What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here. Today I am back with another Destiny 2 video and today we will take a look at an all new exclusive nightfall weapon. Now which nightfall strike this weapon is obtained from? Also but before we get into that guys if you do enjoy the video leaving a like truly does help me and my channel out. Also due to YouTube being YouTube if you are a sub around here please go ahead and hit that bow button so you are notified when I do upload. The sub boxes on YouTube are just not reliable and hitting that bow button is the only way you guys are guaranteed to be notified when I upload. Thank you it means a lot. Okay so with the 1.1.4 updates they go faster patch. Among other things nightfall exclusive loot has been added to the game. Each of the seven nightfalls has been updated loot wise to have a rare chance of dropping exclusive loot. Today we are going to take a look at a new exclusive weapon we haven't seen before and it does look promising in my opinion. Okay so this weapon has a chance of dropping when the Sabbath and song is the weekly nightfall. We actually at this time don't know when this will be it could be next week it could be in six weeks but when it does eventually come around it will offer this legendary auto rifle and it's called the Duty Bound and you guys can see it on screen now. Do you respect commander? I was there when the high found us on earth, I was there when we stopped them untightened and I'll be there when we wipe them out so long. Now when I first set eyes on this weapon it really surprised me with its design. I love it for sure and can you imagine it will look great with different shaders applied that blade attached to the front of it looks cool too isn't the first time we've seen this on a weapon actually it's quite common nowadays in Destiny but it still suits this weapon well in my opinion. You can see it stats on screen now it requires 600 rounds per minute, has an impact of 21, range of 42, stability of 45, magazine size of 41, reload speed of 54 and a 61 handling stats. Hidden stats it has 16 zoom and inventory size of 58 which is a percentage by the way, aim assistance of 73 and a recoil direction of 60. Remember though masterworks versions will vary as it can buff a few select stats. Now going by this weapon stats is actually a weapon a lot like the forward path iron banner auto rifle so if you were a fan of this you might be a fan of the duty bound. You can see the stats side by side on screen now. The duty bounds perks it has the adaptive frame a well rounded grip reliable and sturdy, fast draw is lightweight sight short zoom increases handling speed slightly increases range red dot ORS1 agile sight short zoom increases range increases handling speed ricochet rounds rounds ricochet of hard surfaces increases stability slightly increases range accurate rounds this weapon can fire longer distances increases range the zen moment causing damage with this weapon increases its stability and then we have rampage kills with this weapon temporary grant increased damage stacks three times. So again going by its stats it seems like it's going to be a decent auto rifle and I am a massive fan of auto rifles there by far my favorite kind of weapon to use within Destiny's PvE and PvP so I am personally looking forward to when this weapon comes around for sure. So yeah guys a duty bound auto rifle is exclusive to the Sabbath and song nightfall strike again like I said we don't know exactly when this nightfall will come back around but when it does you know what you gotta do to get this duty bound and guys that is it we have come to the end of the video tell me what you think about this weapon do you like its design do you think it looks quite good perk and stat wise let me know down below if you guys did enjoy the video leaving a like truly just help me and my channel out remember if you're new around here and enjoy daily destiny videos be sure to subscribe also hitting that bell button truly helps me and my channel out too but guys thanks again for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


I started off as a social worker, working with children adolescents and I worked in the department of child and family psychiatry and one day somebody came to visit us who was a TA psychotherapist and he did a workshop and I was really bowled over about the idea of how people have got three guest days for the parent, adult and child and some of the skills that he taught us on that day. I thought wow I could take this back and use this with the families that I were with and I did and it was really effective so it got me to think because at that time as well as working with children and adolescents I was a qualified councillor and I thought I want to know more about this and that was in the 80s so here I am now working as a psychotherapist and I've become a trainer and I now supervise. Well every year we have conferences, the TA community, New Carter conferences and that's where I met Bob at the time I was living in Norfolk working as a social worker manager part-time and a psychotherapist part-time and then about 97 I took up a whole practice here and completed my training and here I am I have looked back since then and really really love my work. I've had 25 years experience as a social worker working with children adolescents so that really informed my work for a long long time. I'm on the teaching programme here now so I teach on the four year programme, the adult psychotherapy four year modules and I also teach on the children adolescent psychotherapy programme as well so I kind of get the best of both worlds really. We're a community so anybody coming here will get a really good service because we really are very careful about how we select people that come on our training they have to have a therapy themselves they have to be in supervision so ethically they're very well supported. I think people get to a point in their lives where they're so stuck they keep going around in the same circle over and over again and they're so uncomfortable they can't bear it anymore they have to do something now some people go to the GP some people you know turn to drugs and alcohol but for the most part most of us think do you know what there's got to be something more than this they come and they get a service that provides them with something that's lasting and they can carry that with them and carry on with their lives happily.


It's always fun when boxes arrive from Italy. Let's unbox one of these Mayura Ogiva Golden Age fountain pens that just arrived. The Mayura packaging is always pretty well done. These come with a sleeve around the pretty solid box and then some extra material telling you about the company and sort it inside with your pen. This is a look at the pen. You've got a spring metal clip, stainless steel nib, it's number six nib, and those will be plated to match the trim. The nib is a number six and it is branded with the Mayura logo. The Ogiva Golden Age is a cartridge converter fountain pen so you can fill it with your fountain pen safe ink using the included converter. It's actually compatible with international standard size cartridges or converters so you can switch it with other ink cartridges that you might already have and you can access that by taking off the barrel or by removing the blind cap on the back end of the barrel and using it similar to the way you would use a piston filler. There's three different color options available. The mostly blue version we looked at first is wind and then you also have earth and fire. Fire and wind are both paired with a chrome trim and earth is paired with a rose gold trim. The sections on these pins are going to match the trim color and I have to point out how explicitly detailed the center rings are. Subscribe at Pinchelay for more new pin releases and shop at pinchelay.com


What's up Mopar fam? Had a message someone sent me a message and said to do a Thanksgiving cold start So we're going to do a Thanksgiving cold start and it's more like a Thanksgiving Hasn't started in about three weeks. Uh the truck's been sitting For a few weeks now because we are waiting on parts and stuff to come in for it But we're going to do a cold start or we're going to actually attempt to try to start it and see what happens But here we go frostbite looks a little neglected And I'm a little sad it needs a bath. It hasn't had a bath since we took it racing last time And she just looks a little a little rough right now There she is So yes There's a story to why we are sitting on jack stands and I'm going to go over that in just a second But we're going to get the key and I'm going to try to fire old frostbite up And see what she does What's going on with frostbite I'm going to make it a little bit quieter because she does need to run she's been sitting for a while and since we're running it We might as well let her sit here and run for a second So we're going to close the exhaust cut out from slabs. Definitely don't thump as hard when it's running through the dono max race bullets so What is going on with frostbite and why are we sitting on jack stands? Well right now the reason we're on jack stands Is because I sold The tire and wheel package that was on the truck previously.  So i'ma shut the truck off But yes guys So as you could hear that was the splab cut out That we got it comes with the remote and I do have it programmed to my overhead door buttons Up uh up top But anyway, the reason the truck's sitting on the jack stand guys is like I said I sold the tire and wheel package that was on the truck I got rid of the race stars And we ordered complete new wheels and tires The rear wheels has been on back order for a while So that's why the truck's been sitting on jack stands now over I'd say going on about three weeks almost. It's been it's been over a couple weeks The front tire the front wheels has already came in We went with the a true front runner wheel So we're going to you know true front front runner skinnies Up front with a four and a half inch wheel so The front is in we're just waiting on the the rear setup to come in. I already got the tires for the rear I'm just waiting for the uh for the wheels to come in for the rear Now the wheels that we went with I ended up going with the forge star because it's just hard to beat the money for them and they're super light They're much much lighter than The race stars was I'll be honest I still like the look of the race stars better. I think The forge stars, I think they'll grow on me once I get them on the actual truck and see what it's going to look like But the forge stars look really good We're going to do a video on those very soon. I weighed the front Wheels and tires that we were running on the race stars And I weighed the front package for the forge star with the front runner And the weight difference guys is actually very very amazing. It is a huge difference in weight We shave the ton of weight just going to these other wheels Not to mention the contact patch of the front runners are much much smaller. So we're going to have less rolling resistance It's going to make the truck faster So that's why we're sitting on jack stands as soon as the rear wheels get here Then we're going to mount the tires up and put everything on and get it ready to go Um for the rear wheels We for the rear tires, we went back with the same tires I was running the mickey tomson et street ours with a 315 50 17 is what we're going to put back on the truck and then the front Is the race master 28 inch tall Skinnies for the front is what we're going to run again video coming up with the tire and wheel combo going on And the weight difference that we seen when I weighed them all in all just a quick little uh cold start video for turkey day and Most of all just wanted to wish everybody out there happy Thanksgiving. Hope you guys have a good one eat lots of food you know Eat as much as you can but don't get uh, don't get too too too sick out there on all the good the goodies and the desserts and so forth Myself is about to get in the house and we got a turkey to fry a ham to cook and everything So we got tons and tons of food going on over here. It's going to be absolutely amazing and I'm sure I'm going to be worthless the rest of the day um We have lots of work to do the truck and we've had Little time to do it between work and everything going on But that is the deal with frostbite. That's what's been going on for a couple weeks With it sitting here like this. We just haven't been able to do much with it but In the future, I just want to let you know what's kind of coming up the new tiring wheels are going down We have a new rear brake light Install we're going to be doing on a brand new product. It is absolutely awesome I can't wait to show you guys that so stay tuned for that install and that new product um We have a new camshaft also guys Not sure when i'm going to reveal the camshaft, but new camshaft is also coming up very soon And we're probably going to be changing the fuel system up We're going to be putting in a different fuel pump soon and we're going to be changing fuels I'll go ahead and say we're probably going to be going to e85 And there's some reasonings behind that Biggest reason is My pocketbook You know race fuel gets stupid expensive E85 is cheap And works just as good and actually can be much better in different areas Depending on your application, but we're going to be going to e85 on the truck most likely We're also ditching the diablo tuner and we're going to be going to hp tuners So lots and lots and lots of cool stuff coming up soon lots of new stuff Lots of changes going down It's going to be insane transmission is actually Starting to get into the works as well as many know, we're going to be getting rid of the 545 that's in the truck We're going to be doing a cope racing 46 re swap on the truck And that transmission will be fully built for our race and daily driving needs um that transmission is going to have a Uh a big stall converter in it. It's going to have a trans brake and it's going to be built very very strongly to hold A thousand plus horsepower to the tires. It's going to be insane. It's going to make the truck faster It's going to hold up to what we want it to do And in the long run, it's just going to be a better direction for This truck and the direction i'm pushing the truck to This truck is always going to be You know a fun toy go to the car shows go drive it to work Go to the racetrack or whatever, but I want to take this truck to a whole different level of stupid fast and We're going to need a transmission to do that and I think the best way is going to be cope Mr. John cope over it CRT Is going to have the transmission for us. So that's what's going down with it Um as soon as I save up a little bit more money so I can get this Done that is happening up that is going to be going down very soon. So That is something you definitely don't want to miss and I can't wait to get the transmission in the truck It's going to be super fun to have a full manual Valve body transmission where you actually get to shift the gears It'll still be an automatic But you shift the gears manually. So it's the best of both worlds. You're going to have an automatic transmission But you can shift it manually. So it's going to be so much more fun Just everyday driving to work or a car show or you know, just in general, it's just going to be fun to drive It's going to be awesome so That's pretty much it. Um, I need to desperately clean up frostbite Uh, we've got a lot of cleaning to do I feel bad because I haven't had the time to take care of the truck like I have We got a lot of stuff. We need to do the truck Um, just appearance wise It's hard to tell on a camera or in pictures, but The graphics on the side of the truck are starting to fade finally From the sun and a lot of that's me. I'm gonna be honest.   So this truck has only been waxed a few times And that's probably why our decals are starting to fade Is I just haven't been putting wax on them like I should be So we're gonna have to put some new decals on the truck soon. Um I also have something else in mind. I've been considering Wrapping the entire truck something stupid cool I have something in mind I have a guy that Most likely I'm gonna have do the work to the truck if I do the wrap Um, he does awesome work So There may be some apparent stuff going on with frostbite besides the tire and wheels We may be doing a full wrap on the truck Possibly this winter We'll see we'll see how where our time and our money ends up being but we got a lot of stuff to do the truck And little time to do it with and definitely a budget, you know, I'm not made of money But we're trying to get as much as we can done With as little as possible um But everybody knows how that is you you start you start here you end up up here And then you may break something and come back down here and then you go back up here So it's just kind of a It's just kind of a merry-go-round of getting everything lined up and everything working together so But biggest thing there's your Thanksgiving cold start as always guys Have fun out there be safe enjoy your turkeys today and Stay tuned for all the cool stuff coming on the truck And we'll see on the next one


And now, the mythology of time. It is said that time was created from a single silent teardrop from the most beautiful woman on earth, Helen of Troy. The Romans associated time with their goddess of love, Venus. And why not?  Yeah baby, you still got it. Now it was also considered a symbol of sacrifice and courage to the ancient Greeks. And it was often burnt in sacred temples as an offering to the gods or protection against evil. Time was also considered a very big aid for those making their passage into the next life. And this is because it was believed that the souls of the deceased actually took up residence in the flowers of the time plant. So people would place it either in or on top of coffins to ensure safe passage into the afterlife. In Wales, England, they didn't just believe that it was the souls of the dead, oh no, they believed it was the souls of people who had been murdered. Is there something that the Welsh know that they're not telling us? Still alive and need a good night's sleep? Well the Scottish Highlanders of old would prepare a tea of wild time for vigor and to ward off those nasty nightmares. It was also said that if you placed time beneath your pillow at night, it would fend off nightmares and demons.  Over in Jerusalem, there is a legend that time was included in a special little manger where this gal named Mary gave birth to a kid named, uh, what was it again? Jesus. Having love problems my friend? Well time eating on the evening of St. Agnes is said to help cure love sickness. After you ate it, you were supposed to say the phrase, St. Agnes that's to lovers kind. Come, ease the troubles of my mind. And after that, whoosh, watch your love sick troubles flow away. But that is nothing compared to the crazy tradition that happens on the eve of St. Luke's day. English women would make a mixture that included time, marigold, wormwood, and a sprig of marjoram. Then rub it all over their stomachs, breasts, and lips. Then while lying down, you're supposed to repeat the phrase, St. Luke, St. Luke, be kind to me, in dreams, let me my true love see. We have said this, hasten off to bed, because in your dreams you will see a vision of your true love. Apparently you could also use time for love divination in other ways too. If you place the name of your prospective lovers under different pots of time, the one that grows the fastest and strongest is the name of the person who should become your sugar dumpling. And this brings me to one of the best myths about time, it attracts fairies. These are said to love time. In both England and France, people would create a bed of time to attract fairies to make them feel more at home in their gardens. In fact, it was believed that a bed of time is where fairies like to take up residence. So people would set aside a special patch of time in their gardens that they wouldn't touch. Kind of like an herbal fairy house. In literature, time is also very famously associated with fairies. See if you remember this one. I know a bank where the wild time blows, where ox slips and the knotting violet grows, quite over canopied with luscious woodbine, with sweet musk roses and with aglitine. Know it? Good for you. It is indeed from a speech by Oberon in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. And I bring this up not just because it's the location of where Titania, Queen of the Fairies, is found, but rather because the English use time in a recipe in the 17th century that helped you see fairies. You think only the English did this? Both Danish and German folklore list patches of wild time as the best place to find fairies. Over there, time oil was supposed to help you see fairies, but only if it was gathered near the side of a hill where fairies live. But apparently, things fell apart for time somewhere in the 1800s. As bringing wild time into a British household was considered such bad luck that it could cause serious illness or even death. Which is really weird, because I found nothing that said time was bad luck until the 1800s. However, they only believed this about wild time and not common time. Also weird. Let's finish things up with a little bit of witchcraft, shall we? Witches have a bevy of really cool ways that time can be used to help you out. Want to ease your grief? Then hang some time to air out in your home. You didn't let go of things? Then put time in a box with the symbols of the things that you want to let go. Then when you feel ready, burn that sucker! And scatter the ashes over a body of water. Did you lose your keys or maybe your phone again? You know it's the fairies that might actually be responsible? Hey, don't worry, they're happy to bring them back. On the night of a full moon, leave an offering of fresh time and honey in the woods, with a note asking for some help to get your lost item back. Just make sure you don't run into any werewolves. Is your wallet looking thin? Then you better make sure you plant some time in your garden. And at the beginning of a waxing moon, place several coins or even some paper currency in with a root ball and bury it near a sunny spot in your yard.   Thanks so much for watching. As always, if you liked the video, hit the like button, share, subscribe. If you're interested in more herbal mythology, then go ahead and click on the mythology of basil. My question for today is, have you ever heard any of these myths before? Maybe you've tried them? If so, hey, let me know in the comment section below how they went. Until next time, be kind to each other and make sure you save a little bit of time for the fairies.


From San Francisco, it's theCUBE. Covering GitLab Commit 2020. Brought to you by GitLab. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman, and this is theCUBE's coverage of GitLab Commit 2020 here in San Francisco. You might notice some of our guests have some jackets on. It is a little cooler than normal here in San Francisco, but the community and knowledge is keeping us all warm. Joining us for the first time on the program is Nicholas Klick, who's an engineering manager at GitLab. Thanks so much for joining us. Thanks for inviting me. All right, so you had an interesting topic. The state of serverless in 2020 was the session that you gave, definitely a topic. We've loved covering on theCUBE, something I personally have been digging into, trying to understand, definitely something that the developers, and especially the app devs that I speak with are very bullish on. So what is the state of serverless in 2020? That's actually a good question. So my talk was actually broken into two parts. One was like initially I just wanted to help provide a clear definition of what serverless is. In my opinion, serverless is more than just functions. There are a lot of other technologies like backend as a service, API gateways, service integration proxies that you can stitch together to create dynamic applications. So I created a more expanded definition of what serverless is from my perspective. Another part was to really talk about three things that I'm finding exciting right now in the serverless space. The first is Knative, and the fact that Knative is likely gonna go to GA pretty soon. So it'll be production ready and we can finally build production workloads on it. The second is that is the running serverless at the edge, I find to be an exciting topic. And then finally talking more in depth on those service integrations of how you can actually create applications that don't include functions at all. So functionless serverless? Yeah, so a lot of things I definitely want to tease out of that. Nicholas, I guess maybe we should just step back a second and was there a survey work or was there something done or is this kind of something related to your job that you put together as just an important topic? Yeah, I know this is just me speaking as someone that works in the space and sees the technologies evolve in and just my opinions I guess. Okay, when I talk to the practitioners when you go and say oh they're interested in it, chances are they're doing stuff on Amazon is like what kind of the first piece of it tends to be. There are lots of open source projects out there but it's still, it's kind of dominated by Amazon Azure has some pieces of course Google has things they're doing. I liked how you teased out that serverless definitely isn't a thing and the definition and even the term itself gets people all riled up and things like that. So I hate getting into the ontological arguments but the promise of it is that I can build applications in a different way and I shouldn't have to think about some of the underlying components that's the name serverless kind of does that but it definitely is a change in mindset as to how I build and consume environments. Right and like another point that I made in the talk that I believe pretty strongly is that serverless is not something that's gonna replace monoliths and microservices. I believe it's another tool in the tool belt of the developer, of the operator to solve problems and that we should look at it like that. It shouldn't be, it's not the next progression in application architecture. Yeah, I've met some companies that 100% they built everything on serverless but that's like saying I've met plenty of companies that are all in the cloud. It depends on what you do and what your business is. When we look at the enterprise, it is a broad spectrum and making changes along that path is something that typically takes a decade or more and they have hundreds if not thousands of applications and therefore we understand. I've got my stuff running on my mainframe through my latest microservice architecture and everything in between. Right and I mean I'm speaking as an employee at GitLab and we have a very well known monolith that we deploy and so from my opinion, I don't believe the monoliths are gonna die anytime soon. All right, I'd love you to tease out some of those pieces that you talked about, the three items you talked about K-Native. K-Native is interesting. The thing I poked out when I go to KubeCon and CloudNativeCon is today, I mentioned when I think about customers, most of them are using Amazon. The second choice is they're probably doing Azure and today K-Native directly doesn't work with EKS, AKS or the like. I know there's a solution like trigger match that actually will interact between the Amazon and there but I mean don't you need the buy-in of Amazon and Microsoft for K-Native to be taken seriously and the other thing is Google still hasn't opened up the Google controls, the governance of both Istio and K-Native and there are some concerns in the ecosystem about that. So what makes you so bullish on K-Native? Yeah, so I'm definitely aware of some of the discussions around K-Native from my perspective, I think that K-Native is, if someone is already operating a lot of Kubernetes infrastructure, if they already have that infrastructure running then deploying K-Native to it is not that much more of a, it doesn't require additional resources and expense. So it could be, again, it depends on their use case and I think that when I think about serverless, I try to remain pragmatic. So I'm already using Kubernetes and I want a simple serverless runtime, K-Native would be a great option in that situation. If I wanna be able to work like cross-cloud, like this is another opportunity that K-Native provides is the ability of deploying to any Kubernetes cluster anywhere. So it has that, there's not a vendor lock-in issue with K-Native. Yeah, and absolutely there was initially some concern that could serverless actually be the ultimate lock-in. I'm going to go deep on one provider and don't have a way. There's open source groups like the CNCF trying to help along those ways, K-Native absolutely along those ways, looking at that environment. From a GitLab customer standpoint, GitLab's not tied to whether you're doing containers or serverless or VMs are in the environment. What does it mean for GitLab customers? If I wanna look at serverless, how does that fit into my overall workflow? Yeah, so initially at GitLab we focused on providing the ability to deploy to K-Native. That was, we were very early in the K-Native space and I think that as it's matured, as those APIs have matured then our product has kind of developed. And so right now we enable you to be able to create Kubernetes clusters through our interface and then deploy your function runtimes directly from your GitLab repo. We've also are kind of growing in our examples and documentation of how to integrate GitLab CI CD with Lambda. That's another big area that we're moving into as well. Great. As you look forward to 2020, we've got a whole new decade in front of us. What do you think people should be watching on in the maturity of this space? Yeah, so I think that the point that I touched on earlier of the service integrations, I think that that is something you're gonna see more and more of the providers themselves linking together their different services and enabling you to create these dynamic applications without a lot of glue that you have to manually create in between. I think that we're gonna see more open source frameworks like for example, service framework or Terraform that people want the, I know that a lot of people use for example, AWS SAM, people want easier ways and faster ways to be able to deploy their service so you have the bootstrapping of serverless. I guess another thing that I expect is that the serverless, the serverless development life cycle will mature in that whether you're going from bootstrapping, testing, deployment, monitoring, security, I believe you're gonna see companies that will start to really fill in that entire space the same way that they do for monoliths and microservices. Absolutely, thank you so much, Nicholas. Definitely something we've been tracking over the last year or so, you started to see many in the tool chain of cloud native environments digging into serverless, helping to mature those solutions and definitely an area to watch closely. Great, all right. Lots more covered, check out the cube.net for all the events that we will be at through 2020 as well as you can go back see we've actually done serverless Conf a couple of years, many of the other cloud and cloud native shows, search innerindex, I'm Stu Miniman and thank you for watching the cube.


And now, a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense. In a moment, Act One of Black Death, written especially for suspense by Mercer McLeod, and starring Christopher Carey, currently featured in Camelot. Well, it's not getting any better. I can't understand why the light should be so dim. Dear. What? That might be my fault. Why do you say that? When I took the car, put Petal up there. Do you remember? You said you sure and have the battery checked? Oh, say no more. Yes, I'm afraid I forgot. Then that's it. If I stall, I don't think we'll get started again. I'm sorry, darling. Oh. I don't know. I think it's something. I can hardly tell whether we're on the road or not. Don't you think we should? Are we stalled? We are. Well, here goes. Well, that's it. Oh, Charles. And it's all my fault. Now, don't feel bad about it. I don't think we should have made it anyhow. If we were on a main highway, we might be all right. But these small byroads, miles from anywhere... But what can we do? Well, we can sit in the car and hope another car comes along. But the chances of that happening here are remote. We might be better off to walk to help. I'd hate not to make our appointment indwelling. In this way? The cold night, Nora. If we keep walking, we can at least keep one. We're almost certain to find a farmhouse or something.  Well, I... I think I am. Then bundle up and let's get on with it, old girl. All right. I'm afraid we won't make welding tonight. Inning to look a little ominous. Yes. We better try calling out Charles. All right. Hello? I think I'm a little frightened, Charles. Come on, let's both call out. Hello? There must be shelter. Yes, there's a light blinking over there. That's for us. Come on. Because we're lost. That's why. 20 miles. Where do you live? Just over the hill there. But it's no use. He won't let you in not him. Who are you talking about? The master. And who is the master? Now, now, wait a minute. You can't leave us. Here. Wait. Yes. Now, listen, you. Whether you like it or not, we're coming with you. Whether the master likes it or not, he's going to give a shelter.  We're following you. Come along. Charles, there's light when I find the key. All right. We'll be inside soon, Nora. Don't say that I let you in. Go straight to that second door past the staircase. Thanks. Well, here goes. It's not an in. Oh, yes. But surely you. Just a minute, Charles. If we were drowning and your boat hadn't by, we'd try to save ourselves by clinging to it. And look at us. We're practically grounded. That's scarcely my concern. Furthermore, my husband is a doctor. He was scheduled to lecture in. Oh, a doctoring? Well, a scientific manner. Well, yes. You need dry things. There's food on the buffet here, and I'll get our coffee. Do sit down. Make yourselves comfortable. Do you mind if we hang our coats in front of the fire? A capital idea. Give me your coat, Charles. I'll spread it out. Thanks, Nora.  Yes, sir. Oh, well, more coffee, Jacob. Very good, sir. What are you finding so interesting, doctor? These strange diagrams drawn on the walls and floor. Oh, yes, yes. Those are the nuclei of my science. White mice in the cage. And what's this contraption? What does it look like to you? It bears a rough resemblance to a huge camera. But the sides, all this multi-colored glass. I don't know. I'm quite baffled. In there, my friend, is the element black. Black? Black, one of the greatest destructive forces in the universe.  Just help yourselves. Coffee won't be long. Oh, thank you very much. It may interest you to know that yours are the first strange faces I've seen here in four years. Really? I spend most of my time hard at work. Very, very hard at work. The results of this work may well benefit humanity. Oh, I'm glad to hear that. Don't understand me.  However, I'm more productive to your humanity than I should be if I were full of gush as the sentimentalists, speechifying to get murderers out of prison. Do you follow me? Well, yes. You noticed my man, Jacob? Of course. He's a perfect servant. Makes me comfortable. I have no feeling for him. I treat him civilly, pay him, but I never concern myself with him as a human being. I know nothing of his character except what I read of it in his last employer's letter. There are, you see, no truly human relations between us. Would you imagine his work would be better done if I'd made him like me personally? Oh, I would, decidedly. I'm certain it would not be so. He'd trade on any relationship to my disadvantage. But if a crisis, a crisis.  Affection. Put it down. Would that be all, sir? For now, yes. Splendid in human efficiency. I think I'd go mad in such an atmosphere. Never mind, Nora. Now, how do you take your coffee? Black, please. Me, too. Black, eh? Very good. Who gazes on black shares of death. Beg your pardon. You scientists are quite naive, I find. I fail to see. Let me explain. I find that black is not, as it is commonly defined, an absence of color or light. It is a prime essence. A vital being. And light, on the contrary, is mere activity. Well, this black coffee tastes good. I'm glad we're not out in that black night. There you go again. I don't understand. You think night comprehends black? Night is never so dark that you cannot distinguish grades of darkness. There is no black in the darkness of night. Black is absolute. You mean to say that black... Who said anything about blackness? I've been talking about black, not blackness. The one is the positive term. The other a weak, indefinite. Call blackness darkness, and the phrase theology will be much nearer. But when you come to black, you're at grips with the positive element of the universe. The force of parents whose work is death. Then one ought to be afraid to go home after dark. If you had the faintest realization of the infinite significance of the words you use, you would turn as pale... as pale as this stainless cloth. This white mouse, I take it out of its cave, hold it by its tail, and set the black to work.  It vanished. Exactly, it vanished. And you, doctor, what do you have to say? I believe I saw something like that years ago at the Palace Theatre in New York.  Yes, sir. Jacob, bring in David immediately. Oh, sir. That's what I said. The old hound dog, David. That is the old one, isn't it? Yes, sir. Then quickly, quickly bring it here. Right away. Doctor, you look at me with the eye of a diagnostician. You would condemn me as a hysteric, or a madman, wouldn't you, doctor? How would you put it? Suffering from delusion. That would be your diagnosis, wouldn't it? Why, I... Exactly. And having placed a tag on me, you'd wash your hands of the whole business. Oh, I know you men of science. Ah, Jacob. Bring that hound over here. Leave us, Jacob! But, sir, not David. I said leave us! If you get, sir... You dislike me, don't you? You owe me. As before, doctor, we set the block to us. They can keep us on fire! As soon as we can. Dear Brandy, we're yours. For our guests too. You don't understand, do you, doctor? Understand at all. Why I became disgusted with you men who call yourselves scientists. You condemn everything that resists experiments. You reject this false any theory which cannot be proved in the laboratory or the dissecting room. You refuse even to consider my findings in regard to apparitions. Apparitions? Ghosts, if you like. This mankind has persisted in believing that apparitions are fact, but mention them to you scientists. But there's never been conclusive proof. Conclusive proof! Tell you that for 23 years I have been investigating a supernatural and that I know, past all doubt, apparitions and supernatural beings exist. What do you think? Unless, of course, you could show me an apparition or some supernatural... Show me! Has it now? Has it? Yes, sir. Did you hear that? The storm. It's over. Yes, I heard. I think we should get out of here as quickly as we can. Oh, so do I. Take a good swig of brandy. It'll help. I did. I don't know how you feel, but I'm ready for that 20-mile walk to Dwalling. Those two demonstrations have convinced me. Darling, I'm ready. Dwalling, did you say? Oh, yes. Why walk? I don't follow you. Why not take the local? The local? Yes. Do you mean local train? Of course. I didn't know there was one. Just one a day. It carries mostly freight. Just one passenger coach. About a mile from here. 11-10. I'll show you the way. Oh, this is splendid, Charles. You'll be able to give your lecture after all. Scientific lecture? Well, sort of, yes. With the proof, doctor? Of course. You know, 17 years ago, I ran away from you scientific fellows and your proof. It seems funny that one should walk in on me tonight.   I shouldn't say that, sir. I'll get our coach. You catch it down by the stone fence. Thank you, sir. I'll leave everything to Jacob. Good night. Thank you for your trouble. Thank you, sir. I'm glad to be out of a whole mad mess. Me too. How do you feel? Fine. The brandy helps. Good. Come on. It's right on time. Turn down a bit better, eh? Here. Here we are. Now we can relax. Oh, I'm so happy to be out of this.  Oh, I certainly do. Utterly and completely mad. All that business about black. Absolute nonsense. But, darling, what about that dog? And the mouse? They really disappeared, you know. An old magic trick. You know, disappearing rabbit and all that? Just hocus pocus. Nora, what are you staring at? Everybody. Nobody seems to be asleep in this coach. Look at them. Yes. They do seem to. Nora, what is it? Oh, Charles. They're not asleep. They're all dead. Oh, Charles, I never say what's happening. Wait. Wait, Nora. Easy now. Oh, Charles. Oh, darling. Remember? Years ago, an accident. The train jumped the bridge into the valley. A little shook up but fell in one piece. Think we can get them to the house? I think so. Can you help the woman? I think so. Now, can you walk? Yes. Yes. That's the way. Now, off we go. Better, doesn't it? Yes. And another sip. Nora? Where are we? We are in the sunroof of the master's house. Back here again? Yes. You're both very lucky. Boozed and shook up a bit. Could have been lots worse. Am I dreaming all this? And what about that train? That's what you were ranting about when I brought you in. There was no train. There's no line there. There hasn't been one for years. It was a bad accident there years ago. Train jumped the bridge into the valley. Hasn't been used since. But you and your wife were in that accident. I brought it back to demonstrate another power of black. Listen carefully. I made it happen again. Remember what I said about my findings regarding apparitions? Well, what do you think now? Now if you'll excuse me. Now what's going on? I couldn't tell you, sir. I've long since given up trying to understand the master. Well, you're both looking much better.  We'll both feel much better when we can be on our way. Here you are. Thank you. I'm dreadfully tired, Charles. What's he doing with that contraption now? No, no, sir. He said something about his most noble achievement. What? Charles? He means human. Listen, Jacob, we've got to get out of here and quickly.  I cannot go against the master's order. Jacob, I want to start with a dog. Bring me one of the older cows. Yes, sir. A dog. You heard what I said, Jacob. We've got to get out of here. I think we'd all better get out. Follow me. Come along, Nora. Where are we going? Any place as long as it's away from here. He wants a dog. I'll get him a dog. Follow me down this corridor. He shall have a dog. I don't know yet. 20 years. Noble achievement. Getting you back. Written especially for suspense by Mr. McLeod. And starring Christopher Kerry, currently featured in Camelots.


The story of Inif Crosby, the spy starring the noted American actor Henry Howell as Inif Crosby. The DuPont Company, makers of better things for better living through chemistry, tonight brings you a story of personal sacrifice and unselfish heroism, of one man's devotion and loyalty to the cause of freedom. The story of Inif Crosby, a spy of the American Revolution. Here, 1820, in the town of Bedford, New York, on a shaded port, two men sit with their pipes in wine in the late afternoon. The younger is James Fenimore Cooper. The elder is a former president of the Congress of the Continental Congress and the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, John Jay. Mr. Jay, did you ever have a plague of critics spiking you? You mean this novel you've written, James? Yes, sir. Have you read it? Certainly. Well, it seems to me we've had enough books about European properties. Why don't you write a novel about America, James? Perhaps I might, sir, if I had a proper subject. Proper subject? Why, America's full of them. I can tell you a story of one man who helped make our country free. I'd like to hear it, Mr. Jay. Well, this man was a shoemaker. The British were in New York, the Americans in retreat. Westchester, sounding in between, was at the neutral ground. When was this, sir? It was the year 1776. I was a member of the Committee of Safety, meeting at Fishkill. We met with General Washington at his headquarters. He'd summoned us there for a conversation on the difficulties which faced our cause in the state of New York. Gentlemen, many things are happening before we know it. We need a type of spy this war hasn't seen yet. What do you mean, General Washington? We need someone, some man, who loves our cause so completely. He'd be willing to masquerade as a British spy to get us the right information and give them misleading reports of our plans. It is the duty of your committee to find such a man. Very well, General Washington. We'll be asking someone to do a thankless task, Mr. Jay, but you and I know it isn't necessary, one. His identity must be a secret between us. But remember, the very success of our cause may depend on that man. What do you want this time of night? I've got to see you, Mr. Jay. I brought a friend with important news. All right, wait, I'll be right down. Let's see after the horse is gone. I hate them under a tree over there. They'll be all right. Step inside out of the rain, young man. I'd like to land. Now, what is it? Mr. Jay, this man is in a cosplay. He has information for your committee. Good, good. What is it, Mr. Cosby? Mr. Jay, I know of a company where Tory is being recruited. Not an hour's ride from here. Who are they? Do you know their name? I've got all their names written out right here and the time and place of their next meeting. Well, sit down, Mr. Cosby. Sit down. Tell me your story from the beginning. Well, sir, you see, I'm a shoemaker, but trade. But I was on the way to enlist. When I was going through Lisbeth town, I fell in with a traveler who mistook me for Tory. I take it he was one himself. Precisely, sir, a blasted Tory. But I stayed with him in his home for three days until I had all the names and facts good for you. Then I persuaded him that I was so eager to join the British I'd go on ahead of them. But instead I came here to Mr. Young and then he brought me here tonight. Here. Here's the list. Oh, yes, yes. Everything seems complete. Now, Young, will you go to Mr. Dewar's tell him I sent you an urgent invitation here with the other committee members? Yes, sir. I'll be glad to do whatever you say. I'll have them all here as quick as I can. Well, I wish we could discover more or all their plans had easily caught me. Oh, we could. I'm sure we could, sir. It would be a dangerous cost for any man caught me. Well, a man would have to be sharp as true, but if a man's business was plausible, he might deceive him if he was, say, an itinerant shoemaker. Ah, yeah. Perhaps you're right, Mr. Dewar. Yeah, I did it just one time. I could do it again, I reckon. If you succeed, Crosby, you deserve more credit than you'll ever get. But if you fail, well, I know. I'd be a spy. Is that it? That is it, Crosby. If you're ever caught by the British, we can do nothing for you. Absolutely nothing. And I'll see to it that the red coats never catch me. But the Americans themselves may catch you. Oh, but couldn't I set them right quick enough? No, Crosby. You could not. And be of any use to our cause. Oh, I see. Now, do you still want to be a spy? Yes, Mr. J. I do. And I'll risk my life for it. Little Harkov. Yes? There's a shoemaker outside of which to see you. I have no time for shoemaker today, Lieutenant. He says he has certain information of a rebel who may find interesting, sir. They all have information. It's all worthless. What is his name? Where is he from? His name is Crosby, he says. He's just come from White Plains. Well, send him in. To keep his eyes open at White Plains, he may be worth our while. Yes, sir. Little Harkov will see you. Thank you, sir. Thank you. Thank you. Well, sir, a hard good hard you do. Well, coming, Crosby, come in. I'd say you needn't bow so low as all that. Oh, I'm bowing, sir. Well, not rightly, but, you see, I'm a shoemaker, but trade, and I always like to see good boots on a man. I suppose you forget boots for the moment, Crosby, and hear the news of the rebels. You come from White Plains, I understand. Eh, yes, sir. And speaking of the rebels, none of them got boots to compare to yours. Not even General George wasn't in himself. Well, indeed. Can you tell me you're his cobbler? Oh, well, well, I get around, Colonel. And when you know a man's boot, you know the man pretty well, I always say. Now you take General Lincoln and come home. Come, Crosby, I want to know the strength of the rebels at White Plains. If you can tell me do so. If you can't be gone. Eh, if I do, will you let me make your next boot, sir? Oh, yes. Yes, we can arrange something, Crosby. Now, what of White Plains? Why, it was just that, sir. Yes, sir. General Lincoln took himself and his boots away from White Plains this morning, and there's only a company of 40. Just a minute, Crosby. Yes, sir. Get up here at the desk a moment. Oh, Crosby, some of my boots are in that cabinet over there. Take a look at them. They'll give you an idea of my style in these I'm wearing. Yes, sir, very well. I certainly will, sir. Just a minute. The fool told us more than he'll realize it. There's only one company of foot soldiers at White Plains. We can strike their sundays and catch the Hing-Sing rebels away from their market. What are you doing here? Amy's my darling. You're home. Amy, what are you doing here this time of night? I don't want to see your father. I just got him comfortable. Father? Did you hear him?  And I'm worried too, Amy. Oh, I miss you. I'm so glad you're back with me now. Oh, don't leave again. Oh, please, please, please, please. Let's not talk about that. You know what? Everybody's wondering which car you work for. My car, Katie? Well, my only cause is if you're making me. People don't think so, Amy. They say you're a Tory spy and that you must have been sorry when the British were beaten at White Plains. They say you've been played British role and that the wonder of the skinners haven't robbed you long ago. All those skinners in it. They're robbing faculty, everybody, and I'm afraid for you. Katie, do you believe all this about me? I must believe some of it, Amy. I know there's a price on your head. And I know Captain Townsend says you'll hang you on site. Oh, let's don't just see what's going to happen to you. Give it up. Let's move that. Hide. Hide quickly. We can all see. Maybe the skinners. Yes, it is the robbing skinners. Hide. I'm getting to go. No, no, no. They'd find me Katie.  Open up. We'll break down the door. Open up, Posse. We know you're in there. Make it in there. Here he is. Man, there's our pilot, a shoemaker's spy.  Not so far away, gentlemen, we come to tell. Please, please, be quiet, William, my father's asleep in the next room. Oh, we care not for an old man. Where's your money, Crosby? He has no gold. Now, be quiet, Katie, Anne. He has gold, sure enough. The king's gold. And King George is a good playmaster, I'm told. He's up. He's up. What's the matter? Please, please, my father's sick.  Well, now, Crosby, you show her the way. Then we'll see. Yeah, you go lift the corners on over there, the heart. You'll find it? Well, all I've got. Hurry up, Lance. Oh, I know. What is it there? Well, there's little gold. Well, I'll tell you, that's all I've got. The little landmaker's a cobbler. Now, where's your gold? All right, get along. You'll leave us alone. Wait. Just a moment, Lance. We've got some of the gold. Now, we want the rest. We want you, Crosby.  Keep quiet, Lance. You come along with us, Crosby. I don't. There's 50 Guineas rewards for you. We're taking you to Captain Townsend at the Continental Army. Come on, we said, Crosby. We're taking you to Townsend for the reward. 50 Guineas. Well, Crosby, you're my prisoner at last. No, it's due to that point, Captain Townsend. No, this, Crosby. I'm charging you with treason.  I've sworn publicly to have you hanged on site. I've heard you promise that. You heard correctly. Nothing good might change your mind. Nothing. Well, have I no right of appeal? You can appeal to General Washington if you like, but it'll do you no good. Well, it'll do me no harm. I would give you a few days. Very well, Crosby. But I advise you to put no store in it. I promise you, you'll hang. General Washington? Yes, sir. What is your turn? Order of the day, sir. Very well. What are they? A reply to the Poughkeepsie commander, sir. He's been promised reinforcement for his garrison. Yes, I remember. He's, uh, that old... There's a matter of the spy captured by Captain Townsend. He urges that you confirm the sentence of hanging. But I attend to a term. Yes, sir. Take care of it. Very good, sir. At once. Oh, uh, just a moment, sir. That, uh, that last matter. Who is this spy? He goes by the name of Inet Crosby, notoriously in communication with the enemy. Crosby. Crosby, yes, sir. I think I'll hold up his sentence. But, sir, this spy hasn't offered even the shadow of a defense. Nevertheless, I'm withholding my confirmation to the time being. As you say, he's in communication with the enemy. So, uh, suppose we escaped. Escape? Well, sir, I don't understand. Well, there are some things a lot of us don't understand, General. In this case, I must ask you to carry out my orders without question. Yes, sir. I want you to see to it that Crosby escaped with the information for him to deliver to the British. Information that would lead Sir Henry Clinton to hold his troops in New York, leaving Cornwall, a son protected at Yorktown. Then we will strike at Yorktown and, God willing, we will win the war. I'll give the order for Crosby's release at once. No, no, not releasing Colonel. We must permit him to escape, secretly. Um, find his wife for his sweethearts. You must have one or the other. You have heard to affect his escape. I'll say to that, General Washington. Do so, and, uh, remember Colonel, it must appear that we've been caught napping the prisoner's spy escape. But, uh, he'll be very wide awake at Yorktown. By Judas, that's good. I tell you, General, those are the very words General Washington said to Colonel Hamilton. I heard of myself. Well, I never would have believed it. Then the general, just like you'll meet, I know. Why, of course he is. It'd be as good a jailer as you or I. You should know him as I do. Now, what would he do with that spy Crosby we got in the jail here? He's a general, isn't he? He knows the fortunes of war. You mean the misfortune of the rope. That's the fate of a spy. What's that? Who's out there? You hear that? It's a woman this time of night. Who is it? It's me, Katie Haines. Oh, sure, sure. Katie Haines. She has a bright eye for Crosby in there. Well, what'll I do? Oh, let her in. Where's the harm in a pretty face, ever so often? Well, right there, right there. Come in, come in, Katie. Wait, no. What have you in that sack? It's in its tombaker sack with food in it to make up for what you don't give into it. Now, let me see what you've got there. Open it up, Katie. All right. Now, there you are. There's some food for the poor man and a fresh noggin of wine for you to warm your bones with this sharp knife. You hear that, my friend? Wine. That's good of you, Katie. I knew you'd be letting me see him for the wine. You're both fine gentlemen. You'll not be denying me. Not me.  Hey, Taylor? I'll be drinking your health, Katie Haines.  Thank you. And God's grace to you both. I'll not be staying long. Second door on your right. You'll find Crosby there, Katie. Waiting for you. Aye, I hope so. See you next. Katie, Katie, my darling. Oh, it's good to see you in it. I have some food here. Come out for a press of air, Taylor. I have something to tell you. Never mind your presence, all right. Peace and good company. Good night, Ariel. Do me good. I'm coming. Look, quick. What is it, Katie? The tall one, not the jailer. Well, who is he? He don't belong here. First time ever. I've seen him around the jail. He's from headquarters, unit. He gave me this parcel for you. There are papers in it you're supposed to read. Your instructions. Why? Instructions for what? That man came to see you to escape tonight and I'm to help. Escape? Now? No. You better go quickly when the jailer drops off to sleep. He never sleeps. He stays awake all night. You're warned tonight. Not after he drinks that wine I drugged. Oh. I tell you, Rawlings, we've got to get some information somehow. Sandra came to me spantig. The situation is desperate. Yes, I wish I could get hold of that shoemaker. Maybe he could tell us something. Of course. He's all up with our spy. The rebels have him with a rope around his neck. I wish we knew what those rabble and rags are planning to do next. Yes. What is it? The man's out here to see you, Colonel. I'm busy. He said he'd tell you it was the shoemaker. Crosby, escape.  We better see him, sir. Naturally. Have him come in orderly. Yes, sir. Then Margaret will see you. Yes, sir. Hello. Good morning, gentlemen. Good morning, good morning, good morning. Crosby, we thought we'd never see you upright again. What happened, then? A fellow like me's got a gleam in his eye for the girls. And there's always one that catches it. And rather than see me swing, she won't be stopping a drug and a jailer either. And then I walked out with a lot of news I've heard in the rebel camp. News? What news, Crosby? You wait. You here. We'll finish with you, my lad, where the rebels didn't, if it isn't the kind of news we want to hear. Oh, you want to hear it, all right, Colonel? Come, come, man, out with it. All right, then, all right, then. Now listen, it's this. The rebels are planning to attack New York. New York? Excellent, Crosby, excellent. This will certainly give Sir Henry Clinton enough time to prepare a proper reception. What a fatal error it would have been to have sent reinforcements to Cornwallis in Virginia. I knew it. Our cause will win, Crosby. I always knew that, Colonel. You were right, sir. Our cause will win, all right. October 19, 1781. The headquarters of General Washington at Yorktown, Virginia. The cause had won. Gentlemen! Gentlemen, one more cup before we go out to the parade ground. To our glorious victory. Just a moment, Colonel Hamilton. To General Washington, our commander, and the eternal memory of this day here at Yorktown. General Washington. Thank you. Thank you, gentlemen. General Lafayette, may I call your attention to the music? Perhaps you and France are not acquainted with the brave old tune. The world turned upside down. Well, it certainly turned our world right-side up. Well, may it ever remain so. Shall we go, gentlemen? Come in. A message from Lord Cornwallis, General Washington. He will not be able to present his sword to you this day. He's suddenly been taken ill. He has instructed General O'Hara to deliver his sword to you. Thank you. Ill? He does healthy as a bull. There's an insult to you, General Washington, in this sudden illness. It's not my Lord Cornwallis that surrenders. It's his sword, a symbol of British defeat. We have one gentleman, and that's all that matters. General Lincoln, will you receive Lord Cornwallis' sword in my name? In your name, yes. I will, General Washington. General O'Hara, I have the honor of representing General Washington. It is my Lord Cornwallis' sword, General Lincoln, in token of his surrender. Good day, sir. You keep your appointment, Mr. Jay. This is our last meeting, Mr. Cotney. The war is over. Yes. I suppose you must be right, sir. We wanted your town, and now America's free. So am I. Free once more to go with my head up among my neighbors. Can you do that now or ever, Cotney? But I don't know. Can't I, Mr. Jay? But I've been a spy. They've always thought I was a spy. I'm a pro-ray spy. Would they change their opinion now? It's hard to overcome suspicion, Crosby. Your neighbors don't know that you never betrayed information to the enemy, unless we authorize you. We know what you've done, Crosby, but I doubt that your neighbors will ever understand it. You've made a great sacrifice, and you've done your country a noble service. That's a reward enough, sir. Thank you. I can do a little more. I can now pay you in part for that service. This isn't much, but it may help you to start again. No, no, no, thank you, sir, but no. No, what I did, I didn't do for money, but to serve our country as you and General Washington did. But, Crosby, our situations are different. We have gained some honor, but you have gained only the reputation of a traitor to America. And you may go to your grave for that reputation. Is there nothing I can do for you? Well, just give me your hand, sir, as you haven't given me your friendship. No matter what people will think of me, I'll always try to remember that no sacrifice, no matter if it's a lifelong one, is ever too great to ask of any man in the service of his country. Well, goodbye, sir.  Oh, get along, boy. Get along, man. Goodbye. Crosby. The story told a young American author, James Fenimore Cooper, by an aging jurist, patriot, and American statesman, John Jay. It was that same author, Cooper, who immortalized this story in the first truly American novel, The Spy. The adventures were similar. The name was not. Americans know The Spy as the story of one Harvey Birch. In reality, the hero of The Spy is Enos Crosby. For among the unheralded facts of American history, the name and story of the Revolutionary War shoemaker, patriot and spy, Enos Crosby, is secure. And tonight, he takes an honored place in the cavalcade of America. Thank you, Henry Hall. We're happy to have had you as our guest on the cavalcade of America. And now, before Dr. Monahan brings us news of next week's program, we have a story from the wonder world of chemistry. One day over 1,600 years ago, the Roman emperor Aurelian had to be a stern husband. His wife asked him to buy her a new silk mantle. History records the fact that the emperor said, no, in a firm voice, because the mantle would cost too much. In those days and for many centuries afterward, textile fabrics of all kinds were not only costly, but also poor in quality compared with modern textiles. And much of the beauty and long wear and low cost that you find in textiles today is due to chemistry. Nature provides fibers from plants and animals, and man spins them into threads and weaves them into fabrics. Chemistry helps man put them into usable form. Wool, for example, has to be cleaned and cleaned before it's fit to use. Today, chemistry provides solvents and soap-like products to clean wool far better than in generations past and at lower cost. Nearly all textile fibers and fabrics have to be bleached, and this too is done by chemistry. Then there's a dyeing process to give fabrics the colors you want. In the early days, it was done with vegetable and animal dyes. Some of them so costly that only the rich could afford goods of certain colors. Now chemistry steps forward to the rainbow of colors men never dreamed of before, so inexpensive that everyone can afford them. And within the past 20 years, American chemists and DuPont laboratories have created fast dyes that stand up under the strongest sunlight and remain bright and fresh through repeated washing. Even after the fabrics are woven, the chemist's work goes on for years-developed products that make textiles resist either water or fire. DuPont recently introduced a new durable water repellent that lasts the life of the garment. The chances are you own outdoor clothing that has been treated to make it resist moisture. When it comes to cleaning fabrics, chemistry provides new solvents for dry cleaning that really take out re-spots and grime. And your laundry relies on efficient but harmless chemical products to keep white things white and to keep colors bright and fresh. Further research on textiles is being carried on every day in DuPont laboratories to continue to fulfill the DuPont pledge better things for better living through chemistry. And now the Cavalcade of America's historian, Dr. Frank Monahan of Yale University. Next week, Cavalcade will present the Stolen General, a rollicking story of a Fourth of July celebration in Rhode Island in 1777. The most spectacular part of the celebration was the daring, almost mad exploit of a youthful lieutenant, William Barton, whose role will be taken by the distinguished young actor John Garfield. It is probably the secret ambition of every soldier to steal into the enemy's midst and kidnap the commanding officer. The capture of the British general, Prescott, in his night shirt, was hailed by General Washington who said that America might well rejoice because a black cloud had been lifted in an evil hour. This was precisely what Lieutenant Barton did as a sitting celebration for the first anniversary of American independence. Before we say good night, we would like all the friends of our guest star, Henry Hull, to know that his latest picture, My Son, My Son, will soon be playing at their local theaters after his world premiere next week here in New York City. Cavalcade next week presents John Garfield in the Stolen General. On tonight's program, the orchestra and musical effects run the direction of Don Burry. This is Battle Rise Dale saying good night and best wishes from DuPont. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


I must have been eight the first time I saw one. I was in third grade. We were learning about plants and trees and how the ones right outside started out as seeds. No one ever told me how much of a treasure they were.  That their value exceeds that of a da Vinci or Monet. Farmers are like art gallery curators and painters themselves. Marble floors soft like soil, peering between blades of grass like a magnifying glass. Brushstrokes careful in this act of restoration. Cultivation. The sun a chandelier. Golden rays like candles burning flames. Beating down on hunched backs. On callous hands. Shining armor worn but still reflects where we were. Still protects where we ought to be. In the kingdom of crops, a castle of culture, of community, of your grandmother's oldest recipe, a taste just as it did the first time. At her beginning and my end, your past and my future, our present gift of time spent waiting for seeds to grow. The seeds we sow in scattered grass in third grade class. And like birds perched, we wait.


Ladies and gentlemen, the American Broadcasting Company brings transcribed to its entire network one of radio's most unusual programs Pat Novak or higher Pat Novak for hire Pat Novak for hire Down on the waterfront in San Francisco. You always bite off more than you can chew It's tough on your windpipe, but you don't go hungry And down here a lot of people figure it's better to be a fat guy in a graveyard than a thin guy in a stew That way you can be sure of a tight fit Well, I rent boats and do anything else that makes a sound like money It works out. All right.  I Found that out Wednesday night about nine o'clock. I closed the shop early and I came home to read It wasn't a bad book if you ever wanted to start a forest fire It was one of those historical things and the girl in it wandered around like a meat grinder and ribbons That was moving along. All right She was just getting her second wind before going after the world's record when the door to my apartment opened and the place began to get kind of crowded Where I sat the crowd looked good She saw it in moving slowly from side to side like a hundred and eighteen pounds of warm smoke Her voice was all right to Reminded you of a furnace full of marshmallows. Good evening Yeah, thanks for knocking. I don't think you mind my coming in without warning No, I get the cabin smell from next door the same way.  No, I won't you'll save dough if you look up a bartender All right, I came to use you instead of your whiskey anyway. Let's hear my name is Lee into wood I'll give you $300 to do something for me. It'll only take an hour. That's too much dough unless it's a murder And if it is murder, it's not enough dough. Are you afraid? I just don't like paid murder I told you when you get caught the pain gets expensive if it were murder. I do it myself Mr. Novak, I want you to frighten someone for me. Why don't you hire a friend? Are they too pretty? It's a man named Dixie Gillian. You'll find him in an office down on Folsom Street at this address I promise nothing will happen to you. That's what they told Benedict Arnold. He'll be in this office until 11 tonight I want you to go in its scene tell him you're from Adrian and then he's to get out of town by tomorrow noon Suppose he wants to put it off. He won't Don't let him know who hired you. Just tell him Adrian said to leave Look lady, you better go on home for 300 bucks. I won't buy a tissue paper plot now. Tell me more say goodbye There's not much more.   Novak? It's gonna be a long summer put it on the table good and you'll need this too No, you keep that. I don't want a gun. It's empty. Don't worry See no shells. It's perfectly safe. Now look sis. I got a nasty disposition You can rent that for 300 bucks, but if you want more find a gun, so I don't want you to be a gun That's why I want you to use this gun. I know it's empty use it on Dixon. He'll scare fast It's just a way to say some breath. All right, it's your 300. You'd better go now. Yeah, wait.  She had pretty good spots, too Well, I put the gun in my overcoat pocket and I went down a Folsom Street The address was down near the bridge entrance and the street was deserted except for a couple of winos near the corner Trying to buy back 1926 at a dollar a jug. I Stopped in front of the place. It was a machinery company And I could see a light burning in the back. I Began to walk through the place Was so quiet you could hear a worm with whooping cough and there were enough shadows around to keep a ghost happy for years When I got to the office back in the corner through the glass I could see a man sitting at the desk When I opened the door and walked in he didn't seem surprised Come on in mister You're bad on noise. Yeah, that's right You make too much for a thief and not enough for a customer What do you want?  You better look up a timetable What makes you that tough this? Well, you look tougher with a gun. Does it make you talk faster? Oh look, I'm gonna say it's slow, mister Pack up your robbers and get out. Is that you talking or somebody else? I'm just the guy with a gun Adrian does the talking And he says get out. That's right.  I will oh you'll need part of it though Because I'm gonna give you an answer for Adrian I'm gonna take that gun away from you, mister You can pick the pieces out of your head on the way home. You better stand back or I'll share it with you You've got your offer mister. Let's see you make good.  Sometimes you can get a home run with a half swing. That's the way it was this time He couldn't have made it with a prayer book in both hands He slid down to the floor and trembled for a minute and then flattened out like a leaf in a pool of water Just before he died he grabbed his side as if he didn't like the way it hurt and then he didn't care I Rolled him on his back and let him look at the ceiling His eyes were open and he looked surprised like a guy who didn't figure on a change in the weather There was a scar that ran across his forehead and dug deep into his hairline And he was lying there with a bunch of pink gum showing as if he was trying to pick up a few bucks with a toothpaste ad Well, I didn't have time to tell him how sorry I was because of homicide caught me here I'd have about as much chance as a canary in a basement full of cats. I Started for the door, but right then I knew I could start ordering bird seed It was Helman and he walked over to look at the body Hello, Novak. The guy looks embarrassed. Yeah, I guess he is Helman. What's he doing dead? Putting in a beef somewhere. I guess he rates it. He'll like you for that Novak How did happen a team play we worked it out together, but you've got the gun That's right. I got the gun You feel like a bet no just keep stealing the old way You know how I feel Novak you feel flabby to anybody else, but to yourself I suppose you feel good Look, I walked in here with a gun there was some quick fight talk and I killed him But it's still not a good wrap I can get a long price on it for you know that I'll bet you can Helman You can give me a bad deal But part of the time it'll be from the other side of the deck worse than that Novak It'll be all the time and I want to watch you because I think you're gonna be a crybaby I'm gonna scream if that's what you mean Helman I'm gonna scream about a gal that sent me in here with an empty gun That's a big hole for a cap pistol Novak. I got a last-minute curve. It was empty once. Yeah That's the only way they make a gun. I Don't want you for an hour ago. I want you for this dead guy on the floor.  I don't know him. He may even be a good guy I'm sorry. He's dead. All right. No back. Just wait a few weeks. You can tell him personally Someone had me up against the rail and he knew it When we left there, he was wearing a big toothy smile. It was big enough to sew on his ears He called the coroner and told him to pick up the stiff and then we rode downtown He dropped the gun into ballistics and hauled me into his office The reporters were there. He gave them the whole story and told him how to spell Helman After that we wound up at the desk and he booked me on suspicion of murder The next hour and a half was the kind of stuff they don't write about in the paper They call it interrogation and when you're finished you've been through a lot of tight spots like an atom up at Caltech About 11 o'clock Helman brought me into his office and from there on it happened kind of fast I just talked to the DA.  You can't identify we'll find out all about the dead guy You can't count his fingers without making a mistake if you want to know who he is talk to that girl Her name is Lee Underwood. We've been through all that Novak now. Suppose you tell me who Dixie Gillian is I don't know Helman the girl said his name was Dixie Gillian.  I don't have to Novak I've got the only parlay.  I saw him standing over the dead guy They must have made a mistake. That's all No, no, I don't want him in here. I don't want him in here. Hey Tony Tony I'm getting pale you need some more rouge Helman. I Got some bad news inspector. Well keep it or you'll take more home to your wife I'll talk to you later. I'll talk to him now Helman if that bullet doesn't match the gun talk to him now That's right inspector a 38 bullet, but it won't match the gun you brought in It's got a match I came in and found him standing there.  I'm going home.  I can hold you on suspicion of murder But it'll hurt tomorrow morning Helman the papers will be down for a follow-up and you'll have to tell him What it looks like out in left field I'll handle them they can't afford to let them start laughing at you people get the idea it's your face You can save car fare if you stay right here because I'll have your back bite noon tomorrow You're not that good Helman you couldn't hold a moth of a search like the town ought to thank you What oh it's a nice jail Helman with you around it'll last for years When I walked out of headquarters I had a nice mess to juggle It was like trying to walk the baby on a floor full of marbles If things didn't add up for Helman they weren't going to do any better for me I knew that gun I had went off if it did what happened to the bullet and where did the other one come from And why weren't there two shots Well, I couldn't put my finger on a thing and nothing added up It was like trying to follow a grain of rice in a Shanghai suburb So I looked up lee interwoods address and I went by her apartment The girl downstairs told me that she worked at a nightclub out on the bay shore highway Now I had to hit a couple of places so I look up the only honest guy I know An ex doctor in a boozer by the name of jaco madigan A good man until he began to figure the last drink in the bottle is just as easy to get at as the first I found him in a little leather trim sink on powell street It was a grimy little hole where they washed the glasses once a week in stale beer But jaco was more at home than a vulture and calcutta Ah Patsy or just in time to celebrate my return to health Something mild for mr. Novak a double stinger perhaps. No forget it jaco. I gotta talk to you patsy I've just passed through a crisis a few minutes ago They set before me a glass with a woman's lipstick all around the ring All right jaco I took one gulp and looked at the glass and in this dim light. I thought I was bleeding to death It took them 10 minutes and three mirrors to calm me down jaco. I'm in trouble. You gotta help me But they washed the glass for me in ammonia They must have left a little ammonia in the glass because the next drink had a very odd tang about it I've had three more just like it. I sort of ammonia collins all right all right so far They've been using domestic ammonia when the imported stuff comes in I may give up whiskey all together Calm down will you jaco? I got a bum shake tonight. Yes. I either killed a guy or thought I did that uses up the alternatives What are you doing now taking a vote? I got hired to scare a guy down on Folsom street 10 minutes later The guy was dead pat see you take your work too seriously Couldn't you have just scared him into a lingering illness instead of killing him? One of the props was an empty gun only when the fight came it grew bullets helman walked in right after on a telephone tip What are you doing out of the gas chamber? The whole thing backfired down at headquarters The bullet and the phony gun wouldn't match. Oh, it doesn't add up jaco. That called a helman's a tip off I was framed, but why wasn't I framed all the way? Who is the dead man? Just a guy with a falling blood count his name was supposed to be Dixie Gillian, but there's no identification and no record on him You shouldn't have hired out as a gun.  I'll cry with you later. I need help now what sort of help I want you to break into a girl's apartment. Yes, don't worry. She won't be home Ah, is that supposed to be an incentive? It's at this address here up on O'Farrell. Her name is lee underwood She's the one who hired me if the girl's not there What am I supposed to find anything that'll connect her with a dead man?  Oh hurry up. Will you jaco leave the glass alone and get going don't rush me hurry up? Will you the glass is empty anyway? Yes, that's what you thought about that gun But the fellow got an awful jolt out of it. Good night lover I went by a horse parlor on O'Farrell street and borrowed a car from a guy It was after midnight when I started down the bay shore highway and About a half hour later. I pulled up in front of the cat's paw Was a long rambling place on the left side of the road There was no plan. It just followed the erosion line until they ran out of material It was enough neon in front to light a main intersection in heaven In the lobby, I saw a picture of lee underwood one of those shadowy things It was supposed to make you think she'd die in a cold climate She was sitting at a piano with a little microphone in front of her and you got the idea right away She didn't have much of a voice but plenty of songs that made your wife lean over and ask you to explain I asked a 50 year old bus boy and he said she was back in her dressing room getting ready for the one o'clock show When I walked in she was sitting in front of a mirror working on an upswept hairdo If she swept it up anymore it was going to leave her head I stood behind her looking at the pink fresh part of her neck that didn't show when the hair was down You seem fascinated Betsy No, I just want to know where to break it. Oh Sit down on the footstool next to me That's it I like to look down on people Let me brush that strand of hair back Or do you like it in your eyes? No brush it back so I can see your answers. Who's Dixie Gillian? What difference does it make none to him and some to me he's dead No, I couldn't be dead. Yeah, well, he'd like to believe that too I couldn't sell him that story about an empty gun. He couldn't have been killed with that gun No, no, I put in a blank passie. Somebody used a hard-working bullet because Dixie's dead. There was no reason to kill him I don't understand. Yeah, well, that makes you even with homicide, but they got a bigger team Now look, I made a diagram angel up at my place. I ran over murder with you. I don't like it If you kill people, you don't get invited out enough. So if you were me on this one, I'm going to push you all away Don't understand it Betsy. Who's Dixie Gillian? He was after some microfilm. I thought I could scare him away You better be ready to identify him because homicide stopped even that scar didn't help What scar? The scar across his face. There's no record on him. No, no, Betsy Everything goes wrong. Everything you touch goes wrong That's the wrong man, Betsy Yeah, well, it's too late for a recount. You've got to get to that body, Betsy I don't know how, but somewhere you've got to get to him I'll make a nice picture. Wait a minute, Dixie. You don't need your coat Come on. I don't know how it happened, Dixie. I didn't mean it that way. If you like it that way, all right Bring your boyfriend too. No, don't let him, Betsy The gun's too big. I'm going with him There was a short trip. He led us out of the dressing room and down a thin hall to the back door On the way past the kitchen, you could smell onions and used grease and That's about all you noticed except the sound of a jukebox somewhere out in front And somebody laughing in a loud, mirthless way When we got to the door, it was raining outside We walked about 40 feet over near some trees where the dark was working overtime And the gunsole made her stop Pick your spot, Lee. You can't be that crazy, Dixie She's gonna get wet, mister.  It was still raining. I was lying on top of the mud like a stubborn seed My wallet was gone and the gunsole had ripped open my pockets I stood up and walked over for a last look at Lee The rain had washed the makeup off her face And she looked small and tired as she lay there Like a broken doll that had been tossed out in the rain I guess she was Well, I got to my car and I drove back to town I checked my place, but there was no word from Jaco. So I went up to Lee's apartment When I opened the door the room was dark, but I knew somebody was on the rug Either that or they'd varnished the floor with bourbon I flipped on the light and bent over Jaco Hey, hey, wake up, Jaco. All right, Jaco. Come on. Wake up. Come on A little ammonia.  I was sapped, I guess Everybody's got the same act tonight Help me up Where have you been? I went down to meet the girl Where'd you meet her in a swimming pool? I've been in the rain all night. She's gonna stay longer What'd you find out? The fellow with the skies, her husband. Yeah There's a picture in the desk. Are there any more pictures? A few. Take a look We're in here. Yes Well, well Who's he? It must be Dixie Gillian. He was down to pay off a debt tonight. She called him Dixie once There's a note with that name and an address in the other drawer. He's our boy. We better get up there Not if he's already killed two other people. We can't wait for helman if he gets away I'm all through I won't have a leg to stand on that's my point when the other fellow gets through with us We won't have much standing to do I felt better now Gillian was the only guy left in the picture.  So we tried the door and it was open Jaco didn't like the idea Folly risking my life is one of the bravest things you do keep still jaco What are we supposed to do the door was open when that saw a lot of graves? But I've never been tempted. Hey look at the furniture. There's been a fight in here I'll look in here.  If I'm not right back. Don't expect me at all. All right Patsy. Yeah, patsy come here. All right. There's something on the fire escape.  He was leaning that way when I first saw him. All right, I'll get on this side.  Raise it a little more. All right He's still leaning there. I can reach out. All right. Watch yourself if he's kidding you'll lose an arm I've got it. Good. Raise the window more. Okay. Patsy he's falling. Give me a hand. Oh here. Let me through there It's too late. I can't hold it. Hang on jaco. He's falling. Oh, I'm sorry Well, he was probably dead anyway if he wasn't that was a step in the right direction Now it was an easy night to die Three of them had checked out already and there was still time to look for more Jaco and I went downstairs to see the guy It was lying face down in the alley and as you look at him you got the funny feeling he belonged there He didn't disturb the scene. He just fitted in like a dirty wet newspaper under a grandstand There was a gun in his pocket probably the same one that killed the girl, but there was no way of knowing Jaco and I watched him for a minute, but your eyes begin to hurt when you see your only warm lead in a deep freeze Was passed to when I got down to headquarters and looked up helman I briefed him on the girl and the guy in the alley and then I asked him if any microfilm had turned up on the first guy in the morgue That was a waste of time helman couldn't find a brass ring in a dead man's nose But we went over to the morgue for another look So far it was working out like a crossword puzzle torn in half It's your time. No bank. I got more after tomorrow. You haven't the microfilm must be on the guy Three people have been killed for it when I got roughed up just for laughs. We searched the guy once And here it is all right Help me roll it out. Yeah Well, well He sure got thin under that sheet didn't wait a minute. Oh you run a good morgue helman What'll the paper say when they hear the stiff got up and walked out? They got him in the wrong place or something. He didn't walk out. Well, he's gone helman. You got an answer He's been moved.  You do it with one in your head. Don't sell the guy short When helman found out the body was gone He stood there and stared at the empty slab And then he started looking around in a nervous way like a man trying to find the sugar bowl at a restaurant counter A few minutes later he turned and walked out of the morgue and we were halfway downtown when it happened It must have hit us at the same time sharp and quick like a piece of candy and a bad tooth The guy back in the alley had come off that slab in the morgue We got out to dixie's place and we began to check There was a phone operator downstairs and she said that dixie had put through a call about two hours ago Helman checked the number and it was the ticket office of a railroad We got downtown and ran through the timetable. There was a train leaving the oakland mole in about 40 minutes Well, it was an outside chance, but tonight that was the only kind for sale We got down in time to slide on the last ferry over to the mole It was still dark out when the ferry pulled away from the slip and started across the bay But over toward the berkeley hills. It was beginning to get light The sky was the color of a bruise spot on a man's arm We'll get up to the pallet house and tell him not to dark until we've gone through all the passengers He doesn't have to be on this one. We'll check the train when we get there Wait a minute You don't have to check There's your boy. Where up there on the rail. See now. You better go easy helman. He's not a scale model Walk quietly until we're behind him. All right, turn around mister You'll get a better view Hello, no thank How was the wind and the rain in your hair meet inspector helman? You better turn in your ticket. I hope you brought your muscle Grab him helman All right, copper watch it and be pissed over on the rail. I'm worried helman watch it. No back. I'm going over here It's one down mister Now for you Handed on the deck and watched him disappear into the dark halfway down the guy turned in I got up and followed him down the ladder and along the main deck He ducked into one of the engine spaces and I started in the look form It didn't take long because he turned out to be real helpful You got the idea yet. No back. I'll come closer. Tell me then suit yourself But I'll knock you down hard when you show What's that platform you're backing into trouble stay back there. No back watch out for that platform Will you you're backing into the engine? Ah, I wound up last Yeah, that's the way it looks Did you get the microfilm? Yeah, I got a big hurt Does it show? A little it's been a long night. No back. Huh?  It's almost dawn I don't know if I can use it But I'll give it to you I'll slick a few minutes later If the first time his hair ever looked good Fixie Gillian lasted long enough to piece the story together for homicide Lee Underwood knew her husband was carrying microfilm and she was worried so she hired me to scare off Gillian Oh, it might have worked too But the first slip came when Lee's husband went by to make a deal with Dixie without telling her When I jumped him Dixie was outside and figured it was a double cross So he killed him with a silencer when that phony gun that Lee gave me went off Dixie knew that the microfilm was still on the dead man The only way it could be sure was to get the body out of the morgue He took it up to his apartment and when he got the film he planted the gun and put the body on the fire escape It was a little safer that way It was a 50-50 chance the police had missed it the first time around and he'd have a fair lead Almost worked out for him except for that phone call The microfilm was in a capsule next to the roof of the guy's mouth so old it was new again Well, Helman asked only one question In that fight, did I have anything to do with pushing him against the rail? I told him sometimes those ferry boats roll as much as 45 degrees The American Broadcasting Company has just brought you the tenth of a new series Pat Novak for hire Starring Jack Webb Pat Novak is produced and directed by William B. Russo Jack O'Matigan is played by Tudor Owen Inspector Helman is played by Raymond Burr Music was composed and conducted by Basil Adlum Be with us again next week when over most of these same ABC stations we'll bring you Pat Novak for hire This program came to you transcribed from Hollywood This is ABC the American Broadcasting Company


Diagnosing a disease in today's world is all about super sensitive, highly specific molecular techniques. They are faster, precise and so much more reliable than the older practices. All we have to do is submit our samples and boom results by midnight. I don't think anyone could have imagined something like that about 60-ish years ago. Take ELISA for example or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, one of the most highly specific and accurate tests out there. ELISA works on the principle of antigen and antibody reactions. You know these proteins that our body produces whenever there's an infectious agent inside of us? Those proteins are called antibodies and that infectious agents they are the antigens and they're super, super specific to each other. Like this antibody X, if this green colored antibody is antibody X, then it will only bind to antigen X and no one else. This pink colored blob right over here, that's antigen X. So this antibody X will only bind to antigen X and no one else. And using this unique style of interactions ELISA can detect all sorts of antigens, antibodies and even other types of proteins like glycoproteins and hormones. Now there are many types of ELISA techniques but the most common and the most specific one is the sandwich type. Yes, there's something called a sandwich ELISA and sadly it does not involve the food that we all love. So we're gonna get rid of this sandwich right here. So the most common and the most specific type of ELISA technique is the sandwich ELISA type. Okay, so let's try out something here. Let's say that we want to find out if a person has HIV or not using the sandwich type of ELISA. Now there are two ways ELISA can detect HIV. One way is to detect certain HIV proteins which will act as the antigens and the other way is to detect the antibodies that would be produced by the patient's body against the virus. Here let's try to detect the antibodies produced against HIV. In order to get started we're gonna need two things. One we're gonna need a blood sample from the patient and the second thing we're gonna need is this plate or tray in which ELISA is carried out and these tiny circles that you can see. Let's zoom in a little bit so that you guys can see it. So these tiny circles that you can see inside the tray these are called wells. Each of these tiny circles they are called wells. Now let's zoom into one of these wells and see exactly what happens during ELISA. Each of these wells is coated with certain HIV proteins. So these triangles which you can see over here these are the HIV proteins aka they are the antigens. So they are the antigens. Now what we're gonna do is that we're gonna add the blood sample into this well, the well with the fixed HIV proteins at the base. Now if the person indeed has the virus their body is going to produce antibodies against the virus against HIV. So if the blood sample contains these antibodies so these Y shaped green colored structures these are the HIV antibodies. Now if these antibodies are present in the sample they are going to bind with these antigens which are present at the base of the well. And just like that we're gonna have our very first antigen antibody binding. So it's gonna look something like this. So you can see that the antibodies have bound with the HIV proteins aka the antigens and it's gonna look something like this. So this is the first antigen antibody binding that has already occurred. In the next step we're gonna add another antigen an enzyme linked antigen. So this is now this antigen is also a HIV protein that will bind with the HIV antibody as you can see it has happened. So this square thingy that you can see this is the enzyme linked antigen. Now this antigen is also HIV protein like I said and it will bind with the HIV antibody. The only difference is that it comes attached with an enzyme. So this pink dot that you can see attached this is the enzyme. Okay so it goes something like this that we have the fixed antigen at the bottom on top of that we have that antibody the HIV antibody and then we have this enzyme linked antigen which is also attached to the HIV antibody. Now this enzyme it could be multiple different things but the most common one that we use is something called HRP or horseradish peroxidase. Why do we always use this and why is this so common because it's cheap and it's super stable. So we use this enzyme most of the time. Now in the final step we're gonna add a substrate for this HRP enzyme and that substrate is this colorless compound called TMB or its full name is tetramethyl benzidine. I know it's a huge name so we'll just stick to TMB instead of this methamethyl benzidine. Really long name. Now when this HRP enzyme acts on this TMB substrate it produces a blue colored compound and the entire solution turns from colorless to completely blue. So you see these blue dots this is the blue colored compound and this turns the entire solution blue, completely blue. The minute we get this blue solution it confirms the presence of the HIV antigen and now we can conclude that the person really does have HIV in their bloodstream. By the way did you notice the sandwich right here? The HIV antibody is sandwiched between two HIV antigen so one antibody is bound to two antigens. It cannot get any more specific than this. On the other hand what do you think would have happened if the person didn't have HIV? Well in that case if the person's blood sample didn't have these HIV antibodies then nothing would bind to these HIV proteins inside the well. No antigen antibody interaction would take place. Even the enzyme linked antigens wouldn't have anything to bind to because there are no antibodies. Then what would happen? Well the enzyme would be absent so there would be nothing present to turn the substrate blue so the solution will remain colorless confirming the absence of the HIV antigen and that is how ELISA has made detection so much more effective and efficient compared to the older techniques.