What kind of application areas they can be used and also why do we need to start with let's actually start with the definition of what So there's a website unikernel.org you can have a lot of information about unikernels But essentially what unikernels are are unikernels are single image operating system So typically you have a virtual machine, you know You have layers and layers on top of it. You have applications that may be doctors and so on what unikernel essentially is Is that it fuses everything into one image? So so there's no distinction between an application a virtual machine or anything in between and I'll have some I have some diagrams to actually include what these layers are and how they're included. Yeah I'm sorry Okay, so let's actually look at the picture today Right, you have an application. It runs an operating system, right operating systems as usually a lot of lines of code I don't know. I think windows is not there but windows is also quite big Linux OS and then you have whole sorts of utilities So this picture Somewhat resembles an iceberg, right? What you care about or what you see is just the tip There's a really big bulky Stuff that is beneath That you actually don't care about and as a result you have a lot of stuff present in your Production system that is running that was not part of your application and often you don't actually need or not all of it right you might need some of it and The problem here is That software is inherently a very complex thing, right? in software you have different different moving parts right you have several processes threads Running and different moving parts what it does is it increases the possibility of failures because there is many millions of combinations of things That would potentially go wrong You also have like millions and millions of lines of code so millions and millions lines of code means your application would take time to boot up to run and Lots of code also means that there are lots of vulnerabilities, right? So every now and then you hear stories about XYZ hack this website, you know all sorts of buffer overflow attacks and so on and The problem is all these attacks that are happening very many of them are happening at the part of the code that you actually don't use and You just have it for the sake of having it and your application suffers because of it It doesn't really get any benefit about So all this complexity is kind of unnecessary, right? And the reason why we have these complexity is because an operating system or a docker even Probably less to for docker, but still the same thing. They are general purpose systems, right? They don't have any particular use case in mind and they don't have any particular user and so on and they don't even have any estimates on the size That use so they are trying to create this one solution that works for everybody And what happens is it kind of works for everybody? But it doesn't work perfectly for anybody because it's like a jack-of-all trade master of none kind of situation right so you have all this complexity and With an operating system, you have a lot of different configuration points, right? You have to configure this you have to configure that you Which often you don't use and if you look at the trends that are happening, you know people are moving towards Microservices and people are moving more towards in an abstract way what we are is we are moving from a monolithic to a world of Microservices where you have more granularity and assembly of smaller systems working together than having one big large ball of mud as I like to call it and these microservices They follow the single responsibility principle Which is rather than you know having a jack-of-all trade system Focus on one thing and do that one thing really really well So the current scenario that we have is kind of an anti pattern in the modern world Most apps are single purpose most microservices one or have one or two end points yet We have to inherit this huge huge big bulk of code that we don't use So the question is is there a way to reduce the complexity can we do that? Turns out There are ways of doing it we'll cover that Another problem that we have is lack of portability that portability probably is not big of a problem when you're running And some sort of managed environment for example Java virtual machine It's it's not a big problem. It is a problem to some extent But if you're using like a low-level note native app like something like a C++ app you're using operating system libraries And as much as you have standards not everybody follows the standard hundred percent So you you end up in a situation where your code is semi-portable right across across different platforms across devices And this is often not not a good scenario because in the modern world But we have is we have a set of a lot of these devices that work together rather than having like one common pattern so so it becomes difficult to Reuse the code and that that's one of the things that we need to worry about can we enhance the portability? so For us to have this problem solved what we need to do is we need to have a solution that somehow You know focuses on the problem at hand and distangles you from the underlying system operating system or whatever platform They're using right you want to focus on your code and not worry as much as possible about the rest of it You also want to do something like if I don't need 50 services I shouldn't have them right my application is a single process application in a microservice right? I need easy scalability, but let's say I don't want too much threading. I don't want a file system I'm not storing anything. It's a stateless application. I have a DD connected right, but I still have a file system so if you have a solution that That only takes all the components of the operating system that you actually need You solve a lot of security problems a lot of portability problems that you otherwise inherit and Finally, you would need something like from a single platform. I should inherit multiple Platforms right so can we have such a practical solution? well, we kind of have it and That solution is called as containers Right, so what is a container a container is essentially a stripped down VM So you don't have inherit the entire VM. You have like a subset of their essentials you build layers and layers of your application and Essentially, you have a Docker and any platform Where containers are supported you can package your application you can run it on your local system Hey, it works then I can take this container as a whole and deploy it on my production environment. It works You have different tools like Kubernetes me so sweet, you know, you're running containers at scale Things fail at scale. So you need a way to handle resiliency all those things good and you can deploy to multiple platform So far so good Except the problem is this is not a perfect solution. It's better than what we have in the VM world, but not a perfect solution. Why? Because containers don't really eliminate the libraries that you don't use they just reduce the amount of it Right so container is basically a mini VM. That's what it is all the services of VM You still have those services in a container not that you don't have it You may not have as much of them or you have less code sure but containers are inherently There are issues with container especially on the network if you have one VM you're running a lot of containers You're likely to have problems. So containers are a Solution it's a step in the right direction But it's not it's not the perfect or it's not the ideal solution That we are looking for obviously there is no such thing as an ideal in the world But we what we want to do is we still want to go as close as possible Where we reduce the amount of inherited code that you have and focus more on the application And that solution comes with unique kernels. So what is a unique kernel, right? Essentially what you have is your whole operating system has certain set of components a unique kernel What it does is it takes your application code and it takes all the components of the operating system that you actually need And ignore the rest that you don't need which is going to be 90% of the case And package them together Sorry about that. I don't know Why is this happening? Okay, good Something happening with the connection Um, okay, I'll just keep talking until yeah So what a unique kernel actually does is takes this library components and uses them together as an application, right? so When you're building your application at build time it takes those components We'll see some example and it only uses the libraries that you actually require And a unique kernel Really is a single process system, right? You don't have a lot of processes let alone thread and so on And what it does is let's say that now I want to port my application in some other platform, right? I still have the uniform interface Where I'm calling the os libraries So my application is ported. Let's say on jvm now I swap it out and I want to put it on a hypervisor running on a gen virtualization server So a unique kernel will target multiple runtime So I would build that application for the second platform that I have It takes the same components that run it takes the equivalent components, right that have the same interface and it packages it It runs on another platform. So think of it something like Let's say you have something like a docker, but it's not one such docker, but there's a docker for Different kind of environment So you can package it in a similar way and generates a different container for each one of the target platforms that you can deploy But you don't hardly have to change your application for it Your application the interface for those components are still the same. So your application remains unchanged. You just have to recompile Your application for your different platform and you're done So this is this is traditional The traditional application stack, right? You you have a kernel space and then you have a user space and your operating system process management network All those things they use the kernel space and then your application library user space One of the performance problems that you have with this is that you have to switch between kernel space and user space rapidly when you're running What unikernel does it it fuses them together. So what you have is there And by the way this networking and that networking is not exactly the same For example, you may not use all components of networking So that component would only have the stuff that your application actually needs And notice that there is no process management because you don't have processes And let's say if you don't use file system, you won't have file system in your application. So it's like on-demand basis So this is how unikernel application stack Would actually Look like Okay, so let's actually look at the evolution of Evolution in the I'm so sorry Can somebody have a look at it What's happening there? Yeah, is this going blank? Okay, now it's working here, but I think there's a loose connection there Okay, sorry, sorry for the interruptions. So I was at evolution See it again goes back My apologies for this but anyway, let's actually look at So you have the hypervisor and then you have big large components of os and then your application And when you look at how How the space is moving what you see is that the app component increases more and more and the os component shrinks So what you have in unikernel is nothing but the next step of evolution beyond containers. That's what unikernel's up But there's a general trend that you should focus more on the stuff that we actually need And less on stuff that is just an overhead that We may not even use so What are the characteristics of Unikernel right what makes unikernel so unique? So I already kind of discussed that Unikernel's are often High performance and the reason why there's high performance Is because there is less code, right? There's less overhead and there is fast There's no switching between user kernel mode. So they actually operate very fast They they're obviously a lot smaller because you don't really have A large overhead of os code in fact There have been cases where unikernel's basically just going kbs to tell somebody, you know kbs That'll be like kidding me But typically for microservices, right? You're only handling one or two endpoints. You don't really need a lot of code for that So unique kernels tend to be very small and what Another characteristic is faster boot types Because you have less code and your code component your hypervisor component. You're sorry, you're operating someone very stingy you don't really need a lot of A lot of time to boot and this actually has a very interesting property and I'll cover that in details in the later slide But you could have something like an on-demand provision. Sorry security often Let me move to slide back Yeah, that actually is a Is a problem Generally because Everything has a root privilege. You don't really have a concept of security Well, I mean you are trusting people who are writing the code to write code you have methods to test code and all those things Right, uh, you have producing logs and so on So you have a mechanism to audit and you have to trust your development system I mean, there is no built-in security. You could potentially add a layer nothing stops you from doing that But there is no inherent security mechanism and it's a little bit of a A little bit of a design philosophy also because the very fundamental Principle of a unique kernel is have what you only need don't have what you don't need So if you need security You could add a layer yourself, but unique kernel will not enforce the security for you Because it wants to give you the freedom of not having it Right, that's that's a kind of a trade-off I mean, it's the same thing as and this is another thing that I've covered later on is like If you have a lot of utilities of your os that you actually need Then unique kernel is not the best way because you don't have that equivalent in a unique kernel, right? the very the very premise of unique kernel is Deleaf just have what you need and put things as you go along Did that answer your question? Yeah, sure okay, so I was talking about the application of faster boot time Um, when you have microservices, you know, scale up you actually can scale up on demand If you have loaded, you know, you have an auto-balance that scales up because Provisioning a unique kernel and booting it to your fast You literally can do it on demand. There's actually a slide. There's a project about a jitsu I'll have the details in that slide, which is what it does. It just Every time you get a request it provisions a new unique kernel as your load expands just on demand And it works because it's just few milliseconds. You won't even notice it Okay So in the embedded system world What you have is, you know, when I was a kid I used to play with not so much of a kid, but in graduate school I used to play with those microprocessor kits, right? You have the 8088 assembly language and you have a development environment on a DOS PC You write that code. You have an emulator that tests it everything And finally when you deploy it in production environment, which is a microprocessor kit in this case Like an embedded environment, right? It produces that binary That you load it on your microprocessor And that's a single image binary So in a way Unique kernel applies the same philosophy to the cloud That when you develop it you have emulators you have testing stack and everything and you test everything's okay And when you talk about deploying it just uses everything is one binary image and just deploys it on your hypervisor And the problem With that approach, which is even an approach with an embedded System is you have no visibility of what is happening in your actual production environment So during your development testing you have all the facing everything you're using emulation So when you actually put it on your device, that's the end So that's kind of a drawback and how you actually usually they do it in embedded systems Then you have to use the same approaches during the development. You could have logging, right? So you take that issue And you replicate that issue in your debug environment and figure out what's happening Some people consider it as a drawback to unikernel. I personally don't think It as a drawback because I've never come across someone who does live debugging in production What you're really doing is you're replicating that in a debug environment Nothing stops you from replicating that in the debug environment anyway, right? So for someone and I don't know of anyone like that who does Live debugging in production that would be an issue, but not for most of us Use case scenario, okay So microservices is like really popular these days every talk on software architecture talks about microservices And unikernels are quite a good platform quite a good way to approach to implement microservices because they are, you know, small independent single Responsibility principle and they have no good time. I already covered that right that means rapid scaling Because you need that elasticity when you operate at scale Another Potential application is immutable infrastructure. So you reduce your dependency on external components How just take everything and prepare it as one image to statically link the data So these are different use case scenarios. These are just typical use case scenarios, right? This is obviously a very many of them So let's actually move on to the development of it. So how This is how a development stack would look like Okay, so during a development, you have your standard operating system and you have a development runtime, right? Typically how it works and embedded right? You have an emulator think of it as an emulator So your application compiles, you don't actually need the kernel routines because your standard operating systems provide you with that During the development phase Then once I have the development done I move to the testing so testing would have all that Testing still will take all those kernels and file system because you want to know How your application will behave in the production environments will take into effect, but you're still learning under the standard operating system and finally Once your testing is done. You actually Move to the production. So production takes everything and Then puts it on the hypervisor and this is where you lose all the All the visibility of your system Another thing I should actually caution about in kernel is That because there is no difference between an operating system And an application. Let's say you allocate 4gb of RAM To an image right on your system. It will show that you have 4gb finish You're consuming all 4gb even if you don't actually use it Whereas I think in dockers you actually have the ability to take some gb from one container and put it another you would not have that Operate you would not have that Facility in unique kernels because the fundamental fact is a unique kernel does not differentiate between what is an operating system And what is an application they both the same And what tends to often happen Is that you don't want your system to crash during production from running out of memory? So as a result, you know, you tend to overestimate the amount of because you want to play it safe you tend to overestimate the amount of memory that you actually need And provision it accordingly All right, so let's actually go to the benefits of using Well first and foremost You have, you know smaller image. So you have smaller image means you have A either you can use a cheaper VM or you can have high multi-tenancy Right, so you can have several applications packed in one VM You have reduced memory fin and you have reduced computational burden So you don't actually need that much of computation power To power a unique kernel application as much as you would need in a you know a traditional Let's say VM Docker based application Um another advantage boot times, you know, you're talking about really second so Reduced Okay, sorry text is gone faster boot times, right? You have really fast boot times Because you're talking about new seconds.  You just don't have it So reduced attack surface essentially gives you a lot better security properties in the kernel Okay, why not? So far so good. We are talking about all the benefits. Obviously, this is not a perfect solution and There are drawbacks to start with You you're working on the premise that I don't use a lot of components Of operating I don't I don't need all the components of operating system. But what if you need them? Right. So this is unicernel is like an on-demand, right? I don't need file system I don't have file system. But what if you need it? There are times where you need a lot of utility and obviously those are the times you don't want Because they they would not have all those you have to implement it yourself. It's too much of a burden So there's a lot of software for Linux that is not present in Unicernel and one of the drawbacks generally with unicernel is that it's relatively a new technology, right? And with any new technology, there is a There's a lack of tooling. There's a lack of knowledge. This is just not good enough ecosystem. Hopefully Hopefully this is something that we would fix As time passes by but That's the state of of is right now um If unicorns are still gaining popularity, I think with with with the switch to microservices I would say that adoption of unicernel is going to be much more than As opposed to now, but it's still, you know, it's it's a while before we see unicernel entering a mainstream technology Okay, so we have a lot of implementation. I just have some of them, right? But if you go to this website, you have a lot of them um one of the things with unicernel is because the operating system and Your application is fused together. You have a limit on a certain kind of programming language is good You don't really have a general purpose system that a VM has So for example, Mirage OS, you have to have your application with a language called OCaml for those of you who's not familiar It's a functional programming language From the ml ml family that was in 1975. They had this language called ml use for natural language processing theorem So on so Mirage OS is there in a click OS, you know, it boots on the 30 millisecond very tiny you have um Haskell's VM hl and this is actually made by a famous company called Cal it's actually a French company. They write it as gal was the ground is that gal was this requires you to have Haskell um, you also have some kind of Unicernels that basically emulate something like a Tomcat server, right? So any application that is running on Tomcat server you could potentially Have it in unicernels and you put it on this Uh, I forgot the name. I think it's osv osv is an osv. Yeah, this one this actually I think emulates the Tomcat server Okay, so one of the popular virtualization server for unicernels is then virtualization server and What Zen virtualization server is it's a micro kernel design, right? So it doesn't have that monolithic It uses para virtualization. What is para virtualization? Let's say that you're you're running a network, right? Your data comes in your data is unpacked and then your application because the application does not know whether Let's say you're running on a post read, right? And you have several VMs running on a hypervisor Your application does not actually know Whether you're running on a hypervisor or native VM, right? It's transferred into that So you have a data coming from the network You actually unpack the data and then you have to repack the data and then send it to the application Which will unpack it again. So para virtualization is sort of Uh, essentially a modified image where it makes a certain assumption And it's aware of the fact that I'm actually running in a hypervisor or in a virtual environment and not in native So it has it expects a uniform interface And in that interface it actually Can do a lot. It doesn't have to do a lot of unnecessary work that a traditional VM on a hypervisor would have to do So what it gives you is the benefit of having high performance then is a very high And it also has a live migration.  It's the right term. I think would be semi live migration. But What live migration is that you can move your image While it's being run from one physical post to another physical post With almost no interruption and I'm using the word almost because there is I mean any impression. That's why I'm calling the Semi live migration But you could do that whereas you can't do something on like that on a docker idea to stop We deploy in a physical post and that's important Let's say in an application areas where you have to move an application It's running from one data center to another center because maybe Maybe your users come from another part of the world Let's say I have an application running in a us data center and suddenly I have a surge of application coming A surge of requests coming from china and I think it's actually better lower latency for me to move this application from my us data center to China's data center Can do that without interruption. That's what then allows you to do a lot of a unicolonial projects actually target the zen Zen virtualization server including mirage os and talking about mirage here. Let's actually introduce mirage os So mirage os mirage tool basically builds these unicolonial for various backgrounds now that you see here I don't know if it's visible. I think it is. Yeah, so you have different back ends x86 hardware the browser And you know boogajava which can run on google app engine And what it does is that it it has these components for all of these back So it takes your application and you have to write your application in okambo to be used for morad os And combined with you can retarget all the different kind of Platforms that mirage supports I think the mirage os Um has some additional This is this is up till version 3 version 3 supports some additional Platforms that I have not included here Okay, so we talked about on demand application Well, there's a project called jitsu. That's the source And what it does is is just in time summoning of unicolonial. So As I have a request I can just boot up a unicolonial process that request and you know, there are all sorts of different configuration I can keep it alive But if I see that the request load is doing and I don't really need that many instances of the kernel I can shut them down You could do the same thing in a traditional environment The problem is that it takes more time it takes few seconds for you to boot up and shut down Whereas in unicolonial because that boot up and shut down process is really really fast you can do it Quite nicely like you can do it at a rapid pace of scaling downscaling and upscaling So dns server would start the unicolonial on demand. It's it's actually being tested on mirage os Mirage os folks. They actually have this jitsu project and drum cup unicolonials anyway So I have some resources For mirage os we have this for unicolonial. We showed this website actually wiki page is is quite Described gini kernel quite well There are some research papers. There are some articles and we do have a book from orally about internals so That's a good reference Coming towards the end the conclusion. So unicolonial is a promising new technology. It's It's actually the next step of evolution, but Again, right now it's kind of immature. I would see the adoption going more as we move more toward the microservices world but relatively now it's it's It's in its infancy. It's particularly relevant for cloud and microservices that as I mentioned They are secure images support very high multi-tenancy Very fast boot times on the one provisioning. You have a lot of open source projects They are some commercial projects also, but they support a large number of different platforms and runtimes But yeah, it's it's still in its infancy and you know, there's an ecosystem around it is relatively immature I'm up for push-ups I think microservices would have a lot of use cases I do not know of right now. I'm not aware of any big case study or any particular commercial application that I can point out Because like I said, it's a relatively new There's open stop running, but I would say that microservices would be one potential application area that I could completely see And what makes unique kernels really good for microservices that two particular things that stand out one Actually three I would say one they are small images, which means high level of multi-tenancy So that's more cost effective for you right in one year. You can run many instance be security less attack surface and three Fast scale Because you have low boost and you can create more instances very fast So microservice is actually something like a really good application area for unique services microservices. Obviously have gained a lot of traction Many organizations have adopted it some are still in process. I had a friend in microsoft He actually called me last year the microsoft has now started adopting microservice. Yeah So those would be the particularly niche areas for unique and unlike any application I'd say that it it picks up when you have a certain niche areas where there is a dying need for it And I see the potential how far would unique kernels go? Nobody Any other question That's why you need the whole Let's say Unicernal one I would still have different using different Us Yeah, so I agree with you monolithic is obviously an anti-pattern for Unicernal I think in terms of adoption and this is this is not related to unique kernels you The graph is not a linear graph that you go over time right you have some early adopters and they experimented and you know Everybody says things and then you have a little bit of disappointment because people start thinking this is the perfect technology unfortunately, there's no such thing as a perfect technology and finally you find like one or two niche areas where You know, suddenly it becomes popular. Hey, this is the kind of problem solved and then everybody starts doing this So the graph would look you know Initially the growth is slow and then there is an infliction point and then it picks up Unicernals have obviously not reached that infliction point and hopefully to do but obviously there's no such thing as a guarantee in that aspect So, yes, we are in the infancy and also For for a lot of high adoption you need a mature tooling tooling is often very important. I mean, I've had people using antique system just because everybody uses java.  So the ecosystem actually Matters and it becomes a cash 22 situation right people want to adopt because there's a good ecosystem But there'll be a good ecosystem because there has to be good. Yeah So once that cycle hits a mature point, you would see the growth We are not there yet in terms of Any other question during the build time During the build time you can actually because you import the library See think of think of your traditional operating system, right?  Now if you have a smart compiler That says okay, you imported stio But I know from your port that you actually use the 10 functions out of the 50 functions, right? I would create an stdio for you that only has those 10 functions And obviously if those 10 functions call something else then I would have those dependent functions But I would not have everything Right So a mirage compiler or any unicorn compiler is smart enough that it knows When you declare that these are the dependency actually you So it it has this entire operating system It's library component and then just pulls those components as and when needed rather than just pulling everything become and that happens during the compile So when your image is built it only has Any other questions? Thank you


What's up everyone takedown here welcome back to another video something that you guys might not know about me is that I'm a huge fan of the Fast and the Furious franchise so today decided to rank every movie in the Fast and the Furious series Let's get right into this Okay, so before we get into this video. I just want to mention that I'm only gonna be ranking from the first movie up until the 8th I'm not gonna be ranking Hobbs and Shaw because technically it is a spin-off series and also because I have yet to watch that movie So for this video, I'm only gonna be ranking the first eight movies in the Fast and the Furious franchise Up first is the Fast and the Furious this for me is the most iconic one and the most memorable one Because it was all about street racing which is what got me into this series to begin with in this one here We have Dom who is a highly popular street racer But on the side he does a lot of criminal activity which is hijacking Transports and other crimes like that and we also have Brian who is an undercover cop trying to help take down Dom in this movie Dom basically brings in Brian to his crew because Brian is a newcomer to street racing and he tries to help him out there and It's not revealed until the end of the movie that Brian is a cop So Dom this whole time did not know that Brian was a cop until the end of the movie There's a lot of street racing in this movie, which I'm a huge fan of and again That's what this series is all about whenever it started So I honestly loved this movie my favorite scene of this movie is at the end Whenever Brian and Dom do the quarter of a mile race and it results in Dom getting hit by the train This movie has a lot going for it. It's a great story It has a lot of street racing a lot of cool cars in it It has Dom and Brian, which I love them together. They're great in the movies So for this movie here I'm gonna have to rate it a 9 out of 10 because it is my favorite movie in the whole franchise The next movie is too fast too furious, which again is a great movie But it only focuses on Brian. It has nothing to do with Dom in this movie It mainly shows that Brian basically leaves his life as a cop behind an LA to go to Miami, Florida To get into street racing there in a new city Which he does and he does great with it until the feds catch up with them And he has to work out a deal with the FBI to help take down a very dangerous drug dealer With the help of an old friend Roman, which is played by Tyrese Gibson They eventually are able to take down this drug dealer But in this movie there again is a lot of street racing scenes Which is what got me into this series to begin with but also Tyrese Gibson is hilarious So there's a lot of funny moments in this movie this movie here because of how special it is it focuses on Brian It doesn't have dominant unfortunately But it shows what Brian did after the events of the first movie It has Tyrese Gibson in it a lot of street racing and it is a pretty funny movie and a great movie great story everything about it It's awesome. I'm going to give it an 8.5 out of 10 because this is also a great movie The next movie is the Fast and the Furious Tokyo Drift This one here is a whole change up to the whole series because it does not have Brian nor Dom in this movie Dom does make a cameo at the end of the movie But this whole movie is not focused on anybody from the whole Fast and the Furious franchise In fact for this movie to make sense more you should be watching it as about the fifth Maybe even the sixth movie in the franchise if you're gonna watch from the first up to the eighth It makes more sense to watch it as the fifth movie instead of the third movie just for the story to make more sense But with that given it is mainly focusing on Sean, which is a new character in the series But he's only shown in this movie He's never shown again in any of the other movies for the Fast and the Furious So for me that is very disappointing I thought he was great in this movie here, but he's never again seen in the Fast and the Furious series in this one it mainly focuses on Sean who is In street racing, but he's in street racing in North America He has a Chevelle and he does good there But he gets caught by the police and he has to basically go to Japan where his father is To basically learn discipline, but while in Japan he learns about street racing He learns more about drifting which he didn't know anything about before and that's what he basically has to get taught Is drifting which as you guys might know I'm a huge fan of drifting. I think it's very cool I love doing it in video games So the fact that this is not only on street racing it is on drifting That's why I'm gonna have to rate it seven out of ten and story is very cool But it actually has to me nothing to do with the rest of the Fast and the Furious Other than the fact that Han who is the guy at the end of Tokyo drift who gets killed He makes a return in the fourth or fifth Fast and the Furious movie The fourth movie in the franchise is Fast and the Furious in this movie Dom is forced to come out of hiding whenever Letty gets killed and he basically wants to find the culprit and find Why she got murdered and who murdered her and he also finally crosses paths with Brian Which they put their differences aside to basically investigate who killed her in this movie. There is very little street racing There is a few street racing scenes, but there is very little street racing and it also crosses into Mexico when it shows the tunnels getting into Mexico Which I thought was pretty cool. So for this one here. The story is very unique, but it's not based on a lot of street racing It's based on who killed Letty, which is great for story purposes But the fact that she got killed off in this movie is very odd And I believe the reason she wasn't in this movie She actually got killed off in the franchise is mainly because I think at this time She had other movie roles that she was committed to and she couldn't give those up to come and be in the Fast and Furious franchise So in story they had to kill her off So for this one here because of the story is on point and it brought back Dom and Brian I'm gonna have to give it a 7.5 out of 10. The next movie in the franchise is Fast 5 This is where it starts to go downhill and instead of doing a lot of street racing It was more focused on action and a lot of cool cars and also focused on Dom and Brian and the rest of the crew So it was mainly focused on story, which is still great I just wish they had the street racing effects like they did for the first few movies That's what for me It was all about in this movie ever since Brian and Mia broke Dom out of custody They have basically traveled border to border evading the authorities, which is really cool But now there is a corrupt a businessman which is trying to get them killed So they basically have to stop and confront him before the federal agent which is played by the rock gets to them first So this is a lot of action in this movie. The rock is in this movie It's very cool But because there is not much street racing in this movie just a lot of cool cars I'm gonna have to rate it a 7 out of 10 The next movie is Fast and Furious 6 which in this one here ever since Dom Brian and the rest of the crew did That big heist in Rio they became very rich and basically had to scour the globe because they were not able to return home to their families In this one here agent Hobbs, which is played by the rock Has been tracking a bunch of mercenary drivers who is somebody that Dom knows very well It is Leti who was killed in the fourth movie. That's why in this one Having her get killed off and then return in the sixth movie for me Did not make a whole lot of sense for story purposes and it was very choppy very iffy The story didn't make complete sense Basically what happened is after the accident in the fourth movie. She did not get killed She actually lost her memory and the guy that actually hit her is the one that took her in and brought her into Their team which is the mercenary drivers So in this one Dom and the group basically have to try to not only take down these mercenaries But also to try to get Leti back to try to help her remember that she was part of their family And she's not a bad guy. She's part of the good guys team So this movie here is very odd very iffy for the story for this movie I'm gonna have to rank it a 6.5 out of 10 the next movie is Furious 7 Which is a great movie, but it's also very emotional because part ways through shooting this movie Paul Walker who played Brian Actually died in a car crash and his brothers had to step in and they had to do I think it's CGI to make it look like it's Paul Walker But in fact it is his brothers that are stepping in on the role So it's very emotional there in this one here There is basically the older brother to the bad guy that died in the sixth movie who's back for revenge basically he's the one that killed Han and That's why at the end of the movie for Fast and the Furious Tokyo Drift That movie should be watched as the fifth or sixth movie just for story purposes Because Han died at the end of that movie and they came back for the fourth and fifth movie Odd for the story But that's why Tokyo Drift should be watched as the fifth or sixth movie in the series But basically that guy is back for revenge So the government agent is offering help for Dom and says he will take care of Sean And he will kill Sean or do whatever he needs to with Sean Which is the one that is trying to get Dom and his group basically killed He's back for revenge on them if Dom and his crew can help rescue a kidnapped computer hacker But again, it is very emotional because Paul Walker died partway through filming this movie So there's a lot of emotional factors for this movie But for this one here because of everything that's going for it It is a great story the fact that they're tying in Tokyo Drift Which in my opinion had nothing to do with the rest of the series It was very odd why they did Tokyo Drift other than the street racing Blow up in Japan, which made sense at the time the story honestly It should get a 7.5 out of 10 and that's what I'm gonna be ranking this movie The next movie is Fate of the Furious Which is a very choppy movie because Dom is portrayed to be a bad guy in this movie Where in fact he's blackmailed to keep his loved ones alive So it's very odd there some bad guys from previous movies actually returned some of that what I thought was dead Returned to help take down at the end of the movie. There's a lot of very odd scenes a lot of very good scenes, but very choppy Very odd and it's very chaotic to see what in fact is going to happen but at the end of the movie Dom actually gets his loved one back the Former lover of his actually got killed But he got his son back which he had with his former lover back whenever Leti Was portrayed to be dead and then she returned to the series So for story purposes, it's very odd So I'm gonna give it a six out of ten just because the story it eventually made sense But going through the movie it didn't make a lot of sense. It was very odd and it very confusing So this was me ranking every movie in the Fast and the Furious franchise. What would you rank all of the movies? Would you rank some higher or would you rank some lower? Let me know down in the comments below, but I'm gonna leave this video here Hope you guys did enjoy. I'll see you guys in the next one. Please take care. Peace


What's up guys take down here in today. I'm gonna be opening and unboxing my geek fuel monthly Subscription box finally it came in it was only a week since I ordered it so it came in pretty fast Super excited as you guys can see on the channel. I'm into comic books collecting stuff Gaming and this is a little bit of everything Look at the box to start. I seen that Box is in the perfect condition. No dents. I was I was kind of worried about that So I'm pretty sure all the contents are gonna be unbroken all in Great condition. I can't wait to open it. So let's get into it January. However, I might as well Just say this isn't a sponsored video, but January they had a great deal Which all you had to pay was the shipping fee and you got the box for free And I think the box itself is 30 bucks might be wrong on that You get one t-shirt guaranteed Get my knife out. We'll pair up. I'll probably keep the box because of how cool it is And I'll probably put my hockey cards in it because you guys know I've been collecting that All right, let's open this up. Super excited Okay Even the inside of the box looks cool first look right there this is your Booklet you get this is issue 36 of their geek fuel magazine. That's pretty interesting Mario in the front Basically, it's just gonna explain About certain gear that's coming out movies Okay That's cool. It has movies that are coming out Marvel movies that are coming out in the future. Let me share that here So that's cool And it gives you contests and stuff like that stuff you could get stuff you could Gift to people. So that's pretty cool Well, let's get into what we receive geek fuel 2018 Not sure what this is doesn't really say bring out the knife. I can't remember what month This theme is what January's theme was We are about to find out. I know it was something. I'm into and I enjoy it as a child still into in these days Oh That's cool This is what you get.  I believe Amazing condition great quality 2018 geek fuel so you get a pin. So that's my first pin. I've ever gotten I'll show you the back not that the backs any cooler. This box is pretty cool You get your geek fuel. It's kind of like the same design As the the box so that's not bad. I like that I'm gonna save the Actually, let's do the big one now Because there's something bigger underneath which looks really cool but Geek fuel this has to be transformers look at that transformers it must be a figure or something No, it is the t-shirt I was mentioning earlier. That's right. I don't see a t-shirt in there It's gonna be a transformers t-shirt. That's gonna be cool. Let's see. Ooh, I like that's anything on the back Nope first look Optimus Prime you guys can see that there That's a cool shirt. I Will try that on in a minute for the camera That looks amazing amazing quality shirt. Oh we See what else we got in here This is heavy. This is heavy. Oh, that's all that's awesome I might as well show you the whole thing. It's a notebook Maybe and it's like a game cartridge. Look at that the old Nintendo game cartridges. Oh That's cool one of six entertaining designs a five notebook series. So this is simply a notebook. I believe I Don't want to ruin the box because of how cool that box is. It's like a retro Nintendo game Not bad. Oh that looks cool Let's open it right up. Oh, that's part of it. Okay, it is the legend of Zola premium notebook That looks cool. Oh, look at that. It's like gold All around the buck give you a back view That's really cool. I like that all empty pages. So literally a notebook. You can write whatever you want in there Put that like that. So the sleeve does come off. I didn't think it did that's a cool little notebook. It's heavy too Great quality. That's gonna be nice on the shelf. I've never really been into legends of Zelda never played a Zelda game But I can respect The franchise I think it's really cool That the box was a game cartridge, let's see what else we have in here. Oh Oh That's cool Okay, you get a downloadable game. This is the marvelous miss take Not sure what that is Downloads stream game. So you get a stream game in here There's a key on the card you punch it in on stream That's cool $20 value. That's awesome. I Like that. I'm not really a PC gamer though. Let's try on the shirt make sure it fits. I hope it does that would be a win on this box Well, let's check it out. The shirt fits amazing You know how sometimes you get a shirt online or you have one of these subscriptions and you put your size in This one here. I got an extra large it fits. It's perfect. It's comfortable. It's not tight at all So I'm extremely happy as you guys know, I'm a huge fan of transformers growing up I used to watch them all the time. So I'm happy this shirt is a win this geek fuel box Unboxing is a win. I Don't know if the value is there for me But the value is there. I mean you get a $20 stream will You get a $20 downloadable game So that on its own is pretty cool You get a lanyard, which I just opened it up now and I thought that's pretty long That doesn't look right, but there's a little button You snap it on it's like a lanyard has geek fuel on it pretty cool. That is a nice Little gift. I do like to pin pins actually really heavy geek fuel 2018 It's a heavy pin So I will say this box was a win I might use this game as a giveaway in the future so There's gonna be something along the lines of you'll have to follow me on Instagram and follow me on my Facebook page and subscribe to the channel in order to get it, but That's something I can do. I don't even know the game. So it's not even worth me Trying to play it just because I don't like PC games that much. I will give this out of 10. I'm gonna give it a 7.5 It was worth it. It was worth it for me for an experience So maybe I'll get another one in the future depending on the theme That is the number one thing with me is the theme because if it wasn't for it saying transformers on it I probably wouldn't have got it this shirt the shirt because it's always a mystery shirt So is a question of whether or not it's gonna be something you'll like and You'll wear and I'm definitely gonna be wearing this. So This was the unboxing It was either gonna be this or loot crate loot crate this month and last month They weren't of interest to me. So I had to go with geek fuel cheaper I think it comes from Sweden elite at least I think that's what it said on the tag But I will leave this video here I will see you guys in the next one. Take care Get yourself one if you like if it's interesting, but always remember watch to see what this what the month's theme is and I'll just say it again You could win this this will likely be a giveaway What I'll say now is you'll have to like me on Facebook like my the real takedown on Facebook You'll have to follow me on Instagram the real takedown and subscribe to this channel So that will be kind of my three requirements for it. I might have one other in the future, but Probably for a month or two until I officially announced this giveaway So just stay tuned watch on the channel watch the videos and there'll be an update later on But I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace


When you think about modifying cars, you typically think about stuff like wrenches and shiny metal objects swearing at them a lot until they work They probably do plenty of that, but we spend even more time with keyboards and looking at code on a computer screen swearing at that until it works Try to remember some of the basics of CQC If you took computer science class in high school, you know that the term ROM stands for read only memory The term is actually discussed quite a bit behind the scenes when developing tuning support for modern cars But the context is a little bit different The ECU in your car is a computer It has a processor and memory and just like your laptop is run by an operating system The engine in your car is run by a program that's stored on the ECU's ROM The very core of OEM ECU tuning hinges on the ability to expose and modify the data in the ROM Accessing, adjusting, then rewriting the original OEM ROM is what allows a tuner to make changes to things like timing, fueling, boost, and so on The thing that gets a little confusing is that ROM is a literal component on the ECU But we also often refer to the program on the ROM as a ROM Each OEM uses a specific ECU for each generation of a certain car But even within a single generation, there can be many different versions of the program that serve as the ECU's operating system Each of those different versions are referred to as different ROMs So providing full tuning support for a generation of even one car model usually requires the discovery and modification of many different ROMs that exist in different forms across the world and tend to change every year Sometimes even multiple versions exist within a single market Thanks, California Then to take it even further in order to make the cars perform special functions that the OEM never designed into the car from the factory Like flex fuel, advanced launch control, map switching, etc We even make customized Cob versions of the ROMs with unique tables that can only be applied with an access port and our own custom software This is a huge topic if you really want to dig into it But at the very least hopefully that gives you a basic understanding of what we're referring to when we use the term ROM And the amount of brain power and effort that goes into making it all work so easily for you


My name is Cliff Fretwell. I live in Atlanta, Georgia. I'm 43 years old. I'm a father of two and a grandfather of two. For those that say that I can't relate to being a black man today in America, you're a thousand percent correct. But what I can relate to is raising my biracial son for the last 25 years and the things I witnessed and tried to protect him from watching his attempt to fit in. When some days he didn't fit in with either side, I adopted him when he was four. And from that moment on, he wasn't my stepson. He wasn't my adopted son. He was my son. And I was there unconditionally to teach him to raise his kids better than I raised him. I witnessed the learned hate from all angles. And I wasn't ready for it. I didn't know what I was sounding up for. I wasn't ready for it. I even witnessed black teachers and mentors in his life had their hands tied because of the system. Teachers are supposed to be an extension of the love and positivity that we teach in our homes. And I felt like that was stifled. It was regulated. There were times when I would go to a school because of stuff and I would be talking to black administrators. And they were just kind of coaching me on this is kind of how it is. He's got to figure out his way through this. And it was extremely frustrating for me because it was something I never experienced before. I haven't waited to post because I was scared. I haven't waited to post because I was worried about what people would think. I waited to post because I wanted to get my thoughts properly organized so I could convey them out to whoever wanted to listen or choose to not listen. No narrative, no agenda, no gray areas, no skirt and the lines. Just my perspective on what I experienced raising my son for the last 25 years. And in light of the recent murder of Armand Aubrey and the very public killing of George Floyd, I wanted to be clear on where I stand. I haven't seen too many business owners. I haven't seen too many businesses without the push of other people on social media trying to force these guys to take a stand and force these businesses to speak out on where they stand. I think a lot of people are scared what it's going to do to their social circles. I think a lot of people are scared of what it's going to do to their pocketbooks or how it's going to be perceived on the internet. And to that I asked those people like, are you really worried about that? Are you worried about your hollow words not lining up with the person you are behind closed doors? And I think a lot of people got to take a look at that. If you're a kid watching this, ask your parents why you hear the hateful words in your home. Ask your parents why they use derogatory, racist, negative statements about other people of color, people with other religions. Hate is taught in the home. It's a learned behavior. It's not something we're born with. It's not something that's in our DNA. And that's the thing that scares me about where we're headed. That's the thing that scares me about the lack of people addressing things. And I don't feel like this should be a black problem. I think the burden shouldn't be on the black community to fix this. The burden's on the human race. The burden's on all of us to make a better world. If you're only worried about the white community or the Latino community because it only affects you, you're sorely mistaken and take a look around at what's happening. I thought I did a good job of educating myself on how to raise my son. I thought I did a good job on exposing myself to things I was unaware of growing up as a white kid so I could have empathy for not only his situations but the people around him and the situations they were putting him in. As an adult, a lot of times you feel a little bit more safe because it's the things you can control.  I thought I had a pretty good grasp on that, but I didn't. As things started to be more clear with me about the world my son was living in and growing up in, the more it started to scare me. I still have talks with my son to this day about his interactions in certain social circles, his interactions with law enforcement if he gets pulled over. I have to explain to him that even though he grew up in a white home, he doesn't get to enjoy the luxuries that I have just because of the color of his skin. That's so foreign to me to have that conversation with my son. It's scary. It's scary as an almost 30-year-old man now with two kids of his own that are now biracial kids growing up in this world, what world he's going to raise them in. We've gone so far as discussing putting cameras in his car just to protect himself, just to protect himself so he can be there for his family. That's terrifying. That's terrifying to know that I still have to protect him and that he's got to learn to educate his children on how to protect themselves to the African-American parents that send their kids off and are scared when they leave the house, whether they're going to the store, whether they're heading off to school or whether they're moving out to start their own family. I understand your uncertainty and fear to the wives that their husbands leave to go to work and you're worried about them getting pulled over or having an encounter with police on the way home. I can't imagine the uncertainty and the stress of a normal day of the uncertainty of the worrying. Those situations break my heart. Those situations are things that it's tough for me to wrap my head around. Those listening to this video and disagree with me because I'm white and I can't relate, I completely understand. I know why, but I'm sending love out to you guys anyways. I'm sending love out to your community. I'm sending love out to you to deal with the pain. I'm sending love out to you guys to hopefully bridge that gap for you guys listening. If you guys are listening and think the world is fine, and this is just a couple of hiccups, or it's just one bad cop, you guys got to do some soul searching. This is not something that's just happened a couple of times. I often think a lot of these people that have skewed perspective, if their family member was on their deathbed and needed a doctor to save their life, would they first ask what race the doctor was before the doctor saved their life, or would they just want any resource possible, but then flip the script when it's something that they deem is not near as important. To raise someone to hate or to create a condition for someone to learn how to hate is one of the most cowardly things we can do.  You're the problem. If you think any racism is acceptable on any level, just miss me in the future. Miss me on social media. Miss my family in public. Just miss me completely. And for those of you responding, action speak, I hear you.  They won't fit in. The compounds about love, equality, positive progress. If you're teaching your hate in your home, you're not going to fit in at my club. You're not going to fit into my gym.  Don't do business with me. Don't have any association with any events that I host, any things that I sponsor. And people that ask me to sponsor their events know where I stand on that because it might cost you some money down the road for some people with some skewed perspective. I want to say to people that wake up every day with hate in their heart, take a long, hard look in the mirror. You learned it from somewhere and it's not too late. It's not too late. It's not too late to go back and change. It's not too late to gain new perspective. It's not too late to look for guidance and empathy for what's going on with other people in their lives and things around the world. If you don't want the human race to win as bad as you want your family and yourself to win, then you got some issues. You got some soul searching to do. And lastly, to my community, oh, you got an apology. I owe my community an apology for not unconditionally standing up and confronting racism every time I witnessed it.  To my community, I'm going to do a better job to bridge the gap. We got to be better than this moment.


All right. Good morning. Thank you all for joining us today. I always say that government works best when it works together. One of the great things about working for Mayor Adams is every time we do a brief presentation, the question you always get asked is how are you working with other agencies? How are you working with the Mayor's Office of Energy Affairs? How are you working with community engagement units? How are you working with all the other agencies because he also knows that government works best when it works together? And that's certainly the case here in delivering these supplies to the people of Ukraine. So New York City Emergency Management is very proud to join Mayor Adams, along with First Deputy Mayor Lorraine Grillo and leaders from DCAS, the Mayor's Office of International Affairs, the Office of Chief Medical Examiner, FDNY and the Health Department to provide these critically needed items to the people of Ukraine and to help coordinate these humanitarian efforts. I'd also like to extend a warm welcome to the Consul General for being here with us today. Consul General Holabov, thank you for joining us. I also want to just extend a quick thank you to our logistics and support services staff here at Emergency Management for helping to organize these efforts and to prepare the delivery of supplies. Just like New York City, we are making sure that we're getting the right resources to the right place at the right time. And as a veteran, as somebody who has seen the horrors of war up front and personally, the humanitarian costs of wars, I also just want to extend a big thank you to Mayor Eric Adams for leading this charge and making sure that the city is meeting our obligation to the people of Ukraine. So thank you very much. With that said, Mayor Adams. Thank you, thank you so much. I really want to thank Zach and what he's doing over at OEM and how he's bringing just his strategic abilities to our operation on from storms to preparedness for major catastrophes to something as this. He brings that real experience. And this is amazing team. And you're right, Zach, the coordination is crucial if we're going to execute the plans on how to ensure we respond to what is happening in our city and be enjoying with my other leadership team that is part of this initiative and the new branding of our international affairs. Commissioner Murmestein, you have taken our international affairs to another level. This is an international city. Whatever plays out on the stage of crisis globally, it plays out on the streets of New York. It's no secret that we have the largest Ukrainian population in America, right here in New York. So if it's happening in their homeland, it is traumatizing and impacting the people who are here. That's why we allocated earlier this year $2 million to Ukrainians to help. With the resettling here as the war overseas continue to move forward. And so I just want to thank you and your entire team for what you're doing. We've also partnered with nonprofits who are providing legal services to those in need. Trying to find a new home in another country is extremely traumatizing. And we want to make sure we allow it to be a smooth transition. But today is also significant. Today, we're here to announce that New York City is providing another level, another round of humanitarian aid directly to those in Ukraine. The war is still going on and basic items are needed. You can see some of the items that we're providing that are being loaded in these trucks. The donations are much needed essential supplies like hospital beds, medical supplies, food, rations, water, electronics. All the things we take for granted and we can pick up every day. It is part of the everyday life of those Ukrainian citizens. I don't know if any of you saw the photos that show those young people standing near buildings in ruins as they had to find a way to celebrate their graduation. They did not have a normal graduation. The abnormality of war is impacting the people. We could alleviate that impact by what we're doing. 72 pallets of supplies going this week alone. The city has already donated 1.5 million items with 150 pallets having already touched down. That is extremely impressive and that is how we help our neighbors in the Ukraine. In total, we deliver it over 400 pallets and the coming weeks we will be delivering. Enough to fill an entire football field our commitment and dedication is real. And so I want to thank all of our partners who have participated in putting this together. DCAS, thanks so much for really navigating how do we make this happen. Commissioner, you continue to do an amazing job over at DCAS. New York City Emergency Management, as I indicated, OCME and of course Acting Commissioner Kavanaugh in the FDNY. All of our offices in the city, our city agencies have in some way participated in the Office of International Affairs and my good friend and council general of Ukraine of their connections to the brotherhood and sisterhood that we are having here in this city is saying to you that you are our brothers and sisters and we're going to be here for you during this time of this experience in this crisis. This is a city of immigrants. This is a city of refugees and we want our brothers and sisters from the Ukraine. Those who are here and who will be coming here to know that as family, we're going to look after each other. So we see what is happening in Ukraine. We see the suffering and the pain. Bombs that are dropped on the streets of Ukraine are felt here on the streets and neighborhood of New York City. And I applaud the bravery of the president of Zelensky and the Ukrainian people, they have energized us all to know that together we're going to see ourselves through this awful war and bring peace back to the Ukrainian people. We can fight on the ground with you, but on the ground here we're going to give you the supplies to assist you as you fight for your freedom and liberation during this horrific war. Thank you very much. I'll turn it back over to our commissioner. I'd like to invite my friend, Commissioner Pinnick from DCAS, the microphone. Thank you so much, Commissioner Iskall and Mayor Adams. I am honored to join all of you this morning. I want to start by thanking everyone who made this donation possible, especially our sister agencies. The Office of International Affairs, the Office of Emergency Management, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, the New York City Fire Department, and also our shipping partner, MIST. Together we've been able to provide essential goods that help the people of the Ukraine. It's a reflection of government in action and working towards a common goal. And there is no greater goal or no goal that's more important than providing aid to those in greatest need. The spirit of collaboration and compassion are defining qualities of our great city, and in moments such as these, there is no alternative action. We must do what we can to help others. We share resources, we work together, and we deliver on our promises. It's among our duties as civil servants and as global citizens. Through these donations, we've been able to deliver hospital beds, mattresses, ventilator parts, water, and so many more essential items. Since April, we've shipped over $1.5 million worth of items. And now today, we are delivering nearly 600 beds and mattresses. It is my hope that these beds reach those who are in greatest need. We are grateful and proud to help facilitate these shipments and extend our mission to have New York City government work for all. To the people of Ukraine, please know that we hear you, we see you, and we'll continue to lend support through our humanitarian aid. Thank you so much. Thank you, Commissioner. I would like to invite Commissioner Rommelstein to the stage. Thank you. Thank you, Commissioner Iskall. I'd like to applaud, once again, Mayor Adams on wavering leadership in supporting the Ukrainian community during this important time. Our mayor has shown that New York City is a global city that leads by example at all times, including during moments of crisis. These humanitarian supplies are going to be indispensable, especially as we hear the continued horrifying news from Ukraine. The time has passed for these unprovoked attacks, and we must call for their end so that the Ukrainian communities can rebuild. I thank all of our sister agencies, the Councilate, the logistical support from Ukraine, as well as the government of Ukraine for working with us to manage this project. Sincere gratitude especially to Council General Holov for his continued collaboration. My office will continue supporting this administration's efforts and to build on our positive relationships to maintain the momentum of action. Thank you so much. And would like to invite up Acting Commissioner Kavanaugh. Thank you. Good afternoon and thank you.  They said, we have to do something. We have to help. And I'm so proud of them. They raised money. They identified supplies. They wanted to stand in solidarity with the people of Ukraine. And from day one, they wanted to do that. And one of the big questions was, how will we get it there? How is this possible? And thanks to the Mayor's office and the team behind me, that was not an issue. We banded together, like everyone has said, and we made sure that everything that we could do would immediately reach the people of Ukraine. And I'm so proud to represent the department that was a part of that, to represent the city as a department, as a city, as an administration. We stand with the people of Ukraine. Thank you. Thank you, Laura. And would like to also introduce Consul General Hullabove to make a few remarks here as well. I also just want to say thank you for being here with us today. We were speaking beforehand, like myself, the Consul General is also a father. And he has family back in the Ukraine. And you can imagine how difficult that must be for him to be here supporting this incredible mission. And I hope that the work that we're doing here in New York City to support the people of Ukraine and your effort gives some meaning to that sacrifice that you're making, being away from your family. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. Distinguished representatives of the New York City government. Esteemed audience, thank you for having me today. At this wonderful occasion, when support and solidarity with Ukraine is so brightly symbolized by another trench or another round of humanitarian assistance, which the city of New York provides my country and my people since April, meeting the most acute, the most pressing needs of those Ukrainians who are in the most, say, terrific situations. Today, it is 120th day since that night on the February 24th, when Russia brought to Ukrainian land this horrific, unprovoked and unjustifiable war. 120 days, Ukrainians defend their land, their families, their beloved, and also the freedom, freedom for Ukraine to choose its own way and freedom for the whole world. It is very important in this hour's struggle to feel we are not alone. And this assistance that we received, we're receiving, and we will be receiving, I'm sure about that, gives a very strong signal, very bright and very strong. Strong for us Ukrainians that we are not alone. We are supported, we are supported by Americans. We are supported by the city. We're supported by practically each and every personality here in New York from whom I hear we are all Ukrainians now. It is also a very strong signal to Kremlin, to Moscow, that Ukraine is being supported and will be supported by the collective west, by the democratic world to the very day of our victory, of our common victory over our common enemy. I wish just to thank Mayor Adams, his dedicated team, for immediate response to the situation in my country, for non-stopping efforts of providing so needed medical equipment. Well, I would not even go into details for providing things, goods that are prioritized by the government of Ukraine and so badly needed in my country. And I must say that this active involvement of the city into support of Ukraine at these very difficult days for my country gives a very clear picture that the big apple is a big friend of my country, of Ukraine. I thank you very much for that. I'm going to further cooperate with your team, Mr. Mayor. I'm sure there are a lot of things which we can do further, as we did before, effectively and efficiently. I thank you very much. God bless America and Slavo-Ukraine. That concludes our program. Thank you all for joining us today. Look forward to seeing you afterwards. Thank you.


figure out the incentive structure about whether we can compensate people who create paid views with people who have media rights and how that all works and I think one of the things that came out was performance which is that the the blockchain world is not an Instagram scale which means if all of Instagram is monetized it's on blockchain in about two seconds the and but the question then becomes how do we do that we talked about layering different things maybe the title will be in the Bitcoin blockchain sidechains next layer and then the actual wall records will be in slightly maybe still decentralized but more efficient to mention media chain we mentioned big chain TV as a potential approach building on topic technology I'm sure that would come up but the idea here is that if we want to seriously think about views media on the blockchain we have to deal with transactions like you know instead of thinking about media as like oh if you don't have the rights that you cannot access the file that smells of DRM it's really about incentive you participate in this value network you're getting new audience for the thing you're getting people to engage with this media and you're getting advertisers or you paying money then you participate in this value chain if you're Robert Downey Jr. and then you have your IMN mask on you have a photo someone sees it you should get paid when someone is like huh that's really funny how do we get people to incentivize them by participating by declaring the rights and do no transaction to build this rights that were but in return money flows back through those channels those relationship and allowed you to do that and I think that another thing is how do you get this valuable media so we talked a number of different use cases and some of which you described where the idea would be to wait rather than trying to incentivize by so when you were talking about some of the aspects of the artwork itself there's a lot of wonderful artists out there that are doing interesting work those artists should be paying for that and sometimes there's things we consider maybe a mashup and if you wanted to put that within the contract that way everyone could benefit from piece of artwork so example where you have an actor who's character or you have a well-known character that might have had an interesting flair on it and if it's in keeping with those particular company's desires then there's really no reason why the artists couldn't be rewarded for that while also continuing to have good actors and the benefits of the IP that a company might want to enforce so what what sorry are you starting a new session I am okay first do we have any questions about about one any questions about the descriptions we're talking about for asset management rewarding behaviors okay thank you so so my name is is Stephanie and our our group really talked about the legal questions that blockchain phrases so we began by kind of putting our thoughts into two fields which I thought was was very good way to kind of begin thinking about the questions that arise and so we had how do we integrate the legal framework that we have now into a blockchain and how do we how do we how do we validate and and to bring it into the system and then the other was how do we think of things like DOA and new organizations that people are trained has enabled and created so so one example that we did talk about was the Vermont Vermont ruling here that's evidence statute that was I was basically saying that information with within the Bitcoin system could be used in the Vermont court so even if the point were to to falter it would still be legally recognized the information within the Bitcoin system yes so very quickly a couple of other things were other speakers asked in the beginning if they had legal issues but one of them related to land and title and so there there was some conversation of different projects that are happening now for blockchain to either trigger possibly through automated contract things like closings or on board notarizations for industries and so forth there's other conversations around that the other thing was around just how should the law well actually another one was of the law itself is a primitive like statutes and ranks and so could we have the statute version on a blockchain as opposed to having to go to Westlaw or Lexis nexus under uniform electronic legal materials act for example so those are some of the we had a lot of topics it was good but not yet because first we have questions does anybody have any questions is your also is your question also would it would it execute in itself so I mean intuitively I would I would say definitely yes I don't know exactly how the framework was so what are the next steps for this new field of law I for one welcome our robotic judge overboards okay thank you thank you okay so our group talked about expressing intellectual property on the blockchain so I think it's good to understand kind of where this is coming from most of the people at our table were pissed off that artists keep getting screwed over so so let me let me phrase that a bit more delicate there's this tension between artists feeding their families people creating intellectual property feeling their families and the cultural commons there's this general interest in decentralized expression of intellectual property one of the really nice things that blockchains enable is they allow large egos to work together so these large organizations that hold intellectual property rights it enables them to kind of have a level playing field that they can work together as many people know this has been tried many many times over people have tried to attempt tried to do this many times over the last several decades so what's changed a number of people have said that there's a shifting economic incentive here so the existence of YouTube and the algorithmic detection of intellectual property is changing the way some of these larger licensing bodies think so how do you make this thing happen someone said you know invent as little as possible try to piggyback on top of the system that exists right now and the system that exists now is called d-dex and plus so it works for sorry it works for music and photographs the koala stuff basically maps this stuff to generalized ontology for expression one of the upsides here is that it has a really nice feedback loop for artists artists right now are completely disengaged from who's looking at their content when how much they should be getting paid and this would have not enable that loop to kind of be close so people get more direct feedback on the things that they create finally we have this discussion around you know the right to be forgotten and especially you know the right for certain intellectual property rights to be forgotten there was a discussion around you know putting pressure on centralized systems so how does the European Union do right to be forgotten they go primarily after the organizations providing mass access to the data they don't try and delete everything so you can't really delete everything on the blockchain but you can't control who gets to see the things that are supposed to be forgotten about right so yeah it was it was a good good conversation we didn't quite get to the point on how we make the whole thing happen but it's definitely a step in the positive direction so what are the next steps I keep focusing on the quality stuff that seemed to be the stuff that was you know further stout in front and kind of see where that goes any other questions hearing none I would like to clap from on so the first next step is investigating with the genetic sensors something called secondly developing a grammar for expressing APIs for interacting with devices so that devices can be clear the next step was looking this is more from me so sorry for the bias but I wanted to use case not this is an I begin to see intersexes via the use case with great fun and so think about shipment of similarly her participation in the table for IOT use case as a bank was what it means for devices to be in a shared economy and autonomous themselves what does it mean to insurance company you have situations similar to other so is that also there's just a lot of talk about yeah is that actual physical information on the blockchain specifically in the hash of certain data and then what is that great thank you any questions I don't know what you're referring to but the devices okay over here so we were a combination of archival science or archival bond to physical assets as well as logical representations I'm sorry really quickly you put that okay so we're looking at linkages on the blockchain let's let's just go with linkages on the blockchain and other data stores so in reflecting on that we looked at three different use cases so we were looking at ledger acts and quantities and we were also looking at student record keeping and finally real estate so all of those were the record keeping problems where you had to link back from the blockchain to a physical asset a problem of linkages we recognize it's a good problem but we didn't necessarily have solutions for that because we recognize it's complicated we need persistent linkages we don't necessarily have the mechanisms for persistent yet perhaps the standards W3C auto ontology can point the direction to that one of the participants asked well you know what what's different about record keeping with the blockchain and so we talked about that in comparison to databases and basically the idea is that the mechanism for authenticating is separate from the actual object itself which is different databases are usually combined together collected on that a little bit and the fact that because record keeping on the blockchain is different than other record keeping there's quantities and discontinuities maybe we needed a standard for record keeping systems on the blockchain that would allow us to be confident that the block roof of a degree for example models of data models for record keeping so in particular we talked about that with real estate so you can have this idea that the hashed record that this the asset representation of the assets for off-chain so that was mentioned earlier off-chain representation you could also have the asset actually represented by attributes with her hashed put on chain so the so the physical asset is actually on chain as opposed to off-chain and then you can have actual smart contracts where the where at the asset having been tokenized the private key is moved about various transactions so transactions of the asset are on chain as well so next steps you want next steps or next steps okay next steps well we that we move towards this idea that we need to work on this idea of resistance we didn't know really how standards could possibly point in the direction and I think that there's some sense some of us that a standardized approach could be useful and also that these are socio-technical systems so that the institutions of laws have to co-evolve with the technology so I have a question you said that there are these existing communities out there basically being at this study wise or pragmatic entities that are actually in charge of these things is you think that those communities will be interested in coming to the table to discuss these things workshop well I guess be for all communities but the community that I can speak for you Paris trust with definitely interested in fact one of the things that I'd like to do is any other questions the play chain is the last one there's quite a large problem actually parts P1 with some I'd buy as one is to is even could be comprised of parts be one so that's one way of the ordering process where the procurement will get involved and some level of auctioning processes in between and finally going down and the thing that gets produced and that has to ship get shipped by this particular case and again one of the key themes we wanted to focus on the second aspect of it where how could that be managed in such an area parts that would go into some kind of a container logistics more and start to get shipped and it would take on the cross-border you know take on the entire shipment piece and logistics and this where we also introduced the IOT concept manage its identity or the original part could have traced across back and forth would be known how does that get manufactured and all of that could be in this and that gets replicated across some level of blockchain type of boards and you can trace that back through its composition could come through into a container like shipment where you would have smart containers with intrusion detection inventory management all facilitated through a smart contract learning across a blockchain and that would go into the LC financing set pick themes where the shipping from one side to the other side could be managed over a cross border non-correspondent banking payment system which would utilize the similar smart sensors and spot IOTs on the other side that would check and make sure that the entire chain is managed appropriately and finally make the payments so that's the dream theme that we talked about on the next step side we really have to break it down into some of the pieces some of the IOT centric API centric teams could come in handy in terms of standardizing that some of the parts centric teams could come in handy and a standardization on the shipping side could come in handy to be able to make that happen and its connection into the banking cross-border financing centric teams and the regulations and standardization it's a very large problem but I do believe pieces of that can be taken in sold and that's on the supply chain. Any questions? What we are scheduled to do right now is watch AI's. I don't know about it. I would like to be fresh for that topic. I'd like to pick it up tomorrow and sort of urge that. Is anybody here who's quite angry about that? Disappointed not able to attend. Wendy? Wonder do we have some people who are here today who won't be here tomorrow or people who are going to be leaving early tomorrow and want to make sure that subjects that they're interested in are addressed that they're able to participate in those discussions. We've got blockchains, the bits that could be standardized in five minutes. The news is morning. We've got Samsung internet, etc. Minesh. We've got IPFS project, etc. We've got rest Jason based standardized blockchain receipts. We've got interface between consensus and application state enabling programming languages. Ethan Bigtable, smart signatures, smarter signatures. Building the infrastructure of future decentralized web, helping with the pronunciation and colleague with that's it. So that's way more than would have fit in a normal session. I'm going to ask that anybody doing a thing tomorrow, let us know how much minimally you need for your talk. If you can talk to me and Daza, if we can do a lightning talk in three minutes, it's better. If you need the full five minutes, that's fine. Let's just. So we're going to kind of mix this in kitchen sink. Here's what I'm going to propose. I'm going to propose. So right now it is four o'clock. I'm going to propose that we go on 15 minute break.