Namaste, Sadhguru. My name is Deepesh. I'm coming from Kerala. I have been reading books, almost a hundred books about spirituality. I like talking spirituality. I like philosophizing about spirituality, about Buddhism, Anapanasathi, everything. But when coming to practice, I postpone it, how to avoid laziness. So you cannot think about it, you cannot talk about it because whatever you think and talk about is not spirituality. It's not even good literature. Really, believe me, there's better literature in the world than spiritual books. If hundred books that you read did not create enough thirst in you to do something about it, there is nothing spiritual about these books. If it created a longing within you that you couldn't help doing something about it, then that book is okay. Even that book is not spiritual, at least it's inspirational. It inspired you enough to take a step. And a million words that you read are of no consequence. If you take one little step, it's worth all the scriptures on the planet. So, before it's too late, take at least one small step. Now that you are here, at least start one twelve minute isha kriya. And I have specially designed this for people like you, it has got words in the meditation. Because those who live on words, those who feed upon words, without words they cannot live, you know. There are enough beautiful things in this planet and in this existence. If you paid enough attention, you would become wordless. But a whole lot of people thrive on words because they have never paid enough attention to anything. So if you pay enough attention, you will become wordless. For days on end, as a growing boy, I never said a word because what's there to say?  These two eyes and these five senses are not enough to grasp. It hardly gives you any sense. So when you don't pay attention to life, you will get hugely enamored by words. And I'm sure you said Buddhism and also you're repeating what Gautama said, or whatever they printed in his name. Yes, because if I speak something today, by tomorrow morning it becomes hundred different versions. If Gautama spoke poor man, twenty-five hundred years ago, what all they should have said in his names? They have said too many things which are not his words. And that is why it becomes an ism. It has become an ism means that means there's nothing to do with the Buddha. Buddhism means all the people around created a whole lot of things. Buddha is a different thing. Buddhism is another thing. So with everything else, so don't feed on those isms. Just start one simple process with words, just for you. Please do it.


For everything there's a price, that's what you're saying, to pay for everything. It's like this, right now my left foot is here, my right foot is here. If my right foot wants to go here, it has to equate that space, isn't it so? Yes or no? No, no, I want to be here also but I want to put my foot here, is it possible? No. So, now I can, if I do it joyfully, I don't think this is a price. If I do it with pain, every step is a price, isn't it? Right now it's mango season, what the hell am I doing in Toronto? Three months in a year in India, there's only one religion called mango, who will soak in mangoes. In a mango season, what am I doing in Toronto? What a price to pay. Anything that you do willingly, you will not pay this price. Anything that you do unwillingly is a price, okay?  Anything that happens to you willingly feels like heaven. The same thing if it happens to you unwillingly feels like heaven. This is what it's all about, yes? This is the choice you have. Either you make every breath, every beat of your heart a willing process or an unwilling process. If you make it unwilling, everything will be suffering. If you make it willing, everything is fantastic. Price, there is no price. Life, there's no time to pay price in this life. Because life is just a certain arrangement of life and time and energy. Energy you can manage. Time is ticking away, isn't it?  Energies you can conserve, you can rest and become more active the next moment. All these things you can do, you can play with energy. Time is just ticking away. No time to look back and pay price. Look ahead and do what you can do.


I'm Salvatore Babonis and today's lecture is Proto-Global Problems. Before the world became a single interconnected place, there were already many processes of globalization occurring. Phenomena like the spread of the alphabet, the consolidation of large societies, the spread of disease, trade were all forms of proto-globalization occurring throughout the Afro-Eurasian continent. Similar processes seemed to have occurred in what would become the Americas. Though the world was not yet globally connected, globalization as a process was already well underway long before Christopher Columbus bumped into the Americas in 1492 to create today's global world. Wherever you go in the world, remember, someone has been there before. You can be trekking through what seems to be a primordial jungle in Central America and find out that there was a massive agricultural civilization there just 300 years ago and that none of the trees around you are more than 300 years old. The complexity of history and the mobility of pre-modern humans are reflected very well in the history of Stonehenge, a prehistoric site that long predates the Celts and the Druids in Salisbury, England. The same spot where prehistoric people built this astronomical calendar was later occupied by the Celtic Britons and then the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, ultimately becoming modern England. Throughout all this time, the site remained while the societies around it changed. In fact, cultural diffusion is so ancient and so widespread that all claims to cultural essentialism have to be viewed very skeptically. This has come to be known as Galton's Problem since the 1888 observation by Francis Galton that similar cultural traits and widely disparate societies might arise by diffusion from a common ancestor or diffusion between societies. Galton's Problem pops up everywhere. One thing to put it in perspective is the knowledge we have that Phoenician sailors circumnavigated Africa in 600 BC. We know that actually happened because Herodotus, the Greek historian, reports on their voyage and tells us that he doesn't believe it could have occurred. The reason he doesn't believe it is that the Phoenicians report that halfway through their voyage when they were at the southern tip of Africa, the sun appeared in the northern half of the sky instead of the southern half of the sky. Herodotus said that everybody knows that the sun is always in the southern half of the sky since Herodotus had never left the northern hemisphere. Well of course we know now that in the southern hemisphere the sun is in the northern half of the sky and so we know now that the Phoenicians actually did the circumnavigation that Herodotus didn't believe. Well if the Phoenicians were able to circumnavigate Africa 2600 years ago people were able to get everywhere in the world and places that we think might have been connected by impossible distances are very likely to have been connected after all. One of the great advocates of the interconnectedness of the world was the Norwegian adventurer Torre Hyerdahl. Torre Hyerdahl believed that the Americas were contacted by Europeans or Semites or Egyptians that is people from somewhere in the Mediterranean in ancient times and that then these people went on to journey to the Pacific islands. Now his theory is not taken very seriously today but you can watch some amazing footage of Torre Hyerdahl's journey in the Contiki raft from Peru to Polynesia, a journey that proved the feasibility that Polynesia was contacted by South Americans even if it doesn't prove that it actually happened.  I strongly encourage you to have a look. The adoption of the alphabet also shows how the world was connected long before the modern era. Most people don't realize that there's only really one alphabet in the world, the Phoenician alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet spread to the west and became the basis of the Greek and then the Etruscan and then the Latin alphabet that's used in the English language and in European languages. But the Phoenician alphabet also spread southward to become the basis of Ethiopia's alphabet and spread to the east eventually via India reaching as far east as Japanese Kana symbols which are based on ancient Sanskrit symbols which are then ultimately based on the Phoenician alphabet. In fact the only alphabet in the world that cannot be traced in some way to the ancient Phoenician alphabet is Korean hangul and Korean hangul was created in modern times as an explicit attempt to create a new alphabet. All other alphabets that arose organically through people's adoption of existing alphabets, all other alphabets in the world spread from Phoenicia from an alphabet that was invented 3,000 years ago. Of course it wasn't just the alphabet that spread. If useful cultural ideas like the alphabet could spread to cover all of Afro-Eurasia, so could germs. Viral epidemics spread across the entire Afro-Eurasian landmass at least as early as the beginning of the current era, the first two centuries AD. Records simply say plague and we don't know exactly what viruses were called plague in ancient Rome and ancient China, but we do know that in China, the Mediterranean and Africa there were contemporaneous plagues that hit at the same time and seemed to present in the same way. An epic disease like the plague that spreads to cover the entire world or at least all major accessible populations in the world is called a pandemic. As a result of multiple pandemics, the people of Afro-Eurasia have come to share a partly integrated biology. All of the peoples of Afro-Eurasia share something in their bodies that was not shared by people of the New World, of the Americas with tragic consequences for the people of the Americas and also the people of many Pacific islands and of Australasia who did not have resistance to these Afro-Eurasian diseases. Epidemics may have been among the first global social problems, but they weren't the only ones. Climate change in Central Asia regularly set waves of nomads in motion, immigrating or attacking depending on your perspective, China, India and Europe at the same time. In fact, the speakers of the Indo-European languages, languages like English, French and German, were at the center of some of these earliest migration crises. The people who now populate Europe, those who speak Indo-European languages, were at one time invaders who displaced or slaughtered, nobody knows the details, the people who built Stonehenge and the rest of the Neolithic inhabitants of Europe. They also invaded India where Hindi is an Indo-European language as is Persian, the language of Iran. The spread of global religions, which some people consider very positive, could also be seen as a major global social problem from the perspective of people who already lived in and already had religions in the places where those religions spread. So for example, the spread of Islam in the 8th and 9th centuries to cover an area from the Atlantic Ocean to the shores of the Pacific Ocean was a major global social problem for the existing powers in the places that Islam spread to. Other religions that spread and displaced local religions were Buddhism, which spread from India to China, Korea and Japan and of course Christianity, which has been imposed on many areas throughout the world often at the point of a sword or of a gun. What makes a global social problem is that it's conceptually global in scope even if it is not always global in the physical scale of the areas affected. A global social problem is definitively a problem, something that's viewed by at least some people as not good, that is social related to the interconnections among human beings and is global in scope that is driven by global forces and or carrying global implications. The ancient Roman playwright Terence is credited with the line, I am human and nothing of that which is human is alien to me, but not all human problems are global social problems. There are many individual human tragedies that we do not study as global social problems. A global social problem is a problem that is best understood using global level theories and comparative analyses. There are problems that cannot be localized to a particular area or particularized to one individual. There are problems that are generalized that impact the world simultaneously. A problem also should be considered a global social problem if experience from similar problems in other places can be used to help solve them. Some key takeaways. First, Gauntlin's problem means that no part of the world can be studied in isolation. The whole world has to be studied as a whole. Second, this has been true for a long time. At least for 2000 years, epidemic diseases have spread rapidly to affect the entire Afro-Eurasian land mass. And third, global social problems may not always be global in scale, but they are nonetheless global in scope. Thank you for listening to this lecture on Proto-Global Social Problems. For more information about me, please see my website at Salvaturbabonus.com where you can also sign up for my monthly newsletter.


Good morning. My name is Emiliani Polipin. I work in the Unix Research Centre in Germany, and this morning my task is to give you a short introduction on QMM approaches. So far, during this week, you have seen and used methods based on classical physics. However, if you want to talk about QMM, that is a short for quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, we need to talk about quantum physics. But I also know that some of you is not so much familiar with quantum physics and quantum mechanics yet. For this reason, in the first part of this lesson, I'm going to revise some basic elements about quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry. A session to understand, let's say, let's say the big picture. But I would like that you keep in mind from the beginning that if you want to use QMM approaches to investigate your systems, what we will see and learn today is absolutely not enough, and you will need to do the effort to go more in that in the theory of computational quantum chemistry if you really plan to employ these approaches in your system. In your investigations. After my theoretical lesson, my colleague, Maudi Vaibab, has prepared for you some tutorials where you will have the chance to watch QMM at work with practical example and real calculation by using the CP2K code. CP2K is a rather popular quantum code with many features, some of which I will mention in this lesson, and others will be introduced by Maudi himself in Victoria. Summarizing my intent today is to provide you with a quick overview of the essential concept of quantum mechanics and computational quantum chemistry, and then short to introduce QMM in order to make it easier to understand what Maudi is going to show you in Victoria. In particular, here is the outline. In the first part, we will discuss about when and why quantum mechanics is useful in biology. Moreover, as I said, we will give you a short recap of a crucial concept in quantum mechanics and computational quantum chemistry. Then we will talk about why we need to introduce hybrid QMM approaches, and in the second part of this lesson, after the break, we will go more in-depth about how to build a QMM method and how quantum and classical region can be coupled together in a QMM scheme, focusing in particular to the approaches implemented in the CP2K code. Let's start by answering the question, why do we need quantum mechanics in describing computational systems? In fact, in the previous days, you used approaches such as force field-based molecular mechanics or docking, where the finest resolution is the atom. What does it mean? The atoms are described like points in the space moving according to the classical Newtonian equations, if the dynamics is of interest. However, there are many phenomena in nature, including in biology, where such level of detail is not sufficient. Here are some examples. First of all, when chemical reaction are involved. For example, if you want to study enzymatic reaction. Second, when you want to work with a system containing metal atoms, for which in general no units are classical parametrization is available, and in each specific case, a docked force field parameter set to be tuned. Third example is when you want to study a phenomenon that involves proton transport, such as in the hydrobic generation of ATP or in photosynthesis. In fact, in hydrogen bonding solvent like water, protons do not diffuse as the other common cations, that is, as a random Brownian motion, mass motion due to thermal fluctuation. Instead, the excess proton diffuses via the so-called Krautus mechanism, sketch here in the picture at the right. A mechanism that implies the formation and the concomitant cleavage of covalent bonds involving neighboring molecules. As last example, quantum mechanics is necessary when we need to perform first principle base prediction of spectroscopic data, such as absorption of fluorescence spectra or even NMR, because empirical parametrization are usually unavailable or unreliable. What do all these examples have in common? The fact that the dynamical behavior of the electrons inside the atoms is fundamental for a correct description of phenomena, and cannot be neglected as done, for example, when we use the force field base approach. Unfortunately, electrons as well as the lightest nuclei such as protons cannot be dynamically described through the classical Newton equations, and the more complex theory is required, that is quantum mechanics. The fundamental equation of quantum mechanics is the so-called Schweringer equation here at the top of this slide. Calculate the quantum properties of a system, the quantum system implies to solve the corresponding Schweringer equation, which you can consider the equivalent of the Newtonian equation in the classical world. The unknown variable of the Schweringer equation is psi, the so-called wave function of the entire quantum system. It is a function of the coordinates of the quantum element in the system, that is electrons and nuclei for a molecular system, and the time. Knowing the wave function of the system at a certain time allows us to compute the properties of that system at that time. How? By solving in principle an integral like this. The square modulus of psi is proportional to the charge density and distribution of the system. The H in the Schweringer equation is instead the so-called Hamiltonian, and it represents the physics of the system. It is a equivalent of the force field at classical level. That is, it contains the interactional energy term of the electrons and the nuclei. For example, here at the bottom I reported the typical Hamiltonian used to describe molecular system in quantum chemistry, where now small and capital R represent electronic and nuclear coordinates respectively. From left to right you can recognize the kinetic term for the nuclei, the kinetic term for the electrons, the Coulomb interaction terms between electrons and nuclei, and finally the Coulomb interaction term between the nuclei. The Schweringer equation is mathematically extremely complex to solve. Just to give you an example with even only one particle, so n equals to 1, and in also complex Hamiltonians exact analytical solution are not available. Therefore, for the many body system we usually deal with, the Schweringer equation can only be solved approximately by numerical solution generated by our computer, and many approximate approaches have been devised in the years for the same. In particular, if we are interested only in the properties of the system and not with its dynamical behavior, we can prove that it is enough to solve a slightly simpler equation called time independent Schweringer equation, where now the wave function psi is independent from the time. Here at the right I listed some of the many schemes developed to approximately solve this simpler equation, for theory, couple cluster, density function, theory, etc. When instead we are also interested in the dynamics of the quantum system, the full time dependent Schweringer equation needs to be solved and some different approaches are nowadays available to approximately find the solution of this equation. These are the so-called ab inition molecular dynamic scheme, such as the Herrenfest, the Bernu-Penheimer, or the Carparinello molecular dynamic schemes. All these schemes share the assumption or better, the approximation that the motion of the atomic nuclei and the one of the electrons in the molecule can be treated separately, but also the assumption in addition that the nuclear motion can be considered as a classical motion. These mostly because the masses of the nuclei are at least three order of magnitude larger than the electronic mass and thinking classically the nuclei are much lower than the electrons. This assumption is often collected under the name Borg-Penheimer approximation, not to be confused with the molecular dynamic scheme just mentioned. Even if nowadays this name referred to a more technical aspect of the assumption itself that I cannot describe here, in the larger majority of the molecular system, including the typical larger biological systems, this approximation, the Bernu-Penheimer approximation, is well verified and can be safely employed. I do not have time to enter in much more details about the different ab inition molecular dynamic schemes, but I want to briefly mention how the Bernu-Penheimer dynamical scheme works, because that is implemented in the CP2K code and you will use it in the tutorial. In this slide I brought down the two equations that describe the scheme, the Bernu-Penheimer molecular dynamic scheme. The first thing to note is the separation between the electronic degrees of freedom, first equation, and the nuclear degrees of freedom, second equation. The second thing to note is that the electronic problem does not evolve in time. It is a time independent Scheddinger equation, while the nuclear degrees of freedom evolve in time as classical entities, that is according a Newton-like equation. Mass times acceleration. The two dots over the capital R mean second derivative in the spectrum. So mass times acceleration equals to minus the gradient of a quantity that represents the potential felt by the nuclei. Schematically, the algorithm associated to this molecular dynamics approach proceed this way. At each step, a time independent Scheddinger equation involving only the electronic degrees of freedom is solved via some of the electronic structure method like the ones mentioned before, or Hartree-Fock density function theory, etc. Note that in the H.E. Hamiltonian in this equation, the nuclear coordinates, capital R, are not dynamical variables, but just parameters. In this approximation, the electrons move within a static electric field due to the presence of the nuclei. Second step, the electronic wave function Psi 0 found solving this time independent Scheddinger equation is used in the algorithm to calculate the forces on the nuclei via the right-hand side of the second equation. In fact, the forces are obtained as minus the gradient of a potential that depends on the electronic wave function Psi 0. Finally, having obtained the forces, the nuclei are moved according to the Newton-like equation. Note that the electronic problem in the first equation has an infinite number of solutions in principle, each one corresponding to a different energy state. However, among those solutions here, we are interested in the wave function corresponding to the state with the smallest energy, that is, the ground state, as indicated with the subscript 0. Instead, the mean symbol in the second equation refers to the fact that the electronic problem consisting of solving the time independent Scheddinger equation that is of finding Psi 0 can be recast in a variational problem that is a problem of finding a minimum. This is the so-called wave function minimization or optimization procedure. And on a computer, it is computationally more convenient than any other algorithm that tries to solve directly the time independent Scheddinger equation. We will see an example of this minimization algorithm in a few slides. Let's now focus on the methods to solve the first equation. As I mentioned before, many methods have been devised in the years to approximately solve the time independent Scheddinger equation. Some are very accurate and computational expensive. Others are computationally less demanding but also limited in accuracy. However, almost every quantum code used in computational biophysics and biochemistry implements the density function theory, including CP2K, the code you will use in the tutorial. In fact, this relatively recent approach represents probably the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost. And it is therefore currently one of the very few approaches that offer the possibility to deal with the system of order of hundreds of atoms with sufficient accuracy. Let's briefly describe the density function theory. The theory is based on the following two theorems proved by the physicists Hohenberg and Kohn. The first, the ground state energy and therefore the ground state properties of a many electron system is a unique functional of the electronic density probe. Here functional means a function of another function. In fact, the density rho is a function of the three space coordinates. In each point of the three space, you have a value of the electronic density. The second theorem says that the functional for the ground state energy rho is variational in the sense we have mentioned before. The benefit to use this method is that instead to calculate the wave function Psi 0, which depends on all the electronic coordinates, the properties of the system depend in the DFT only on rho, which in turn depends only on three coordinates, the spatial coordinates. The drawback is that the functional rho is not known and therefore as it is the theory cannot be used in practice. Fortunately, the physicists Kohn and Sham in 1965 had the idea to recast the problem in order to make density functional theory a practical method. Their idea is simple. They hypothesized a fictitious system of non-interacting electrons with the local potential that by construction generates the same electronic density rho as the one of the real system, the real fully interacting electron system. In this way, the problem to find the density rho of the real fully interacting system that minimize the functional E of rho is recast to the problem of solving n single electron equations, much easier to solve than an equation of n electrons. Above all, all the terms in the single electron equations are known apart from one, the so-called exchange correlation functional. In these Kohn-Sham equations the phi i's represent the single electron wave functions not to be confused with the psi 0 in the previous slides that is the wave function of the entire electronic system formed by n electrons and rho can be obtained from the n different phi i's by using the first relation in the slides. In practice, quantum chemists have proposed many recipes to approximate the unknown exchange correlation functional EXC for example by calculating it for the simplest cases such as the homogenous electron gas or by fitting experimental data. When you have to specify the level of theory you are going to use to solve the electronic problem with density functional theory, you need also to state explicitly the exchange correlation functional you decided to use. Having decided which exchange correlation functional to use how do we get the electronic density rho in other words? How does the algorithm that solves the system of n single electron Kohn-Sham equations work? This is done through an iterative procedure. Why the iterative procedure? Because the Kohn-Sham equations because they are n are non-linear which means that some of terms in the equations depend on the electronic density itself that is on the solutions, the solution that you want to find. The iterative procedure to solve these equations can be summarized this way. First we start with an arbitrary electronic density in order to define completely the equation to be solved. Then we find the phi i that is the single electron wave function that can be used to get the new electronic density by using this equality. We measure the difference between the new and the previous density if the difference is below some predetermined threshold we consider the new density already converged and we stop the iteration, we go out the iteration. Otherwise we take the new density and we go back to the first step. This self-consisted approach is very commonly used in quantum chemistry and in general when we have to solve non-linear equations like the Kohn-Sham equations. Now all the equations we have seen so far including the Kohn-Sham equations are continuous equations. Their solution, as for example the phi i's in the Kohn-Sham equations are functions defined on all the space. However, to put such a problem on a computer to solve such a problem on a computer to solve such a question we need to discretize the problem. How can we discretize the problem of solving the Kohn-Sham equations? This is done by expanding the wave function on it already density over a finite set of known functions and we refer usually to this set of functions as the basis set. This y let's say in this way the problem to solve a continuous differential equation is recast in the problem of the diagonalized matrix and find again values and again vector. When one wants to specify the type of quantum chemistry calculation is going to perform on a computer they need to specify both the level of theory for example DFT together with the chosen exchange correlation function and also the employed basis set. All these level of theory level of theory used like DFT exchange correlation function and basis set define completely the employed level of theory. Commonly two classes of basis set can be can be identified. They localize basis set such as the atom centered Gaussian function functions very suitable to describe the wave function of localized objects like molecules and non-local basis sets such as plane waves which were originally employed to describe the wave functions of condensed matter or state systems. Both types of basis sets have advantages and disadvantages. In the slide I listed some of them but I do not want to enter now in more details. Really the code that we use in the tutorial CP2K implement also a more sophisticated approach which combines both classes. This is the so-called hybrid or dual Gaussian and plane wave method in short GPW. The method uses an atom centered Gaussian type basis to describe the wave functions the phi i's but also an auxiliary plane wave basis to describe the density. Note that using a plane wave basis set for charge density means using grids in real space to represent the charge density. In fact by a mathematical operation called Fourier transform that computation can be performed in a very efficient way on a grid with an algorithm called fast Fourier transform one can pass from the representation on the real space grid to the representation on the reciprocal space that is the G space of the plane waves. Here you can see how the plane waves are defined and what G represent. Let's say finer grids that is with smaller cells correspond to larger cut-offs in the reciprocal space larger grids in the reciprocal space. What is the advantage of this dual representation that is a localized basis set for the wave function and no local basis set for the density? The advantage is mainly on performance or better on scaling. In fact with the density represented on a sum of plane waves or which is the same on a regular grid the efficiency of the fast Fourier transform algorithm can be exploited to obtain the long range energy terms that we will see in a short in a time that scales linearly with the system size. These things is very important because one of the major bottlenecks of standard Gaussian based calculations the typical calculation that are done in quantum chemistry approaches. In the second part of this lesson I will come back with more details. As you will see in the tutorial in order to set up a calculation in CP2K that uses the GPW of approaches you will have to provide information on both the Gaussian type orbitals and the plane wave basis set that you want to use. Now the largest system investigated so far via full quantum mechanical approaches that is by describing the entire molecular system through quantum mechanics include less than 10,000 atoms and very probably are investigated only with density functional theory. In contrast typical sizes of biological system are much larger than 10,000 atoms. Therefore investigating interesting biological system at full quantum mechanical level is beyond the current state of the hardware and software technologies. But as we have seen at the beginning there are cases where a quantum mechanical resolution is required also for large biological systems. This implies that for these cases at present the only viable way is to resort to multi-scale approaches as for example the hybrid quantum mechanical quantum mechanical molecular mechanical one. In fact in the biological system the region where the electronic description is necessary is usually a spatial limited area of the system for example the region where the chemical reaction takes place and this feature makes a QMM approach very suitable for this system is because in the QMM approach the system is fictitiously fictitiously separated into parts that are described at different levels of theory. A smaller part the QM or quantum part usually the chemical active region or in general the region where the electronics degrees of freedom are important that is thrift a quantum level by computational demanding electronic structure methods for example density function. And the rest of the system which contains the items that for example do not directly participate in the reaction. This part is instead described efficiently at a lower level of theory usually by classical force field. This part is referred as the M.M. or classical part. A QMM interface is the part of the code or a standard code that comples the couples in a coherent way the two different resolutions. Okay, we have reached the end of the first part of the lesson. In the second part we will go more in depth on how the coupling between the quantum and the classical regions can be done. And we will describe different QMM approaches including the one implemented in CP2K code that we will see in the tutorial.


when the narcissist isolates you, when they cause you to be alone, when they try to keep you away from other people. This is something you will see in most narcissistic relationships. Narcissists are very controlling. They want to determine your behaviour. They want to maintain influence and authority over you. They want to direct your behaviour at the course of events. And it is much easier for them to do that if you're alone. Even though you may not want to be alone, they will force you into this state of seclusion by using force or threats. They will deliberately and systematically isolate you. From the moment you first meet the narcissist, they are already planning how they are going to take you away from other people. They might claim to have this connection to you. They might say that they love you. They might say that they want to spend every day with you. They might text you all day. They might always want to know who you're with or where you are. They will always want to spend more time with you until you have no time for yourself or anyone else. If you tried to spend time with a friend or family member, they will say negative things about them. They will devalue and degrade them to you. And if that doesn't work, they will say things about you to your friend or family member. They will do whatever it takes to tear you apart from anyone who might spend time with. So that they can have you all to themselves. They will say that they don't like or trust your friend or family member. And that they don't want to be around them. And that they don't think that you should be spending time with them.  They will complain anytime that you try to have people over your home. Because they just wanted to be you and them. You may not realise it at first. But at some point you begin to look around and realise that you have been isolated. Your location is constantly being monitored. Your movements are being restricted. You're not allowed to have any time to yourself. You're not allowed to go anywhere on your own. And it gets to the point where you no longer want to see anyone. You no longer want anyone to know about how you've been treated. Because you feel shame for letting it get this far. You blame yourself for being involved with someone who doesn't respect you. The isolation can drive you to exhaustion. You spend all of your time working trying to make enough money. Trying to keep the house clean. And if you're not doing that then you're constantly around the narcissist. Constantly catering to their needs. Never having any time for yourself to recover. It's like dealing with a badly behaved child that you're not allowed to discipline. You become isolated because you don't have time to do anything on your own. Because you're constantly running around after the narcissist. You're constantly anticipating their needs. Isolation is an essential and characteristic part of narcissistic abuse.  Even when you're around people you still feel isolated. Because you're not allowed to be yourself. You're not allowed to speak your truth. And that is why I created this channel. Because I know what it's like to feel alone. I know what it's like to feel isolated. I wanted to create this community as a place where people can be themselves. Where people can speak their truth without the fear of being criticised or judged. If you are being isolated you need someone to witness your pain. You need someone who understands what you are going through. And while this channel can be very beneficial to you I would recommend that you seek support from domestic abuse resources that are available in your area. And I am also available for one-on-one coaching sessions. You can email me at narxfathercoaching at gmail.com It is very important for you to speak to other people. To have another person's opinion rather than just letting the narcissist isolate you and tell you what's right and what's wrong. Thank you for watching. I hope this video runs out with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon for seed notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate my PayPal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries you can do with me at narxfathercoaching at gmail.com Thank you for watching and I will talk to you soon.


Thank you. I don't actually have a question. I wanted really to express some very special thanks because these ladies, these women who have spoken to us have shared their personal experiences and I know that's very difficult. So I would like to express my gratitude for all the sessions which feature on the IOM Council's agenda but particularly for this one because it's really touched us and I want to say how grateful we are for this particular session. We've heard some very interesting things said here today. I was very interested to hear from the individual of Chilean and Peruvian descent. That's very interesting for us and it will be very useful for our work. The gender issue is very important as well. We always hear that women are vulnerable as migrants but we'd also like to stress the achievements which they've made and the positions which they've risen to. So thank you very much for the panelist's work and thank you to the IOM. Thank you very much indeed for that intervention and we have another speaker over here. Thank you. My delegation subscribed to what was just said by Colombia. We share a great deal with Colombia particularly where migration is concerned. As Colombia was saying the statements which we've heard were fascinating indeed and I think this panel is one which has touched all of us here. I think it's very relevant to all of us. So thank you to the panelists. We've heard some very hard-hitting stories but these are the realities which bring us here to this room to see what we can do to improve the situation. We want to avoid the millions of migrants around the world from feeling alone. Some people have had very lengthy struggles which probably seemed as though they would never end but those struggles have in some cases ended. Others have struggles which don't end and who are probably now resting in peace in unknown tombs. But we have to think about the very many different situations which migrants face. We've been repeating over the course of this week's debate that we continue to condemn xenophobia and we enshrine that condemnation in our national policies and in our work at the international level particularly in our work towards the post 2015 agenda. We have a great deal of theories of course about all of this but we need to be practical too. We need to hone policies. We need to make sure that they're implemented by those responsible for implementation. One thing that Miss Mariebe mentioned was insults and very basic rights which should begin at school and so we know that the first challenge we face is one which relates to education. We need to ensure that the education system is as it should be. We think that through education we can prevent xenophobia from getting into the hands of power. Thank you. Thank you German. I'd like to espouse what's been said by my colleagues and thank the administration for having established this panel. I'd also like to thank the speakers this afternoon. I'm very pleased to see a women dominated panel that strengthens me in my feminist stance and undoubtedly bolsters parity, that parity which we seek. So thank you very much. We can see that this panel carries on the theme of other statements we've heard here at the council. We were very pleased to hear the words of Miss Samudio and Miss Mariebe in particular. I'd like to thank Sessim Kienge. My first meeting with her took place at the ministerial conference on the diaspora. She met with our minister and when I met with her, one question which I really wanted to ask her was please tell me your story but I wasn't able to ask her to do so because we were busy with other matters at the time. So thanks very much to the IRM for having invited Sessil and for having allowed us to hear her story. I'd also like to thank Miss Lee for her very significant statement. Even in my country that statement will be something which can inform our migration policy and we're currently trying to build in the needs of migrants and new cultures. So those experiences are very useful for us with that. In conclusion I do have a question for all the panelists and the question is do you feel that your status as women has complicated or simplified your experience as migrants? How has it done this and why? Thank you very much. Before we take the question, perhaps we should talk, I think these distinguished delegates of the democratic public of Congo, would you speak? Thank you moderator for giving me the floor. I'd like to thank the panelists for their very informative and useful statements. My question goes to Ms. Kienge, a member of the European Parliament. Madam Sessil, migration in Italy and in Europe is clearly having an influence on policies. Integration of foreign migrants is an issue which affects politics. You as a parliamentarian have also been active in a number of associations. You've also been involved in a number of meetings relating to migration and its consequences. Over the course of your battle and your parliamentary work, would you say that the image of migrants in general and African migrants in particular is changing, is improving and is public opinion becoming more understanding? Is a greater understanding of migration being achieved? We know that a great deal of meetings are held, events, but can we see that perceptions are beginning to change? Is the image of migrants beginning to change in your opinion? Thank you very much. Thank you for that question. It's a difficult question to answer in fact. I don't think the image of migrants as such has really changed. I'm having a number of difficulties in the parliament at the moment and that's why I'm creating a group against racism, against discrimination because immigration is to some extent still seen as something to be feared, as something which is linked to crime and migrants are often put into the same basket as criminals so I think we need social change. I'm not discouraged however. I think we need to put in a great deal of work on this and in my political group and in other political groups which share these ideas we have called for a line of work to take place for a change of approach to immigration because while ever immigration is seen as a danger, as a threat, it will be very difficult to set up policies which look to migrants needs and I think we need to work towards a common policy on behalf of the entire community. Now this is very difficult, we have directives, we have laws which are made by the parliament and applied to the entire community, but these directives and laws are not applied uniformly across all the 28 member states. This is a significant weakness because we need to try to apply what appears in the statutes of the European Union. Solidarity, joint responsibility that has to apply across the 28 member states. So this is a very significant line of work and it's a very sensitive area as well, we need to try and work on the image of migrants and on the language which is used to describe them. Now when I embarked upon my first term in Italy, I had a very simple motto, I'm not coloured, I'm black. That's a transparent language, we need to call us pay the spade, we need to say things how they are and we need to show respect for the people who stand before us. This is also a message which I've tried to transmit in your realm because as parliamentarians we need to begin seeing migrants as a source of wealth, as a resource rather than a problem. So we need to work a great deal on that and that's why I'm very much engaged in thinking about citizenship, that's still a priority in many countries. While other individuals can't forge a firm identity, firm idea of who they are, integration will be difficult but we're working on it. Thank you very much. We're approaching the end of the session before turning the floor to Italy to answer on the question on the status of women. I'd like to make a Robin Naked plug for the coming year we have a social media campaign which is designed to try and unpack the perception of migrants and try and get people to look at migrants with a more positive eye and I think the panelists here are a perfect reflection of that because they've succeeded in the countries and they are succeeding or have already succeeded in the countries that they are now living in. So for those of you who are not very aware of social media, I'm sure you have younger people you can ask about it, but the general idea is that we'll be looking for every country to produce a list of its migrant heroes. Who are the people from your country who are living abroad and making a serious contribution to human endeavors? We don't just want to know about football players but we want to know about proper contributors that you're proud of in your own right. So with that, I'll pass it over to you quickly. I'm just going to touch on what was mentioned there about the status of if the status of a woman is complicated or simplified things for me. You have to understand that the difference of how multiculturalism is being seen in Korea, it actually started with marriage migrants. As I have mentioned during my speech, most of the multicultural policies in Korea stem from policies for the family. So 80 percent of the marriage migrants in Korea are women, 80 plus percent are women.  So most of those who got the chance to be able to work on it, to be able to go out into the site and do something are women. So in short, my status as a woman in Korea actually simplified going to the top or breaking glass ceilings back in Korea. And I also would like to mention the thing about the education to battle xenophobia. I think it is really very important. It's actually one of the first laws, first bills that actually passed when I became a member of the assembly. Korea, as I've mentioned, has been proud of its heritage as being homogenous in a way. And textbooks are actually teaching children that you should be proud of being one in law. But now it's actually changing. And one of the bills that I passed is actually to have education, in understanding multi-culturalism for students in schools. So I think it's really very important for everyone, especially in Korea starting out, especially in countries starting out, trying to open a store for immigration to start in and to be able to educate children regarding what discrimination or prejudice is. We're approaching the end of the session, but I see two flags up. So shall I ask the distinguished representatives of Germany to please make an intervention? Thank Bill Williams, Swing and his staff for organizing such an interesting morning session on the post-2015 UN development agenda in this afternoon, having this very convincing presentation of migrants voices. My only remaining wish would be that you can present or we can present that kind of presentation to a wider audience. And maybe we can use the links of me to the television to make it broader. It would be my only plea. Thanks again to IOM for organizing this, thank you. Thank you very much. I'm sure that's hardly endorsed around the room today. Could we speak to hear from the distinguished delegate of Ethiopia, please? Thank you, Mr. Moderator. We are very happy with this panel, which is, we also join Arkodik from Germany by thanking IOM for this wonderful panel. We often talk about medical forms of discrimination, xenophobia, intolerance and racism faced by migrants. And this panel has brought about the different aspects of the discriminations which is faced by migrants and their families and which has faced the respective of their status. The experience of the panelists in their different government posts and the descendants of the migrants and the problems related with the integration is fascinating to listen to. It has also brought about the issues that are often neglected but needs to be addressed, which is the issues of families of migrants, especially the one touched by the last two panelists. I mean, I have two questions. The first one was what do you think needs to be done to ensure the integration of migrants and their families in the destination countries? Because I mean, if the elements that they touched upon though they have lived in the destination countries for years, there's the problems, the way I see in their integration and the way they are approached by the host communities and what needs to be done in your view? And do you think the manifestations of like racism, xenophobia, intolerance, and have they changed and gained new aspects, especially after listening to the comments from the panelists? She was talking about the questions that are forwarded to her, where she's from. It actually violates at her private space and then it kind of relates to racism. It was kind of interesting and then it actually made me to think whether the manifestations have changed and it has gained new dynamics just for you to comment on those things. Who would like to take the first part of that question? Yes, we have to note that in order to provide assistance to migrants in terms of integration in the host societies, we need to provide support for them. There are some countries who have policies with regard to housing, which does not include a point where they can meet the population, but rather the formation of ghettos where migrants live together and closing on themselves. So there needs to be good integration. There needs to be support from local institutions and instruments, which will provide information on all the rights of migrants in the country where the migrants are integrated. And this will ensure good integration, the possibility of having direct contact with the local population that enables people to know who are the new persons coming in to their country. Who are these new people that we're going to have to deal with? There is a lack in this regard and so the clichés continue. The delegate from Morocco asked a question which is also linked to this last question, the fact of being a woman. For me, this has complicated life for me because women always have the stereotypes that they have to deal with, especially women of African origin.  I was a doctor, I worked in hospitals before I entered political life. And the question which was always put to me was, but are you an African-American? Meaning it was less serious. So if I was black and African-American it was less serious than if I was black and African. So we have a long way to go. I was guilty because I was black, I was guilty because I was a woman and I was guilty because I was born abroad. And I was guilty because I dared to study. I dared to occupy a position of responsibility as a woman. I shouldn't do that. So that just overthrew all the taboos and really complicated my life. And this is why I still receive, I still am subject to attacks and insults. And this is why I can no longer walk around freely in Italy. This is what I'm saying. It's as a result of what I'm telling you about. When the country takes, becomes aware of this and develop programs to raise awareness about these stereotypes and cliches, then we can have good integration policies. I would also add that two weeks ago, I called the Minister of Integration in Belgium when he, after he made some racist remarks, I asked him to look at me, to look at the Congo and the, we need to look at the effect of colonization in schools. There are still books that talk about ethnic roots and stereotypes, which highlight differences and the fact that we're not the same. And if we really want to work on integration, we need to look at school programs. We need to start with that, look at communication programs. We also need to review our policies so that there is real mixing and integration among people. So this has really complicated my life, but it has made me stronger today. Thank you very much. Well, it's a good question, but I think that you were asking if the manifestation of xenophobia perhaps has changed and comes in different forms. I think yes, I think it's something that is very, has become perhaps more subtle. And I think it becomes sort of fine tuned to it. And for me, the resistance that I show perhaps in the beginning when I ask the endless questions is sort of a test, you know, because if they respond with sort of a hostile, offended way, then I know more what was the thought behind, you know. And if they accept, then this also tells me something. And I think what lies behind is maybe the story of what a Norwegian looks like, because I've compared notes with friends who also have migrant parents, but from European white countries. And we sort of see the difference, you know, in how they are matched and what kind of questions they are asked and how they are accepted. So yes, definitely, I think it's something fine tuned and I think it has something to do with what we defined as an Norwegian appearance or the appearance of a person from a certain country. I couldn't stress more about how pretty new the multi-ethnic multicultural phenomenon is in Korea as compared with other countries. And I think it's a very good position to actually see how other countries did before and to set up new ways or to set up new policies to be able to have a Korea, a multicultural Korea all on its own. One of the biggest things that I did even before I came to the assembly, even before joint politics is to better the perception of people about migrants. And as I met these people, I had a lot of xenophobic attacks, especially when I first started in politics. All of those people that has been cheering me on while I was on television or while I was in the movies, actually, in a sudden twist, in a sudden change of position, started to attack me xenophobically. So I think it is more of, at first we didn't understand maybe if it's just because I'm moving up the ladder or it's in a different thing. But most of the people that we met, which is very negative when it comes to foreigners or to foreign people, most of them, most of the hatred or most of the xenophobic attacks that they've been doing, stem more from having a negative experience with migrants. So before a lot of those negative experiences go on within the society, I think it's very important for people in Korea and for a lot of migrants in Korea to be able to be able to go out there and better the perception of the majority regarding migrants. Now, about the integration part, I think as of the moment, one of the best things that the Korean government is actually now doing is, yes, assisting and having policies. I think Korea has one of the best policies when it comes to supporting the migrant communities. But one thing that is very important is for the governments to actually support the migrant communities. There's a lot of communities within Korea, the Filipino communities, the Vietnamese communities, the Cambodian communities, and these communities actually have the experience and have been in Korea earlier. And a lot of them are actually very willing to help with the integration of the new people coming in, coming in within Korea. So it's very important for the government itself to be able to actually help these migrant communities, yes, the migrant communities itself. And there's one funny thing that I saw, and we were talking earlier about the Espora. I went to this village in Korea once, and I saw that all of the old people, Korean people in that village, were trying to learn Vietnamese. And I was wondering, why are you learning Vietnamese? Because they were saying, there's a lot, because there's a lot of marriage migrants here or migrant wives here who are from Vietnam. And I said, why is it that you are the ones learning Vietnamese when actually the Vietnamese women should be the one who is learning Koreans? They said, oh, well, we are thankful that they came to us. And then they actually made this village alive again. And I was asking the Vietnamese woman next door, how did you come here? Oh, I was, it was because someone recommended me or or recommended me to my husband. And who is that someone? Oh, she lives next door. And then I found out that within that village, we have a lot of Vietnamese women married to Korean men who was married to Korean men who came from one particular village in Vietnam too. So it's a connection. And within that village, we can see how strong and we can see how strong we can see how strong the connection between all of the people, the village itself and the local government unit itself, trying to help all of these migrant communities and all of these people and the migrant themselves are trying to actually help each other to integrate and to have a better life within Korea. Thank you very much. Riveting end to our discussion. So if there's no further interventions, I think we can bring this panel to a close. It's been a privilege to be here in the minority position and to feel what it's like to be at the other end of the spectrum when we've got such brilliant guests with us and such really terrific and brave people. So it's been an absolute honor to be among you today and thank you very much for listening and for contributing. Thank you.