Good afternoon everyone and welcome to another session of your academic literacy, so especially the numeracy literacy, where we're looking at the basic skills for the basic skills, looking at statistical skills. Please make sure every week you join the session, you complete the register, the link will always be shared in the chat. I will keep on reminding everyone during the course of the session as well and then I will also repost the link as the session progresses and then also at the end of the session. If you have any technical issues or you do not see any recordings or you are unable to get to the schedule, please send an email to CTNTAT at unisa.ac.za and use your My Life email address when you communicate with Unisa. If you have any questions relating to your module, where you touch on the content of your module, you are not understanding how certain things you need to be answering certain questions, you can send an email to me at unisa.ac.za and copy CTNTAT at unisa.ac.za. Those are the two important emails that you should always have. Like I said, welcome to your session. The basic statistics for human sciences, where we look at the statistical skills of your PSYCH3704. For the day session, we're going to concentrate mainly on basic probabilities. The plan, not for August but for September, is as follows. On the 6th of September, there are your dates from the 6th of September up until the 27th and the topics that we're going to be covering each week. So please familiarize yourself with this. The session plans and the notes are always uploaded onto the platform, My Unisa platform. You can access it via the link. I think if you are already on the WhatsApp group, you already have the link to access the notes and the recordings and the session plans. They're all in the same, almost the same place. Before we start with today's session, are there any questions, comments or queries that you have, anything that you want me to address before we start with today's session? Remember, there is a thing called unmute. I know that in the beginning, we put up a slide that says mute yourself. So when I ask a question, I expect you to unmute and talk to me. Gabby, we will share the WhatsApp link closer to the end of the session or as we progress. Please talk to me. Let me hear you because I'm not sure if you are hearing me unmute yourself and talk to me. Do you have any questions, comments? All good. No questions from me. Thank you very much. Oh, yeah. Thank you. At least now I know that I'm not alone. Yes, I'm here. Thank you. Hello. So let's hope we keep this momentum of talking to one another and not let it be a one way. Yeah, let's make the session fun. Okay, so since there are no questions or comments or queries, just give me a second. Okay, so let's get you to understand and learn more about probabilities. For this session, you just need your calculator and your formulas. If you don't have a calculator, you need to go buy yourself a calculator or go borrow a calculator from someone because most of your module, because it's research, it's statistics, it's quantitative. You are required to do some little bit of calculations, but I will show you how to do some of these calculations. They are easy, straightforward, but you need to know the formulas. It's very, very important to always remember the formulas and know them. When you were writing face to face, when UNISA was writing face to face, they would give students the formula sheet that makes it easier for them to know which formula to use. Since you are writing online, I'm going to assume that they allow you to bring your own formulas to the exam and you can use that. So you need to make sure that you have a formula sheet that you create for yourself for every little thing that you do so that when you write either your assignment or your exam, you have something close by that you can always refer to. Okay, so by the end of the session today, we're going to learn the key concepts of basic probabilities. Remember, this is also not Psych 3704, it's not tutorial, so I'm going to touch basically at the high level statistical concepts. So it might not relate 100% exactly to your content that you have in your module, because this is not about Psych 3704, it's about statistical literacy. So but I will try by all means to find examples that matches up to what your module refers to. And I will also try to look for certain concepts and refer to them the way your module refers to them so that then we have a synergy or I don't create any confusion. But basically, like I said in my first session, I'm not a Psych 3, I'm not a psychological research person, I don't have a background in terms of psychological research. I've got background in terms of pure statistics. So I will try by all means to bring everything to the spike research level in terms of explaining some of the concepts. So bear with me if I explain something and it still doesn't make sense for you, let me know so that I can find another example to make it easier for you to understand. So we're going to look at the basic concepts of basic probabilities, we're going to look at the probability rules, including the general addition rule, independent multiplication rule, mutually exclusive rules and conditional probabilities as well. What I'm not touching on is the Bayer's rule because Bayer's and conditional probabilities almost look exactly the same but with the Bayer's rule it means you look at the conditional probabilities prior and use the prior knowledge to create your probabilities. But I'm not going to touch on that. Okay, so looking at basic probability concepts. So we normally do use probabilities on our daily basis or on a frequent, but you sometimes are not aware that you are using the concept of basic probabilities. For example, who of you in the morning watches the weather and look at whether it's going to be raining or it's going to be hot? Most of us we do, right? And when you look at the weather they always give you some percentage in terms of whether it's going to rain or not then they might say that there is a 80% chance of rain or 60% chance of rain and that percentage that they tell us helps us to make a decision based on that. So if they give you the likelihood of something happening that is part of probability. So you are using probabilities. So hopefully by me making this example of probabilities you are now feeling at ease in terms of probabilities. You always use things like the chance that I'm going to make it tomorrow is this. I might not make it tomorrow.  If any one of you who plays lotto you are playing a game of chances because lotto is about the chance of winning. It's about the likelihood of you winning the lotto and so on. So you are using probabilities so feeling so we're not going to be introducing things that you're not familiar with. So a probability is a chance that an uncertain event will occur and that probability will always have a value of between zero and one. So what do we mean by zero and one? It means you cannot get a negative value when you are calculating probabilities. You cannot get a value more than one because always your probabilities are represented in decimals. Unless if they ask you for a percentage or a proportion probabilities are always in decimal format like 0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 1 if I'm calculating in percentage form so it will be 0% to 100% so it will always lie between 0% and 100% or it will be between 0 and 1. So when you are calculating any question they ask you about probabilities and you get a value like 2. You know that there is something that you have done wrong. You haven't calculated your probability correctly. So a certain event that is the event that will happen definitely will happen for example a sun will come up in the morning. Definitely always 100% the sun always comes up in the morning. That is a certain event and that event has a probability of one. An uncertain event will be a probability that you are not sure. An uncertain event can either be you are not sure close to 60% not sure or 20% not sure. That is what an uncertain event an impossible event would be an event that cannot happen like it will never, never ever. It will never happen. An example of an event that can never happen. Which example can I use that can never happen. There is nothing that comes to my mind right now. A horse cannot become a dog. A dog horse. A horse that is a dog. That is an event that can never happen.  That is an event that can never happen. An event is something that it's occurring, it's happening. That is what we call an event. When we assess the probabilities sometimes like I spoke about the sun coming up. When we talk about the sun coming up we're talking about an event. An event is when the sun is coming up. There are three ways that we assess probabilities. Other than knowing that we know that we have an impossible event and a possible event, an uncertain event. There are three approaches for us to assess the probability of an event happening. The next one is called a priority. A priority refers to the chance or the likelihood of an event happening when there is a finite amount of outcomes. Each and every outcome has the likelihood of occurring. That is the normal probability that we use. When you know that an event will or might happen. In that event you are sure of you are able to count the number of outcomes that can come out of that event. And each and every outcome from that event has the likelihood of happening. That is what we call a priority. And usually to calculate the probability of an event happening or an occurrence of an event. We use the number satisfying that event divided by the total. And the total year might be a sample space. For example, we know if I have a dice. If I call it in, I'm from that side of Harman's Grand. We don't call things like we don't speak normal English. We speak English. So we say dice, even though it's one, we say it's a dice. So a dice, right? A dice has six sides. If I roll a die, I'm creating an event.  So I know that the total outcomes of that die, it's either one, two, three, four, five, there are six outcomes. So that is my T, that is my total number of outcomes that I have. If I need to calculate the probability of that dies rolling and landing on one, there is only one of the signs, right? So it's one divided by the total, which is six. And that is what the priority probability will be calculated using. So this is the formula that we will use every time when we calculate the probability of an event happening. But we do have another approach that we can use to assess the probability. And this is what we call an empirical probability, which refers to the likelihood of an event occurring based on the historical data. So now here we based this probability on what happens previously. Also it's the same because we need to know what probability or what outcome or occurrence that we need to calculate this probability for. And we also need to know what was the total number of outcomes that existed before, right? So for example, if we collected data about rain for the previous 10 years, that is historical data. We can use that data to calculate the probability of rain or of a day that the rain will rain and it rains, hey, we can calculate that if we have historical data around the rain patterns. And that is what empirical data is about. So also it will be the outcome satisfying the event divided by the total outcomes that occurred. Then these two events or the ways of assessing the probabilities, we normally use them usually because you will see in your data when, or not even in your data. So when they ask you questions, they might ask you questions around the priority or they might ask you questions around your historical data, which is empirical probabilities. Now, the last one, which is a subjective probability, this one is based on the researcher's opinion. So as a researcher, I can state what probability I want to work with or what kind of event because then this will be based on my previous experiences. So subjective probabilities is based on the combination of your individual past experience, personal opinion, analysis of a particular situation. So as a researcher, you will base the probability on things that you have experienced before or you have observed before or it is of your personal opinion. For example, we normally use this as people in this, as long as you have been living in South Africa, at some point you have made a probability which is subjective. For example, I can just give you an example of the Minister of the MEC of Health in Limpopo. Based on her own experience, she made the subjective probability calculated in her head probably to determine that the X amount of the chances are the majority of people that are getting healthcare in Limpopo are from Zimbabwe. Because of certain events that happened previously or certain knowledge that she had. And those are the things that we do as researchers. We always, based on our previous experiences, we might make some probability, create some probability or calculate some probabilities. It's still fine because it's subjective. It's subjective to that particular period that you are calculating those probabilities for as well. But those are the approaches. Now, we spoke about probabilities. We've spoke about events. What is it that when we talk about events? I've already explained that an event is when something is happening. And when something is happening, it creates within that there are outcomes which are things that you can count or look at or observe from that. So, when an event is happening, each possible outcome that comes out of that event can be used to calculate the probabilities. Like the sun is coming up. So, an event will be the sun rising. The outcome is the sun has risen. That will be the outcome and we know that that will be, for example, let's use a coin. It's easy when you use something that is practical. When you have a coin, a coin has two sides, has a head and a tail. When I create an event, it's when I start to toss the coin. When I'm tossing the coin, I'm creating an event. And there are two outcomes that can come out of that event. One outcome is the coin can either land on a head or a coin can land on a tail. And those are the outcomes, the two outcomes. So, when I have one coin or when I have a coin and I'm tossing a coin, I'm creating an event, right? That event is called a simple event because it's only one thing that is happening. One event happening at that point. That is what we call a simple event of a coin. Tossing a coin, I'm creating one simple event which I will use that simple event to calculate the probabilities. And we get to the probabilities just now. Now, if I have one coin and I have a die and I toss and roll the die, I'm creating two events. Or if I have two coins, I'm creating two events because if I have two coins, one coin can land on a head and the other one can land on a tail, right? Because there are two outcomes from each one. And that is what we call a joint event. It is when you are creating an event that has, or that can be described by two or more characteristics. So, two coins will create two or more characteristics of that. Or another event is having an education and waking. Those are two events that can happen. Having an education can be one event, waking will be another event. So they will be two. So it's a joint event because someone can have an education and not have a job. Or not a job. Can have education and not be waking. And the other person can have no education but wake. And the other person can have no education and no work. And the other person can have no education and waking. And no waking, something like that. So a joint event is when you create two or more characteristics. Then we also have what we call a complement event. And a complement event is an event that is not part of the original event. For example, if I have a simple event, sun coming up and sun not coming up. Those are two things, right? So the sun coming up will be the probability of that sun or the event sun coming up. The complement of it will be the sun not coming up. So when I have a tail or a coin, sorry, when I have a coin, a head and a tail from that.  And sometimes a complement of a head, we can write a tail as hc or h dash. And that's how we refer to a complement event. So a tail can be written as hc because it refers to a complement of a head. Or we can use a copy at the top to represent a complement of a head. And also a tail and a head. A head can be a complement of a tail. Or we can call it a complement of a tail. So we can write it in that manner. That still represents a complement event. An event which is not part of the original event. Or the original event. Then we also have what we call a sample space. A sample space is the total. It's all of them, all the outcomes. A sample space is what we call all outcomes. So for example, on a coin has two outcomes. So a coin will have two. And I will show you how to calculate the probability of a simple event, joint event and a complement event. We also have a mutually exclusive event. And a mutually exclusive event, since we have what we call a joint event, a mutually exclusive event tells us that the two events cannot happen simultaneously, cannot happen together. So when two events cannot happen together, like tossing the two coins, cannot happen together, that we call a mutually exclusive event. So let's take, for example, a day which is a random day in 2014. And let's say A represents a day that is in January. And we know the calendars. It starts from January up until December. And we also choose B as a day that falls within February. So we have two events, event A and event B. A day in January can never be a day in February. Because if January passed, it's passed, that day has passed already. So it can never be in February. So these two events can never happen at the same time. So you can never have a day in January and also a day in February, happening in 2014. So those we call them mutually exclusive events. And when we calculate the probabilities, I will tell you more about the mutually exclusive events. So it means the two of them will never meet or the two of them will never exist at the same time. We also have what we call collectively exhaustive events. And this, at least one of the event must occur. And the whole set of events should cover the entire sample space. So if a coin lands on a tail, and the other event can be a coin landing on a head, they all complete a sample space. But at least one of them will land on a, when you toss a coin will land on either one, the head or tail. Let's look at that example of collectively exhaustive events. So we're going to still stick to the 2014 kind. If we say A will represent an event that a day we choose, it's a day that falls within a weekday. So weekday is from Monday to Friday. That's weekday. And B will represent a day that falls over a weekend, which is Saturday and Sunday. And C represent an event that a day we choose will be in January. And D will represent a day that we choose will be in spring. So now A and B can also be collectively exhaustive events because the calendar has seven days of the week every month. So that can be, we can choose any day, either from January until December. A and C and B and D are also collectively exhaustive events because they create this sample space. They include all the days of the calendar, right? Because January, we have weekday, we have a weekend. And spring, we have a weekday and a weekend, a day that is in spring. They all complete the calendar of 2014. They all covers the entire sample space. However, they are not mutually exclusive. Only A and B are mutually exclusive because A, a day in a weekday can never be on a weekend. What else? Only that. And January and spring, when is summer? Summer starts when? I don't know, but spring and January are also not mutually exclusive as well. Okay, so that is collectively exhaustive events. They need to be, they need to cover the entire sample space. Event A and B are collectively exhaustive and they are also mutually exclusive. So a sample space, I told you that it is a collection of all possible events. So a coin, it's a sample space on its own, it's got two outcomes. A die, it's also a sample space because it's got six outcomes. A deck of cats, it's got 52 cats in it. They all make up a sample space. So now how do we calculate these probabilities? A simple probability, we calculate the simple probability based on a simple event. We know that we're going to be using, however, the classical probability to assess this. So it will be event satisfying the event, the number satisfying the event divided by the total. So if I have a coin and I know that my event, it's either a head or a tail, but I need to find the probability that the coin will lend on a head and that will be the number satisfying. There is only one outcome that the coin will lend on a head and there are, how many in total? There are two. So that will be 0,5. 1 divided by 2 will give you 0,5. And that is a simple event. So let's look at another example. So in this example, I have what we call a contingency table. And a contingency table, it's a cross tabulation table, which shows you the rows and the columns. And in our rows, it shows in this company, the number of people that were promoted and those that were not promoted, the number of men who work in this company and women who works in this company. And this company has a total number, which is our grand total of 1,200 employees. So the number of males, there are 960, the number of females, there are 240. Those who were promoted, there are 324. Those who were not promoted, there are 876. Those we call them simple events. Men, women, promoted, not promoted are what we call simple events. If I need to calculate the probability of a person working in this company and they have been promoted, then it means I'm going to take the number satisfied that promoted divided by the grand total, which is my sample space. And that will be for promoted 324 divided by 1,200. And that gives me 0,27. And we will continue using the contingency table because it's easy to represent probabilities on that. That is a simple probability. Then we have a joint probability. Now a joint probability is event satisfying joint events. We calculate it from one or two events happening. So using the same contingency table, if I need to calculate the probability of men and being promoted. Now I need to also state the following. Sometimes in your modules or somewhere, the end can be written as the probability of A and B. It means joint probability, or we can write it as the probability of A and literally end B. So the end there will represent intersection. So if I need to calculate the probability of a joint event of men and promoted using the same table that we had. So I know that this are men. This are promoted where they both meet the men and promoted. This is where we calculate the joint probability. So to calculate this, we say it's number satisfying the joint event divided by the grand total. The joint event there are 288, the grand total, which is our sample space is 1200. And to calculate them, we say 288 divided by 1200 and that gives us 0,24. That is how you will calculate joint event by using the event satisfying divided by the sample space. We'll do more exercises just now. I'm not going to ask you to calculate that. Sorry, can I just ask you a question if you can just go back to the previous page. So you wrote it at the top, there was the P and then there was a bracket and then there's an A and then there's an N and then there's a B. So that N is not necessarily, it doesn't have the same meaning as the calculation where there's an X over the N. No, there's no connection between those two. It's just the way you write it. Yeah, that's the way you represent a joint probability. It means one thing. So it's joint probability of A and B. Later on, we're going to introduce the addition rule and you will see we will change the end to an O. But it means one thing. It means the probability of a joint event of A and B. Okay, okay. So nothing to do with this N just below the X and the calculation. The N. Yeah, yeah, that's one. No, this N. Sorry. This N, remember? This N is your sample space. Okay, yes. Is your total outcomes, right? The grand total. Yes, it's your total outcomes, which is your grand total. Your X represent just the number satisfying is an X outcome. So X is a placeholder. Yeah. I was just getting confused because there was an N there and it was an N there. Oh, actually, this N is not supposed to be an NN. It's like an U that looks, not the U, something like this. Okay, okay.  Okay, and it doesn't look like the N. Okay, thank you. Thank you so much. Okay, and in a nutshell, what I just showed you was that on a contingency table, you are able to find that on the total, where you calculate the total of the cross-tabulation, that's where you calculate your simple probabilities. Inside the table of your cross-tabulation, that's where you find the joint probabilities. And your sample space will always be the probability of a sample space will always be equals to one, because the sum of all probabilities should be equals to one. So just to recap and to sum up and introduce you to some of the concepts, including what I just explained summary so far. Probability is a numerical measure of the likelihood that an event will happen. And the probability of any event must be between zero and one. Remember, we dealt with this in the first page. An impossible event is the one that has the probability of a zero. A certain event is the one that has a probability of a one. And a 50% will be a probability of a 50-50, a half, right? And we also know that the probabilities can always be between zero and one. What we also know from what I just explained with the contingency table is that the sum of all probabilities of a sample space should always be equals to one. Especially for all mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events should always be equals to one. So if I have event A and event B and I calculate the probabilities, the sum of both of them should be equals to one. So the sum of probability of A plus probability of B should be equals to one. Then it means if I'm given the probability of an event A, I can find the complement of that probability. And a complement, like we said, is defined as the event consisting of all the sample points of A. A complement event is an event that consists of all the sample points that does not include A, right? Because it's the other event. In order for us to calculate that probability, so if I'm given the probability of a head and I know that it's 0.5, in order for me to calculate the probability of a tail or to calculate the probability of a head complement, which is a tail, then that probability will be equals to one minus 0.5, which will be 0.5. I know that it doesn't make any difference. Let's say I'm calculating the probability for a die. So we know that if the probability that a die will land on a one is equals to one divided by six, which will be equals to what is one divided by six. It will be zero comma. Let's take out our calculator and calculate that probability. That will be one divided by six, which is zero comma one seven. Zero comma. Zero comma one seven. That is the probability. In order for me to find the probability of a complement of a one, so the probability of not one, that will be everything else. So when I roll a die, what will be the probability that it's not going to land on a one? It means it's two, three, four, five, six. So it's five. So that will be one over, sorry, five over six, right? And you can calculate that. And that will give you, because I want to show you the complement. Five divided by six will give you zero comma eight three. Zero comma eight three. So in order for us to find the complement, we just say one minus zero comma one seven. That will give you the same thing. It will give you, because not one is a complement of one. That will give you one minus zero point one seven. It equals to zero comma eight three. Zero comma eight three. So that is the complement. So now let's look at more probability questions. So let's look at addition rule. And addition rule is a probability of, it's a probability law of disjunction or what we call an addictive rule. That is when we want to calculate the probability of either events happening. What if we want to find the probability of event A or B happening? That is given by the probability of event A happening plus the probability of event B happening minus the probability of a joint event, which is the joint event of A and B. If and only if A and B are mutually exclusive. So if they tell you that A and B are mutually exclusive, therefore it means the probability of A and B cannot happen at the same time. Then the probability of a joint event will be equals to zero. And probability of A or B happening will be given by the probability of A plus the probability of B. This is only applicable for when events are mutually exclusive. So always remember that. Then we also have what we call a conditional event. Conditional events are events that are happening given that another event has already happened. So if we need to calculate the probability of event A happening given that B has already happened, that is given by the probability of A and B divided by the probability of A of B. It's always divided by the probability of the given. So it's the joint event of A and B divided by the probability of the given. Or we can write it as the probability of B given A will still be the probability of A divided by the probability of a given and the given is A. If we need to apply what we call a multiplicative law. From the conditional probability is because we want to be calculating the joint event. If we want to calculate this joint event, then we are going to apply what we call a multiplication rule for A and B. Why we say that is because then we need to multiply the probability of B with the probability of a given. And that's what we do. So the probability of A and B will be given by the probability of A given B times the probability of B. So if and only if A and B are independent. So now if A and B are independent, then the probability of A given B will be equals to the probability of A because B whether B has a cat has no bearing on what is happening on A. Because they are independent, so they don't influence one another. They are not related to one another. If event A and B are independent, the probability that A given B will be the same as the probability of A. Then it means for our multiplicative law, it will state that if we want to find the joint probability of A and B, it will be the same as the probability of A times the probability of B. You need to pay attention to the following. In the beginning, we spoke about joint event. We said the probability of A and B is outcome satisfying divided by the sample space. Now, if they didn't give you the outcome satisfying the event, but they tell you that the probability of A is this and the probability of B is this. Then you need to calculate the probability of a joint event. You need to know that now you are looking at independent event. How do I know that I'm looking at independent event? If they give you the probability of a boy and a probability of a girl, those two has no bearing. Whether you are a boy or you are a girl cannot influence the two because you are not related. You're not from the same group. You are independent from one another. That is independent events. And if they give you that, you just need to know that those are independent events. Then I need to calculate the joint probability of A and B and treat it as the probability of A or the probability of boy and the probability of girl. That is independent events. So you need to be able to read the question properly. So when two events are independent, even only if the probability of A given B will be the same as the probability of A and the probability of B given A will be the same as the probability of B. And this is only if events A and B are independent when the probability of one event is not affected by the fact that the other event has already happened. In summary, we looked at now. Independent event, which is when the occurrence of an event has no effect on the probability of the other event happening. We also looked at mutually exclusive event. Remember with mutually exclusive event, it means that when the one event happens, it precludes the occurrence of the other. So it means they cannot happen at the same time. And the probability of both of them happening at the same time will be equals to zero. We also looked at mutually exhaust or collectively exhaustive events, which is exhaustiveness of events, which have a set of events representing all possible outcome of a sample space. We also looked at the law of disjunction and the law of conjunction, which is the addictive flow and the multiplicative flow. When events are mutually exclusive, then it's the disjunction rule that we all know that we use. And when the events are independent, then we are applying the law of conjunction. Okay. Now let's look at how we answer questions based on your psych 3704 based on the information that I just said. We will go through them together. I expect you to answer some of them. And for some, I'll give you the hints and then we continue from there. Let's look at question one or exercise one. Just give me a second. Okay. So in the population, there are 450 people of whom 150 smokes. What is the probability of randomly selecting a non-smoker? So now, based on the information given, remember we always apply the problem solving framework. New men's prompt, problem solving prompts. So what is the question asking us to do? They want us to calculate the probability of selecting a non-smoker. What have they given us in the question? They've given, they told us that the total, which is our sample space, which is our N, is 450. They also told us that we have event smoker from those 440. So our event smoker, which will be our X for smokers is that and we can also just represent our smokers with an S and say our event smokes is 150 and we're going to represent our non-smoker SNS, which is our complement of our smokers, right? Based on the information that we were given. So now, how do I answer this question? What are the things that I need to enable me to answer this question? Oh, easy, we can calculate the probability of a smoker, which will be our X divided by N or the number satisfies smokes by N and if this is our X, calculate and tell me what is the probability of smokers? So we're going to substitute 150 divided by 450 and that is, what is the answer? 0.33, 0.33. That is the smokers. So now they said we need to find the probability of non-smokers. So the probability of non-smokers are 1 minus the probability of smokers because probability of those who are not smokers are the complement of those who are smoking because if we are able to calculate those who are smoking or who are smokers, then we can find the complement of them which are non-smokers. So 1 minus 0.33 is equals to 0.67, right? Did you get it right? Is there anyone who is still lost? Who doesn't know? Where did I get all these numbers and all this? That is everything that we just learned now. And those who don't know how to use their calculator, you must let me know as well so I can help you because today I'm not sharing my calculator but I can do that if there are people who don't know how. Okay. Are we good? Are we happy? Are we good all? Yes, all good? All good. Perfect. Look at the second one. Which of the following does not represent a probability? I am going to leave it to you to answer this one now. Which one does not represent the probabilities? We covered this, remember? The probability starts from the certain number, the end at the certain number and those certain numbers can be converted to a percentage if we multiply those number by a hundred. But which one of these does not represent probabilities? One, two or three? Number three because it cannot be a negative. It can never be a negative. So number three is the one that does not represent a probability because remember that the probability of an event A can only lie between zero and one or it can lie between. This is something that you always need to remember. Hundred percent or zero percent? Exercise three. If 10,000 students wrote a university admission test, 7,000 passed and they obtained 50 percent or more and 400 obtained exactly 50 percent, what is the probability that a randomly selected student will fail the test? So this is the same as what we did previously, right? It's the same as what we did. They give us the smokes and they ask us to find the complement of them. The same thing. They gave you those who passed, they gave you there and they ask you to find the complement of those who didn't pass. Now, yes, they ask you to find the complement of those who didn't pass. So they say you need to find the probability of a fail. That's what we need to calculate at the end. So probability of a fail is one minus the probability of a pass, right? Because a pass is a complement. So I'm just going to give you some hints because I want you to do this one. So therefore it means we need to calculate the probability of a pass and a pass they gave you. They said you have 10,000 students, which is your end. Sorry. My bad. My bad. My bad. My bad. Okay, so they gave you. Let's, we know that we need to calculate the probability of a pass. They gave you a 10,000 students wrote. They told us 7,000 passed. So 7,000 passed, which will be our P. I'm going to call it a pass what, right? A pass what? And we are also told that 50% of them also passed, but they passed with exactly 50%. So we have passed two. Both of them, they passed, right? Because a pass of more than 50 and a pass of 50 are one and the same thing. So now if we need to calculate pass, we take the 7,000 plus the 400. That will give us the total of a pass. Our end is 10,000. So in order for us to find the probability of a pass, we're going to use the 7,000 plus the 4,000 or the 400 and we're going to divide that by 10,000. And that the answer you get here, you go into substituted into the probability of a pass and find the compliment. So 7,000 plus 400 is 7,400 divided by 10,000. What is the probability of a pass? The proportion of students who passed the admission exam. What is the answer? The answer to the 7,400 divided by 10,000 gives me 0.74. 0.74. 7,000 pass that they obtain 50 or more and 400 obtain exactly 50. So does that mean the 70 includes the 400? The 7,000 includes 400. So if the 7,000 includes 400, then it means those who have passed, there are 7,000. Then we can treat it like that. There are 7,000 because they passed with 50 or more. Not more than 50, but 50 or more and then only 400 obtain exactly 50. So the second part of the question is the one that is very confusing. So 7,000, if I need to explain this again, 7,000 they received a pass mark of 50 or more. So they got 50, 51, 52, 60, 70%. Out of those 7,400 of them obtain exactly 50%. However, the question we want is for those who have failed.  So since the probability of a pass is 7,000, so we divide by the total number, which is 10,000. So it will be 7,000 divided by, it will be 7,000 divided by 10,000, which will be 0,7. So then 1 minus 0,7 will give us 0,3, which is option, which will be option 3. So it means when you read your questions as well, whether it's in your assignment or in the exam, pay attention to the additional information that they give you because now we would have made a mistake if we included the 7,000 and the 410. If the option they had, one of them had the answer of 0.66 or something like that, we would have gotten it all wrong. So pay attention to the information given. Also it's very important to always double check. After you've done your calculation, remember also on the humans problem solving, it says reflect and receive feedback. So always go back and review and check that you have done the correct things. So let's look at exercise 4. Exercise 4 says the probability of an event or caring which depends on something else or caring, such as passing a test when you do not understand a course can be described as a probability of an event or caring which depends on something else or caring, even that another event or care. The probability of an event happening depending on something else or caring which such as passing a test when you do not understand your course can be described as, is it 1, is it 2, is it 3, is it 4, is it a conditional probability which is the probability of an event happening given that another event happened or is it 2, which states that the two events do not influence the other or is it 3, which states that two events can never happen at the same time or is it a multiplicative event which also states that two events can happen based on another event that would have already happened dividing it by another event that already happened. Number one. It will be number one because number one states that an event or caring given that another event has already happened which is a conditional probability. Correct. So this exercise five is not supposed to be part of the exercise. Let's get to the next one which almost look exactly the same as the past one that we just did. I'm going to ask you to answer this one without my help. If 10,000 students wrote university admission test, 7,000 passed and they obtained 50 or more and 310 exactly 50%, what is the probability that a randomly selected student will fail their test? It's the same. It's almost exactly the same as this question that we just did, right? So I expect you to be able to answer that with ease. So the answer would be then number three because it's the same question as the previous one but I just want to understand why did they not take in consideration the 300? Because those people didn't fail, they actually they passed the test, right? Yeah, remember now the 300 is also included in the 7,000 because remember in the 7,000 they passed with 50 or more. Okay, sorry. I need to read the question properly. So easily, okay. Then number three would be the answer. Yes. You actually get the same answer if you add the 7,000 and the 300 because then you get 0.27 and if you round it then it's 0.3. Yeah, but it would not be the right way of I'm telling you because the 7,000 includes as well the 300. I think the question is not very clear but for this it kind of works either way. Yeah, I've got some exam papers but they are not very dear because I want to share with you my script. Let me find another one. Another exercise because that was I thought it would have been done by now. Let me see if I can share my script. Okay. Just want to get to one of the questions but if you share my screen I can use the presentation. Just give me a second. I will show you another question which I think probably this one can give us some more in forwarding some of the things that we went through as well. So let me just go where I got it. It's from one of the tutorial letters. It's from let me just double check my tutorial letter which one did I use. 2018 tutorial letter 101. That's where I got this question from and probably I can also include two more questions and then it will take us to the end of the session because now I'm trying to face different questions. Okay. That is it. So let's look at this. If a coin is flipped three times the sample space of possible outcomes would be. So I have a coin and you flip it the first time. The first time it will land on a head because there are three, right?  The other time it can land on a head, a tail and a head. Or it can land on a head, a tail and a tail. Or it can land on a tail, a tail and a tail. Or it can land on which scenario we didn't cover.   Which one we haven't covered?  What other scenario do we have? Tail, tail, head. Tail, tail, head. Tail, head, a head.  Do we have? So those could be the scenarios that we have. If we covered all of them.  Head, tail, head. Head, tail, head. Head, tail, head. Head, tail, head. Head, tail, head. Head, tail, tail. Head, tail, tail, head. that one doesn't have it this one doesn't have oh eight tail take there we go this one has eight eight tail take that one has eight tail take that one has so that we covered that we covered that we covered. Tail, tail, tail. So already this one is out because it doesn't cover all scenarios, right? So tail, tail, tail, tail. Triple T, triple T, triple T, triple T, okay? Tail, tail, head, tail, tail, T, T, H, T, T, H, T, T, T, H, T, T, T, T, T, T, H. This one doesn't have T, T, H, right? It doesn't have tail, tail, head. So it's out. Head, tail, tail. So we left with only two of them. Head, tail, this one doesn't have. So therefore it means option three will be the correct one. So you need to be able to know what are the outcomes that can happen from first in three points, whether those points can land on different ways. So I've covered all of them. And if you look at this, that is head, tail, tail, which it's covered like that. And then we have tail, head, tail, which is that. And we have tail, head, head, which is that. So it covers all of the outcomes. So therefore option three is the only correct answer from there. Question eight from that tutorial letter has this following. Two people, one girl and one boy will be chosen to go on a field trip from a class of 12 girls and 15 boys. What is the probability that Mary and her brother will happen to be in the same class? And both will be selected if boys and girls are selected. Both of them are are they dependent or independent events? Do they influence one another? No, they don't, right? They are independent events, both of them. So since they are independent, so if we need to, as they are independent and we are asked to calculate the probability that a boy and a girl, both of them happen to be selected. So we need to find the probability of A and B. And because they are independent event, therefore the probability of A multiplied by the probability of B. Or we can call that now we need the probability of a boy and a girl based on what we know, right? And that will be the probability of a boy times the probability of a girl, which is three. Now what is the probability of a boy? There is only one girl and one boy that needs to be selected. So that will be one over for the boy, one over 15 multiplied by one over a girl. They should only be one selected and there are 12 girls, which is equals to what is one divided by 15. One divided by 15 is equals to 0.066666. 0.006, I'm going to keep three decimals. And one divided by 12 is 0. multiplied by 0.083083. 0.66 multiplied by 0.8 is 0.005555555, which we can round it off to 0.0056. So 0.067 multiplied by 0.0883 is 0.005561, which we can round it off, which will be option one. So I see that it is 7 o'clock, 7.30, but we can give you five more minutes just to look at the last one. So with the last one, if we don't do that, you can do it and we can have a discussion on WhatsApp as well, because our time ends at 7.30. A teacher is teaching a class about probabilities. She knows the learners, oh, she shows the learners and Paul, which contains three red marbles, five blue marbles, seven yellow marbles. One of the learner, Lucy, is asked by the teacher to select one marble out of the bowl at random and to hand it to her. She shows the class that Lucy chose a blue marble. And she demonstrates to the class how to calculate the probability of this outcome. While holding onto the first marble, she asks Lucy to select another marble in the same way. She now asks that the class calculate the probability that both the first and the second marble chosen by Lucy happens to be blue. Select the best estimate out of the following options below. The first thing that you need to remember is to always look at what is given to you, right? So you're going to first try and understand the information given and from the information that is given, you need to find which formula you're going to be using based on the information, whether are you given a mutually exclusive, are they independent, and so on. That will help you to determine how you have to calculate the answer to the question. So let's look at this. I'm just going to give you the hint because I don't want to keep you wrong and otherwise we can continue the conversation on water. So since there are five marbles that are blue, but however, they select only one. So the first one and the second one already, if they're already taken out one marble, there are no longer five marbles that are in the O. There are no longer five blue marbles. They have reduced but your sample space will always stay. For the first time you draw, your sample space will be three plus five plus seven. That gives you your sample space. So that will be your sample space. The second time you go in and you select because they selected five marbles, so there were five marbles that went blue out of what is three, five. It's 10, 15 out of 15. That was that. So the second time you go, you no longer have 15 and because it's an end, they are independent. What happened before doesn't influence what is happening now. So they are independent. Then you go into select. There will be 14 in there and there are no longer five. Right. There are only four of them. I don't think also I am calculating it right because it's only selecting one more marble at a time. Okay. Let's see if it's true what I am. Give it to you now. So that will be the probability of selecting the first blue and the second blue marble because they are five blue marble. So any one of them had an equal chance of being selected to be part of this but the sample space is 15 and when they go again, there are no longer because they didn't replace it back. If they did put it back, then you would put it back in the box, in the in the back and then or in the bowl and then your sample space will still remain 15. So you need to be able to know how to answer those. Okay. So that concludes today's session. Are there any questions, comments before I close off and switch off? Are there any questions, comments, theories, anything? If none, then I am going to post on the chat the link to the WhatsApp group and I'm also going to post on the chat the link to the register. Please make sure that you complete the register and leave the session without completing the register. Since there are no questions, comments and queries and we are at the end of the session. Thank you for coming and all the best. See you save time next week. Tuesday. Thank you very much. Just hold for a second as well.


فشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيم الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والتلاع الجميل وأشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل وأشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بيحسان إلى يوم الدينة ما بعد ويأئن بشرح ذكي تابج الباب المرأة المسلمة رتن باي الشيخ محمد ناصر الدين الألباني رحمه الله تعالى ويستبت عندما يقوت رحمه الله قال ويؤيده أيضا الشيخ الألباني رحمه الله يأخذ now the statement of Imam Al-Qurtubiyu رحمه الله ويقول قال ابنه عطية ابنه عطية said and we gave the we spoke about who Imam Al-Qurtubiyu was رحمه الله and we gave a bit about his biography so Qurtubiyu is transmitting the statement of Imam Al-Qurtubiyu now this one I'll just go over it so Insha'Allah so Imam Al-Qurtubiyu brings the the statement of Ibrahim Al-Qurtubiyu Ibrahim Al-Qurtubiyu means says ويظهر لي بحكم الفاضل آية أن المرأة معمورة بأن لا تبدي وأن تجتهد في الإخفاء لكل ما هوزينة ووقع على استخناع في ما يظهر بحكم ضرورة حركة فيما لا بد منه أو إصلاح شأن ونحو ذلك فما ظهر على هذا الوجه مما تؤدي إليه ضرورة في النساء فهو المعفوب عنه ألمان ببلاعطية he says ويظهر لي ويظهر لي بحكم الفاضل آية عنده يأتي إلى المساعدة عن الواضح of the verse أن المرأة تدى the woman is معمورة أن she is commanded بأن لا تبدي that she does not expose or that she does not bring out وانتج تهيدة and that she strives في الإخفاء تحيد herself الله أكبر وكالضع علماء when they talk about this matter they say that the woman she is commanded in this verse that she doesn't come out and expose herself وانتج تهيدة في الإخفاء and that the woman is commanded to strive to put every effort in what في الإخفاء in hiding herself لكل ما هو زينة in everything that is referred to as beauty الله أكبر everything that is referred to as beauty the woman is commanded to hide and then imagine if the situation is that the woman is bringing out her beauty okay it's not even part of her beauty it's not her bringing out a beauty that she has but she's placing external beauty onto herself and she's coming out with that the matter becomes what it becomes more serious here we're talking about her natural beauty she has to keep it hidden and she shouldn't bring it out فما بالكذب what would the matter be if she's putting external beauty on and then she's bringing it out in the open the matter is serious right it gets greater وانتج تهيدة that she strives في الإخفاء لكل ما هو زينة everything that is considered as beauty she hides it ووقع عاليستي ثماءه but then there's an exception that occurred فيما يظهروا بحكم ضرورة حركة and what will become apparent by what بحكم ضرورة by necessity when she does what حركة مؤمنة the woman is going to move sometimes she wants to lift something up she wants to take the bus she wants to walk something's going to expose from her the scholars they say عميل العطي he's saying this is the exception which is the I referring to إلا ما ظهر منها which is that the woman after all the efforts that she's put in after all of the hard work that she's put in and covering herself then he's saying that there's an exception بحكم ضرورة حركة فيما لابد منه that will necessarily come out she can't hide أو إصلاحي شانين or she wants to perfect a matter she wants to do something ونحوي دالكة at anything like that remember if a woman places the correct hijab on herself then the sharia won't say to oh but then you need to put more hijab on and then more hijab on and then it just goes on once she's come with the hijab and she meets the criteria and the condition of what a what a hijab is then what does the sharia request from her it forgives her for what comes out after she strives hard and she's put the effort in ونحوي دالكة فما ظهر على هذا الواجه من ما تؤدي إليه ضرورة في النساء فهو المعفو عنه and this he said على هذا الواجه is according to that way من ما تؤدي إليه ضرورة where ever the necessity established through في النساء in the matter of the women sorry فهو المعفو عنه is what she's forgiven for okay قرطو بي then commented straight after the كلمة of the إبلعاطي he wrote his statement and he's قرطو بي says قرطو بي بوط the statement of the إبلعاطي and then straight after that what did he say قل to I say قرطو بي say this I say هذا قول الحسن the statement of إبلعاطي it's a very good statement it's a good statement إلا أنه except أنه لما كان غالب من الواجه والكفين except that when the overwhelming majority إلا أنه لما كان الغالب إلا أنه لما كان غالب من الواجهة except that when the majority of the times the face and the woman's hands is that it is what ظهورهما ظهورهما that they both become apparent and it becomes apparent in what way عادة in norms وعبادة and in terms of what إبادة إبادة that we know because of the Salah we know that the woman's hand normally has to show you don't differ with that صحيح the إشكال here that we have is the عادة the women's norms her day to day routine is the face and the hand something that needs to show قرطو بي say something that shows عادة and عبادة وذالك في صلاة والحجي and this is in what this is in the Salah and that's the Hajj so that's the عبادة فيصلح أن يكون الاستثناء وراجعا إليهما he's the إشكال of قرطو بي now قرطو بي بروت عادة and عبادة right that the woman's hands and her face can show in terms of what in terms of her norms her day to day routine which is her عادة her norms and her what عبادة and then he gave an example are we all together what did he give وذالك في الصلاة والحجي and that is in what صلاة والحج صلاة والحجة are what اتعبادة did he give an example for an عادة he gave an example for the عادة and then he said فيصلح أن يكون الاستثناء وراجعا إليهما okay and he said that it is then correct for the exception to refer back to to it to those two the two he's talking about is عبادة أنها عادة وفيه مظر so look to the statement of قرطو بي because what you gave us the example that you gave us is a what is it عبادة you didn't give us a عادة يدل على ذلك مع رواه أبو داودة and he said what evidence I have for this issue is the Khalid أبو داود narrated على عائشة رضي الله تعالى عنها لتعائشة said أن أسماء بنت أبي بكر أسماء بنت أبي بكر رضي الله تعالى عنه أما الله بي please with her and her father دخلت على رسول الله she entered upon the Prophet وعليها تياب الريقابل and she was wearing a garment which was revealing it was tight it was revealing فأعرض عنها رسول الله the Prophet turned away from her وقال الله أن ينسألتها يا أسماء وأسماء إن المراءة of the woman إذا بلغت المحيضة if the woman reaches the age of puberty meaning محيضة here means men's start and that's a sign that the woman has reached what? puberty لم يصلح it is not correct أن يُرى منها إلا هذا it is not correct it is not permissible for it to be seen from the woman except this وأشارة إلى وجهه that's what the Prophet pointed towards his face and to what وكفهه his palms عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم those are the only two that can show from a woman فهذا أقوى في جانب احتياطه ولمراعاته فساد الناس فلا تبدل مرأة من زينتها إلا ما ظهر من وجهها وكفهاها والله الموفق والله الموفق لا ربه سواه ون الشيخ said فلا تبدل مرأة ولم يجب أن يشاهد من زينتها beauty إلا ما ظهر منها except that which shows which is her hands and her face and الله سبحانه وتعالى is the one who gives ability no one other than him سبحانه وتعالى we talked about this hadith that we narrated in his what? سُلَن we mentioned this what? there are 3 أسانيد and 3 طُرق that the hadith goes back to we extended on that and one of the إِلَن that we mentioned is خَالِدِبْنُوْدُولَيْكِنِ is the one who narrate from عَائِشَة ولم يلقِه ولم يلقَ عَائِشَة he did not meet عَائِشَة رضي الله تعالى عَنَا so there is a القطاع in the sanad of course there is عن عَنَا or قَتَادَ إِنَّا حَدِيْتِ قَتَادَ is a what? قَتَادَ is a modeless قَتَادَ is a what? he is a modeless so he did تدرِيسِنَّ حَدِيْتِ he did not narrate he did not meet حديث with تصريح which السماع it does not show that he clearly heard it from the narration he did not hear the narration so for that reason this حديث is weak there are many عِلَل we expanded on that before right سُقُرْطُ بِسْ كَلَامِهِ is what غيرُ صحيح it is not right the reason it is not right brothers and sisters is because this what does it say إلا ما it is a basic Arabic statement we look at the آية إلا ما ظهراء ظهراء which is what is being used in the آية ظهراء it is the love that is used it is not used إذا حصل الفعل بالاختيار it does not it is not used when something is done intentionally ظهراء is not used rather what is used is ظهراء ظهراء means he has brought this out he has made this come out ظهراء shows that this issue came حصل الفعل بالاختيار that this action occurred with choice if if ظهراء is used okay it is when the person goes out of his way and he shows that لكن ظهراء means what what does ظهراء mean it came out unintentionally this is not something you try to look for and this shows that if the woman leaves her house with no niqab and she doesn't wear gloves is she the one who is showing this or is this unintentionally showing is she showing so he goes against that آية and the basic Arabic word صح و لذلك الشيخ ناصر himself did تعقب on the كلام القرط بي and this is a point where الشيخ ناصر is to be going against his own statement let's look at what he said قلتو الشغلباني he says قلتو هيه زلباني he says و فيه هذا تعقيب النظار ونعيضا قرط بي كثير الشخناصر رحمة الله رحمة الواسع he says و فيه هذا تعقيب this تعقيب of قرط بي bringing his statement after ابن عطية تعقيب generally means when somebody speaks after another person عقب الشيء is when something comes after you عقبه it comes after it and it adds on additional points so when a person finishes his lecture he looks at another person with knowledge and he says عليك تعليق or تعقيب do you have any تعقيب do you want to put what I said just to finish the little points on add something on to there so this is what قرط بي did right did you not do that قرط بي he put تعقيب on the the word ابن عطية و فيه تعقيب نظر the تعقيب of قرط بي is also has a look to it scholars when they use that word نظر they mean لا يستقيم الكلام this is not steadfast it's not upright it doesn't seem to be it doesn't add up basically لأنه و إن كان فإنما دالكة بقصد بقصد من المكلف شغناسي said even that though the overwhelming majority of the time the faces and the hands they show in terms of what customs and it shows in terms of what نومs the norms and the customs is that the face and the hands show the people's norms and the customs the overwhelming majority of the times it shows but the شغن said فإنما دالكة بقصد but this is when they they did this intentionally it's an intention that's done by who the مكلف a مكلف is a person who's what احكام التليفية applies on him meaning he's been told to do this action he's a slave basically a مكلف is a person who's a عقل بالغ نصر والآية حسب فهمنا he said but the آية according to our understanding إنما أفاد استثناء ما ظهر دون قصد and the آية has shown according to our understanding it has shown us that it's referring to what shows without the person intending فكيف يصور حينئذ so then how is it right at this particular point جعله دليل شابين and to make it a what a generic evidence لما ظهر بالقصد for what shows what with intention to use it as an overwhelming generic evidence for even when the person intends it and then شغلباني he says فتعمل at this point شغلباني he's right in what he's saying and then he he goes against what he said he says ثم تعمل شغلباني he says I looked at it again وقرطب he said this why would ابن جرير طابري he said I looked at both their statements gave a look to it because remember we took ابن جرير طابري tried to use the same in that regard as well right the issue of the صلاح he tries to use it generally so شغلباني said I tried to give a second look to the statement of قرطب and others فبداني it became clear to me انقول هؤلاء the statement of these scholars who was صواب is what's right وانا دالي كمن دقة نظري رحمه الله and he said that this is what this was from the delicate and the deep observation وبيان and that is so now شغلباني is going to go against what he just said are you with me he requested from us دع إلينا بتأمل he requested from us to observe he said فتأمل look observe and then he goes to he asked ثم تأمل then I looked are you with me فبداني it became clear to me انقول هؤلاء the statement of these scholars who was صواب it's right وانا دالي كمن دقة نظريه رحمه الله and that this is this is the deep observation and the deep looking وبيانه and its clarification is ان السلفة تفقوا that the pious predecessors سلفوا هذه الأمة they all agreed على ان قوله تعالى the statement of Allah إلا ما ظهر منها except that which shows except that which becomes apparent يعود إلى فعلي فعلي يصدر من المرأة المكلفة they all agreed that it goes back to the action in which occurs from the woman غاية مافي الأمر so here this is the first اشكال ظهره does it show and does it go back to the action or does it go back to the subject the one who's doing it ظهره does it go back to the action or does it go back to the فعيل the action or does it go back to the one who's doing the action جميل he's a نقضة you have to keep in mind شغلانسي's statement here is very accurate this is where a point he can't move from which is what إلا ما ظهره the word ظهره goes back to the action because if it was الظهره it would go back to me because I'm the one who's doing this are you with me he's talking to me the dua because I have a but this is happening without my choice so the subject has nothing to do with this ظهره أصلا are we all together on this issue does that make sense this is إطفاق السلام is that if it goes back to the action in and within itself and it doesn't go back to the one who's doing the action what does this show you because it would go back to the one who's doing the action if he's what if he's doing it with a choice صحيح are we all together brothers for example if a person a person was turning around and asking it here to milk what would you say you say أخي the milk it fell on the floor the milk fell on the floor you're not going to say أخي you threw the milk on the floor you can't attribute you can't speak to the subject the reason is because it wasn't done intentionally so you would consider like this milk fell by itself and to معي are we all together فتنبه لي ذلك is very important إلا ما ظهر منها يعود إلى فعلي يصدروا من المرأة المكلفة it goes back to the action that occurs from the women who has reached age of puberty قاية ما في الأمر أنهم اختلفوا فيما تظهروا بقصد منها and he said the conclusion is that they differ on what she could show and she can bring out with the intention in it فبلمسعودين يقولوا عبد الله بلمسعودين يقول هو ثيابوها ايجي البابوها and we said that the statements of the Sahabas يقول عباس ومسعود we mentioned last lesson or the previous lessons we mentioned it that there's no contradiction between the two صحيح are we all together and we proved بأسانين صحيحة authentic chains that when عبد الله إلا ما ظهر منها means the face and the hands what did he mean عند المحارين when the Mahrams are there that the man is allowed to show his beauty to his wife because some people might think that they also have to cover their face and their hands from who حزب their wife عبد الله عباس is saying that the face and the hands can be shown to your what and there's روايات صحيحة تابيطة عريب العباس a Hadith and a روايات that are authentically transmitted from ريب العباس proving that he's talking to what the girls Mahram her brothers and her what and this is some benefit that the scholars took from which is that look at the Salaf وهاد الأمة that even the Wahram would cover herself from those who she was what related to she would dress modestly in her own house as well let alone the outside world she would dress modestly in her own household that عباس felt the need to say that the face and the hands can be shown and if you go to countries like Somalia you realize that women don't don't don't take their حجابة they do not take it off nor do they take it off in front of their what do you call it their what do you call it their سنلو the mother-in-law will not take her حجابة in front of her own daughter's son her husband her daughter's husband who she's allowed to take her حجابة and is allowed to see her hair they don't they cover themselves and they what that's how the elders was we all together they used to do it's allowed permissible but they used to take that I remember when when I I am my sister and my family we went and we visited Somalia I remember the family would say to us why is why are you guys house in the household why are you taking off your حجاب you're in the house why are you taking off your حجاب if you're going to go to sleep it makes sense if you're going to have a bath it makes sense but walking around the house with no حجاب on and certain I asked them is there evidence for for them to not wear حجاب in their own household and they said yeah the angels are going to see you that's not authentic but the point is that you can see what can you see from these people that even within the household the household they are what you find a sister dressing the way she dresses in her own household she's wearing tight trousers yeah she's wearing very very tight clothes and you know revealing clothing sensibly in her own house in front of her her own brother she's wearing it in front of what her own I'm talking about the one that wears حجاب and حجاب outside some of them are wearing inside their own house very wrong clothes in their own household clothes that is it really necessary that you wear this clothes so Ibn Abbas when he said that the face and the hands need to show that the of those people was that they were excessive in hiding themselves and making sure that they are not seen also Ibn Abbas his statement Abdullah his statement can be also reconciled in another way are we all together yeah which is that generally speaking when a woman when a woman is moving around and she's doing things generally speaking what is it that shows from the woman and what part of her body would she use a lot it's her face and her hands majority of the times if you ask women who wear حجاب they'll tell you the wind lifts our حجاب and our faces show so Ibn Abbas said and he said the face and the hands he means that those 2 are the ones that the ayah is what referring to that would show because both Ibn Abbas Ibn Mas'ud agreed that this is what we do the cost unintentionally are we all together whereas Ibn Mas'ud he said it's the actual the actual the actual the reason he means that is once the woman إذا كان شيء يظهر منها على طبعها الجلباب يجب أن يكون لها و يجب أن يكون لها بحياتها أو بحياتها فهي يقول أن هذا ماذا؟ إنه مع فوق و عن فوق هل يجب أن يفهم؟ ثم الشيخ ناصل هنا إنه شيء that إن شاء الله تعالى سوف نفعل تعقيب و تفصيله والملاحبات that are in it و دعنا نرى أنه يجب أن يتفهم رحمه الله تعالى يقول فبالمسعودن يقول عبدالله بالمسعودن يقول هو ثيابوها إنها جلبابوها و بالمعباس و من معه من الصحابة عبدالله بالمعباس و هؤلاء الذين يجبون منهم و غيرهم يقولوا هو الوش والكفال و منها يقولوا أن هذا هو أمي و أحمز و كما قلت هذا هو خلاف التنور على خلاف الطباد هؤلاءهم لا يقوموا بحياتهم هناك كثير من الغير و كثير من الغير يقول إلا ما ظهر عادة بإذن الشارع و أمره هذا هو محاول الآن سيكون جيد هو يقول فمعنى الآية إحيانا إذن بسبب هذا أن الآية إلا ما ظهر و يظهر عادة بإذن الشارع و أمره بصرية الشريعة و أيضا إذن إذن الشغناصر يأتي من أنه لا تفعيل و now that he's come back to that it's what it's intentional so the scholars here is where they hold him account for because what the شريعة permits for you to do wherever the شريعة permits the woman to show this is intentional she would leave her house knowing that she's showing her face hands إلا ما ظهر عادة بإذن الشارع و أمره شغن الباني as soon as he's going to mention that the nooms that he's referring to here is the nooms of the companions because their faces would show somebody can say that that that point of discussion a contention that you're bringing which is that the nooms of the women of the companions was that it would show is what's being disputed at this particular point we're saying no the women of the companions time no they want any evidence that you're going to provide us with is either before the ayat jilbab came down or ayat al-hijab came down okay or it's women who are what in hajj or women who are in what or women who are slaves we don't have to show we don't have to cover their faces are we all together so the first problem here is that the statement of the sheikh was clear before that it was referring to what whatever shows without any intention and the hands and the face cannot enter it in that regard of his because it shows intentionally it's being shown intentionally and the sheikh he himself in the beginning of his statement he said this رحمة الله تعالى and he also even said after he finished that he said فتحمل ودعا لتأمول فيه he called us to ponder over this particular point and then after that he comes back from it point number two we got in the statement of the sheikh رحمة الله which is that the استثناء here is مع ظهر بغير قصد that the استثناء here is what shows without any intention to turn the ayat from the ظاهر which is ظاهر in the Arabic language from the apparent it shows what it shows بغير قصد to turn it away from that it requires a قرينة which is قوية it needs an external indication it needs a powerful evidence for you to divert it from that it's not enough that you say are we all together brothers it is not enough to say that the عادة of the companions is what turns it away from it because the عادة and the names of the companions the female women at the time of the prophet is what's disputed whether they what whether they were showing their faces or not that's actually the discussion at hand if the point number 3 إذا بطلت القرينة إذا قرينة الناس has become null and void فشغلاصر رحمه الله تعالى بقية الأديلة على حارها and then their evidence remains at its particular point as it was as it was it remains at its ظاهر very good here she's going to say something else which needs to be understood he says do you not then see أن المرأة لو رفعت من جلبابها that if a woman raisesها النقاب حتى ظهر من تحتها and then it shows what أنتها من ثيابها her clothing وزيناتها her beauty كما يفعل ذلك بعض المتجل بباتي like some of the women who are wearing جلباب due today السعودية those women from Saudi Arabia and the sheikh رحمه الله he chose Saudi specifically because he's having an argument with who he's having an argument where the scholar is from Saudi Arabia شيخ رحمه الله تعالى his debate and his argument is with and this shows us another thing which is that دعو علامة when they believe something is حق لا يبالونا they don't care and they don't do مداهنة they don't beat behind the bush علامة are known when they believe something is حق and it's حكم شرعي that the علامة they mentioned the truth regarding that particular issue are we all together and they what they speak the truth because some people believe شيخ الباني رحمه الله تعالى he's a Saudi funded داعي and a scholar funded by Saudi if شيخ الباني was against him in an issue he would mention why he was against him to bring his evidences forward so شيخ ناصل says that have you not seen the Saudi women who raised their جلباب until it shows their lower garment shows كما يفعل يدالي خبعض المتجل بباتي سعوديات أنها تكون خد خالف that she opposes the verse بالتفاق العلم فقد التقاف إعلوها هذا معفيد لها الأول لأن هذا يدار with what يدار with her first action which she did وكلاهما بقصد منها both of them are done intentionally لا يمكن إلا هذا and it is not possible except this فمناط الحكم إذن في الآية ليست وما ظهر دون قصد من المرأة فهذا من ما لا مؤخذت عليه في غير موضع القلاف فشيخ ناس يقول بسبب ذلك بسبب ذلك الشيخ رحمه الله يقول that the ayah is not talking about مع ظهر دون قصد that which comes without no intention but rather it means that which comes intentionally he is talking about that which comes intentionally رحمه الله so this we say شيخ الالباني comparing the face and the hands to the jilbab is surely not correct is incorrect because why the hand and the face is what it's possible for it to be what for it to be covered as for the jilbab is it possible for somebody to cover it yeah is it possible for somebody to cover their jilbab after they put their jilbab on are you able to cover your jilbab on top someone's able to do that if the woman wore the jilbab and she's covered up and she's بوضح جاب as it is then there's going to come an infinite re-infinite occurrence you're just going to say okay we'll wear something over this until she wore it you bury her so شيخ الالباني رحمه الله chooses that particular point he uses that evidence فإذا ثبت أن الشرع سمح للمرأة بإضحار شيء من زيناتها سواء كان كفن أو وجهن أو غيرهما فلا يعترض عليه بما كلنا ذكرنا من القصد شيخ الالباني يقول that if the الشريعة للمرأة يجب أن يرسلها رحمهما رحمهما أو رحمهما other than that it is not correct for us to oppose it بما كنا ذكرنا من القصد we can't oppose it based on what she intended to do this you can't say that لأنهما أدونه فيه because she's actually given permission by the sharia to do so كأضحار جيباني تمامن just like her showing that جلباب she's allowed to show after the jilbab she's allowed to تمامن كما بيين to any of them as I previously explained فهذا توجي who تفسير الصحابة الالباني says this is the way to to take the statement of the companions الذين قالوا who said إن المرادب الاستثناء في الآية this is the way to take the statement of the صحابة who said that what is meant by إلا the exception here is the face and the hands وجريان وعمري كثير من المساء في عهد النبي and a lot of women at the time وبعده and after it كما ستها as you're going to see في النصوص الاثير in the evidences that I'm going to provide you with المتواتيرات معنن in which its meaning has come through to us by multitude narration ويعود الفضل and he said this virtue this goodness this understanding that I've come with شخل باني it goes back to who في التنبه لهذا التوجي بعد الله after Allah it goes back to who الإمام الحافظ أبي الحسن ابن القطان الفاسي it goes back to ابن القطان الفاسي رحمه الله ابن القطان الفاسي his biography إن شاء الله و تعالى we're going to touch on it next week بإذن الله الكريم now we're going to إن شاء الله و تعالى stop there بإذن الله الباري and we're going to take question and answers anything which I have said that was wrong is from me سبحانك الله و بحمدك شادو الله إلهي الله استغفرواك وأتوب إليك


Hey friends today, we are hanging out in London. This is my first time ever visiting here In fact, it's the first time I've ever left the United States and I am so excited We're gonna be going around visiting some iconic locations and also eating some amazing food And I'm just so pumped. I kind of have a plan, but I also just want to see where the wind takes me So we're gonna eat some food visit some touristy spots and just have a beautiful London kind of day Anywho's let's go do this It's a beautiful April day the temperatures in the 50s and it's a little bit rainy out, but that's okay. I'm used to it I'm from Florida. I Arrived in London yesterday, and it took a full day for me to actually kick the jet lag So this is my first day actually going out and just discovering the city itself And I'm still getting used to how they actually say things over here Like for instance when I got off the airplane I immediately was looking for a restroom But I was walking past all the signs because they said toilets and then also same thing goes for elevators They call those lifts and it's really fun because normally your eyes are peeled for those exact words And I was just walking right past them, but I'm getting used to and it's really fun I really do enjoy everything so far Our first stop of the day is gonna be here at Burroughs Market And it looks like a really fun place, and I'm excited to actually shop around a little bit They've got Ted's veg right there and look at there's the crew. I'm excited little London day boys day in London For the most part we are just using an Uber to get to all the different places that we actually want to go So we're just gonna be skipping around, but I'm gonna kind of guide you in the direction of where we're going It's definitely a very popular spot lots of people are all gathering around They've got a little oyster bar here, and I just like all the lights up here as well Look at this amazing wild mushroom risotto stand man, they're actually cooking it up right in front of us.  It smells amazing here Honestly, wow all of the produce. I'm not even a big risotto fan, but that just looks like it's the best in the world This is a very crowded area like I am literally elbows to elbows basically everywhere I go, but I'm enjoying it a lot They also have a lot of amazing fruit selections Including chocolate covered strawberries and look how they have like the fondue and they just filled the cup up with chocolate These little tiny strawberries here. I Love this and all fresh juice. That's watermelon juice right there Cheers to some old wine Thanks guys That is comforting I love it amazing There is gonna be a lot that we have to do today, so we're gonna move along from the borough market But here's a beautiful shot of it along with the shard up there. They also had the ginger pig Where they have world famous sausage rolls over there Another thing I'm getting used to is the fact that they drive on a different side of the road over here So you always have to look to your left as you can see the cars coming through and I just love all the automobiles too. Look at this Isn't that so nifty? I'm with all of my friends from Roosevelt's the company that actually makes the shirts that I wear like this one right here And it's so awesome because some of them have been here to London before and this being my first time I honestly don't know if I'm missing anything or anything like that So some of them are luckily enough to be pointing it out for me So I can be like ooh and I get excited because I would walk right past something and not even know what it is But then the second someone says what it is. I'm like, I know what that is Just about a two-minute walk from the market is the anchor one of the oldest pubs in London This was established in 1615 and the outside of it looks so cool. I'm gonna show you guys the inside we have reservations We're actually gonna eat here and look at this doorway. I love everything about this place Welcome to one of London's oldest pubs Main bar is just in this way Wow Look at this awesome little fireplace This is so cool Yeah, I think I'm in love with this place. This is indeed just so so epic Here is a cool picture of the pub in 1932 1932 a lot has changed since then this was the outside that we just saw you right here How crazy is that? That's so amazing This place is so cool on the inside But I do like I said I want to show you on the outside because it's along the river and you get a beautiful view And maybe we'll grab a pint Right here is the outside area. Wait till I show you guys the view up here Look at this beautiful view right here and you can see they have some signs pointing you in the direction of some iconic landmarks Buckingham Palace is 2.15 miles that way the Tower of London the Green King brewery And also look at all the amazing views from the water The bridge this is this is iconic. I love it here so much Dry hopped cheers All the chairs all the chairs to London Some local beer. I got a dry hoppy beer Remember I just got you a lot of that's good Sitting out here watching all the uber boats go by makes me really want to go ride one So maybe a little bit later on they also have a london eye river cruise there that looks interesting But I think for now I think we're gonna head into the pub and get something to eat I'm not too sure what i'm gonna get to eat I want to try something different and unique like something to london or europe or something like that I don't want to try something I can get you know over in the states or anything like that. So we'll see what they have on the menu Here is a look at the menu at the anchor. They've got butternut squash soup They've got king prawns and chorizo. They've got sundae roast They got a 28 day aged sirloin of beef roasted half chicken nut roast wellington Wow, that all looks good. And then of course you guys know the currency is different here So the prices are like 4.95 for the soup and that's different in american dollars But i'm sure we're gonna find some good stuff. Maybe some uh fishing chips or steak and ale pie Steak and ale pie sounds amazing. It's an award-winning steak and ale pie I might have to try that Like I mentioned before all of the restrooms are called toilets here But they also have some traditional cast gales here and I might want to try some of them I think I had this green uh king IPA already That's like the local brewery, but the one I just had that was like the dry hop. That was so good The food has arrived. We've got fish and chips. We've got prawns with chorizo This is the steak and pie right here more fish and chips.  Good oh Quite nice a good soup I have to try the fish so i'm gonna steal a little piece right here scoop me up a little fish and chips I definitely want to try the fish and chips so my friends let me try some of his and i'm excited because look at it It looks amazing. It's one gigantic piece. So here we go Wow That fish and chips is phenomenal I should just say the fish but it's so hard to separate fish and chips like you just call it that you know I mean the fish is amazing But now i'm going to dive in to my little steak pie here and it looks good Look at it all in here and then we got the potatoes and then the cabbage there and i'm excited I honestly don't want to cut into this because it's so perfect, but we have to do it. So here we go.  They have a different texture than like regular mash you would get in the states I don't know why or maybe it's just the way that they prepare them here And they even came out like not looking like potatoes like they were almost molded, but they're very good This place is really fun, but one thing I noticed everywhere I've went so far like kind of in London There's always steps and it's always small ceilings like if you want to come down here You have to mine the step and like come down and you notice that it gets a little bit Tighter and this is actually the old bar here where we're sitting up there I think that's just an addition, but this is the this is the real bar that was here since 1620 I think The anchor was so awesome. I loved being in there enjoying a pint and also my food was fantastic And I sampled some of the other food that was all good Now we're gonna head out and explore and walk around I think we're gonna just walk around like we're gonna walk along the water that may be over the bridge And uh, go check out big ben and parliament and all the cool spots Here is a beautiful view of the city itself and then look over here This is shakespeare's theater and this is so cool They actually have guided tours for that and I love this little corner spot right here I don't know what this is, but i'm sure it's something significant because it's blocked off. You can't go there But it just looks so awesome. I love everything. I love all the buildings here Look at this incredible view. You've got the city of london right there You got st paul's cathedral and then actual like london and we're like Parliament and stuff like a big ban and stuff like that. I think it's actually over there I'm pretty sure we'll find our way, but we're actually gonna make our way across that bridge eventually We're going across the water As we were walking along the water they have a little beach here called ernie's beach And I didn't think you were allowed to go down here, but apparently you are allowed look at this This is actually really really cool It's gonna put my toes in real quick I'm gonna go swimming I feel like if I walk out close, I'm gonna slip and fall I'm pretty positive that's gonna happen, but I'm not gonna do it. We'll go right about here Look at this view It's a low tide We are almost to the london eye and I can see a little bit of big ben and i'm so excited like This is it. This is like these are the things that I've been excited to actually see And I'm sure I'm gonna get there and just like look at it and be like oh, that's nice But I want to I want to look at it and be like oh, this is nice And then there's gonna be other things to do around there I wouldn't mind stopping in another pub or something to eat a little bit later on I'm just here like I want to do the touristy things, you know We have made it to the london eye. Look at that This used to be the world's largest Ferris wheel, but I think somebody beat them and this looks huge though I would do it, but it's like a 30 minute I almost just got attacked by a pigeon But it takes like 35 minutes to go all the way around and there's a lot of other things I want to see in that 30 minutes So I think we're gonna keep moving along and make our way over to parliament and big ben Look at that And there it is Wow, look at that. This is incredible. I don't know why I'm so excited But like I said, I was gonna get here and just look at it and that's what it's happening And I'm I'm kind of just in awe. It's really awesome just to be able to see it in person Another thing that is just running through my head is v from vendetta It's one of my favorite movies and there's a classic scene with this actually behind me that if you've seen the movie You know what I'm talking about and it's just you know, I mean, it's just so cool to be here in person Look at how cool this is Wow I love seeing all the double decker buses This is incredible Now we're gonna make our way actually over on the other side And uh get up close with parliament and the big ben there. I like this now. We're up on the bridge It's definitely a very busy area on this bridge But I'm noticing that the picture is a little bit better when you're on the bridge Not on the other side of the water So I stopped and took a couple of photos and I lost my group I love everything even the lamp posts. Look at that. This is it's just so beautiful. It's incredible I'm sure whatever you see in this video is probably going to be trimmed down But I'm just walking around just videotaping everything actually at the moment. So it's really funny because I'm like We're now waiting in line to get a photo with this phone booth because it's got this amazing Big ben like in the background there and a lot of people are here for it. Look at this. It's a popular stop Steve knows the way. He's the one that's he's literally guiding this expedition today. He knows all the spots Oh very good sign me up. I would go again. I'm gonna leave you a five star review on yelp It looks like the rain is coming down pretty hard. We need to find a pub and seek some shelter I also want to get on one of those buses too. I want to sit on the top. We have to wait across the street here The rain has turned into hail here. So we're kind of stationary We've got newspaper to keep ourselves dry. It's really really coming down though Look at it. I think we're heading to the red lion Holy moly Look at that view No time to look We made our way over to the red lion. This is one of steve's picks right here. He really does know a lot Definitely looks crowded in there We might pass on the red lion We couldn't even get in the door there and we made our way down to the west minster arms And this place looks promising not a lot of people Here it is the west minster arms queen and english dining room upstairs. Oh, it looks kind of crowded in here too Pass it back pass it back give this to kevin Oh kevin's not here kevin's not here All right, it looks like the rain has stopped and we are clear to proceed But look at these amazing alleyways right here. I love it The sun is just starting to come out, but just take a look at this We were gonna try to make our way down to buckingham palace But I might save that for another day because we're losing daylight now. I think we're gonna Head on down to kahootz. I think that's the name of the spot But look how beautiful it is out right now the sun's gonna start setting soon. But look at this I'm telling you I love it here so much. I don't know why because it reminds me of new york city But not as crowded and people are just I think generally nicer We are definitely gonna have to do a part two like a london day part two I know we're gonna be here for star wars celebration And we're gonna be getting some of that content, but I want to come down and just explore a little bit more So like I said, if any of you guys have any recommendations, let me know in the comments And uh, I'll try to get to all the good spots. You know what I mean? There's a lot to cover, you know As you guys know the coronation is actually coming up and here is the horse guard parade I think they call it look you got a little rainbow over there too. This is so like Crazy that I'm here right now Look there's even some horse poo right there. This is insane. I wonder how much those seats cost. Look at the seats up there This is spectacular beautiful park over here Ahead of us is piccadilly square piccadilly circus It's kind of it's kind of like time square, but uh here in london I love all those underground signs Yeah Makes you want to be underground Look at this here This really is like a little mini new york city like a time square area This is the first like phone booth. I think I've come across where Nobody was actually waiting to go inside and I just wanted to see what it was like on the inside It definitely smells funny I mean, I don't know if these phones actually work anymore But it's kind of cool to see it and there's tons of them all around But a lot of people like to just take photos with them. I hope they never get rid of them. Oh, this one's got a window smashed out too The place that we're going to is called kahootz And it's kind of like a speakeasy in an underground like tunnel or like an underground rail car station And a lot of people said it's like one of the best places to visit in soho. So i'm very excited for that This is the way to kahootz And it's like through kingly court. I think You always have to be careful which way you're actually walking. We're in soho Let's see There we go. Oh, I see it all the way down there Oh, we found it You are in kahoot with them In kahootz with them Our name is on the list for kahootz and they actually directed us next there next like next door to Single station and i'm not too sure what that is but we're going to go there and wait until we can get in the kahootz Kahootz is right there and single station they said is in here, but we have to go downstairs And uh, we're gonna see what it's like I hope i'm not gonna get robbed Look at this this doesn't seem hey, how are you? Oh, wow This is kind of incredible Oh, there it is Wow, this is really cool Look at that a winston church hill tiki mug. I love it Dth every time we go out. He's always got to get a tiki mug. I love this place Oh, yeah One two three right here Cheers This place is actually really cool But we are still going to go to the actual kahootz inside the subway itself This is just the station and i kind of like it over here already the music's good. The drinks is good We got dancers entertainment I love that they serve water and thermoses like this and it's just so cool everything in here is just so well detailed I really want to see what the actual kahootz is like they probably have live entertainment here on some nights That's why they got the little stage there Now we're actually going to make our way into kahootz Oh, wow This is cool My American brother welcome to kahootz guys. I'm so excited Wow, this is so cool. Holy moly Ah, very well, thank you Ah, thank you. Wow, this is amazing in here Wow And this is national train car All right What Kahootz was actually really cool looking honestly though. I kind of I like this single station a little bit better I mean inside of there. It was really nice. We're not staying for a drink.  It's very cool Yeah, it's very creative. I feel like I may have seen that video I don't want any trouble.  I think they said it was an indian like food restaurant Um, and I I really haven't had much indian food in the past But everyone says this is one of the best restaurants to go to in london. So here we are I don't know much about indian food So I'm literally going to be relying on my friends to actually help me out here And they said it's like family style So you have to order like two or three things like per person and I'm excited I might actually try some marsol, which is a very popular item here in london I don't know what to get. I might get the the prawns marsol prawns here And of course the cheeky the the the chicken. I tried to say chicken and tiki at the same time I said the cheeky the cheeky But I'm excited. It looks like uh Things are I mean they're fairly priced. So it's not so bad, but from what I hear this is like an excellent excellent Restaurant, so I'm very excited It might be a little bit loud in there So I'm gonna try to show you guys as much as I can But I'll make sure to let you know what I think of the food once I get done and let you know what I actually eat The Restaurant itself is so beautifully decorated Look at this and I keep I want to say dish room because you know working in restaurants my life I always used to seeing dish room signs Here's some lamb samosa. I probably won't be eating any of that Okra fries, I'm kind of interested in Let me see here. Oh, yeah some shrimps maybe too That looks actually really good Some okra fries The food has arrived I think this is the The prawns Marcel or Yeah And then the chicken we got the rice look at the whole table. It looks amazing and also look at these lamb chops I Have definitely eaten some spicy food right now, but I have to say I love all of this food.   I'm sorry I couldn't film much in there because it is very loud and the atmosphere is just very Energetic, but uh, I loved it. I love the chicken. I love the prawn. I love the marçal It was so amazing the non bread with the garlic like everything Was exceptional probably one of the best meals I've ever had So i'm so happy that we got to go there and uh now let's get a little late So I think we're gonna make it back to the hotel and uh take it from there There's a lot of stuff where we're actually staying so we might call it a night Or we might just continue on hanging out all depends on how we feel once we get back there But it is it has been a long day and we have gotten a lot accomplished in just our first outing And with that, I think we are done here for the night. It's been an epic first day I had so much fun hanging out going around exploring london and there's a lot more to come Like I feel like we got a lot accomplished today And I've already started to see a lot of people sending me messages of like some cool things to do So i'm definitely gonna be looking through some of them. I'm very excited. I'm excited for star wars celebration I'm gonna be there. So if you guys are there come say hi. I know saturday from 12 to 2 But uh, yeah, I'm just thrilled to be in europe. I'm thrilled to be here And uh, I can't wait to make more videos and share my experiences with you So I hope you enjoyed the video. I enjoyed making it We'll see you next time Bye