Welcome back. The river state governor, Nezom Uike, has boasted that he raised the most qualified person to rule Nigeria in 2023. The governor said no Nigerian possess his credentials and leadership experience. He stated that being a minister as well as the governor of the oil-rich state gives him the needed experience to govern the country. He also debunked in simulations about him being the running mate to any presidential hopeful in the people's Democratic Party, the PDP. He further retreated that power should return to the south next year as these agrees with the position of side and governor's chairman of the board of the trustees of the people's Democratic Party, the PDP. Uike slammed those calling for the PDP presidential ticket to be zoned to the north. Now joining us to discuss this is Sugbe Ilay, a legal practitioner in Darlton, Orgy, former publicity secretary of the people's Democratic Party in Riva State. Many thanks gentlemen for joining us this time around. All right, let me start with you, Darlton. Can you hear me? All right, fine. The governor of Riva State, Nezom Uike, I'm sure you are aware of the statement that is accredited to him. He is saying that he is the best candidate to run for the presidency in 2023. He is a member of your party, a full-flagged member of the PDP. Would you say Nezom Uike has all it takes to be the next governor of Nigeria come next year? Thank you. Good evening for giving me the privilege of expressing my view and I think the majority view of our report. I can confirm to you today that from the stories we are hearing from Devan Yag, the governor of Riva State is excellency, chief barrister, and Nezom Uike is the most qualified person in PDP as of today. The reasons are very simple. For you to be the president of Federal Republic of Nigeria, taking into consideration of the crises that are in different political zones in Nigeria, you need one, a man with energy that is energetic enough to have the courage and the courage to take political decisions across line and respective of whose thoughts it goes. Again, Riva State is like a mini-Nigeria where Bandra and the bus do not hear each other. Yes, this is a man that met Riva State in a war zone or a war situation and have been able to reduce crime and criminality to its barest minimum. At least before if we turn your radio or television, you hear one bus, two buses being kidnapped in Riva State. A man that stood safe to fight. Another landmark achievement in this bonfire, if you understand what I mean by bonfire, this illegal refinery of crude that is going on. That war is more than a fight against Boko Haram. Because this is fighting us, feeling even though that it's carrying it out. And this is a political decision yet a man has the courage to say I will go after this Katerme to make sure that he saves the life of our people. Now, if you look at this, development has tried the way he has carried himself since we're denied of May 2015. And checking or accessing him as a minister, what he did in terms of the imaginary schools and encouraging our people, because we understood that most people that carry out this dastardly act is because they were not properly informed. And when a man is informed, he can take a proper decision and he achieved that. If you also understand that he was a former government chairman in this state and won all their awards, he can take off. As a chief of staff to the then former government of Riverside, the brain boss behind the little achievement that was gotten by the last administration. And in this external, he has reformed and changed Riverside to a constitutional house. A man that has such quality, a man that has such courage, a man that has such capacity to take decisions across political lines is the type of question we need now. We do not need the... We do not need a big name that cannot bring food to our table. We need people to have a mind to take the decision. And one of the achievements we are having is because this is a man that gives a job. And go to the site and search. And he does not need a president. Excuse me, Nadia, I do not need a president that will sit in the Asorok alone. All right, Dalinty. All right, Dalinty, we'll still come back to you. It is much as all that you have said is still debatable. We still need to get the average reverse energy into actually talk more about the state of affairs in Riverside. But let us bring Shubhaya Eli into this conversation. Thanks for joining us, Shubhaya. Thanks for having me. All right, I'm sure you have been following the conversation. The spokesperson of the PDP in Riverside seems to believe the former spokesperson of the PDP in Riverside seems to believe that the president, the governor, Nesum Riki, has all that it takes to govern this country come 2023. Do you agree? That's on the one hand. And secondly, what qualities do you think the next president of Nigeria should have? Quickly, Nesum Riki, as an Indian under Indian law and the Constitution, is qualified by stage and education to run for president. However, it does not have the temperaments and the requisite exposure to lead the nation as drivers of Nigeria. We're not talking about the tarp on meeting here. We're not talking about some ethnic leadership here. We're talking about the Nigeria that has the right temperaments, the body language and the exposure to lead the nation like Nigeria. It does not have it. And for Nigeria, what do we need for a president right now? We need a Nigerian president that is sellable across the nation. A Nigerian president whose name the sovereign is built for controversial reasons. We don't want the propagandists with respect to my brother, Versailles. Yes, Nesum Riki, it showed himself the power to reverse people by propaganda. He used arms of means to demonize his principal, his boss, Ruta Mechi, to get to the heart of Jonathan and then go to the government house. That is not possible now. It has come back again to the same strategy to demonize Mechi with all sorts of stories.   We are familiar with this area, we are familiar. Nigerians don't want that kind of temperamental character but we want this stable calm edit, progressive minded and deliverable president, a president that is not biased. Come to reverse it and see what goes on here. This government has spent eight days of its time working for its people, for its people and it throws it in your face and tells others that's what the current Nigerian president wants. We want the pan-Nigerian. We want the Nigerian who has the vision and the drive and the exposure to this country. We don't want an ethnic champion. We don't want a man who is vindictive and who will demonize others. Eli, let me just bottom very quickly. Before I get darling to respond to some of these points that you have made, you talked about exposure but the government of reverse, they seem to believe that he has some very wonderful kind of track record according to him that he has been a governor and he has also been a minister. With all of that, he has the pedigree to run for the presidency in 2023. As minister I was a Pulosa failure, do you forget? As minister of the states, when for political reasons Jonathan suspended and removed Professor Rukair to Ahmed, who was his principal, he took over as prime minister of the ministry. As he went on strike for one full year, couldn't resolve it. Jonathan pointed a branch account from Canada State. The next day he resolved the crisis and students were back to school. He couldn't manage the crisis in terms of about the marjorie schools. Why did he find them in the country? Why did he find them anywhere in the north? They're all audio schools. But I've seen him here as governor of reverse state. He has not played one bus to one day. In fact, we drew from the students who are abroad for foreign studies back here. And also it's about philosophy and philosophy and history. He did this for a long time. He had the commission on over a year ago, he only went to have the complete. He has been able to activate one. In terms of infrastructure, I talked about building how many flowers in the city are protected alone. Has it broken the traffic deadlock? No. We are talking about outside, they have a new diverse vision. Ask him to bring his new diverse vision and show us why your promise will be fly-overs. All right, so we'll let him, Dalintin, respond right now. Dalintin, I'm sure that you have been following. Specifically, I want you to respond to issues that Eli has raised. He mentioned the temperament that the government of a river state assumes to have issues with that. He talked about how he saw propaganda to the people during his campaign. And he said that Nigeria actually needs somebody who is stable and calm-headed. Dalintin. Unfortunately, even Eli himself knows that he's speaking from bad things. First of all, he talked about a special. I don't know who we might suppose that the man that has grown through the ranks, who was a local government chairman for two terms, who was the chief of staff to the former state governor, who was a minister, according to him, a general minister in the last administration of the former president of the United Nations, who is a two-term governor. I do not understand what he meant by special. Would it be that all these things does not go with what of the spirits and all of that? Let me check the records. As a local government chairman, Governor Wicke was ascending that aimed him the chairman of Agon. Now he talked about propaganda. I don't know how the propaganda was sustained if former president of the United Nations was there in 2015. I do not understand whether he was here in 2019 to make sure that he protects him. These are cries that we understand that the people have come again for them to continue to cry. But I don't say that. Now he talked about the discovery of the aircraft in Germany. The question is, is the aircraft parked in Germany? Who took it to Germany? The former chief of staff who was managing the aircraft, as he made a statement this year, in what line did he make a statement? So, and again, you will know that the day Governor Wicke went there to see the aircraft does not mean that that was the day it was discovered. He said he has already established, when they got the chip off, they've already established a relationship with the company. And that was the day they had the financial to meet and that money has been translated based on what the information or the bills they are supposed to pay as regards to demerits and all of that. Now, you cannot talk about, can I deny the fact that Wicke as a governor under two years has flagged up completion of the flyovers and protocols. Can he say that he wrote linking protocols to true agreement that was the death trap and kidnapped day and protocol before that he has been free? Can he say that the trans-calabary rules is 6% up to 80%? Can he say that the OI well-meaned rules, sorry, has been free? Can he say that the general rules in Germany has been free? Can he say that the unity rule in Okaika? Of course, you will get him to respond to all of these issues that you've made. The truth of the matter is that Wicke is qualified. All right, thank you, Dalinton. Thanks so much. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. All right, all right. By 2023, just next year, Nigerians will actually have the right and of course, the freedom to choose whoever they want. But let's just round off now with them, should we, Eli? So right now, if we're talking about the president, if you're talking about them, the right candidate to govern Nigeria, is it just about exposure? Shouldn't we be talking about issues and someone who the citizens can actually trust in a minute, please? So we'll just round off, Eli. Yeah, we're talking about competence. We're talking about measurable, verifiable achievements in government. When I talk about propaganda, this man comes up to me, Mr. Wicke, they might run on a propaganda stretch to become governor. Or as it felt, everything is just days in drama, propaganda every day. If you pick a candidate, I vote for Mbeci as governor or as personal candidates. Have you seen what has done with continuity in the rural sector? Have you seen what has done with the airports and those provides the airports? Have you seen what he's doing still now with the midst of scarce resources? Have you seen this Nigerian network? It's all about Wicke being new government for two times. For God's sake, how many of us are Mbeci run as governor, as speaker and as minister? We have seen tangible achievements that Nigerian government can.  All right. Of course, that one. This man, the government has the capacity to expose you. He has a rich, first of all, government forum chairman. He showed enough character. He's a nationalist to the core. He does him, Martin, any kind of thing, running the country, he's a nationalist. All right, thank you. Thank you, Eli. I think it's one of the people I'm reminding me and that is a friend. No. Nigerians want a president who can unite this country. It's all we do. That's what's going on. And the most damaging promises of being a president is young, synergetic, and it's all looking. All right. Thank you, Eli, for your thoughts. We have been talking about 2023, who is more qualified to govern the people to drive the machinery of government and next year. Is it the governor of River State who says he is the best candidate, ideal candidate, or is it other Nigerians who would be coming at him over time? And we've heard them. Darlington OG join us, a former publicist secretary of the PDP in River State, and of course, Shubhaya Eli, a legal practitioner. Thank you so much, gentlemen. All right, thank you for staying with us. We'll take a short break now. And when we return, I'll be giving you my take. And here is my take. The burden of preserving democracy lies with all stakeholders, both government and the citizens. On the part of the government, it must prioritize good governance and civil liberties of the citizens because these intrinsic elements reinforce the foundation of democracy. Government must also be deliberate in building strong institutions in their countries. Strong institutions serve as buffers to internal and external threats to a country. And for who is most qualified to rule Nigeria? In my opinion, the president should be the one to decide or the people rather the Nigerians that he should be the ones to decide that with all the issues the country is going through, it wouldn't be too much if someone who truly understands the terrain has the wishes of the people in mindsets, the country. The emphasis is on service. We don't need anyone who would come with, I am in charge mentality to govern us because at the end of the day, leadership is a core to serve. Above all, we can only get that if we handpick those they want or the people pick those they want with their selves and governance and not necessarily some consensus arrangement and all the politics that come with it. My name is Justin after the near plus politics returns next week, but we'll leave you with the highlights of the week. Thank you so much. I think we also need to go back to say to look in and ask how were those people from a local government excluded? We had what Congress, what local government and state Congress is in 2020? It's got to 2 years now. At the day we had what Congress? Materials for the East and brain local government were hijacked. So the two local governments were cancelled. Congress is not over there. Normally, Congress's local government ought to have done it after. But unfortunately, all the mayor and the people went to court. They went to court. They tried the answer of the party. The party could not conduct Congress. Congress is supposed to have the government. And not even now. The matter went from lower court, upbeat court, DC, and the Supreme Court. So you know I expect the party to not go again. You are the one who went to court. And you are not suffering the consequence of the action. You cannot go about blaming people. So evidently, the great result, the great, the crazy roots of about 40, 30 years ago can no longer be as it was. So we are saying that what we've seen about 60 years ago cannot currently obtain now. So with respect to a crazy roots, as a moral fact, when modern civilisation does not really give in for somebody taking cartons from the north down to the record, if there's no business made, these people, these boys that are taking these cartons, they should go to school. So when you look at the patriarchal medicine, it's been about 200 years ago. There's no civilised world today where you find there people selling cartons. I was thinking by now, serious reforms that we're going on in this world, especially after the end-sales bitter experience we had. I was thinking, if I ever would have learned these lessons, I'd be going to see how we go straight into police reforms. It's a great deal of reform, to plan in the last, last period of time, especially in the police. I don't see any serious reforms going on. Where I would have said, maybe a lot of money is going on internally, this is that and so on. No, in many other states, where today we have the military complementing the effort of the police and drug, we know how much state governments are spending and that's why some of the governments are saying, allow us to have our own police force and then this money, this entire bonus, we are pumping in the various, at the various state level, to go into our own police. The federal government could lay out the guidelines. Can I say give them a hand? Our politicians are not as mature as they are. They are like children, they are like little kids. The ensouled protest that took place around October of last year was one of the best things to have happened to this country. The best thing. One of the finest is the phenomenon. It's an event that the police ought to have seized upon to begin some kind of internal cleansing mechanisms. Well, unfortunately, because of the fact that a lot of reactionary elements are embedded in the federal government, a lot of talks, armed talks, we are smuggled in, we are brought in that infiltrated, that's very wonderful protest that even happened for up to four days without any violent incident before imported foreign talks. When I say foreign, I don't mean non-angelians. I mean people who were brought in from different parts of the country. A lot of them were brought in from Kano into Abodia and the Nigerians, some of us who were at the protest, we saw the way some SUVs, brand new SUVs, were actually driving these armed talks to the centers of these protests, to interrupt the protests and to begin to kill, attack, you know, protest that. So the event itself is a very, in fact it's the first time in the history of this country that you have a large number of youths who come out to say we are denouncing the Modus operandi of the Nigerian police force that have been in place for ages, issue of police brutality, issues of extrajudicial killings, the issues of extortion and unfortunately that event that happened, it seems no lessons have been learned because so many of those manifestations of illegalities by the police are still going on because the event has come and gone. Nigerians need to learn a lot of positive lessons. We need to begin to have some kind of constructed partnership between the civil society and the police in its practical applications. We need to clean up the police. The policing mechanisms in Nigeria is very much outdated. The police seem to be operating in the kind of mindset that they had when they were set up by the colonialists, when they were set up to serve these colonial masters and not to serve the interests of the collective, the interests of the Nigerian citizens.


Hi Virgo, this is Kelly from House of Virgo. This is going to be your love reading for May 17th. This will be for all Virgos, Virgo Sun, Moon Rising, or Venus, okay? If you want to get a personal reading, there's a link in the description box below. Please do hit like, share, and subscribe if you enjoy this video, and please tell your other Virgo friends that we have a Virgo channel. Okay, Virgo, let's take a look and see what the love messages are for May 17th. Believe me, May 17th. This might be in the 18th. Now I'm confused all my days. Please forgive me. Let's just call it a timeless reading, but I will put the correct day in the caption. Okay, so please forgive me because I think I uploaded the 17th already, but now I cannot remember, but if I didn't, you'll know in the caption what day this is for. All right, Virgo, let's take a look here, see what your love messages are. I believe it is for the 17th. Let's see. Okay. All right, Virgo, you have the judgment card is here. The five of wands. Oh boy, there's communication coming in here for you, Virgo.  Truth is coming in. Somebody wants to make some kind of change. There's reconciliation happening here. Wow. Could be pregnancy, birth. I'll pull some clarifying cards. Somebody's fighting for this connection, Virgo. All right, so we do have, let's see, Taurus, Libra, Scorpio. I am picking up some Aries energy, but let's get some clarifiers and see what's going on here, Virgo, this person. I know some of you are like, I don't want to reconcile, but listen, on my other channel, Moon Pitero, I do have a Virgo Singles reading that will be in my playlist. So you can always check that out as well, but I just give whatever messages are coming up here. All right, let's take a look at judgment. So there's some truth coming out. Somebody's having a wake-up call, clarity, a final decision, coming clean. Somebody might be living in England. All right, let's see. Healing energy, three of wands. Wow. Waiting for the right time. Making some plans. No more setbacks. Okay. No more delays going on here. Somebody's got some insight and some foresight about what they want, what they need to do. Okay, this could be a long distance connection or relationship. I feel like this person is in a position here of waiting to either hear from you or waiting for an opportunity to come clean. Okay, about some problems and drama. The five of wands always represents a situation of uncertainty. Not really knowing. There's a lot of, I almost feel like, I want to say competition, but there could be like some game playing or a struggle. Okay, let's get a clarifying card here for the five of wands. Okay, yeah. Remorse and regret and a feeling of loss. That's a struggle. I feel like somebody, whoever this person is or your person or whomever it is, this person is coming in to communicate. This is my crush card. Someone is smitten with you, Virgo. This could be somebody new coming in, but I do feel like this is a reconciliation situation because of judgment. There's some kind of clarity of purpose. The struggle has left this person feeling really lost and sad in a position of grief, coming in to communicate with you. The eight of cups is here. They don't want to be separated from you anymore, Virgo. Okay, if you guys are in separation or it's more like a temporary separation, this person is on some kind of a journey. They want to come see you've got that ninth cup, and I feel like there would be like a text message or some type of message coming in for you, where this person may tell you that they want to come see you. They're coming towards you. They're going after that ninth cup, which one cup in the air represents that ace of cups, like a new baby or like a new initiation of love, proposal or marriage. It's like this idea, these thoughts running through this person's head and communicating this with you. Hey, do you want to get married or hey, do you want to get into a relationship or hey, do you want to try for a child? Like a very creative idea. This person has been on some kind of a journey. They've been separated from you or not communicating with you, and here it comes. The two of pentacles, this is an element of someone who is finally able to commit. No longer wanting this struggle, no longer being in this position where they feel overwhelmed about love. The idea of commitment overwhelmed this person. They want to find a way to balance things. I was saying in one of my readings, this is the juggler, the energy that goes in to committing to keeping these balls up in the air. It's total and extreme focus and being completely present of mind. And this person is coming in, I feel like they're coming in for that. They're just waiting for the right time. They have the nine of wands here. This person is coming in quite persistent about this. The center of the reading is a ton of sorts. This is total surrender. They give up whatever they were trying to avoid being with you. I feel like they're hitting rock bottom about this. They're just defeated. There's an energy of feeling defeated. They don't want to have an ending, and it feels like it's ending and they don't want it to end. I feel like they're coming to terms with that, like a total wake up call about who you are and how you mean to them, what you mean to them. Let me see here. There's sadness with this person. They're sad because of the struggle or that they've created some kind of problem or they've created drama. Ten of sorts, please. Okay. Three of pentacles. It's marriage, working together. The moon card is here. Cancer energy coming up and out of this, revealing, beginning to reveal this person truly does want to have some kind of like, I know I want to, so the word is collaboration, right? But it's like teamwork, working together. They've been trying to do this on their own and just live a life by themselves, but coming to terms with the fact that, you know, their fear is going to keep them lonely for the rest of their lives. So justice is here, karma, balancing things out, coming in with the truth, seeking a win-win solution. Okay. Let me see here. This could even be legal marriage, just nine of cups. Yeah. You're a wish come true for them. And I feel like you're going to get communication from this person about that, that you are a wish come true for them. Remember I said, eight of cups, seeking that ninth cup. Here it is, right? Coming in, going after that ace of cups and presenting it to you, giving it to you, communicating with you, ready to make a change. This lifestyle change. It's not just about, for some of you, having a child or birth or anything like that. I mean, or, you know, this is abundance, fertility, good parenting as well. This person is ready to make that change and have that. And for others, it's just, they view you as this Empress, not a queen, an Empress. The Empress has everything. She's beautiful. She's creative. She's abundant. She's so attractive. She's patient and loving and nurturing. She, the Empress represents all of the Queens. All right. So if we would just to go down the line again, she's very healing and has very supportive energy, very resourceful and domesticated in many ways. She's self-sufficient. She's completely honest. She can be feisty. She's confident and self-assured. And that's how this person is viewing you. And with that native source energy coming in, fierce, assertive. This person coming in with like excitement, fast talking, talking about a lifestyle change. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. This is completely out of character for them, I feel, because they're coming from a place of grief and sadness that they may have kept to themselves. Let's get a clarifying card here. Ah, the world. Ready to write the new pages of this book to start again, a new chapter happening here. Out with the old and with the new. This person's ready for new with you. Taurus Aquarius, Leo, Scorpio. This person's ready to begin again. You know, each in the world card, it's got four pillars, which is a sign of stability. Okay. You might be, this person might be coming in, coming from another different part of the world or a different place in the world or they're either from there, they're traveling or it could be communication over the internet. Let's take a look at the Empress here. Okay. Yep. Total wake up call about who you are. They've been stuck for a long time and the only person that they have been able to think about or imagine has been you enlightened about who you are and what you mean to them. No one compares to you Virgo. No one. And here they are with the seven of ones, protective wanting to fight for this relationship, fight for this connection, standing up, leveling up, taking the high ground here, fighting. It's not just putting an effort, it's just not wanting to give up. This person is just coming in with very strong boundaries and plans. No more stalling, no more quitting, no more running away. Okay. Oh, five of ones, not only defensive energy, but coming in with this, resolving the problems. Okay. Overcoming the obstacles, five of ones again, fighting through the struggle. Okay. And being like the victor in the struggle, finding those dragons, you know, fighting for harmony and success and an ability, finding a way to resolve whatever problems you guys have had in the past and opening up. I'm telling you, this person may be communicating that they want you to come where they are, move in with them or vice versa, spend time together, be together. Let's see what your angel answers are here. Okay. I know you might have some questions, but ask a question. Ask a question right now while I'm shuffling. What is it that you truly want to know? Okay. Success. Will this happen? Will this work? Will you be successful? Yes, you will. There is success here. That's what I was saying. It's like a victor. It's the six of ones energy, being victorious, having this thing work out. This person, it was just up to them to come to terms with things. There was nothing you could do. You've done everything you could do. Okay. Ask your angels. Speak to your angels, Virgo. Ask for guidance. If this is where they want you to be. If this is what this person, if they're coming in with true intentions, because it feels like it, it feels like a waking up, an awakening. Okay. There's a need to compromise here though. Okay. There will be a need to compromise and I'm not sure why that could be because you're at a distance to one another. It could be because there are obstacles. I see this person wanting to overcome those problems and those obstacles or whatever they might be. They want to win to be the winner of your heart. They want to win your heart. There's going to be a need to compromise and that is the justice card. That is coming into harmony and balance with one another. But speaking your truth to each other, not holding back and not just leaving it be. Speaking your truth. What do you want, Virgo? And asking them the same question. What do they want? I'm going to pull a charm. Okay. So we have the cherry blossom. So somebody's name might be cherry or that you like cherries. It's cherry blossoms. You might see them right now floating around, hanging on the trees. I don't know if the wind is still blowing them off the trees. Some of them might be gone. Maybe you have a cherry blossom tattoo or Japanese blossoms somewhere or you just really admire them. They're just very beautiful or something you may have noticed recently or saw them somewhere. You could be looking at an art print that has them. Let's get one more. Okay. Wow. You've got the hamra, the hand of protection. Some of you might be getting a henna tattoo or you just got one or you're thinking of getting one. That is a sign of marriage. The henna tattoo could be like an Indian, like a marriage of some sort. I'm hearing Pakistani. I'm hearing India somewhere in the Middle East. I'm picking up the Middle East somewhere. One more charm. I just want to get one more Chanel number five, but it's black. Okay. Lustry, musky, seductive energy as stimulating the senses or somebody you might like Chanel number five or maybe you wear number five. Five is a number of change, freedom and travel. Okay. So something here is coming in alignment with the five. Okay. We have an anchor. Some of you might be going on a cruise or there's a ship or a boat. Okay. But it's also anchoring, you know, getting anchored in this relationship and this connection. This is a past thing coming back. Okay. And I know some of you might not want to have the past back and that's okay. You know, this may not be the reading for you, but some of you may and so let those people have that reading. But I feel like there's an anchoring that's going to be happening here where you guys finally, it feels like planting the roots, you know, it's like grounding here. I'll stop full stop. Everything is stopping now. And like, it's like coming together and like holding tightly and anchoring and and now like coming together and talking and figuring it out and working things through. And it's beautiful energy Virgo. It's so beautiful. And I feel so hopeful for you if this is something that you want or you've been waiting for with this person. So I'm going to leave your reading there. I hope that you enjoy this. Please make sure to hit subscribe and hit the like button. If you don't mind, make sure you hit the notification bell too and enable that in your phone. So you'll know when I upload, I usually upload every day, 9am Eastern Standard Time, but you may wake up one morning and find it here earlier. All right, Virgo, take care. Love you. Bye.


Chapter is consumer behavior and today we have to study that what are the properties of the Hixian demand function. As we have already studied that Hixian demand function, how it performs and how it is derived. But when it is derived, it cannot be possible that if it is not having certain properties and it is not going to fulfill those properties, it will not exhibit that function that we have expressed during our derivation. So now we are coming to its various properties. The first of all, the first property is that there will not be any excess utility for any commodity of X and that X when it is the member of the Hixian demand function and that Hixian demand function that is depending upon the price and the utility kept constant. So in this Hixian demand function, price for that commodity that is under consideration will only vary but the utility will be kept constant and the prices of all other goods it also will be kept constant. When we come to the second property, it means that property it follows from only one concept and that concept is that the utility function is continuous. If the utility function is not the continuous, that will not be possible for us to have the substitution effect because the consumer is going to substitute the amount demanded at one price to the other price but by having his travel on the same consumer demand function or on the same utility function. So the continuity of the utility function is the basic essence to have the substitution effect. And when we come to the third property, it says that we can assume that if there is one any commodity of X that is the member of one Hixian demand function and that is so that that utility of that X is greater than previous utility U dot. So if we assume this, then we have to assume another bundle and that is under the property of the fourth and there here now that commodity that is the X prime that again it will also be the member of that previous bundle of the X and here we can say that the one scalar vacuum should be there and that is not a vector. That scalar will just denote any amount that it will denote any number. So this scalar, it is the member of that number bundle and it can approach from zero and it can go up to one. So when there will be this scalar number and by the continuous process we see that when we select then the consumer can approach its utility and it can move maximum and maximum to up to one. So when it approaches near or close to one then we can have that utility for that X prime it should be greater than the previous one utility of the that we were having. If this property prevails there then the price attached with that bundle that is X prime value. Now that price multiplied by that amount it will give the expenditure function. So here if utility is greater then we can say price into X prime it should be less than the price into X one and it will contradict the previous one that being the optimal in the expenditure minimization problem it cannot be possible that now we are going to have the same utility level but we are going to have the more expenditure because this property is must for the continuity of the utility and even for the Hixian demand function where we keep on this thing that the nominal income it will remain the same but the real income it is going to vary somewhere. So for that we require certain compensation and when there will be compensation then either this compensation will be negative either this compensation can be positive for which the consumer has to be compensated through certain either addition or by a deduction in his nominal income just to keep him on the same real utility level on the same utility level and for this this property has to be fulfilled. One another thing that we are going to see that is number one its property one another that is there should be convexity and uniqueness and when we say that convexity our utility function it should be convex and it should if it is not convex or rather it will be in the form of touch and cave it will be very difficult to express all the properties that a Hixian or a normal even demand function it's going to have. So if that function is strictly convex then we can have the utility and we are expressing this by the utility dot mean this is the continuous utility function so it is strictly cause icon cave and this property it tells that there should be a very very particular unique element in the Hixian demand function and if that utility function if it is expressed for more than two commodities mean commodities X1 and commodity X2 then we can have that this utility function is just equal to alpha natural log X1 plus 1 minus alpha into natural log X2 it means here the scalar value that is attached with that utility function it should be equal to one unity when it is added up so when we will add up this alpha and 1 minus alpha it means the total scalar value is equal to 1 and when this continuity is differentiated with respect to the various aspects of the variable proportions of the commodities mean it can be differentiated with respect to either X1 or it can be differentiated even with the respect to the X2 then the optimal consumption bundle it should be characterizing only having through the first order condition and that first order condition it will give us a very peculiar property that whenever we are going to derive that the output that we are having in our hand it is the same as we are going to deal with one commodity or with the two commodities so Hixian demand functions properties are very very necessary to be fulfilled otherwise Hixian demand function will not be possible to execute all the functions that have been expressed through its derivations and all the other problems Thank you


Brian. Hi, everyone, Baselchamp and Steve with Tom O'Brien. This is the three o'clock show. And my usual show is the Tiger Technicians Hour, 10 o'clock to 11 o'clock. And my opening call newsletter is my dating newsletter. It goes out to subscribers every market day. And on the weekends, I like to spend about an hour doing an overview on what's happened, what we're looking at, what stocks we are looking at, what positions we want to take for the coming week, what's the outlook. And just to go with that, I'm going to do this right now. I'm doing it tomorrow night. In fact, I'm doing a webinar. It's for opening call subscribers. You can become a subscriber. It's easy enough. You can sign up. That means you'll pay the fee, but it's refundable if you're not happy after the month you can just call up and you just cancel. So it's Tuesday, March the 19th at 4 p.m. Technical tools needed for the coming few months. And one of the reasons why I want to talk about the technical tools is I want to talk about the technical tools, how the weekly charts are signaling that there should still be higher highs to come, where do I anticipate that there'll be a problem, and what the socioeconomic aspect that I always like to talk about that has to do with skyscrapers and all other things like that. I'm going to be talking about the number of, the plethora of round numbers. It's just incredible that the number of round numbers we've seen, also sector rotation, stock selection, live questions and answers. But let me just show you something right here. So this is the Dow, up 155. Look, the technical so far are pretty good. The nine-period moving average is over the 14, but the MACD's are to decline. The stochastic is declining. On-balance volumes are declining. Relative strengths declining. The one indicator called the indicator of last resort is the 914, and it's still holding good in the daily chart, very strong in the weekly charts, all of them. Look at the S&P, Sbx.x, there we go. Holding really well. Price is way above the nine in the daily chart. The nine is over the 14, little black line there. This is in the inside track. Pro-pallin zone is right in the upper part of it. The MACD is starting to weaken. The stochastic is weakening at 70%. I love over 80%. I really think over 90%. Fabulous. That's what you want to see in a bull phase. On-balance volume, the blue line's coming down. We've got some short positions, even a long intermediate term, a long term, we're still very bullish. Just on the shorter term, we've got these positions, and they're working. What can I say? 438.95 up five on the QQQ. You can see very close to that 9p moving average flipping. It hasn't yet, but it looks like it could turn a negative weekly chart. It's going to peak C. I'll just explain that a little later on just basically in the Chapman Wave methodology. When I get a bicycle that's upgraded to a bi-mode, it says you should get to at least four higher peaks, going peak A is the first, B second, C is the third, and then at least a D, and then you have to assess what's going on. Look at the IWM, the Russell 2000. Still real no sign of leadership there. They've done okay, but they haven't done great. Not like the other indices. Let's go to gold. Gold itself is trading quite nicely up two and a half, when you consider the spectacular move from the 200p moving average in the data. Look at that. That orange line, whoosh, should go straight up from the 2000 level right to the 2200. Now it's pulling back 2163. No big deal, but it has taken 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sessions to consolidate, using time rather than price, holding steady, holding the inside track, propellant zone in the weekly chart, and it's at the peak C. There should still be a leg D to come. Looking at silver, here we go. Silver is trading. We've got it down 12 cents at 2525, but this is a peak C. As I say, there should be a leg D still to come. We can chart says, hey, this is very nice. We've seen a lot of these U-shaped patterns retrace and then fail, but so far the technicals in the daily chart are holding very nicely. High grade copper had a really screamer of a few days, and now it's still higher. 4.13, up 0.008. This is very strong action in the daily and the weekly. Monthly says, oh, yeah, we need a lot more before we're impressed. Let's go to the bonds. The bonds, and this is going to be very interesting, because bonds are down. That means yields are rallying. What's the Fed going to say? I mean, we can see that the inflationary aspect is still around. If you look at crude oil, crude oil is pushing high. That's usually a sign of some kind of inflation. Remember, crude oil is it filters into everything that we have. Just the petroleum products. I consider that the petroleum products of the 21st century are the chips on the new oils of the 1900s, the era of 1900, 2000. We've now gone to chips and chips are everywhere. Look at the chips, the SMHs, kind of stalling out a beautiful rally to 2.39.14 a week and a half ago. Now it's a 2.19, not a big deal, but it really is struggling. It just says to me that this is what my webinar is going to be about. This rotation from one sector to the other. Look at this BTC. BTC, Bitcoin futures, did a beautiful cup formation. It goes all the way from the 70,000s down to under 20,000s and back to the 70,000s, a new all-time high. This is a leg C. That means there should still be a D in this year, 2024, Bitcoin futures. But it's got a little dodgy candle with a peak E right here. It's got this topping formation in the daily chart. Does this mean that Bitcoin could finally have a bit of a breather, Bitcoin bit breather? We'll see because it's been spectacular. Look at this run. I mean, just almost a double in a month and a half. So is it also due for some kind of a break? What happens during the break? What's going to take the place of where will money go? Where will fund managers go if they take money out? Well, maybe they'll move back from the Bitcoin, go back into the gold. Well, we don't know, do we? Because look, the dollar is acting well. EUR USD, the euro-dollar currency pair. It's kind of struggling here under the 200-period moving average in the weekly chart. Yet the USD, JPY, that's the end. It's doing quite nicely. Look at that. It keeps coming back towards the 150s. There's a 149.11 right now. So this is going to be a very interesting end. Going into the end of March, beginning of February, April. April is going to be quite an interesting month, as far as I can see. So with that said, I wanted to do one other thing. I did the crude oil. Oh, the VIX index. Someone asked me about the VIX index. Yeah, look at the VIX index. It's been using this platform, this rising inside-track propellant zone as a platform. It says that fund managers are starting to buy some insurance. It's at 1429 in the lower range. But you can see, look, every week, higher lows and not always higher highs. But yeah, mostly higher highs. So it just says, be a little careful here. If there is a rotation, usually as rotations occur, you get some kind of a market pullback. And then you start to see which sectors are going to be. I'll be back in a moment. And I believe I'm in a check to see. I think I might have Steve Rhodes coming in. I hope so. Basil Chapman City for Tom and Brian, $152, S&P's at $43. We'll be right...


Hi, I'm Bill Lipscomb from NCAR's Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory. I'll be giving a talk at the NCAR Explorer Series on ice sheets and sea level rise. I hope you'll come and learn more about the Greenland Antarctic ice sheets and what complex, interesting things ice sheets are and how they're affecting the Earth's climate and sea level in ways that have very real impacts on people who live near the sea.


Hello, in this video we are going to reclassify a raster with a lookup table. We have this buildg layer and classes landfill, industry and mine need to be boolean true and the other classes need to be false. Of course we can do this with the raster calculator, but we can also use a lookup table. Go to the processing toolbox and choose reclassify by table and now we can add the table so we add enough rows to correspond with the number of input classes and we can define here the input values and we use the same for minimum and maximum because these are not ranges but numbers and in the value column we will define the output value. So starting from class number 3 the output value will be 1. If you have a continuous raster that you want to reclassify you can use here minimum and maximum value to define the range. What is important to change the range boundaries in this case is that it equals the minimum and the maximum and also in this case we use output data type byte because the output will be boolean and that fits within values from 0 to 255, the 8 bit values. So you've created the output with true for industry and false for no industry using the lookup table. Let's style this. I could simply paste the style from another boolean layer and edit the labels. So in this video you've learned how to reclassify a discrete raster using a lookup table to a boolean raster.


We know this isn't the only drought we're going to have in North Dakota droughts happen periodically. How can we increase our resilience to future droughts in our grazing systems? One of the keys is we want to make sure that our stocking rate is set right and we're not exceeding the carrying capacity of that pasture. Just monitoring and reevaluating that on a regular basis. We are in a drought situation making early adjustments to that stocking rate so that we can make sure that we're not overgrazing and putting additional stress on those grazing resources. Also if we can build resilience into our grazing system by implementing a rotational grazing system of some sort so that that builds recovery into that system because we have multiple pastures so we're not grazing one pasture for a whole season and that allows pastures to rest. If you have a rotational grazing system as you prepare for 2022, don't start in the pastures that got overgrazed the heaviest this year. Give those a chance to recover. Having a system like that helps us build recovery especially if you have a rest rotation system where one pasture isn't great every year then that gives you a stockpile of forage that you can utilize. Another really good option that's becoming more popular in North Dakota is the utilization of annual forages into our system and so behind us we have some cows that are grazing a full season cover crop. That's one option. A lot of people don't want to go with that option but there's a lot of shorter season options. So, planning a winter cereal such as a rye or triticale or a winter wheat that can be grazed in the spring and delay pasture turnout and give you a little more flexibility in your grazing system or we can do a fall cover crop that goes in after one of our earlier harvested crops and that gives just a little flexibility, some supplemental feed forage whether you graze it or hay it that gives us a little extra wiggle room within our system as we're managing that in any way we can increase that flexibility it helps increase that resilience of that system. Other thing is take advantage of some of our water development programs and making sure you have good water in all of your pastures and maybe even adding it to some of your cropland situations so that you can better utilize those for grazing annual forages. Right now because of the drought there have been several programs triggered that can help with cost share assistance. The state department of water resources has assistance program as well as some counties have assistance through their FSA through the emergency conservation program so contact your local FSA office and see what's available. Other options are just those more normal traditional ones that are always around such as the NRCS Equit program are some programs through some of our state agencies are non-government organizations such as Ducks Unlimited so be aware of those different options that you can utilize to increase your resilience within your system and enhance your ability to get through droughts in the future.


As-Salamu Alaikum Khawathina wa s-Sraat. Wasim As-Sin welcomes you to the first lecture of Marketing for Non-Profit Organizations, MKT 628, at the Virtual University of Pakistan. Whenever we talk about a non-profit organization or an NPO in its abbreviated form, we think to ourselves that we are talking about an organization which is not allowed to make any profits as cash-staffed. And because of the shortage of resources, this is not going to be able to fulfill its mission. This is not the case. This is a misconception. And the reason for this misconception lies in the very terminology for such organizations, i.e. non-profit organizations or NPO. The fact is that these organizations do make profits. They do have bank accounts. They do have passive investments. They do have assets and they do make money at the end of the day. Without having done that, these organizations just cannot survive. If that is the feature and the character of non-profit organizations, then the question is where is the difference between a non-profit organization and a commercial organization? Well, let me make a statement. And this statement is like definition of an NPO. A non-profit organization or, for that matter, a not-for-profit organization, another terminology used for such organizations, is an organization which does not distribute its surplus funds to its owners or shareholders. It instead keeps those funds to itself in order to promote its interests or in order to pursue its activities, to implement its programs which basically take place in the area of social welfare. The fact is that most governments and government agencies fall under the same demand but we do not classify governments and government agencies as NPO's. Examples of NPO's are charities and charitable organizations, trade associations, trade unions and arts organizations. Examples of charities and charitable organizations are manyfold in our society. We see dispensaries, hospitals and ambulances applying on the roads of the country, offering human services. These are all examples of charities and charitable organizations. Trade unions basically are meant to safeguard the interests of workers within their industries. Same is the case with trade associations which are basically meant to promote interests of their industries within their respective areas. They are meant to basically facilitate working of the industry in such a way that they achieve high efficiency to the benefit of all the stakeholders and members and players within that particular industry. Examples of the arts organization is museums. We have museums in our country and the fact is that the museums as nonprofit organizations thrive in the western societies. There are so many classical and historical manifestations of these kinds of organizations the world over. Another feature of NPO's is that in most of the countries of the world, if not all, they are exempt from income tax and property taxation. Now another question arises is if NPO's have these kind of features, what is the difference between an NPO and an NGO? Because NGOs could also seem to have similar features. The definition of an NGO by the World Bank is an organization which pursues its activities to relieve suffering of the poor and distressed which promotes interests of the poor which protects environment and which operates to offer some kind of basic social service and which works for community development programs. Now given these features and this definition of NGO, we find striking similarities between NGOs and NPO's. The answer is there's hardly any because of the striking similarities between the two organizations i.e. NPO's and NGOs. The features of NGOs are shared by NPO's and vice versa. So in other words what I have talked about NGOs can be easily put within the framework of NPO's and again vice versa. Common usage for the two organizations varies between countries. For example in America a non-profit organization is known as an NPO. In Australia a similar kind of organization would be known as an NGO. They do not choose the terminology of non-profit organization. However when these organizations go international whether having the source identity of an NPO or an NGO by going international and after having gone international they're known as NGOs. There's reason to that. The reason lies in the host country's government's inability or lack of ability to carry out certain social welfare programs. Because of the fact that NGOs operate within this social area they're out to improve the social welfare and develop communities in terms of those services which are not offered or are offered rather scantily by the host governments. NGOs fill the vacuum and because they share the responsibility with the governments they're known as non-government organizations and not as NPO's i.e. non-profit organizations. There's a growing movement among the non-profit sector to redefine the terminology which characterizes its basic character. Because NPO's seem to think that the very word non-profit is dysfunctional due to at least three factors. The first one is that it does not express the very purpose of the organization and rather it talks about something which it is not. And number two it focuses your mind on the word profit as being something very much opposed to the purpose of the organization. The purpose of the organization is to make profit in order to sustain itself, in order to survive and further implement its programs. Therefore the word non-profit creates a lot of confusion. It does not express the very purpose of the organization. The third reason is that it creates an impression as if the organization is short of financial resources and may not be able to fulfill its mission because it might run out of money anytime, which again is not the fact. There's a tremendous misconception and misperception about the character and about the purpose, about the mission of non-profit organizations due basically to the terminology which really bothers non-profit organizations. And given this fact, many organizations have started using different terminologies. There's a list of terminologies which is beyond the scope of discussion at the moment. However, two terminologies which are getting very popular nowadays are social benefit organizations and civil society organizations.  These terminologies as social benefit organization or civil society organization evoke very distinct images of organizations that are basically meant to create benefit, social benefits for the community at large and serve the civil society. So these are the two terminologies which are getting popular nowadays and replacing the terminology non-profit organization. However, in the context of this course, I'm going to refer to NPO all the time. Now the next question is, what is the role of marketing in NPO's? We know that marketing has started playing a very important role in the development of non-profit organizations. The emerging role owes its significance to certain fundamental developments that have taken place over the last few decades. And those developments are all about competition and emerging non-profit entities all over the world. Non-profits exist not only in the developed world but also in the developing countries. We have a lot of non-profit organizations within our country. So therefore these developments necessitate implementation of marketing programs that are compatible with the growing and changing non-profit environments. We all know that the basic character of marketing in any organization is all about bringing about a change in the behavior of its target audience so that they make more and more purchases of the organization's products. And you also know that we do that with the help of the different concepts and principles of marketing. If we were to summarize all those principles into one huge concept, then we can talk about variables of marketing mix responsible to bring about this kind of a change in behavior. We all have a thought of grounding in marketing and therefore I wouldn't like to go into details as far as the working of these principles is concerned. What is important here is that when you work as the marketing managers in any organization and are just about to launch a new product or introduce a new innovation for a product, you start always from within. In other words, what I'm talking about is the concept of internal marketing. As marketing people or as marketing managers, you have to start with the management of the company, the members of the board, the equity holders, all stakeholders who are going to be affected by introduction of that product. Until the time you can create that buy-in for the concept that you are talking about people within the organization and all those who are responsible for the well-being and the strategic direction of your organization, you just cannot move ahead with your plans and its implementation. And therefore you have to exercise the concept of internal marketing. You have to carry everybody along with you. Determining the strategic direction, implementing the strategies and achieving marketing and overall business goals is the responsibility of marketing department in coordination with other departments, of course. But the fact is that as part of internal marketing, you have to sell the idea to all the people and stakeholders I've talked about in a way that they're convinced about the introduction of that particular product you have plans about and plans for. After you've done that, you also know the next step. I think what you see in the marketplace is the manifestation of the next concept which is known as external marketing. The principles of marketing are the summarized huge concept of the variables of marketing mix come into play. It is because of the design and the features and the character of the product that you are able to convince your customers to buy that. Therefore, you are in a position to bring about a change in their behavior. The behavioral change is either in the form of conversion. They were using some other product and they have converted to yours or they have strengthened their belief into your product. They're more convinced and they have a conviction that your product is superior and therefore they will stick to your product. Then you price the product in order to bring about a change in the behavior. If customers are convinced that you are offering the right price, they will buy that after having made a change in their behavior. The change is either in the form of conversion or reinforcement, like I said earlier. Similarly, you bring about a change in their behavior when you place the product, meaning by view of distribution, by convincing your customers that you are very close to where they are. Then you promote the product again in order to bring about a change in their behavior. This is how external marketing manifests itself in the marketplace. The whole idea is to bring about a change in the behavior of your customers and that is the basic character of marketing, like I said earlier. What happens in nonprofits? The fact of the matter is that the challenges in nonprofit organizations are even greater. Because management people within the nonprofit organizations have to deal with so many different kinds of publics. Those publics are defined as their shareholders or equity holders, the board of directors, the top management of the company, the target market, which is very much concerned about the outcome of the program to which NPOs intend undertaking. They also have to take into confidence governments, governmental agencies. They have to deal with media because they want coverage and they want positive leverage from the media. And given the variables in terms of different publics, the job of a marketing manager within an NPO is full of challenges, which are even greater than that of a commercial marketing manager. A commercial marketing manager is responsible to sell a particular product which is a tangible thing. Whereas the marketing manager of an NPO is responsible to implement a program, the results of which might take years and years. It is very difficult to measure those results and therefore the challenges I've talked about. Marketing therefore has to play a very significant role in nonprofits and people within the nonprofit organizations need to have a thorough grounding in the principles of marketing as they apply to nonprofit organizations. Now this is something which is going to be the content of the whole course. And as against tangible products or services because we are basically going to talk about the programs which nonprofit organizations are supposed to come up with and then implement those for the benefit of the society in order to improve social welfare, in order to bring about a change in their living standards, in order to bring about a change in their social behavior so that they are better citizens, they are responsible citizens and they act in a way which is very much in line with the requirements of modern societies. Marketing and marketing mindset therefore are very critical to the success of nonprofits. The fact is that challenges are enormous and given this enormity of challenges, all the stakeholders within nonprofit organizations have to have thorough grounding in the principles of marketing as they apply to nonprofit environment. So in other words we can say that the growth and dynamics of nonprofit sector demand that managers have got to be highly professional and managerial professionalism should take precedence over just voluntary association of donors. It is not the case that the association of donors as voluntary work is going to suffice. No, it is going to be a teamwork, it is going to be a cooperative effort and it is going to be a total professional initiative which is required in order to make nonprofit organizations a great success. In that light this course is going to seek insights into certain objectives which I am going to talk about one by one. First of all we have to understand the fundamental difference of character between nonprofits and commercial organizations and develop a base for marketing management of the nonprofit sector. I have given you an overview of the fundamentals and the background as nonprofit has emerged on the scene. And I am now going to talk about the details in the coming lectures. As a second objective we have to understand important aspects of the nonprofit sector. There are two important aspects or dimensions known as social marketing and cause marketing. I am going to talk about these two areas in detail because without having developed an understanding of these two areas our understanding of nonprofits is not going to be complete. We are going to look into nonprofits engagement with the governmental and the private sectors. The reason I talk about the governmental and private sectors is because in terms of social marketing NPO's could have to deal with the governments because of the fact that they operate in the social areas and many of the areas are the ones which should be entertained by the governments since nonprofit organizations jump in they have to deal with the governments. I talk about the private sector engagement with the nonprofits because NPO's could have to deal with the private sector when they undertake cause marketing. I will be talking in detail about social marketing and cause marketing the two important aspects because like I said earlier our understanding is not going to be complete without having learned these two areas. The third objective is to develop skills to better influence all the different public's meaning individuals, associations, the corporate sector and the government. The fact is that their behavior is very important for the success of the nonprofit sector and therefore we have to cultivate all these public's. The fourth objective is all about developing an understanding of the fact that nonprofits are at a competitive market stage. This is a very interesting statement that I have made. The fact is that there are so many nonprofits nowadays that there is a lot of competition among them and when I talk about competition among nonprofits you have to look at it from the standpoint of donors and funders. There are so many nonprofits working for so many different noble causes and social welfare programs that the donors and funders have to make a choice who to fund and who not to fund and therefore gone is the stage when nonprofit organizations depended solely on philanthropy. Instead of philanthropy or let's put it this way in addition to that nonprofit organizations have to depend more on competitive marketing strategies in order to generate funds instead of just philanthropy. So this is something which really makes it very clear why in the first place we need to have a grounding in the principles of marketing for nonprofit organizations. To be more effective we also have to have know-how for the marketing research because without marketing research we cannot generate relevant information about our target market. Just like we carry out marketing research in commercial organizations and for commercial products for social welfare programs because we also have to carry out marketing research without which we cannot move ahead. The fact of the matter is that the usage of research in relation to NPOs is at a higher level than it may be in case of commercial organizations. I've not made a statement that is just a way of emphasizing the importance of marketing research in the NPO sector and there's a reason for that. You need to understand the kind of change of behavior you are wanting to bring about. If you were to undertake a program against smoking meaning to convince smokers not to smoke you need to know why smokers think the way they do and why they act the way they do. In order to make decisions about that program you need to have all that information which can be generated only through marketing research. There is no other way. The next objective is to develop an understanding of target markets behavior patterns. Now this is a continuation of the objective which I talked in terms of marketing research. We have to develop ability to understand different segments of the market. The whole public at large cannot be our market. Just like in commercial markets we know what target market we are going after. Similarly in the non-profit sector we also have to be very clear about the segments we want to cover. Going back to the example of anti-smoking campaign you've got to earmark whether you want to deal with people starting with the age of 16 up to 24 or a different segment, a larger segment. Similarly if you were to carry out a program about family planning you've got to earmark very explicitly the segment which you want to approach and you've got to be very clear about the demographics and so many other factors which are going to be helpful in defining the segment and then approaching that particular segment. All this has to be done from the standpoint of customer centeredness and branding. The reason I talk about branding is because your NPO has got to be known for its brand name. Just think about the different human services organizations within Pakistan and you will know what I'm talking about. Just try to look at a couple of hospitals which offer different kinds of healthcare services in Lahore, in Karachi and you will know what I'm talking about. The reason we need to have a thorough grounding in branding is because we are talking about a competitive market stage in which there are so many other players and we've got to approach our donors and funders in a way that because of our strong brand and because of integrity they choose us as an organization they want to donate to. The next objective is to give a strategic context to fund raising. This again owns to the competitive market stage and we've got to approach the whole area as a set of strategies which are going to bring in requisite funds. Of course NPO's nowadays have many ways to generate funds. NPO's do not solely depend upon philanthropy or donations. They get into commercial enterprises as well and that is something I'm going to talk about later but we have to give a strategic context to the whole effort that we undertake as part of fund raising. The next objective is to develop the savvy for generating revenue and yet not deviating from the core mission of the non-profit organization. Let me throw some more light on this statement or this objective. Like I said in the preceding objective or as part of the explanation of the preceding objective that the non-profit organizations also venture into commercial enterprises because they want to generate funds and they want to sustain themselves. Now this is very much a continuation of the very first statement that I made at the beginning of the lecture. Non-profit organizations have to make profits in order to sustain themselves until they make profits they just cannot survive. They are meeting their demise in the absence of profits and is some financial base. So what happens is many non-profits are getting into those ventures which are very closely related to their primary area of operation. There are examples of hospitals getting into fitness centers in the western world in particular. I don't know of any example within our country but this is something which is happening in the United States for example. Museums are selling artwork. They are selling paintings at very high prices because they want to sustain themselves. As a matter of fact foundations which are part of those organizations responsible for running day to day operations of non-profit organizations find this kind of activity profitable in the sense that they can sustain themselves or they can make their operations go on a daily basis in a healthy way. The next objective is to manage the media and attain public advocacy to leverage organizations' marketing effort. Why I say that or why do we need to have an understanding of the media's support and the support of public advocates because we want total leverage and we will not get leverage until the time we have a strong brand name until the time we have a very high level of integrity until the time publics at large, the way I indicated earlier are convinced that we are an NPO to be reckoned with. We are an NPO that has to be sustained for the betterment of the society. The next objective is preparing marketing plan for a non-profit entity with complete strategic framework including strategies on communication, distribution and pricing. This strategic plan is going to consist of different programs. It is not going to consist of different tangible products. It is going to consist of different programs which are meant to bring about betterment of social welfare. Having talked about these objectives I will now move ahead with formal understanding of the course and discussions on different concepts which are going to form the total content of the course. The content of the course is going to be divided into different modules. One module or for that matter one component is going to consist of either one concept or a set of closely related concepts. I am going to talk about objectives for discussing those concepts. Once I have given you the objectives I will go down to the narrative. After having given the narrative for those objectives I will conclude the module or the component and then move on to the next one. This is how the whole understanding of the course is going to take place in 45 lectures and starting with the module one it will be going up to as many modules as it is going to take in terms of the concepts that we are going to learn as part of the total course. Starting with the first module we have got to know some basics about non-profit organizations. Having given you the overall concept let me now talk about the objectives of the module which we want to learn in detail. The first objective is to understand what an NPO is and I think by now we have a pretty good understanding of what an NPO is through the overview that it gives you. The second objective is to know what are the areas in which non-profits operate. The third one is what is the driving force in a non-profit organization. How do non-profits fund themselves is the fourth objective. Are non-profits not supposed to make profits at all? It is the fifth objective and the last one is what happens to profits if non-profits do generate profits. Now having talked about all these areas in the preceding part of the lecture I would be touching upon these objectives in the form of a narrative briefly because I wouldn't like to repeat what I have talked about earlier. What is a non-profit organization is known to all of us an NPO is the one which does generate profit but is not allowed to distribute those profits. That's a mandate to that organization. The organization is supposed to keep those profits to itself because it would be needing to reinforce all the programs which it has initiated for betterment of the social setup and for the success of those programs all those profits are going to be plowed back into the operation. As part of what is an NPO we also have to understand classification of NPO's. How do we classify NPO's? Well, we do that as charities, as foundations and as associations. It is very interesting to note that charities are full of a diverse array of different kinds of organizations. Dispensaries, hospitals, education setups then we have public radios and television then we have religious organizations then we have human services, etc. All these organizations, although very diverse in nature in character and in features are part of charities and charitable organizations. In foundations we have individuals, we have groups, we have corporations. The reason we have foundations is because foundations happen to be the parental setup of the different non-profit organizations and the basic responsibility that foundations and trust upon themselves is the generation of funds. Whether they have staff within the foundation responsible for generating funds or they delegate that responsibility to the marketing people within the NPO which is an extension of that foundation or a part of that foundation is something to be developed as something to be decided by the foundation but the fact remains that the foundations consist of individuals they may consist of families, they may consist of groups and they may consist of corporations or just one corporation. Then we have associations I think I did touch upon associations in terms of trade associations and trade unions. We have the different kinds of associations the basic character of which is to promote the interests of the industry within which they operate. I mean if there is an association within the healthcare area then the basic responsibility of that association to facilitate the working of the particular organization to the organizations which are part of that association not one organization rather the combination of all the organizations or in other words the members of that association in order to facilitate not just the working but creating conditions favorable for the target audience. So this is the classification of NPO's and the different kinds of organizations that you may end up working with is going to fall within the domain of either charities or foundations or associations. The next objective is the areas in which the NPO's could operate as you can see from this slide NPO's operate in the areas of healthcare in education, in human services, in culture and in environment. Just to give you a little bit of explanation of all these areas healthcare consists of dispensaries and hospitals and we have a lot of examples of these kind of entities within our society. If you run your mind through this healthcare sector there are so many hospitals which will immediately pop up into your mind. When it comes to education I think the best example that I can give you of the education sector is this very university of which you are a student a huge non-profit organization. Then we have human services. As part of human services again there are a couple of organizations which operate nationwide in our country and I don't really have to name them to let you know what I'm talking about but immediately you will know the kind of service they provide and the setup they have and the characteristics they are full of. The next area in which NPO's operate is culture. There are so many movements in the name of culture. One example of which is the preservation of old cities or old parts of different cities and international NPO's or NGOs for that matter are the ones which are responsible for certain projects in our country. Then there is the area of environment. The basic responsibility that NPO's take upon themselves is to protect environment and when you hear about certain activists talking against the felling of trees only because the government wants to widen a certain road is an example of NPO's operating in the areas of environment. After having given you an explanation of the areas in which NPO's operate could we now move on to the next objective which is about the driving force in the non-profit organizations. This is a very important objective and the narrative which I can give you is that it is the nobleness of the cause which is at the heart of the purpose of a non-profit organization. So the nobility of the cause is something which drives the certain people to carry out a certain cause and accomplish results in order to achieve a welfare of the community. How does it happen? Well, it all starts within a community. There are certain people who you can call activists and within those activists or among those activists there are certain people who are community leaders. Community leaders along with other activists are the ones who are impassioned with a certain cause. They take the responsibility to undertake that cause as a project and then see to it that their efforts reach the logical conclusion. The meaning, they go for certain programs and they implement those programs in order to achieve their overall goals. Just like commercial managers like to fulfill their commercial goals in terms of the profitability, here it is the accomplishment and fulfillment of the purpose of the NPO or the mission of the NPO. So at the heart of the NPO is the fulfillment of the mission and not the profitability. This is a statement which I would like to make. It is the mission which drives the NPO and not profitability. We're not talking about dividends. We're not talking about different financial ratios which are the main concern of equity holders and the members of the board of any commercial organization. Here in the context of NPO's or NGOs, we are concerned about a mission and fulfillment of a mission might take a number of years. It might not take a very long time but generally it takes a lot of patience, perseverance on part of the activists to reach the logical conclusion, the meaning accomplishment of the mission. Another important thing which I would like to talk about, the ability of the mission is that it does bring with itself a lot of complexities. NPO's deserve a lot of appreciation in terms of being very high on the moral ground and they command a lot of respect for being driven by the nobility of the purpose but the fact is there are a lot of complexities which they have to face. One of the complexities is the size of the NPO. If the size of the NPO is small, it becomes quite very difficult for the organization to operate very efficiently. For the simple reason that however the level of funding they have, they may be short on human resource because of being small on size, they may not have the kind of human resource commercial organizations have. The many responsibilities and jobs that may be carried out by the members of the board are the activists who started the NPO or the NGO and therefore proposing greater challenges to the members of the organization than their counterparts on the commercial side. If an NPO happens to be large, it certainly is organized and its movements and plans executed according to the principles and philosophy exercised among their counterparts on the commercial side. So what I'm saying is just like a commercial organization is a collection of different resources which are put together to accomplish different sets of overall business goals, different kinds of efforts and resources are also put together in a coordinated manner and fashion and non-profit organizations for the accomplishment of their mission. So what I'm saying is if an NPO happens to be large, it is planned, organized and its activities are executed in just about the same way as those things are done in commercial organizations, which again is a big challenge. But this challenge is not just the challenge of management and execution. This is accompanied by the challenge of generating funds to which people within an NPO have to do side by side. It is not a commercial organization to where the marketing and sales people are responsible for selling products and thereby generating funds to which automatically are transferred to company accounts. This is a question of delivering a certain service for betterment of society and a question of accomplishment of the mission which takes a long time and the amount of money that you need for doing all that does not come to you by selling something that money comes to you from the funders, from the donors and I said earlier as part of the objectives which I was talking about one by one that generation of funds also has to be a very, very strategic formulation because unless we have a very strategic mindset to generate funds we may not be able to generate the amount of funds or the level of funding which is required in order to accomplish our mission. The next objective or the question which I talked about as part of the module module number one is how do NPO's fund themselves? I did talk about funding a lot just a moment ago but there has to be a method to this funding exercise or this funding process. We know that it has to be a very strategic exercise but the question is what are the kind of moves and what are the kind of strategies which NPO's could have at their disposal. Well NPO's deal with international agencies, the deal with federal and local governments and the deal with the corporate sector in order to raise funds. Last but not the least the deal with foundations which I talked about earlier. Foundations being the parental entity of NPO's in case NPO's are controlled and monitored by certain foundations. International agencies could come into play because there are certain causes which are addressed and supported by international agencies the world over. So if an international agency is supporting a certain cause in other countries there is every chance that that international agency will support the same cause in our country as well. So that is how international agencies come into play. The next one in the list is federal and local governments. Governments offer financial assistance in areas that are primarily their responsibility. So in other words the responsibilities that NPO's shared with the governments are the ones in which they find contributions from the government side because they know that basically it should have been their responsibility and since NPO's are sharing the burden let us offer contributions and help them accomplish their objectives. Then we have foundations and associations that did talk about this earlier. Foundations get involved basically because of purely altruistic purpose. They are impassioned with certain causes and they want to see to it that all those causes get addressed and they accomplish their mission. Then we have the corporate sector as the one contributing to financial matters to NPO's. This area is the one I hinted upon earlier and NPO's get involved with the corporate sector when they are collectively addressing a certain cause. This falls within the domain of cost marketing which I am going to talk about in detail in one of the following lectures but the fact is that the corporate sector gets involved to its own benefit. When they get involved they are known as entities that undertake social responsibility and they want to appear as socially responsible citizens. The non-profit sector also gains through contributions made by the corporate sector. So there are four sources of funding which I have talked about and to summarize the one is the international agencies, the second one is the governments, the third one is the foundations and the fourth one is the corporate sector. It's a combination of the different financial sources which are provided to the non-profit sectors. The reasons for which these contributions are made are very, very clear to us there is a certain social mission for which everybody is working and anybody who contributes towards that contributes on the basis of a certain rationale and that's what we have learnt. The next two objectives as part of the module are what happens to profitability meaning our non-profits are not supposed to make profits at all and if they do generate profits what happens to them. That is why I said what happens to profitability. Well we all know that any organization at the end of the day has to make certain profits because if it does not make profits it will go into red and when it goes into red it will not survive. That will be the beginning of its demise. So we have to keep in mind that non-profits can have to make profits in order to sustain themselves. The question here is not whether they should or can make profits or not. The question here is what happens to those profits and I think you know the answer by now. The profits are withheld. Those are plowed back into the operation in order to reinforce their programs. Distribution of profits is prohibited. That is something that we have to keep in mind. NPOs we also have to keep in mind have no limitation on the areas they operate in and therefore they can choose an area in which they can price their services and that is why you see many dispensaries and hospitals where there are certain services which are free of charge and there are certain services which are charged. The services could be a combination of free and charged services but the point to note here is that pricing at an NPO is not worked out in the traditional way of the pricing methods. In other words, there is nothing like the cost plus pricing kind of a traditional model. The prices are subsidized and the subsidies are compensated by funding which you get from the sources that I just talked about. So this is something that we have to keep in mind. After having talked about all these five or six objectives as part of the module and having given you the narrative of these objectives I am all now set to give you the conclusion which is going to wrap up module number one. The first and the foremost important thing that we have learned is that a non-profit organization is not the one which is not allowed to make profits. It is the one which should make profits but profits are not meant to be distributed among equity holders or shareholders. The profits are supposed to be kept back within the company for further programs. Another thing that we have learned is and which is of very high importance that non-profits are all about mission accomplishment and not about profitability. They need to generate profits to sustain themselves but mission accomplishment is the purpose of the organization. The mission is always directed at doing something good to the society. It generally seeks a behavioral change for example working against smoking against abuse of child labor or creating awareness of traffic rules in a bid to change driving habits to selling products and services with concentration on the mission to serve. This is something very important about the non-profit organizations. Classified as charities, foundations, associations, trusts and corporations etc. Non-profits offer services in the areas of education, healthcare, human services, environment and culture. Another conclusion that we can draw from this discussion is that the NPOs are driven by the nobility of a cause. There are people within communities who take upon themselves to undertake a cause and then work for it. They try to generate funds for that particular cause and make the contribution by themselves and get contributions from others and the sources of those contributions we also have learned are international agencies, governments. Then we have foundations and then the corporate sector. This nobility of purpose by itself is not enough to sustain an organization however small it may be, NPOs are organized on the lines and philosophy their commercial counterparts are organized. Meaning that there is a coordinated effort in terms of putting together different resources to run the organization. Keeping NPOs solvent is a great challenge and it is for that challenge that the people, the meaning sponsors of NPOs are busy all the time not only implementing their programs but also generating funds for the purpose. This is all I had to say about module number one in the hope that it has made a lot of sense to all of us. I look forward to seeing you in the next lecture. Thank you very much and hudahafiz.