right? And we all use WordPress on our website, blogging, or I just interested in the technology because it's fantastic and all. So basically, I'll be talking about how WordPress is good for coding or it's the best platform or one of the best platform that if you know how to code you can utilize very well. Before I start, let's say that WordPress goes beyond creating a website or creating a website easily. A lot of it depends on WordPress because it's quite easy to, you know, do something quickly in a few minutes, you know, if you really know how to code, you can go beyond that. So we'll start with a code that I saw on all the other blogs, but I'm searching for this presentation. It says one of the quotes is, the content programmer is a creator of universe, for which he alone is the long-giver, no playwright, no stage direction, no emperor, however powerful, as ever, it decides such absolute authority to arrange a stage for field of battle and to command and search unsurprisingly beautiful actors or troops, yourself, with them on. Basically, all this grammar that this person is saying is this, if you can code, you are a code. That's what it means.  A code to the command, a code that can control the commands of an entire system. And if you can control an entire system, imagine how many people's life you can control because you now make people depend on systems to you. So the power to code is the power to control people, to help people at the same time as well. So basically, that's what I'm saying. And I'm going to share my experience with you guys. I've had a situation where, you know, one person is really good to use, right? You know, you enjoy the experience of being able to do things really quick. How to quickly be the website, deadline next week. I think, oh, you have to be in the CSS now and it will take forever to finish, maybe two weeks to really, depending on your skill level and all of that. So, you know, your skill level determines how fast you can finish with the HTML and CSS.  And WordPress will do most of the things that you can do, blah, blah, blah.  And then you now start using the thing that you're going to use in your life. Okay. This is what you're not going to do what I'm looking for. I want to add, let's assume you're creating for, I work for an NGO part-time business, as an intern, tried for a mentor initiative and that should be the moment. And I take care of the IT stuff, the website and all that. So, you know, we wanted to go and rebrand the website. We wanted to rebrand the website. And I bought this thing. I bought this thing. It had most of what I needed, right? And then we installed the team and then started going on, building the website and all of that. And then the boss called me and like, hey, let me come.  This is what I want. We are ready to purchase the team.  Let me look at it. Let me go through it. Let me try all the things that all work, blah, blah, blah. And the show's called me all the sudden. How do people have gotten the team? We are ready and ready to own the design I wanted to go for. And he says, we need to change the team. We need to make it look like this other side. I went to the site and I just looked at the team I purchased and I decided that I wanted to build the team. There are two different things and, you know, we start to think, ah, we don't have to purchase that thing and there's $65 again. Ah, they're more expensive than all that. So, what do we do? find you here, obviously, but develop us. And one of the things about coding, one of the interesting things about coding is I didn't go to any school to learn coding, not to brag, sorry. I didn't go to any school to learn coding or when people are like that. But I did go to Neo Rising if you're familiar with it, it is like that. I to learn, I would go into then how to code and then she just took me and I said, okay, there's a program that does coding and networking and some other programs together in one. Let me just pick that course. It's called BCS. So, I will start C++. And one of the, I learned something very, very important. You know, my lecturer would say, the lecturer who first had the school would say, he would ask us to teach us a series of code syntaxes and other languages. So, I'm going to give you guys the problem right now. It puts the problem on the mind says, someone should explain how to solve this problem in code. And the problem is you can't say English. There's no English in the class. You have to say programming words like, okay, we have to create the OPA. We have to do this year. We have to do this year. That's the way the class went on. And the problem is anytime you start coding and you just get to where you're stopped. The next thing you say is, so what do you do? Because this thing is going to make you stop. So, you only have to think of it plan B. So, you take that experience into your WordPress life. If what's the team, you're working with the team, requirements are changing. You need to meet up requirements that have changed and things like that. What happens? Do you just give up at that time and say that thing that you need to do exactly what you want and change your name? Or do you look for a way to walk around? So, we're working on the website and she showed me this new template or the template that she wants us to follow now. And then what we have to do is, what I have to do is I have to sit down and code most of the things that we need for the website. The donate button, we have to redesign everything because the things that come with the special, you know most of the things come with this special donate button, that it's highlighted and stays on one side, that kind of thing. So, we have to basically redo that. We work the entire CSH, HTML structure. We have to remove some JavaScript that we don't need there because we have to put this on the code and all that. And then my second experience was last year. I was working for, I wasn't my job. Somebody called me, partner with me, so I can work together on the website and things like that. So, when we got the requirement for the website, no clients can be really fun, right? Clients can be really fun. The given requirement is that as a designer, he starts to wonder where they got their idea from. I, I, like, this thing will not work. But then, you know, there are clients now, you don't want to have you and they don't ask that to charge your intelligence but maybe he comes to you.  So, he came called me and said, this is what you want. And I looked at him and I said, you know, first talk. And he wanted to be responsive to. That was what he probably wants. You know, what he wanted was, as this image is, right, let's assume this is the watch page, then this is the webpage. Let's assume this, everything like this are images and then the purple thing is the background, right? So, they say, this is a picture of a person. And we don't want, we don't want the words that are going to be put on those images to appear on the person's image. And then, mind that, the people that were left never had reason their hands doing a lot of things in the images. So, there's a, there's a huge amount of space to write anything. If you're familiar with HTML, we have to do a lot of patting left, patting right, a lot of float left, float right thing and all that. And then 24 years ago, it was good on desktop, it was great on desktop. And then we just opened it on mobile. And there was something else. And then we have to put that thing in and be like, what are we doing? What are we doing wrong? You know, I, I'm glad that I learned a bit of bootstrap and all those things while I was out at us. That is, I moved everything again. I started, I started fresh. I went on bootstrap, started doing all the bootstrap thing, go long, go long these, go long these, go long that. And then by then it was ready. It was quite responsive, not very much, but it was quite responsive on everything. I said, yeah, what's the problem? When I got three years old person, and it's like, I don't know, I don't think what best we were able to do more than one. And I said, let's just try. So we started again, we went back to WordPress. Then we started doing the entire thing again and then, in which I don't use it. At times you have to put up with your friends and let them know what is possible and what isn't. And explain to them what it was that went through it, to get this thing right. And for the, for the for us, they agreed to let the images stay at the bar and let the text come on top. What am I trying to say? I'm saying that if we are not going ahead to write code and to show them what it would look like if, if we are coded or if we are going their way, then probably we are not, we might not have been able to convince them that there might not be a way to go. That's all I'm saying. And things and plugins, people's limitations for our ability to code will also enhance us in figuring out what to do and how to do it and then giving the target jobs. How are you going to decide if we can get them to get to me? Basically what, what, what's saying is I really want to know what questions you don't get to me. This is up your hands. Okay. How many of us know P3 is a programming language? P3 is a program? Okay. So we don't know that. It's important that P, WordPress has, has a software development program, has a, has a program that helps people to be able to say, excuse me, can we call this software, a, a, a web app that allows you to build your stuff easily. But at the same time, if you understand the mechanics of PHP, if you understand PHP to a certain level, you'll be able to take your WordPress skills to a certain level, given the fact that there are times when we buy plugins, right? We buy plugins or we stop plugins and then we need our plugins to certain things or to get certain details or stuff like that. And bear in mind that, like I said, WordPress goes beyond creating websites. You can create apps, beautiful apps. And I think some of the things today is focused on WordPress and Internet of Things.  Internet of Things is the capability to infuse technology to our daily lives. That's just me.  What IoT means, infusing our homes, all these smart homes I get, that part of the Internet of Things cycle. Being able to use technology to control our home appliances, healthy appliances, to make coffee, to make your phone call, turn on the shower.  Those are what Internet of Things, you know, mean. And then think about it and then think about the power of WordPress. And say, WordPress can control your car. Is it not mind-blowing? For a web app, where everyone just needs that, should be an app where you can create free blogs and all that. And then you hear someone say, you can use WordPress to control your car, or make a coffee. And then you are like, okay, let me take a step back. Are you really sure this small app that we're using to create small blogs, that we're just using to make you access revenue, you can create something that would help you control your car. If you understand the power behind that, then you know the significance of WordPress. Everybody wants an easy life. Why do we create technology in the first place? To make things easy for other people. To make things easy for everyone else to to have easy access to things. They can get adults open and all of that. And, you know, technology is going to the stage where that thing is happening. I mean, we control our TV with our mobile phones. We do that. And we can control our TV with our mobile phones. Definitely, some of you, we need to pay someone to create a website like that and use to control every other thing in my house or in my office or in my child's room, you know.  You play camera and then you have the toys around the food and things like that. You just have things around that you want to be able to don't want to go into the room to do. You can do that from let's say your living room or from your room while you're sleeping.  Maybe they, maybe they just need to get to Brookings, you know, get back to sleep and things like that. You need to push a little bit more to, what do you call the I feel like the.. The, no the creep, yes. So, all you need to do is You just press one button and then the kid starts moving, just he shakes the baby a bit and then it's full as he begins. Just all I'm saying, basically I'm saying that if you can utilize the power that WordPress has, you'll be able to create all imaginable technology that goes way beyond websites and blogs. Okay, so what happens when your client asks you for teams and plugins, and you go to an interview and then you sit down and then the man is like, oh, so you use WordPress, yes, I do.  I've got to wait, have you got to tell me where your client is challenging you? He's looking at you and like, okay, so what do you want to do for us? Okay, I'll purchase the ghosting and the main aim and the SSL site. Just as you've been down mentioned, SSL site, they are creating an e-commerce site and they're like, so how will you secure my site?  You know, they're trying to push you to see how much you know about what you're trying to say. So, and they say, okay, and you know what? We don't want to use any of the things that are online. We want you to design our own game for us. Will you not fall down with the job? And let's assume, let's assume it's like an RV or yellow food, so, one of those big brands. But let's say Apple. Apple calls you and then you cannot say you want to fall down the job because you can't create HTML, same page that you're facing with your WordPress. Do you not want money that you've lost? Just want it to be that you've lost a lot of money. Am I right? But if you had like, HTML skills, CSS skills, you know, you can build up from HTML, CSS, they can move on to JavaScript and then go into all these further scripts into LQ in creating more unique websites. I was reading online one time when somebody said something about Bootstrap, he said that everybody's using Bootstrap now and all the websites look alike. And it's true. I go to Thailand and I go to WordPress. I go to Thailand and I go to WordPress again. I go to, it's so, it's so glaring that everyone is using WordPress or even if I'm not using WordPress, I know it's Bootstrap, I know, I try to know what is behind me, the technology. And I can see it, I didn't even have to check the software. That's how fun it is, that's how they resemble. Like, I don't have to go right click and check the software. I just look at the, this is the WordPress site, obviously. So we need to be able to create and extend ourselves from others. And we won't be able to do that if we keep installing things and keep downloading plugins and everything. And then I'm sure you'll be able to hear that. So much plugins are telling me because I really slow. And then they also make society vulnerable. There are as much as possible, install, you're free to decide how many plugins you want or make sure it doesn't exceed 10 to 15. When it's more than that, you have a problem. You need to be for plugins that can do multiple things, not just one thing. You're not solving one plugin for one thing. You have to do for plugins that can do a couple of things in addition and also try as much as possible to, if you have a page, please write your own plugin or write a system that can allow you to do the actually the same thing that the plugin will help you do.  WordPress plugins don't do everything. We all know that, we really talk about, we already talk about that. And then why should we learn to go? I thought, why? I'm gonna look at this. I took this from Smashingmax.com by Jonathan Bowd said, by the way, installing WordPress, installing WordPress, really a few tutorials and customizing a few things does not make someone hit up people about it. They may call themselves an expert and that's fine. They may know more than average person, but they talk about most of the basics and push it down the very boundaries of what is possible. They innovate, contribute to the community and demonstrate the mastery in the work that they do. And that is the only reason why I'm talking about this, right? I want us to be able to push the boundary of what WordPress can do, create more forward press and for ourselves and for the community as well.  That's the same thing. That's like what this person is trying to say. WordPress makes you an artist and WordPress gives you a canvas to build on. And the only thing stopping you from creating mind-blowing technology is your imagination and your ability to code. Why stop at being the way WordPress developed by your speed website when you can be world-class? I picked world-class. I made it world because I took it from my mentor who told me what was wrong. If you are familiar with the coding with the Google community as well. Then also, the person who writes is a fantastic coder. Anyway, my point is, he always pushes people to be world-class. It says that when I was going to ask him to mentor me, I said, sir, I would want you to mentor me on everything and he said, the first question he asked me was, I'd be better than world-class. And it's not about being just world-class. It's about the readiness and the dimension and focus of being world-class. And what he means to be world-class is to be ready to face challenges or imagine which challenges. And I won't stand here and tell you coding is easy because I'm struggling with it myself. I will tell you that it's possible to learn it if you invest the time in it. And also, it should also open doors for you. One of the things it does is, you make more money, basically. The reason why you make more money is, people buy things for $65, imagine. And these people brag about the million downloads that has $65 times in million. Imagine if it was your team that was called on Team Forest and was bought 1,000 times, 2,000 times, 5,000 times. I remember that, these people subscribed to it. Some of them were for free renewal, but some of them will tell you, maybe renewal for a year. That means in the year, there will be returning customers because that team is so good that people return to pay another $65 a year. So if you can, if out of 1 million downloads, 500, half of that will come next year. Meanwhile, other people will still buy in the beginning that same year. But you have a fixed amount of people that will always come back to your side.  At least 500 of them are coming to buy your thing for a year. The amount of WordPress development is high. Appliances are going to pay more for developers who are the best in the field.  That's why I think you have to think whatever you want to be like, like you have to learn how to stand out.  Some developers or WordPress people don't think that you should look for a theme and they try to bend it to your rules. They're right, they should look for, they should look for things that can do what you can do. But the truth is, even though you find those kind of themes, in the end, there are still limitations that you have to fix for yourself and you have to know how to score. And you don't want to also say thank everything like that because sometimes it doesn't help you say, I'm working on it on the website right now and I have a few videos and I have to call someone and he said, can you help me out? And I'm trying to, I'm not really like it brings up because I really can't figure out what's wrong with them. I'm looking at the code and it's looking like nothing is wrong. But you have to have the output that this is actually one of the things about coding. It drives you crazy sometimes, but if you keep pushing at it and you try fresh ice, take a break, take a cup of coffee, sleep, wake up then look at coding again, you'll be fine, just me, you'll be fine. You might take weeks to figure out but it's difficult in the end, you still figure it out because I don't know what I'm saying. So I have to call someone and I'm like, do you want to know if I can wake you up? And she goes real, yeah, right in front of them like crazy. She doesn't even use WordPress, that's why I actually called her. You know, she, I called her and I'm like, help me, help me do this. And then she fixed the first problem in like two hours. I'm like, what happened? I'm looking at like three days I couldn't get it on the program. So she explained to me that I missed a few things I didn't see when I was reading the code. And then she's looking at something else now and you know how much you're charging me for an hour? 5,000 error per hour. She said, I said, that's so much, you know, but back in the day, that's not that bad. It's 2,000 error per hour. And she has spent, I gave it to her on Tuesdays. She probably spends maybe two hours a day every day just trying to figure it out and then everything. So I'm sure right now my view comes now being maybe 15k or something because of the amount of hours that she has spent on it just to fix it. I think it's a mini problem. The problem I'm maybe doing is not responsive. And then the thing that I'm using it as well, the way it displays people's profile is not responsive. Or it's not responsive. It's in the table. And tables are not very responsive when it comes to mobile. So we're changing entirely to a Facebook-like design. The way Facebook displays your profile on mobile where you have a birthday online, you have an address online, so it's a way to be able to have a birthday name or a reason why it comes this way this time. So basically that's what she's trying to work on. So you can imagine the power of coding. She didn't have to do all the pressure. In all she had to do was to log into my sleep manual and all that. To my team editor and just change a few things and voila. Get the best clients. If you have dynamic-looking websites, yeah, it will still be Menubar and Slider. But then your Menubar has a bit of design. It's not the regular-faded-in or transparent slider. You have a logo that doesn't stay in the header, for example, something that drops way below the overlaps on both the header and on the slider as well. Or you have an header that is not just a straight block of white, let's say it stops halfway and then it calls towards the top. There are things that if you know CSS and JS, there are general scripts you'll be able to do by yourself and make it look more nice and make people see your websites and say, oh, okay, this one's looking way, way different than the other one. Are you gonna actually do this one too? Yeah, I guess I know one. And they're looking at different things that close their mind anyway. They're trying to give you that job because they believe that you do something that is different from every other thing that you've done as well as make their own brand as well stand out. And what does any other brand want to make their own brand stand out from others? One of the ways that you know a brand that stands out is you have to try it from their website.  You're not likely to buy from that person or do business with that person. Am I right? And you know some of the time when you go to, when you try to give a source for a game, and they don't go to the person's demo theme and they're like, they want to use this thing because they want to use the theme because the way they're going to choose you. And then you have the most influence. Being at the top means you have your voice and responsibility and capability to shape the future of WordPress and go that's the ecosystem that is built around it. Basically what this means is, if you go at what you do, people will know you, people will identify you and it will enable you teach others, influence others, help others see the integrity of using the platform that you use as well as enable you to return to the community or give back to the community. And also, because WordPress is such a large community, we can see everybody here today who are like brothers and sisters because of WordPress. Because here we're able to share ideas and talk about our problems as developers and they find answers to those things.  And then beyond WordPress is the data of code.  So if you're standing away from code because somebody else has made it easier for you, why not just join the community and develop more so that WordPress can be better for others who can code at all or younger people so that they can have a platform to start learning how to do these things. And then one of the languages obviously that WordPress is, is PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS. These are not languages, they are mock-up text languages. These are proper languages, PHP and JS.  And I'm not just talking about creating websites but I'm talking about teams and things like that as well. And then now make WordPress better. What this means basically is just, as long as you can code, you can commit to WordPress. There's make.wordpress.com, yeah. Make.wordpress.com is a team of people from all around the world committing to do project WordPress. We get from this every time and you don't know where those works are coming from. They're all coming from make.wordpress.com. People spend their time and energy sitting down to think about the problems that we could face as developers and try and fix those problems. If you commit to that, then you can help to that commit as well. We should be good to that. So this is the need to learn more about being a top developer in top WordPress for all of us. My time is up so I probably could get that later. Arigato gozaimasu. That's Japanese for thank you very much.