distro reviews are some of the most popular videos on my channel and that's true for a lot of Linux youtubers No matter their size a lot of Linux youtubers thrive on making Linux distro reviews And there's nothing wrong with that, but the problem is is that the way? We as a Linux YouTube community have decided to do Linux distro reviews is Not good and like I said, I'm not pointing fingers at anyone because I've done this as well Many of the first looks on my channel follow a specific format that the vast majority of Linux youtubers also follow You know we install the distro usually or almost exclusively in a virtual machine And then once the distro has installed will reboot the virtual machine get into the distro We'll walk you through what the distro looks like and then we'll walk you through The applications that are installed by default and then we give an opinion on it It's not good now the reason why it's not good is because you can't tell Anything or at least very few things about a distro by a and song and a virtual machine But also by spending like 20 minutes with it Like you can't I mean very rarely can you tell how good or bad a distribution is by spending 20 minutes with it Now obviously there are some exemptions like if the thing won't boot in past grub or something like that Then you can make an opinion like oh this thing is broken But past that if it's everything seems to be working your opinion based on 20 minutes Isn't going to be that well-formed you've only spent 20 minutes with a thing You can't have possibly made up your mind on how good or bad a distro is based on that amount of time And if you have made up your mind well, I mean you probably have some More preconceived notions over the distro than you probably expect so this whole idea That you can review a Distribution in a virtual machine in the course of 20 or 30 minutes is just it's farcical It's not a good thing and it's not a good way of going about doing things and like I said I'm not pointing fingers at anybody because I've done this exact same thing It is a very easy proposition to sit down in front of your computer go to distro watch find a Distro that no one's ever heard of before create a series called WTF and then make a Video in a half an hour or so going through that Outline that I just said it's very easy to do that These are very easy videos to make and usually very easy videos to edit and They do very well on YouTube. They Get a lot of views some of my Videos that are distro reviews that follow that format have gotten tens of thousands of views and Like I said people seem to be okay with it for the most part They click on these things like crazy and they seem to just watch them but as a youtuber as someone who's trying to Elevate the content on YouTube just a little bit. I have tried over the last Four or five months or so to ease myself away from distro reviews in that manner I've tried to do only long-term reviews or At least reviews that take longer than 20 minutes So for example, my last one was the Ubuntu review. I used that for two weeks Now that's not long-term or anything, but I installed it on hardware Multiple times I used it for two weeks and then I gave a review of it And I think that this is a better way of doing things It's just something it allows you to actually Have a sense of how good or bad a distro is if you've actually used it on hardware or even better a variety of hardware And you can give the people who are watching that video a sense of how good that distro is or how bad it is Or what problems there are chances are if you just use a distro in a VM for 20 or 30 minutes You haven't experienced the problems that you would experience if you've used it for you two weeks or three weeks Or a month or whatever so for me personally I've decided that there are going to be no Distro reviews on heat on this channel that follow that format any longer It's just not really anything that I'm interested for multiple reasons. I don't think that they're good Which is the biggest reason but also I'm just bored of them. I'm bored of watching them I'm bored of recording them. They're they're they're just not fun for me to make anymore They're easy Like I said, it's really easy to sit down and do these things because they all follow the same format or whatever And it's just popping them out You know, you could pop out three or four a week if you wanted to and and have yourself a really good youtube channel That probably gets gets lots of views and lots of subscribers But for me personally, I like making videos that I enjoy that take a little bit of effort You know, I joke all the time that I'm a lazy person and I think I am a lazy person But I would much rather put some effort into making a true review Then pop out these, you know, very simple VM based distro first looks that I've posted many times in the past. So Overall, I would Just kind of like to address the linux youtube community I understand where you're coming from when it you know making these videos as I've said They're very popular and there's a reason why when a buntu does a new release Every single linux youtuber out there releases a review that exact day And you know, I'm not going to say that those guys have never haven't used Ubuntu or whatever it is for you know a few days or something like that because some of them probably have But you can also tell the people who've only spent 20 or 30 minutes or whatever And especially the people who are trying to just kind of make it as fast as possible in order to get That video out so that it gets all the clicks that you'd get on release day You know you can tell all these things and it just it lowers the quality of The content that you're making at least in my opinion it just does And it shows a lack of effort and like I said, I'm not saying that that's a bad thing I do lack of effort videos all the time like Half of my videos at least are lack of effort videos And like I said, also I've done these videos in the past. So I understand But I just implore people to start thinking about the content that they're creating and maybe put a little bit more effort into it If you can simply because it does make a difference It will show not only That you're doing a good job and putting effort into something But it also gives a better idea for people who are actually clicking on these videos of what the distro is all about Is it good? Does it have flaws? You know, what's your actual experience with it because you know spending some actual time in the distro will do Not only use them good, but the people who are watching your videos, which is the whole point of it You want to give those the audience the Best overview of what that distro is about and make that video worth their time because at the end of the day times all we got and I don't really have any data to back this up But I would reckon that quite a few people who click on a video that says Ubuntu 22.10 review and it's just them installing Ubuntu and showing you what apps have been installed pre-installed and then saying Oh, this is really good You know, I would bet that a lot of people are pretty disappointed that they clicked on that video If they even made it past like the three minute mark So putting some effort into it and you know Doing an actual review. I think it is good for both the audience and the youtuber in the long run And that's my plan going forward So if you have thoughts on this, I know this was a little bit of inside baseball But it does impact the audience quite a bit on the linux youtube community. So If you have thoughts on this, you leave those in Comments in the comments section below. I'd love to hear from you. You can follow me on masted on our odyssey Those links will be in the video description You can support me on patreon at patreon.com slash the linux cash just like all these fine people Thanks to everybody who does support me on patreon and youtube you guys are all Absolutely amazing without you the channel should not be anywhere near where it is right now So thank you so very very much for your support.  Thanks everybody for watching. I'll see you next time


Can you tell us about the fundamental attribution error? Oh, well, actually I'll tell you about the history of the fundamental attribution error. Well, the term the fundamental attribution error has a kind of strange and interesting history and it's led to some confusion. I was doing work a very long time ago. It came when Dick Nisbet, who I know you've interviewed, had done a very important series of studies and written a paper with Ned Jones on actor-observer differences. And the hypothesis that I was pushing was that people are situationists for themselves to a much greater extent than they are. I know what situations I'm responding to. So I explain my own behavior in terms of situations. I explain other people's behavior in terms of their dispositions. And when he showed it to me, I said, well, that's really interesting, Dick. But the fundamental thing is that people overestimate the degree of cross-situational consistency and they make trait attributions in general when they shouldn't. And with absolutely no hesitation, Ross says, yeah, Dick, that's right, but you're missing the main point, which is that everybody for everything is too much of a dispositionist and too little focus on situation. Then in a later paper when I was discussing various kinds of errors and biases, in distinguishing my work from what I thought was the central message of social psychology, I had said, well, the fundamental error is the tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation. And what I meant by that was not that it was fundamental in the sense that it was irreducible. No, what I meant is it was an error in the most fundamental task that we attempt in life, which is to say, what does that situation tell me about the actor? What does that situation tell me about the observer? And the term fundamental attribution error referred to the fact that people characteristically make an error in that fundamental task. And then a while later he comes up with the name for that. It's a fundamental attribution error, and that's now become a staple of psychology. Now you read an editorial and someone said that guy made the fundamental attribution error. There are two concepts that people understand about that. Ecolomists, you can count on columnists to know a man from social psychology. One is fundamental attribution error, the other is cognitive dissonance. How can we reduce the effect of the fundamental attribution error? Well, I think there's a limit to how much you can do. I know that all day long I'm making the error. I mean, I know that in the abstract. So I think there is a limit. On the other hand, knowing we're subject to it. I mean, if I hear myself say, you know, he's a very hostile guy, I'm like, what exactly is the evidence for that? Well, he shouted at his kid at the picnic. I mean, how good is that evidence really? So if you have the concept clearly in mind, which you can do by giving people many, many examples, I think it takes many examples, many illustrations for everyday life, of the way that we can make those mistakes. Eventually it does pack down to the principle that we can sometimes recognize, we can sometimes see the error in ourselves. And you can also point to the consistency with which situations affect people. One thing that strikes me often is that, you know, I say you should see such and such a movie, people are saying it's great and people's initial reaction to that is, oh, well, you know, I'm me, I'm not those. Now listen, if it's getting a 92% on rotten tomatoes, you're going to like it, that's an end to it. Hey, you know, every now and then you're not, actually.  If it's getting a 34 on rotten tomatoes, unless you happen to have a real thing for the actress in that thing, then you're not going to like it. And I think people find it hard to accept that generalization, actually. But I've come, since I say that so often, to believe in really, I don't go to many movies that haven't been strongly recommended. And I've got a lot better hit rate than when I say, oh, that's the kind of movie I like. No, no, no, specifically how much people like that. Because there are some stimuli that are just very powerful and we make a mistake in assuming that we're not going to be one of those people. We way overestimate our own individuality and our own idiosyncrasy. But that isn't the fundamental failing that human beings have. The fundamental failing that really is much more basic is the tendency to assume that the way we see the world is the way the world really is. That other reasonable people should see it the same way and if they don't see it the same way, it's because there's something wrong with them. Some bias that's affecting them. It can be the propaganda to which they've been exposed. It can be some failing in their intelligence. It can be something about their education, but we readily think that when people disagree with us, it's because there's something wrong with them, not something wrong with us, or at least not something that's affecting both of us. That's making us simply disagree.


Perfect great that welcome. Where are you today? I am in Washington, DC Excellent just down the road No, I have all kinds of questions that I use to get people to introduce themselves The world of dance you for the year ahead 2020 what are the big things you're going to be working on and thinking about Okay, so I am going to be working with credential engine to Really increase credential transparency not only in the US, but also probably globally We'll start working on that this year but I think I probably need to unpack that and and say what I mean by credentials and transparency and so right so do that But before you do that before you do that, let me just ask you can do this all from DC or you're gonna be traveling a lot I'll be traveling Some maybe not a lot there's a lot going on right here in DC with the Department of Ed and commerce and national higher ed organizations So a lot of what I'm working on makes sense right here in DC, which is good Absolutely. Well, we're gonna be done remotely like this. So Well, that may be the 21st century. So so tell us what do you mean by credentials and what do you mean by transparency? Okay, so credentials I'm referring to all different types of credentials So most people think about degrees, but I'm referring to degrees diploma certificate certifications licensures badges and really any documentation from an authoritative source about a learning achievement and so that would include internships apprenticeships civilian and military and community training programs So that people have some form of documentation of what they've learned And increasingly that's digital digital credentials and we want those to be interoperable So these are not just academic, but they also include military Governmental as well as business and non-profit generative. Yep. This is the world of credentials. This is huge it is and Research that we completed last fall shows that there are currently about 738,000 credentials offered just in the US Wait, how many 738,000 Wow, and how many how many types of credentials is that? Well, that includes About 10 different categories that we do the analysis on In each category, there's a whole bunch of variety, right? Right. Wow, and so much variety that you know, most people Really can't understand how to navigate through this environment and yet people need to have multiple credentials because Their lives in their careers are rapidly changing and so they know they need documentation of their skills But it's really hard to understand what credentials are valuable and what they include and all of that so You know very good That tells us a lot on top of that you said transparency I if I've got my my diploma or if I've got my transcript that looks pretty clear to me What's the what's the transparency? We're missing looks pretty clear. It's like hanging on your wall, right? It's a real valuable there You go to put it, you know on your resume or in your LinkedIn profile You could say whatever the heck you want and it may or may not be accurate And it may or may not tell an employer or someone else what you what you actually know and can do right? So that's where new technologies can really help us so a credential engine. That's our mission credential transparency We're a nonprofit we've been founded by Education and government and quality assurance and business organizations coming together and saying Let's have a unified way of describing all different types of credentials and That's the credential transparency description language, which is it's a metadata language a schema for linked open data about all different types of credentials to Make them available as verified digital records But also to make this information about credentials available and linked to all different kinds of information on web I I have so many questions My gosh, and but let me just say first of all Everybody involved in this conversation. Your questions are the important ones. I would love to hear from you Yeah, at no at no time should you feel embarrassed if you have a really basic question believe me I've got a couple kindergarten level questions. I want to ask Please feel free to put them out there if you have examples if you'd like to ask how this can work This is your form and we'd love to hear from you. Let me let me just kick things out I just have a couple of questions along the way. You're describing a language. Is that so are you basically helping create a new standard language for Describing credentialing that's human and machine readable. Yes and for those in the audience it's it's Harmonized with schema org so if you think about the schema of how all different types of entities are represented on the web So that search engines can find them so that all different types of systems can make sense of the relationships between those data elements But this is a Schema.org tends to be very general and high-level because it's serving high-level use cases across the globe Credential engine is also designed that I'm sorry the credential transparency description language developed by credential engine is Also designed from the beginning to be global, but it supports much richer and more specific Credential and competency use cases with about 450 different terms That you used to describe not only the credentials But also the learning opportunities the competencies the assessments the quality assurance structures costs earnings outcomes Jurisdiction all of those different types of things are structured linked data in CTDL Wow, so including earnings. I mean, that's this is really extensive And because it no credential has to have all these fields filled in right they can only be right right the the required minimum data is pretty minimum because we want to get this to scale as quickly as possible and So we have an open freely available credential registry where any credential issuer can publish their credentials and so the minimum data for Publishing your credentials to the registry is pretty minimal But we encourage everyone to move up to the benchmark level, which is the the richer more complete Information that's going to make this data more valuable How many fields is the minimum of a benchmark? the minimum is Probably about ten fields. It's not very many and then the benchmark varies depending on the type of credential This sounds kind of just this is a straight observation. It reminds me a bit of Dublin core. Yes In fact, you are Sutton who is the genius of Dublin core is one of our key advisors Oh, excellent. Next. If you don't know Dublin core is a metadata standard everybody that is used in the library world And famous it's not named after Dublin Ireland, but after Dublin, Ohio, which is a little trivia detail That's always fun to have. I didn't know that that's great Dublin, Ohio is pretty cold today. We do have one question that just came in and this is from the awesome Julie You're on this and let me just publish this So that you can all see it so Julie asks I'm interested in the carrots and sticks that would be deployed to get institutions and educational partners to list There's 7,000 K credentials are the other than state partners. What's your roadmap for expanding? So I should probably first explain what Julie means by state partners A lot of our focus has been at the state level We're currently working with 16 states and the LA region With probably six or eight more states very interested in coming on board soon And what we're doing with work is working with state-level agencies who have Prudential transparency problems that they're trying to solve. So Julie, this is to your point about carrots, right? They have a problem. They need to solve it and CCDL can help one example of that type of problem is that states manage ETP L's education training provider lists that are eligible for federal funds from we owe a and In many cases at the state level those ETP L's don't have good data structures for communicating with educational data different kinds of training programs and And also regional needs, you know Like workforce development initiatives So we can work with them and even if the only thing they do is use CTDL to get some unified descriptions of their ETP L credentials That is a good example of a really valuable thing most states are going further than that and even publishing all of their publicly available Data about credentials to the credential to the credential registry at the state level So some of those same Some of those same problems are also true for systems. We're working with some university systems where They don't necessarily have the this is Sounds like a surprise, but it's not if you're working in those systems They don't always have uniform credential data across The the state university systems or maybe the you know, the universities and the community colleges Let alone training and certification and apprenticeship programs that are outside those higher ed institutions. So Some of the carrots are just better communication cost savings better data infrastructure And other carrots, especially for individual institutions or even programs within institutions are about visibility having a better way of describing what your credentials are and what competencies they include and Making your data about your credentials more findable by search engines with the structured link data Well, that's a very very rich answer to a fantastic question. Thank you very much, Julie You want to know about sticks also Julie? She did ask about sticks and ask about sticks I think that in some cases Partly because of the cost savings you're going to see a top-down approach that says Credential issuer you have to provide your credential data in this format in order to be in this data structure and so that would be a forcing mechanism for institutions to Organize they might even have that data right so to organize that data and get it into CTO and get it into the reporting structure that works We anticipate a possible stick to come. Do you think state governments will be able to use this? To try to incentivize or even compel at least public universities and colleges to participate Yes, okay, and and part of that is Consumer protections accountability to stakeholders and some other really obvious reasons Why public institutions are accountable and therefore it's not unreasonable to expect them to provide Credential data that can be compared across different types of credentials Thank you again great question Julie. She always asked her questions And now we have another question that came up. This is a simpler one from Angela Vela Stolik Who asks what initiated this project on your end? I think in part that's how do you get involved? Oh for well, so let me say a little bit about the origins of credential engine and then talk about my involvement so it started as a Research project at George Washington University to see Whether or not there, you know was anything like this somewhere else in the world, which there's not and And Whether or not it would be feasible to set up something like a credential registry and actually have unique Identifiers each individual credential competency and credentialing organization and what would be the benefits of that? So started as a as a research project has gotten foundation funding from Many different funders and that that funding continues I'm not going to try to list our funders because I'll forget someone and then I'll be in trouble And How did I come to that so? I've always been a futurist and when I saw this initiative I thought wow, that's really smart and really ambitious So I started following it from the beginning At the time I was working on Badges and other innovative credentials And I was a volunteer in the work groups and actually helped develop the credential transparency description language as a volunteer And then I made a career transition this year and Now I'm there full-time, which is awesome. Oh, it does sound awesome As one of future is to another I'm delighted to hear it. Yeah We have another detailed question that comes from let's see This is from Rob per good off who asks hang on. Let me just put this up here Are your discussions technology and vendor agnostic good question, Rob Brian's discussions or the are your discussions at the credential? Well technology agnostic vendor agnostic yes technology agnostic Not completely because we have a strong bias to linked open data We think that for data to be powerful it needs to be Interoperable not only in closed data systems, but also in open data systems and so That's a very strong bias of ours CTDL has been designed that way from the beginning the credential and the credential Registry post everything To web as linked open data now data in the credential registry can be in a Community that is closed for example a Navy project that we're working on right now is in a Navy Specific part of the credential registry, but it's still in linked open data So any parts of that data they want to expose to the world they can That's really important to us Vendor neutral yes, and we would love for more vendors to get actively involved in this space I saw a few in the participants and this is this is your call to action because this is a Rapidly changing arena where the demand is going to be growing Exponentially and so we want we already are working with a number of tech vendors Which again, I won't name because I don't want to forget one but SIS badge platforms LMS is Various types of university cataloging and credentialing systems as well as HR systems all Should be able to use some pretty straightforward methods to use our APIs to Publish credentials and competencies to the registry That's a really really Insistive question and a very detailed response. Thank you to both of you What you if you're new to the forum what you're seeing so far are Questions that people have published their text questions now what I'd like to do is Introduce a video question and this is from the wonderful Tom Haynes in the Houston area Tom. How are you doing? I'll hang in there Little rough around the edges today So my question is this you seem to be assembling I mean this is a tremendous project in terms of the scope of it and kind of boggles the mind in that sense But there's there's an awful lot of wet width to this but what I'm wondering is How do we use this data to assemble a more in-depth? Vision of what a potential employee folk post-student whatever credentialed individual actually brings to the table I was recently reading about the University of Sydney's soft skills addition to their transcripts and I found that very interesting because you know, I find that you know Credentials are based ultimately on grades and completing and checking boxes and going through a bunch of other stuff which generally has very little to do with actual learning and So my concern is of course that you build a This is important and necessary, but you're building a Canvas of something that doesn't necessarily give us a really good feel for what the student is So my question is how do you address that issue? Sure, so that's why one of the key elements of credentials in the CTDL is the competencies Now mind you not every credential inch issuer actually has well defined competencies that they can Include in their credentials. So competencies are not part of the the minimum required data But we're strongly encouraging everyone to include those competencies Because the competencies are the level that maps to the job skills and various types of career progression requirements and So if you don't have that level of richness in the data, like you said, then it becomes well It's a more efficient way of managing high-level data about credentials, but does it really help individuals? Does it help? employers find individuals with the right talents Now let me back up for a minute and and note that The credential registry does not collect or issue Credentials to specific people So we don't have any personally identifiable information in the registry This is the abstracted information about the credentials and the and the competencies and the various types of organization So you're essentially measuring or evaluating the program not the individual. That's right. That's right But now with digital credentials badges comprehensive learner records Interoperable learning record universal learning record. There's a whole bunch of names for these now, right? But the key thing is that as we have more and more digital credentials our What we're advocating for again this call to action for all of you is that Those credentials and competencies be published to the registry So that then you get a globally unique identifier the CPID That can be embedded in that digital credential And then that linked open data is connected out to all of the information about the credentials competencies the assessments The learning program what courses as much detail as that credential provider Chose to include through the link to open data And then because it's linked it can link out to all kinds of other rich data. So say for example, the credential provider has Date has a link to the QA organization And then there's all of that rich information about the QA organization and their QA processes So I have a really nasty question. Are there any plans to hook this to a rating system? So employers can sit there and go. Oh, well, they say they teach these skills, but the person we hired has no idea What they're doing in this area? Well, it's a really valuable question actually because right now what we do not we credential engine, but we as a You know as ecosystems Those employment outcomes are based on some pretty rude and rudimentary To the extent Start somewhere is this person employed after they got this credential. Are they employed in the occupation to which this credential is Aligned Do we have information about their earnings? Do we have any Longitudinal data to know whether or not that was actually an improvement in their earnings. Those are pretty basic things but this type of Rich data transparency can give us actually those loops those feedback loops Assuming you have the data coming in one of the one of the problems we have here in Texas Is that that kind of data is completely untracked and and therefore we have no idea about what's actually happening when they come out I Mean other than self-reporting of some sort, but there's really no state-wide system like some other states have that actually tracks that sort of stuff Well, and this can this can actually shortcut that because employers are also organizations they can be entities in the credential registry and They can Make endorsements of credentials So in that case, they're not endorsing a specific person who has that credential but they can say we have one or more employees who have this credential and they could choose to endorse that credential based on that but they can also provide feedback to So a lot of educational institutions have ways of collaborating with local or regional employers, right? But this can actually provide a communication mechanism for that to say look you say you have these competencies in This credential we actually hired some people who have this credential and they don't or They do and that's good, but we also want these other Competencies included in your programs. So it can it can open up that kind of dialogue without having to have a state level System that does that Great. Thank you. Thank you for those great. That's great start. I hope you feel better time. No, thanks I'll be fine if so again, that's a video question easy to do so if you've got a camera if you've got a mic and And you're ready to go. You don't have to be in Texas. You can be anywhere and I will put you up on stage In fact, we have another person here from another friend of the program for a long time ago Let me bring up the awesome Michael Berman Happy New Year. Hi Michael. Hey Debra. Hey Brian. Where are you today Michael? I'm in Long Beach, California fantastic and So and and you're you're in your new Lair that has Reasonable bandwidth except when it doesn't it has very good bandwidth. I'm not sure which is today But yeah, it's very good only when you do a webinar. There's a problem. Otherwise. It's perfect anyway Good good to see you both so Debra you answered some of my question already, but I'm trying to understand I need someone to do a whole workshop to help me understand the the whole ecosystem that's growing up around this area of credentialing I mean, I think that what you said about You're you're evaluating the credentials not the people is very helpful and I get that kind of something clicked for me when you said that I'm trying to understand the relationship between what you're doing and For example, what I am s global is doing with the the conference of learner record and as you mentioned the other there's several other initiatives that are Going down similar tracks with coming from a little bit different directions I'm hoping some of this will converge because when I look at for the Cal State system, you know We we can't follow we can only follow so many of these initiatives and so hopefully they'll convert somewhat but I do think that If I let me let me put it my words and help me understand if this is what you're saying so what you this this ID number that you're developing that's a That represents a unique identifier that maps to particular competency the idea this that becomes in a data point within student credentials So then student credentials as opposed to just having Only having sort of general descriptors that an institution or might be self-described as a company You've got some that are really pinned down That are well-described in some publicly accessible open metadata and that's really the piece of the puzzle that you're trying to solve is that is that how I understand it Yes, and to grow that publicly available metadata so that there's So that there's more right I mean Comparisons for example But to your the first part of your question about ecosystems That's deliberately plural because there are all different types of ecosystems growing up around this So for example our regional initiative in the LA area is Focused primarily on the retail and hospitality sector. And so that's You know say specific programs within community colleges within a region collaborating with specific employers to Develop that the needed workforce for that particular region and that's a very Viable and an important example of an ecosystem, but there's many others in some cases. It might even be a specific badging initiative at an institution that provides the People call them soft skills, but I hate that phrase 21st century skills durable skills cross-cutting competencies And they that might be a badging initiative at a specific institution with local employers to say well Does someone actually come out of this program with teamwork skills? For example, so anyway, there are many different examples of ecosystems But then to your point about How some of these things are converging so I I totally hear you about all these different organizations doing different things if you want to If you want to go straight to where there's focus, it's bringing these things together go to the t3 innovation network Which is organized by the US Chamber of Commerce Foundation and what that's done has Brought together over the last couple of years people from education training business government military and looked at the the convergence of how we can use 21st century technologies, especially linked open data and Solve some of the problems in the the talent marketplace Right, so that's what how do people represent their own skills and accomplishments and be able to use those and have them You know like competencies of currency, right? So anyway, there's There's a bunch of different work groups there You can choose the one that is most relevant for your particular interest You can just follow along with all of them credential engine is involved in all of them that touch on what we're doing IMS is also involved there and the specific touch point between IMS comprehensive learner records the CLR and Credential engine well, I'm a touch point because I was actually one of the Co-leads on the development of the CLR. I thought you're involved in that. Yeah. Yeah, and but But part of what we did when we developed the CLR standard is that we Harmonized it already with credential engine CLR is a container that is going to issue those structured digital Records to individuals then those individual records within there can include the CT ID and Then you don't have to embed a lot of extra data in that CLR unless you want to Because that's that data is all connected to it via the CT ID Same thing with other digital credential technologies open badges There the t3 innovation network is launching a set of pilots this spring on ILRs, which are very similar, but they're More clearly designed specifically within employment Feedback loops involved So we had a quick question about that came from the chat But which was is the ID to the credential or to the person who earned that credential? The well, you're still you're also going to need, you know The personally identifiable information for that individual, but that's not the part that we do, right? So and there's actually a t3 innovation Work group about that about Personal identifiers what we do with the credential will transparency identifier the CT ID is The different data points in the registry like a credential or a competency or a credential issuer That record in the credential registry has that global unique identifier that can be embedded in any digital system and At any point link out to all that data via the web Thank you. Thank you. We have more questions coming in Michael. Thank you for that one. Thank you very much. See you soon We have a whole bunch of people who are asking I just want to I'll read your question out Kelly and And Chris systems actually had a very similar questions. I'm gonna just put this up on the screen How do credential how do colleges and universities start participating in the credential engine and CETL? Okay, so that's actually really simple go to credential engine org and You'll see there a lot of resources to help you learn more about what we do and CETL And you'll also see right on the page a link to the credential registry where you can go and create an account and start publishing information about your credentials and We provide a variety of assistance with that We try to make it as do it yourself as possible because we want it to be very scalable. So we have Open source resources Their community commons license. So also if you want to become an advocate for this and Learn more about it yourself, but then help other people learn how to do it better yet So there's there's how-to guides. There's fact sheets there's a very straightforward process for creating account and Publishing your credentials to the registry And of course you can reach out to us also We have a small staff. We're always eager to help and we're particularly eager to help people who want to help other people So Well, and I think we're we're glad to do our role here on the forum We have another question. Thank you. It's free. I see that in the chat. Can you say that again? It's free There's no charge for For using the registry for using any of the documentation for using ctdl I don't think you can say free often enough Hi, can you hear me? My dad hopefully I'll see you next week Okay The question I had is actually around the ability to maintain or exert Selective disclosure of the elements from a credential that's in the registry when shared with others That is to say I might want someone to Know I have a credential for something but I may not want to describe anything more about it unless There is a direct one-on-one connection between us That's a good question. I don't actually know the answer to that question I'd have to ask our tech people and since I probably will see you soon, I'll I'll track that down and find out Okay, the question comes up because at least from what we're seeing there's an increasing interest in Sort of the general topic of selective disclosure Where the individual retains the ability to say what about themselves they want to to share and In the search context for example, if you're in the registry you may want to Be able to disclose that you got a degree from Cal State But nothing more at that point unless there is further interest or or Follow-up from the person who's inquiring or the end of the vendor that are the the employer that's inquiring, right? So let's let's make a distinction between the Individual record of the credential that's issued to the individual and certainly that type of selective disclosure is is Critically important there like you might want to say I got this degree, but I'm not going to disclose my grades for example, right? And then the degree could be verified, but not more specific information but if the if you're talking about the motivations of the credential provider and the data that they're providing about the credential, right? Maybe they have for example some deep and fairly complex information about earnings that they Captured not about earnings of individual people, right? But about the earnings outcomes for that credential and aggregate Maybe they produce that information for certain types of initiatives, but they don't what it publicly available on the web I'm I just don't know whether or not the registry out of the box supports that type of Disclosure Looks like somebody has oh somebody's got a link to credential engine in general not that specific point, but that said I Did say free free free free free, but we can also provide paid services So if the credential registry doesn't support that out of the box But an institution or a state system or whoever wanted to do that, then that's the type of a Specialized services that we can provide via a contract and Is there you can ask one more question is that okay? Yeah Brian's gone so yeah, go ahead Yes The question comes up with respect to the recent introduction of the California Consumer Privacy Act where individuals organizations that are collecting data about people need to be able to well within Qualified by how many how many individuals are collecting data about and things like that, but Assuming that you fall into their general category of coverage Are What impact or have you actually analyzed the impact of what you need to be able to? provide and or do To the individual that says yes I do want my data included in aggregations or don't want my data included in aggregations of various sorts and that in that Kind of thing that's a really important question, but it's not one that we at credential engine Work with directly because we don't collect any personally identifiable information and we also don't collect that data that is then analyzed in aggregate it would be the credential issuer who collects that data and and decides how to analyze it for the earnings the aggregate earnings outcome for example It's probably worth checking in into that a little more in so far as the Attorney General in California has said that derived data from individuals contributions from an institution or otherwise Still constitute things that the individual should be able to withdraw from Yes, that's true, but we just don't we don't collect those data. No, but you might redistribute some of that Yeah, the case in point came from indeed.com which Their response to that was if you want to have the day the derived data that we create About you all the people registering that indeed Withdrawn from your contribution to that withdrawn then you can do that, but you also have to delete your account You can't use our service anymore Phil is that the new California law that just that's correct. Yeah I appreciate it and I really look forward to seeing you again. Okay. See you soon Friends we have about 10 minutes left and we have a whole bevy of questions coming in Deb, how are you holding up? Is this good? Great. Yeah. Oh great Well, we've got a couple more text questions which I'll put up here. So here's one from from Doyle Which is what is the validation process in determining the quality of the program credential? So quality is Relative right quality by what criteria and for whose purposes and so our so first of all, let me say that credential engine was founded by multiple types of organizations including QA organizations and we have an active advisory group now of quality assurance organizations not only from higher ed, but also from other types of bodies and So we are we are deeply concerned and committed to the question of quality However, we are not a We are not the quality police our aim is to Encourage everyone to publish as much information as possible Including about the quality assurance organizations that oversee this credentialing institution and the programs that produce these credentials and To provide a lot of really rich data so that a different stakeholders can make their own determinations about quality What might be high quality for an employer might be different for someone who is seeking to pursue a different particular credential might be different for someone who is providing funding to that organization and so our focus is really on Providing data for people to be able to make quality determinations not for us to make those not for us to make those determinations Thank you, and thank you Dorel for the really cool question We have this is the part of the program where we start to look forward to the future and already we've been doing that You've been describing an ambitious project in the roadmap and a lot a lot of directions to proceed And we have a couple of questions that have come up and I'd like to share these we've learned from Charles Finley you asks Will the CT ID force for placing grades on traditional transcripts for individuals No, so Technologies overlap right traditional transcripts are not going away anytime soon I was in Penn Station recently and they have phone booths there. Yeah, telephoned in them right so Um This is going to be for probably quite some time parallel between traditional transcripts being issued and being issued in more updated digital ways and for new digital transcripts to Emerge alongside those where people might get both and then maybe they'll get the traditional embedded in a digital container and then they'll have some things that are only in digital credentials and so The CT ID is about us moving into that future and it's about the identifiers for those credentials and competencies not for a specific grade and And That's also it's worth noting. That's the CT ID for a particular version of that credential So say for example, I got a cybersecurity certificate in 2020 that's going to be a different CT ID Then when that program changes significantly and is offered in 2022 sure So in that case, you wouldn't change the grades or change the fact that that person achieved that 2020 credential But you would have a different basis for comparison, right? Because you wouldn't be able to see what characteristics are Different via the CTDL between the newer version and the prior version. Does that make sense? It makes sense to me. It's a it's a tricky moving target that you're trying to pin down I'm speaking at which we're not trying to pin it down. We're just going with that moving target Yeah And a little a little broader if we open the ones a little further We have a question from Ben who asks from your point of view for how much longer does the bachelor's degree have relevancy? Oh That's a loving question. I Think that Traditional degrees bachelor's masters PhDs MDs, etc. Those will continue to have relevancy for the foreseeable future However, I think that as we get more information about the The outcomes for individuals associated with What are now called alternative credentials, which is kind of crazy because Alternative credential way outnumber Degrees degrees are your measure of traditional credentials As we get more and more data about those and can use them more effectively Because we actually see how they build in career pathways more and more people are going to opt for those, right? They're they're typically going to be Shorter more targeted more geared toward the specific outcomes of an individual wants including this particular move in my in my career ladder or lattice so I Think fewer people will get bachelor's degrees, but I don't think that's a bad thing That would be a big step if it has it doesn't occur Thank you, but thank you for that very foresightful question Actually, a lot of people will probably not be happy to hear me say that I think fewer people get past those degrees, but you know, it's In in this world of very rapidly changing careers more people are going to need credentials and they May or may not need bachelors. So We had a follow-up question from from Phil right along those lines I think this would be the last one for for today Phil asks to what extent do you think credentials in the absence of skills described will persist? Well, one of the reasons that degrees persist and are still a primary sorting mechanism in Applicant screenings for jobs is because people assume for example hiring managers assume that they know What skills that credential represents? Right, so there and that's true for many different types of credentials and in some cases for example like certifications and licensures that this they do actually represent a very specific set of skills so Certain types of assumptions are going to continue But more and more alternative credentials are going to become successful credentials because they represent The skills and competencies they include So they could just come out compete the less ones. Yeah Yeah, but I have to pause now because we're right at the end of our hour I know we have just barrel along at top speed So many fantastic questions Let me just quickly ask What's the best way for people to catch up with you in person and is it your Twitter account Ariadne 2444? Yeah, that's one way to Great great news. Let's go to the credential engine website and there was a link on the shindig page to my email address there so So we can we can help with you there Thank you so much. This has been fantastic You've really given us a deep insight into this project, which is one way forward for the future of higher education Thank you so much. Well, thanks for having me here. It's been great My pleasure and don't go away friends because I should tell you about what happens next We have next week. We have a tutorial Forum with Ruben Puettadura where he's going to walk us through the Samur method Which is again this very important method for describing how teachers and instructors can change what they do to enhance it in the work of technology Ruben is a fantastic facilitator Just a great thinker And I'm really really looking forward to this and you can find out more just go to shindig.com slash login slash event slash Samur Now if you want to catch up on that session afterwards or this session afterwards or any number of nearly 200 sessions Just head to the video archive tiny world comm slash FTF archive And if you'd like to keep talking about all this great stuff including credentials and where they're headed Just join us on Twitter using the hashtag FTTE. You'll see there's already been a bunch of conversation today head to our our Facebook group or LinkedIn group or a select channel and we'd be delighted to hear from you in the meantime Thank you all so much friends today for fantastic questions. I really appreciate it I think we all learned a great deal. We'll see you next time online. Take care. Bye. Bye and happy new year


bunch of goodies guys. We got a new project coming up and this is Project Storm 2012 Dodge Ram 1500 4x4 Hemi Crew Cap. So as you can see guys we have a whole bunch of good parts sitting here for Project Storm.  It might see the racetrack a few times but for the most part this is gonna be a daily truck that is absolutely fun to drive. And as you see we have a whole bunch of parts so stay tuned we're gonna go over Project Storm and all the good parts we just picked up for the build. So here we go. Alright guys so right off the top as you can see we chose Torx Storm Superchargers obviously and that is mostly because most of you guys know I run it on Frostbite and I have had awesome results with the Torx Storm Supercharger. It has been flawless. I've had zero issues with Torx Storm. No leaks, no belt problems, no nothing. The thing has worked great. The truck has ran hard and we are still working on running faster every day. But as you see we have the Torx Storm Supercharger for Project Storm. Same exact supercharger that's on Frostbite and this is gonna make Project Storm an absolute runner. The goal for this truck is to be a daily driver that is just absolutely fun to drive.  Again the truck is a 4x4. The 2012 is equipped with the 6 speed transmission which we know all the 5 and 6 speeds are not the very best of being a powerhouse by no means. We're gonna keep this at a pretty low boost build. We're gonna try to stay very well around the 7 psi marker less. Again we're not trying to make a whole bunch of power and break records. We're making this truck fun to drive and add some serious horsepower as we do it. But at the end of the day it's gonna be a reliable fun truck. That is the goal for this 4x4 and going into the next part we have the Mopar licensed automator boost gauge. This is the same gauge that is in Frostbite. This boost gauge is what I'm running in Frostbite and this gauge is very very accurate. There's actually a lot of people running the same boost gauge like Joey Bellaggio and Incredible Hemi. They both run the same gauge and again I love this gauge. It looks great. It goes well with your Mopar obviously with the little Mopar symbol in it. But this is a mechanical gauge and it's very very accurate. I love this gauge. So we went with the same gauge for Project Storm. The next thing we have is the gauge pod pillar. This is also from Automator. We went with the double gauge and that is because we will be obviously running the boost gauge in it and our AFR wide band gauge. Very simple pillar to install. These fit very well on the Rams. You can also get them with three pods. So if you wanted one that held three gauges that is definitely an option but we chose the two pod which is the same one I'm running in Frostbite. Like I said fits great. Works great. Not too bad to install. Very very good gauge pillar from Automator. So the next thing up of course adding a supercharger we have to upgrade our fuel injectors. And we went with none other than fuel injector clinic for our fuel system. So fuel injector clinic injectors these are the FIC 650 CC injectors. Very popular injectors these are also the same injectors I'm running in Frostbite currently. FIC 650s they tune very well they tune easily and they they work very very well. Zero issues when you're running fuel injector clinic injectors that's for sure. Well worth the money. I cannot stress the importance of cheaping out on injectors. A lot of people ask me can I run Hellcat injectors? Can I run this? Can I run that? Yes Hellcat injectors work but many people will tell you that they're absolutely trash. Spend the money buy good injectors from fuel injector clinic. That is the the best quickest easiest answer I can give you when it comes to injectors because I get hammered with injector questions all the time. FIC injectors you cannot go wrong. Next thing up is our PLX AFR gauge. Now I get hammered with these questions just as much. Alright what AFR gauge do you recommend? Well here it is PLX I believe and there's also a lot of other people that will say the same thing the PLX AFR gauge is the best gauge out there for the money and for the performance. This gauge works very very well and it's very accurate and all I can say is it's worth the money it's a great gauge. Last thing up is we have the snow performance water methanol injection kit. We're gonna be adding water meth on this build as this is gonna be a water meth setup. Project Storm will be running a water meth setup and as you can see we got a storm coming literally so Project Storm is a storming on us. So we're gonna be running a water meth kit on Project Storm and that is the goal. We're not gonna be running an intercooler setup. We're trying to make this as budget-friendly as possible. Work very well and we're gonna go with water methanol for our setup for Project Storm. Alright Mopar fam as you can see we are in Project Storm right now as it's storming outside. That is absolutely awesome. In the middle of the video it literally starts to storm on us while we're talking about Project Storm so I guess the name reigns on its own so there it is but there's a breakdown of all the parts going on the Project Storm. This build should be very very fun.  The gauge pillar, the gauges, the Torch Storm Supercharger, absolutely everything. The water meth kit, everything. So we'll be having videos coming up on this new build for everything we just got. Also the tuning on this truck is going to be from Dr. Differential. I work with Justin at Dr. Differential. He's gonna be tuning this truck for us as well.  This is gonna be a to work to the store and once in a blue moon it might see the track but this truck is to be a daily driver, a workhorse, a fun truck to get in and drive and that's what this is about. We want to add some power to the truck but we want to make it very reliable and great for a daily so I think this build is gonna be perfect for that. We're also trying to make this build as cheap and budget-friendly as possible. We're gonna be running water meth injection for our cooling. So we're gonna be relying on water meth for the cooling. We're not gonna be messing with intercoolers, piping or anything like that. I'm trying to make this setup work for the average guy that can work with hand tools and stuff like that in his driveway and bolt this up and not need you know per se a welder or anything like that. We're trying to make this a simple bolt-on deal that works great for the guy that just wants his truck to be a little bit more peppy or he wants a little more power for towing or he just wants to have a fun truck to drive. That is what the that is the point of Project Storm. So definitely guys stay tuned. We have a track we have a track outing plan for Project Storm coming up in a few days. We're gonna take the truck to the track and we're gonna get a baseline run how the truck sits right now. I'm gonna go over the mods on the truck currently. Okay so the truck is pretty much bone stock okay except for a little add-ons. We currently right now when we go run the truck this is what's gonna be on the truck. It has a Diablo programmer. It actually has my old Diablo programmer on the truck. Diablo Trinity to be exact and it's running the 93 can tune from Diablo. Nothing's been changed in the tune except for the MDS is turned off but it's the factory can tuned 93 tune from Diablo. Other than that it's got my old Mopar cold air intake kit under the hood on the Hemi. That's the only engine modification on this truck and then for exhaust this truck is pretty stock for exhaust except for mufflers and the piping. It's running the factory exhaust manifolds okay. Factory exhaust manifolds no long tubes or nothing like that. Factory exhaust manifolds it still has catalytic converters and the catalytic converters will be staying on the truck as this truck has to pass emissions and it's got true duels coming off the cats all the way to the rear bumper going into Flowmaster Super 44s. So basically a full exhaust system truck passes emissions, catalytic converters, all of that. We will be running the truck with those mods. I expect Crew Cab 2012 six-speed Ram. I'm thinking you know it's summertime we I'm thinking we can click off a 15, a 15 something that's my guess. So we'll see what it does. The DA has been averaging between about 28 to about 3500 the past couple weeks with the heat that we've been getting. So I'm guessing around 15s so I don't know. Throw a comment out there what you guys think Project Storm is going to run with the setup on the truck currently before we go and modify a bunch of stuff and add the supercharger and all the goodies. After all the goodies again we're not trying to make this truck super fast we're just trying to make it fun. I'm kind of thinking with good air we can get this Crew Cab maybe to run somewhere in the high 13s or something like that after the Torx Storms put on and all the good parts. So that is a rundown on the new build going down on the channel. So of course we have Frostbite. Frostbite's not going anywhere we'll be working on Frostbite and now we have Project Storm and a lot of videos coming up on Project Storm. So as always guys stay safe out there don't forget hit that subscribe button and we'll see you guys on the next one.


Grand Rapids girls looking for their third straight win as they visited Duluth East. Liberty Blaine lived up to her jersey number, the three she had 14. Thunderhawk's showing some defense. Meghan Denny with the steal takes it all the way herself for the buckets.  Grand Rapids comes away with a 25 point win, 77-52. Lakeland PBS


Alright, so we have Linda and Bidanka today and they are going to talk about the Green Maternity Project, a midwife-led initiative to promote correct waste segregation on an Australian postnatal ward. So Professor Linda Swede is both a nurse and a midwife with a broad experience in clinical environments management and research. Linda is an inaugural chair in Midwifery in Deakin University and Western Health Partnership. Linda is a Flinders University Distinguished Scholar, a Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Health Professional Educators, and a lifetime member of the Australian College of Midwives. Linda has over 120 peer review publications, is a Deputy Editor of the International Journal Women and Birth, is a peer reviewer for numerous other international journals. Linda is passionate about midwifery profession and improving maternity care. Dr Bidanka Vasilevsky is a research Fellow at Deakin University School of Nursing and Midwifery and Western Health Partnership. Bidanka has a PhD in Neuropsychology and research experience in a range of health issues. She has a growing track record in pregnancy and women's health research with a focus on improving pregnancy outcomes of women experiencing disadvantage and women with obesity. Bidanka plays a key role in a broader research group aimed at reducing the rates of neurodevelopmental vulnerability in children experiencing disadvantage by identifying potential drivers for these outcomes during pregnancy. Through this work, she has successfully engaged with health organizations and community services that they are keen to improve the outcomes of women, children and families. Bidanka's research on Maternity Services Improvement has led to actionary changes in the delivery of care in maternity settings at local and national levels. Welcome and you can start your presentation now. Thank you so much Paola. Bidanka and I are delighted to be here today to present this project. But I want to say at the very outset, it wasn't our design or our idea, it was from a passionate group of midwives who worked on a postnatal ward at the hospital in which we work that came to us with a problem going, oh my gosh, we just don't do the right thing with all the waste that we have. And given the global warming and the climate change issues and the carbon emissions, we really think we could make a difference if we segregated our waste better. So that was the start of this small project and it is relatively a small project. It occurred on one postnatal ward in one tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. The people that were the drivers of the project were declined to be present today for lots of reasons. So Bidanka and I, as their mentors and supporters, are presenting the work. But as you'll see from photos, that the other midwives did the bulk of the work for this project. We were just supporting and encouraging them along the way. So we called it the green maternity project. So green being everything's green, it's good, it's what's the right word, like environmentally friendly, as such. So we also worked with the hospital's waste management person or people. There was a couple of people that we got engaged in this project. When we were conceptualising it, we said we really think we can make a difference. If we do things, we want to do a few audits and manage and assess whether or not we're actually making a difference. This group of the hospital we work at, we're very fortunate. They offer a research grant every year. And this group, the green maternity team, was successful in winning the grant in a particular year. So that gave them $15,000 in order to pay additional staff hours to do the additional work that's required for this kind of research. So without that funding and support, this kind of work would not have been possible. So I acknowledge Jessica, Anna and Kira, and also Angelina, who was with us at the beginning, but moved places very soon after the commencement of the project. So as a background, the healthcare sector, as we know, is one of the leading contributors to waste production globally. There are publications that say we produce about 7% of the carbon emissions across the globe, just to satisfy the healthcare system. That's 7% in the sense of making the products required for healthcare, as well as the healthcare system's use of things that itself. We're situated in Melbourne, Victoria, in Australia. And it's estimated that our public health system's solid waste. Just what we dispose of is 42,000 tonnes a year, just of solid waste. And the way in which that solid waste is managed depends on the type of waste, whether it's clinical waste, general waste, contaminated waste, et cetera. And so segregating the type of waste makes a huge difference as well. We know that waste management in Victoria costs about $17 million, Australian dollars. And that's just in Victoria. So Victoria is one of one state in Australia. There are numerous states and territories. So 60% of that goes to treating disposal of clinical waste. So if you think $17 million a year, 60% of it is managing clinical waste. Do we actually segregate waste appropriately so that only clinical waste is in the clinical waste compartment, which costs us the most? Or are we actually putting general waste, which is really cheap to get rid of, in clinical waste inappropriately? So it does beg the question. And I get that this is a completely lifted field topic for most midwives, but it actually is really important. Waste production will continue to rise over the coming years. We understand that there's so much more use of single-use only products, packaging and wrapping and all that sort of stuff. So we need to think about those kinds of things. So what we know is that inaccurate waste segregation has been identified by as a problem for health care staff. There's numerous articles that say nurses and midwives, in particular, doctors true, doctors and enthetists, PCAs, do not put the right things in the right containers for the correct waste segregation. So people probably don't understand that if you put something in a general bin, it's disposed of at a certain cost. If you put something in a clinical waste bin, it's disposed of probably at 100% of the general waste cost. So because of the requirements for safety and all that kind of stuff. So there's a huge cost inferential in this process, but there's also a huge end product inferential. So at least if you segregate correctly, we know it leads to improved waste management cost and decreased environmental cost. So sustainable health care practices are valued by staff, but not always enacted. So various factors inhibit effective waste segregation in hospital, things like high patient turnover, lack of time, staff habits, perception that all waste is clinical, which is not, as I said, clinical waste disposal is much more expensive than general waste disposal. And also inconvenient bin locations as a few examples. Health care staff report inadequate knowledge about how to actually segregate the waste appropriately. So what happens if we improve waste management? When tailored education is provided, knowledge about effective waste management increases, but so too do the behaviours. The behaviours of the everyday person on the ward can say, oh, actually, this IV line shouldn't be in this bin. It should be in that bin. This breast infant feeding bottle shouldn't be in this bin. It should be in that bin. So it's about educating the everyday person on the ward about the appropriateness of their waste segregation. So we know that interventions to support accurate waste segregation have been associated with reduced cost. Cost to the organisation reduced risk to staff and patients. If you put the right things in the right buckets, it actually reduces risk to staff and patients. And as we've explained, is that if you segregate waste and it's disposed of in its the best manner possible for the type of waste it is, we're going to decrease the environmental impact. So all of those things actually make a long-term difference. So our study aims, sorry, it's pulling at my slide, to understand the impact of a midwife-led intervention to improve waste segregation and management on staff knowledge and attitudes, volume, waste volume and waste management related costs. So our study, I'll explain a little bit more about the methodology shortly, but our study was a setting in the western suburbs of Melbourne in a new hospital called the Joan Kerner Women's and Children's Hospital. It's one of the largest maternity hospitals in Australia with over 6,500 births a year. We have two postnatal wards, level seven and eight of the building you can see in front of you for the lovely rainbow-coloured building. It's beautiful. And there's two postnatal wards, excuse me, servicing 32 beds. So the study was actually done just on one of those postnatal wards, not on both. So it was one postnatal ward. So it was led by a team of, we say two to five because it changed. It was a 12 month, little bit over 12 month project. And so midwives resigned and came and left and came and all that kind of thing. There was a core feud that we named on the first slide that retained throughout the entirety of the project, but there were others that were involved at certain points throughout. So what we would say is that across the course of the 12 months, there were 19 sustainability champions. So midwives put their hand up and said, we wanna make sure we do the right thing. We wanna make sure that our waste segregation is effective and appropriate. This occurred just after the start of COVID. So the intention was for monthly education sessions, but because of COVID and lack of face-to-face sessions, et cetera, they ended up being four education sessions over the 12 months. They were instructional posters and waste preparation and disposal posters posted within the ward about what goes in which bin. Put this in here, don't put this in there, that kind of stuff. And I think we've got some images coming up next. There were monthly newsletters, detailing key waste management strategies. So every month, the small midwifery team that were championing this project would put a piece into their staff email about this month, we're focusing on Ivy Lines. This month, we're focusing on Catheters. This month, we're focusing on other things. So every month, there was something about how best to segregate the waste of the topic of the day. There were incentives to promote engagement. So we did actually do monthly incentives of, plants, for example, and I think we used public transport vouchers, et cetera, as a way of, you know, they're always green things to promote people to be champions, to push the cause we were trying to achieve. So here you can see some of the examples of the posters and slides that they used. I know it's small in your screen, but basically they stickity-taped examples of things onto posters and said this goes in the red bin or this goes in the yellow bin or this goes in the green bin, depending on what it was. And then we had the amazing, oops, sorry, I've got two screens going, let me go here. Then we had the amazing people who did the audits. So our study design was a pre and post intervention with staff knowledge surveys. We used observational waste collection audits. So we did a waste collection of 24 hours of waste segregation in the personal award at the beginning. And then the subsequent for education sessions and the monthly newsletters went out and we did two more waste audits.  They're not, you know, not anything else. They are midwives that are absolutely passionate about this who did the waste audit. So for 24 hours of waste collection, they looked at each kind of bin and whether or not the waste that was in that bin was appropriate for its type or whether it should have been allocated to a different bin. They also weighed the waste of each bin. So Vedanka will explain shortly that the outcomes of those audits but we measured them three times, pre-education, middle education at the end of education and the waste audit took account of 24 hours of waste collection. They were conducted by the same people at the same time. So the same, you know, so it was fairly consistent in the process of doing that waste audit. But yeah, anyway, you'll get to hear the amazing results we had. We also did a staff survey. So there was about 140 clinical staff on the postnatal awards at the time of the implementation of the study design. There were 59 nurses and midwives that completed the pre-intervention survey and that was about knowledge, knowledge of what items go into what kind of bin. So it was about their waste management knowledge and then post-intervention, there were 65 respondents. However, they're not the same group of people because in the hospital we work at the people that work on the postnatal award rotate. They rotate around different areas within the hospital and the study was only on the individual, one individual postnatal award. So we can't match the survey respondents but we can actually get a good sense of the knowledge, pre-intervention, post-intervention and for Duncan we'll talk more about that now. So I'm going to stop and pass over to for Duncan. Thanks, Linda. And great to be part of this presentation. Before I move on Linda, can you please drive the slides for me because I don't have the... Yep, thank you. So we'll go to... Paola, can you give the Duncan presenter access? Yep, it's done now. Yep, be done because you can see now the arrows are the border and you can... Beautiful. Yep, thank you. Okay, so these are the demographics of our survey participants. So I just want to state that there were a different group of participants pre-intervention and post-intervention. So this study was conducted smack bang at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. So you can imagine that there was a lot of staff movement across the hospital. As Linda said, even within this project we had staff leave and then come back and at all different points. So it would have... If we had tried to capture those that were pre and post-intervention I imagine we would have had a really small sample and the results would have not been analysable. So for that reason we've got two different groups and as you can see the majority were under 35 years of age and most were midwives and nurses. However, in the post-intervention we had a doctor, some management staff and a registered undergraduate student of Midwifery complete the survey. Most were relatively new to the service so one to five years of practice. There were a few more with about six to ten years of practice and we also had a few that had been at the service for quite a while. We asked whether the participants had received waste management training when they first started at the service and only a very small number had had any waste management training when they were employed. So this question of the survey asked participants to nominate what the bins that are available on the postnatal ward relate to in terms of the type of waste that goes into it. So as you can see the red bin takes general waste and nearly all participants got that right around 90% both pre-intervention and post-intervention. For the blue bin, which is the recycling bin, again they had high amounts of participants who knew what that bin was. So there was no significant difference pre and post-intervention there and the same for the yellow bin that was referred to clinical waste and again most of the participants knew both pre and post-intervention what goes into that bin. So then we asked participants to tell us what specific items go into what bin. And the first item was a syringe used for IV or intravenous antibiotics and that goes into a sharps bin. And as you can see around 40 to 47% of participants got that right which both pre and post-intervention. So there was no difference there. A coffee cup goes into general waste around over 66% of participants got that correct. Again, there were no differences pre and post-intervention. The intravenous line goes into general waste and as you can see a lot of participants got that wrong. So about 30% got it right, both pre and post-intervention. Again, no differences but it showed that that was an area requiring intervention. So instructional posters about how to prepare IV lines for waste disposal was included along the course of intervention to help address that. Indwelling catheter goes into general waste so a lot of people did not know that. Again, no differences pre and post-intervention. Paper towel most knew that it goes into general waste and that the baby bottle goes into recycling around 70% got that correct. And as I said before, there were no significant differences between the groups pre and post-intervention. And again, that's likely because of a lot of the movement of the staff and they would have been exposed to the intervention at different time points across the year and they might have missed some focuses. So in that regard, it's limited but it did actually show our team what are the areas that they need to focus on to improve waste segregation on the ward. Okay, so then we asked participants to tell us perceived reasons for not segregating waste correctly. And most said that they didn't know what goes into what bin, time constraints, bin location, lack of interest in the effective waste disposal. And there were only a very small number of participants that felt that all staff segregate waste appropriately. And again, there were no significant differences there pre and post-intervention. Okay, then we asked participants to write their agreement on a number of statements related to waste management at the hospital in terms of regularly trying to reduce waste and practice recycling. Most participants agreed that they did make an effort to do that, both pre and post-intervention. Finding separating the waste into correct bins is easy and does not impact on time management. Most participants agreed to that to some extent but not as strongly with the previous statement. So that demonstrates that time was an issue. I'm concerned about the impact our organization has on landfill and the carbon footprint and most agreed with that statement. I would attend a training session to increase my knowledge of waste segregation. So there was some significant differences there. So pre-intervention, the majority of staff strongly agreed that they would attend training, whereas that dropped to agree post-intervention and that could be because of the pressures of the pandemic and the clinical priorities made waste segregation less of a priority and gave them less time to attend to any education because of that. We are doing enough in maternity services to minimize waste and most disagreed or strongly disagreed with that statement and same with the idea that the organization is proactive in addressing waste management. However, there was a significant change over time, more agreed post-intervention and we think that may be because of the greater visibility of the green maternity initiative across the ward. So people seeing the posters and the midwife champions around might have made them feel that the organization was starting to be more proactive about waste management as a result of that. So this is the really fantastic outcome. It's, this is the data from the observational audits of waste on the wards across the course of the intervention. So as you can see in January, the orange bar relates to clinical waste. So there was 15.7 kilos of clinical waste in January. That dropped down to 8.4 in July, so almost half. And then by the end of the intervention, the clinical waste dropped to 3.2 kilos. So that's one-fifth of the amount that was being produced at baseline, which is a huge impact. In terms of the other waste streams, so general waste and recyclable waste, there was not much of a difference between January and July. But the key aspect, oh sorry, I was looking at the wrong bar. So yeah, so in terms of general and recyclable waste, not much difference between January and July, but if we look in December, there was an increase in recyclables, which again is showing that there's been better waste segregation. So we want more of the waste to go in recyclables, and some going into general, but the least we want in clinical waste, and that's what has occurred over the course of the intervention, which is fantastic. So in terms of the cost impact, the cost of managing, so yes, I can hear you. Yeah, kind of. It's not about wanting less clinical waste per se, it's about appropriateness of the segregation, because what we're doing is we're putting too much inappropriate stuff into clinical waste that's costing the health service an awful lot more money than it should because it's been inappropriately segregated. So what we've proven is correct segregation completely reduces stuff. Sorry, back to you for Duncan. No problem, and yes, you remind me that. So the overall volume of waste did not change over the course of the intervention, and you would expect, we probably expected that there might have been more by the end because of COVID and greater mask wearing and all these additional single use items, you would expect that the volume of waste overall would have increased, but the volume did not, but the segregation was actually better. So there was a reduction in what was being put in the clinical bins as opposed to the others, which related in the cost reduction. So from January to July, the cost decreased by 30.4%. So we can't actually give you the values because the organization has a contract with the waste provider and they're not allowed to express that information. So we can only tell you by what proportion the cost reduced. And however, when we compare the cost from January to December, the cost reduced to about 50%, which is a significant cost saving to the hospitals. And you can imagine if this was rolled out across all the clinical wards on the hospital, that would amount to a large amount of money in terms of cost savings. And the major cost savings were related to that reduction in clinical waste because that is the most expensive to treat. And in terms of an environmental perspective, reducing clinical waste also reduces the environmental impact the most significantly because the stuff to treat clinical waste is so much more environmentally harmful than the other waste streams. So here are some comments that came out of the surveys. So some of the things that staff identified as issues. So one staff member said, my biggest issue with correct waste management is the layer of the ward itself. Because it is so long end to end, some days I am running back and forth and if the correct bin is not available, I can't afford the time or energy it takes to locate the correct bin. I know it sounds lazy, but the extra steps just add up. I would truly recycle more if I didn't have to go looking for the correct bins, locate scissors before cutting my IV bag. And then another staff member said, as a staff member, I find myself so conscious at home to reduce waste, but personally I struggle at work due to the huge workload and lack of desire from other staff members. We're so overworked, waste reduction is one of the last things on my mind. And a lot of midwives said that they want a culture of environmentally friendly midwives and that's what the Green Maternity Initiative really achieved. It showed that midwives are environmentally responsible and really want to make a difference within their work. But in order to do that, they need support from the organisation. So as Linda said, this was a very minimally funded project and it resulted in a really low cost in terms from the organisation in terms of big benefits for improving waste segregation and the costs to the service and the environment. And some staff indicated, or most staff indicated a key thing that they wanted more of was education to remind staff of segregation of waste and what needs to be in clinical waste versus general and recycling. Updates and refreshers and also what impact this has on the environment so they can understand the overall impact that they're having with what they're doing with their waste not only in terms of saving costs for the hospital. So in conclusion, the finance suggested that some targeted education about what items go into what bin is needed and that was really reflected in the pre-post intervention surveys where there were certain items that many of the staff still did not know what goes where. So targeting strategies to that would be helpful. The surveys from the comments from the surveys showed that the instructional signage was really valued. They really liked the signage above the bins. So when they were in front of the bins, they knew exactly what to do and what goes where. Around the bins also tools were provided such as scissors to help cut IV lines and et cetera and dispose of them correctly and ensuring each bin has access to those tools was also noted as important. Increasing visibility of the sustainability initiative was a motivator for behavior change, particularly having the midwife champions who were demonstrating best practice and really motivating staff to do the right thing was really important. So I will leave it there. Thank you so much for your time. I hope we will be able to answer some questions. We'd like to thank the Western Health Foundation who provided funding for this project and the passionate midwives who really drove this work and got it up and running and made such an impact on the ward. And there are contact details if you want to follow us. I'd also like to acknowledge Shane Crow who's Executive Director of Nursing and Midwifery. I think he actually funded the project, but that's okay. There's no drama because we're all the same-same. But the issues from what we've experienced like producing a 50% improvement created a substantial cost saving for one ward in one hospital across a place that's got 20 wards is extraordinary if you think about the way in which it could be expanded, but it requires champions. And a couple of those midwives that were on that champion group have moved to new roles. And what we understand is some of the practices have gone back to the old. So we need to think about ways about how we can sustain these kinds of changes because it benefits everybody. Thank you so much, Linda and Vidanka. It was a great presentation. So we have some comments from the audience. So someone says it's a passionate presentation. There is also a comment about, it's an important topic. I'm also interested in comparison of waste between home birth settings and hospital birth settings we'll need to compare physiological versus started perhaps a research project for someone. So... Thanks, Carrie-Ann. That comment, I did read it while Vidanka was talking. The service that we work at does have a publicly funded home birth service. And it is something we could potentially look at. But I'm not sure we have the volume to make a grand explanation or difference. But nevertheless, it's still very important. So we have another comment that says, great work. I would like to see that cost saving invested into actually reducing waste. We had one of the, oh gosh, I don't know. Vidanka, do you know what Carlos's role was? What's his professional role in the organization? So it was one of the waste management managers was a part of our team and he supervised the waste audits to make sure they were done correctly, appropriately, without minimising risk to the staff, to the midwives that did it. Yeah, Carlos was a sustainability coordinator or sort of the effect. And the organization as a whole has a number of strategies to try and reduce waste. But there's always more that can be done. And I agree, Laura, the cost savings do need to go into actually reducing waste. And that is a strategy of the hospital that we're working with in terms of their strategic plan. But it takes a lot of effort and commitment. And as this study showed, if we can fund just a small amount of time for clinicians to actually do this appropriately, it makes a big impact. So that's the message we need to be driving home to healthcare organizations is put in a bit of money into your staff and it'll pay you back in a big way. A big way. And it's not just paying you back, it's paying back the whole community because it's reducing climate change and all those sorts of things. So I absolutely agree with Juncker. A little bit of cost value in getting changed champions to get the waste segregation correct makes a huge difference in the cost to the organization but the benefit to the community. So this is a really odd ball, you know, midwifery presentation. You know, it's not something you would probably expect to see or hear at VITM. But seriously, we're presenting on behalf of an absolute passionate group of midwives that could see that they could make a difference in just the everyday things they did. And, Okay, just, Sorry. Yeah, just want to say one last thing. We have submitted this paper for publication and we're hoping that it will be published soon. So if you're interested in finding the full findings, follow us on Twitter or email us and we can keep you up updated once it is officially published. Thank you, Vidanka. We have a last comment and Carrie and sis, thank you for your work and more environmentally friendly products will be good for the future too. Completely agree. All this single use stuff is just crazy for our future. Just crazy. We need to clearly rethink a whole range of things around healthcare products and how we use them. And I've been reading a lot of work saying, maybe we need to go back to old ways of reusable items. So, you know, things that can be rewashed and reused rather than focusing on the single use stuff which are convenient and easy, but in terms of the effects of the environment will have a significant effect on all of us and we need to reduce that.