So in today's webinar, we are going to be talking about module two, which is the industry introduction and joining us to do that today. Oliver Shea, who is the director of Omni Media and Planning at Boots. And we also have Pete Markey, who is the chief marketing officer at Boots. So I'm going to hand it over to you both, as I know you have a presentation to show us. And then I'll come back for a Q&A at the end. Brilliant. Thank you. Yeah, Ollie's just going to get on the screen now. So first of all, thank you all for coming along today. It's a real privilege to come and share a bit with you today. What we're going to do is first of all, I'm going to chat a bit about Boots. And then Ollie's going to share a bit about his background. I'm going to share a bit about mine. And then together we're going to answer some of the questions you've sent us. And then obviously very happy to open the floor to more questions. So Ollie, let's start with a bit about Boots. So you may know a fair amount about Boots. But the most of it is you don't know. So we are 170 years old. We've got a ton of different things we do. You may know us for a pharmacy. You may know us for beauty, but we also have a hearing care business, opticians business, a thriving business in Ireland. I'll have some Advantage card holders on this call today. We've got over 15 million of you. And we're going to be celebrating 25 years of that award-winning loyalty scheme next year. Lots of Boots stores around. I've been in the business quite recently. I joined 10 months ago. And my antenna is always tuned into where a Boots store is. It's amazing how many there are and how close they are. You can literally get to one within 10 minutes. We're also a thriving digital retailer. Our sales are up over 100% since the pandemic started. And we've really grown our sales through digital and the app. So we're not just about a physical store. We're about so much more. The marketing team is mainly based in Nottingham. Although today I'm in our satellite office in London. And we either work from Nottingham or from home or from our London office or from one of our agencies in London. 120 people in the team. It's a strong team. We've done a lot of quite exciting work recently. We're gearing up for Christmas at the moment. But we ran a campaign through the summer called Feel Good is New. And that was named the most effective out of the month in June by marketing week based on how it scored for persuasion and responsiveness. So we're really delighted with that. We've seen some great results from our recent activity in the last six to nine months that Oli and I are particularly proud of. We were asked about how the team structured and happy to talk more around therefore where opportunities lie. But our broad structures have a marketing comms team who deliver the work in store. You have TV, social media, video on demand, radio, all the bits you know us for. We have a loyalty team that deal with the Advantage card and what we do each day. The media strategy and planning team, which is Oli's team that I'll let Oli bring to life in a moment. Development, which is about how we shape our customer experience and what technology we used to do that. An insight and research function and we have an internal creative studio. So we have a 50 plus strong creative studio where we don't just use big agencies. We have people doing creative in the building with us in Nottingham. And WPP, who are referenced there, are one of the world's leading big ad agencies. And we work with them and they do all of our big creative idea work including Christmas is launching soon. As you can see on the bottom, Oli and I are relatively just about. We can just about claim to be new guys just about still. But I don't know what Oli thinks but we learn every day. It's an amazing business and every day I'm learning new things about the business and how we operate. So really pleased to be here but wanted to share a bit of context around boots and what Oli and I are going to come and talk about. But I'm going to add to Oli now who's going to share first of all about his background and how he got into marketing. Over to you, Oli. Brilliant. Thank you so much, Pete. And I love it to meet you all this afternoon. Pete said, yeah, very much the newbies to Boots. So for me, it's just been five months that I've been here at Boots. And my role is omnimedia director. So I kind of have two hats as people saying I look after the consumer media side of the business. So working on all of our activity at the moment for things like Christmas. So how we're putting together all of our plans for that with my team. And then on the other side of my role is I am responsible for Boots Media Group, which is our supplier driven business, which is where we look at how we can leverage our own kind of media channels within Boots, such as our in-store channel, our on-site Boots.com channel. And now we're developing other channels off-site that we'll be able to obviously leverage with some of our supplier base. So that's my role now. But my career, I've kind of been over kind of the last 20 years. I've been born as you can hear and raised in the UK. And I've lived both in the UK and also abroad over the last kind of 20 years of my career. And just going to share with you guys a little bit of where, how my career has taken me and some of the things I've worked on. So really I've worked across a real range of kind of large companies. So my career started in retail in Sainsbury's. And I started on the graduate program there where I worked in the stores group and the retail group for about three and a half years there. Really fantastic. I think it was some great grounding for me to really understand that kind of core retail business. And I think kind of passion and love for retail always kind of began. But I'm also, I'll be very open to a geeky techie guy. And so the opportunity kind of came up at the head office at Sainsbury's to kind of move in. It was just about the kind of genesis of the kind of e-commerce for them. So I had the chance to kind of move over and start working in the kind of e-commerce business there. Started working on things like what was the original Sainsbury's to you which is now their home delivery service. Worked on that for a number of years. And that kind of, I got bitten with the bug then both on e-con, but also I started to get really into the marketing space and a lot of digital marketing. Really enjoyed it, loved it. And I think it kind of gave me the drive to look at what opportunities I could have in my career. An opportunity came up to move to Nestle. So I had the opportunity to go and work for Nestle for about three and a half years in the UK as the head of digital. Really great, got to work on a great range of brands there from Nespresso to Nestcafe, from everything from kind of cat and dog food all the way through to Sweets. And really worked with them in a kind of genesis when we had things like Facebook were beginning to come live and have a chance to kind of work on some great brands and really learn from that. But I think the opportunity that spurred me was well, what else is out there? What other brands are out there that I could work with? And I've always been a massive fan of Guinness, a big rugby fan. And so an opportunity came up to move to Diageo to run the kind of media planning and buying department there in the UK. So I took that opportunity. Guinness is one of the brands I got to work on. And I had a great chance to work on great brands. Diageo has a great heritage of being able to have a great way of building brands and the kind of learnings I got there were quite brilliant. So I spent five great years there both in the UK and then in Europe. Really, really enjoyed it. Gave me a great bedrock. But I wanted to get back into commerce. I wanted to feel a bit more connected to the delivery. And also I wanted to live outside the UK. So I moved from London over to Amsterdam to work as booking at booking.com at the time quite startup in its genesis. I did five great years there building the media team there and the media department. Really, really enjoyed it. I think it gave me all the international experience that exposed me to kind of a global role, but also gave me some challenges of working and living in another country. And I got to work across a range of different places. So I worked on European, Europe, US, Latin, and also gave me the chance to move over to Asia. Five great years there, but was looking also for a new challenge and about 18 months ago, I took the opportunity to move over to Denmark where I work for Echo for about just over 15 months. Really enjoyed it. It was great. I got to be the great media director there. But I felt the kind of pull of coming back to UK. And so here I am now after seven years away, moving back to kind of be at Boots. Amazing opportunities to work for Brown with real heritage and with the chance to work with Pete. And also, you know, we know there's an exciting agenda ahead for us. So that was a lot of draws for me. So my career has been quite varied across the board. Lots that I've learned from it, but it just kind of gave me the chance, I suppose to look at different areas and move into it. I've always worked in media. I love media as a kind of discipline. I think as I've grown, I really liked the opportunities to kind of meld those kind of long-term brand building approaches. So how do you take kind of big TV advertising and marry it really with kind of pure performance and things like PPC programmatic. And I think as the kind of media landscapes have evolved, particularly over the last period of time, it just gives that constant evolution that's challenging that always means there's something new to learn, which I really enjoy. And then I think the other thing for me is I really always see media as a kind of growth driver for a business. And that for me is something that's always driven me as an exciting part, which is, you know, media is not an investment. It's an opportunity to drive revenue and profitability for a company. And that's something I'm really excited about doing. And having the chance to do that at Boots is really something that's been a super exciting part for me. So that's just a little bit about me. We'll talk a bit more later and please do ask any questions about it. But I'll hand over to Pete. Brilliant. Thanks, Ollie. Great introduction. Ollie is a really key member of my team. So it's brilliant to be able to do this with Ollie. And I'm going to show a little bit about how I got into marketing. And so a little bit first about me is I've lived all around the country. Sadly, I haven't got as many air miles as Ollie, which I'm quite jealous about. I've mainly lived in the UK. So from High Wickham to I was a Geordie for a while. As a kid, I sounded like a poor version of Anton Deck. I used to be a big fan of Newcastle United Football Club growing up. But my dad's job meant we moved from Newcastle to Bristol. And then from there, I went to university in St. Hampton, got married and lived in Basingstoke and now live in East Surrey towards Horseshoe direction. And so it's given me a chance to see all sides of the UK and live in some wonderful places and meet some amazing people. But it also means my accent is completely nonscript. So when people meet me, I have no idea where I'm from. But I do reassure you that years ago I did have a very, very broad Geordie accent. But the years in Bristol sort of took that away from me. But I haven't gone for Bristolian either. But it's anyway, it's been a rollercoaster ride. When I went to university, I'd love it. Sometimes people ask me, what was your big career plan? How'd you get into marketing? When I went to university, I really wanted to get into journalism. So I did, first of all, an HND and then upgraded that into a degree at St. Hampton. And I wanted to leave to either become a journalist or work in public relations. And I actually, I'll tell the full story, I actually turned down the chance to take on a graduate job in public relations to stay in St. Hampton to be with my then-girlfriend, who's now my wife who I've been married to for 24 years. So I made the right decision there. But turned my back on a career in PR and ended up working, first of all, in British Gas. So I needed money. So I basically got this degree, left with a 2-1 in corporate communication. It had been everything from advertising, PR, media, video production. I ran a radio station. And just to pay the bills, I ended up working in British Gas. I was doing the things in customer service. And from there, I got to know the business in the St. Hampton office. I got to work in the internal comms team. I led a sales team. And then applied for a job in the head office in marketing. So I thought, you know what, I've done marketing. I did this in my degree. I thought, know what I'm doing. And so I got a job working on analyzing the performance of British Gas' big brand campaigns. Now, this is going to make me sound incredibly old. And I apologize for this. But it was a day, many moons ago, when you could only ever buy your gas from British Gas. You could only buy it from British Gas. And so I was in British Gas at the point where the whole energy market opened up. You could buy your gas from a range of companies, buy electricity from a range of companies. Back in the late 90s, it was like unheard of. It was like revolutionary. So I was in British Gas when the brand really mattered because we went from having 30, 40 million customers to sort of having a lot less quite quickly. So you were constantly looking for how could you retain and hold on to customers. Really exciting business to be in. And I worked in a range of roles in marketing from brand then to direct marketing. And the business centric who still owned British Gas went on a really exciting strategy program where they bought the AA to get into not just people's homes but into people's cars as well. They bought one tell an Australian business that was a telecoms company that did again. I'm showing my age here. Fixed line telecoms where you'd have a call package where before mobiles exploded, you get a phone at home, people would ring you up on it. And that was really important for us. But I did sell mobile in the early days of mobile for 99 a month Nokia handsets. That was me, an unlimited broadband. So I got to work in the AA first of all and then in one tell working again on marketing programs. Really interesting business particularly one tell because we didn't have a big marketing budget but similar to what Ollie was describing it's all about response. Getting people we had we had at that time it's early 2000s that 40% of our customers doing online servicing. Which 20 years ago is phenomenal to think about. There was amazing business where it was all about how you performed in digital. Hey performed in response. We even ran responsive press ads. You were literally living the business day by day on performance. Love that business. That business actually got sold. So a company called talk talk that you probably still see advertised a talk talk bought one tell. They literally came in overnight and painted over our logo with their logo that sacked our agencies. I had to make my entire team redundant.  And I decided that I'd done telecoms. I really didn't want to do it anymore. And I had the chance to go and work for a big insurance company called more than there's part of Royal and Sun Alliance and move to Horsham. And then with that I was able to do more response, more brand activity. I ran the digital team as well, the e-commerce team and grew that business significantly by investing in the brand and response channels. I then got a chance to do a global role. So I went from more than to work for Royal Sun Alliance globally. So I got to sit on the board of the Russian business. I worked in Scandinavia, Ireland, Canada, Latin America. I went to Chile and Argentina quite a lot. It was really interesting working as a marketing consultant within a business, fixing difficult naughty marketing and brand problems. And what was particularly exciting is working in businesses that were so different from the UK. The markets are just so, it's a very obvious point and you will be learning this through the work you do with CIM, but markets can be so, so completely different. You know the product might be the same, but the way it's sold. So a great example is Russia where you go over there and you think golly, these guys should be doing loads of targeted marketing. You know, even direct mail still writing to people. Yeah. There's no way you could buy people's postal addresses. You can't get postal addresses in Russia. It's sort of unheard of. So again, let's quickly rethink our approach to marketing. From there I got to run marketing at the post office for a couple of years. Amazing business. Well established. The business you'll know because it's on the high street everywhere. And I got to go in and reinvigorate the brand, change the customer experience, digitalize it a lot more, and do the first Christmas campaign we've done for five or six years that performed really well. And my most recent roles I went back. I got lured back into insurance. I worked in a digital garage in Aviva where they were trying to disrupt, create a business model to disrupt how they did insurance, fast turnaround with data and marketing tech with Adobe, similar to what Ollie described about performance, marketing and media. And I took all of that into running marketing at TSB for the last three and a half years and then into boots nine months ago, which is amazing business that we'll share more about. I've been lucky to work on some really big campaigns and pretty too many intervention here. But I've loved working on big brand projects, but also the sort of hands-on work that Ollie described is seeing how your marketing activity performs every day. That's the brilliance. When I first started in marketing, the dream was how do you get the right product, the right service, the right message in front of someone at the right time? So take boots. If someone's got a cold or a headache, make sure I'm the first place to think about. And actually with all the technology and the data we've got now, the sorts of work that Ollie and I can now do is that personal where we really can be more relevant and show up in whether it's through social media or even our email program or on our app in a way that's hyper-hyper personal and relevant. And that's super exciting. So that energizes me as much as some of the big stuff we're able to do. As well as all the exciting work we're doing with boots, including a fantastic Christmas campaign we've got starring Jenna Coleman, who's been in the likes of Dr. Who, Serpent and Victoria, who's brilliant to work with. That launches very shortly. In my last role at TSB, I re-launched the TSB banking brand with a campaign featuring David Schwimmer from Friends, which was another great campaign to work on. I promise I don't always work with celebrities. I've done as many campaigns without them, but for the ticket for TSB, it really mattered to show up in quite an unexpected way. And having David Schwimmer in his first ever ad campaign was brilliant. And also the content we create, the targeting of the content was brilliant again. Right customer at the right time with our messaging. As well as the day job, I think one of the things that's really important for me as a marketing leader is to do more in the business. So Ollie and I were able to do so much through what we do in the day job. And we're able, both of us do a lot more to extend what we do. And so just a couple examples of what I've been working on recently. I'm the executive sponsor for something called Marketing for Change, about how we show up in the most inclusive way, the people we pick to feature in our advertising, the language we use, the products we feature. And that's globally within not just Boots, but Walgreens and Boots Alliance that owns us. And then also I'm the executive sponsor for the Boots LGBT plus Pride Network, which gives me a chance to work with some amazing people in how we show up throughout the year to truly celebrate the LGBT plus community. And I think for me an important part of my job is being a really positive change agent to make a difference with the great work we do as a marketing team, also within the wider business as a whole. So hopefully that's a helpful history on me and Ollie. And then Ollie and I were just going to quickly sort of tag team on answering some of your questions, if that's all right. We'll pick the next one, Ollie. I'm just going to ask our fantastic host how much longer you want us to talk for, because Ollie and I could merrily chat through these questions very much, but forever in a day. So how much longer would you like Ollie and I to cover and open up for questions? All right, hello. We can start with some questions now if you like, unless there's anything else that you feel is really important that you wanted to go over. Well, why don't we open for questions? I mean, if we don't get any questions, we can cover the ones here, but I'd love to hear from people on this call. We've already had lots come through. Fantastic. That's probably a good idea so that we can get through some of them. Ollie, shall we stop screen sharing for the minute? That's a great idea. That's great. Thank you. Well, thank you both so much for that. Your careers have been incredible so far. So I'm sure it's very inspiring for people watching, and I'm sure they do have even more questions that I can see. The first question we've had is, what do you think is the best route into marketing? Would you say university or an apprenticeship? Ollie, do you want to take that one first? I'm happy to take the perspective, yeah. Yeah, I mean, I think, I think for me it's, I mean, my career was quite very marketing because actually I did my degree in history and then my, I did my master's in politics. So it's completely unrelated to anything I probably do today. So I think from my perspective, I think nowadays with the raft of opportunities that there are in marketing, I think really from my perspective, doing university degree, that is something that you're really passionate about and want to do during the period and gives you great learnings, I think sets you up really well for then whatever your career wants to be after that. So I would say from my side, you know, do the thing that you want to do from a university perspective, look at the opportunities and how that links to maybe what you might want to do in marketing and the teacher, but there's so many like opportunities now to get into it, into marketing, I think, and so many different avenues that you can begin with, that you can cross over. So, you know, from my side, started probably really digitally driven, moved more into brand building, then moved, you know, across. So I would say, you know, do what you love at university, enjoy the time and then from there, look at where you can link your career from there. But there are lots of internships and other opportunities that I've worked with, other partners in other parts of the world with, which also can open up opportunities, maybe when you're not studying as well. And then build on that. Yeah, I think Ollie's spot on.  I think there's some really interesting apprenticeship programs opening up. I mean, the likes of the School of Marketing, the Marketing Academy Foundation, there are a number of ways into marketing now through some of the really great apprenticeship schemes, as well as some companies running those as well. And it's not something we're, I think, doing enough of for Boots at the moment. So Ollie and I are working with our HR business partner on looking at apprenticeship schemes within getting people into Boots. No, we haven't landed the plan yet, but we're actively seeking one. And we'll get there very quickly, hopefully in the next couple of months. I think a degree, it's like, I mean, I did an MBA years ago, and I think a degree is obviously brilliant. If you're passionate about a subject and it opens your eyes to stuff. And part of the familiar learning experience is the people you meet and the journey you go on in it. So I think if you're passionate about something, go chase after it. Go and do a degree and be brilliant at it. I think a lot of it getting into marketing is about, it's about, you know, tenacity. It's about personality. It's about being driven, about being passionate about something and getting out there and getting the right level of experience. So my view would be I push every door down. If you haven't got a degree, don't let it be a barrier. If you're passionate about doing one, go and do one though. And it's not going to hurt you, but I just, I don't think it's the be all and end all now. I think it's more about the drive into termination. But as Ollie says, if there's something you want to do and you want the experience as well in life and the amazing group of people you're going to meet. And I can't argue with that. I met my wife that way. So it's all good. Okay. You meet amazing people and it's quite life changing. Chase after that as well. Would you say there's lots of opportunities, say for someone who doesn't want to go to university or, you know, they just know straight away they want to do marketing, but they're not bothered about university. Would you say there's enough option out there and, you know, they won't be disadvantaged to someone who has a degree? I would. So my hope is not. I mean, as Ollie and I saying, you were seeing more schemes of commercial apprenticeships. Yeah. The best thing to do is get yourself, get onto LinkedIn. And I think LinkedIn is brilliant because LinkedIn obviously wasn't there in the early days of my career in Oli's. And it's really exploding. Actually, the level of searching you can now do for both apprenticeships and marketing roles and even an entry-level marketing assistant are brilliant on LinkedIn. So I encourage anyone to look quite regularly at LinkedIn and go, what's out there? What are people looking for? What criteria? What level of experience are people looking for? And then how do you go about getting that? And how can you start applying and getting into those roles? So it's about curiosity. Be tenacious. Don't get despondent if you don't. You get in the first hurdle and just keep looking for the opportunities and push those doors down. Equally, look at things like the School of Marketing I mentioned. Look at the Marketing Academy and go, are there opportunities with some of those schemes depending on background experience that you could also get into? So yeah, don't let it be a deterrent and seek out every opportunity you can find. But as I say, LinkedIn is a brilliant way to do that now. Yeah. I completely agree with B. I mean, I think now you can talk to a range of different people through LinkedIn. And I think also myself, other people who've been in the industry while also very keen to help people get into the industry. So I think you'll be surprised if you approach people how willing they would be to help, you know, get you get into the industry or to open up opportunities. But I completely agree with B. I think if you've got the will and you've got the desire to do it, it's not a requirement for you to have done a marketing degree or something similar to get into the space. So yeah, I think if you want it and you want to get after it, then it shouldn't be prohibitory at all. Yeah. That's great to know. Thanks. So speaking of, you know, starting an apprenticeship or maybe just coming out of university, what would you say an entry-level job looks like in marketing? So it can vary quite a lot, actually, I think. So if you look at my team, it depends on where you're passionate about because, equally, you might want to go from work in an agency. You might go, actually, I want to do account management or create it for media planning or buying. So I think it depends on that. It could be you want to get into market research. It could be you're massively into data and you want to work in data analytics. All of those are great marketing disciplines. So have a think about where you want to place yourself on that scale of you're more creative, more data-led, customer experience-led and where you want to play there. That's, I think, is a really good place to start. And then an entry-level job tends to be more of a marketing assistant, but it could be a data analyst. It could be a junior planner. It could be any one of those things. So you could find yourself running marketing effectiveness reviews. You could find yourself running a research program. You could find yourself running some media activity, some of the activity Ollie's described. Or you could find yourself running some regionalized or specific marketing campaigns. So I think to answer, I would say have a look at marketing and it's absolute breadth and depth and go where would I, as that person, want to be and what's the level of experience I want to get into. None of those ways in a wrong. But I think the bit, come back to Ollie's point, is find the thing you're passionate. If you love data, get into data. If you love planning, go on plan. If you love creative, find a way to create it. So there's so many different ways in Ollie, aren't there? Even more so now than ever. Yeah, I definitely agree with Pete. I mean, I think find that thing that you really love to do, whatever it is, the element. And maybe also talk to some people who are already in the industry to find out what area it is that you've put interest in. I think to Pete's point, the opportunities now that kind of entry level is so broad. And I would say actually be very open. So I mean, I've set up in-house, say, programmatic planning and buying teams. We took a range of really great people who came in to start just basically building campaign activity for us, but then found they loved certain elements of media, went on to do strategy, went on to do buying. So I think the opportunities there just probably find out that part that you really love to do. And then once you start doing it, does that really interest you? Or as you start to be exposed to more elements, how do you want to then maybe be a bit more specialized or more generalized depending on what you want to do? Thank you. Now, for people who are maybe haven't had any experience, they haven't done any work experience or anything. So they're not quite sure what route they want to go down. As you were saying, to get experience in different places is useful. But what advice would you give to someone who isn't sure what route to go down firstly? What kind of advice could you give to them to choose which route to go down? I would say I would go back to what I was saying before. I think going to talk to some people in the industry and start to understand what it is that that role actually involves doing. I think for myself, I'm very honest. I never really knew what I wanted to do when I first came out of university. I had always knew that I wanted to be in retail and my dad was in retail. So I thought it sounds like a good idea. I should probably do that. So I started in the stores group and then did that for a few years. I kind of found I learned so much from that. So I think my only other thing I would say is don't think too much about what the end destination that you would like to be. Maybe think about some of the elements that you enjoy doing. Get into it, have an opportunity to do it and then go from there. But I would definitely start by talking to some people who are doing that in the industry. Find out if that sounds of interest. He's also listening to people. I mean, there's so much available now. Podcast available. Talking about what they do in the industry. So it gives you an idea of whether or not that interests you. And I think if you start down that road and you enjoy it, it's one of those things that kind of draws you in really. You can't. I mean, I'm a bit like when I look back to my career, I was thinking, well, I never thought I'd be where I am now. I think that's really helpful. Again, coming back to LinkedIn is I think you have a look for even if it was job times, you can follow people on LinkedIn. And actually it's, you know, you can see what they're talking about and what articles that they're promoting. Have a look at the campaign website, campaign live, have a look at the marketing week website, the festival of marketing on YouTube, the drum, all worth following. And you'll get to see what some amazing, you know, amazing work is and whether you want to do that. I would say, I think trust you get a little bit on this stuff. So look, if you don't, you know, if spreadsheets excite you, then maybe you like data. If spreadsheets don't and you get really switched on by creating, if in your social life, you're the person people come to that always plans a night out, maybe you're pretty good at planning. So there's bits already you'll find your DNA. So it's not about, so look, I was not a natural analyst. So I was an analyst for a year in that job and I enjoyed it, but I knew that I didn't want to be reporting on the marketing effectiveness of campaigns for that long. So I jumped at the first opportunity I could to get into managing and planning campaigns and I absolutely loved it. I just knew that spending my life in analyzing data and spreadsheets just wasn't me, but that's not wrong. There are people for whom it's amazing. And those people are chief data officers today who are doing amazing jobs. I'm just thinking about a former colleague who's now running data for Lego. He's exactly that person. Blumen loves it. And those jobs come on big money now. If you're into data, that's the gold. That's the gold rush in marketing at the moment, data analytics, which sadly Ollie and I don't work in, but it's amazing. And you can sort of be quite commanding in the roles you get. Hence, you end up at Blumen Lego, which is fantastic. So I think, yeah, worth having a good look at yourself and where you get your energy from and the sorts of things you like doing it, because it's actually a really good guide for the sorts of roles you could go into. So yeah, have a good look in the mirror and go, what do I like? And that's not a bad guide. Yeah. I think it's important to remember, you know, that this is a career for life. So it's okay to make mistakes at the beginning. You're only 18, 21, whatever age you're starting at.  Sometimes you have to get a job just to get into the industry and then you can find your path from there. Yeah. And I think that's, I mean, one of the things one of my mentors used to say is, you know, your career is never done. It's kind of evolving.  I mean, I hope I've got probably another 20 plus years to go. So, you know, it's an evolution that goes on through it. So I think also that's the other thing is just be patient with yourself. Don't feel like you have to be in a certain place at a certain time. You know, having that journey and that enjoyment is probably something I realised a bit later into my career was part of what I really loved. You know, so being, having the chance to go abroad, having the chance to meet different people, that was all part of the excitement versus where was I or what was I doing. So I think almost as long as you enjoy it and you love what you're doing, that's the biggest thing when you spend a significant amount of time in work. So if you love what you do and you enjoy it, I think that gives you that longevity. But also, you know, you don't need to solve everything on the first day. You have time to do that. Yes. Yeah, definitely. The next question is basically asking what does someone need to do if they wanted to get some work experience at Boots in marketing? I mean, not against it. I guess to check the challenges if everyone asked them, we won't be able to comment everyone. We haven't, just because of the pandemic and not being in the office, it's been quite hard to do it and we're not yet in a pattern of, I mean, Oli can, I happen to be in London, Oli's at home today, but equally Oli could have been in Nottingham today because we were together a few days ago and I was in Nottingham as well. So we're not yet in an established pattern, which has made work experience quite hard. So we haven't turned, in fact, we haven't had a lot of people asking for it, but we wouldn't have rushed into it over recent months simply because what I also wouldn't want is for someone to literally sit on a phone and say, you know, this is the one where we can give someone a project or something to work on where they feel like they've achieved something, even if it's just in a week where you've achieved a bit of work. And then you haven't just, I remember some of the work experience I did, they're freaking awful. I remember I did the photocopy and made the teas and I sat in meetings that no one explained to me and I actually once fell asleep, I had to wake myself up when I was working thinking, please will the world swallow me up. I think it was about 17 at the time and thankfully someone jolted me to awake, but it was not a very interesting meeting. And I just wouldn't want to give someone experience where you go. We've had a work experience at Boots, but you've learned nothing.  So I think we've got to get our act together a bit more in the context of as we evolve into hybrid work, but I'd like to do it in a way that gives people a proper work experience rather than just you've sat in the shadow. Shadowing is a bit rubbish. Come and sit on a call while we hear us chatter about stuff. We don't explain to you, it's not helpful. How would you go about it? I think allow us a bit more time to get organised in the rhythm of how we're working. And I'm not against people reaching out. I suggest do it in the new year to the point where we're more in the rhythm right now. We are so knee deep in Christmas. Olly and I are literally living and breathing. So most of you on the call quite rightly wouldn't be thinking about Christmas unless you're very organised in which case become a planner. We are living Christmas right now. Our ad launches within the next two weeks and already our activities live promoting gifting and we are living and breathing everything from number seven advent calendars to all sorts of stuff at the moment. So now is now is not the easiest time to engage with boots. But come January and we'll come out the other side of Christmas hopefully celebrating with everyone else. And then a really good time and at that point I think we'll be in more of an organised rhythm around how we're working and then we can reopen the topic. Thanks Pete. I'm sure that's really useful for them to know. So anyone watching, if you do want some work experience, maybe save it till after Christmas because it sounds like you two are very busy. But I'm not surprised about any kind of retail industry must be super busy over the Christmas period. But I actually can't wait to see the Christmas advert. I feel like it's a bit of a competition at the moment over the last few years for who can do the best Christmas advert. Yes, yeah. We're super excited to have just had the research back pre-testing before we go live which has shown the strength of what we're going out with. So I hope all of you when you see it love it as much as the research is saying. But we're really excited and Ollie's done some amazing work on the planning around the launch. So yeah, watch this space. So I'm just going to ask you one more question before we finish as we are unfortunately running out of time. But what is your favorite part of working for Boots? I think that the bit this is back to I'll take all these words about something you're passionate about is join a company that you care about what it does and look I've worked in banking and I genuinely believe you can care about what a bank does. You know, businesses inherently in my view at their core are trying to do good things for customers and for shareholders and to members employees but find I think for me find a job find in a business that you care about what their mission is and what they do look at their values look at the culture and go you know that's me I'm aligned with that and I've worked in businesses I found Aviva quite hard Aviva culturally didn't fit with me but Boots is like a hand and glove and all these felt the same I know so that Boots is a purpose led business founded as I said 170 years ago because Jesse Boot founded Boots basically people couldn't afford soap unless you were rich you couldn't afford soap you couldn't afford razor blades you know and sadly that was a real issue but then suddenly it's a bit of an issue now still for some families in real difficulty and so Boots was founded to make healthcare and medicine everything affordable to everyone so that missions continued we work now with Macmillan on cancer support we work with the hygiene bank helping families in real need have access to those hygiene products in shower gel razors deodorants everything today that affects particularly kids in school you turn up in school without access to those products that's a real issue and we work with the Prince's Trust to get more young people into work so on top of and as part of the work Ollie and I do we work in a business that genuinely cares and genuinely puts its purpose front and center so what I love working for Boots is I work with amazing people that Ollie I've got a brilliant of the best team I've had in marketing amazing group of people and we get to do work we're really proud of but we get to make a real difference every day so we're not just selling the next perfume or the next beauty launch yeah we're doing that because it matters and we care about it passionately and as well as that we're also making a difference I hope in society and the world at large and so you can go home in the evening going look we're hopefully overall making a positive difference so my encouragement would be find a brand that you feel the same about and as I say that doesn't have to your brand on paper you think is sexy you know I've worked here and sure you could go how's an insurance make insurance makes a massive difference if you look at communities that flood the difference you make to put people's lives back to normal is enormous people that go through a car crash if your house is burglar and flooded the difference you make in someone's life is enormous so don't always it's not always the most obvious thing you can find businesses that have real purpose and real heart that maybe aren't always the most obvious and equally you know the temptation I had a few years ago was to chase after you know I'm only going to make it for work for Facebook or Google or Amazon or Apple yeah amazing brands if you get to work for them congratulations they're amazing but you can equally learn something working for you know Swinton insurance direct line compare the market confuse go compare you know Santander bank you know they're amazing businesses out there that that you may not think of the sexiest thing on your CV but you can make a real difference so yeah find that place makes a difference excites you as much as boots does to all you know thanks so much do you have anything to add about completely agree I mean I think for me that the thing that attracts me to boot is the culture I mean as Pete says I think that's something you can't underplay I think you know there's a lot of places that you know speed that would be really people would say or that's exactly the place I'd want to work I think for me the biggest thing and what drew me to booze is it has that it really was somewhere I'd always wanted to go to it's a great brand but also the culture brilliant you know there's that collaboration where people want to be successful together and I think that in a business is just such a strength because you have that ability to drive transformation when you know that the person standing next to you wants it just as much as you do so I think if you've got that and you've got that culture and you've got great people around you to work with and learn from that for me is I think that's that's the reason why I mean I come here and I totally agree with Pete I think you know what we feel it's like we're doing now is making a real difference into some of the activities we're doing you know and also the people are brilliant I mean I'm very lucky I've got a great team that I work that works for me and you know that isn't for me is enormously enthusing so yeah I think if you feel that energy about where you are and you know you're in the right place and you feel that you know the culture is you fit with the people that's when the best work you'll deliver because you'll be you'll be all going after the same thing so yeah no but it's a great place to work I mean your passion shines through both of you I can tell that you're obviously so passionate about your jobs and you love your jobs because it's so obvious people can't stop talking about it when they enjoy themselves and I think that's so important in a job so thank you for sharing your passion with us today


Hi and welcome back today. I have a card for you where I will be using a really lovely stamp set This is the ink throws by Altenew and I absolutely love the design because it is so sketchy I also love that it is big and bold so it makes a perfect Element for the top of your cards, but I also think that is perfect for our journaling as well so today I will be using my alcohol markers to color them and there have been released a couple of New sets by Altenew and you can see here the colors for today I will be using the one with the oranges and the greens They have also come up with a new blending marker And if you haven't tried these alcohol markers give them a chance I know that you will find that they are great They blend beautifully. They are nice and juicy and they do have a brass tip as well as a very fine tip Another fun thing about these markers is that they match perfectly with the oval sets by Altenew I'm a big fan of these oval sets and Having the markers to go together with the inks is great because you can mix and match those I am going to do that today for the card. So let's start with the stamping So this is the ink throws stamp set And I'm just showing you the leaflet to get an idea of different things that you can do with this stamp set I'm going to stamp it with my misti and I'm using Permanent ink here so that I can use my alcohol markers later on To color my flower I will be using the oranges from the new marker set and You can see a quick swatch here. I will be using the two lighter markers and the darker one Now I will color each and every flower separately Starting from the darker shade and moving to the middle and to the lighter now I don't like to spend too much time coloring I prefer doing the coloring really quickly and when it comes to alcohol markers I find that super quick coloring works great if you have the perfect set that matches together And this is the case with these oranges So no matter how quickly I go and I don't go back again and again to do the same petal Many times you will see that it's going to look fine at the end Now this big rose is perfect for practicing your coloring skills with any medium really with your alcohol markers your pencils your water coloring It could look beautiful any way you color it now The only thing I pay attention to is to where I'm adding the darker shade And this is why I apply color to each petal separately just to make sure that I add the darker shade of orange Where the petal comes underneath another petal And I will do the same thing again and again until I have all the petals ready to go Now I'm going to show you a fun thing that I like to do with my blending markers So here is the blending marker This is supposed to push the color outside of an area Which means that you can use it quickly over some areas of the petal to push the color away Which is going to add some highlights on your petal I Touch each area very lightly and I don't go back to it again and again You will find that as the time passes. This is going to move So don't add too much in the beginning or it's going to look funny And finally I'm going to use the green colors from the same set I will not use the lighter one I will go with the next three ones. So again I'm using the same technique adding the darker shade at the bottom Move them to the middle side and then to the lighter one Really quick coloring. I don't go back to the areas again and again I just add the color there and I'm ready to go and if the markers blend nicely together You really don't have to worry about anything else. I Will use the magic ties to cut out the images this way I will be able to pop them on my card and not dimension and Now it's time to design the final card to put everything together and for that I will be using the inks that match perfectly with the colors of my markers So I'm going to grab my panel and this is four and a quarter by five and a half and With all leaf oval set.  This is going to match nicely with the color of my leaves Of course, you can do this process with the actual marker But this is quicker and I don't spend a lot of ink from my marker Now I can add the panel on top I can place it at the center to have a lovely green border or I can slide it towards one side Just to add some interest on my card At the top right corner, I'm going to stamp my sentiment again from the same stamp set as the rose I will go with the sentiment that says from the bottom of my heart And I'm going to combine black with one of the oranges that matches perfectly the color of the rose So I masked off the word heart and I stamped the rest of the sentiment with black And now I'm going to stamp only the word heart with orange I'm super happy with the result of my two colored sentiment And I find it really cool when I can match my markers with my alcohol inks And now finally I'm going to put my card together I have a foam tape at the back of my flower as well as at the back of the leaves I'm going to stick them down and my card is ready Now this is actually part of a blog hope so if you are watching on YouTube Make sure to click the link below and go to my blog You will find there a giveaway as well as lots of inspiration So thank you all so much for watching Here are some close up photos on the project that I did for today I hope you had fun that you got inspired and I'll see you all next time


It's time for day 8 of the Ink Fint Reveal. This is the 2022 Diamond Ink Fint Calendar Day 8's Ink of Jingle Berry. This is a standard ink. That was the ink splash, and now that's the ink swatch, and let's do a quick writing sample. It's a fuchsia ink with a little bit of shading.


Neuriva is a very popular brain supplement with a huge secret. So, does it work? Well, let's find out more. Hey, what's up, Greg here from Your Inception. If you want to learn top secrets about Neutropics, subscribe below to start your journey. Oh, and don't forget to press the bell icon as well. Today we're going to talk about Neuriva supplement, a product by a well-established supplement brand, Shift Vitamins. We're going to look at the benefits, side effects, recommend and delete dosage, and at the end of the video, we're going to tell you if we recommend this product or not. So, if you're ready, let's just begin. Now, Neuriva is marketed as a supplement that caters to brain health. It claims to rely entirely on two ingredients for aiding neuronal well-being and supports the potential to improve learning and focus. Now, according to manufacturers, the product uses only clinically verified, decaffeinated and sans GMO ingredients to support mental performance. Now, they offer two stacks, Neuriva Original that we reviewed and Neuriva Plus that is very much the same with some added vitamins. Shift Vitamins claims that their product helps users in the five areas of focus, memory, learning, accuracy, and concentration. Now, these are all pretty standard claims as far as Neutropics go, so the next step up would be to take a closer look at the ingredients list. Now, when people search for potent Neutropic supplements, there are some common names that come to mind, such as Resveratrol, Bacopa Monieri, Radiolar Resea, Lounge Main Mushroom, and Simnir. In the case of Neuriva Brain Supplement, however, none of these are to be seen. Instead, the only two ingredients that make an appearance on the label are Coffee Fruit Extract and First Fab to the Surin. It's no wonder, then, that we have our reservations regarding the potency of this brain supplement. Either these two ingredients are extremely powerful in the areas of cognitive enhancement, or we have an over-high product with no credible source to support it. So, where does Neuriva fall on the scale? Let's find out. The first ingredient is Coffee Fruit Extract, and this is ambiguous enough to start with. First off, this is a relatively new ingredient that lacks research on healthy individuals. The closest thing that comes to research regarding Coffee Fruit Extract is a salt study done on whole Coffee Fruit Extract. Now, this is in no way the same thing as Coffee Fruit Extract. So, after checking different studies, we know that while using whole Coffee Fruit Extract for brain benefits may be the right thing to do in a Neutropic stack, using something called Coffee Fruit Extract misses the whole point. Coffee Fruit Extract simply implies it is extracted from the Coffee Fruit, but what does that exactly mean? So, based on our studies, we lack positive benefits of a Coffee Fruit Extract, so we are not sure if this ingredient provides any kind of benefits whatsoever. The second ingredient, Phosphatile Tidal Serine, is closer to the mark of qualifying as a Neutropic. This is a phospholipid found naturally in the brain where it helps support healthy brain cell generation. Another function of this important phospholipid is acting as a cell signer where it helps with apoptosis. Phosphatile Tidal Serine allows decline as a person ages, so supplementing can help with that. Adding in 100 mg as it says on the Noreva label will give brain cells the boost they need. However, it's hard for this compound to do all the work on its own and stacking it with other effective Neutropics may yield bad results from maximum cognition. All said and done, it makes us wonder why this wasn't listed as the first of two ingredients. At least it can be linked to some brain boosting functions, whereas Coffee Fruit Extract means virtually nothing. Now, we realize that most pot and stacks will go much further than a two-ingredient formula, and that's why we're having a lot of trouble finding any credibility to the claims that the company makes about Noreva supplement. And if the thin number of ingredients isn't enough to get us wondering, one of the two ingredients has no scientific evidence whatsoever to back it up, and this makes everything very untrustworthy. By the way, guys, if you like this video, please press the like button below. Besides the main two ingredients, the label also lists a number of other ingredients, which are basically fillers in the formula. This includes rice brain, soy lecithin, silicon dioxide, and others. And usually, high-quality supplements contain no fillers or a very low amount of fillers in their supplement, so it's very strange that Noreva supplement contains so many, and it's another reason why we're not such big fans of this formula. Now, how about the side effects? As for Noreva side effects, there don't seem to be any. We think that this is because the formula is seriously underdosed and does not have the potency to do much to affect cognitive functioning. On a side note, Noreva does contain soy and rice, which may be detrimental for people with allergenic or sensitive to these ingredients.  How about the daily dosage? According to the official website, adults 18 years and older should take only one capsule a day before bedtime for better results. Now, based on our experience, this is far from enough to get any benefits from this formula. By the way, guys, we have reviewed seven hidden secrets about entropics that no one else will tell you. To get them, download our free handbook below. So the final question is, does Noreva work and do we recommend it? Well, if there are any benefits and we're not confirming that there are any, then you can expect phosphatility to do most of the heavy lifting in this entropic. Adding 100mg of therapeutic dose of this compound can yield some degree of benefit when it comes to memory and focus, but it doesn't match up to an actual entropic stack. People using Noreva may experience minor increase in cognition after taking it for some time, but it won't be anything close to what a full spectrum entropic supplement can do for you. We hold the opinion that there are far superior brain supplements available on the market right now and you will be better off looking at some other options instead of using Noreva. To check them out, click on the link in the description below. Alright guys, that's it for this video. Thank you for watching. Don't forget to subscribe to this channel, follow your inception on Facebook and Instagram. Please press the like button and we hope to see you soon again. Take care.


Hello, this e-lecture introduces you to the central topics of clinical linguistics, that is, to the application of linguistic science to the study of language disability in all its forms. As a starting point, we will use the classification based on the framework provided by the communication chain in which three different kinds of abnormal language behavior can be identified. The auditory level can be associated with the so-called reception disabilities. The articulatory level can be associated with production disabilities and the central disabilities can be associated with the brain as the mediator between speaking and hearing. The major goals of clinical linguistics are to identify linguistic problems and describe them systematically in order to provide a classification of the linguistic behavior of a patient as part of the process of differential diagnosis. The role of clinical linguistics as an applied linguistic discipline can be summarized under five different headings. One of them is clarification. Clinical linguistics clarifies and classifies the various types of disability. Another is description. A major area of clinical linguistic research has been to provide ways of describing and analyzing the linguistic behavior of patients, of clinicians and others who interact with them. Diagnosis is another term, a language disability which is characterized explicitly with reference to its linguistic parameters can provide more adequate diagnostic models. An assessment based on clinical linguistic insights tells us more precisely how serious the diagnosis is. The ultimate goal of clinical linguistics is intervention, that is to formulate hypotheses for the remediation of abnormal linguistic behavior, thus making judgments about what to teach next and to monitor the outcome of an intervention hypothesis as treatment proceeds. Let us now look at the central types of abnormal language behavior and let's start with the reception disabilities. Disorders of language which interfere with the process of phonetic decoding are called reception disabilities. One of the most important disabilities is called deafness and it can be categorized broadly into two types. Conductive deafness occurs as a result of a pathological condition either in the outer ear or in the middle ear, so here we have the two sources for conductive deafness where the transmission of the sounds to the inner ear is somehow distorted. On the other hand we have sensory neural deafness which results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, so here we have the inner ear related to sensory neural deafness. That is the hair cells, the organ of corti which you find here in an enlarged format. The nerve pathways to the brain, notably the auditory nerve or the area of the brain that receives sound information. Sensory neural deafness is further divided into two types, sensory or cochlear deafness resulting from the cochlear which is due to inner ear damage and the much rarer neural deafness which is due to nerve disease, typically a tumor. Deaf patients have difficulties constructing sentences grammatically even in writing. For instance they often have problems with articles, with tenses, with agreement, with prepositions and so on and so forth. Moreover their sentence structure is extremely restrictive. Let's now move on to the central disabilities, disorders of language which originate in the central nervous system are called central disabilities. There are central disabilities where the linguistic problems appear to be the result of organic pathology in specific centers of the brain. This disorder is referred to as aphasia, a disorder where language is the primary or the only aspect of behavior affected. This category which should be distinguished from other neurological problems such as dysartria or dyspraxia where dysartria for example is a phenomenon where the tongue would be quite mobile although it is not necessarily under control and dyspraxia is a phenomenon where a patient might have considerable difficulty in moving his tongue around his mouth. So from these two aphasia should be distinguished. Let us now concentrate on aphasia and look at it in more detail. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by brain damage and it is characterized by complete or partial impairment of language comprehension, language formulation and use. There are several types of aphasia according to the location of the brain damage. Here are the most common types. One of them is referred to as Broca's aphasia. It goes back to the French physiologist Paul Broca and it is associated with a lesion in the frontal part of the human brain. The second type is referred to as Wernicke's aphasia named after the German physiologist Karl Wernicke and it is associated with lesions in the posterior part of the brain, Wernicke's aphasia. Depending on the area and the extent of the damage someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak but not to write or vice versa, understand more complex sentences than he or she can produce or display any of a wide variety of other deficiencies in reading, writing and comprehension. Broca's aphasia is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce complete sentence structures in speech and writing. Although the individual may retain the use of nouns and verbs, pronouns, articles, conjunctions, prepositions, etc., might have been lost in all their forms. Broca's aphasics struggle to speak fluently. They hardly produce more than one word at a time but they show signs of enormous effort. Thus Broca's aphasia is characterized as non-fluent aphasia. Interestingly, comprehension is only slightly impaired but patients are often limited as far as writing is concerned. Live names for Broca's aphasia are expressive or motor aphasia or if you focus on the linguistically reduced grammar, a-grammatism. Wernicke's aphasia is a type of aphasia where patients have a lesion in Wernicke's region in the posterior part of the brain and they have extreme difficulty understanding speech produced as well as selecting phonemes or entire words with which to express their own meaning, producing errors known such as paraphasias, that is, the addition, the omission or the change of phonemes in position. The more such phonemic paraphasias accumulate in a word, the harder it is to understand to the extent that the intended word may become unidentifiable. Wernicke's aphasia speaks extremely fluently. Wernicke's aphasia is thus also known as fluent aphasia, however, speech is far from normal. Sentences do not hang together and irrelevant words intrude sometimes to the point of jargon. Alternative names for Wernicke's aphasia are fluent or sensory aphasia or if you consider the grammatical properties of speech output as paramatism. Let's now move on with the production disabilities. Under this heading, the range of disorders which interfere with the process of phonetic encoding, that is, speech production, will be introduced. There are three types of interference. One of them is referred to as disorder of fluency, that is, an interference with the sequencing of linguistic units in connected speech. Disorders of voice describe the phonetic interference with the source of phonation which will carry the linguistic message. And disorders of articulation, well, here we discuss the interference with the phonetic realization of the abstract units that constitute the linguistic system. Let us now look at these production disabilities in more detail and start with disorders of fluency. Disorders of fluency refer to specific disturbances in the rhythm and timing of speech. And not to such notions as vocabulary size. The main non-fluency syndrome is referred to as stuttering. Stuttering is a deep-rooted neurological problem affecting that part of the brain which controls the timing and sequencing of speech patterns. The degree of stuttering depends on the individuals and the situations. Six main types of stuttering can be classified respecting those who suffer from stuttering. I won't imitate them in the following. One of them is referred to as repetition. Now here you see that a person might have difficulty moving from the labiovila approximate at the beginning of where are you going to the remaining sounds in the first word where and simply repeats the labiovila approximate several times. In phenomena of sound prolongation, let's write down prolongation here, a fricative such as sir might be prolonged for a certain time before the remaining phonemes, the remaining sounds of course in a word can be retrieved. Well at the phenomenon of interjection is also well known. In response to the anticipated difficulty several interjections are produced until the word at can be produced. Well other phenomena are referred to as blocking where the airflow is obstructed resulting in a pause, erratic stress patterns resulting in strange intonation patterns and circumlocution behaviors where particular sounds are avoided. All these are types of the stuttering syndrome. Another production disability is referred to as the disorder of voice. Now voice disorders are subdivided into two types. One is referred to as disorder of phonation. It arises when something interferes with the normal functioning of the larynx so that instead of the expected range of vocal effects in pitch, the voicing of consonants and vowels and so on, noticeable distortions may occur such as hoarseness or excessive breathiness. A disorder of resonance arises when something interferes with the functioning of the adjoining cavities both beneath the glottis so down here and above so that abnormal sound effects are added to the voice quality as a whole as in excessive nasal voice for example. There are some main auditory effects likely to produce by these lesions or states. These effects can be grouped into abnormalities of pitch abnormalities of loudness and abnormalities of timbre. Finally, disorders of articulation constitute the most numerous of all speech disorders and this is the traditional center of the speech pathologist's inquiry. However, the notion of an articulation disorder is a very wide-ranging one. Several types of disorder can be distinguished, though no one knows how many there are. Here are just a few examples of an articulation disorder. And we can use the same text to illustrate these disorders. One of them, for example, can be referred to as substitution where certain phonemes with their alophones are replaced by others. So here, for example, we have the case that the alveolar approximate and the alveolar lateral consonant are replaced by a labial velar approximate. Well, and the result would then be something like whenever we were speaking about whizzy and woza somebody came up with a wobbly story about a little wabbit and how whizzy and woza tweeted this cuddly sweet animal. Another effect is referred to as distortion where the most well-known example is lisping. Now here we make an attempt at a correct sound, but the result is pretty poor. And in lisping, the alveolar fricatives, s and z, are replaced by their dental counterparts and the result will be whenever we were speaking about whizzy and woza, somebody came up with a lovely story about a little wabbit and how whizzy and woza treated this cuddly sweet animal. Well, other examples are omission and addition, for example, where particular sounds are emitted for a word and did additions where sounds or sound clusters are inserted into a word. Just listen to this example of addition. Whenever we were speaking about whizzy and woza, somebody came up with a lovely story about a little wabbit and how whizzy and woza treated this cuddly sweet animal. Okay, so that's it for now. I hope I could provide you with an overview of clinical linguistics, the application of the linguistic sciences to the study of language disability. We could not cover all details of this fascinating branch of applied linguistics, though. For further information, I recommend my e-lectures on neuro-linguistic speech perception or the auditory system to name a few. Nevertheless, I hope that to most of you, this overview was informative enough as a starting point. Thank you very much for your attention.


A very good evening aspirants, I welcome you all to the daily Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankarayesh academy for the date of 20th June 2023. Displayed here are the list of articles that we are going to discuss today. Now, without wasting any time, let us get into our discussion. Look at this article. The crux of this article is that India's defense minister Rajnath Singh questioned the controversy surrounding the implementation of uniform civil code. He pointed out that uniform civil code is a part of directive principles of state policy laid down in the Indian constitution. In this context, let us learn about the uniform civil code in India. See, uniform civil code aims to have one law that applies to everyone in the country regardless of their religion or community in matters like property, marriage, inheritance and adoption. So, basically, uniform civil code calls for the formulation of one law for India regarding civil cases. Now, what does the constitution say about uniform civil code? Article 44 of the Indian constitution directs the government to work towards uniform civil code for all citizens in India. However, it is important to note that this is a guideline and not a mandatory law. Now, you may wonder why the Muslim bodies are opposing it. So, let us see the arguments against uniform civil code. See, they argue that uniform civil code infringes upon the freedom of religion which allows the communities to follow their own personal laws. We know that Article 25 gives all persons the right to freely practice, profess and propagate religion. They also argue that religious groups should have the right to manage their own affairs and preserve their distinct culture. Also, concerns have been raised that uniform civil code might impose Hindu customs on other communities. This would create a bias in favor of one religion. Besides this, some also question the practicality of implementing a uniform law for diverse personal matters. They argue that if other civil and criminal laws can vary across states, why personal laws should be uniform? In simple words, civil laws and criminal laws like CRPC and IPC do not follow one nation, one law rule. Additionally, it is argued that the framers of constitution did not make a uniform civil code of fundamental right. They left the power to legislate personal laws with both the parliament and state assemblies. That is, personal laws were placed in the concurrent list entry number five. If the framers of the constitution wanted uniformity in personal laws, they would have put them on a union list so that parliament can legislate on them. Then, which states have uniform civil code in India? Know that Goa is the only state in the country that currently has a uniform civil code. However, it was implemented by the Portuguese in 1867 itself. Finally, you should also note that Supreme Court has expressed support for a uniform civil code in various judgments, including the famous Shah Bhanu case. In this judgment of 1985, a divorced Muslim woman demanded maintenance from her former husband. The apex court, while deciding whether to give prevalence to the CRPC or the Muslim personal law, called for the implementation of the uniform civil code. That's all regarding this topic. Now, let us move on to our next article. Take a look at this news article. See, yesterday, the Congress party has announced three candidates for Karnataka Legislative Council by elections, which is going to be held on June 30. Earlier, three members had resumed Karnataka Legislative Council seat to contest in the Karnataka Assembly election because of these three Legislative Council seats of Karnataka fell vacant. So, now the by-election is going to be held for those three seats on June 30. This is all about the news article given here. Now, in this context, let us learn some exam related points about state legislative councils. See, our founding fathers of the Constitution have adopted a bicameral legislature at central level. Here, bicameral legislature refers to the legislature that comprises of two houses. In India, we have two houses at central legislature. That is at the parliament. The two houses include Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. See, the concept of bicameral legislature does not stop at the central level. Whereas, the concept of bicameral legislature is also practiced in some six states of India. Those six states include Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana. Except these six states, all other states have a unique camera legislature. That is, there is only one house at the state legislature of other states. As we saw earlier, the bicameral legislature at the central level consists of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Similar to that, bicameral legislature at the state level consists of the Vidhan Sabha and the Vidhan Parishad. Here, Vidhan Sabha refers to the state legislative assembly, which is similar to that of Lok Sabha. Then Vidhan Parishad refers to state legislative council, which is similar to that of Rajya Sabha. Having understood the basics, now let us see how the legislative councils are created or abolished. See, the Constitution of India under Article 169 provides for the abolition or creation of legislative councils in states. The Article 169 says that the parliament has the power to abolish or create a legislative council by law. Does the parliament itself can create or abolish the legislative council? Actually, no. See, the creation or abolition of legislative council in the state can happen only if the legislative assembly of the concerned state passes a resolution for the creation or abolition of council. And the resolution must be passed by the state assembly by a special majority. Here, special majority refers to a majority of total membership of the assembly and the majority of not less than two-thirds of members of the assembly present and voting. After the state assembly passes a resolution for the creation or abolition of the legislative council by a special majority, the parliament will pass an act to amend the constitution. So, once the act is passed by the parliament and if it receives the president's assent, then the state legislative council is established or abolished in a state. Note that as per Article 169, Class III, the act of parliament to create or abolish legislative council in a state is not to be deemed as an amendment of the constitution under Article 368. Rather, the act passed is like an ordinary legislation with simple majority. Remember, the parliament can initiate the act to create or abolish legislative council only if the state legislature passes a resolution by a special majority. Also note that it is not mandatory to the parliament to act upon the resolution of the state legislature to create or abolish legislative council. And it is up to the parliament to either approve or disapprove such a resolution or not to take any action on it. This is how the state legislative council are created or abolished. Now we will look at the composition of the legislative council. The composition is provided under Article 171, Class I of the Indian constitution. As per the article, the maximum strength of the state legislative council is fixed at one third of the total strength of the assembly and the minimum strength is fixed at 40. For example, if the particular state has 300 assembly seats, then the strength of legislative council of the state is fixed at 100. Now let us take another example. Let us assume that one state has 90 assembly seats. If we apply the one third criteria here, the legislative council would have 30 seats. It is very minimal, right? So here is where the minimal rule applies. That is for such states, the minimum strength of legislative council is fixed at 40. So from this we can say that the size of the legislative council depends on the size of the assembly of the concerned state. See these criteria have been set up to ensure predominance of directly elected state legislative assembly in the legislative affairs of the state. Note an important point here, although the constitution has fixed the maximum and the minimum limits, the actual strength of a legislative council is fixed by the parliament. This is all about the composition. Now we will look at the election process. As we all know, the members of the state legislative assemblies are elected directly by the people. But if we take the legislative council, the members are indirectly elected in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The tenure of the legislative council members is fixed at six years. Note that the state legislative council is a permanent body. This means that the council won't be dissolved on the completion of five years as like legislative assemblies. But note that one third of the members of the council retired on the expiration of every second year. And these vacant seats are filled by fresh elections and nominations by governor at the beginning of every third year. With this, let us see how the members of legislative council are elected. See one third of the MLCs are elected by the members of the legislative assemblies of the state. The next one third of the MLCs are elected by the electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards, and other local authorities in the state. Then one-twelfth of the MLCs are elected by an electorate consisting of teachers. Then the other one-twelfth of the MLCs are elected by the registered graduates. And the balance one-sixth of the MLCs are nominated by the governor from among those who have distinguished themselves in literature, science, art, the cooperative movement, and social service. So from this, we can say that five by six of the total members of legislative council are indirectly elected. And one-sixth are nominated by the governor. See, this is the scheme of composition of a legislative council which is laid down in the constitution. Note that the scheme is tentative and not final. This is because the parliament is authorized to modify or replace the scheme of composition and election manner. That's all. So in this discussion, we have seen what is bicameral legislature and how it is applied to both center and states. Next we have seen how we can create or abolish a state legislative council. Then we saw about the minimum and maximum strength of the state legislative council. And finally, we have also seen about the election process of the legislative council. That's all regarding this topic. Now let us move on to our next article. Look at this news article. It says that India has gifted INS Kripant to Vietnam to enhance its naval capabilities. In this context, let us learn about INS Kripant. See, it's a missile code that was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 12th January 1991. The ship weighs 1400 tons and it is 91 meters long and 11 meters wide. It can travel at a speed of over 25 knots. It is the third kukri class missile covert. Before continuing the discussion, let me tell you what is a covert? See, covets are small warships with light arms. They are highly maneuverable and well suited for operations in smaller areas and coastal areas. Covets often serve roles such as coastal patrol, escort duties and maritime security. They are cost effective and they have relatively lower firepower when compared to frigates and destroyers. Know that frigates are medium sized warship weighing over 3000 tons. They are larger than covets and offer increased capabilities. And we also have destroyers which are even larger and more heavily armed than frigates. Just know this basic difference. Now coming back, know that Kirpan has a crew of 10 officers and 110 sailors who operate and manage the ship. It is equipped with a medium range gun, 30 mm close range guns, chaff launchers and surface to surface missiles. These weapons allow the ship to perform various important roles like coastal and offshore patrol, coastal security, surface warfare, anti piracy operations and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. Also know that the name Kirpan comes from the traditional weapon used by Sikh warriors. The ship's crest which is like a logo shows a Kirpan which is a sword on the top of a shield typically associated with Sikhs. That's all regarding this topic. Now let us move on to our next article. Take a look at this editorial article. It talks about the progress made by India in infrastructure so far. And it tries to highlight why India should strengthen its ties with US even though the article expresses personal opinion of the author. The article itself is written by an IAS officer. So we can make a brief note of the important points mentioned in this news article. Now we shall get into the article. But before that, the syllabus. As we all know, India is a rapidly developing country. For example, India took 63 years to reach $1 trillion GDP and seven years to hit $2 trillion and three years to hit $3 trillion and it is estimated to reach $25 trillion by 2047 which is 100 years after the independence. India will also have 1 billion working population by 2030. Today, India have around 45% of the world GDP and it will raise in future. Despite such progress, India still lacks the capital and technology that US has. So here, the author says that when US need India's market and India need US capital and technology, it's no wrong to strengthen the ties between the two and work together for the mutual growth. Now we shall quickly go through the progress made by India so far. See firstly, the author mentions about the Prakati platform. Prakati is expanded as proactive governance and timely implementation. It is an interactive and integrated platform chiefly for addressing the grievances of the common man while at the same time monitoring government projects and programs. The platform was designed by the PMO in coordination with the National Informatics Center. Remember, it was launched in 2015 and it is a three-tier system which consists of PMO, union government secretaries and chief secretaries of the state. The platform combines three technologies, namely digital data management, video conferencing and geospatial technology. In simple words, by bringing together the secretaries of the government of India and the chief secretaries of the state in one stage, the platform tries to address the grievances of a common man and have a proactive governance. Since the platform makes official issue long pending government orders or clearances, it generally positively smoothens the system to debottleneck infrastructure. Secondly, the author talks about Gati Shakti. See, Gati Shakti is also a digital platform which brings together 16 ministries including railways and roadways together for integrated planning and coordinated implementation of intra-structure connectivity projects. See, we all would have seen a freshly laid road is then dug to lay underground pipeline to lay optical fiber cables for cellular mobile. Such things happen due to lack of coordination among departments. Such issues are addressed by Gati Shakti platform. Being a geospatial information systems, it can also prevent unnecessary and random cutting of roads and forest which saves time and resources. Third one is public finance management system. See, public finance management system is a web-based online software application developed and implemented by the office of controller general of accounts. Its main objective is to track funds released under all planned schemes of government of India and real-time reporting of expenditure at all levels of program implementation. In simple words, public finance management system only enables direct benefit transfer under any scheme by integrating different platforms with banks. Being a centralized core database, public finance management system has reduced the time and enhanced efficiency of the government. Likewise, impressive progress has also been made on road construction across India. For example, the Parivahan Seva platform. This platform offers citizen-centric services related to vehicle registration, driving license, manufacturer-related services, et cetera. It has enabled leakage proof revenue collection for the transportation sector. Apart from this, for the first time, we have allowed private sector into commercial coal mining. With respect to oil exploration also, we expect 5 lakh square kilometers of land under exploration contracts by the end of 2023. So by quoting all these progresses, the author tries to say what's not there here in India. We have a proactive government and integrated departments facilitated ease of doing business and so on. There is plenty of opportunity to invest in India. All we need is capital and technology innovation. In order to invite them to India, India should give up its non-alignment hangups of the past and measure each situation on its merit and national interest. Apart from this, India has tacked to scale up digitalization of internal processes and better service delivery. India's tack is nothing but the collection of application peripheral interfaces launched by the government of India. We should also revive stalled agricultural reforms and build up supply chain capabilities to invite manufacturing to India. That's all. With this, let us move on to our next article. Look at this news article. It says that the UK has decided to withdraw duty-benefit scheme from its generalized scheme of preferences. So this may have an impact on exporters from labor-intensive sectors like leather and textiles. The UK is replacing the generalized scheme of preferences with a new developing countries trading scheme. That is DCTS. In this context, we'll see how the duty-benefit scheme under GSP works. A generalized system of preferences, that is, GSP is a preferential trade agreement extended by developed countries to developing countries. So under the GSP, developed countries provide special treatment to products that are exported from the developing countries. They do this by reducing or completely eliminating the import duties or taxes on those products. This means that when goods from eligible developing countries enter the market of these developed nations, they face lower or no taxes. This makes them more affordable and competitive. Let us take an example. Suppose India, a developing country, export textiles to the United States. Under the GSP, the United States may lower the import duties on these textile products. This will make them cheaper for American consumers. This gives Indian textile manufacturers a competitive advantage and boost their exports. This in turn supports the economy and create more job opportunities. Also, it's important to know that each country has its own rules for determining which products and countries are eligible for the duty-benefits. These preferences are designed to aid the specific industries and economies of the developing countries. So in essence, the duty-benefit under the GSP is a way for developed countries to help the developing nations. This is done by reducing the import duties on their products. It aims to promote economic growth, increase trade opportunities and support the industries in developing countries. Now the UK is replacing the GSP with a new developing countries trade agreement scheme. It means that previous duty-benefits enjoyed by Indian exporters, especially in labor-intensive sectors like leather and textiles may no longer apply. This change could have significant implications for the Indian exporters in these sectors. Also, the withdrawal of GSP concessions by the UK means that Indian products such as textile items, leather goods, carpets, iron and steel goods and chemicals may face higher import duties when entering the UK market. This can make the Indian goods more expensive and less competitive than before. That's all regarding this topic. Now let us move on to our next article. We know about the ethnic violence in Manipur, right? This news article says that President's rule is the only way to bring the situation under the control. So in this news article discussion, let us quickly go through President's rule. See, Article 355 imposes a duty on the centre to ensure that the government of every state is carried in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. So in case of failure of constitutional missionary in a state, the centre takes over the government of a state under Article 356. This is popularly known as the President's rule. It is also known as state emergency or constitutional emergency. The President's rule can be proclaimed under Article 356 on two grounds. One mentioned in Article 356 itself and another in Article 365. Article 356 empowers the President to issue a proclamation if he or she is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The President can act either on a report of the governor of the state or other ways too. That is even without the governor's report. Article 365 says that whenever a state fails to comply with or to give effect to any direction from centre, it will be lawful for the President to hold that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. Also, a proclamation imposing President's rule must be approved by both the houses of parliament within two months from the date of its issue. If approved by both houses of parliament, the President's rule continues for six months. It can be extended for a maximum period of three years with the approval of parliament every six months. Every resolution approving the proclamation of President's rule or its continuation can be passed by either house of the parliament only by a simple majority. That is a majority of the members of the House present and voting. And the President acquires following extraordinary powers when the President's rule is imposed in a state. Firstly, he or she can take up the functions of the state government and powers vested in the governor or any other executive authority in the state. Then he or she can declare that powers of the state legislature are to be exercised by the parliament. Then the President can take all other necessary steps including the suspension of the constitutional provisions relating to anybody or authority in the state. Therefore, when President's rule is imposed in a state, the President dismisses the State Council of Minister headed by the Chief Minister. The state governor on behalf of the President carries on the state administration with the help of Chief Secretary of the state or the advisors appointed by the President. This is the reason why a proclamation under Article 356 is popularly known as the imposition of President's rule in a state. That's all. So in this part of discussion, we have seen what is a President's rule and what are the grounds on which the President's rule can be proclaimed and finally about the extraordinary powers that are vested with President when the state emergency is proclaimed. With this, let us move on to our next part of discussion that is Prillim's practice question discussion. Today, we'll be having four questions. I will solve three of them and one question will be a quiz question. Now let us take up our first question. This is a statement based question on GSP, that is Generalized System of Preferences. Statement one says that GSP withdrawal by developed countries can negatively impact the Indian exports. Yes, this statement is correct. Statement two says that with GSP withdrawal, goods from developing countries will no longer receive reduced import duties when entering the markets of developed countries. This statement is also correct. Also, statement two explains statement one. When you put because at the end of statement one or you can try adding so at the end of statement two and read statement one, let us try it here. With GSP withdrawal, goods from developing countries will no longer receive reduced import duties when entering the markets of developed countries. So GSP withdrawal by developed countries can negatively impact Indian export. It makes perfect sense, right? So this means that statement two explains statement one. So the correct answer here is option A. Now let us move on to our next question. Here, three conditions are given and we have to find which among them are not necessarily the consequence of the proclamation of president's rule in the state. The correct answer here is only two. Statement one, that is dissolution of state legislative assembly and the dissolution of local bodies are not necessarily the consequences of the proclamation of the president's rule in the state. So the correct answer here is option B, only two. With this, let us move on to our next question. This is a statement based question about uniform civil code. First statement says that article 44 of the Indian constitution provides for uniform civil code. This particular statement is correct. Statement two says that existing personal laws in India have been criticized for perpetuating gender-based discrimination. This statement is also correct. But the problem here is that the statement two does not explain statement one in any manner. So the correct answer here is option B. Both the statement one and two are correct and statement two is not the correct explanation for statement one. And this is the quiz question of the day. Think well and post the correct answer in the comment section. If you want to know the correct answer, go to a community tab and check out our first comment that is pinned. These are your main practice questions for the day. Interested aspirants can write the answer and post them on comment section as well. With this, we have come to the end of our discussion. You can share your thoughts in comment section. If you found this video useful, hit the like button, share it with fellow aspirants and don't forget to subscribe Shankaray's Academy's YouTube channel for more UPS related content. Thanks for listening patiently. Have a nice day.


We are on the countdown now to Pokemon Day and in the run up to it, we have got a new mystery gift that dropped earlier today. We're going to cover all the details for you in today's video. But before we get into the video, please subscribe to the channel. Remember you can always unsubscribe later if you'd like to. So we've got another mystery gift that has dropped in conjunction with TPC in Japan and their after school club content that they put out every couple of weeks. So it seems like there is a pattern here every time they do an episode. They're going to have a mystery gift to go along with it. So every couple of weeks, we'll be able to do a new update. And today's one is no different. So if we hop over into game, it's actually quite a useful mystery gift here. So if we come down to our poker portal, and once you're in here, you know the drill, but if you're new and you haven't done these before, you want to come down in your poker portal to mystery gifts and then get with code or password. And like always, I'll put the code on the screen for you so you can copy it into your game. Code is more speed. So M zero R E S P W D. And that is the code for today's mystery gift. And it will verify and do all of its stuff. And then you will get sent the gift. And this is for 10 cobbles. So this is going to be roughly worth about 100 K poker dollars. So it's a pretty good gift to get helps out, especially when you're EV training for raids and things like that in particular, or just competitive playing general. Or if you want to just sell them, then you can get some extra poker dollars in game and you can do whatever you want with them. So a really good mystery gift, like I say, this one is running until the 31st of March. We got plenty of time to take advantage of this in your games and make sure that you do pick it up while you can. And also, while we are on the topic of mystery gifts, if you haven't already received your special flying territory Pikachu that you get for buying the games early, then you should pick it up now. You've only got a few days left to actually access this mystery gift. We covered it on the channel as soon as the game did drop. But this mystery gift will be ending on the 28th of February. So after that day next Tuesday, you won't be able to get this mystery gift Pokemon in your copy of Skull and Violet. So do try and grab that while you can. If you're watching this video as it's going up, then you'll have plenty of time to grab it if you haven't already. But that is everything for today's video. Nice, short and sweet. But as soon as we do get any more mystery gifts or any more Pokemon news, then we will be covering it here on the channel. I'm sorry that the upload for this one is a little bit late. This dropped earlier this morning. I've been at work all day. So this is the first chance I'm getting now since I've come home to upload it. But we do have the Pikachu Territory event kicking off later today. So I will be covering that on the channel. We've got some goodies to show you for some more builds going into that one. So looking forward to that. Thank you so much for tuning in. If you found today's video useful, please drop a like. Do subscribe to the channel to keep up to date with everything, Skull and Violet, and I'll see you all in another video very soon. So until then, friends, take care of yourselves and bye-bye.