Hi you guys, Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel, Inside to Him. So if you aren't familiar, I am hosting an Instagram challenge called Social Mashup with Lori from Girls of the Garden. And Social Mashup is basically a sewing challenge where you combine two different patterns to make one unique garment. The bodice from one, the skirt from another, the pants from one, the bodice from another, the sleeve from one, you know, you get the idea. You combine them all to make your own kind of unique design. And a lot of you have already hit the ground running and already submitting your finished garment, which is great. But I also know there are some of you who are like, I don't know how to do that. Either you've just started sewing or you have never really kind of thought outside the box this way. So this video is for you guys, I'm going to teach you my tips and my methods for mashing up different patterns. It's really a lot of fun and not nearly as complicated as you may think. So first things first, fabric requirements. It might go without saying, but I just wanted to cover all the bases with this video and make sure you all understand that you can't mix patterns if one is a knit pattern and one is a woven pattern. The garment ease is different in each of those. And the pieces won't come together correctly. You have to really pay attention to seam lines, especially if you are working with tops, dresses, jumpsuits, things of that nature. So if you have a horizontal seam that is either empire waist at your waistline, drop waist, wherever it is along your body, you can mix and match that those pattern pieces with any other pattern that has the same matching horizontal seam line. So for example, if you have a horizontal seam line at empire waist, you can take the bodice of this dress and combine it with the bottom of this top here because this top also has an empire waist. Or you can take the bodice of this one and add a full link skirt to it to make this address if you want. If you have a waist seam at your actual waist, then you can combine that pattern with any other pattern piece that has a waist seam. So for example, you could take the bodice of a dress like this with the waist seam and combine it with a top like this that also has a seam at the waistline. It's beautiful. But that isn't, that is, that is not all. There is more. So that's certainly the easiest way is to say, okay, where is the seam line? Take the top from one bottom from another, mash them together and you've got your first social mashup. Congratulations. Um, but there's also instances where you have like a waist band, for example. So the waist band is actually going to go across your natural waist. So you can't take a bodice that has a waist seam like this one and just attach a waist band to the bottom of the bodice and then attach a skirt to the bottom of that waist band. You will have essentially added a whole chunk of fabric material to right below your, you know, natural waistline, not super flattering. But what you could do is you could take a little bit from the bodice and a little bit from the skirt and then add the waist band if you wanted that design detail. For my social mashup, I am combining, what am I combining? I am combining the top from simplicity eight seven eight eight and the skirt from butter six six seven six. So you can see that this has a waist seam, but this does not. So then what do you do, Lindsay? Well, let me tell you, um, so on all pattern pieces, at least big four that I know for sure, some indie patterns will probably have this marked as well. But you have a little indicator of where your waistline is. Is this little line? And then it says waist line. So and then on your skirt, this is the skirt pattern piece, you have a little indicator here of where your waistline is. If this were like a high waisted skirt, there would be more pattern up here. If this were a low waisted skirt, this waistline indicator wouldn't even be on here at all. So because this is at the seam line five eighths below the cut line, you know that this is a skirt that's going to sit at your natural waist. This top is intended to be, you know, four inches below your natural waist. So what you have to do is draw a horizontal line that matches the waist line, add your five eighths of an inch seam allowance. And then whenever you add these two things together, well, this is not this, it should be like this. Also, this is the back piece. So I don't know, you get the idea. You would add them together like this where the waist lines are matching up. And then just like that, you now have a dress with a waist seam at your natural waist. So so long as your bodice pattern piece has this marked, that's going to be super, super easy to do. If it doesn't have it marked, you can measure from your side seam line on any dress that fits you well and hits at your natural waist. You can measure down and see what that measurement is and then just kind of mark your own waistline. But I like that they have it already marked to where it's intended to be there. The third thing to keep in mind is closures, meaning zippers and buttons. If you're mashing a pattern with a side zipper to a pattern with a back zipper, you need to make sure that you move one of them so that they match. Likewise, if a pattern has like a button front closure and the other doesn't, you need to alter one of them to match the other or just accept that as a half button placket as part of your design. It's not as simple to switch out a sleeve from one pattern company to another. Even pattern to pattern, that's difficult.  That can get a little bit complicated. But if you just want to make a dress pattern become a jumpsuit, that is super, super simple. Just make sure you have that seam line, whether it's empire waist or natural waist in the same place for both patterns, and you can interchange them to your heart's content. So yeah, that's a really simple, straightforward, quick and easy tutorial on how to do a pattern mash-up, especially if it's your first one. Try not to overthink it too much. Just try a simpler one to begin with so that you can wrap your head around the concept of borrowing pattern pieces one from the other.  There's still plenty of time, I think, I mean two whole weeks basically, till the end of August. There's weekly giveaways where you technically don't even have to have anything sewn to enter those. So what are you waiting for? Go check out social mash-up on Instagram. I have a link in the description box below where you can learn more about kind of the contest and how all of that is working. But make sure you are following me and Lori from Girls in the Garden because we're posting about it pretty regularly. But other than that, that's going to do it for me today. I hope this helped you guys a little bit and I will see you all very soon. Bye!


Hi everyone. Thanks for joining us. Bemidji Area officials will be spending the next year finding ways to bring more child care options to the growing city. Reporter Cheryl Moore tells us about the new World Child Care Initiative. Right now in the Bemidji Area, we're over 500 child care slots short of where we'd like to be. And that number is growing. Well Terry Coney wanted to be at the forefront of child care initiatives so we'll call together a bunch of community leaders to talk about this and kind of get this moving for a lot of reasons. For one, we are a large employer with many, many young parents and so it's significant to us that those parents have solid, dependable day care. Bemidji is joining forces with First Children's Finances to become a part of the Rural Child Care Innovation Program. It's a competitive process and Bemidji was one of the communities that was chosen in Minnesota this year. It's an intensive program that lasts somewhere between 12 and 18 months. The program is meant to uncover problems in the area and create solutions that will solve them. Every community is a little bit different. We do surveys with the communities to find out what's the true problem? What are the true needs around child care in Bemidji? The program will now develop a core team of around 20 community leaders. This child care initiative is bringing together businesses from large and small, different philanthropy organizations, the Beltrami County Human Services, so that we're all kind of working together to figure out how do we expand that child care base. Over the next year, the core team will host community events as a way to get others involved. When that time is over, they'll figure out what will be the next best steps to take. I would like to think that at next year we have not only increased the capacity for new day care providers, for day care centers, but that we've propped up our current providers. We've got some very, very good current day care providers. And from an economic development standpoint, we need that. If we're bringing business to the area our companies are expanding, we want to make sure that our employees are taken care of with housing and child care and those options. Reporting in Bemidji, Shremor, Lakeland News. The group is tentatively looking to schedule their first community event for some time in March. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


So, Brian Gracely from Cisco, he's actually a cloud evangelist for Cisco. So, excellent luck going on here at the event. Tons going on. It's amazing, you know, customer interactions, all kinds of stuff on convergence. Things are hot, things are heating up. So, all right, so Stu, I'm going to turn it over to you. Great, thanks, Dave. And thanks for coming on, Brian. Appreciate it. So, Brian, welcome back to theCUBE. As we said, Brian, you're a CUBE alum. I'm an alumni. Last year, I think you came on, you talked about VCEs, talked a little bit about private cloud, and the discussion's really kind of matured a little bit over the last year. Absolutely. Where we're talking about hybrid cloud, talking about service providers a lot.  So, I think since the last time we were here, I was, last time I was focused very much on VCE. We were getting VCE off the ground, we were trying to build teams. Since then, Cisco asked me to come back and sort of take a role around cloud strategy, around sort of driving cloud evangelism, talking to customers about what's possible, what's, you know, what they should do, what's realistic. And so a lot of what I do is both private cloud with enterprise customers trying to figure out how to really almost build better IT, and then a lot of talking to service providers, helping them figure out not so much how to build them, because they're getting very good at that. VBlock's a great format for doing that. But how do they go about talking to enterprise customers, talking to medium-sized customers about trust, about security, you know, how do they prove those types of things? And so I think we've moved past that stage of definitions, we've moved past the stage of talking about it, we're really in that stage of trying to make everything happen, and that's fun. So Brian, going on down the street right now is Interot. That's right. And there's a good contingency of the Cloud Erotti there. They had two days of cloud panels, and here we are at EMC, it's a, you know, traditionally a storage company, but really much more, virtualization, cloud computing, big data are all there, you know, have you been, what are you hearing from the customers that you're talking to here, the partners you're talking to here? I think the reality of what I hear from customers is, is a couple of things, it's probably very different than what the Cloud Erotti tend to talk about all the time. The first one is they're pretty confused, especially enterprise customers, they're pretty confused, they hear things going on, they wanna hear real life stories. So I tend to drive a lot of discussion first and foremost of real life stories. So whether we're talking about what Cisco IT does, what EMC IT is doing, you know, some friends of ours like Christian Riley, who's over at Bechtel and driving some private cloud types of things, to show them that stuff is possible. That's the first thing we do. And the second thing I think they're trying to figure out is how do I bring some of those best practices in-house? Is it possible to do that? I think the thing they're really, the number one question I get all the time is what happens to my data? You know, where does it go? How do I trust those guys? And so I think more so than anything, they wanna know are their standards gonna be in place for understanding how to audit data? Is there gonna be ways, is Cisco gonna help me cut through which service providers are capable, which ones aren't capable? That's the biggest thing is they wanna do it, but there's still some fear and uncertainty going on. So I definitely agree. I think we're making progress, hopefully getting past the definitions. Cloud's taken a couple of body blows recently. Huge body blows. Amazon, PlayStation, some of the other things. So our customers, I mean, security and management have always been the discussion points of what's maybe holding us back. So, you know, what about these recent issues? I think it's gonna be two things, right?  If you were not on the bleeding edge, it's scaring you a little bit, or at least it's making you say, okay, what's gonna happen out there? You know, they're really trying to figure out, they may not have used Amazon before, but now they're really trying to figure out, like what are those guys doing in case I find out that my developers are using it? The other thing is, and I think this is more sort of the Clotorati or the public cloud side, those guys are having to take a hard look at themselves and figure out, how do I not make this happen? Is it better transparency so developers know what they're doing? Is it better process so that these things don't happen? And you know, Amazon's outage, I think we're all a little bit cautious to jump on the bandwagon and beat it up because it happens, you know, and I think we'll learn from it. And you know, what we may end up finding is we may end up finding that they drive more and more business because people realize that's an opportunity, it's out there, they moved quickly and they want it, they want to go experiment with it. I think we'll see a lot of more enterprise experiment with Amazon to figure out where it goes. Okay, so Brian, how's the relationship between the network and the storage guys working these days? So I've talked a lot about convergence for like the last four years. And you got the storage team and you got the network team and a lot of times they don't like to even talk to each other at the company picnic. So are we making any progress? What's happening to roles in the enterprise today? So you're right, yeah. The convergence story is always a little challenging because first and foremost, we talk about technology, we talk about protocols, you've talked about FCOE and convergence and I SCSI forever. At the end of the day, it's about people. And I think what we're seeing in more of the medium-sized shops, so with our product, the Cisco UCS, the medium-sized shops, those guys have less huge challenge in trying to blur the lines between them and they tend to be a lot of the early adopter customers because for them, they can see immediate value. For the really big shops, it's still a challenge and it's more a challenge of kind of the FC to FC conversion as it is just, can I start moving down this converge path? I don't know exactly what that tipping point's going to be. I think a lot of times Cisco tends to use the analogy that it's like when we were in the voiceover IP market and the data and the voice guys got together.  It was annoying. When data starts failing or data starts getting corrupted, that's a whole different. Big difference between I can't lose my website versus that $10 million bank transaction. I gotta find that. So there's some work there and I don't think it's so much, I don't think it's so much a cross price point. I think it's going to be some people, I think what we'll end up seeing, because we're seeing probably 30, 35% attach rate for FCOE today, right? Across all of the UCS sales and so I think what we're probably seeing is people starting to experiment, figuring out how does that operationally work and as they feel comfortable with it, starting to migrate more of it. But yeah, you're right. It's still out there. The needle hasn't moved as much as quickly as we'd want it to. Yeah, it's interesting. When we look at kind of the whole block discussion, there's ice guzzy, there's fiber channel, there's FCOE and we're seeing convergence. I mean fiber channel and ethernet, I've been talking for the last couple of years as they're coming together. Cisco has unified ports now on the UCS so that it's not, I choose one protocol and I'm stuck with it forever, but I can actually change as my needs move on. So here's my question, right? So the Icelon guys had huge kind of presence here. All the growth, or people talk about all the growth is in unstructured data. Those guys fundamentally are sort of doing converged storage, right? It's over ethernet. Do you see, and I'll ask you, I'm being the interviewer, do you see those guys, because of what they're doing being so much bigger in a lot of cases, driving the big data explosion or driving new things, maybe being the catalyst for pushing things towards more convergence over ethernet or is that not the case? Well, so I think we're different applications. So as we like to say at Wikibon, it's horses for courses. So absolutely we see a huge growth in unstructured, semi-structured content and that's where big data is really playing today. So look at a green plum appliance, it's not a sand, it's gas, it's two-U Intel servers, put in a rack, processing and compute is where it's at. Yeah, pivot off of that a little bit. I guess EMC had Project Lightning talking about that they announced, talking about putting flash in the server and some are like, oh geez, EMC's moving towards the server, are they going to sell servers? I don't believe that's the case, but where they do sell servers is with partnering with Cisco and through VCE. So have any thoughts about kind of where flash is going with servers? So I think, I was listening pretty intently, a couple of weeks ago, there was a conference called Structure, so it was about big data. And the one thing that I kept hearing over and over again from the data scientists and the companies that were driving that was this, I've got to, instead of bringing the data to the network, it was I've got to bring basically the network and the compute to the data. And so whether or not EMC drives a stronger partnership with Cisco in this space around compute, we've got some pretty interesting compute platforms around tons of memory and obviously footprint for flash. I think the thing that I'm seeing more from EMC than ever before is this thing that they know, they sort of seeing these trends happen and they're starting to push that envelope. So I got to think project lightning, what we saw this week is just the tip of the iceberg. I got to imagine they're trying to push use cases and whether they get in the server business, they partner to get in the server business, or ultimately a year from now, this becomes a motherboard feature for Intel. I think what they're trying to do is say, big data is a thing, I've got to solve certain problems and I commend them for trying to push that envelope. I think it's less about are they going to get into a market, is are they making it easier for the guys that can drive money out of it, right? Yeah, interesting, maybe it's an orthogonal piece, but when I think of bringing data, bringing the content, the processing power to where the content is, I think about what we do at Wikibon is we want to bring the information to the community and allow them to work on it. And when I think about just creating more content and more information, you got into the podcasting business recently. Yeah, I'm in the media business now. Yeah, so welcome to, you've been a blogger for how many years now, Brian? Been a blogger for, I don't know, three or four years now. Okay, and can you tell us a little bit about the podcast you're doing with Aaron? Yeah, so myself and one of the guys from VCE, VExpert named Aaron Delp, we were sort of active bloggers, sort of active in the virtualization community and so many times we would get together after work, we'd get together over drinks or something and we'd be talking about cloud computing and there's so much that's changing in that space, the things about different sort of application platforms, different sort of business models and we flat-out said, you know, there is so much we don't know, we were talking one day and we said we should do a podcast, not to sort of jump on the podcast idea because it's cool to do, we said, what we'll do is you and I will basically call people that we know are smarter than us, that are in spaces that we don't really know, so whether it's platform as a service, how to do development, object-based storage, wherever it goes, call those folks up, we'll sort of do it in podcast format, we'll try and keep it interesting and then we'll give it back to the community, so is it wildly commercially successful? No, oh and by the way, it's called thecloudcast.net, it's at thecloudcast.net as a plug, but we're having fun with it and we're finding out that it's just like every other community, there's people, even though it's competitive, there's businesses, people want to share, they like talking about what they're doing and we try and find people that are actually doing stuff as opposed to the evangelist guys and it's been fun, so you know, we've been doing it for a couple of months, we're not that far into it. Right, so not just people talking about it, I notice you haven't had me on yet, but. We'll have you on soon. All right, no, thanks, I mean that's fundamentally what we look at the cube, the cube is just curating that information, getting smart people like yourself in there, sharing it with the community, getting it out there, because I think those of us that really live in the technology world, that's what gets our geek going. That's what we should be doing and we love having people that literally are on the bleeding edge and they may be religious about it, they may have made a decision that two years from now ends up being a non-standard, but at least you give somebody some motivation to go, that can be done and that's usually a big key. Hey, you know, a little controversy is a good thing, so having good constructive dialogue, arguing viewpoints without being dogmatic, I think are very good, you know, it's not, you know, cloud is not one definition. No.  Fabric, yes. Networking space, Cisco has a fabric technology out now with the Matterhorn release last month. You know, what's your take on fabric? So our take on fabric is basically because of all this convergence or at least the potential for the convergence between compute, between network, the networks being kind of rebuilt or sort of reevaluated from hard layer three boundaries to more flat layer two boundaries or a mixture. Our definition of fabric tends to be that intersection between storage, between compute and between network and really trying to show customers that it's not a, it's not a rip and replace. It's not a, it's not a completely brand new thing because most of our customers, we see they're saying, look, I've got a mix of legacy applications, client server, north and south kind of traffic flows, virtualization is a big part of where I'm going. And I don't know, I might be going the big data route that they're completely parallel, you know, east and west traffic. And they're saying, look, I need, A, I need something that's going to help me through those transitions, which Cisco feels like we've got a pretty good story in that space around the Nexus platform or on UCS and so forth. But they're also saying, I need something that is going to allow me to make these transitions as I move along and both in terms of technology but also for people because that becomes the challenging piece. So what we've tried to build into the platform is the ability to say, if you want to sort of do things still in the legacy ways or the siloed ways you can do that, it's there, you can spin it, you can pull off fiber channel, you can, you know, run the servers in bare metal mode. But if you want to get into a much more unified mode, a much more converged mode, the capabilities are built into the technology. So you can virtualize the platforms, you can virtualize the network, you want to go flat layer two in spaces, that's fine. You want to go hierarchical layer three, that's fine. And for us, we feel like we're the only guys that are really doing that. We've been doing it for a couple of years. You know, some of our competition have come along all of a sudden and kind of usurped that term. But in most cases, those guys are completely new boxes, never really been in this space at scale. And so we feel like we're in a pretty good position even though right now there's a lot of buzz about, you know, do everything different, do everything new. Yeah, it's an interesting dilemma for Cisco. As, you know, I quoted last month when I wrote our article about the recent launch. Cisco guy, I'm trying to remember the guy's name, wrote the book, you know, doing both.  How do I take from my legacy environment to my legacy processes? But I want to be innovative, I want to change things. I don't want to spend 70% of my time, you know, maintaining and keeping the lights on.   So that's always the challenge. I mean, if in a perfect world, and this is why people are always drawn to startups, right? I don't want any legacy. I don't want any baggage. I just want to do the fun new stuff. And the reality is if that was really the case, you would see people flocking to public cloud like nobody's business because you could only focus on that. You could be like Netflix, right? You just completely change it. And the reality is, you know, most folks have got that legacy baggage and we call it baggage, but that's the stuff that makes people money, right? That's the stuff that processes their payments and builds stuff. So I want to get your opinion on something. So when I think about when private cloud started or when fabric started, I mean, when I dialed the clock back four or five years ago, you know, virtual data centers, next generation data centers, I feel a lot of it's kind of the same things we've been talking about. You know, I mean, you know, I'll talk to my friends back from the mainframe days. You know, there's nothing new under the sun. So how much of this is kind of incremental steps along the path that we've been going and how much of this is truly a revolution? You know, this is the new internet. This is the cloud era. You know, I think there's two things. I always joke around, I call something Grace Lee's theorem, which is basically 99% of all new stuff isn't anything new. It's just there's more bandwidth and there's more CPU processing. So you're right. A lot of this stuff is ideas that people had before that maybe didn't, the timing was wrong, the technology wasn't quite there. You know, I think from an infrastructure perspective, from where Cisco's playing, this is really just, it's an evolution. It's that next step of where are we going? It's, you know, I've got to be able to deal with mobile devices and mobile users and people want to, you know, they've got upgrades and bandwidth. I think some of the stuff that is sort of revolutionary and we haven't totally figured out the business models that go with it, is this idea of sort of these open platforms of service, right? So Paul talked about Cloud Foundry. You know, Red Hat made an announcement last week about, I think they call it Cloud Forms. The idea, and I think customers are really interested in this, the idea that they say, I can write applications to platforms, which they've been able to do forever, whether it was Ruby or Java or whatever. But I now have the portability to say, if I want to run it in-house, fantastic. And I think we'll see that a lot in these open paths. But, you know, if I want to partner with somebody and do that in service, that I think is pretty, pretty radical. Right? You know, I love in the innovation circles, they say it's the power of old ideas, is what they said. So there might not be nothing new, but there's new opportunities. So at the Stratoconference, Scott Yorah said, you know, if I can have, you know, 100x the compute, you know, and 100%, you know, I'm 100 times more compute and 100 times more storage when I put it in the cloud just, wow, there's some really amazing economies of scales and things, what new can I do with that? Yeah, and that's what's pretty exciting. And that's the fun question, just what could I do if I knocked down the barriers? It's not that, you know, the iPads mobile and light, it's like the touch interface kind of changes the way I can interact and do things. And I have some new opportunities there. It's funny, Chuck Hollis, I think had a tweet this morning where he basically was talking about Paul's keynote and he said, you know, I wish I was 20 years younger or 30 years younger and I was a brand new developer because this stuff is very cool. The interesting thing to us, and this is one of the things that Aaron and I talk about on the cloudcast all the time, is you've got this huge ecosystem of people with skills that have done things, maybe not traditionally, but they understand hierarchies, they understand traditional storage and compute and so forth. I was out at the OpenStack conference a couple of weeks ago and the thing that overwhelmed me was, you almost had to completely turn off your brain, forget everything you knew for a lot of these new models, whether it was like object storage or ways to design high availability that was only based on software and nothing in the infrastructure. And whether that ends up panning out or not, I think there's going to be a new generation of kids who will be talking to them and their perceptions of what you have to do versus what we've learned over the last 10, 15, 20 years, we're going to be like, I don't even know what language you're talking about, I don't know what planet you're from, which one's going to win, I'm not sure, but that stuff's pretty exciting. It's making a lot of people go, how do I learn this, how do I make sure I don't get left behind? Right, so OpenStack and Cloud Foundry, competitive to each other, complimentary, I'm trying to tease that out a little bit and they're both really new, so I'm curious your thoughts on that. I think at a really high level, you look at them as being complimentary. OpenStack is trying to figure out how to basically build the plumbing and the infrastructure and I think Cloud Foundry's trying to bigger applications and up. The challenge I think that's going to happen over time and this will be interesting to see how VMware drives this, how the rack space and Citrix Community Drive OpenStack is. You know, in every management transition, when we're seeing this in orchestration for private cloud is, you start in one space and then either customers start driving you to say, we'll do some more, blur the line between infrastructure as a service and platform as a service. But they're both interesting because they're both open source and fundamentally, if you talk to a lot of paying customers, they go the reason I buy from traditional vendor X, Y, or Z, technology might matter, it's support, right? I want to know I can call those guys and so it'll be interesting if we start getting this massive bifurcation between the startups and the totally new business models and traditional companies and if the two of them end up merging together. So, I mean, we were discussing earlier, kind of, you know, it's all about really the value that's created and how customers can get supported. So, I've been railing recently about, everybody trying to say who's opener from a standard standpoint or who has better open source. So, I mean, at the end of the day, how much do customers care about that? I mean, they want solutions that work, that solve their business problems and they will pay to have those kinds of solutions. So, it'll be interesting. I think if you're a customer right now and you're pretty open and you're innovative, the value that just fell into your lap between some of these open things is pretty amazing, right? I mean, you've got either pricing leverage that maybe you didn't have before but you've got the ability to go create some stuff. You know, the other thing that'll be interesting is, you know, EMC and the first day Joe announced or Pat announced, you know, they're going to start bundling Hadoop as an appliance. So, it'll be interesting to see if that model where you're taking a lot of these open source stacks, these open source projects, is there just a basic layer of companies like Cisco, like, you know, EMC, like VMware, packaging some of these things. So, customers go, great, I know it'll work. And at a basic level, I know it'll work and I want the openness. I don't know, we'll see how that works out. But, you know, that may just be the tipping point of where this stuff goes. All right, so this Stu Miniman with Wikibon, here with Brian Gracely from Cisco, EMC World 2011 in Las Vegas. Final question for you, Brian. You bet. Seen any cool new technologies? What's melted your mind the most here at the show? You know, I think the thing that's melted my mind more than anything is, you know, I've got a pretty good relationship with Chad's guys, the Chad's Armies, the V Specialist. What that team was able to build, completely distributed team, was able to build 300 seat, 200 seat, 25 lab, all those labs, all that automation done from scratch. The thing that was really kind of blew my mind is, all that was done based on open APIs. So, open APIs from EMC and from Cisco and from VMware to sort of plug us. But the fact that those guys were able to do that, do it in a distributed manner, it wasn't one guy or one team. That's a pretty powerful, like what you could do if you're willing to make the right sort of, like that, more than any individual product is sort of, you know, blown my mind to maybe look at things kind of differently. Awesome. Well, hey, Brian, thank you so much for joining us back here in theCUBE.


In 1937, Amelia Earhart disappeared while attempting a circumnavigation flight around the globe, and the mystery of what happened has only gotten crazier over time. Every couple of years, new, quote-unquote, evident surfaces. Stories range from her surviving and living on an island somewhere to her being captured and held in a Japanese POW camp forced to read propaganda messages during the Second World War to living under an assumed name as a housewife in New Jersey. But why exactly are we so obsessed with the idea that there is more to her story than a simple plane crash? In a word, branding. Hello, everyone. I'm Amy. If you're new here, welcome to the vintage space. If you are a regular viewer, welcome back. Today we are going to take a deep dive into the legend of Amelia Earhart. By way of a lightning-fast introduction, Amelia Earhart was an aviatrix flying in the 1920s and 1930s, a time when women pilots were so rare, they often gained notoriety among pilots just for flying. But Amelia found fame outside flying circles as the first woman to cross the Atlantic in 1928. Overnight, she became a household name. I started to think more critically about Amelia's status when writing Fighting for Space. Amelia's in here. She and Jackie Cochran, my main aviatrix, were extremely close friends. We'll get into that in a little bit. But it struck me that Jackie had a much more decorated career, and yet she's far less remembered by the wider public. Why is that? Amelia, at the end of the day, had such a brilliantly manufactured image, such that, when she disappeared, she was perfectly poised to become the enduring legend that she is. So let's see exactly how that happened. In May of 1927, Charles Limburg made history with the first non-stop trans-Atlantic solo flight from New York to Paris. It was a sometimes harrowing 33 and a half hour journey in the spirit of St. Louis that turned an unknown airmail pilot into a romantic hero overnight. In short order, Charles Limburg sold his story to publisher George Palmer Putnam. The memoir, titled We, chronicled the pilot's early life leading to the trans-Atlantic flight and sold more than 650,000 copies. Limburg earned more than $250,000 from the book, which is about three and a half million today, and became a household name. At the same time, George Putnam gained the reputation of a star maker. Not long after, and very much inspired by Limburg's daring feat, American Steel Eris, an aviation enthusiast, Amy Phipps guest, set out to prove that a woman could make the flight too. She was reasonably well positioned to score this first for women. She had considerable wealth behind her and was married to the right honorable Frederick guest, who was a member of the British Parliament, an international polo player, and the former British Air Minister. Amy leased a Fokker Trimotor plane and had every intention of making the flight herself, but was forced to abandon the plan when her family raised concerns. Amy had wealth and means, but she was not a pilot. Her original plan dashed. Amy came up with an alternative solution, use her wealth to sponsor the first woman to make the flight. That way, she wouldn't have to take any risk, but she would still have her name associated with the feat. Now, the challenge was finding the right candidate before some other woman beat her to the punch. There was a rumor going around at the time that a Miss Mabel Mibbs bowl was eyeing that transatlantic goal. To help find the right woman, Amy hired the star maker, George Putnam. Amy told George who she wanted as the woman on this flight. She wanted an American woman who knew how to fly, someone educated, someone with manners who would fit in with English society types, and someone physically active and attractive. If this woman bore even the slightest resemblance to Charles Limburg, all the better. But more than anything, this woman had to be a lady of true womanhood. So this was the woman George Putnam was charged with finding in the late 1920s, and it was a bit of a tall order. Women had fewer opportunities than men for education, and women pilots in particular were rare. This woman was going to be a proverbial needle in a haystack. Born on July 24th, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, Amelia was raised by her railroad lawyer father and heiress mother. It was her mother's family money that afforded Amelia the opportunity to attend the Augant School in Ridell, Pennsylvania in the late 1910s. But she left one semester shy of graduation to serve as a Red Cross nurse in the First World War in Toronto, Canada. It was here she was introduced to flying, watching the Royal Flying Corps training at an airfield in Toronto. Post-war and back in the United States, Amelia enrolled as a pre-med student at Columbia University, and more significantly, took her first plane ride in December of 1920 with World War I pilot Frank Hawks in California. With just one ride, she was hooked. A month later, Amelia began taking flying lessons from Netta Snook while working as a filing clerk at the Los Angeles Telephone Company to pay for the sessions. Before the end of the year, she'd earned her pilot's license, become the first woman to earn a license from the Fédération Aeronautique Internationale, but a second-hand yellow Kinra Areser she called the Canary and had flown in her first exhibition at the Sierra Aero Drome in Pasadena, California. Professionally, Amelia didn't stick with medicine and she didn't pursue a career as a pilot either. Instead, she stayed true to her passion for helping people with a career in social work. Without any prior experience, she was hired as a social worker at Denison House in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1925, a settlement house that predominantly served immigrants and the poor with a focus on offering guidance to girls and young women. Amelia threw herself into her work and before long was appointed head of adult education programs, running classes and sometimes organizing clubs for neighborhood women. She, meanwhile, flew as an avocation as often as time and finances would allow, even though it wasn't her primary work, she did manage to make a name for herself with a handful of records. Her first she secured in 1922, when she became the first woman to fly solo above 14,000 feet. That might seem like an odd record, but recall that there were so few women flying at the time there were plenty of female firsts she could achieve. As the 1910s wore on, Amelia racked up just a few hundred hours in small planes, but she made good use of those hours. On rare occasions, she was able to marry her passion for her work with her love of flying. During one benefit for Denison House, she flew overhead, dazzling the crowd and making headlines. Amelia was at Denison House one afternoon in early 1928, when someone called wanting to speak to her. Surrounded as she was by children rushing in for games and classes, she brushed off the call. When the messenger told her the man on the phone said it was very important, she relented and went to the phone. The voice on the other end belonged to New York Times correspondent Hilton H. Rayleigh, calling on behalf of George Palmer Putnam. He asked her if she would like to fly across the Atlantic. Without hesitation, she answered yes. Days later, Amelia met with George and learned he had been tasked with finding a suitable feminine flyer for the transatlantic flight crew. This woman would be accompanying two male pilots on the flight. Intrigued as she was at the prospect of crossing the Atlantic, she was quite put off by George. She didn't like him. He was brusque and left her feeling somehow discomforted. And the whole business of the transatlantic flight felt odd. She went through multiple rounds of interviews and not much of it seemed concerned with her flying background. She was instead acutely aware that they were looking for a woman rather than a pilot, and that if she lacked any specific trait, she wouldn't get the flight. But at the same time, if she was too gallant or outgoing, the men she'd be flying with might be inspired to get rid of her by punting her from the plane and letting her drown. Finally, the verdict came back. Amelia had the right attributes. The flight was hers if she wanted it, which she did. After weeks of preparation and days of delays, the plane christened friendship lifted off from Trepesee Harbor in Newfoundland on the eastern coast of Canada. Co-pilot Wilmer Bill Stoltz and Louis Slim Gordon did the flying while Amelia kept a log of the trip. When the trio landed at Burry Port, South Wales after 20 hours and 40 minutes in the air, Amelia was the one making headlines. Thanks to George Putnam. As he had done with Charles Lindbergh, George published Amelia's story as a memoir. The book 20 Hours, 40 Minutes, captivated readers. Amelia became America's newest romantic heroine, even though, by her own admission, she'd been a passenger aboard friendship and about as useful as a sack of potatoes. Nevertheless, her celebrity grew in the months and years that followed, thanks in large part to George's aggressive promotion. She toured in support of her book and gave speeches across the country. And before long, sponsors came in spades.  Her penchant for masculine inspired clothing, which was very vogue in the 1920s, coupled with her slight resemblance to Charles Lindbergh, earned her the moniker of Lady Lindy. Amelia became synonymous with the idea of female flyers, and eventually a business unto herself. But true to her passion for service, she sought to use her fame for good. Among her most enduring acts was founding the 99s in 1929, a sorority of female pilots so named because there were 99 licensed women aviators present at its creation. The whole ecosystem around Amelia now allowed her to fly full-time. Endorsements funded further flights, and George organized her routes to make sure any stops doubled as publicity appearances. He was her promoter, booking agent, manager, publisher, and in 1931 became her husband. It wasn't until 1932, though, that Amelia actually achieved the feat she'd become famous for. Three years after sitting as a passenger on a transatlantic flight, and after all the fame, she finally crossed the Atlantic Ocean alone. I mentioned earlier that I started really digging into Amelia because of her friendship with Jackie, so let's do a quick introduction to another notable aviatrix. Jackie Cochran, whose backstory is detailed in Fighting for Space, learned to fly as an adult in 1932. She quickly became a known name in flying circles with some help from the man in her life. Her beau at the time, whom she'd marry in 1936, was Floyd Bostwick Odom, the wealthy financier. Where Amelia had sponsors funding her flights, Jackie had Floyd. His financial support enabled her to achieve some incredible feats. In 1934, Jackie was the first woman to enter the MacArthur race from England to Australia, but she was forced to withdraw for technical reasons in Bucharest, Romania. Jackie was a known name, but hadn't yet secured any records or significant accolades. In her personal life, Jackie and Floyd were living between their growing ranch house in Indio, California and their apartment in Manhattan. Jackie was in her Manhattan apartment one day in 1935 when the phone rang. It was her friend Paul Hammond inviting her to dinner and inviting her to meet a very special guest, Amelia Earhart. Jackie walked into the Hammond's dining room that evening and finally met the woman whose fame she so envied. The two women were opposites in a lot of ways. While Amelia was tall, slim, good-looking, and formally educated, Jackie was nine years younger, shorter, had a fuller figure, and remained incredibly self-conscious that her own formal schooling had stopped after the second grade. While naturally quiet, Amelia preferred addressing crowds from behind a podium, Jackie craved being at the center of attention. Despite their outward differences, Jackie and Amelia quickly realized that they were very like-minded women. They were the emancipated daughters of the sucker-jets, the first generation of women for whom having a career and having a husband weren't mutually exclusive. Career freedom had imbued both women with a feeling that the whole world was open to them, aided by the men in their lives who facilitated their flying rather than resenting them for their public success. And they were both successful in the male-dominant world of flying. They even dressed alike, often eschewing dresses for slacks, though each was still very feminine in her unique way. The two pilots immediately became fast friends. Not long after that first meeting, Jackie and Amelia met for lunch, and soon after that, Amelia invited Jackie to fly west to California with her in her brand-new Lockheed Electra. The trip was beset by weather delays, but far from breeding tensions, the extra time together cemented Jackie and Amelia's friendship, and even revealed an almost magical rapport. Their conversations ran the gamut from politics to religion to science to personal matters. They discovered their flying strengths were complementary rather than competitive. Amelia favored distance records while Jackie was in pursuit of speed challenges. They even found they had a shared interest in extrasensory perception. As a quick sidebar, Amelia commemorated the flight with a gift. She gave Jackie a copy of her book, The Fun of It, inscribed in memory of an electrician across the continent. That book is now part of my own personal collection. Okay, let's get back to the interesting ESP aspects of their friendship. Jackie and Floyd first got into the world of psychic phenomena after meeting Duke parapsychologist Dr. J.B. Ryan at a dinner party. After the meal, Dr. Ryan produced a set of playing cards and asked each of the guests to sense which card he was holding without seeing its face. It was meant to be some fun entertainment, but when Jackie was able to guess the right card every time, Floyd became fascinated. The couple played around with Jackie's psychic abilities, particularly the phenomenon of automatic writing, wherein she'd let her mind relax until words flowed through her and she wrote with abandon, with no memory of thinking about what she was writing. With Amelia, Jackie explored using her extrasensory perception to find airplane crash victims. Amelia was at the Cochrane-Odlam Ranch in India one night when she and Jackie heard a news report on the radio about a missing plane en route to Salt Lake City from Los Angeles. Amelia asked Jackie to focus on the plane to see if she could sense where it might be. Jackie gave Amelia bits and pieces of what she saw in her mind's eye, a sight of a mountain, peaks in the distance, road, transmission lines. Being a pilot, she saw these landmarks as though from the air, and after conferring with a friend who knew the area well, pinpointed where she felt the wreckage might be. Amelia then drove back to Los Angeles and jumped into her own plane looking for survivors in the spot from Jackie's vision. But when she reached the transmission lines by the road with the mountain peaks in the distance, there was no sign of a plane. Both Jackie and Amelia were crestfallen until spring came. When the snow in the mountains melted, the wreckage was discovered two miles from where Jackie had seen it. Jackie's intuition proved strong with aircraft, and in particular with Amelia's planes. One night while she and Floyd were driving into Palm Springs from the ranch, she was hit with a flashing vision of a fire in one of the engines in Amelia's plane. She saw that it wasn't serious and that ground crews were already dousing the blaze. Later that night, she and Floyd heard the news of Amelia's fire on the radio. The next morning's newspapers held the full account, and it lined up with Jackie's vision. Jackie and Amelia's friendship deepened over time. Professionally, they supported one another. They worked to open all male races to women and became the first two female pilots to fly in the Bendix Transcontinental Air Race in 1935. Personally, Amelia became one of the most frequent house guests at the Cochrane-Odlem Ranch. Often, she arrived alone, staying one of Jackie's many guest houses, spending her day swimming or riding horses before joining the rotating cast of Jackie and Floyd's notable friends for dinner in the main house. On the rare occasion, Amelia arrived when her hosts were out of town, she would stay in Jackie's own bedroom, and intimacy never afforded any other guest. Even Floyd became close friends with Amelia. The only thing Jackie didn't like about Amelia was her husband, George Putnam. Jackie viewed George as a mean and manipulative man who saw his wife with his meal ticket. She didn't like that all of Amelia's roots were dictated by media stops George set up and refused to change. It gave Jackie the impression that George valued Amelia's celebrity more than her safety. In social situations, he openly berated her manners in front of their friends. On one occasion, Jackie grew so tired of George embarrassing his wife in public that she hurled an ashtray at his head. In early 1937, George was working on his latest idea for Amelia, an east to west circumnavigation around the equator. Half a dozen men had done it already, but Amelia would be the first woman. The whole thing worried Jackie. She knew Amelia was a good flyer, but also knew her limitations. Circumnavigation was a weeks long endeavor that demanded complicated and precise stellar navigation while flying over vast bodies of water. And navigation wasn't Amelia's strong suit. She would be wholly dependent on a higher guide. And Jackie was very concerned that if the guide failed, Amelia wouldn't be able to correct the error to save herself. Amelia's circumnavigation got off to a poor start with a crash in Hawaii that aborted the rest of the attempt. Shaken but unhurt, she went right to Jackie's Indio Ranch when she got back to the mainland. That night, sitting on the floor of Jackie's living room in front of the cavernous fireplace, Amelia recounted the crash to Jackie and their close friends Mike and Benny Howard, a pair of married pilots. The group discussed whether Amelia would try the flight again, but even she didn't know if she would make another attempt. The question was still on Amelia's mind days later when she and Floyd went out for a drive around the property and got stuck in the desert sand in an old car. As they waited for help to come dig them out, Amelia turned to Floyd and asked whether she should do it. He thought she meant dig the car out herself, but she meant the circumnavigation. Floyd told her, if you are doing this to keep your place at the top among women in aviation, you're wasting your time and taking a big risk for nothing. No one can topple you from your pinnacle. But if you are doing it for the adventure and because you simply want to do it, then no one else ought to advise you. As an interesting nod to their friendship, Amelia dedicated her last book, which was published posthumously, to Floyd. Amelia finally decided she'd make another attempt. She did crave the adventure, but decided it would be her last. She would retire from distance journeys after the circumnavigation. Amelia turned to the rant weeks later armed with new plans. She and Jackie, who was helping finance this last great adventure, jumped into the details. The things had changed. At George's insistence, Amelia's flight path had been reversed. She would now be flying from west to east. A route no pilot had taken before. The two women poured over every detail of the route. At Jackie's urging, Amelia hired a new navigator, Fred Newton, after her original pick had proved unable to navigate by the stars. But Jackie remained uneasy, particularly about the final leg. Flying in 1937 meant none of the navigational aids we have now. There was no GPS network, and though there were radio signals pilots could pick up from beacons, contact was only available within a certain range of an airport or beacon. There were areas of the country where there was no radio signal to follow at all, forcing pilots to rely on maps. But there was nothing when flying over long stretches of ocean, and without any landmarks, pilot had to look at the sun's position during the day and the stars at night to orient themselves and make sure they were on the right path. If they couldn't, this vital job fell to the navigator, who was expected to be an expert in stellar navigation. So the final leg. The proposed route had Amelia leaving lay airfield in New Guinea for Howland Island, a spot nearly 2,000 miles southwest of Honolulu, where the Department of the Interior had built her a landing strip. It was her last planned stop before traversing the rest of the Pacific Ocean and landing in California. But it was a tiny island to find. If Amelia was off course at all, she'd miss her only safe landing spot for hundreds of miles. Jackie was terrified and told Amelia, you're not going to see that damned island. I wish you wouldn't go off and commit suicide because that's exactly what you're going to do. As a last ditch effort for safety, and because Amelia would be out of radio range over the oceans, the women decided to see if Jackie's ESP could help, if she could track Amelia in the air and see where she was in case something happened. So they ran a test. Jackie kept a detailed log as Amelia and George flew across the country. As the trip wore on, Jackie saw that everything was fine, but that Amelia landed in Blackwell, Oklahoma one night, 50 miles away from her planned stopover point. The next morning, she felt Amelia take off at 9 o'clock for Los Angeles. When the women compared notes, George was quick to poke holes in Jackie's account. Yes, Amelia had landed in Blackwell, but she'd left Oklahoma at 7 o'clock, not 9. Jackie calmly pointed out that she, unlike he, understood the concept of time zones. On June 1, 1937, Amelia took off from Oakland, California. Jackie followed the reports, tracking Amelia across the United States, to the northern tip of South America, across Africa, India, to Australia, and finally New Guinea. When news reached America that Amelia hadn't reported in from Howlin Island, Jackie had a powerful intuition about her friend's fate. It was just like when she and Amelia had focused on finding crash sites. Concentrating hard, Jackie could see Amelia in her mind's eye, floating along in the ocean on the wreckage. Saw that she was fine, but that Fred Noonan had hit his head and was in bad shape. Jackie's vision of Amelia persisted for three days before the feeling faded. When the image of Amelia vanished, Jackie went to church and let a candle for her friend's soul, which she knew had gone off on a journey of its own. The scant data from Amelia's flight more or less lines up with Jackie's vision. So, let's take a quick look at what we know. There was a plan in place for Amelia to talk to a Coast Guard ship, the Itasca, which would guide her to Howlin Island. But whether they were on the wrong frequency or if Amelia lost her antenna, there's no concrete evidence Amelia ever received any signals from the guide ship. But the Itasca heard her. Amelia's signal grew stronger as she got closer to Howlin Island. At one point so strong, the ship's operator thought she might be right overhead. But she was nowhere to be seen. The messages continued coming in, growing increasingly frantic. We must be on you but cannot see you, she radioed. Gas is running low. Her last message said she was flying on a line 157 southeast and 337 northwest, but didn't say where she was heading. Then silence. The Itasca went out in search of the wreckage and was soon joined by the battleship Colorado and the aircraft carrier Lexington. Airborne searchers joined too, but no one saw any debris or indication of a downed plane. The simplest explanation is that she crashed and sank. This fits with rescue ships not knowing exactly where she was when contact was lost, as well as Jackie seeing her floating before finally feeling her soul slip away. But the lack of tangible evidence, coupled with her status as the foremost woman flyer, has opened the story to tantalizing possibilities. The world was following her progress, so of course the world wanted a definite answer as to what happened. When no firm answer surfaced, the world started putting forth its own theories. People have poured over Amelia's flight plan, matching known technical specifications for the Electra like distance flown on a full tank, with logs saying this climb took longer than anticipated or these headwinds took this much of a toll on her ability to cover a certain distance. Expeditions have been mounted to look for debris at various calculated potential crash sites and the sea floor has been mapped with sonar, revealing no sign of the plane. Researchers have tried to map pieces of metals found near the area, with the same model of Electra Amelia was flying, matching rivet holes to try and prove this piece of metal is from her plane. Others have looked for evidence on land. Gardner Island, which is now called Nukuma Roro and part of the Republic of Kiribati, is a spot on which some people think she might have washed up and survived for some length of time. Still, other people have found records of messages supposedly from Amelia heard well after and far away from the supposed crash site, suggesting she did make it much further than Howlin Island. But then there are theories that her radio signals were prerecorded by a sound alike and the messages from her plane weren't really her at all, and instead she landed at Buka, almost 2,000 miles west of her planned route. This fed into a theory that she was on a secret government mission and somewhat into the even stranger theory that her crash was planned so the U.S. Navy in searching for her remains could map the area without arousing suspicion. It didn't take long for her status as a legend to be cemented. Books have been written about Amelia and what happened on her flight, and my favorite incarnation might be the 1943 film Flight to Freedom. It was based theoretically on a screenplay George Putnam wrote about his wife's final flight and produced by R.K.O. Pictures, which Floyd and Jackie owned. The star, Rosalind Russell, was also a good friend of Jackie's. Which ties nicely into where this topic started for me. It's interesting that Amelia wasn't as good or as decorated a pilot as Jackie, who held more records than any pilot of the 20th century when she died, but her legacy is so much bigger. Granted, Jackie had more years in which to break barriers and records than Amelia, not to mention she had the benefit of flying in the early jet age, which allowed her to secure records at a unique time in aviation's history. Nevertheless, it got me thinking about why Amelia's legacy has been so much more enduring than her friends. If Amelia had been a nobody, far fewer people would care when she disappeared. An unknown pilot dying taking on a big record flight would probably only garner mild news coverage, especially in 1937 I'd say. Aviation was still so new that danger was part of the job. It almost wouldn't have been surprising, but Amelia's celebrity status, so carefully curated and maintained by George, gave her disappearance an almost romantic mystique. Within a year of her flying over the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger, Amelia was a known name, already considered a trailblazer and an icon for women seeking to break the mold. She and George, if you don't know about Jackie's opinion, seemed like the ultimate power couple. Amelia, the first really famous female flyer, was a unique celebrity in a lot of ways, and that makes her disappearing without a trace that much more interesting. It's like Floyd told her. No one could topple her from her position as the foremost female flyer, and she still looked at as the first really notable woman in aviation. We want to know what happened to finally put a definitive bookend on the story of one of history's more recognizable figures. But the strangest thing about the fascination with Amelia is that it's still going. If she was still alive, she would be 123 years old right now. It's wild that interest in her fate didn't peak with, say, the centennial of her birth in 1997, but instead continues to inspire new and very clickbaity articles, always claiming some new evidence that will finally put the story to rest. At the end of the day, I think her association as the best female pilot, coupled with the lack of any hard evidence, will mean we will never lose interest. It's going to be something like the Bermuda Triangle or Atlantis, more myth than anything, and myths endure more than anything. If you'd like to learn more about Jackie Cochran, fighting for space is out now. She's the main figure, but the book is really a dual biography of Jackie and Jerry Cobb, culminating in their budding heads over the question of women astronauts in the early 1960s. I've got a handy link for you to order it down in the description. And that's going to do it for me for today, guys. I want to thank you all so much for watching, and I'll see you next time.


To begin with, I have the privilege to invite to the podium Dr. Salim Haq, Chair of the Center for Advanced Study, also the Director of the International Center for Climate Change and Development. Dr. Haq will be speaking on CPA 8 Reflections and the way forward. Thank you very much. Good morning. Salam Aleikum. I am the Honorable Deputy Prime Minister, Dr. Prakash Mansingh, Mr. Leela Mani Padgyal, Chief Secretary of the Department of Health, Dr. Krishna Padgyal, Secretary of the Ministry of Science and Ethnology, Cristiano Figueres, the Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, I'm in the movement, Director of IIEP London and Dr. Ramon, Executive Director of the Center for Advanced Study. It's my great privilege to share with those of you who are not part of this conference what we did in the conference and what the outcome of the conference was. It seems like we've been in Nepal for a very long time but we've only been here for seven days and in those seven days we've done a lot. The first three days people went out on field visits to seven different sites where they were hosted by seven different organizations. For two nights they saw many different things and we had a visual representation of that in the earlier session today. A lot of photographs, a lot of interesting experiences. I will mention one interesting experience that one of our participants shared with us. He felt this very strongly that in one of the programs the buses were stuck in traffic for a long time and they were sitting, the engine was turned off, the air conditioning was off, they were sitting in the heat, feeling a bit uncomfortable. When they saw some people getting off the bus behind them in Nepal and some children and ladies started playing music and dancing and so they went and joined them and then before they knew it the traffic jam was over and they went on their way. So that's an example of adaptation in the face of adversity and I think our community is now able to face adversity and make the most of it and indeed derive enjoyment from it as well. So I think that's a very good telling example of what happened here. We spent a lot of time talking in the conferences, sharing sessions, we had parallel sessions, we even had games where the whole plenary session, all 400 plus of us took part in that games exercise and we enjoyed ourselves and learned at the same time and we had many different activities. We had some video programs that people shared their videos of their activities. We had a lot of posters sharing examples of people doing community adaptation from around the world. We had over 400 people from 62 different countries spending time with us this last week sharing from all the continents of the world and we had a very wide variety of participants, a lot of NGO participants both national and Nepali as well as international, a lot of academics and researchers, quite a lot of government representatives from various governments from Asia and Africa in particular. That's a very good sign that we are now also participating in some funding agencies, multilaterals like the Asian Development Man, Mokdad Bilaterals like BFID and GIZ and some young people as well. We put in the commentator as many young people as wanted to come so we encourage the youth climate change forum of Nepal to have a parallel event just down the road at the Grand Hotel so they had a parallel event there and then some of our people have been at that and then some of their boys and girls came this morning and shared what they are doing with us and we have incorporated in our Kathmandu Declaration their views as well. So we tried to reach out to as many people as possible to involve them in different ways. One other way which we've involved people is by a category we call VIPs which does not mean the VIPs that we have on the table here, it stands for virtual interactive participants and we had nearly 1000 people from all over the world who are registered online and they were watching us what is happening in real time. We were twittering and there were events going on so there are 400 people who are here and another 1000 people outside around the world who have been following the events, sending us questions, giving us their views and opinions so we've been interacting with people from all over the world over these three, four days at the conference. This particular session is being live web streamed, we've alerted people around the world, we're hoping that people will be watching this live and we'll be presenting the outcome of this which is the Kathmandu Declaration. But before that let me also share something else that we tried to achieve in these conferences and that was very well reflected yesterday at lunchtime, two of our participants were intensely talking to each other so I went and sat next to them and joined them. One of them is Christina Rumbaitis who is from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, in the US, in America and the other one is an employee in and out from Practical Action in Nepal and they were talking and I joined them and they said they were both in I think CBA 2 or 3 together, they were on a field visit together so I said okay so what have you done differently since then? What has the CBA added to your experience, being part of it? They thought for a while and then they said, we told us something we want friends, we are friends now because we met in Bangladesh at that time and I said that's what we want, we want friends to come out of this. You will leave here this afternoon, some people are catching flights now but you will leave with a lot of friends, Nepali friends, international friends and for us that's the most important legacy. That friendship will lead to things that we don't know what will happen but it will lead to good things we believe in. So that to us is the most important element of the outcome that everybody leads here with a sense of having made some new friends, made some new connections that will continue beyond the time period that you spend with us. Having said that, we also do have some formal outputs, we will be having a proceedings of the conference we will be putting up all the photographs that you took on the website there's been a lot of videoing, communities, we will all go on our YouTube account so the rest of the world can watch what happened in Kathmandu as well this will be legacies on the web and this time around what we are also trying to do is to bring out what we are calling the Kathmandu Declaration on financing local adaptation and I will not read out the entire two page statement but I will just say a few of the highlights first of all it is called the Kathmandu Declaration from this conference, the community based adaptation, 8th conference based adaptation, it is not endorsed by any government or agencies who are here, it's just a general view of the people who are here and we spent a lot of time thinking about what should be in this we had a drafting committee that used to meet every night, last night they were up till 12 o'clock drafting it and during the day during the sessions we asked everybody to make contributions which were all pulled together into a very short, sharp document, two pages only and the key messages are the following we are asking the global community to enhance the level of funding for adaptation to climate change in the developing countries so the first message is enhance the level of funding that is already being made available, we need a lot more the second message again at the global level is to ensure that whatever funding for adaptation is made available whether it's from the Green Climate Fund or the Adaptation Fund or foundations like DFID in the UK or GIZ in Germany or foundations like the Rockefeller Foundation and the Munich Reef Foundation which is also represented here that they take into account the need to direct funds to the most vulnerable communities and we are asking for at least 50% of the funds to be allocated to the most vulnerable communities and here we would like to cite the example of who has not just done 50% but has allocated 80% of the funds to the local level so we lawed Nepal, we want other countries to follow the example of Nepal and so I'd like to again applaud the policy decision and we want policy makers from other countries to follow their example. The third level of our advocacy or request is at the national level, governments and city governments and other decision makers who allocate resources at national level and GeoSeconds sometimes also allocate resources we have representatives here from the Global Development Facility small grants program that is run by UNDP they were here and they have also pledged to take forward this idea of allocating to the most vulnerable that at the national level and the sub national level as well decision makers who are making decisions on allocating resources for climate change adaptation should pay special attention to the poorest and most vulnerable. If they don't pay special attention to the poorest and most vulnerable then they will not be allocated, they will lose out so we urge everybody to pay special attention and that means allocating we ask for 50% even if it's not 50% do what you can but allocate something and monitor it and report on it that's very important, we need to know what you're doing, you need to make yourself accountable by sharing with us what you are doing and how much you are spending for the most vulnerable. And so finally what we then did this is the Kathmandu Declaration, I mentioned the salient features to ask as they are called to the global community and to the national decision makers then the question comes what about us what are we doing, are we just going to talk the talk or are we going to preach or are we going to practice what we preach and walk the walk as well so amongst us all of us in some different shape or form, some individually some as groups have made pledges to do something, each of us will go back and we will do something to make the Kathmandu Declaration real, we had examples from a group from the Pacific Islands who said they go back to the Pacific Islands they talk to their governments, they talk to Aeosis, their alliance of small island states and give the Kathmandu Declaration to them, we had a representative from the city government of Surat in Gujarat in India who said he'll go back and he'll translate it into Gujarati and give it to all the city officials in his city so everybody has promised similarly to go back and take the Kathmandu Declaration principles of allocation and prioritization of the most vulnerable and see if they can implement them or persuade others to implement them and then next year we will take stock of all of these pledges and the pledges have been made on camera with their names and they'll be on the website and so with everybody's name the pledges will be there on our website so next year we'll look at them and we'll ask you to report back yourselves outside on what we have done to fulfill the pledges that we made while we were here at CDA 18 in Nepal and so finally before I end I would like to share with you where we are going next the next conference of Amin's Place Adaptation, the 9th conference will be in Nairobi in Kenya, we have a good number of people from Kenya here, we had a good meeting with them yesterday, they have already formed the organizing committee, I'll be going to Nairobi in June to discuss with the government of Kenya who have already endorsed that they can be the host, I'll go and talk to them about the details the theme for next year is going to be a bit more focused than it was this time finance attracts everybody, everybody's interested in finance so we had a huge turnout over 400, nearly 450 people next time it'll be a bit more focused, it'll be on making CBA more effective or how do we make it effective or evidence of effectiveness which includes things like monitoring and evaluation, a big specialist but right now as funding is going into community-based adaptation there is a need for us in the community-based adaptation to be a bit more thorough in terms of an evidence phase of what works, what doesn't work and we will hopefully gather a year from now in Kenya, we haven't fixed the dates which will be roughly this period of April-May and we will have a focus as I said on monitoring and evaluation and before I end let me reiterate my challenge that I made in the earlier session to everybody about giving examples of failure, we must learn from our mistakes and admit failure and learn from our failures so I'm still open to being pitched for articles or chapters on a book on failure, lessons from failure, if I get enough of them from you then we will try and put a book together on that, with that I thank you all very much and I hope for those of you who come from outside the country you have a safe journey back home, thank you.


Don't do it sideways, do it straight up. Tell us a little bit about pet CBD. Well, it's good for inflammation and anxiety. If your dog has anxiety driving forever, it's good as they are not eating well, arthritis is a big one. It helps against that inflammation and that pain. Yeah, my dog is about 10 years old and I've been giving him CBD. Good. I've been giving him a little bit of CBD the last little while. He has arthritis in his back right leg. Good dog owner. All right, he's been doing well. So your guys' product, how many milligrams in the product? 10 milligrams per hour. How many are you talking to? 15 milligrams per hour. You go in there. Get on this side of the camera. Yes, get on this side of the camera. Stop hiding. What meeting are you guys in? We're Rich TV Live. We're a YouTube channel. Nice. Yeah, we've got 18,000 subscribers. Nice. Now my friend here, he loves his dog. And he's always looking for CBDs for pets. And he's looking for the best and the safest product for his pet. Okay. Why is your product the best product? Well, because everyone says so and we have the testimonials to back it up. But let me explain something. Ingredients are important. So when I first started, we had organic hemp oil versus certified organic. Big difference. And the oil in our bottles is ocean. So we've went to the greatest lengths to secure the best carrier oil possible. If I'm going to take it, if I'm going to give it... Will you start with MCT oil? No. There we go. No, if you do some research, I'm not going to give it away here. But if you do some research on what MCT doesn't do for CBD, you'd be shocked and you'd be disappointed. That I can guarantee. And then our droppers. Our food-saving pharmaceutical tip. We... It's not a little tapered tip. You're not guessing it. You're dosing. It's perfection. Perfect. And... Perfection. I like that. It is perfection. Perfection. I take this every day. And how much do you take a day? I take 1 ml of the 500. Okay. So we have French. And English. Yep. And English. But on our American bottles, we have Spanish. Okay. Are you guys an American company or Canadian? Canadian program. Are you guys private or public? We're private. Would you guys be interested in working with licensed LPs? Absolutely. Okay. We need your information because we work with some licensed LPs that would definitely be interested in your product. You know... Let's take some of your information. Even our CBD, our process, everything that we do, because I lost my dog to cancer, and I feel that if I'm putting a product out there, I have to do the best for you.  So the little lumps that dogs get on their body as they get older, this product would help those little lumps shrink. What do you think or what? Okay. This is an excellent question. But I'm going to answer it honestly. I could say yes, and that's a lot. Because I don't know. Okay. What I do know is some dogs yes, and some dogs it hasn't. But I would say 80% of the people that have used our CBD, yes, yes. Okay. We appreciate your task. Thank you very much. Keep up the great work. Absolutely. We look to keep our friends healthy.


Movement in schools in the Red Lake School District was restricted today after a school resource officer learned that Beltrami County received a 911 call mentioning that a school shooting might take place. Red Lake Superintendent Anne Lundquist says there was no mention of Red Lake or any specific school during the 911 call, but Red Lake officials decided to limit movement in the schools and to watch entrances and exits extra closely. Lundquist told Lakeland News that they exercise quite a bit of caution and that they react very carefully regarding any comments regarding school shootings. In 2005, a 16-year-old gunman shot and killed seven people at Red Lake Senior High School. Lundquist says about a dozen parents removed their children from school today. She says the school district expects to resume regular operations tomorrow. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Welcome to gear nomenclature. Gears are used to transmit power positively from one shaft to another by means of successively engaging teeth. The parts of a spur gear are important to identify for proper selection, replacement, and maintenance. In this learning activity you will examine various components of gears and the terms used to describe these components. Gear. This is the larger of the two gears of a simple speed reduction gear train. It is usually the output of the gear train. Pinion. The pinion is the smaller of the two gears of a simple speed reduction gear train. Usually the driver is connected to the motor. Tooth face. The face of the gear tooth is the contacting surface of the tooth. Circular pitch. The circular pitch is the distance from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on the next tooth measured on the pitch circle. Clearance. Clearance is the distance between the top of one tooth and the bottom of the mating tooth space. Backlash. The backlash is the space between the faces of two gear teeth. This space causes a delay in the response of the driven gear by the driver gear, which is known as play in the mechanical system. Pitch circle. The pitch circle is a circle drawn around the gear through the center of the gear teeth. Addendum. The addendum or the top of the tooth is the height of the gear tooth above the pitch circle. It is the radial distance between the pitch circle and the outside diameter. Dedendum. The dedendum or the bottom of the tooth is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth. It is equal to the addendum plus the clearance. Hole depth. Hole depth is the full depth of the tooth or the distance equal to the addendum plus the dedendum. Root circle. The root circle is the circle formed by the bottoms of the gear teeth. Outside diameter. The outside diameter is the total diameter of a gear from the top tooth 180 degrees to tooth top. Line of action. The line of action is the initial point of contact that is associated with the pressure angle. The pressure angle is formed by a line through the point of contact of two mating teeth and tangent to the base circles. Pressure angle. The pressure angle is the angle of contact of a gear tooth. It is usually 14.5 degrees or 20 degrees. This angle is formed by a line through the point of contact of two mating teeth and a line at right angles to the center line of the gears. All mating gears must be of the same pressure angle in order to mesh properly. Congratulations! You have completed this learning activity gear nomenclature. If you like this video be sure to subscribe to our channel.


There's no hot and fast rule, a lot of the times people can't understand maybe why a landlord would be requesting a deposit equivalent to two months, but basically the Rent-to-Housing Act stipulates that the landlord may not request a deposit more than what the parties have essentially agreed to. So the purpose of a security deposit, I think the clue is in the name you know basically to be kept until the end of the lease term for the purposes of securing the landlord's right to get the property back in the same condition in which it was given to the tenant. So one thing of importance is that when the landlord requests deposit that will be paid usually prior to commencement of the lease agreement and is either paid to the agent or to the landlord.