Only a few months after being released from their house arrest, Lori Lawlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli splurged on a $13 million dollar family vacation home in Palm Desert, California in 2021. It seems the star couple wasted no time returning to the elite society lifestyle because aside from this, a year prior they had already bought a main residence in Hidden Hills for $9.5 million dollars. Their main home is a newly built modern farmhouse, spanning almost 12,000 square feet of space, tucked away in the exclusive Ashley Ridge Enclave. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Lori Lawlin is an actress and producer best known for her role as Rebecca, or Aunt Becky, on the hit ABC sitcom Full House, as well as its more recent Netflix reboot Fuller House. Lori and her fashion designer husband Mossimo Giannulli have been married since 1997 and have a couple of children together. We know that the famous parents spent plenty of their money getting their daughters into USC, but despite the infamous college admission scandal, Lori and her husband were said to be worth about $70 million dollars of 2021. However, those finances likely took a bit of a hit due to the said scandal as the couple sold their former mansion at a staggering loss in 2020. Regardless, it doesn't seem Lori is hurting for cash considering the Hidden Hills family home they bought the same year, as well as the La Quinta Vacation mansion she and Mossimo bought for $13 million dollars in 2021. Since I'm sure you're all too familiar with the admission scandal and the sentencing, today we're focusing instead on the couple's lavish real estate. Hey guys, it's Kara the Vampire Slayer, back with another exclusive house tour here in Famous Entertainment, in this one looking at where Lori Lawlin calls home. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit me up on Instagram to chat. Now let's get into this video. In 2020, despite awaiting their prison terms and sentencing, Lori and Mossimo were preparing for a change of scenery through the purchase of a brand new house in the exclusive Hidden Hills area of Los Angeles. The famed guard gated Enclave is best known for its many celebrity residents, including the likes of the Kardashian Jenner clan, Drake, and Lori's close friend and former TV husband, John Stamos, just to name a few. Lori and Mossimo paid $9.5 million dollars for the brand new residence, tucked away in the posh Ashley Ridge area of Hidden Hills on a quiet cul-de-sac. The couple is the first to occupy the new home, which was built in a contemporary farmhouse style and spans almost 12,000 square feet of space inside. The 1.57 acre estate also boasts six bedrooms and nine baths, while listing materials described as a fresh take on luxury country living. Fancy as their new family home may be, it's decidedly a downgrade from their former Bel Air compounds, but we'll check that out later and you can be the judge. Walking up to the mansion, the exterior of the home boasts a mix of wooden white stucco, as well as clean lines in its design. The trendy two-tone blend home then opens into a massive entryway with soaring ceilings and clear story windows. The open-plan design continues into the common living spaces, where there's a great room with marble fireplace, skylights, and French doors out to the ground. The color scheme of these main living spaces offers plenty of warm tones with cream-colored walls and maple hardwood flooring, while white and black furnishings blend well together. The dining room with room for at least 12 sits across from a temperature-controlled wine closet, and nearby is the stylish chef's kitchen. Lori's family kitchen sports custom white cabinets, marble counters, and of course, top-grade appliances. There's snack bar-style seating and another casual table to dine at, along with another open-plan family room, while nearly the entire space opens through walls of glass sliders to blend indoor and outdoor living. Of course, here there's a sprawling-cover dining terrace with views over the hills and the San Fernando Valley. Just looking at this modern space with its long list of amenities, you already know that Lori and her family aren't sacrificing any of the luxuries they're used to. Other features in the mansion include a home gym, a plush movie theater, and an office, which could also be used as a film studio for the couple's YouTube-famous daughter, beauty guru Olivia Jade. As for Lori and Mosimo's master retreat, it's complete with a fireplace of its own, a balcony, and of course, a crisp, nearly all-white bathroom. Outback, aside from the handy dining terraces and patios, there's an infinity pool and spa, all of which showcases the amazing views. While that Hidden Hills estate was certainly nice to go home to after serving some time, Lori and Mosimo treated themselves yet again in September 2021, when they purchased a new family vacation mansion in Palm Desert, California. This retreat cost Aunt Becky $13 million, and it's located within the exclusive Madison Club, a guard-gated La Quinta golf community, which is known for being elite. It's also known for its Tom Fazio-designed golf course, fancy homes and impressive list of celeb residents, such as Cindy Crawford, Kris Jenner, Courtney Kardashian, and more. The new mansion is about three hours away from Lori's main family home by car, just outside of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Inside, the home boasts 9,300 square feet of space with five beds and 5.5 baths throughout. The ultra-modern estate was built on spec and offers features like an attached garage and easy maintenance landscaping, including faux grass and draught-resistant plantings. The resort-like home has a courtyard dividing the house's two main structures, and the courtyard itself has its own reflecting pool and film projector for movie nights under the stars. In fact, the luxury home has not one but two pools, and the one at the back is an infinity-style pool, which is substantially larger with spas on either side. Lori's family getaway is what you'd expect from a Madison Club mansion if you're familiar. Super open plan with soaring ceilings and walls of glass aplenty. The open layout combines most of the public rooms into one sprawling great area with stone floors underfoot and, of course, the retractable walls of glass, which create a seamless indoor-outdoor flow. This main great room has everything from a lounge area to a full marble bar on one side with one TV and a chic fireplace and second-mounted TV on the other. Other features inside this modern paradise include more wet bars, a wine cellar, a movie theater, a powder room with a light-up sink, as well as a master bath for the couple that's fully decked out in upscale marble, including the entire shower. The property also has a fully functioning guest house with kitchen, living room, and more. Out on the grounds, aside from the two impressive pools, there's a sitting area surrounding a central fire pit, which overlooks the stunning mountains in the distance. While all of that is just fine and dandy for Lori and Mossimo, and I'm sure super thrilling after getting a taste of what prison was like, let's not forget they still had a major loss on the sale of their former family mansion in 2020. While this mansion was much larger than the home they're living in now, it seems that the couple wanted to cut ties with their longtime neighborhood of Bel Air in Los Angeles. At the time, they also resigned their memberships to the Bel Air Country Club in the process. And after that scandal, who could blame them? Buyer of Lori's former family home was Tinder co-founder Justin Matine, who has quite the real estate portfolio already, and he's scored this spread at a mega discount. While Lori was hoping for a reported $28.7 million for the mansion, after already cutting the price from their hopeful $35 million asking, said that Matine only paid $18 million in the end. At that price, Lori and Mossimo suffered a major loss. Not to mention, they paid $14 million for the mansion in June 2015, further spending a fortune to renovate and upgrade every square inch of the property. Anyways, while living here, Lori and her husband transformed the .69 acre property into a casual contemporary style. The walled and fully aided estate overlooks the golf course, while inside the Mediterranean-esque villa spans about 12,000 square feet of space. There's also seven beds and nine baths throughout, and a grand double foyer with patterned stone flooring and wall of glass doors that lead outside. A great room on the main level of the mansion opens to the backyard, while the other side opens to a courtyard with Laplaine swimming pool with stylish fountains. Other highlights of Lori's former ballerina estate include a gourmet kitchen with chef-grade appliances, a full bar room beside the swimming pool, and a stylish master suite with dual baths and closets. There's also a gym, a library office, and plenty of fireplaces throughout. Well, three luxury homes later, and I think it's time to wrap up this Lori Lawland house tour. I have to say, it must be nice to come home from serving time to your choice of two homes, but given the lavish lifestyle of Lori and her husband, I'm not surprised. Out of the three properties we looked at, which was most your style? Be sure to let me know your pick down in the comments. Thanks for watching, follow me on Instagram to chat, and I'll catch you all in another video. Bye!


This is stock number 9677. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Ram headquarters in Wisconsin. Remember, we are the guys with the trucks on 41. Today we are taking a look at the super clean 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab long box. This vehicle has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. From this HD video, you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around. No dents or dings on that front bumper. Factory fog lights. The headlights are nice and clear. True blue metallic is the color. Like to point out that we shoot all of our videos in 1080p, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me. It has the 20 inch blacked out painted rims.  The hood is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. Passenger side front fender is in nice shape as well. Passenger side rim, no scuffs, no scrapes on that.  How reflective and mirror-like that paint is. You take these HD videos, so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So a lot of these trucks out of state, so that's why another reason why we do the videos, so you can get the most accurate representation, so when you get here there's absolutely no surprises. Now the back tires look like they have right around half the tread left, not quite as much as the front tires. Frame and underbody on this truck is in excellent shape and for full disclosure, this back rim is in nice shape as well, and we take a look up at the frame here. Frame and underbody is in really nice condition. And so are the rockers. As we come around to the back of the truck, no dents or dings on that rear bumper. It does have a full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in really nice shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on that, and it has a very nice spree and bed liner. The bed itself is in nice shape. It has the Gooseneck fifth wheel prep package, and of course the seven pin wiring on the box. This one also has the cargo cam, which doesn't do you much good with the cap on it, but when the cap's off you can look at the bed, which I'll show you in a minute, but it has an ARE cap that's in nice condition, color matched to the true blue metallic. Four full disclosure, this back rim very nice as well, no scuffs or scrapes on that. And as we go down this side of the truck, you can see it's just as clean as the other side. No dents, no dings. It does have the fold-out tow mirrors. They fold out like that, and then they power fold in, which we'll check out here. Space, you just press this button right here, and they power fold in. Then they power fold out as well. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors, auto headlamps. The SLT package gives you the gray cloth interior. There are no rips, there are no tears on these seats. They're in really nice condition. It has the 40-20-40 split bench seating, and we have weather tech floor mats throughout on this truck. As we hop inside here, you can see that this truck has 49,854 miles. It has the 7-inch TFT display. Digital spinometer, compass, outside temp. It has a leather wrapped steering wheel. Bluetooth on the left, cruise controls on the right. Information center controls on the left has the six-speed automatic transmission. Turned out four-wheel drive factory brake controller. We have stability control, a tow haul mode, factory exhaust brake, and then your backup sensors. You can turn those off and on. And then we have the 8.4 touch screen radio. Now this radio does not have navigation, however, you can add navigation to this vehicle for 5.95. And you would just do that through your apps and everything here. Looking at the controls, this is where you can check out your cargo cam. Now bear with me, has a cap on it, so it's not going to look like anything, but if the cap wasn't on there, it would be looking right at the bed of your truck, so that you can keep an eye on what's going on in the bed of your truck. Up here, we have the power side and rear window, the homelink system with your garage door security systems and lighting systems, and then the 911 and assist buttons are on the mirror there. Hard to see, but those are always active with the vehicle. No rips or tears on the passenger seat, and we have that weather tech format on that side as well. Oh, one last thing. This does have a backup camera too, but that's up in the mirror, so you just put in reverse to check that out. We'll take a quick look at the back seats, and then we will check out under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips or tears back here. Power slide and rear window has a latch child safety system for your car seats, no rips or tears, has in-floor storage with the removable bins, and then you do have storage underneath here. There's the sleeve for the receiver hitch, the reducer fuel, and we'll take a quick look under the hood. I'd like thank you for checking out the video today. Hopefully from this video, you'll be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean, really nice. All the way around under the hood, we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel, engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safety dead and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked, popped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it, we got it. Go to our website www.summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot, videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com. If you want to check out just our used inventory, you can go to truckson41.com, that's truckson41.com.  Ask for one of our sales associates to make this super clean 2015 Ram yours today. Once again, that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And if you'd like to check out more videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. It links more heavy duty truck videos like this one on your right. And if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website, click those check us out. We really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Long Box Diesel. Thanks again.


Thank you Father Dave. You know, I knew Father Dave when he was a student here at Steubenville. He looked different. Look better now. I'm so happy and excited to be with you here at this conference and I have to tell you that when I walked in the door this morning, really I felt like I just came into a wall of the father's pride and joy in you. I just tangibly felt it the moment I walked in the door. Just the father's heart bursting with joy for you. So I'm happy to be here for that reason and also because this is the first priest conference as you, I think you know, since Father Francis Martin passed away and he was hugely important in my life. He is the one because of whom I first fell in love with the Word of God and I know he's hugely important in the lives of many of you. I don't know how many priest conferences he was the main speaker for, but something like 15 or more, 20 maybe? How many of you were here at the first one that that he did or one of the first ones that he did? A few of you. Praise God. Well last year was a big year, wasn't it? Because it was the 50th anniversary of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal and it was the year that Father Mike Scanlon went home to the father in January and then another dear friend of mine, Father Peter Hawken, went home to the father in June and then Father Francis Martin in August. Three giants. So you know I can feel so little trying to walk in their footsteps and maybe you do too, but I just thank God for the incredible example and blessing that they were in my life and the lives of so many of you and so many other people. So I just, I stand in awe of what God did through them and I see God continuing what he's been doing and doing new things that are just as awesome and exciting as what he has done over the last 51 years of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. So my talk is that our joy may be complete and I'm sure you recognize that that phrase is from the first letter of John which says at the beginning, that which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon and touched with our hands concerning the word of life. The life was made manifest and we saw it and testified to it and proclaimed to you the eternal life which was with the Father and was made manifest to us. That which we have seen and heard, we proclaim also to you so that you may have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ. And we are writing this that our joy may be complete. You see from these words that John is overflowing with joy. It's almost like he's tripping over his words. He's repeating himself. It's ungrammatical. He's just overflowing with the amazement of the fact that he has heard and seen and touched the word of life. He's experienced fellowship with the living God, the Father, and with Jesus, His Son. And despite the fact that this joy of fellowship with God is overflowing, there's something more he wants. His joy is just uncontainable, but there's one more thing he wants. He wants to share it with others. And he said, that's why I'm writing to you. I want to invite you into it. And it's only when I invite you into it and you also come into this incredible fellowship with God that our joy will be complete. Our fellowship with God comes in and through fellowship with one another. They're inseparable. I mean what what John is describing here is something that it doesn't happen apart from fellowship with one another. Nobody has perfect communion with God and lives isolated from other human beings. They they go hand in hand. And he's saying, this is the joy that God has for you. The joy of experiencing a deep fellowship with one another, which is a share in the very life and love of the Trinity. It's that fellowship that gives joy.  I know one of the charismatic communities, the people of hope in New Jersey named their high school koinonia because they they just recognize the depth of meaning of this word. It means fellowship. It means communion, participation, a deep personal union, a sharing in the very being of the other. It's the same word that we translate as communion for the Eucharist. Paul says, the cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a koinonia in the blood of Christ? A sharing in his very being. The bread that we break, is it not a koinonia in the body of Christ? And there's something in every human being that aches for fellowship. We're created for fellowship. It's written into our very bodies as male and female. We're designed for a communion of persons, for a relationship in which we are known and loved and we love in return. And John is saying, having that desire fulfilled, not only on an earthly level but on a vertical level, is the most unspeakable joy that can come to a human being. Fellowship, intimacy, friendship with God the Father and with his son. You might wonder in that quotation from one John, where's the Holy Spirit? The Holy Spirit doesn't appear there at all. But actually he does because he is the fellowship. He is the koinonia between the Father and the Son, and therefore he is our koinonia with the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is the love that eternal, unimaginable love that unites the Father and the Son. So I believe that this retreat, this whole week, and this evening as we move from the talk into our time of worship and ministry and then Eucharistic Adoration is an invitation to enter more deeply into that fellowship and to allow the Lord to remove any obstacles. Tonight I think he wants to free us from obstacles, some that we may be aware of, some we may not even be aware of, that keep us from the depth of fellowship that God has for us with each other and with him. So I want to talk about those three things, fellowship with the Father and with the Son and with one another. Now you don't need me to tell you that fellowship with the Father is a very difficult matter for many people today. Maybe the deepest wound of all the many wounds in our post- Christian, godless culture is the Father wound. The wound of an absent or a harsh or judgmental or even abusive Father can lead to incredibly deep fracturing of the personality, incredibly deep mechanisms of self-protection when a person doesn't have a good relationship with their Father. It leads to what is essentially the characterizing description of our culture, spiritual orphanhood in your parishes. You're looking out at a bunch of spiritual orphans, many of them. When we walk down the street we are surrounded by spiritual orphans, people who have no idea who they are, what their identity is, where they're coming from, where they're going, what life is about, what love is, because they have no idea that there's a Father who knows them and loves them. And yet even people who had the very best of earthly fathers, present and loving and affirming, still have a Father wound because it goes all the way back to the beginning. Before the fall God walked with Adam and Eve in the garden in the cool of the day. Such a beautiful image of fellowship, a communion with God just friendship, just being comfortable in each other's presence, just talking, enjoying the beauty of creation together. But the moment they sin, immediately they fear Him and they run and hide. And we've been hiding ever since. God has been calling out to us ever since. The Lord banished them from the garden precisely so that they wouldn't eat from the Tree of Life and live forever and eternal living death. A life without fellowship with Him would be nothing but an immortal mortality, a horrendous empty existence, living but having no true life. And the whole rest of the history of salvation is a history of the restoration of broken fellowship. So if we go and look back at how God began to heal this wound, one thing that's absolutely crucial that I think is very often forgotten today is that God starts by revealing just how broken the relationship is. And so when God formed the nation of Israel and He manifested Himself to them at Mount Sinai, He took great care to impress on them the real and devastating consequences of sin. So He has to teach them that He's a holy God and that sin has separated them from Him. And that in fact it's not even safe to come into the presence of a holy God for a sinful people. So when He reveals Himself on Mount Sinai, it's with lightning and fire and thunder and earthquake and it's terrifying to them. But that first step of actually coming to acknowledge just how deep is our break with our God is essential in order to bring about the healing that God desires. Because otherwise if we downplay the separation caused by sin, we're tempted to shortcut the process. And we think that restoring fellowship with God is a relatively simple matter. We can basically just waltz back into His presence. It reminds me a little of the story people used to tell about Father Charles Curran when he was teaching at Catholic University and he was teaching that, well abortion isn't really a sin necessarily and homosexual behavior isn't necessarily a sin and living together outside of marriage, it might be okay in some circumstances. And when he was walking across campus, sometimes people would point and say, behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. Sorry, I don't need exoneration. I need forgiveness. And in order to receive forgiveness, we need to acknowledge sin for what it really is. And so God revealed himself on Mount Sinai in a terrifying way and then he told Moses to build the Ark of the Covenant housed in the tent of meeting. And the Ark of the Covenant was a way for God to dwell in the midst of His people. So it's something of a restored fellowship but ironically the role of the priests of the Old Covenant and the Levites who ministered in the tent of meeting, one of their most important roles was to ensure that lay people not draw too near. And so when God was out at Mount Sinai, he said, if anybody comes near and touches the Mount, they're going to be stoned. And then when the Tabernacle was built, the same instruction was given, henceforth the people of Israel shall not come near the tent of meeting lest they bear sin and die. So lay Israelites couldn't even come near the courtyard surrounding the Tabernacle. The Levites could be in the courtyard serving but could not enter the Tabernacle. The priests could enter the Tabernacle but only the first room, not the second room, the Holy of Holies. Only the high priest could enter the Holy of Holies and even when he entered only once a year, he had to first fill it with a cloud of incense lest he be annihilated in the presence of God. So God was showing with all of these zones of limited access how an unholy people cannot dwell in the presence of an all holy God because of the brokenness of fellowship caused by sin. And so we have to appreciate that distance. We have to appreciate that devastating separation in order to really appreciate the striking change that occurs in the New Covenant. Our separation from God so grieved him in his father's heart. So broke his heart that he went to unimaginable lengths to restore us. So Christ came and laid down his life for us on the cross. And what happened at the moment of his death? You remember what happened? The curtain of the temple torn in two from top to bottom meaning no man did it, God did it. That limited access nobody could enter into the Holy of Holies except one man once a year. That limited access is over. Now we can enter into the very presence of God. And so from now on God doesn't tell us people to keep a safe distance anymore. That was an Old Testament commandment. Some people I think have not gotten the memo that it changed. The New Testament says something different. Again and again especially in the letter to the Hebrews let us then with confidence draw near to the throne of grace that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need. Like children confident in the presence of their daddy let's draw near. Therefore brethren since we have confidence to enter. I mean we read this and we just kind of pass over it like oh yeah that's nice but a Jewish person who understood the whole temple system would find this radically shocking draw near to the Holy of Holies. Yes draw near to the sanctuary by the blood of Jesus by the new and living way which he opened for us through the curtain that is through his flesh and since we have a great priest over the house of God let us draw near with a true heart and full assurance of faith with our hearts sprinkled clean for a medieval conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. Paul says the same thing in Ephesians in Christ we have boldness confidence of access through our faith in him. We kind of have to go back and put ourselves in the shoes of our Jewish Israelite ancestors in faith to realize how awesome this is and to have hearts filled with amazement and joy. Wow we can enter into the Holy of Holies. We have a privilege infinitely greater even than the high priest of Israel. He could enter once a year we can enter any time we want. He entered the earthly tabernacle. We enter the literal true Holy of Holies of which it was only a foreshadowing. Why the difference you know are we better than the high priest? No. Is it that God got indulgent with sin in his old age, got a little more lenient, you know passed past over things? No. It's that we have a high priest whose job is no longer to separate sinners from God to separate sinners from sin. He's fully dealt with sin and therefore we have incredible privileges that the people of Israel could only have dreamed about. Now we still do sin. Jesus dealt with sin and yet we still sin all the time but the first letter of John gives us such a beautiful reassurance. Our sin isn't a problem for him. It is temporarily but for God it's no problem at all to deal with our sin. As Father Ed my pastor loves to say we have a Savior who loves to save. He loves to save. So if we say we have no sin we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins he is faithful and just and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If anyone does sin we have an advocate with the Father Jesus Christ the righteous and he is the expiation for our sins and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world. Our sins are not a problem for him. At the passion of Christ two disciples sinned grievously. Judas and Peter which one was a problem for the Lord. Only Judas. They both sinned but one refused forgiveness and so we should never ever think of our sin as an insuperable obstacle. Yes it's an obstacle to fellowship with God but he has already totally dealt with it. It's only one we're only one decision away from restored fellowship with him. Jesus went to such lengths to convince us of that. That he told what I think is the greatest of all his parables. The parable of two lost sons. The parable that really contains the whole gospel in a nutshell sums up the whole history of salvation really. The two lost sons and we're all super familiar with it and we know that the older the younger son represents those who are far from God those who have wandered away those who have rebelled. Maybe some of you could identify with that younger son at one point in your life your BC era but even those who were once like the younger son who runs away and wastes his inheritance often can little by little become more like the older son. So I want to just look for a moment at what's happening in this story with the older son because he represents the righteous the people who are with God the people who are hanging in there who are being faithful to God but is very interesting what Jesus shows us. So the younger son comes home he's reconciled with the father the father throws a feast. Now his elder son was in the field and as he came and drew near to the house he heard music and dancing the house. Wherever you see the house in the Gospels it's an image of the church. So he's coming in and he hears music and dancing because of the homecoming of a lost son. This is describing what the church is a place of joy, merriment, celebration at the homecoming of lost sons and daughters. Is that what the church looks like? It's a question worth asking. Well this young man has been working hard in the fields all day long and when he finds out what's going on that his rogue jerk of a brother who humiliated the whole family in front of the village wasted his part of the inheritance has the nerve to come home hasn't paid back anything hasn't paid for his sins and he's being treated like a royal prince. He's furious and at least I find it's not hard to identify with that older brother it does seem kind of unfair and so he refuses to go in. Now he too is publicly insulting his father refusing to join the family celebration. Maybe part of the reason for his resentment is he sees his younger son go and enjoy himself sewing his wild oats. Maybe he secretly had dreamed of the same freedom but he didn't dare to do it himself. Maybe that's part of the resentment going on and the father hears about it and the father comes out to plead with him so he treats this son just as mercifully as the other he goes out to him he doesn't wait for this boy to come and he goes out to him and he pleads with him and the older son reproaches his father. He says look these many years I have served you literally though the word in Greek is really slaved for you. These many years I have slaved for you and I never disobeyed your command yet you never even gave me a kid goat to celebrate with my friends. Accusing his father I've been slaving for you I've been working hard on the family farm doing your work I never even disobeyed your command I was working for you I served the parish I donated regularly I volunteered my time I cared for people you didn't give me what you deserve I think you were paying close attention we might sometimes hear echoes of the older brother mentality in our hearts his outward conformity to his father's will he's not disobeying he's faithful but it masks an inner bitterness in fact he actually doesn't see himself as a son he never even addresses his father as father the younger boy does he actually sees himself more as a slave who has to earn his master's favor and has to earn what he he thinks he now deserves at least a kid goat to celebrate with my friends and as we read the parable we might ask what image of sonship did this boy convey to his younger brother older brothers are a model for the younger ones right and maybe the younger boy watched his brother as he was growing up and thinking if this is what sonship and the father's house is I don't want any part of it I'm out of here maybe that was part of the reason for his taking off and another question we can ask is what might have happened if the younger boy upon coming home repentant not perfectly repentant because he's still just thinking about how how to get things better for himself at least I'll have something to eat in my father's house but he's coming home what if he had run into instead of his father his older brother how might the story have turned out then what happens today when lost sons and daughters are trying to make their way home taking faltering steps maybe a beginning of repentance but not certainly not a perfect repentance do they sometimes run into an older brother this son doesn't have real fellowship with his father and in fact his dismissive attitude toward his younger brother is connected to that a break in fellowship with the father leads to a break in fellowship with others but the father says to him son you are always with me and all that is mine is yours in other words everything I have belongs to you you were wondering why I never gave you a kid goat didn't you realize everything on the estate is yours to use and enjoy this son was living beneath his privileges as son he didn't realize who he was he was actually slaving in his father's house not realizing the whole estate belonged to him if we ever hear echoes of the older brother mentality in ourselves envy of others resentment jealousy ambition that can be an indication we have an older brother mentality in us we don't know the fellowship with the father that he desires for us only the Holy Spirit can reveal it to us you didn't receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear but you have received the spirit of sonship when we cry Abba father it is the spirit himself bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God and if children then heirs only the Holy Spirit can reveal to us the immensity of God's love for us and who we really are in his eyes and what belongs to us as his children the freedom that belongs to us the the resources to carry out the mission that God has for each of us the joy the daily hourly presence of God his help our privilege of going into his throne room and receiving whatever we need that's what the Holy Spirit wants to reveal to us so now fellowship with the son Jesus revealed in his coming the magnitude of God's desire for fellowship with us as it says in Hebrews since therefore the children share in flesh and blood and that's a form of the same word coin on a oh since the children share in flesh and blood human existence he himself likewise partook of the same nature the only way he could restore broken fellowship was to enter into flesh and blood fellowship with us communion with us and again and again the gospel show that fellowship as it's not just some kind of theological axiom but concrete very real very physical again and again Jesus sat down and enjoyed a meal with people he had a good time with them he loved to hang out in their presence he enjoyed the company of the most undesirable people sinners tax collectors he loved to spend time with them to waste time with them it says in Matthew after he calls Matthew the tax collector as he sat at table in his house doesn't say who he is does it mean Matthew sat at does it mean Jesus sat at table in Matthew's house or maybe Matthew sat at table in Jesus's house Jesus is the real host and is the messianic banquet restored communion between God and sinners many tax collectors and sinners were sitting with Jesus and his disciples so Matthew shows the right response to being called by Jesus he throws a party and he invites all his disreputable friends so they can enjoy fellowship with Jesus too and what a joy that must have given to the Lord's heart another example Jesus was also invited to the wedding there's so much packed into that line I know a couple who put it on the front of their wedding program isn't that cool they wanted to invite Jesus right into their wedding into their marriage and you think about well what did he actually do well it tells us in the Gospels he ate and drank he drank wine he probably danced Jewish men danced he chatted with people he had a great time he loved to fellowship in every concrete human way think of the house of Martha and Mary in Lazarus Jesus apparently loved to have fellowship with them maybe that their house was like a second home maybe it was one of the few places where he could actually take off his sandals after a long day of ministry and just shoot the breeze he was comfortable with them he wants your house to be like that he wants to be able to just shoot the breeze with you he loves that in the story of the disciples on the road to Emmaus after this beautiful conversation with them it says he appeared to be going further but they constrained him saying stay with us for it's towards evening and the day is now far spent so he went in and stayed with him he waits for an invitation he wants to stay with us but he may pass on unless we invite him he loves to get entangled in human life he loves to do ordinary things so often people invite Jesus into their troubles when somebody gets in an accident or loses a job or somebody's sick we invite him in but do we invite him into our relaxation our entertainment if you think about what you love doing you play golf invite Jesus to play with you invite him to be right there talk to him while you're doing it ask him to help you make a good play maybe already do that even watching TV even things that you might feel a little bit ashamed about watching too much TV try inviting Jesus into it ask him to watch TV with you he might have changed the channel and if it's anything that's not of the Lord even if you don't feel like you have the willpower to let go of it invite Jesus into it sooner or later one has to go right and if Jesus is with you it's the other thing that's gonna have to go he loves to be invited into fellowship with us and he gives a secret to fellowship I feel like I'm just beginning to learn this secret it's it's an incredibly powerful secret he says it right here in John 15 you are my friends you have fellowship with me if you do what I command you that's kind of paradoxical isn't it I mean what do you normally tell somebody who does what another person commands slave obedience that's what the Bishop was talking about but Jesus says actually if you do what I command you stop being slaves and you start becoming my friends there's a mystery to it there's a paradox now when he says what I command you he's not primarily talking about the moral law the 10 commandments we can take that for granted as a foundation he's talking about the more he's talking about the individual personal commands if we really want to grow into deep fellowship with Jesus the secret is obeying those personal quiet little commands that he gives us if you read the Gospels with this in mind you find Jesus gives him sometimes rather strange commands sometimes we pass over we don't even realize how strange they are for example if you are weary and find life burden some take my yoke upon your shoulders really wouldn't a normal thing be you know you find you're weary and you find life burdensome let me take your yoke from you he says let me give you another yoke you know how much yokes way like the kind that oxen used to pull a car they can weigh like 200 pounds you're really weary and burdened down here let me give you a yoke thanks a lot and yet what's his yoke the will of the father you put it on and it's so light and it's so refreshing and it's so life-giving but you don't find that out until you obey that command or another one Jesus is teaching vast crowds in the wilderness day is getting late people are hungry the disciples are very practical Lord come on it's time to send them away they need something to eat you give them something to eat you give them something to eat now if I were there if I were one of the disciples I would have been tempted to say Jesus can we do some math here 5,000 men listening to you that's like 20,000 maybe 25,000 people five loaves two fish that's about 4,000 people per loaf Jesus can we be realistic you give them something to eat and it's only when they obey the seemingly absurd the seemingly impossible the impossible becomes possible and a miracle is being done before their eyes and the little they gave is has been feeding this vast crowd and they have a whole new sense of the majesty of the Lord and their incredible privilege of sharing with him in his work of feeding his people I think that's what he longs for you to experience more and more another time fill the jars with water they might have been tempted to say at that point Jesus you might have misheard what your mother said they didn't actually run out of water they ran out of wine village ours with water so they did the seemingly absurd because they had heard what she said do whatever he tells you and that was not an easy job they had to get their their jugs their buckets go down to the village well lower those jugs haul them back up haul them back to the wedding pour them into these big stone jars go back for more come back didn't make a lot of sense but they obeyed him and they had to obey him again now take some out and bring it to the steward take some water out and bring it to the steward hmm but they obeyed and they experienced the Lord turning their water into wine that's what he wants you to experience or he says things like if you're persecuted and people are insulting you and calling you every kind of name rejoice and leap for joy not just a half-hearted praise the Lord leap for joy if you're being persecuted again obeying that command leads to deeper fellowship with you with him forgive 77 times or 70 times seven times he come in he keeps commanding the impossible and he does that because it's only when we're faced with what is utterly beyond our capability that we learn to totally rely on him and then we go deeper in fellowship if you stick with what you're capable of and you don't take a risk in faith in obedience to him you'll never experience the depth of fellowship that he has for you that he wants for you and one last kind of fellowship that's intimately tied into the others fellowship with one another and I'll just share with you something from my own personal experience the Lord called me to live in a covenant community when I was younger and shortly after I had graduated from here I actually went kicking and screaming wasn't my plan for my life the Lord made it clear it was his plan and I ended up living in a household with other young women and the beauty of living in community whether it's living together in a house or living in close fellowship with each other is that once you start to experience your flaws and the flaws of other people you can't walk away that's not the option and so the beautiful thing about for me living in community is you know all of a sudden you see all the sin you never wanted to see and you find out all the things about yourself you never wanted to know and I had a ongoing clash with another person in the house and when I had come into the house I had an image of myself is basically holy growing in holiness kind easy to be with loving generous and as time went on with this other person I came face to face with the fact that I wasn't all that oh and another part of myself image was besides kind and generous and loving humble I came face to face with my pride my jealousy anger judgmentalism criticism and it was in that relationship with this other sister in the Lord having to repent to each other having to forbear with something that she did that really annoyed me or vice versa having to forgive each other and speak out forgiveness and sometimes confront each other when the other person didn't want to be confronted and having to go to the Lord together and actually sit down to pray sometimes what I couldn't even stand to be in the same room with her but sitting down to pray and praying together that my sister is not the enemy Satan's the enemy we stand together against him that the Lord did an incredible work of fellowship and over the months before we knew it we had become very close friends and we had each experienced something of the magnificence of the Lord through one another and we're still friends to this day the Lord wants every member of the body of Christ to experience that kind of fellowship it's what they experienced in the early Christian community when they devoted themselves to the Apostles teaching and Koinonia and the breaking of bread and prayers we can forget how radical it was because in the early church these are people who never would have remotely approached one another before immoral pagan sinners and devout Jews sitting at table together wealthy landowners and slaves sitting at table together people from every strata from different races and backgrounds experiencing a radical new brotherhood and sisterhood with each other oh and Paul describes it I want you to know how greatly I strive for you that your hearts may be encouraged as they are knit together in love that could be your prayer for your parish that the people would not only just be okay with each other that they would not only not be at war with each other or divided but that they would actually be knit together in deep bonds of love that's what the early church experienced that's what life in the body of Christ is meant to be today love one another with brotherly affection love one another intensely from the heart even more than it was then it's radically counter-cultural today because what most characterizes our society right now is autonomy and isolation and the generation that's growing up now the generation the generation that's growing up tied to their screens is more isolated than any previous generation probably in history they people who work with young people say that they don't even know how to have a normal friendship they don't even know how to look each other in the eye and talk all they know how to do is text and so the challenge for us the incredibly great challenge is to actually live it out ourselves for you to live it out in your priesthood with one another so that you can not only preach it but model it to your parishioners I remember visiting Russia one time staying with a parish a Catholic parish in Russia another one in Uganda and just getting a whole new window on what the priesthood could look like one of the things I noticed in both those places is how much time they wasted with each other every meal it was taken for granted that it would take at least an hour and they would just hang out at table both the priests with each other and priests with their parishioners with some of their staff or with some of their volunteers just enjoying each other's company just shooting the breeze and having a good time together and it just made me realize how how focused we have become on work how utilitarian we have become so that everything has to be so scheduled that we we don't waste time with one another we don't build fellowship with one another and so I would offer you this this challenge maybe just something to bring before the Lord in prayer this week how deep is your fellowship with others which is intrinsic to your fellowship with God in my observation priests are some of the most isolated people today and often it's it's not a matter of their fault it's that you're placed alone in a parish or three or four sometimes not conveniently near any other priest extremely busy burdened with many responsibilities besides all the pressures of being Christian and Catholic in a hostile society and the reality is Satan works very hard to isolate priests Satan works very hard to isolate all Christians especially those who are serving the Lord full-time but in a particular way Satan works hard to isolate priests because if you don't have others with whom you are being transparent and being accountable in some way then it becomes so much easier amid all of the pressures of ministry and of being in a hostile world to yield to unhealthy habits addictions stress coping mechanisms and things that can take you away from the Lord so I encourage you to be very intentional about fellowship even if it means sacrificing some kind of ministry even if it means letting something go that seems really important fruitfulness in ministry flows from fellowship with the Lord and with others so I would even say if you're not in a situation where you're able to meet at least once a month but ideally more like every two weeks with a group of people with whom you can really share your life honestly whether it's your brother priests or deacons or even lay people father Contel Amesa talks about doing that with a group of lay people and how it changed his life if you're not in a situation where you have that then find that or make it happen or ask the Lord how it can happen you could look for the fraternity of priests or the Jesus Caritas fraternity of priests or call some priest friends or or find some mature parishioners whom you can trust and and get together and pray and and and share what the Lord is doing what the Lord is saying and how the Lord is changing you and I think the Lord will bring greater good than you could imagine out of that tonight as we pray we're going to have an opportunity to let the Lord remove some of the obstacles to our fellowship with him and with one another obstacles like isolation maybe a fear fear of betrayal maybe you've been betrayed by somebody with whom you were in relationship maybe shame busyness but underlying busyness is something deeper maybe it's an older brother mentality needing to earn the father's favorite favor whatever those obstacles are we're gonna just give a chance for the Lord to lift those from you and then to fill us anew with the Holy Spirit who is our fellowship with the Father and with the Son and so we're gonna have a song now we're gonna enter from there right into ministry we're just gonna allow the Holy Spirit to do whatever he wants to do and I know he wants to do something marvelous in our hearts tonight


If you are silent, if you aren't available, if you aren't there, if you don't exist, what do we do when the gods we believed in turn out to be nothing more than the object of our own desire, offering us the silent treatment in the exact moment when we needed the most.


I'm excited to tell you about the work that we've been doing, which is really what I'm going to show you is kind of our latest milestone in trying to understand how synapses work. And I'm very, very happy with where we're at at the moment with this and the promise that the future holds for where we're going to go. So our motivation behind our work is, ever since I was a little boy, I wanted to know how the brain works, and especially how synapses work in the brain, since I think that's where the rubber meets the road in understanding how the brain computes. And in order to understand how synaptic structure and function are related, we need to know the topology of synaptic structure and the perisynaptic space around synapses. Because they're not bottled up little compartments, they're actually open through the extracellular space to the other neurons in the brain. That means we need to understand neuropill. And I put three excumulation points after neuropill, you'll see why in a minute. I'm sure a lot of you already have a fear of neuropill, as I do. We need to know the organization of the pre- and post-synaptic cytoplasmic organelles and the distributions of receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and transporters, et cetera, throughout these structures, because the biochemical reaction networks and their dynamics are occurring in space that is not well mixed. And the numbers of molecules can be very small. In synapses, as Avrama told you earlier, the number of molecules in a spine head can be very, very small. And so the reactions occur stochastically. And so we have to understand how they interact with each other stochastically. And so the simulators that we use to simulate these things have to be able to not shy away from these things, but embrace these things and tackle them head-on. So I have a little cartoon here that shows how influx of pre-synaptic calcium causes release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic space, activating receptors, and then all the post-synaptic downstream biochemical cascades that Kim told you about occur. And also there's spillover of neurotransmitter into the auxiliary space to possibly activate synapses on adjacent dendrites, or synapses of the same dendrite, and reuptake of neurotransmitter by astrocyte possible activation of other biochemical processes in the astrocyte itself, and of course in the target dendrites. And this little cartoon gives you an idea of the spatial arrangement and numbers of different types of molecules that we'll be talking about in the simulations that I'm going to show you. I'm going to show you the construction of a realistic model of synapses in hippocampal neuro pill. The simulation is going to include all of these different molecules, their locations in space and their correct densities and biochemical reaction interaction networks. And I'm going to walk you through one by one each of these as we put the model together. To construct a model like this we need constraints. You'll hear tomorrow in one of the workshops the topic model what you can measure. So that's precisely what we're attempting to do here, but at the molecular and reaction pathway level at tiny structures. So we were able to obtain through our collaboration with Kristen Harris a 3D reconstruction of a 6x6x5 micron chunk of hippocampal CA1 neuro pill from an adult rat in stratum radiotum. This little chunk here was chosen by Kristen to be centered on a part of a primary apical dendrite. There were 100 slices, 50 nanometers thick in the reconstruction to give us the five microns in total in Z and we have 6x6 microns in X and Y. And here's the entire structure reconstructed, viewed from the outside in. The yellow represent dendrites, the green represent axons and the blue is an astrocytic glial process. It's all a big tangled mess. I have an animation that I won't have time to show you, but it's available on YouTube. If you go on YouTube and type in waltz and hippocampus, it should be the top hit and you can watch a movie that our postdoc student Justin Kinney put together as part of his thesis project to study spillover of glutamate, and he has a paper that recently came out in Journal of Comparative Neurology on this topic. But I do have a shorter movie showing the dynamics in that structure coming up in a moment that will give you some appreciation for the internal structure of that. But part of the challenge that Justin faced in putting this together was the fact that it's well known that there are shrinkage artifacts that occur during tissue fixation in preparation of samples for TEM. And also there are numerous sampling aliasing artifacts that occur during the reconstruction process itself of trying to go from slices where a human being or a machine learning algorithm draws a contour. Human learning algorithms aren't nearly up to the task of fully automating this, so a human being needs to assist and the machine assists and the human finishes the job of tracing all the structures. But because of the limited Z resolution, when you reconstruct, if we take this and cut it in the XZ plane, so now the Z axis is going downward through, and if we look at this little box here and magnify it on the screen, this is the raw reconstruction that results. You'll see places where the extracellular space is very narrow or even occluded, places where structures actually touch and overlap with each other. This is not a problem with the traces that were drawn. This is a problem that occurred because of aliasing of sampling in the Z direction, sampling at a limited step-wise resolution results, inevitably, unavoidably results in these artifacts. So Justin was able to write an algorithm that corrected these errors and got back to an extracellular space volume fraction that is thought to be the same as what occurs in vivo of about 22% ECS fluid. Here in the raw reconstruction, not counting the overlaps which obviously are completely wrong, the extracellular space volume fraction here was only 8%. Having made those corrections, we now have a proper geometry for performing our simulations in. We then need the constraints of all the reaction pathways and chemical kinetics for all the different molecules that I showed you on previous slides. We have gluR1 type amper receptors, N2RA and B type NDA receptors, LRPQ type voltage dependent calcium channels, GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters, PMCA, NCX and circo pumps, endogenous calcium binding proteins of some unknown generic type, and specific calcium binding proteins such as Kalbinden D28K. We also have a chemical kinetics scheme and kinetic rate constants for the calcium sensor in this near complex that results in release of neurotransmitter. This diagram has 36 different states in it, a release enabled state and a release disabled state for the entire active zone and each dock vesicle in the active zone, which on average is maybe seven dock vesicles at a hippocampal presynaptic terminal. Each dock vesicle has a molecule that behaves like this in it, but they're coupled together through an interesting mechanism. The release disabled states of all the dock vesicles in a single active zone are coupled together through this state so that the state of the entire active zone behaves like one macromolecular complex. Each individual dock vesicle is in one of 36 different states and if there's seven dock vesicles then we have 36 to the seventh power different states that the entire active zone can be in at any one time. This is one example of combinatorial explosion of which ChemKinase 2 is an even more extreme example. The other molecule, important molecule that I'm going to show you in this simulation is molecules are Calmodulin and ChemKinase 2 which Calmodulin binds calcium and when it does it can bind to ChemKinase 2. Calcium binding to the ChemKinase 2 undergoes these state changes to be in any one of these nine different states and when the ChemKinase 2 is bound calcium it can bind kinase K represented as K here to form a complex with ChemKinase 2 monomer is shown here. Of course the holoenzyme consists of 12 subunits in a complex and so now take this to the 12th power and then not counting the phosphorylation states that it can be and if we count all those the ChemKinase 2 holoenzyme can be in any one of say 10 to the 16th different possible states possibly more. And so traditional modeling methods using differential equations and even the Gillespie algorithm where it's required that you calculate a propensity function require that you map out a matrix say in an ODE or PDE method you have to map out a matrix that represents your your system of simultaneous differential equations and then diagonalize that to find the eigenvalues in order and you have to do that on every time step to move forward in time in order to get the how the concentrations or numbers of particles update on each time. Simulating a molecule like ChemKinase 2 or the active zone is prohibitive prohibitively expensive and even intractable. Fortunately we use MCEL which is a particle-based method that tracks individual molecules through space and time and each molecule is in only is only in one state at any one moment in time. And it models 3D reaction diffusion systems. It uses rigorously validated and highly optimized stochastic Monte Carlo methods to track the Brownian dynamics of individual particles in 3D volumes and 2D surfaces embedded in 3D. We as you have seen of the 3D reconstruction that we've made we can handle arbitrarily complex 3D geometry. We don't create volumetric meshes we make triangulated surface meshes because we track the particles where in in 3D space each particle knows where it is in 3D space. We don't need to voxelize space which is a can have a large advantage in simulating complex geometries and as I've alluded to we can handle arbitrarily complex reaction networks. We do this by using either a Markov or a rule-based specification method. A Markov method would require you to write down all the all the states and all the all the pathways that would be prohibitively expensive with a something like the active zone or ChemKarnes 2 but with a rule-based specification method you just write down the rules that govern how the state transitions occur and those rules are evaluated on the fly as the simulation runs particle by particle so each particle only needs to know what state it's in and what rule applies for its transitions to its adjacent states and you only evaluate those rules on a particle by particle basis which is very efficient and this is all possible with a highly flexible model description language at MSOL employees and we have a new model building and visualization and analysis analysis environment that allows the user to create all these things visually in a 3D modeling environment based on blender and it's a Python plug-in for blender called cell blender and now I'm going to show you an animation that represents many many many years of effort of many many many people working together and I'm very proud of when I'm of this I think you'll enjoy it too so what you're looking at is a that large apical dendrite a single axon making contact a snap to contact here and there with this dendrite the blue represents the astrocytic glial process of a single astrocyte embedded in this volume the axon has been made transparent so that you can see inside of it you can see it has an applied reticulum going through here's a here's a mitochondrion in one of that bercocities we're going to zoom in on this particular one the red patch is on the dendrite represent synaptic contact areas all the other dendrites and axons that you saw earlier are made invisible here so that we can see what's going on the little yellow particles moving around our calcium this is what hundred nanomolar calcium looks like at rest these are synaptic vesicles we have ample and NMDA receptors on the post-synaptic side this is a small patch of voltage gated calcium channels on the pre-synaptic side the little gray particles on the surface of the membrane here are PMCA pumps the little green particles on the endoplasmic reticulum are circo pumps we're now stimulating the axon with an actual potential it turns a brighter shade of green as we do and the voltage gated calcium channels open and allow calcium to flow in when the calcium flows in it starts to build up I want you to notice how how tightly contained and how focused the calcium micro domain is nano domain is these little red objects here represent this the snare complex release mechanism that in a moment is going to find enough calcium to cause release of neurotransmitter and right about now right there we released about 2,000 molecules of glutamate that diffuses through the extracellular space and when it does it spreads out very quickly but also activates ample and NMDA receptors within the post-synaptic patch on the spine head but the glutamate also diffuses outward and binds to glutamate transporters on the astro site which are invisible until in this visualization until they bind glutamate and which time they turn red and the glutamate gets quite far and persists for quite a quite a large amount of time oh this is the wrong this is the wrong animation this is the wrong animation I'm going to no it's not it's not good no oh how did that happen anyway it didn't show it didn't it was the wrong one I apologize and in closing the one I wanted to show you then also shows activation of the NMDA receptors and then flux of calcium into the post-synaptic spine head and activation of Chem Kines II and Cal Modulin going out to 100 milliseconds of time and somehow I put the wrong one in there but I want to thank all our collaborators who have worked with us over the years on putting this together especially friends no longer with us thank you


Urban agglomerations are characterized by dense populations of vehicles in limited spaces, making it difficult to expand road networks. To improve efficiency, cities must make better use of existing communication systems. Intersection signal control helps ensure maximum safety as well as increased permeability. Real-time management of intersections can be modeled using simulation software such as AIMSUN and MATSim. These programs allow for comparison between the two software tools. This article was authored by Alicia Kalasova, Lubomir Serniki, and Simona Kubikova.