In this lesson, we're going to learn about a nice way to use the tabular recta, combined with a keyword, to create a really strong cipher known as the visioner cipher. Now, the visioner cipher is somebody's name, but you'll notice it was not invented by somebody named visioner. This idea was actually created by Giovanni Battista Bellasso, which is an Italian person, and visioner is French. But we'll see this idea came around in about 1553 in this booklet. You can find this copy in the original Italian online if you wanted to give it a look. And as the system was described, in which the tabular recta was used with the repeating counter sign or keyword, that would switch the cipher alphabet mapping after every single letter in the message. So it had a couple of benefits over the ones that we've seen so far with the tabular recta, in that we can change the key very frequently, which will be helpful. We'll see for crypt analysis purposes. And it's also just really easy to remember a long keyword and that you can agree upon with somebody ahead of time. So easy to implement, easy to remember the key, and a very secure. Now, why is it called the visioner cipher if it was invented by Bellasso? And that's because Blaise Divisioner had a kind of an improved version of it that we'll learn later on in this course called the auto key cipher, which is just a kind of a variation on this one. And that's the one that got to be better known. And as a result, the original was misattributed to visioner as well, when it was really Bellasso's. This was really kind of the encryption of its day back in the 1500s. And because it was so secure and easy to implement, it was called le chiff in des chiffres, which pardon my poor French, but basically just means the unbreakable cipher. And it wasn't until almost the late 1800s or 1863 when Friedrich Kassiski was the first to publish a successful general attack on the visioner cipher, even though Charles Babbage, which might be a name that you're familiar with for computing history, had been known to have broken the cipher on occasion earlier than that date. Kassiski was the first one who really published the method that you could use on any message that you had found. So let's take a look at the visioner cipher. We're gonna start with a key word of unicorn for NCSSM unicorns here. And our plain text is a quote from Blaise Divisioner. I saw Michelangelo at work. He had passed his 60th year and although he was not very strong, yet in a quarter of an hour, he caused more splinters to fall from a very hard block of marble than three young masons in three or four times as long. So we're gonna focus on just that first sentence. I saw Michelangelo at work. And let's see how we'll use that with the visioner cipher. So we start by writing out our plain text with the keyword over the top. Clearly the keyword is not long enough to go over the top of the entire message. So we'll just repeat that keyword as many times as necessary to fill it up. And just like we saw with the tabular recta, the reason why we need those letters over each other is that we can now use that table to identify the plain text letter or the keyword letter and find the intersection to get our cipher text. Or if you prefer, you could do essentially a Caesar cipher by taking your plain text numerical value and adding on the keyword numerical value and then modding by 26 to get to your cipher text letter. And if you do that repeatedly, you'll get your cipher text. And that is it. That is the visioner cipher. Everything about this is the same as our tabular recta method. It's really more about the keyword process that is unique. So we'll see it's that aspect of the keyword and that changing the key every single letter is what gives this cipher such strong security. So let's take a look at why it actually does that right now. All right, so we have a similar setup here. We've got our plain text message and we have a key. The key is only three letters long and repeats over and over. And to help us understand how this message is going to appear in the cipher text, specifically the frequency of those characters, we're going to focus on just looking at certain groupings of characters at a time. So for example, let's look at all of the plain text letters that get encrypted when you is the letter above them. So if we were to encrypt all of those, we'd get this group CMLB, CLF and so on. And if you focus on just those letters of the cipher text and create a bar chart to take a visual inspection of the frequencies, we'll see that this frequency is a chart looks very similar to the English language. In fact, it looks like the English language shifted over such that A is over U and E is over Y, which makes sense if we think about just those letters, even though they are not English, CMLB. And even if you were to just take the plain text corresponding, it would not create English words with a large enough sample of our plain text or cipher text, it will follow this kind of normal English distribution. And if we're looking at the cipher text, it will be shifted as a result. And again, that should also make sense because if we think about, well, how did we encrypt all of those plain text letters? We're basically just doing a Caesar cipher on each of those letters. So it shouldn't be surprising that the bar chart of those encrypted letters looks just like the bar chart that we saw when we're working with a Caesar cipher. We get the same thing if we just focus on the characters that were encrypted using the key letter N. Those letters show up. And if we look at just those letters, look at that. Their distribution looks just like an English distribution, just shifted such that A is over N and E is over R. And probably not surprising that the last group here does the exact same thing for the letter I. However, if we take all of these letters and group them together, so we're not looking at just little subsets of the cipher text, but the whole thing, its bar chart for the frequency is very different. You'll see that we don't have any of those spikes that we saw in the previous bar charts. They're all pretty uniform. Couple letters are still lower and couple letters a little bit higher, but really everything is below 8% and most letters are above 2%. We've kind of flattened out the bar chart here, which kind of makes sense. If you think about those three previous bar charts, they had their dips and valleys and the spikes in different letters. So when we put all of those groupings together, they're gonna kind of average each other out a little bit. Let's take a look at just one more to really drive this home. So here we've extended out the keyword to you knees with an S on the end, same plain text. So we'll go ahead and do the first group of characters, the ones that were encrypted with U. It has this bar chart again, Caesar A is now over U. And then we have our second grouping of characters, Caesar A is over N. Third grouping looks like Caesar with an A over the I. And our last grouping, Caesar with the A over the S. So each of those kind of subgroups of characters, each have a recognizable histogram, or bar chart rather, but when we group them all together, combine all the letters of the cipher text, things are even more evened out. Look at this, all of them are below 6% and almost all of them just save one or two letters, maybe are above 2%. We've truly flattened this out. And it turns out as we lengthen the key to more and more letters, the more and more uniform the distribution of our cipher text is going to become. So this is where all that security is gonna come in play, is that our frequency analysis that we've been using to crack messages really seems to be at a loss here. We can't pick up frequent characters in the cipher text because they're all about as frequent, which for keeping your message secure, that's great. But as for us trying to break messages, that's gonna make things a little bit more challenging. And there's a reason why this one stuck around for a couple hundred years as the cipher of the day is that it requires a little bit more sophistication mathematically to help us figure out how to crack that message. So that's it for the vision air cipher. We're gonna learn a little bit of some twists we can put on the vision air to strengthen it even more than what we've seen. And then we'll actually see an example where we could make this cipher 100% uncrackable using something what's called a one-time pad. We'll see there's some drawbacks to that method, but it is mathematically secure.


Minnesota lawmakers have wrapped up their work for the year, but the outcome of the session is still in limbo. From revamping the state's tax code to enhancing security measures at public schools and clamping down on opioid abuse, much of the session's work was stuffed into just two massive bills. Governor Dayton has threatened to veto those bills, but could take up to 14 days to decide. Republicans began a lobbying campaign on Monday to try to get Dayton to sign the legislation. That includes a tax bill that would help avert a complicated tax filing season in 2019 and funding for schools and budget crunches that Dayton deemed necessary. House Speaker Kurt Dout says it's just the beginning of the pressure on Dayton to sign the bills. The governor, though, doesn't sound willing to budge on his position. It's just so vile. You know, I've seen partisan differences. Before I've dealt with partisan differences, I've dealt with Republican legislatures. And we've had impasses, which were based on primarily very different views of what's best for Minnesota. Even the 2011 impasse was honest differences about what was best for the state. This is different from that. This is different from anything I've experienced before, whereas solely focused on what benefits them for the reelection has nothing to do with trying to work cooperatively with me. It has nothing to do with the best interests of Minnesota.  The bonding bill that passed does include $12.5 million for the construction of a new veterans home in Bemidji and $22.5 million for a project at Bemidji State University. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


I wouldn't do that. What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards And I'm ripping some personals for Jeremy Z. We've got four of the 2022 tops chrome Star Wars black hobby boxes. All right. Good luck. Here we go, Jeremy Blake's dying for someone to get some Star Wars chrome galaxy. He won't say it, but I'll say it for him I definitely am Haven't ripped any of that for a while. All right, here we go. We've got Hunter Nice general of grievous Grievous general grievous that is 109 of 199 on their factor. We've got green max Rebo nice 57 of 99 second elephant So we go in case the car got refractor auto of Magstreet Morgan Elsbeth Vianna Lee, you know santo as Magstreet Morgan Elsbeth on the refractor Not numbered on that one Two here for a Jeremy Bibb Fortuna We have Zeb Orlea or a Leo's or Leo's Really is really us Correct me if I'm saying it on or else and we've got refractor of plo coon 156 of 199 Yes, okay. The way you're looking at me. I can't tell if I'm wrong or right You're like laughing at me. It's just because these characters are kind of funny. Oh, they are they're weird looking what we have here Um, you got this guy See a thrinally nice Nice Matthew Wood voice of see a thrinally if I pause for a second and really look at it and think I'm good but sometimes I just try and like Sometimes I say it fast. I think I might get it but then all right box three here See a numbered auto Super Tech don't peak tech Got Obi-Wan Kenobi. That's a cool one Pink Omega on the pink that is seven of ten Nice low number one there. Oh Mega thing. I bet people are gonna love that one. Yeah, that's really cool Yeah All right in case we have here. We've got Kelly moto Amy Siddharis as Pele moto All right, last one here for you Jeremy Got coel Darth Maul. Oh, that's cool. I remember him. I Remember him from the first one 42 out of 199. I was scared. I was so scared of him and we've got blue Lobot 38 out of 75 All right, last one here for you Jeremy. Good luck. I see a bald head. We've got a Rakely Clint towered as Rakely All right, what's that bike that will do it for you Jeremy? Thanks. It's always for hopping in that was a fun rip And we'll get these right out to you


Most of you want to change companies. Yes, I want to change from one company to another, but in this kind of situation where you want to change your sponsor, some of us sponsors or some of sponsors, they will request you to give them money, to give you NOC.  Yes. Remember, for you to resign or for you to change company to another company, it is not mandatory, it is not a requirement for you that you need to get what you call an NOC. The resignation letter alone can act as what you call a release letter. Write an resignation letter to your company or to your boss, specify your reason for resigning and give what you call a period which is mandatory according to how long you've said into that company. Then after that, definitely, yes, what you definitely need to do, is that to move on. But why would you sacrifice your end of service bonus for NOC because your boss wants to give you a NOC and he doesn't want to pay you? End of service bonus. Remember, end of service bonus, it is for your period which has to be given to you according to the law. That is a token of appreciation that has to be given to you after completing a given period of time with that company that you work with. That company can be two years or five years depending on how long you work. According to the law, they have to give you that. Why would you sacrifice your end of service bonus you worked for? Let's say for five years just for the company to give you an NOC in exchange. The best way is give a resignation letter. You can use a resignation letter to change the company to look for another company. Remember, a resignation letter can act as what you call a release letter. You don't need an NOC. And I told you that companies giving an NOC, it is not mandatory. The company may refuse to give NOCs. It's right. But however, a resignation letter, if some company can give it, it's okay. But if cannot, let the company not give you your NOC in exchange for your end of service bonus. Remember, end of service bonus is your sweat that you worked for in that period that you've been in.


Trump on Ukraine conflict. If I were president, I'd be able to negotiate end in 24 hours. Former US President Donald Trump said he would be able to negotiate a peaceful solution to the conflict in Ukraine within 24 hours if he were president. Even now, if US president, I would be able to negotiate an end to this horrible war within 24 hours. Trump wrote on his truth social. Commenting on the Biden administration's approach to the conflict in Ukraine, Trump earlier called for negotiating a peaceful end to it instead of sending millions of dollars' worth of assistance to Kiev. Trump also warned that we will end up in World War III because of US actions. Trump loyalist and Republican congressman Troy Nels of Texas also touted the prospect of the former president easily solving the conflict earlier. Nels suggested that the war would end if Biden asked Trump to call Russian president Vladimir Putin. If we really want to end this war, Joe Biden, you need to call Donald Trump, Nels said. Donald Trump will call Vladimir Putin and end this war. We must stop this war and Donald Trump can do it. Although Trump and some of his allies have argued that the conflict would easily end under the former president's leadership, neither Ukraine nor Russia appear willing to negotiate. Before the deputy secretary of state, Victoria Nuland said that the US administration was ready to ease sanctions against Russia for the sake of serious negotiations on Ukraine. Nuland emphasized that she would support the easing of sanctions if Russia returned territory to Kiev. In response, Leonid Slutsky, chairman of the International Committee of the Russian State Duma Lower House of Parliament, described Nuland's message as unacceptable to Moscow as he said there was no reversing historical decisions in exchange for a promised revision of the restrictions.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the Dell Latitude 149430 and what's inside of it. The bottom panel is held in place by 8 captive Phillips head screws. Dell recommends that you start the prying process from the hinge gaps. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Our configuration is equipped with a 59.6Wh battery pack. It lasts for 15 hours and 30 minutes of web browsing, or 12 hours and 30 minutes of video playback. To take it out, unplug the connector from the motherboard, and undo the five Phillips head screws you see. Then, untangle the cables around the battery. You can find this machine with either 16 or 32GB of LPDDR5 RAM, working at 5200 MHz. As far as the storage goes, you get 1 M.2 PCI-EX4 slot, which fits 30mm SSDs, and supports Gen4 drives. There are two heat pipes, one heat sink, and one fan taking care of the CPU. Furthermore, we see a heat spreader on top of the VRMs. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


Everybody forced here rippin a box of 2022 tops pro debut baseball jumbo for Ryan B Thank you Ryan for the order. Good luck This is a good game so far better than we were we were making it out to be I mean Broncos got 10 points in the first half, which is huge That's like another team scoring like 30 in the first half Green paper Lee over to Guero for the Greensboro grasshoppers 91 of 99 chrome cards there Rockets City wreck no trash pandas. Excuse me, right up a notchy The filled negro throwback green auto paper auto Kevin Made for the Myrtle Beach pelicans 39 of 99 Kevin made Kevin Made. I think so far Myrtle Beach has had the most like could be Right There is a professional team Got blue paper Robert Poisson for the Stockton ports like wine 103 of 150 refractor Reed Schimble for the Delmarva shorebirds 98 of 99 Could you imagine being in a huddle and our everybody get your hands in they go Shorebirds on three one two three shorebirds. Do you imagine you picture it in my mind? Mud hens on three or a posada for the Prince William cannons Hip hip Jorge, that's pretty nice Aqua paper page all I own for the sugarland space cowboys That just sounds the same 57 of 75 Astros prospect there auto JC Correa for the Asheville tourists Nice Correa and aqua Ronnie Mauricio for the Binghamton rumble ponies 17 of 75 Binghamton rumble ponies Nice Mauricio, that's funny good prospect for the Mets there It's like a one-time all-call-out team names for a personal something like this. It's too good They're small. Yeah, you should hear them. What's a rumble pony Barry Zito for the For the Vesalia oaks got a blue paper Henry Mendez Numbered 85 of 150 and orange auto Cooper Kinney Nice hit there 15 to 25 nice Kinney auto Keene That's what it sounds like All right, that'll do it. Thanks again Ryan. We'll get those cards right out to you


Yeah, he says my hatred of that man turned into a pristine solidification and you were talking about cheese He was talking about his father. Oh, I thought it was the devil talking No, it was Regulus talking about his dad Regulus and Remus Romulus because you know what his dad does to punish him Do you remember what? Regulus's dad does to him to punish him No, but that was a very common way for a man to demean and punish his servants and his his sons was Sodomy in ancient Rome, but no he castrates him. Did they say no homo before?   It's This is nothing to do the nothing at all today. We got a interesting video. This is called the world's only floating national park Oh, I don't even know what that means. I don't but it's in water or on air Located in Indian state of well many poor Interesting. It's the world's only floating wildlife sanctuary the parks look talk lake the largest freshwater lake in northern India is a Spectacular site. I'll let the video explain it great, but it's an India India kind of National park, which is really cool. It looks really cool just from the little yeah, we have there and Floating national park super intrigued in the Indian state of Manipura, you will find Kaipa Lumja National Park The world's only floating wildlife sanctuary. Why does that sound like Scarlett Johansson? It does Kaipa Lumja comprises over 15 square miles of rich bio diverse wetlands Includes a luck talk lake the largest freshwater lake in northern India Those man-made for patches and rings of biomass that float on the surface of the wetlands Oh biomass the floating vegetation called fumdi thrives in the park Creating a home for humans and animals alike. Wow The endangered sangai a subspecies of brow antler deer are only found in the park They have been called the binding soul between humans and nature.  It's so short So are they man-made the sir? I don't believe so that doesn't look like they are happen If it's a natural thing that is just I think in the same way Lily pads form Well, Lily pads one specific thing. This is yeah, but Lily pads can combine together and create a large thing But why circle why wouldn't just create a mass? I have I have no idea interesting I'm so intrigued and yes save them more 200 is still too low and I wonder and I'm sure There's info we need to know about when it as it appears to climate change and what's gonna happen with water level rise impacting this region. Yeah Yeah, I'm so so intrigued by It looks cool for one and I've never heard of something. Nope that not at all in my life. Yep Point to the state of Minnesota's because only floating park only floating park So are they all those things floating they must be? Kind of similar to Lily bed. Yeah, and how they float But why the circles? Yeah, interesting as to why do they grow in circles? I just want to know I know what aliens When in doubt when you don't know what's going on It's the aliens you give credit to the always that was my write-in on algebraic equations I didn't know the answer to I would just put aliens and Some of the time I got a right You don't know we're referencing. No, it's some of you don't know it's an old video. We're Anyway The park is a swamp With floating mass of vegetation created by a cruel of organic garbage and biomass With soil particles that has been thickened into a solid form called Pundis at the southeastern side of the Loctoc Lake Interesting very cool. I What else is on there? Besides beautiful deer. What else is living in and around that? How big is it probably how many how many acres of land slash waters going on over there? Because I know some of you know the information. Just please let me know and this This takes me back to the idea of like dirty jobs where you could actually go visit a place like this and then talk about What's currently going on and what climate change is going to do to it if people don't act in a certain way to Well, I think it's a lake. Yeah, and so I don't think it'll be affected by unless the there's a It depends on where its source is coming. Yeah, it was source coming from yeah, but it's a freshwater lake Okay, so well climate change will obviously affect that obviously but India is not also hurting for you know And it exactly and it depends on It's northeastern. So that's a good it also depends gonna get rain store your rain I mean yeah, because here in America that we store differently in like in San Antonio, Texas We had an aquifer an aquifer naturally a knock a lake underground. Yeah, basically and then here in LA. We have no water No, yeah, we get it mostly the mountains or we steal it from other states. Yeah We get I don't know what the percentages is but a huge proportion of that is We get the snowpack in the winter and then as it melts off it comes down through the Central Valley and to us Yeah, so I don't know how in certain regions obviously so the but obviously India's Not hurting for rain It's amazing to me that we haven't really honed in the science of desalinization to work out coastal cities to be able to take The salt water and desalinize it. Well, they have there's just there's expensive. There's problems and it could also With how they take the salt out and how they're disposing of that and waste that they do it from right It's also hurting And so it's kind of like this catch 22. Yeah, I'm sure they get if they put enough money They could figure it out, but yeah, it's there That's not where people are putting their money in right now Not if they if they put enough money into it to figure it out if people figured out a way to make money off of it They'd figure it out Yeah, I'm sure Elon you can find a way to do that. No, no, no, no He doesn't care about earth. He wants to go to outer space. He cares far more about outer space Did you know that almost anybody can save a hundred thousand dollars to go to Marsh direct quote? And yeah, no, he has electric cars, so he cares about earth It's true. He totally does Anyways, this was really cool, and I want to know a lot more information Yeah, really because I I'm quite intrigued I would if you as any of any of you ever been any of you live in or near because that that is super interesting to me I love all these natural nature kind of God, that's so interesting. I'm just looking at the real is it almost looks like it almost looks like a Microscopic shot of something and maybe that's kind of what it is just on a large scale It's like microcosm is kind of like what makes that shape. I want to see underwater photography in there, too Go underneath those things and see what it looks like from underneath super super interesting Yeah, please let us know more information about this and other Tours and videos or stuff that we can learn.  It's perfunctory


So, welcome everyone. I'm Dr. Shubhamsa and I'm a junior resident and from department of radio diagnosis from IBG. And today I'm going to present our paper that is MRI and multi-director CT evaluation of craniovertebral junction abnormalities in short CVJ abnormalities. As we all know that the craniovertebral junction being the transit zone between the cranium and spine, it is one of the most complex and dynamic region of the spine and the anatomy of the CV junction is also a little bit complicated. Both the congenital as well as acquired disease process can affect the CV junction and they are common in all the age groups and almost equal in both the sexes. What are the objectives of a study? First is to establish the role of imaging for pre-treatment evaluation of the CV junction abnormality. Second is to outline the normal anatomy as well as the variance which is commonly seen in the CV junction. And third, we'll also try to systematically classify the frequently detected CVJ abnormalities. One point to note here that when you did literature review, we did not find that amount of material above our study. So our study will add a value in the literature as well as we can also get an idea about the demographic, socio-demographic profile of the patient, hence we're getting affected by CV junction abnormalities. Coming to the material and method, it is a single institution with prospective type of descriptive study and the sample size was 55 and it occurred between January 2019 to August 2020. And we used the treatise for MR and Philly's six inch slice machine. About the inclusion criteria, all the suspected patients who are having a suspicion of CV junction abnormalities of both the sexes and all the ages were included in our study. Only exclusion criteria was if the patient has any contradiction to MR like the patient having any metallic implant or the patient at discostrophobic or if the patient is post-operative, then we exclude those patients. In from consents were taken from all the patients before including the study. These are the results, our total sample size was 55 out of each 35 patients was male, so male patients were predominant. Second, although the congenital as well as traumatic as well as genetic patients were there, the predominant age of presentation was between the 40 to 49 years, that is the fifth decade. Third is that the congenital abnormalities were the predominant in the CV junction abnormalities followed by genetic changes. One point to note here that in our study, one patient may have one or two disorder. For example, the patient may have any segmentation abnormalities as a congenital part as well as patient had age related genetic changes that is affected in the CV junction. So one patient may have one or more disease process simultaneously. Next, as you can see that the congenital abnormalities were predominant in our study. Among the congenital abnormality, the OS-Odontium followed by the Prenio-Oxpital-Atlanto-Oxpital assimilation and the rachiscus was predominantly affected congenital abnormality in our study. Coming to the Atlanto-XL instability, which is one of the most dreaded complication and which is affecting the CV junction, OS-Odontium was responsible for 14 of the patients or majority of the patients who had Atlanto-XL instability had Os-Odontium followed by due to the trauma. Also, a significant number of patients were affected by genetic changes has also had Atlanto-XL instability. In the trauma patients specifically, the most common bone which is get involved was dense. Next, as you can see that this is the age distribution of the congenital abnormalities at the CVJ and 4th to 5th decay that was the predominant in this age group. 4th to 5th decay was the age group that was presenting with the symptom of the CVJ abnormalities. One point just I want to mention here, all the patients suppose in our general population and the patient may have the CV junction, but it is usually not symptomatic. The symptomatic age group in our study was between the 4th to 5th decay. Coming to the trauma, you can see that the 3rd decay is the common age group was presenting with the trauma. Coming to the degenerative patient, as it is expected that the old age group that is the 5th to 6th decay, that is the 5th to 6th decay, that is the 5th to 6th decay were common in the degenerative changes. When we compare the age group distribution between the congenital abnormalities and the degenerative changes, we found that the 4th to 5th decay, 4th to 5th decay, was the common age group where the congenital as well as degenerative changes were predominant. definitely the age-related changes predominantly that is the fifth or sixth decade after that. So the point is that even though general population may have city junction abnormalities, it is not usually always symptomatic. The symptomatic age group in our study was presented in between the fourth to fifth decade. Coming to the Atlanta Accident Instability, it is well known fact that if the patient has increased ADI interval, he or she may have Atlanta Accident Instability. But one point to note that even after having normal Atlanta interval, the patient may have Atlanta Accident Instability. In our case, the number was 30. So in summary, the most common abnormality is what gives the congenital abnormality followed by genetic. Among congenital abnormalities, the most common among chroma patients type 2 urinary tractors was the most common. About 67% of the patients who have congenital anomalies also had degenerative changes. And 55% of the patients who had degenerative changes had Atlanta Accident Instability also. So, degenerative changes is one of the most common cause of the Atlanta Accident Instability patient in patients having the segmentation anomaly. Also, the 100% patients of U-matter arteritis patients had Atlanta Accident Instability. But the number of the U-matter patients in our study was only 2. So that significant, it was not that much of significant. Coming to the discussion that congenital abnormalities was the most common abnormality and congenital abnormalities was although common in all the age group's model this and trauma was prevalent in the third decade and vaginal impregnation and platinomusia are not that much common compared to OZ Orontium. And Atlanta Accident Instability is the most dreaded complication always to look for CVJ naughty and most common cause was OZ Orontium followed by degenerative followed by trauma cases. This is the anatomy of the Atlanta Accident region that is a CV junction. The most important ligament was the transverse ligament, which is a part of the Cushiate ligament. As you can see, this is the transverse ligament. Other ligament involved Atlanta anterior longitudinal ligament, which is continuing as Atlanta occipital membrane. So this is the base. This is that representing images of our study. This is from the first is the congenital. As you can see, this is the vaginal imagination. This is the three lines actually here. This is the chamber line line. One is the McGregor line and the MAC race line. As you all see that this is the posterior part of the heart pellet and to the occipital port two buttons. If this is approximately greater than five millimeter above the Mac, above the chamber line lines or four millimeter above the McGregor line, it is definitely the basilar in imagination. This is the OZ Orontium. This is the most common congenital abnormality. It is well-quarticated head bone and it is well-quarticated. This is the OZ Orontium, which is well-quarticated bone. This is the well-quarticated bone, which is from the type two fracture of the dates. Okay. This is the OZ terminally. This is the OZ terminally. As you can see that this is due to the failure of the fusion between the terminal ocicle with the rest of the odontoid. This is the congenital one of the patient. This is the mercury patient. This is the mechopolysaccharosis. As you can see, the dense is severely high plastic. Please also note the beating of the vertebra is present. This is the trauma. This is the trauma. This is the patients having the trauma into the dense, the type two dense fracture. That is the base of the odontoid was the most common in our study. Coming to the Atlanta axial subluxation, the ADI interval in CT if it is greater than 2 millimeter. This is indicator of Atlanta dental increase interval for Atlanta dental subluxation. This is the degenerative changes. As you can see that the Atlanta dental interval is reduced and there is chlorosis, there is osteophytes, which are indicative of degenerative changes. This is the inflammatory conditions. This is one of the one patients, two patients for all the rheumatoid arthritis. You can see the panacea formation, which is enhancing on the contrast study also. And this is the paedontal bonus. There is erosion of the dense vertebra also. Coming to the infecting conditions, only one patients are there. This is the tuberculosis. As you can see that this is the paedontal vertebral absence, which is enhancing, remanancing with occipital bone extension. This is a new plastic condition. This was not common in our study. This is one of the examples of osteochondroma of the C2 arch. Atlanta axial subluxation. This is the rotatory subluxation. As you can see, this is the 3D image and there is asymmetry between the dens and with the lateral masses of the atlas vertebra. Whether CT or MR, this is both CT and MR should be equally used in conjunction as CT gives us the bony architecture well, whereas MRI gives us the soft tissue architecture well. So, we should use CT and MR both simultaneously. So, these are my references. Thank you.


Hello everyone. Thanks for tuning into the video. Just a reminder that we're doing a fundraiser for animal sanctuaries by selling Joey Carbstrong apparel. 100% of the profits will be donated to animals. So if you'd like to get your Joey Carbstrong T-shirt or hoodie, please follow the link to the Shopify store down below. Enjoy the video. Okay, muffin. We're gonna do interview today, okay? We're gonna call people out who aren't vegan who love dogs. So this is my mate Andy and this is Hanson Boy Muffin and we're gonna talk to people who aren't vegan but love dogs. We're gonna expose some hypocrisy today Let's see who sits down for a chat. Hey Muff. Yeah I might be going in like two weeks or so, but I can sit. I'm Joey. Martin, nice to meet you. Nice to meet you.  Do you agree with that? I don't agree with it. Okay So let me tell you my position on it. So it's a little bit clearer I'm saying that if you love dogs, it's for specific reasons. You they feel pain. They suffer. You wouldn't want a dog being hurt You see different personalities in dogs. They react to have different Wants and desires and this dog over here with the the tennis ball is happy now Panting okay for those same reasons we should extend that to the animals that are tortured and killed for your consumption But if you don't I'm saying that you're a moral hypocrite because you're excluding all these animals that that Inherently are the same as dogs, but only look different and we've chosen them as food animals But we throw them in slaughterhouses and chop them up when we say that we're basically an animal lover or a dog specific lover That is a very good point. And I do agree with that. You okay. Yeah, like it is kind of long to do that but I feel like I Feel like we should um morally like Reduce meat consumption, but I feel like because in my opinion everyone in the future Like in the future everyone will be studying less and less to me to my opinion Just I think that's gonna happen automatically just because of the growing population You know, it's much more efficient to grow vegetables and fruit than is meat Yeah, of course it is. Yeah, I believe that that should be done. Yeah, because especially um I'm not sure about Australia. I know America produces more wheat than it needs. So that's something we should aim to yeah We should aim for that like though most of our land is kind of like non-farmable, but Most of our farmable land is used to feed livestock with grain and soy and all those things. Yeah, I think we have like yeah So I think we should um Reduce your position is your position is reduced basically is that what you're saying? I think like the thing is um I think we'll all automatically studying less meat because I think that's generally the trend.  Yeah, so you agree with the premise here of this discussion Kind of but when you say all animals are inherently the same they are similar I wouldn't say inherently the same but okay for the let me extend that Inherently the same in the ways that matter like sentience conscious, you know desire freedom and they don't want to be hurt and you know Otherwise they're not an animal. They're a carrot Yeah, yes, that's one way of saying it but yeah, yeah So if you're not a vegan you're abusing animals through your lifestyle.  They're having a flesh torn off their body, which is abuse. They're being Tortured most of the time in farms and then they're being murdered in slaughterhouses.   So you're culpable for that. Yeah, but I just eat meat just because it's um partially based on culture tradition and That I treat stuff like that. Yeah, but I get it. I would never ask you to reduce Something that is an injustice like stabbing innocent animals to death.  It's an injustice in the same way I would tell you to stop abusing animals So I would never tell you to reduce and culture and tradition has never justified anything. That's immoral I mean look at what's cultural racism is cultural in some place and it has been cultural Slavery has been traditional human slavery. We would never use those things as a justification to continue to do something That's inherently evil. Would we yeah? Yeah, so this this is a rights violation and a justice issue. You know what I mean? Yeah, but I kind of do feel like um in a way like there was kind of a cycle of life The circle of life. Yeah, so yeah, do you know where the circle of life come from that phrase? He was the Lion King, but there's probably something before it It came from the Lion King. So you're actually using the Lion King as a scientific source here They were in biology talks about the circle of life. Is there nothing before it? It's a song by Elton John in the Disney movie. Is there anything before it? No, there's there's maybe the food chain, but there's no circle of life. That's a song by Elton John See, this is how you're programmed You've been programmed by the TV. Oh, yes No, that's okay. So was I I thought the circle I only just recently learned as an activist that the circle of life came from a Disney movie called the Lion King See how they trick you into thinking that you're a lion No, but but they trick people people actually come up to me and go what about a lion? They think that they're Simba from the Lion King Okay But we we can eat plants. We're obviously herbivores in our biology and we have no predatory instinct whatsoever like when we see What do you mean by herbivores and biology like we we don't have any Carnivorous traits like we don't have claws. We're not streamlined. We sweat. We have blunt teeth We evolved from I think it was um natural geographic or something. I must have seen on TV, but I think it was the fact that um We started cooking meat that our feet that our teeth began. We started cooking food cooking food that teeth not just meat We started cooking our calories so we could get processed more Carbohydrates our brain runs on glucose not on meat Yes, but our teeth did like kind of evolve to eat meat show me These are blunt and flat Okay, have you seen a carnivores on an omnivore's teeth? They're much sharper These are these are these are very these could be eating tubers things from the ground root vegetables and apples and you know hard fruits We need some sharpness, but we don't rip and swallow like a carnivore does No, but we have kind of evolved to eat meat No, we haven't because we don't you don't have no biological adaptations to chase down prey Doesn't mean we haven't still evolved to either some type of food Just because you can eat meat doesn't mean that we're designed to eat it like I can eat shit too Like I can clean some shit and I can eat that shit You know that might have been my only food source in a survival situation just like rotting carcasses were You know we're opportunistic eaters we eat what we have to survive Yeah, so when survival isn't a justification what then you can walk in a supermarket and buy whatever you want You don't have to murder an animal to rip the flesh off their bones to eat do you I guess I don't want well, it's a choice move off Yeah, so you're choosing to be cruel to animals when you do that and I'm saying that dog lovers who do that are hypocritical animal abusers I guess if you pointed to the animals but not the dogs because people see animals I'd say people definitely see animals as different Yeah, because they're supremacist in their mindset towards animals we think that we are the supreme animal Okay, so anyone below us we treat like however we want we decide who lives who dies who we treat kindly like dogs And sometimes we don't sometimes we kill dogs we euthanize them here in Australia if they know if they don't find a home It's a human supremacist attitude the same attitude that we use to enslave and kill each other we use that for animals Yeah, that's true Because you look at animals so far below us like who gives a shit about a chicken I do I do a chicken wants to live they sent it but you probably have been programmed not to I mean it's like well everyone sees value differently even in people you'd see value differently Of course but we've never denied the rights of someone who we deem we don't like or they're not as smart as me or they're a different colour Or they're from a different culture you know people used to think that about and racism still exists You know you know and it's evil that mentality we have to you know so I'm saying that the same mentality you have towards animals is also evil You might not see that yet but it is because it justifies something that's abusive and cruel Do you have anything to oh no this is like a truth bomb city the first time you thought this through like that I'd say my mind is pretty ingrained so but you do make very good points I think like we all have like different most samples and in my opinion like we just need to Maybe it's the incentive or like to eat meat or Yeah, but yeah like I said before in my opinion everyone in the future meat consumption will probably decrease significantly Most of us will be probably vegetarians or vegans in my opinion Well I'm a vegan you know I'm a vegan Obviously yeah, for all the logical reasons are discussed and for the ethical reasons are discussed And I think that no evil lasts forever people are going to wake up to it People like you smart people with a heart are going to wake up sooner or later that no injustice can last forever Especially with the freedom of information that we can spread across online And I've got a bunch of graphic footage here from across Australian farms and abattoirs You probably don't need to see this I mean I don't think you have some illusion about what happens in a slaughterhouse do You wouldn't want to be in a slaughterhouse if someone said oh will he taste good or culture or tradition You'd think no that's bad I don't want to be there Yeah of course So these animals don't want to be there either and we're breeding them for this specific purpose to murder them But thank you so much for the discussion mate Sorry do you want to continue? Okay well is there anything that you can raise to me that would justify doing this to animals? I'd say the only real reason could be Either you have to eat it as part of a diet or culture or tradition which might be like And you disagree with it but in my opinion there are some cultures and traditions that people should be allowed to keep Of course unless those cultures and traditions violate someone's rights then they can f**k off Because in the future like when everyone's more vegetarian or vegan My opinion like some people should like I'd say like the Inuits, Native American tribes, Aboriginals They should still be allowed to do Because there are things more of how would I say it's not like They're more of just eating just enough to feed themselves My opinion is like an over-commercialization of eating meat That's not the problem for me So you cannot use culture and tradition unless you use all of culture and tradition You can't just say our culture justifies something evil and also we should keep it because there's good things in culture I'm not saying all culture is bad I'm saying you can't use culture to justify one specific thing Because it's a logical fallacy You know what I mean? It's like appealing to nature And saying well nature justifies eating meat because animals do it in nature Well then there's evil things that happen in nature Good and bad happens in culture too, doesn't it? Well when you say good and bad in nature I think like what do you mean by that? Good and bad happens in nature?  I think animals are more animal than good and evil in my opinion Not from the agents perspective, from our perspective From our perspective walking up and ripping someone up with a zebra stripe T-shirt on We wouldn't do that in civilized society So when we look to nature and we go lions do this, I can do this It's a logical fallacy And then the same way when you go culture or tradition we've done this Therefore we can continue doing this It doesn't make sense, it's not a moral argument Because slavery was cultural, female genital mutilation is cultural Racism has been traditional We wouldn't continue to those practices because they're either cultural or traditional How would you feel about native tribes just fishing in? If I was talking to a native tribes person and they had nothing to eat out there I would say they'd have more of a justification than you So you have no justification, yeah? Let's just get that off the table, you don't have any justification Like you personally, then we can talk about the tribes people Do you have any justification yourself? And we can talk about tribes people after you I wouldn't say I do You wouldn't say you have any justification to eat animals?  I'll just say no That's safe because I've never heard one Not one that justifies what we do to them for it So for tribes people they have one thing you don't have They're trying to survive That's why I think they should be allowed to Well I don't know if they should be It's hard for me to say Like look, if you and me and you were stuck in a jungle And we were both dying And you were starting to get desperate And you started looking at me going f*** If I speared him and ate him, I would survive You have more of a reason to do that because you're about to die So these tribes have learnt to survive and do what they can And eat what they can But let's just say the world progressively moves towards veganism And we start looking at animals as individuals Once the western world and China and all that Start abolishing these slaughterhouses I know it's quite a utopian idea right now And we can start thinking about tribes people too Maybe we can start bringing enough food to them You know, enough plant agriculture for them And things like that But right now, why would I talk about these Inuits and people that are in survival situations When I want to talk to all these people That literally have no reason or justification To abuse animals through their lifestyle I'd say no justification but I think reasons are a bit different Definitely no justification in my opinion So the reasons don't justify it Yeah, reasons are more like I think reasons are much more personal And justifications would be more like Efficer and more Yeah, I agree I agree with you there for sure Yeah, reasons that taste good I don't know about the industry I think I need these nutrients out of this meat When it's the load Which obviously the science is not on that side You can get nutrients from plants Or non-essential amino acids And everything except for B12 Which is added to all the food anyway And is injected into the animals anyway Which you can get a supplement for very easily So that's really off the table But we can finish this now With saying that you don't have a justification For abusing these animals So would you say that you're going to stop? Probably not Probably less meat in the future But I'm more following the true end of...  I wouldn't call it courage and confidence What would you call it, lazy? No, not that What would you call it?  Well, let's find out if you're against abusing animals I think If you can abuse in the like Think about the word Yeah, I suppose you are We're treating them as property We're shooting them in the head Cutting their heads off And ripping the flesh off of their bones And selling their flesh and eating it That's not abusing someone? Yeah, it is That's the worst way we abuse anyone In this western society That is the worst way Unless you're talking about murder But it's still not systematic legal Breeding and slavery And then murder So this is all legal too The legal system hasn't even caught up yet Yeah I think there was a case It was either Australia or New Zealand About overseeing a sheep Yeah And so I'm not sure I think it was The case was recent But I don't know if it's been picked up on anymore But yeah, that was one case And there was no enough legal action back then So that's definitely something that needs to be looked at The law takes a long time to catch up to what's moral Look at the abolishment of slavery in America It's a 400 years or something ridiculous Why don't they abolish that straight away? That shouldn't have even happened That just gives you an idea of how long people take To connect to these simple moral concepts Like don't enslave and kill others Who are sentient You know? Yeah So you're against animal abuse, would you say?  In your actions, yeah Okay, well at least you'll leave the table today Knowing that you're an animal abusing hypocrite And that's all I had to do You already knew that But not to this extent I feel like kind of like I feel like I feel like kind of everyone knows already Kind of That's why they don't like me pointing it out Yeah, they won't say they do But they know they do That's the thing Do you think I knew that when I was doing it? I don't know 100% did, that's why I changed I hated being a hypocrite I hated being an animal abuser I hated it That's why I couldn't deal with it So I don't know This isn't really like This wouldn't really be a proper point How do you think animals would go after we Like stop eating them Do you think we should just So it slowly phase out Because it's a supply and demand situation Farmers wouldn't breed as many animals They'd slowly phase out the industry The animals would eventually disappear Yeah, but it would be very gradual Very gradual I think The moment that we hit a population point though People are going to realize We have to stop eating animals Because we have to grow food It's much more efficient It's efficient Healthy I guess as well It's efficient and healthy I would never use that to Persuade someone I want people to do this for the right reasons Because we're robbing the lives of these animals We're causing suffering and torture and death That's true as well And I know there's these extraneous things Like health and the environment These are very big bolstering arguments For what I'm saying But at the core of this The reason the environment's going to shit Is because we're exploiting and enslaving And feeding all our resources To these animal slaves And then murdering them That's the core of it And there's a problem where I'm grazing As well as overgrazing That just destroys the So we should be much more Focusing on growing weed We grow enough food by the way We're feeding it all to animals Well that's not enough then Well there's 70 billion land animals On Earth right now We're at 7 billion humans So they're outnumber us 10 to 1 The land animals we're eating Yeah, my opinion We need to grow more food, vegetables Stuff like that We do some meat consumption But different Well we have different reasons But yeah So I don't know What I was going to say earlier But what do you think will happen To the animals after we stop eating them Do you think that we have to like Control them in a way That they don't Because one very big problem That we've done is the cow These animals don't exist in nature We've selectively bred them And turned them into milk machines And meat machines I think 300 years ago Was it or I'm not sure Do you know how long it was That cows started existing Because There were wild cows Before we started to There were the all watches I think I'm saying it right I'm not really sure of the origins Of the wild cows And which ones they used To selectively breed But it started somewhere And they started hurting these animals And they started getting like The smaller ones And yeah Bigger ones and putting a bull And breeding different species together So they tried to make them Small and weaker That's like The problem that we have So what do you propose We should do about that Like after they What I think is We should stop mass breeding These animals And using them for our own benefit And if these species die out Then I'm happy with that Because why would they Want to be born into slavery And then After we're done with all the After everyone turns vegetarian Vegan Not vegetarian Still consume eggs and dairy And those animals all get killed Vegetarians don't consume eggs They consume dairy but not eggs No Lacto over vegetarian Will consume eggs and dairy Oh I mean the general Vegetarian Yeah They don't eat eggs though I think they still eat Milk and cheese though I think Yeah and all those cows Are really badly fucked up Horrible Dairy industries One of the most cruel And abusive industries on earth Disgusting what they do to animals So So like after everything Like let's say After we all turn vegan Yeah We all turn vegan This happened eventually In my opinion Okay Then what There will be no animals being bred Yeah so So do you propose We send them back to nature Like No no no No no no no They don't exist in nature These animals They wouldn't survive out in nature So we protect them We protect the ones That are left in sanctuaries That's it And let them live out The rest of their lives Which is not long 25 years And that's it Yeah yes that's true That would have to phase this out They have to They couldn't let 70 billion land animals Live out their lives We don't have that type of time Resources Water Food To feed 70 billion Plus 70 billion 7 billion humans 70 billion land Plus 70 billion 7 billion humans It's just We're not leaving any room For population growth here I feel like If we did focus on Just growing food and vegetables We would have enough to feed Everyone in my opinion We're already growing enough to feed 77 billion sentient beings On Earth And cows eat more than we do They do Yeah They're growing fields of grass To harvest and turn into hay To feed to cows Grass fed Yeah It's crazy I will let you go mate I was going to continue but No no no That's alright We'll let someone else Because you already admitted That you're abusing animals And all of that You admitted that the sign Was correct in principle You admitted you're not going To do the same So we'll move on But Really good talking to you Thank you for the discussion I'm Martin Joey Joey See you Android Take care


Okay, very good morning to you. It is Tuesday the 5th of May. As you can see I've managed to get myself a haircut but I didn't leave home. I took the unprecedented move of allowing my wife to cut my hair, so fortunately it appears to have worked out okay. However, you can't see the back of my head, so who knows what type of mullet, what Joe Exotic mullet I've got going on at the back, but yeah, risky times, but yeah, just hope everyone is well. I hope everyone is dealing with the lockdown, okay? And certainly a couple things I'd like to go over markets-wise this morning. So, you know, if you're new to this channel, don't forget to like and subscribe. Plenty more updates for coming throughout the week. But first screen I wanted to start with was this one, which is a tweet I did yesterday. So every now and again I put out a poll. I like to put these polls out when I myself, as I was yesterday, were generally a little bit neutral about what I think for the day ahead. I think yesterday was a day where we had remember on the charts, where you can still see it now if I transition over, got the three major indices up here in front of me, the Dow, the Nasdaq and the S&P 500 future in the center charts.  However, as you can see, we have fully recovered that move and some. And I think yesterday was one of those days where, you know, if you came in in the morning first thing Monday, a lot of the press was quite negative about this escalation in the tensions between the US and China and I think that could have skewed, if anything, your outlook of how you were going to approach the day. So really two things that I would really look at in those circumstances, which was correlations. So what are T-notes? What is gold doing? Generally the Japanese yen doing. And so I like to see the multi-asset kind of mix and to basically give a higher conviction rate between whether I think, generally sentiment is going to sour and equities potentially could remain further heavy. I would want to be seeing these kind of coordinated moves across markets. And yesterday, not a great deal of that. And, you know, the second point being that politically, obviously, we're in a presidential election year. Biden's been taking his fair pops up at Trump saying he's weak against China. And obviously, Trump can't resist, but come back at that. And so how much of it is reality, as we've said before, China, like for like overnight, you know, criticizing Pompeo, but not actually criticizing Trump and same with Xi being exempt from some of the Chinese criticism coming by way of America. So again, definitely large, significant tail risk towards a further mismanagement and escalation of tariffs. But Jim Kramer, I know people have a bit of a split opinion about Mad Money's Jim Kramer on CNBC, but he was making a good point yesterday, I thought, which was the idea that really, there's not a lot of ability for Trump to do further tariffs on China, because that's only going to put more jobs at risk, potentially at a point when we're in the depths of the pandemic situation. So a lot of this, perhaps a little bit of hot air at the moment, certainly warrants monitoring, of course. But yesterday, the reason why I'm showing this poll is that people, when I did this, were overtly kind of bearish on the outlook for the week. And that's, you know, we're only on Tuesday. So they might be right in the end of the week. But just that whole idea about being OK and comfortable with having quite a neutral short term outlook when you're trading intraday and then being able to adapt as the situation evolves, because I think quite a few people might have got caught wrong side. Trying to sell into that equity move yesterday, when inevitably we just continued higher and we finished up. The Asia Pacific Session is still a little bit down in terms of the general liquidity. Japan, China and South Korea are all closed overnight. But going into the European Session, if I just flip over to the DAX, we are currently trading up about 140 at the moment. And in the DAX, if I just go to the center left, we're just kind of hovering around the higher the range of what we had yesterday. You can see fairly important from a near term technical perspective, looking at the last, you know, seven, 10 days worth of price action. And around that 10, 6, 28 level, any firmer push above, then you'd be looking for an attempt for a gap fill on a push up to, first of all, probably those lows that were seen on the 28th and then the eventual move up toward the Friday low levels, which are currently about 140 points above where we are at the moment. Certainly not off the cards for the DAX in terms of the average ranges that we see in that index. Elsewhere, just looking at the broader markets, the dollar index is basically flat. So not really too many telling signs going on in the currency market for the moment. We'll have a look at the Aussie in a second because we had the RBA overnight. Gold, just seeing a bit of a bump higher as Europe have come in, albeit just still down about four dollars on the session. T-notes down four ticks on the day, just with some of the general stability seen in the equity market at the moment, with those US indices holding on to positive gains at the moment in the futures. The other market is oil. Oil you can see here, just looking on a 60 minute chart, had that kind of rough trend line marked up over what has been the quite phenomenal recovery in oil. And I was just looking at where we are to where we have been. And a couple of things to be aware of, and I'm just going to run through a few headlines. For one, obviously, we continue to go from a south of $10 really level, or $10.30 actually, in fact, $10.07 was the low. And we are now trading up as of this morning at $22. So, yeah, two areas really of quite firm technical relevance. The nearest point being the breach that we had late in the US session yesterday, which was north of 2050. That was helping restrict some of the price action through the 1st of May.  And that's pushed us back up to consolidate now up and around the levels that we were trading back on the 21st of April. Above here, if we continue pushing, then I'm just keeping an eye here around $22.70 at being the high that we had back on the 21st and that low on the 20th. And then I think if you go a bit further back, that does start to bring in as well a similar price point level that was seen back on the 20th of March as well. So I'm interested to see how we react up at these levels. Now, why is oil rallying? Well, a couple of different things. I'd say probably threefold. And let me just switch over to here. So fifth day of gains, output cuts easing glut concerns. So let's focus on that one first. And here's a graphic via the FT looking at coronavirus leads to a big drop in oil demand, but it should recover. And this is one of the things that we were looking at as we go into further into May. The more than that, these OPEC cuts, which they had agreed at that meeting pretty much about a month ago now, on April 9th, about not just OPEC plus, but these other kind of G20 energy countries all getting involved. So the combination of a coordinated effort to reduce production, but also the natural lower price point, just taking off a lot of oil production offline, is going to lead to this very sharp V shape recovery in total world consumption is the idea. So here you can see then by the time the FT graphics suggesting citing the EIA, the energy information administration in the US, that by the time we get to kind of June, July, then the production and the consumption rates should have hit a kind of equilibrium in that sense. So again, a little bit of stabilisation, certainly that the calendar kind of spread and what we were seeing is starting to narrow quite considerably, which is more of aversion back to normality after that big negative price movement we had about two weeks ago. So that's kind of, I guess, point one. The other points here that people are looking at is this particular comment. Genscape reports are the modest rise in stockpiles at Cushing. So if anyone new to energy markets every week, there's basically three pieces of information that we look at from an infantry perspective. Monday, we get the Genscape reading. Then we get the American Petroleum Institute, the API's inventories, which will get later tonight at nine, just after 9 30 London time. So very much later in the evening. And then we get the Department of Energy's, the DOE's infantry numbers, which are the main kind of more market volatile release because it's dropped right in the middle of the session. And that's the kind of main event, if you like, for the weekly crew inventories. So the Cushing one specifically focuses on Genscape and it reported a 1.8 million barrel build in inventories at Cushing, Oklahoma. That would mark the smallest increase at the hub since mid-March. Remember, part of what caused this whole oil situation of negative prices was a lack of storage and this idea that we are closely getting towards maximum capacity. But what the Genscape data is suggesting is that, yes, there are builds, but they're becoming ever more smaller, which is a more positive side as well. That the actual getting towards hitting capacity is going to be slower, but also as well. Hopefully then, if consumption can start to pick up again and demand pick up generally, as what we're seeing with coronavirus lockdowns now being talked to be loosened across the globe. Well, then hopefully that can offset then some of this storage issue going over the next period of weeks and months. I guess there's probably a question of, well, who are Genscape other than having this super cool looking website? They're the world's largest private network of infilled monitors and industry leading alternative data. So market intelligence essentially, but in a more real time fashion. Who actually has visibility on the Genscape data? This would predominantly be oil specialists, those who need it in industry. So big oil firms, transportation, these types of things where you really need to be tracking it because a large volume of probably physical movement as well as, you know, these power companies actually looking to manage and hedge their positions and so on. So does it get much of a look in from a trading intraday point of view? Yes, people do look at it particularly in the context of now when Cushing obviously is such a hot spot that people are keeping an eye on in the crude market. So hopefully that makes a little bit more sense. So Genscape on a Monday, API on a Tuesday and DOE on a Wednesday. The other thing then that's probably assisting some of the oil recovery is we're looking at this, which is the update on the coronavirus situation. So several countries have turned the corner with a number of new cases now in decline. So just going to give you an overall kind of summary of what the situation is. So in America, California, which was the first state to go and lock down over COVID-19 will start loosening its lockdown on Friday. Retail stores are set to open this week. Then in New York, I saw the number of daily coronavirus fatalities. Well, this is not New York for the US fell below a thousand for the first time in more than a month on Monday. New York also seeing some signs of progression as well in terms of controlling the situation. Italy, they began to reopen its economy after two months. Spain has started to relax its lockdown regime. And Hong Kong's leader has said the city may relax virus restrictions soon. So we're all kind of getting to that to that point. And obviously that's probably also having a little bit of a general supporting factor for markets overall. I don't think it's definitive, but at least the situation at this point is not getting worse. Obviously, as we've stated many times before, we are far from out of the woods yet in terms of the potential repercussion. That any mismanaging of the unwinding of these quarantine measures being put in place could have further down the road. But for now, things are relatively OK. Elsewhere from the overnight session, we've had the RBA come out. They maintained both the cash rate and three-year bond yield target at 0.25 percent. The Aussie is pretty much neutral to where it started. Initially dipped, it rallied a decent amount, hit a high when Europe came in. Now it's backed off a little bit. So pretty mixed really. I would say overall, no real great surprises coming, despite a variance of perhaps 25-30 pips in the pair's price movement. The bank said it was prepared to scale up these purchases again in terms of what it's been actively doing and unconventional measures. And they'll do whatever is necessary to ensure bond markets remain functional. They decided to broaden the range of eligible collateral for its operations to include Australian dollar securities issued by non-bank corporations with an investment grade rating. All in all, though, they're bracing for an economic hit that they haven't done anything spectacularly new, but similar, I guess, to what we've had from other central banks of late. And pretty much in fitting with what economists were expecting from the RBA. So net, net, not too much there. The other thing that's that some people will be looking at today that isn't kind of on your mainstream calendars is this. And this is the German Constitutional Court is about to rule on the legality of the ECB's QE program. Now, I've got here a bit of a short summary because a lot of this might be new for some of you. So what I want to kind of wrap it up is to general term is what we're looking at here. So the ECB is not subject to German law. But if you think about the way of which the the Eurozone works, is that every single member of the Eurozone has its own national kind of central bank. So in this case, in Germany, they've got the Bundesbank. So the Bundesbank, though, has to adhere to German law, albeit then on the top level, the ECB might not. So what happens on this level can, though, have a precedence on what can happen then on a European wide level. Now, that's because the reason why it's such a big deal is that Germany central bank is the largest shareholder in the ECB. If you think about more broadly the way the ECB functions in terms of things like quantitative easing, well, you cannot ask or expect a country like Malta to be contributing the same in terms of funds. Then someone like Germany, economically, they're just so wildly different in terms of their ability and capacity to be able to do so. So therefore it's more of a proportionate basis in this sense. And no ruling from the court today would therefore take the Eurozone into legally uncharted territory. The ruling was expected to happen actually about two months ago, but the court postponed as part of the broader coronavirus lockdown. They argue that the ECB is overstepping its authority with the QE program and removing the incentive for EU countries to pursue sound fiscal policy by creating then this ever expanding safety net. You know, if you think about it really between the lines, then Germany are paying more. The biggest beneficiary of that is Italy and a lot of people in Germany have a problem with that, as probably that you can imagine. So herein lies the problem. The worry, of course, is the negative ruling could throw some doubts as to the newly announced 750 billion euro pandemic emergency purchase program from the ECB, the PEPP. However, the ruling won't formally cover that particular policy tool, but the court's reasoning could hold implications for it. As per, I'm sure you guys are more broadly aware of legal proceedings, you can set a precedent then, depending on how this is dealt with, what it might mean then for other options that the ECB might have for QE going further forward. Particularly this idea then about if they are going to expand the QE program going forward, then there's probably going to have to be some tweaks into how the ECB's purchases are conducted. And this is where then the issues could lie. So yeah, I'm not sure on the calendar if they've got a time for this, but obviously you've got my Twitter handle there. Just follow me any timings I get or any hearsay rumors and so on. I'll keep you posted. I can see here on the calendar, they've got the German court ruling happening at 9am London time. So I do suggest you keep an eye out for that. I'm a little bit unsure how much reaction you'll get, but I'd prefer then by conclusion of that statement to sit on the side. Lines and just wait for that to let the clarity emerge of what the exact ruling is before then committing to anything to to brash on any Euro related moves at this point this morning. That's pretty much it. So quick look at the calendar. What have we got? So other than that court ruling. Harbie is obviously done. You've got the UK. These are final reading for the service PMI construction PMI. And then we go into the US afternoon. No real major 130s coming out of the States until we get to the afternoon. You also get the service PMI from the US again. Final reading, the API for trees coming later on this evening. Speaker wise, ECB's Mersh speaking at 9.40, then Feds Evans and Bostick speaking this afternoon evening. But just a reminder, they are both non-voting members of the FMC this year. And then from a US earnings point of view, I guess if you're an index trader, not really too much risk there, the biggest largest cap names Walt Disney, Dominion, Allagan, more for the single stock traders out there. All right, that is it. So unless there's any questions, let me know. Be happy to pick them up or just leave a comment on the video. Remember to like and subscribe. Be much appreciated and I'll see you same time tomorrow. Thanks very much guys.


So, yeah, my name is Maxwell. I'm going to talk to you about a course that I delivered at Masenu University just last semester. I work for a company called Edutab Africa that I co-founded with a few friends and I'm also a master's degree student of information technology at Masenu University, which is the university that brags about being the only university around the world that sits right at the equator because part of the university is northern hemisphere, the other part of the university is southern hemisphere. So, yeah, about Edutab is a company that was created by me and two other people which seeks to be an enable of better use of technology in education, research, agriculture and of the last few years, we've been starting to provide Moodle services where we work with host companies to provide Moodle instances for clients. Now, before it got to where we started offering Moodle services, you know, as human beings, we are naturally a storyteller, so I'm going to tell you about my Moodle journey. So, I started interacting with Moodle about nine years ago during my undergraduate course where we had one HIV course that was mandatory to everyone and it was obvious the best thing to do was to offer it online. And I have to say, Masenu has had a very good e-learning system. I guess it's been one of the universities from Kenya that has a very good e-compass.  Then, after finishing my undergraduate in 2015, then I joined a company where I started being the technical guy who installed Moodle on Raspberry Pi and taking them to schools and down the road not really caring much about how it's being used or things like that. And remember, during my undergraduate times, I didn't know that it was called Moodle. It's only when I started installing this that I learned, oh, actually this is Moodle. Fast forward, when we started Edutab Africa, we now started working with more people from around the world and from around Africa especially. We've worked with the Association of African Universities Inclusive Education, the people we just made a presentation with before here. And now we are working with Inclusive Education to use Moodle for children, PP1, PP2. So basically, the range of things at Edutab that we do with Moodle is from children, primary, high school, all the way to high education. So that's more like the journey with Moodle. Having that experience over time and because as postgraduate students at the university, we are given diploma courses to teach, I decided that because the diploma students at Masano did not have any online course at that point in time, which is just a few months ago, I decided from experience, let me create one course that is going to enrich the experience learning online because as you've seen from starting interacting with Moodle, as someone who doesn't know about it, installing it, working with people in instruction design, I decided to do this course and we agreed that it's going to be like a benchmark for other online courses that will be developed for the diploma students. Before doing this course, definitely I really needed to understand the students. So I had first to do a few pre-course activities which happened more like a month earlier on. So I developed a very quick website which was like a website containing information about the course. The course was called Management Information System and this was basically providing information about the outline of the course, the outcomes of the course and things like that, contact details and things like that and also how the different ten weeks will be delivered. I also needed to understand the situation with the students. So I did a very quick survey which was taken by the students and after the survey, I definitely developed the materials, I did finally student enrollment and of course orientation. So this is an IT class and these statistics I'm sure do not surprise you that much because we only have seven females out of the 37 students in that class. In my own class, during my undergraduate, we had only four ladies out of about 35. So it's, you know, and this is six years down the line. So we need to be working towards getting more female into IT and this, and definitely this survey was done using Google Forms. So one of the things I needed to understand because this is going to be a hybrid course, I needed to understand the kind of devices the students have so that that then informs me how I develop these materials. And one of the interesting bits is that all the students, 37 of them reported having a smartphone, so which made my work easier because now I knew they could use their mobile phones. And then something else that was reported about 94% of them had access to a desktop or a laptop, which means at least we had enough devices to have this course. But then this number, 94.6 could be really attributed to the fact that we import a lot of used computers and desktops and things like that. So the prices of these things are not as high and people decide to buy those that they can afford because as IT students without a laptop again, it's a big challenge. And so I was not very surprised by that number. I also wanted to check with them what they were most comfortable with in terms of communication around the course. And again, it didn't surprise me that much because a lot of them say they preferred WhatsApp because WhatsApp is very common and this could also be attributed to their behavior and also the demographic, which a lot of these are just from form fall, high school leavers, so they use WhatsApp a lot. And a very small number is talked of emails. And this is linked then to, at the end of the course, I did a post-course evaluation and a lot of them mentioned that they used mobile phones to access learning materials. Now, the WhatsApp bit was used in collaboration with other module tools for messaging during the course. And as I will tell you, the next slide is that maybe they may have selected WhatsApp because they did not know about other messaging or communication tools that are available within Moodle because as you can see, 81% of them had never taken any other course before. And the 18.9% that had a course done before, these were some of the students I directed with them before and said, actually you can try this course in Coursera, you can do this on EDX, you can do this on Udemy. Now, in terms of internet access, well, in Kenya, internet cost is dropping because definitely there has been a lot of laying down on infrastructure and government putting a lot of effort to reach different places to have fiber and things like that. So a lot of them mentioned they have had, you know, they used more than 50 megabytes in a week, which means, you know, they could basically get down a cost that's like 3.5 MB downloaded to the iPhone and use it. And a lot of them didn't have, you know, access to public Wi-Fi. That means, you know, they lived in hostels that did not provide that. So about the course itself, this was a 10-week course with two physical meetings. And this was between like 5th week and 10th week when the course was ending. And the interactive materials that I had were mostly SCOM, but for people who would like to have things printed, I had PDF for them. So in terms of an enrollment and orientation, because most of them had not taken any online course before, I made a video for them that showed how to navigate both the web and using the Moodle app to download content, navigating it and using the content offline. And about the course, every week there were different mixed of assessments, which included master quizzes, timed quizzes, and things like that. And the feedback for the course, for the improvement of the course, I decided not to use Moodle to collect it because people knew if I'm logged in and I say this to the lecturer, you know, in terms of cultural issues that, you know, students, there are things that you shouldn't say to a lecturer, then I decided to use Padlet, which were completely anonymous to receive very honest feedback. And some of the things that the student mentioned, they really enjoyed very, very much. One was the discussion forums. One of the quotes is talking about the ability for them to interact was really, really appreciated by them.  And the master quizzes, you could do them as many times as you want. And they were, you know, like randomized questions. So they felt good that they could do master quizzes so much and then, you know, have the timed quizzes, which could measure their level of understanding. And one of the units that I'm going to talk about in the next one minute is they said they really enjoyed a topic called data security, privacy and protection. And this is a unit that I used comics in Kenya. We normally call them memes, you know, these funny things that people share on WhatsApp and things like that. And part of the reason I think that they enjoy this is because it's very, very relatable to what they send each other all the time, you know, funny memes and characters like this. And also the fact that something has had happened in Kenya, which was related to issues of data security and privacy that got the government stopping one of the projects that it had taken. And so they found this topic, you know, very, very meaningful for them. Now, coming down to our context, as you might have people who were here before, we work in mostly places where offline is really appreciated. And I wanted to check how much they used the Moodle app because having, you know, the orientation cost to show them how to do this, I was really hoping they would use this. And 91.3% of them said they used Moodle app. And the big things why they used was because it was free and easy to use and also from the comments I got from the end, it's easy to use, it's less data costly, which comes back to the appreciating the fact that this is offline. You can download notes, you know, while online and study offline, it made work easy accessing notes offline, the resources were available when I wanted to study and dot, dot, dot, good notes were available offline. So the fact that this was available offline was really appreciated by them. Remember, this was their first time, most of them taking an online course. And when I asked them at the end whether they would want to take another online course, everyone said yes, because, again, flexibility was key. Some of these students work, some of these students have, you know, part-time jobs and things like that. And they also don't want to keep coming to school sometimes and lectures don't happen. And one of the interesting one was the last one which is, you know, they say they are able to balance the academic work and study. And of course, challenges were initial weeks were very challenging for them.  So sometimes they could delete some topics so that they can get new topics in. And that brings my presentation to an end. Thank you very much. So what's next? Are you going to be able to teach another class? Are they going to use your template for the going forward? Yeah, so that's a very good question. Thank you very much. So the next plans from this is improve this course and that becomes a benchmark for more development of other online courses for these diploma students. Yeah. Hi, Max, thank you so much. I'm just wondering, so are you planning on doing some kind of training of trainers so that more people than you can do courses? Yeah, so a lot of postgraduate students get to teach these diploma students. And some of those are within my class. A lot of them don't have any experience with Moodle, but with this course and the improvement we're going to make, I'm looking at the next three semesters, other people being able to take up this and using this as a benchmark to have these similar courses for the students.


it can be very difficult when, I think it's probably an experience that a lot of autistic people have just in general about, you know, having these passions just kind of squashed by people in your life. It can be quite heartbreaking when, you know, it's something that you do a lot and it's kind of like this central part to your, well, a part of your identity that you do this kind of thing. And it's kind of disapproved of. Yes. And I was got annoyed when people would say, oh, your hobby, you know, or something like that. I'm like, no, you know what? I'm a writer and that's, you know, even if I don't make a lot of money writing, it's part of who I am. And it's, you know, it's a central part of my life, you know, more than some random job or something.


Everybody forced here ripping a box of 2022. It's optic blaster Optic football blaster for Blake H. Good luck Blake See let's see. Let's see a nice party here. Where do your picket? Oh Purple shock party would do well here Yeah, pop century is fun. They got a high-end one coming out. I think we should be getting this week Got a diamond hands Michael Pittman, Jr. Louis scene rated rookie purple shock rated rookie Tyrion Davis price Lante Taylor Hollow is gonna be Nick Bosa There's a base right or rated rookie Brock Purdy. Very nice nice blaster card there See a shock now. Come on. It is for Darian Mathis rated rookie purple shock Wondell Robinson Great Iron Kings James Cook purple shock rated rookie Johan Dotson. That's a solid one J. Dots good Tyler Gordon and a hollow is Hassan Reddick Hello Hassan Reddick Matt Corral rated rookie Appreciate the order Blake. We'll get these cards out to you shortly. Thank you. Thank you


We were excited since Nikki has always drawn such remarkably expressive characters to make completely invented animals Not even animals really just freaks We had this idea that we could embrace the title of freak as it is such a nonspecific title The word means anything really unusual or unexpected But it is bandied by bullies around the world to diminish anyone they deem to be weird This derisive blanket term taken at its actual definition is a fantastic set of constraints for a design project We wear the title of freak as I have come to wear the title queer with pride and Assign its literal meaning to ourselves and to the objects we wish to create Unexpected abnormally shaped surprising out of the blue To us these terms all sound pretty cool We want to make beautiful freaks we christen the series a freaks