Vicki Poole started supporting independent tech news directly today be like Vicki become a DTMS member at patreon.com DTNS This is the Daily Tech news for Tuesday June 25th 2019 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt and in Finland I'm Patrick Deja and I'm the show's producer Roger chain Sarah Lane is on assignment. That means someone gave her an assignment and it wasn't us so she couldn't show today But she will be back on Thursday. She'll be out tomorrow as well But we have lots of thoughts lots of legal stuff FedEx suing the u.s. government Australian judge saying you can sue people for letting other people post things on facebook We also have a solar car If you have a lot of euros that you can buy let's start with a few tech things you should know T-Mobile will launch its 5g service in Atlanta Cleveland Dallas, Las Vegas, Los Angeles and New York City June 28th I should say part of those cities June 28th for use with a samsung galaxy s10 5g The s10 5g however only supports the millimeter wave spectrum. That's what this 5g service uses However, the s10 5g will not be compatible with yet to be implemented 5g service from t-mobile on future low and mid band Frequency so not future compatible Google is accepting applications from g-suit customers to better test the ability To mark non google files for offline access in google drive Testers can only access the files in chrome Telegram added new ways to add contacts in its app users can now add Nearby users from the contact screen provided the other user is in proximity and also has the same screen open And you can now open a chat with someone without having to know their phone number The app now supports location based group chats letting users create local groups that anyone in the area can join Interesting could this be used in protests in some places? I know telegram is very good with that crowd. Yeah US house financial services committee chairwoman maxine waters announced the committee will hold a hearing on facebook's project libra On june 17th the us senate banking committee previously announced a scheduled hearing on the cryptocurrency on july 16th did i say june i meant july it's both july 16th and 17th Libra's co-creator david marcus is expected to testify at both hearings And most of what he will say is calm down. We haven't built it yet. No, that's not our plan calm down We haven't built it yet. No, that's our plan for some variation on that Let's talk a little bit about what is going on between facebook and france Uh, uh, france's minister of digital affairs. Cedric. Oh, that's his actual last name. Oh It's one letter He's based south korean. I think one of his parents is south korean. Maybe that's why it is possible I have to admit. I didn't realize that part of his heritage Anyway, cedric. Oh said facebook has agreed to give judges Identification data for some french users suspected of hate speech facebook has previously given french judges identification information related to Violent and terrorist acts when french judges formally requested it facebook resisted handing over information Related to hate speech violations as it is not compelled to do so under u.s french legal conventions and worried Countries without an independent judiciary system would abuse that privilege Oh says facebook is only doing this for france Yeah, so this is interesting facebook willing to say all right in your case france We will go ahead and honor your laws even though we don't have to even though there's a treaty that protects us from having to do this And it's not something we do in other countries As long as you go out there and make sure everybody knows we're only doing this for france. Okay turkey china Well, there's no facebook in china, but hong kong, whatever. Uh, we're not doing this anywhere else Um, that's this they're calling this the first of its kind too. Do you do you think that's true as far as I know It's true It seems so I mean the the the identification information we're talking about is Probably ip addresses, uh, which allow police organizations to identify the people further maybe some additional information also As we mentioned it is it has been done before in cases of terrorist Acts, uh, which is I think understandable and most people in the audience. I'm guessing would agree with these kinds of Of disclosures It you have to remember In france hate speech is regulated pretty heavily It it is not quite on the level of terrorism But it is something that we take quite seriously and so the issues with Facebook's and other social networks Immunity for commenters who would Spew hate was very deeply felt Um, so I suspect this was something that was Worked on for a while by cedric. Oh and other officials Like, uh, the the former deputy prime minister of the uk is now in charge of this sort of stuff for facebook And apparently he and oh are the ones who hatched all of the details of this right um And you know, there are the things that facebook and the french government are doing like examining the algorithm and stuff like that, but um my point which i'm trying to to um show is I suspect uh Mainly american or maybe english or other uh nationalities listeners might think wow. This is one step too far Um Hate speech has taken very seriously around here and I suspect in germany. It might be the same thing as well Yeah, hate speech.  How do you decide what it is? That's not fair Uh, I don't think I think that's not the point here, uh, france as patrick just explained Is not new to regulating this kind of speech you may or may not agree with how they regulate it But that's the law in france and facebook is making an extra effort to comply with local law in a democracy Without and eroding the ability to not comply with laws They don't have to in places where they don't feel comfortable doing so I mean, it is an interesting president for other countries which might say well, you do it for france Why don't you do it for other uh for us? Um, but it's also important to note that In the case of france who decides what is hate speech judges It's the judiciary system that will tell facebook. We decide we have decided this comment is hate is hate speech Please tell us who said this so it's not facebook deciding themselves Right, it's it's the it's similar to getting a warrant is having a judge review this and say yes Okay, you're justified in asking for this identity. We'll let we'll let it happen Uh fedex has sued the u.s government monday saying it should not be held liable for inadvertently shipping products That violate u.s restrictions on chinese companies. Uh, this has happened twice and china's not happy about it fedex Returned an attempted shipment of a huawei p30 phone By a british journalist from pc mag who was just trying to send it to one of his colleagues in the united states Uh fedex says the denial of shipment was an operational error. Okay Uh, they got confused with the huawei name on the package even though it's not illegal for a british journalist to send His huawei phone to another british or another journalist in the u.s Uh a previous package destined for a huawei address in asia was misrouted an error by fedex to the united states That caused a lot of upset Feelings in china fedex fears it may because of these two instances be added to china's Entities list as a result. That's a list that china has created to say if these people are not following our laws You know if they're abusing Or unreliable in following our practices and procedures We'll block their operation fedex doesn't want to lose their operation in china china's foreign ministry has asked fedex for a full Explanation they haven't said anything about putting him on an entity's list and fedex's lawsuit says that export rules and i quote Essentially deputized fedex to police the contents of the millions of packages it ships daily Even though doing so is a virtually impossible task logistically economically and in many cases Legally so essentially fedex saying look we're getting in all kinds of trouble trying to apply your rules because we don't want to be held liable We need to sue the u.s. Government to Determine that we wouldn't be liable if we make mistakes so that we don't have to keep getting into these problems This is really interesting in itself If you allow me to go there already. I think it's even more interesting when you compare this um policy applied to physical goods to the kind of policies some people would like facebook to apply to Digital content of course, it's not the same because as roger mentioned before we started the show It's not physical things when you're talking about comments on facebook but When you read the virtually impossible task logistically economically and in many cases legally Yeah, I think it applies and I think a lot of people will look at this and say well. Yes, of course facebook Sorry fedex can't be expected to do all this and then you talk about facebook and they're like Raw, but face computers. Yeah, exactly. Uh, yes We can imagine opening boxes and checking manifests is a lot more difficult But but in fact the the number of posts on a social network Uh Way outscales the number of packages to the point that it's probably an equally difficult problem So you have fedex and facebook complaining in the same way Uh about how to get that job done We're not letting either one of them off the hook when we say that it's just a very interesting comparison, right? Similarly an australian judge has given dill and voller the right to sue media companies over facebook comments written by Readers about him. Let's try to follow me here. Voler Uh had a video shown on the australian broadcasting corporations four corners program in july 2016 of him being mistreated in prison However, voler has been in and out of juvenile detention. Uh, you know, it doesn't have the squeakiest clean background So there have obviously been other stories about him and voler is now suing news corp Fairfax media, which is now nine and sky news australia for defamation the reason is because users of facebook made false and possibly defamatory comments on stories about voler that these news agencies published on facebook So they publish a story a user goes to their facebook page writes a comment And voler is holding the media company responsible for what the user posted now follow the logic here Just as steven rothman found that the media companies could be considered the publishers of the comments in a legal sense as the companies could Delay reader comments and monitor if they were defamatory before releasing them to the public now facebook doesn't have a delay function But there was testimony from a social media expert named ryan shelly That you could put a filter of the 100 most common english words on your posts And that would hide them so that you could review them before Unhiding them justice rothman also said the use of facebook pages is not about freedom of speech Because a facebook page is meant to promote commercial interests So the case now moves to an actual defamation trial This was just whether voler had the right to sue the media companies were saying no, he doesn't even have standing to sue We didn't publish the comments But the media companies can also appeal justice rothman's decision, which I expect they will Yeah, it's a weird one. I understand the logic of the decision except for the part that it all hinges on the Possibility for these companies to hack together the moderation Filter that seems very unwieldy Um I think I could see these uh companies Treated as using this for commercial interest. So it's not so much a a need for information issue Uh, and then they Have the possibility of moderating these comments, which they do That you don't need to go through that hacking thing But justice rothman's decision Hinged on the fact that they could have delayed publication because the media companies were saying well shoot You're putting us in the position of having to judge what's defamatory or not from what other people are saying And and that would mean going and reviewing all these and rothman said well, you could just delay him from being posted So you only post the ones you're sure about Right, but they and that requires a hack which is a part of facebook system Which other social media experts said yeah, that's not really that effective Right, but I I I mean They would need to go and review them whether it is before or after Uh, the their publication maybe legally it has a ton of importance and that dictated uh, justice rothman's decision But from my point of view if they go in and and review them and delete some of them or hide some of them They still kind of could be considered to be acting as publishers for those comments Because so I can see how that yeah, yeah, exactly. So I can see how he would come to that decision. I think that moderation thing is is a little bit of a weird part of the whole Conversation, but but I think he needed it. Uh, if I if I mean he needed it because Uh, without that then it's more like facebook. It's more like a safe harbor situation So he had to show oh, but you could have stopped them, right? Because because with defamation if you moderate after the fact you're still liable for the time that it was up I suppose but I guess it could have been Said that they made a good faith effort to go and moderate them as quickly as they could or it It just seems to me like he's he needed that Legal argument crotch to make his ruling, but that's just my interpretation regardless Um, they are being judged now. They are being sued on Comments that they didn't themselves Post and that's I think the most interesting part of this story and it opens the door for Publications on a facebook page which they manage to be responsible for what other people say in comments in general And I think that is an interesting shift in where we put their responsibility For defamatory or otherwise, you know, potentially illegal comments Usually I think we would have said well, it's facebook's responsibility now. We're talking about the Administrator of the page. Oh, yeah, facebook has safe harbor. They're like, we're not responsible for what people post on our platform Otherwise, we can't exist as a platform. We will try to moderate it, but we're not responsible for it Yeah, but you know how how much people want them to moderate and twitter Yes, but legally they still have shelter to say we can't be sued for what somebody else said, right? Right, right? That that is quintessential. That's that's quintessential to facebook being able to operate Even if they make good faith efforts to moderate So you do you do need to have that safe harbor for this platform to exist at all But what this justice is saying is in the case of somebody operating on facebook now they're acting Like it's a letter to the editor kind of situation Yeah All right, tell us about linkedin Axios report axios axiom. I'm not never sure how to read this one. Maybe it's one of the three musketeers Um, they report that linkedin will announce changes to its feed algorithm made over the last 12 months that services Professional content according to sources one change involves elevating a post close to a user's interests That needs engagement rather than promoting a post already going viral interesting one. Yeah, uh, there's also More likely to generate Elevating content more likely to generate comments and reactions based on shared niche interests or proximity of network connection The algorithm will also prioritize posts using mentions or hashtags to draw people in This is this is interesting Because it's linkedin saying gosh just making everybody click and go viral Isn't good user experience and we just came to that conclusion on our own There wasn't a big outrage against linkedin For this sort of stuff because they're they're a different situation. They're a different content platform I'm not saying that this is you know the kind of result that could be applied to every other social network out there But I thought it was significant that a social network came to this conclusion on its own Yeah, it's definitely an interesting uh an interesting one It might be as you said that this is very specific to linkedin and that it would work for them And maybe not for others, but it feels like the um the the common wisdom about algorithm and surfacing Um content you would be interested in was well, we push the thing that is getting reactions already and the snowball effect is unavoidable What they're saying is Actually, if we push content to you that you specifically are interested in even if they aren't things that have been getting a lot of Engagement, then you might have a better experience. Maybe that's something that could be Looked at maybe they're already looking at it, but looked at by you know the likes of twitter and facebook That could be a different approach. Yeah All right back in 2013 2015 and 2017 students from einhoven university of technology in the netherlands won the cruiser class races in the world Solar challenge in australia with their stella series of solar racing family cars That's a class of car in europe doesn't mean families were in the cars while they were racing them Some of those students started a company called light year in 2017 to make a consumer solar car and the first prototype The five-seater light year one has been unveiled with plans to deliver to customers in 2021 The car's roof has five square meters of solar panels that charge the battery up to 12 kilometers of range per hour It doesn't sound like a lot, but hold on the battery can go 725 kilometers. It's about 450 miles on a full charge So it's got big range the tesla model s has a range of 370 miles And the light year one also supports other regular plug-in charging 60 kilowatt of fast hour That could add 507 kilometers of range per hour So you don't have to rely on the solar panels to charge that's supplementary Pre-orders are available now. You have to put a deposit down of 119 000 euros not cheap The expected starting price is 149 000 euros The first hundred orders have already been reserved You can reserve future blocks, but you don't know when they're going to ship first hundred are expected to ship in 2021 This is definitely a prototype. This is definitely the first attempt at this. It's way too expensive They aren't making a lot of them But the idea that you know, uh, I drive to work I park the car in the parking lot and I don't have to plug it in because over my eight hour work day 12 kilometers of range per hour is enough to charge me back up to full and let me get home It's a really interesting, um Approach and it seems like it would make sense, but I've also read a lot of Not contradictory opinions, but supplemental opinions about does it really make sense? It seems like if you don't have charging stations Everywhere it is indeed a nice bonus But for example the idea that putting solar panels on your roof if you happen to be living in a place where you can do that, of course Not only allows you to charge that car In the the evening in the night, but also provides electricity for your house So that is something to take into consideration It's it's Still an interesting approach We recently had to buy a car because my wife is We live far away from Helsinki. She's driving there a few times a week We wanted to hybrid and turned out hybrids are not great for a long Highway trips. So that didn't really make sense um, really but Yeah, it's they they were like a kind of hybrids that we can yeah gas and plug in hybrid Gas and electric not plug in because I have a hybrid from 2002 and I use it for long range trips all the time But that's it. Okay. Well, I mean it works But you lose the advantage of the hybrid because the battery is tiny So it works a lot better in cities at least the ones we were looking at. Okay. All right And and this one could be interesting also because of the the fact that the range can be Uh so good is Great in cold countries because you lose Maybe a quarter or maybe more of the range in cold countries because the temperature affect the batteries Right. Um, and in that sense the fact that you can recharge it With the the solar panels helps Potentially a lot I'm guessing unless it's the part of the year where you don't have the sun coming up Well, you still have a little bit of sun. It's not, uh, it's not, you know, but The opposite part of it is that the other part of the year you have a lot of sun So it can actually recharge during the night without you plugging it in Yeah, I mean the I feel like this is a lot a lot of ways a proof of concept right 12 12 kilometers of range per hour. I don't think it's nothing I think there are some scenarios where that is practical But it is certainly not necessary like you said, uh, but it's kind of showing. Hey, this is what we can do now Imagine if we keep going and improving, uh, what we might be able to add to this Also, there's some some really interesting efficiencies in the way they built the car roger that I know you noticed Uh, well, I mean this car was designed At least based on the kind of the early specs that we we can see It's really designed for maximizing the amount of, uh, power you can get not just the power but The the length of time. I mean they they give a stated of a zero to 100 kilometers Roughly about 10 seconds which is about zero to 60 in 10 seconds. Not very fast Not even for like another economy car is pretty slow Um, they use in hub or in wheel motors, which means that the motors for the car are actually in the wheels where the tires Are and that has some benefits and that you can rid yourself of all the mechanical complexity of having a drive shaft and Constantly velocity joints and a bunch of stuff you keep the suspension more simple The offset is that it makes to ride a little more Um uncomfortable because you're adding unsprung weight to the tires So it's definitely a bunch of trade-offs But I mean if they can get it to a decent mileage and get the price lower It definitely could be seen as a Definitely seen as a viable car although I will stress at this point in time seems more like a niche car Than an actual like I'm going to replace my everyday commuter car Yeah, I'm not spending 149 two thousand euros to replace my and that's That's part of the of the issue isn't it because they have to build it so light that it seems it would drive the price up They have to drive it light to make it light because of the Issues with batteries and and autonomy Um So will they be able to bring the price down? Enough if those constraints are also there. I I don't know. It seems like It might be possible, but a much simpler solution Would probably be to have cars That have better batteries and it seems like the technology is progressing slowly But we're kind of getting there. Um, I don't know it's I wish it would work It seems a little bit gimmicky and too much, you know I wouldn't go so far as calling gimmicky myself, but it is definitely niche And it is not It is not the solution like you say Yeah, I mean you nailed it the better battery tech is what needs to happen to make this accessible to everyone and cheaper Uh without having to you know spend 149 thousand euros so that you can make the car light enough that it gets enough range that This matters, but or better Or a better solar panel tech, you know if that gives you More Yeah, yeah, for sure. And maybe that's where they're going with this is like this is the first round We'll see Hey folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes Be sure to subscribe to daily tech headlines dot com big Thanks to everyone who participates in our subreddit You can submit stories and vote on them at daily tech news show dot reddit dot com and Join in our facebook group facebook.com slash groups slash daily tech news show before we get out of here today Patrick you've been playing around with the ipad os beta now that it's out for everybody. What do you think so far? Um, it's it's pretty cool. Um, there are some good things and there are also some things I am not yet convinced of First off, uh, I'm not gonna fault it for crashing. It does crash quite a bit, but um, obviously it's still a beta so That doesn't factor into my considerations, um The the thing that's the most impressive is actually the pencil. I don't use it a lot But it's a gen one pencil And I could feel a little bit of latency in the previous version with this one Honestly, it's like drawing literally on paper. I don't Feel the latency at all and this gen one is slower than gen two with the new iPads, so I'm guessing it's it's mind-blowing on or maybe it's just the same because I don't feel the latency anyway now um, and uh So that's a really cool one a surprising thing is the memo g's are actually pretty fun And the stickers that put them in different positions and essentially they make They make emoji Positions and faces out of your memo g and that's quite fun very personalized. It kind of Solved the issue of having different types and you know inclusiveness and all of that Well, it doesn't matter. You have your own and you can make whatever you want with it. So that's pretty cool um, one thing which I'm a little bit Unsatisfied with is the multitasking works pretty well, but the gestures, you know, copy cut and paste When you have you want to use it.  So I might get used to it, but for now, it's a little bit finicky Um, and also the swipe keyboard doesn't work on the full keyboard It feels like it works when you you make it tiny, which is great But I haven't I don't think I've managed to make it work on the small on the big one Maybe that's a bug or maybe I don't know how to do it. Yeah, but overall pretty cool Not as it as awesome as I hoped it would be though well, uh Once once the the corks are worked out, uh, we want to hear if you've replaced your laptop with it Let let us know. Uh, I can answer now. I haven't not yet All right, let's Let's check out the bail bag t filling them in discord Uh t l filling them in discord said I laughed a week or so ago when no one could think of a good use for the 292 inch samsung display as soon as I heard it. I immediately said that's a video wall Think of every power plant control room you've ever seen in a movie These days many utilities use large screen installations for situational awareness where everyone in the room can see if something's going wrong These routinely run hundreds of thousands of dollars The 100,000 hour rating is roughly 11 years of continuous use That's a little low for these things, but hopefully that will improve And then alan from the cornfields of southern illinois near to my home Says rarely do I get to share my podcast with my wife, but she's a 30-plus year stylist And I wanted her take the basic supplies hair dye foil and such would be a real boon Easy to make a list and just order of course We're talking about amazon getting into direct to business hair supplies stylus supplies barber supplies The fads i.e. shampoos conditioner and such they get from suppliers might be a little more problematic Stylists make their living on chemicals not on haircuts and styles that being said my wife and the rest of the shop Are flocking to amazon She wanted me to mention that we are rural and 30 minutes away from a crappy beauty supply store And an hour away from a less crappy beauty supply store. This is a big deal for her Thank you alan and thank you patrick beija. What you got going on to tell people about today? I guess a couple of things first if you speak french, um, and you want to listen to a french Explanation of libra and you haven't had enough We did a full report with a couple of experts or yellow hayon and uh fabrice croiseau On le rendezvous tech so go check that out if you're interested if you're into video games pixels just came out a few days ago Um yesterday actually and we talk about e3 and a bunch of things that happened there If you can't wait for mvgb, which is coming soon. Uh, go check out pixels. It's also show and that one is in english so Folks if you want to help keep us independent you need to back us on patreon We give you some perks for it. Uh our commercial free rss feed all kinds of stuff Our goal every month is to get one more patron than last month and here we are Six days five days away from the end of the month Uh, and we need 14 patrons to push us over So if you've been out there on the fence or maybe you left us for a while and you're like, uh, you know what? Maybe I should come back now's the time a dollar a month That's a nickel a day if you can afford a nickel a day to help us out It'll help us get to our goal at patreon.com slash dtns Our email address is feedback at daily tech news show dot com We're live monday through friday 4 30 p.m. Eastern 2030 utc You can find out more about that at daily tech news show dot com slash live back tomorrow with scott johnson. Talk to you then Bye The club hopes you have enjoyed this bro


The offense was an issue as well. Why do you think the bats went quiet this afternoon? Yeah, I mean, those guys did a good job of getting ahead of us, making good pitches with two strikes. And we weren't able to string anything together. I think that I'm just one of those days where they got the best of us. And obviously once they really were able to extend the lead like that, the game out of reach, just, you know, I think we just kind of unfortunately threw away some of that bass there at the end of the game that maybe you wouldn't have made a difference. in the game and the outcome, but something that we all collectively need to do better at. Game aside, you guys still did win the series. The Joey Gallo trade became official right before the game. Just what was your reaction to that?  And it's an exciting time of the year. And he's the guy that, you know, is obviously going to come in here and we plan to, you know, obviously have a lot of fun with him and think he's the guy that can make a big difference on both sides of the ball. So excited to get him in here and get him to be part of the guys and feel comfortable and watch him play. We can take the next question from Ken Davidoff. Hey, Brett, how do you anticipate your playing time being impacted by the Gallo trade? Well, I'm not sure. I mean, I really don't have any expectations or anticipate anything. I mean, show up to work tomorrow and be ready to go, whether that means I'm playing left or center or on the bench or whatever it is, whatever my role may be. So, you know, we'll see how things shake out, moving forward, but, you know, just continue to work on the things that I need to work on. You ever spoke with Aaron or anyone else about it? No. Thanks. And then next to Marley Rivera. Hi, Brett. Obviously you've been with the Yankees for a very long time and there's been, right now you guys haven't been able to really sweep series or just kind of close out these kinds of series, particularly one as important as this one. What do you think that is? I'm not sure. I mean, obviously it's hard to win a series on the road and much less sweep. And it seems like for the last two years, especially, it's been tough to come down here and win one game, much less two or three. So, you know, I mean, we just came out kind of flat today. You know, obviously the first inning, they had a big first inning and pulled out to a four-round lead. And then obviously the beginning that we talked about. But, you know, offensively, we just got to do better. We've got to do a better job of grinding out at bats and hitting with owners at scoring position and guys on base.  But, you know, obviously happy about winning the series. But, you know, at the point where we are at in the season, like you said, sometimes winning the series isn't enough. So I'm just going to treat each day with the utmost importance and continue to do that


Yeah. But yeah, were there any talks about, you know, the batch HPS also in the normal, like in the rest of the days or was it only in the co-locate? Because we might have, yeah, we might have went to those. There was quite a few that we attended, given, yeah, our interest. But I wasn't sure if you listed those because I kind of was trying to look into my schedule and see what was, what did I pinned exactly? But I can't find my schedule. Right. So yeah, I know that during the event there was quite a few, like a few related to GPO, like the guy from Google was saying some stuff to optimize Google. I think there was another from Vulkan or above Vulkan. Don't buy, I can't remember the vendor now. There was few others, but like me, for example, I focus more on Kubernetes itself, not necessarily only on the batch. So one of my observation and main team in KubeCon for the remaining days was EBPF. So as a way of improving one performance, getting more observability and more control on your network layer in Kubernetes. So there was a, we spoke to like few vendors on the booth, like Calico and Celium, both very interesting. That's something we're going to probably try soon or soonish in GR as well to play a bit more with EBPF. Other interesting, quite a bit around automation and practices, like people, you can see clearly that like ArgoCD is getting more mature. So I went to a talk where the, how it's called, let's say vendors, but the team responsible for owning ArgoCD or talking how to extend it, what they plan, the rope up and stuff like that. That was quite cool. Yeah, I actually mentioned the batch in HPC Day, but there was also GitOpsCon as a co-located before the conference, and then a ton of talks about GitOps as well during the conference, both for Argo and Flux. Yeah, but maybe we can, like if you find the links in the sketch, maybe drop them in the chat. I just keep recording so we should be able to then find the chat and collect them again. Again, it was as well like, it was my first KubeCon and I was surprised by a number of people attending. There was like 7,000 or so people on the site, and sometimes it was quite challenging to get into the room if you're not early enough into the room, especially if the particular talk was like super interesting and getting a lot of traction. It was like, if you are not 15 minutes earlier in the room, you're not getting in. Luckily, there was a way of watching them virtually, so that was quite cool. There is one talk I haven't watched even yet where I think it was Mercedes-Benz explaining how they migrate 700 or 7,000 cluster from Terraform and other infrastructure to using cluster API. So that's quite a few lessons there. And I think that was another observation, like Kubernetes become more and more a framework to doing stuff like that. There is quite a few talks around cross-plane, so cross-plane as a way of managing infrastructure other than just pure Kubernetes stuff using Kubernetes and Kubernetes reconciliation loop to enforce the state and stuff like that. That was quite cool as well. Few post-mortems as well, so few talks about post-mortems, so if you're running Kubernetes for a scale for people, so that was as well quite interesting seeing how I think it was Datadoc, so Datadoc running into the issue and spending like few months investigating stuff on their Amazon infrastructure. Yeah, is that the DNS one? Yes, that was a good talk. And I'm pasting the links here in the chat as you speak. Cool. Yeah, we have some joining us. A small screen. Yeah, three of us at the same time. Cool. Yeah, so there was as well quite a lot of talks like casual talks happening during the lunch to various people and then again to vendors. So one of the vendor we're kind of using is the one behind OPA. I don't know whether any of you is using OPA, OPA is a way of defining a policy. So before going to KubeCon we faced a few issues where we tried to restrict some stuff, so we started discussing with them and so on. So that was again quite a nice thing, side thing in KubeCon. Nice. All right. Anything else? Okay, so I tried to collect a few talks and put it in the chat, but feel free to add if I missed some. Yeah, I think I actually been to the one, the improving GPU utilizations. Yes, I was there, I think, was it from Google? Yes, that was quite interesting. But it kind of was a let down that they didn't actually talk about the implementation details, but it was quite interesting about how the theoretical side of things. We also try and grab something else out because I need to find my SCAT from Kenya. There was one, I feel one of the attendants was, the one that I attended that was quite interesting was network hours scheduling, although it did look like something that would require quite a lot of time before it can be implemented on production cluster. Let me see if I can find it. It's a good start. Oh, yeah, we just, so this one was quite interesting. But you're just not listening to them. Yeah, we're talking to them. Yeah, the another interesting one was fmr containers. So I'm not sure whether you are aware about fmr containers. That's a new thing in KubeCon at is 123 and I think it's going to be even more mature in the future. The idea is when you need to troubleshoot a problem with your port or with your application inside the container, rather than using kubectl exec, which many people do, you'd run the command kubectl debug. The difference is exec move you kind of like almost as a site into the container, your troubleshooting. But with debug, it's been additional site container. So we can define that you have completely different set of tools in that site containers. And by being a site container, they share the same namespace, Linux namespaces, not Kubernetes namespaces. So by doing that, you have the access to the same network namespace and so on. And you can use ns enter, so namespace enter to even get access to pit namespace and a few other Linux namespaces. And that was quite cool because it allows you to have a very minimalistic image. You can use probably distro less and start building more tools and buy that into site containers. And the site container once you finish executing your kubectl debug command is gone. So you don't need to worry about having the site card constantly running. So we actually do use that term. It became beta in 123, but it was alpha before, so you couldn't enable it in the clusters. And we were enabling it. And what we do is we keep one image that has all the debugging tools we need for networking, everything, file systems, whatever. And we use that image to debug and attach using informal containers when we debug stuff. I put the links there as well. Through my sketch. Oh, another one interesting, kind of interesting, depending on what you do is about kubectl. So kubectl, again, you use Kubernetes to manage your VMs simply. But they added quite a few additional features like live migration and so on. So that's another product which is becoming more and more mature. And in the future, probably it could be a way to, rather than directly using, I don't know, open stack to spin your VM, you can use kubectl to control and do VM migration and other stuff. Yeah. So kubectl, that is a framework again. Yeah, there was a few talks as well about horizontal port autoscaler using KEDA as well for that. Yeah, the talk wasn't bad. I think there was a project called Pixi, or I think Pixi. Pixi had to capture the traffic, right? The being able to actually reproduce it. Yeah, that's a good point. There was an interesting talk about, you can remember the title, I will find, about different approach to doing a load test or in general a test, because let's say you run a web application on your Kubernetes. It's a web service. So you, to deploy a new version of that web service, you can do a few approaches. One you have, let's say staging cluster or something like that. You deploy there and maybe test somehow, like write some integration tests. Another one is having like canary approach. So like blue-green, where you redirect a bit of traffic to your new version. That's what people quite often do with services mesh like Linkerd and stuff like that. But the talk was that the problem with that approach is you're not necessarily has consistent inputs going to that web service. Let's say if you're doing the change in middle of night, you don't have the same traffic or the same number of users. So you don't really know that whether the way you're promoting your new application is working at all or not. So the idea is, I think it's still using eBPF as well to capture the traffic. So in other eBPF related is to kind of tap, like start tapping the traffic and record that traffic. Once you have the traffic kind of recorded, you can reapply that later on anytime and it's going to have the same volume and so on. So you can deploy your web service in without impacting a user. You run recorded traffic and if the behavior is not different than before you're changed, then probably you are good and you can try A, B release on that point or canary release. That was quite a good talk. I will try to find out the name of the talk. I just pasted it there. It should be the last link in that. Yeah, the one, the reproducing issue in your CI pipeline. That's the one. Yeah, I still have the schedule in my head somehow. I didn't watch them but I remember the title. Yeah, it was very good to be honest. Yeah, it was a, according to team of eBPF this year. It's quite interesting. I remember hearing about eBPF quite a few times in the past but this one really was, yeah, you can see already that the tooling is getting more mature or at least more known around the community. In fact, there was other talk. I think this is also quite relevant to the scheduling part which is about bandwidth management using eBPF again. Let me just paste a link here. Yeah, it's definitely the the the conference of the eBPF. Yeah, I think it was something that we could see coming already for a while now. But yeah, this one was definitely the confirmation that's going to get bigger from now on. In fact, the one from bad management was quite interesting because it was starting to, yeah, they were adding this physical possibility of adding into your basically deployment. The also the resources around how much bandwidth you want to allocate to a specific well pod and that's quite interesting as that it's only possible through the way eBPF works and how you can get those kind of informations out of the kernel. Yeah, I mean, again, very cool. I'll paste the link there. Right now I do have, oh yeah, there was, sorry, I was looking at the information here. There was something that we're talking about where they were also mentioning how with this new approach you could also have higher speed of communications. Let me just look at this. The scalability limits of token bucket filter by the bandwidth plugin, at least departure time. Yeah, combined with eBPF. Yeah, something about being quite cool, both in bandwidth management and getting more speed out of what's available. So what looking at with eBPF is with Cillium to do sort of like cluster mesh or not only like a service mesh but really multiple clusters to be meshed together at the pod level even and you can easily do load balancing across clusters without having to rely on services, which for the batch use case is actually quite interesting because we don't want to have the like we don't really care about the service abstraction. We just care about the workloads and that this is something we started prototyping which is to mesh multiple clusters and be able to schedule across them from a single plane basically. So that's interesting because when I chatted with them about scheduling across multiple clusters I thought that their response was oh no this is really only meshing the networks together so that pods can speak to other pods in other networks in other clusters but the scheduling of them you'll still need to do somewhere else. Right. Okay. Yeah, but it allows you to like even if you have if you want to distribute the workloads across clusters you can rely on having like some services running internally in one cluster without having to replicate them everywhere for example and you could have this workload clusters that are really disposable while you have the service clusters in the same mesh or the service component clusters in the same mesh. So we've been playing with this also but actually with some tricks you can actually schedule across clusters as well. This is something we've been playing with but maybe for another time. Yeah I'd love to hear that and also whether you're seeing reasonable performance for you know often you want jobs to be co-located so that the network speed is fast enough for them to talk to each other but yeah anyway that would be interesting to talk about maybe next time. The big thing we've seen is that you still need like node to node connectivity like layer 3 connectivity between all nodes across all clusters which yeah it kind of makes sense but it's not like a gateway or anything you need like full mesh between nodes as well. I think something like that was mentioned in the data doc talk about DNS where they try that they are using the celium exactly to do a pod to pod routing possible across multiple cluster. I'm not sure whether across multiple different cloud providers maybe they achieve even that. But there you need some sort of like VPN connectivity I guess because you need to expose all nodes to all nodes so this is this is our dream which is to burst using a mesh like this but it's actually trickier than it could be I guess. If you look at other things for service connectivity they use gateways here it's really like a full mesh between all nodes at least my understanding up to now but it is promising sounds amazing but it's actually something maybe maybe we should bring them to present celium and eBPF to the group. That would be cool yeah. We're getting Liz to come to CERN in two weeks so maybe she can also do a talk the same talk at group. Let's put it for the list here. They're definitely bringing a lot of more interested parties into this research group. You mentioned the gateway I think the another talk was about gateway API so it is going from beta to GA. It was quite good talk as well. I can take the link out actually because I'm having my schedule I think. I'll put here for I'll put it for the next one the topic for celium and eBPF but maybe we could then see. I'm just placing the gateway API link as well. It's nice yeah. The other stuff I had here in the summary is just I saw that references to batch workloads not only in the talks but also in the keynotes so in the TOC update it was mentioned that there was the new group formed as part of the tag runtime and then also in the Kubernetes updates the batch working group in six scheduling and then like the keynotes also from CERN we mentioned the use cases and there were other mentions. You mean the one that you gave? Yeah. Yeah so bonus you're like oh the one from CERN I don't I don't know who those people are. No yeah yeah yeah so no but definitely it wasn't a coincidence like I thought. Yeah yeah yeah and also in the other ones like this has been appearing a bit everywhere but I think there was it was clear that from the references constantly in different keynotes slowly building momentum and when we see the other activities as well and then yeah so and then there was one session dedicated to the Kubernetes working group batch that will also be the video uploaded so Aldo gave an overview of the work that has been going on already and and the plans and there was not a lot of different people speaking but there were I talked to a few and it seemed like there were both developers and also end users interested in using these tools so that that was quite nice and just really really quickly so they summarize the motivation I think we all know about it here but they also mentioned that their goal is to it's three main tasks one is to update the job API to allow new types of workloads that are not just the typical batch job as defined by Kubernetes up to now then things like queuing and advanced scheduling and then I think the interesting part that there was a nice talk in the co-located event about was the optimized scheduling on the node itself to make sure that the nomad apologies are set properly so that you get full performance and you're not losing like 20 or 30 percent of your capacity because of it so I think it was a nice I think Alex you were there as well right yep I was there very jet lagged but yes I was there it was good I would just reiterate the the number the amount of batch scheduling related talks that the batch day and Aldo talk and then I was on the panel a day later and then you spoke in the keynote and it was we weren't quite at ebpf status but batch was was rising in the ranks of conversation it's good no and I'll pitch one more talk which was from some other CERN colleagues and they they gave a talk later I think Thursday I don't think the video is uploaded yet but basically what they've done like we have this large grid computing environment and they've been playing with getting Kubernetes being a grid site and it doesn't matter if it's on-premise on a public cloud whatever that presentation where they showed that they could scale a single Kubernetes cluster to a hundred thousand cores in the Google Cloud in this case quite easily and fast and then even scratch it when they don't need it yet and they justified that this is like an out-of-the-box solution to integrate new resources into our grid infrastructure and also the ability to to request resources that we don't have is our GPUs and their dream is to have like a home chart that does help install grid site and and you just add it to the infrastructure so they gave they gave some some summaries here of their what they've been doing integrating heterogeneous like ARM and GPUs and then they actually built an analysis facility on top of this so they have the Kubernetes layer as kind of the base layer to add the resources but then they add like Jupyter Hub and they add the ability to deploy like task clusters dynamically for different users so people can do their analysis using Jupyter Hub and then scale out using tasks to a very large number of resources so I don't think the video is uploaded yet but for sure it will be Nathan so I from from the link in I will find the link in the agenda for you and then there should be like a little with the video some reason my computer is blocking a bit oh Apple's yeah yeah yeah yeah Apple's the link in a bit so I think it's it's an interesting talk because it's a real use case and pretty large of doing both batch and and kind of more interactive analysis is is Panda batch processing yet another batch scheduler thing that people have written no Panda is like it's a specific scheduler for Atlas so they they have their own workflow manager on top and that's where all the work so Panda is their thing yeah yeah I just wonder whether they is it an open source thing or it is yeah yeah because yeah I can't find anything I can't find it. Panda batch processing does not yield a usable Google address say that again Panda batch processing does not yield a usable Google address so far yeah so I'll give you I'll give you one where where the actual documentation is so it is a generic tool but it's very much it's used by other experiments as well but it was developed within Atlas I pasted the link there cool thanks I wanted to find the link to the talk let's see here's the link to the to this one and yeah the video should appear there I think they they are done with all the collocated events and they started uploading the main conference videos as well there's some sort of delay where videos are available like if you have the virtual access you can go to the virtual platform and watch the videos right now otherwise they will get to YouTube at some point as well and I think that's it that's all I have yeah so yeah I think that the expectations were met for for the conference they were and they they mentioned that 65 new attendees in a coupon before so that's pretty impressive that's pretty awesome I was really disappointed it's a miss out actually but um definitely gonna be there and uh well gonna try to be there in Detroit should be good I really felt like it was three years worth of budget all spent into one coupon because of the pandemic I mean quite quite a lot of things going on I had to say it was a good one to be here to attend to tend to yeah and definitely you can see the difference of having in-person conferences and being able to like just bump into people and discuss quickly it's very different yeah definitely I remember I attended the virtual one the previous year but then yeah you could see you could definitely feel there was like yeah it just felt so less so to speak um this one I think I really enjoyed the part the the part that was not in the virtual one last year which was the sponsorship booth basically you could just go around and and find people and just talk to them which was something of course it was difficult you can't do virtually not in the way you can do it in in person and it was quite massive because there was like two pavilions full of sponsor showcases it was in between was killing me to be honest three days after I was I just couldn't move anymore I don't know how he had the strength to also cycle in the weekend but then yeah me I was just barely hanging yeah so I think that's that's what I had but one thing that I wanted to ask as well because there's not a lot of time between now and October basically so if we organize like a new batch and HPC co-located I think it would be nice because it would help keep the momentum but we need to be really proactive to reaching out to people to do submissions to make sure we have enough content there were a couple of talks that were quite good that we didn't select for this one but maybe we need to make sure we advertise this as much as possible both in the like new world but also in like there are some interests like Nathan is here there was some interest in like involving more things like more established components like slurm in the HPC environment and and try to kind of to the bridge between the two and see what's the way forward I'm sure Nathan will have a lot of opinions about this so that would be pretty awesome also to have that discussion I think his microphone never works though I think Ricardo A reached out and suggested that we submit something around Armada we'd be happy to do something of course I also wondered in that batch day do you know how pretty bass ended up on batch day I can't seem like it was it was a weird one to include especially if we had other good which one sorry it was a whole talk on pretty bass during batch day which seemed I like pretty bass it was Travis Adair and you know the people who did Horovod and Lidwig AI and it was more ML ML yeah so I think it was more to get a yeah I will have to go back to the notes but I think it was because they had like this idea of a note less Kubernetes that is quite interesting and also because they had different use case with that was the reasoning yeah I think because if you look at the schedule there's there's quite a lot of components or it's not really vendor but like component based talks but not so much end user talks and I think for the next one it would be really interesting to have those but we need to reach out to I see yeah but I mean if we could get end users of any of the schedules that spoke last time that might be that might be very interesting yeah and the other question will be depending on how many submissions there are if we make it still half day or a full day mm-hmm I'm going to submit something definitely I know that deadlines approaching but let's start it at least yeah hope you're amazing your sandbox or you submitted to sandbox as well yeah yeah that's one another thing we probably need to do definitely need to do is work out the next set of agendas for this I think we've run out now tends to work quite well I think send them up front yeah yeah we could use like five minutes for that yeah I don't know if we'll be able to do it now but we could think about it but yeah we've got as you say it's only really four months until next Q-coin anyway the CFP is this Friday you know right I know I know I'll start it I'm actually I'm traveling to some relatives tonight and I plan to just sit up late and just type up my submission because for the batch HPC if we organize again the colo it will be late at the CFP but for the main event it was already this one I'm just gonna get it in it's good I think yeah I guess like if everyone has we can probably drop the topic backlog we have there apart from the gem session I guess and maybe maybe if people can add there what they would like to hear about so we just talked about celium and evpf we had other other things mentioned there right so we could get the atlas people also to present because it's like a use case would that be okay as well yeah absolutely we mentioned the gateway avi did we ever get a presentation on that probably not right I've missed a couple of sessions but I don't remember one is that is that so germane to this group I mean it's it's interesting it's good I don't know do people suffer that in in this world of research I think the most the main thing would be how to use that for bursting and multi cloud things if if at all possible interesting okay I can see that a little bit it just seems like it's so much more directly useful for if I have a product and I need different different htp end points to go to different places okay yeah but they have this concept because there's the gateway api and then there's this multi cluster service api that basically allows you to make a service external and then define on the other cluster that it should consume a remote service and then they kind of linked to each other things like okay what else did we have here cluster api was that one as well yeah yeah we were very interested in that I think we never had that talk about it as well yeah crossplane we did get something about numa as well that would be pretty cool maybe yeah probably not for a whole session but I noticed the other day that proposal finally got merged the ones about six years old around username spacing you see that I did not see that in cover names yeah yeah that and it's coming up in the next uh community's release right oh no I mean it hasn't nothing's been implemented I think this is just like getting the like proposal merged like oh no I thought there was intent to get it in soon oh maybe I don't know but yeah that was a at least a big step forward having it looks like an agreement on to do it on doing it yeah no that's a super exciting one um maybe the excitement in my voice is not quite uh relaying that excitement but yes super exciting but where did you see that actually because I'm um hold on I've got it here someone sent it to me yeah half alpha release target 125 okay I see no I think that's the one that's it yeah yeah I don't think there's okay yeah targeting 125 that that's pretty good also okay yeah the uh enhancement got merged basically after about six years which is good I guess there was quite a lot of to figure out on the kernel on friend yeah yeah no it's not a small one I just saw but I imagined it would never happen given that it'd been there all right that sounds amazing actually I think Jonathan just put uh username and rootless stuff that would be pretty nice and uh yeah I think we should get a talk from Nathan with a microphone as well and dedicated session that would be good we'll just sign language we can add those uh Nathan would that be okay to give a like you just mentioned also that you have some reports from sites on what they want and what they report it would be interesting to to hear about that as well would that be fine so yes it doesn't matter it's a research group we'll have to be accurate and these are netizens we also had right yeah we did we did get a talk from about rootless uh quite a while ago right it wasn't specifically about user netizens but uh yeah I can't remember guy's name you'll be on it was it was a key hero oh yeah it's always a key hero on these things so yeah for sure it was him but I he gave a talk about rootless but it was more like all the issues of like network nobody fs and uh when you do user space stuff but maybe like a more focused talk on user netizens would be cool as well yeah yeah so I'll just drop the link here because uh all this rootless stuff is being tracked by Giuseppe and like here as well that's a good link to have I think we have maybe maybe take these topics put them in slots and then we we hunt for speakers yeah sounds good sensible Nathan do you have a preference on when to do this like before summer after summer okay so we can schedule the other ones already and then leave us space awesome okay there's plenty of talks to go and watch now should we put all these links in the agenda I won't be able to do it now but maybe maybe later we and then we link it from the slack channel so that other people can go and check them as well yeah yeah we can get get back and get these coming yeah yeah from the recording the text is also appearing after I hope I think we can also export it I think yeah in the recording we can then find it I think that's it do we have anything else Jamie no I was just trying to see if I could export the text easily but yeah that's fine we'll grab it later uh no nothing else from me I mean I'll I haven't got a huge amount to contribute this time unfortunately because I wasn't there um no it's good to see uh people go a lot out there anyway what one thing is that we do I forgot that because we didn't do this this time but remember we have the possibility of doing talk in the maintain a track as well about the group uh and this last time it actually was quite nice we got a few people interested in the group as well so we can we can consider for Detroit to also have a slot for the group yeah I'm always up for that I think that's good it's just a nice refresher we need to submit it when the maintain a track uh people will come uh we need to submit it there yeah just tap me up I'll uh I'm working it with you okay cool all right good I guess that's it see you in two weeks yeah thank you all yeah yeah so yeah thanks all right thank you thank you bye


Governments first start off by asking a really basic question, why should we care about FGI? What does it matter? If you think about investment, clearly you can finance, you can have investment mostly for domestic investment and FGI might not be important in this whole story. I would argue that FGI is important for economic development, economic growth through at least three mechanisms. One mechanism is that FGI brings investable resources to a country where there is a lack of domestic resources. Many low income countries face a problem increasing investment rates. If you look at Sub-Saharan Africa, investment rates there are around 15-20 percent. Look at East Asia, 30-35 percent, China's got about 35 percent GDP investment rates. So if you want to get investment rates around 30-35 percent, which we know using a simple model of economic growth, you've got to get investment from somewhere and FGI can provide some of that. The second reason is that FGI can be very important for technology transfer, especially if you have joint ventures. Technology is difficult to get to the market, to a market-based transaction, FGI can allow you to bring technology in, which is very important in today's globalized world. The third mechanism is that FGI, and this is a very good work on this in economics, can lead to technology spillovers, knowledge spillovers. If you imagine a company coming into a country investing in, say, particular industrial electronics, the spillover effect with the workers working in that company might go somewhere else, a domestic company, and they'll bring their human capital that they've learned, they picked up through that initially working in M&E, and the country can benefit from that. Non-spillovers are actually, in my view, perhaps the most important mechanism. I'm much less convinced about the investment resource argument because FGI's official GDP is around 4-5% and we saw some data on that on technology transfer, depends on the industry, depends on the licensing that we have with water nationals, but knowledge spillovers, the work I've seen and which I've done work on, there's no doubt about it, that knowledge spillovers are very important, which means that FGI can and has the robust evidence on this in economics, can lead to significant economic growth. However, there's one thing that I'm going to talk about in this discussion on the UNCATH report, that it's not an unconditional relationship. It's very much conditional institutional quality. So we see it and I've done some work on this, that FGI effect on growth depends on whether the country has good institutions or not. The country has weak institutions, FGI does not seem to impact on economic growth very much. The country has strong institutions, FGI is much more stronger. So in other words, the responsive of growth through FGI is not unconditional, it's conditional institutional quality. So that's something just to keep that in mind. Now, I'm going to go back now to this question about the global minimum tax and here are some things that I'm going to be a slightly dissenting voice in this issue because I do think from a development point of view, there are important questions. First question I would ask is that if you think about two companies investing in multinational, investing in countries. One could be Shell, BP, investing in oil and gas. The other could be several Korean FDR companies invested in labor-intensive manufacturing, Chinese companies, Japanese companies. And the difference is that if you're in a resource-intensive sector, the tax ETR, the effective tax rate, doesn't really matter because there's so much rents in that sector, so much profits in the sector.  Right? Because the profits in labor-intensive manufacturing is not very much, especially a lot of volume. Profit per unit of production or sales is not very much. So at that point, it can bite. So then the question is that if this, the global minimum tax, leads to a situation where countries will need FDI, fall about intensive manufacturing. And not, we might find out either multinational decide to reinvest their own countries. So it's not outsourcing, they have on-shoring, which has already happened in the U.S. Versus a situation where you have FDI, and coming mostly to the intensive sectors, because they don't really care about the ETR. So I do have a concern that, will this push away the possibilities we've seen in East Asia of export-intensive manufacturing driven a lot by FDI? Look at Thailand, look at Cambodia, look at Laos, look at Vietnam, look at Bangladesh. So I'm also in South Asia here. So there is a concern I have that we need to be worried about sectoral distribution of the FDR. We cannot just say, look, this is something that is not independent sectoral differences, because we do want countries to get FDI, provide FDI in the sectors that matter of economic growth. So that's my first point. The second point is that I want to say is that there is a difference in inward-looking FDI and outward-oriented FDI. To be very honest, I much mean to say outward-oriented FDI, export-oriented FDI. Because if you are a company coming in to invest in that country to produce the domestic market, you already have quite a high rents. There's usually protective markets there. So you have a higher profit per unit sales. If you're exporting, you're exporting against other companies that are in the same space. So as I said, governments, for example, there is a difference there. And what we want to make sure is that we protect export-oriented FDI. So again, with the global boom tax, FX tax distribution between inward-looking FDI, which in my view is not very debilitating, but it may not have debilitating positive applications versus export-oriented FDI. So again, there's an important question about which way is the FDI going in these countries. The third point I want to make is that I want to bring the question of institutional quality. So imagine you have two countries with same global minimum tax, 15%. But one country has weak institutions. The other country has strong institutions. What we're going to see, we're going to see countries move their investments, move their investments to the higher and to the higher social quality. But also we know that low-income countries are the ones with weak institutions. And again, then there's a question here that if institutional quality matters, and I'm going to see this movement away from low-income countries with weak institutions, we need to be worried about that. So these are things which we need to have more research because I think that these are questions where we need to have empirical evidence that can explain exactly what are the implications of this minimum tax on the broader development questions that we need to ask. And I think if we don't have that evidence base, I'm still not completely convinced about how the global tax might work. That's sorry.


Welcome to rules best videos, we've come by with a list of facts about social media sensation killer keemstar, let's get right into the facts. Daniel M. Keem better known as killer keemstar and BJ keemstar was born on March 8th, 1983 in New York. He is currently 34 years old and resides in Buffalo, New York. He has a daughter named Mia whom he keeps very private. Before social media he was a lawyer. He was also a debt collector and would call people in order to get their debts. Daniel started his social media career on the live streaming platform twitch.tv. It wasn't until October 2009 that keemstar opened up his very first youtube channel XDJ keemstar. He first got recognition after his friend D ranker uploaded a video of him playing Halo 3. In the video he has found tracking trash and trolling strangers under the gamer tag dj keemstar. A clan known as the federation of asshole gamers noticed this video and invited him to join the clan. After moving on from the trolling scene he eventually moved on to reporting drama circulating on youtube. He created the channel drama alert on June 15, the reason for drama alert was after seeing youtubers fight on twitter and he would publicize it with the hashtag drama alert. The trend caught on and decided to make a video about drama and people loved it. The channel grew so quick that he gained 300,000 subscribers within the first 10 months of opening his channel. On May 5, 2016 a youtuber by the name idubstv uploaded a video exposing keemstar on all of his bad things that keemstar has done. Following a hate storm that ensued from the video other big youtubers like leafy is here and grade A under A would make videos on him as well. Even though at the time leafy and grade A were friends with keemstar they felt it was a smart business move to make videos on him and stray away from him. With the success of drama alert there was also a bad reputation for posting false accusations.  Keemstar's audience would then proceed to harass the innocent man. Keemstar eventually removed the video and apologized to the man. On June 29, 2016 keem uploaded a video titled keemstar exposed response where he replies to all allegations made of him. It isn't sure when this was posted but keemstar put out a song called dollar in the woods give you the judge for how great it is. People usually shout keemstar's wrongdoings but never tell the good thing that he has done so we made the list. He's exposed pedophiles in a minecraft community with proof exposed scammers in the youtube community and has helped expose stalkers. Well that concludes the video guys hopefully you guys did enjoy the video and if you did remember to smack that like button let us know in the comment section below what you like to see next and if you haven't already subscribed please do subscribe to keep up with the world's best videos