ThinkTek Hawaii, civil engagement lives here. Oha Hawaii, I'm Wendy Lo, and I'm your new friend, actually by this point I'm your dear friend as we journey to take your health back. We are coming to you live from downtown Honolulu from the studios of ThinkTek Hawaii. Today our topic of discussion will be on the healthy living revolution in Hawaii. What we would like to take away from today's discussion is the idea that we can truly take healthy back through awareness, education, and with a community of like-minded people. So remember that now, that's very important. We got to stay with these like-minded people and if we can't find them we've got to educate them and gather them because it's so much easier. It's so much easier when everyone's on the same page and until we get to that point we got to work on it really hard with some people but other than that we just got to make sure that we're in the like-minded community of healthiness. Today we are very honored to welcome Pamela Su who is a dear friend. She has been a lifestyle coach for 20 years and markets and distributes whole food supplementation. She has committed to applying and teaching the principles of health through nutrition and sharing her life experiences lecturing throughout the United States and here in Hawaii. Aloha Pamela Su. Aloha, I'm Wendy and thank you so much for inviting me to this show. I just wanted you to come on because every time I hang out with you my health levels go up a notch two or three or four and so every time I stray away remember I told you about like-minded community every time I stray away from that I need doses of you because you just live it and it's your lifestyle and so this is what I want I want to reach this point and then I want to be infectious on a health journey to infect others with such greatness of knowledge and it just experience of how to live and take healthy back. So tell us a little bit about yourself. Okay, well I awakened to this healthy living revolution about 30 years ago, no 20 years ago. I was in my early 40s and I was a cleaning lady at the time and I was experiencing a lot of fatigue some inflammation in the muscles and the joints and I was thinking oh my gosh what am I going to be like 20 years from now and it really made me start to be concerned about my future and I thought about my parents my mom had had her first heart attack when she was 40 and my dad had died of cancer at the age of 62 so I started praying and asking for you know what's the answer to all of this and I received a teaching called health through nutrition by a Dr. Joel Robbins in Tulsa, Oklahoma and that was changed my life forever you know we had those events that changed our life forever and that was it for me and what I learned began my journey on this healthy living revolution and thankfully I found there were other people that wanted to come along on this journey like you Wendy and what I what we have woken up to is that we really do want to take responsibility and take our health back and it really is up to us to do that for ourselves and our family. Exactly you know we have one body one temple and only we know when it aches and hurts you know we know when we're happy or sad and we can put on a happy face and not be you know but we have to take healthy back by stewarding our bodies the way we know best and I tell you it's sure much easier when I hang out with you trust me you have no idea the impact you have had on my life so we are truly on a journey and right now it's you and us me and we're gathering the stones of healthiness and so I just remember back in the day how simple it was we didn't have all these trendy diets we didn't have all this super food you know these crazes that you have to do this and you have to do that and not do this you know life was so much simpler back then I mean we would just go out to the backyard pick food from Tutu's garden and we would eat it we didn't open cans and go to fast food places and you know do that so we were so blessed as kids we played outside I lived on the beach we swam until I was like Paul that was dark you know no sunburn but just having the time of my life we'd play out there until we were dirty I mean really dirty then we come home we change clothes and then we go to sleep right I mean of course we fit in a meal or two then here and there but you know it was just so much simpler today looks so different these kids they come home they go to the TV they play with their computers they play with their games family dinners are replaced by fast food let's grab a bite bring it home in a container sit down maybe as a family maybe not but just eating that way and it's just different sugary sodas that was a treat when I was a good girl maybe on a Saturday we got a sugary suit right but now that's the drink of choice exactly you know they're drinking these sodas and the soft drinks everything in a can everything in a bottle you know what I just I just don't understand it you know and all these sugary drinks they they they take away all of our our zest for life they spike us up with all that sugar that greatness of sugar and then they drop us down then we don't got no energy right and then we got to drink another drink those energy drinks yeah to pop us back up right you know families is there any hope for us oh yeah I think the the main thing is to remember that we're not alone you know and we can become a part of communities everywhere that are awakening to this need to shift back to the basics of whole food plant-based nutrition because that really does matter going back to those basics you know it's so much more important than looking good in our yoga pants wouldn't you agree and we have started a healthy revolution right here in Hawaii we're taking healthy back I know we're trying really hard families and you know the goodness is that people are listening and we do we we have some help from different documentaries that are coming in but people have to discern what's right and what's not and so by hearing it from you and I and gathering the stones of health more of us can get the word out so that when we see the the truth we know that that's the truth and that's what we should be doing and living and taking healthy back so how are we taking health back Pamela? Well it all starts with seeing how important it is to take care of ourselves you know if we aren't taking care of ourselves we can't be the best version of ourselves right so we need to all ask ourselves how are we doing in this area and these things and I mean really doing how are we doing with eating real food you know are we eating real food or are we eating stuff out of a package that's processed how are we doing with our exercise are we exercising most days at least five days a week and what about water and that doesn't mean tea and coffee and sodas and wine and all those beverages that we seem to drink but water is so important 75 percent of our body is water and our bodies need water and then sleep I really like to talk about the sleep our society is very sleep deprived and we get so many benefits from a good night's sleep our body cleanses it detoxifies we have healing that takes place while we're sleeping and hormones are replenished even so we need proper sleep to be healthy absolutely okay so I'm guilty I don't get enough sleep but I function but I know as I'm getting older I need to get more sleep and so I'm working very hard on that and I will admit right now that I get about four hours of sleep and it's a bit not enough by stand other standards but as I'm retired I'm trying to hit five hours and if I'm up at the fifth hour I'll stay on the bed and just be still and meditate so I'm learning so you can teach this old dog new tricks okay we're gonna work on that yes you need seven to eight I know but oh my gosh first so I'm working on that and I also wanted to throw a trivia question I'm always going to do this how much water does our body really need I mean you say our body's about 75 liquid so the rule of thumb for water the basic rule of thumb don't hold me to it but what I've learned is that you take your body weight and you divide it by two so if I were 100 pounds divided by two that's 50 50 ounces of water is what my body needs a minimal yeah and from there I can drink more than that but try not to drink less than half your body weight is that correct Pamela I think it is um you know we don't want to overdo it but it's always a challenge to get more water you know and whatever it takes I like to infuse the water with fruit and and put it on the counter and drink infused water just that little taste of fruit in there makes it really delicious and really helps with that so the next slide talks about two startling trends in our world so we need to be aware of these startling trends in our world Pamela Sue tell us about it well um we do have we do need to be aware of these two startling trends and awareness is the key right right being aware being aware and that's that's the way how we start making these healthier changes so let me see would you agree that we are living in a chemical world now not like Madonna who says we live in a material world so I don't know what's worse is that a material world is worse in a chemical world but I remember just um from some taking a step back into my childhood we lived in Waipahu and I remember on Friday nights talking about chemical worlds on a Friday night what did we do because we didn't go out to the movies and we didn't have a lot of access you know to social life but I do remember there were a lot of mosquitoes in Waipahu because we live by the sugar plantations and there was a mosquito truck I remember that you remember okay so this truck would shoot out the smoke and we thought whoa look at this just like those rock stars with all the smoke coming out of the truck right and we used to change don't tell me you got on the bike and went after oh hey we were doing that in Michigan oh you weren't you guys had them there too we did oh okay so not just Waipahu okay I grew up in Michigan and this is what I did come from I know but that's what we did I know right and it was fun and yes and in and our parents encouraged it yeah well they didn't stop us they didn't stop us and they thought wow they didn't know Friday night that's the whole they just didn't know but now we know different right so would you agree that we are living in a chemical world yeah we're bombarded with toxins from every every everywhere you know we're breathing them you know they're in our cleaning supplies when I was a cleaning lady I was breathing that you know Hawaii has pretty nice clean air when the volcano is not going off and when the trade winds are blowing right but we breathe them we put them on our skin with lotions and all the things that we put on did you know that our skin absorbs toxins just as if we're eating them exactly to be aware exactly what we're putting on our skin right and then our lawn right and our pools and we're even eating them I know and I know that if you can't pronounce the word that means we better not touch it and I remember families you were the funniest thing when I was hanging out with you we'd go to the store I think it was like a store called Blue Hawaii or something they had all these natural products Japanese girl the poor girl you asked her she's what she was telling us to try the products natural honey products and you kept asking her can you eat it and she goes hi hi hi can you eat it and she said yes yes and so you are putting it on your tongue and she goes don't eat it do you remember poor thing she just didn't understand she didn't but those products are edible yeah those are they are and so I remember that every time like right now all I put on my face is coconut oil or coconut oil or grape seed oil yeah because you see so I'm listening to what you say and you have influenced my and you have saved a lot of money for me but because coconut oil I mean I can buy a big jar I drink it I gargle with it I do all the great things with our hair yes good for the dogs when they get itchy skin yes you rub them down with it it's great for our memory because it's a fat that our body and our brains need along with avocado oils right so heck right so if you can't pronounce the ingredients in our foods and you're in trouble so have you ever heard if you can't pronounce it that means it's not going to be the best for us yeah exactly and so we have to live with that thought in our head the ingredients this is what we want to look at and they're going to be very tiny but you've got to read them because that's your future if you agree yeah right so the less you see in the ingredients list the better yeah so if there's only like coconut oil what do you see in the ingredients this coconut oil and that ingredients list is very tiny and you have to search for it sometimes and that's by design right they say on the label is not what's in there right right but we got to find that ingredients list and the less words that are in that ingredients list the better that food is right and then the closest to the source I mean like if you have apple sauce you want to make sure that the apple is the first ingredient there yeah right right yeah I know we work with Dr. David Katz and he has a whole website designed to teach kids how to read labels and if we just take some time to go out and look at these sources of information we ourselves will be I mean just growing healthier longer but don't forget your glasses yes because it is hard to read it is hard to read so the whole idea is but first of all taking the time to read but then yes bring your glasses or a little magnifying sheet that you can go ahead and source it yeah but then again if it's that many and that small maybe it's not the right product for us yeah so let's see we're going to take a break right now and we've covered a little bit about the healthy living revolution and the journey and how important it is to just hang out with like-minded friends like yourself and if anybody wants to come and hang out with us and just learn and understand more this is what we're doing this is a revolution a healthy revolution that we're trying to start so we'll be right back in 60 seconds I'm Jay Fidel think tech think tech loves energy I'm the host of Mina Marco and me which is Mina Morita former chair of the PUC former legislator and energy dynamics a consulting organization in energy Marco Mangostorf is the CEO of provision solar in Hilo every two weeks we talk about energy everything about energy come around and watch us we're on at noon on Mondays every two weeks on think tech aloha when I was growing up I was among the one in six American kids who struggle with hunger and hungry mornings make tired days grumpy days that kind of days but with the power of breakfast the kids in your neighborhood can think big and be more we're not hungry for breakfast we're hungry for more more ideas more dreams more fun when kids aren't hungry for breakfast they can be hungry for more go to hunger is dot org and lend your time or your voice to make breakfast happen for kids in your neighborhood here we are again with Pamela Sue and she's with the starting up or working with the healthy living revolution and what we discussed earlier in the show is just sticking around like-minded people and when you find this core of friends our lifestyle becomes a greater lifestyle much easier because everyone's thinking the same way because I remember so clearly and even till today when I was trying to start off eating healthier and I try to eat less you know of the bad things and trying to go more plant strong and so I would just kind of say I'm not going to eat that today I'm not going to eat that go Wendy that's your favorite why don't you just eat it it's just one one naughty meal and I go yeah but they don't understand I had a naughty meal yesterday and the day before because the other friends said it's okay so as I grow grew my nucleus of healthier friends it became easier because they were encouraging me to yes Wendy good job good job you're doing a great job just keep eating healthy I'm so you know excited that I get encouraged versus slammed or slapped because I want to do the right thing so Pamela Sue you know the the trends that affect us are so out there can you just tell us a little bit about these trends these two trends that really really affect us so we just talked about them we talked about the chemicals in food and the toxins in the environment and our foods are deficient we have deficient foods and we how do these two trends affect us well it all contributes to oxidative stress and that is at the cellular level the toxins the unhealthy ingredients it's stress just from life you know anybody like that yes everybody outside of this office yeah so the bottom line is oxidative stress causes aging and disease but the great news is we can reduce oxidative stress with antioxidants every single day we need to get them in have you ever squeeze a lemon on lemon juice on an apple and noticed how it protects it from turning brown it's that's the aging process that it's slowing down the lemon has very powerful antioxidants in us and the only in it and the only way we can get those antioxidants is from fruits and vegetables and they protect us and they slow down the aging that's why eating seven to thirteen servings of fruits and vegetables is so important because we need lots of antioxidants to protect us so what i'm hearing you say is if i wasn't just on a health journey for my body and just to feel good but if i changed up my diet and my lifestyle it'll help me look better is that what you're kind of saying sure right because it's going to reduce the aging process in the oxidative stress exactly and you know pamela so i've known you for many years and i will just tell you that every time i see you you're looking younger and younger and i'm so excited about that and when i work with all the different young ladies entering in contest and all that i continue to share this idea with them because i simply tell them you know you are 22 and 23 years old you look great you're in your prime and getting to your prime but when you're sixties what do you want to look like then do you want to look like you're in your sixties or seventies or do you want to look like you're in your thirties or forties and you know what the answer to that is well well if they start younger i tell you the journey becomes even sweeter smoother more beautiful and that's what we want for all and i think it needs to be even younger than that because in the 20s they're gonna they're not really open to hearing that but we can get the children when they're young and start feeding their cells their body will start craving more of the same so eating lots of fruits and vegetables will help with this because they contain powerful antioxidants and let me just show you so i always want to talk about my apple because you know you hear the saying and apple day keeps the doctor away and pamela so i mean this apple contains about like 10 000 nutrients and vitamins is this important is this what you're talking about yes yes so yeah i want you to tell us about all the greatness in fruits and veg okay well i think he's going to show us a slide right okay yeah he's going to put up one another slide there it is there you go so this isn't this is really amazing right these fruits and vegetables that are um that's pretty fascinating they're packed with thousands of phytonutrients which are plant nutrients they have vitamins minerals antioxidants and everything else that helps prevent disease and reduce the aging process so this list is only 400 of the 10 000 that scientists believe are in a fruit in one fruit or one vegetable and the different colors of fruits and vegetables will bring even more variety of phytonutrients or plant nutrients to them as well so we need these plant nutrients in all the colors of the rainbow you ever hear about eating the rainbow diet so what a great what a great concept right right and why do we need to do that because they these nutrients will cleanse and detoxify and protect us from these two trends that we're all facing fruits and vegetables give us the right balance and the synergy of nutrients that our body needs so if you compare the list of that many fruits and vegetables the nutrients that are in just in the apple there's only 400 of the 10 000 compared to 20 on a vitamin label doesn't it make more sense just to go ahead and eat the apple we really can't replace the apple yes and so that that's so true in apple day keeps the doctor I mean imagine right 10 000 nutrients and vitamins imagine if you had to take that and consume it and if you did word you end up right I'd have to call ER and you would go there to pump out your gut because of all that stuff that that you just consume but when you do it in the natural form it's delicious it's delicious and you know what to me guys this is fast food at its best right I mean you barely you just have to wash it you don't have to even cut it you don't cook it you just wash it and you eat it so then this is a natural way so tell us a little bit about vitamin supplement the supplementation well yeah so we don't have a vitamin deficiency we have a whole food deficiency in our diets so again it's consciousness and awareness and and being aware of this and our revolution is all about going back to the basics of being clean local and mostly plant-based okay so now Pamela Sue now I know what you put on your body it's all going to be natural and organic it's all going to be the things that we can eat so tell me what do you eat what about animal products um are you considered a vegan vegetarian pescatarian what would I say that's so funny people ask me that all the time I don't want to be labeled any of those exactly because you never know where I'm when I'm going to eat some dairy or I'm going to eat some and that's okay we just don't want to make it a habit of every single day so I'm not a vegan or a vegetarian but I do eat animal products um but I am careful to be aware to be sure they are fed or eating clean food because we are what we eat and they are what they eat so we don't want to be eating animal products that have antibiotics or hormones or any of those things that could damage our health as well because they're toxic right so I'm really careful about that um you know like grass fed beef they have omega threes in that grass fed beef corn fed beef is omega six we want the omega threes from the grass fed beef did you know the big island is the pioneer in the grass fed beef movement yay that's great that's fabulous that's amazing I love it I love it right right and so I eat them sparingly because they are more expensive because there's more work that goes into raising a calf you know on grass and there is into getting them fat on corn so I eat animal foods sparingly but I like to follow Michael Pollan's advice and he says to eat food not too much mostly plants so I eat lots of salad local fruits and vegetables smoothies with frozen berries I love fermented foods like kimchi cultured vegetables and kombucha those are rich in in probiotics and enzymes that help the digestive system and I supplement with whole food plant-based supplementation to bridge the nutritional gaps because I don't always always eat right so this way I can afford to do the 80-20 rule you know 80 percent of the time eat healthy clean plant-based nutrition 20 percent of the time go ahead and splurge whatever that may be including an order of french fries yes amen and so guys okay remember now 80 percent healthy 20 percent the other things slurge have fun okay have a glass of wine enjoy your life eat the birthday cake when you go out right and the key is not to let food become an issue right you know don't let it become an issue and don't talk to people about it just eat it that way and I'll start to see you because a lot of times people are afraid what they're going to think about you according to what you eat but don't make an issue out of it exactly make the changes and set an example and you'll watch people will follow you and they are watching they are they are watching because they knew you 20 years ago and they're gonna like you're doing you're doing something right girl so I want to watch you and figure it out and so yes they are watching us very closely yeah you know they always said oh when you eat plant strong or you know this kind of diet healthy it's so expensive to eat healthy you know and so I I yeah it may cost a little bit but you eat less but you're eating better so you're going for quality right right so I always say is that when you eat better today you're not going to be going to the doctor as much and so what does that mean saving in medical bills yes means that yes I get to eat better quality of food get sick less and I can enjoy my life yes right in a helpful way and isn't that the way we want to grow as we grow older because I'm like our age is just a number yeah it's just a number but how do we approach 60s and 70s and 80s matters to me right and so by making the right choices today will matter on that journey and so what are your thoughts about that about eating and paying for a better quality today and not having medical bills so your thoughts on that well we can invest or we can stop so we can invest in our wellness or we subsidize our illness we get to choose right so I prefer to invest in my wellness and it's either pay now or pay later so I would rather pay now and enjoy all that healthy delicious food because it really truly is healthy and delicious to eat that way and rather than to feel sick and to have to pay the medical bill and is insurance going to cover it and go through all of that you know I'd rather invest rather than just my wellness and subsidize my illness I go for that amen you know we're going to wrap this up because our talk is coming to an end but you know 20 years ago you weren't this full of vitality and you were hurting a little bit and so how do you feel today well I'm in my 60s yes and I have more vitality in health today than I did 20 years ago and it's going to just keep getting better because people like you are going to partner with me and we're going to bring more people in and have fun with this as we build community the main how do we do this the main thing is to become educated and stay educated there are so many documentaries and books available and just that will inspire you and to educate you because we have to change the way we think about food right and once we see how powerful it can be and how wonderful it really is it's really amazing support the local eat local movement go to the local health food stores and attend educational seminars that are available in the community and be brave try new foods don't be afraid and just have fun with that wow that's great information so if everyone you didn't get it the first time you're going to find the link that we're going to send out and you're going to listen to this and make healthier choices and join the healthy living revolution because you too can look and feel as good as Pamela Sue in her 60s and she did not feel this way in her 40s so we want more of this for everybody so from Pamela Sue and myself Mahalo for listening and just take your health back guys aloha everyone


Great, so we really look forward to your talk about this pipeline. It's been a Pipeline that was released two months after starting being created, right? Yes. Yes. It was quite a mammoth sprint to get this out. It's quite, yeah, I'll talk about that now. Perfect. So we look forward. So this pipeline was the works really started on this towards the end of March when Covid was becoming a bit of a pest in in in the UK and around Europe, mainly. And NFCOR, other people on NFCOR decided that they wanted to help contribute pipelines to analyse Covid data. And if I must say so myself, I don't think there's a better place to put these pipelines, because you can imagine people trying to run these pipelines all across the world and would like to run it in a reproducible, standardised manner. And so we thought we would attempt to contribute to the effort for analysing Covid data. We started off with a bit of haste, creating a couple of pipelines, which we then have deleted. The main reason for that was that we didn't really have any domain experts, domain knowledge, and it's very difficult to develop pipelines like this without having people who know what they're doing. And most, and of course, pipelines already have this, if not all of them. Otherwise, the pipeline just doesn't work. So luckily, Michael Hewitt at the time put us in touch with Sarai, Miguel and Sara from Busk in Spain. And they had already written a couple of next level pipelines to do this. They are, I believe, part of a surveillance unit in Spain looking at outbreaks and other things in Spain. So we decided that we would port their pipelines. Luckily, they already had a couple of pipelines to do this. One was for assembly. The other one was for variant calling. And so we decided after a very quick chat, they were up for it and they said, yes, let's do this. And so we got together and started developing this pipeline on the 30th of March. So the pipeline was, to summarize, a pipeline is was being developed to do Danavo assembly on viral sequences and also to call variants or look for mutations in the virus. And it was developed specifically for Illumina sequencing data. So this could be data coming from real clinical samples, directly from clinical samples, or it could be based on enrichment protocols like the Arctic protocol. So after two months of madness, we finally released the first version of this. We massively imported both of their pipelines into a single pipeline. And we then ended up with three variant calling routes. So we've got three variant callers. We were using BASCAN, IVAR and BCF tools. And we're also using four different assembly algorithms. So we're using spades, metaspades, unicycler and Minya. And so this just gives the user more flexibility in terms of calling variants and doing assembly. As some of you may already know, you get quite different results depending on which algorithm you choose. And so we decided to give the user the options. And to the right there are the people that were involved in the first release. And so thank you all for contributing and getting involved and helping out. There are also a number of other things we added to the pipeline, which are more generically applicable like SRA, ENA and GEO type download. So as you know, if you use an extra pipeline, there's a from SRA method that allows you to do this. But there are a couple of limitations that we found that warranted may be writing a custom script. So this took a while. Jose was involved in this and we wrote a custom script, which actually works really well now and we can do MD5s on checks and other stuff within the pipeline downloading this data. So the pipeline can be used directly with SRA, ENA and GEO IDs as well. So you don't have to download it beforehand. There was a variant graph generation process added in and this came from help, I guess, from Eric and Michael to add this in. It's apparently quite a big thing at the moment. We also use this pipeline to... So on NFCOR, what we're trying to do is not only test the pipelines on small data, but also on large data, as Alex just mentioned in the previous talk. And this pipeline really was the first one where we stress tested our AWS GitHub actions and stuff on real full-size data. And so Gisela and I got involved and done quite a lot of work to get things working for that, which was really cool. And the pipeline was also written in a very flexible way. So there are extensive options in the pipeline to so you can literally run one process within that pipeline if you use all of the correct skip values. So we tried to make it as flexible as possible. And another thing that we, I think, are really proud of, what I am, is that we added a lot of custom metrics into the Multi-QC Report and Phil, Alex helped with this a lot before the last Multi-QC Release to add in modules we could use for this pipeline. And so if I take you to the report here in the browser, you can see it's quite an extensive Multi-QC Report and we're able to then add in some metrics that are just relevant to give you a good enough summary of the pipeline results at the top of the report, for example, this was quite tricky. But in the end, the way that I decided to implement it was to run Multi-QC once, let Multi-QC do all the heavy lifting and parsing of all of the information we needed. And then write a separate script that parsed the files that Multi-QC dumped, the YAML files, and then run Multi-QC again to inject this back into the report. So it was really interesting, really cool. But again, this also can be something that can be used for other pipelines as well. So you may not want a thousand metrics being thrown at you. You may just want a select set of metrics that help you assess how good the quality of the data is. And that's what you can use this for. So if I go back to my presentation. So after the pipeline was released, the quick where I work, just to give you a bit of background, have been doing testing RT-PCR tests for mainly for healthcare workers from University College London hospitals or UCLH. And they started doing this quite early on when the government was still trying to figure out what time it was. And so this was led mainly by some amazing scientists we have at the CRIQs, Charlie Swanton, Sonia Gandhi, Steve Gamlin, Jerome Nicole, who's the head of sequencing at the CRIQ. And they decided that they wanted to help with the effort and test healthcare workers. And they set up an entire pipeline within two weeks. And given the fact that reagents weren't available at the time, they decided to make them in-house. So they've been doing this now for healthcare workers. They still have this pipeline running, but we also now are using it to do weekly staff testing in-house, which is great within the CRIQ. And so far, we've got a thousand positive samples from approximately 50,000 tests that they've performed. And the idea would be with that at the moment is that the CRIQ would like to submit those thousand positive samples to COG UK, which is more of a nationwide initiative to track the evolution of the virus and also to track whether the outbreaks are due to local or coming from abroad, for example. And the way you do that is by looking at mutations in the virus. And they've done an amazing job setting up this infrastructure as well, and they've sequenced up to date now 35,000 viruses, but I think that might be an underestimate. And so the idea was that the CRIQ would upload these samples to COG UK. And the initial plan was to sequence a small set of samples on the Illumina MySeq using the Arctic Amplicon protocol, which is quite a popular protocol that's used for this. And for those that don't know what it is, if you... This is a screenshot of IGV showing the reads mapped to the COVID virus. So this is actually real data. And from the second track at the bottom, you can kind of see you've got staggered primers that cover the entire genome. And the idea behind this is that you essentially are able to then enrich by using these primers for the viral sequences, because a lot of the time you can imagine when you take swabs or any biological samples that the viral RNA or DNA is actually in quite low abundance. And so you need some way of enriching it and the Arctic primers are one way of doing that, essentially. So for transparency, once we have the data for those hundred samples, these are the parameters I use to run the pipeline. So one quite neat thing here is the NXF work variable I'm using. And I'm not sure if many people know this or use this, but it's quite cool to be able to output the work directory in a separate scrap space if you have one available. And this just makes things easier to deal with in terms of tidying data up and keeping things slimmer. So our working area is actually snapshotted and we don't want the work directory to be snapshotted as well. So we can output in a separate scrap space because it's just intermediate files. And so this was the command that I used to run the pipeline and this was the config that I used for the genomics. It's just nice to be able to bury away all of these things because they can be reused in exactly the same way. And so this is just me specifying that I'd like to use this version of the reference, this version of the Amplicon file and a local Kraken database as well. So one interesting case, I'm going to try and give you some biology here as well. One interesting case was that we had a couple of samples that were from a health worker who tested positive and then a couple of months later tested positive again whilst testing negative in between. And so there was interest in figuring out whether this healthcare worker actually contracted a new virus or new strain of the virus or had the same virus. But you can imagine it's quite odd that the virus just is there, disappears and then comes back again. And so this was quite an interesting case. When we ran the pipeline by default, the pipeline has a threshold for calling variants. So we have a lower threshold, which I believe is a 0.2 or something and a 0.25 and a higher level of 0.75. And what that essentially means is if you look at any particular base in the genome of the virus, what proportion of that base is a mutation or the mutation that you're looking at. And so because the virus has only got one strand of RNA, you can assume that you would, any mutations would show up with a frequency of close to one. And so we use a threshold of 0.75 to say that, okay, this is a high confidence set of SNPs and Indols if they are present at that allele frequency. However, it turned out when we looked at the data that there were some SNPs, as you can see on that table, there were some SNPs that were indeed common. However, there were a few that weren't agreeing across the samples. And this obviously raised some questions. So if we look at one of the SNPs, you can see that in sample two, you virtually have zero coverage in that region where the SNP is called. So you can see the red line at the top, that's the mutation in the virus. But if you look in the second track, there are no reads covering that location. And this it turned out was because the sample had a low CT score. So the CT score indicates how many cycles of PCR you need to do to get a certain amount of virus, I believe. And the higher that is, the lower quality the sample is. And the second sample was essentially a lower quality sample. And so you can see genome-wide that the coverage isn't as good with the amplicons. And then if we zoom in, you can see that red bar, which indicates that that amplicon has also cut out. So these were all plots and figures we decided to add in after the first release to improve the pipeline and to help troubleshoot these things. And so these are now generated by default by the pipeline. And so there's nothing you can really do about that. If you don't have coverage in that region, then you can't call a SNP there. We also added some other plots. So this is a heat map across all of the samples. And you can see at the intersection of those two samples, there's a blue bar there, which shows that there's low coverage. And again, this is really helpful to just look at the data straight away and to see, for example, which amplicons have low coverage and have dropped out and what the quality of the samples are like. So you can, for example, the samples at the bottom, four samples at the bottom, which are heavily blue, there's very little that we'll be able to do with that data. And that's low quality sample. There's not really much you can do about that. There was one SNP, however, where there is a discrepancy. So you can see the red bar in sample two at the bottom, but you can't see in sample one. This would need further validation, but it could be down to the fact that the sample two is lower quality. And so you've introduced a mutation, something that looks like a real mutation due to things like PCR or other things. Or it could just be, it could be the fact that the sample was poor. So this needs to be looked into more, but it's definitely interesting. The insertion that was called in one sample and not the other is actually in both samples. It turns out, so you can see now, this is I think a nine base pair or a six base pair insertion. And it turns out that it's actually in both samples and this has actually been observed in other samples around the world. And so it appears that this indel is real, but the reason it wasn't called in one of the samples is because if you look at the reads, if you look at what you would say is masked portion of the reads, you can see that they've been soft clipped off. And the reason is because the indel is at the end of the read. And so this now is more of an alignment issue. It's the reason it's there is because if the indel is at the end of the read, there isn't enough flanking bases there to be able to map that indel correctly. And so these get masked and that indel doesn't get called. And so it has a lower allele frequency that doesn't pass the 0.75 threshold that we use. And so then what happens is that it doesn't get detected. And this also, I guess, highlights the importance of actually looking at your indels and snips that you get in a genome browser to validate whether they're real or not. And so after all of this work, in collaboration mainly with Jerome from the sequencing facility, Robert, Richard helped a lot from the group with all of the plots and Angus, my boss. We managed to get another release of viral recon out with adding all of these plots and also adding functionality to intersect the variants across multiple callers. And so what that allows you to do is see how consistently the variant is called across all three callers, so BASCAN, IVAR and BCF tools. I also added in a neat little bit there to the pipeline, which I pinched a lot of the code from Phil's work on the RNA-seq pipeline. And the idea behind that would be that ignoring samples that had fewer than a certain amount of mapped reads to the viral genome, because we don't know the quality of the samples coming in, you can create a massive sample sheet, for example, run the pipeline and then the pipeline just fails because if you have poor quality samples where you don't get any mapping, then the pipeline will just die when it gets to bow tie or something or downstream when it tries to sort the bound file. And so to avoid that, we added in this min mapped reads parameter, which looks at the number of reads. So it takes the bow tie, flags that output, looks at the number of reads that you get. And then if it's less than a given threshold, then it just stops running anything downstream on the pipelines. And this just means the pipeline breaks less given the fact that we expect poor quality samples coming in. So some future plans definitely need some DSO2 implementation here. There are a lot of processes that are reused all over the place given the fact that we're running three assemblers and sorry, three bearing quarters, four assemblers. The downstream processes after those steps are pretty much the same. And so it'd be amazing to get a DSO2 implementation given the fact that we needed to get this pipeline out as quickly as possible. We didn't really do any resource benchmarking, but it would be nice to do that. We have obviously stress tested the pipeline quite a lot on small, large, medium data sets and it does work. So it'd be nice to refine this a little bit more. We're also working with Anton and Dimitri from the St. Petersburg State University who are the main authors of SPADES. And so they're now on our Slack and helping out and stuff. And they've written a new Corona SPADES assembler which is specific to the outbreak. And the reason is because they were finding that the assemblies coming out of SPADES were broken a lot of the time or generate too many Contigs and they wanted to refine it within the context of Corona SPADES. So recently I think Anton and Sarai managed to get a single continuous Contig from an assembly which is really, really cool for the virus. So yeah, we'll work on that and adding that into the pipeline. Also some talk with Artem from the Saratis Project who are trying to scan, mass scan the entire, I think believe the SRA database to look for unknown coronaviruses and known coronaviruses. And they're interested in using the assembly steps in the pipeline to do this. And so hopefully we'll do some work on that in the future. And yes, thank you all for listening. I'd like to thank the NFCOR community for coming together. This is really a good example of where a lot of people that just put their hands up and got involved in the pipeline because they decided it would be important to do this. The next flow community, as always, Paolo, Evan and everyone else there. The Cric COVID-19 Consortium, Cog UK, Cric ASF, so Jerome and Robert who really sort of helped Delve and look at the data for us to get this second release out and add all of these lovely plots to the pipeline. And my group as well, who are just amazing and we're managing to get through this together, Richard especially who helped with the plots and Angus who's working with me now on uploading all of this data to Cog UK. And last but not least, Gisela and Rike who have done an amazing job with this, the organization of this hackathon. And yeah, I'd just like to say thank you to them. As I said, but no. Thank you. And thank you very much, Arshil, for the explanation of this pipeline and also for your great job in leading this collaborative effort to develop the pipeline. It was certainly crucial for bringing it to a release, to a first release in within just two months. We do have quite some questions by the audience. So some more technical questions from Tan Levyet. What city value cutoff did you use for including the source of two samples for sequencing? Good question. So Jerome has actually done a lot of this work. It's amazing what you can do with Excel. I don't have the patience, but he clearly does. So the pipeline generates lots of different metrics. Like I showed you in that multi QC report, you get those metrics in the report, but there's also a flap file where you can import this data in. And so he generated loads of plots that correlate CT with mapping, with variants called and so on. And I think he's having discussions with UCL and others to an Imperial possibly to figure out what cutoff to use. But off the top of my head, I would say 30, I think, 30. I think 30, between 20 and 30 anyway. Anything that has a higher CT value, it's pointless sequencing because it's just too poor quality. And so it's a waste of money and time. Okay, perfect. Thanks a lot. And if you'd like to know the exact value, I'm sure. Yeah, we can talk about it in the pipeline. Yeah. Another question by Paul. Can the viral recon pipeline be used for discovering novel virus genomes? Yes, absolutely. So the variant calling branch of the pipeline requires a genome input. And so you need to know what virus you're looking at beforehand. However, the assembly steps can be used for that. At the moment, they're more geared towards looking, refining the assemblies for just the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but the assembly can generate as many viral context as you want, essentially. So the context that the assemblers generate can have other viruses in it. We just decide to focus the downstream steps on SARS-CoV-2. But there are ways that you can maybe use the context that come out of the assemblers and try and look for other viruses or novel viruses, for example. I might just jump in and say, we have a couple of other pipelines as well. It depends a lot on the input data that you have, which pipeline is most suitable. But we also have Bacass, which is specifically for assembling bacterial genomes. And we also have MAG, which is for metagenomics when you don't know what's in your sample, which does assembly and binning on chemists. I haven't read the paper you linked to. I wonder if MAG might be the most similar approach just looking at figure one schematic. Okay, another question from the audience. So are there any plans for incorporating oxford nanopore sequencing into viral recon? So, yes, we had discussions about having a nanopore pipeline to do pretty much the same thing, right at the beginning as well. But, yeah, they sort of fizzled out and we decided to focus our effort on the Illumina stuff because obviously Sarai and Sara had developed this pipeline and they're ready to go. It would be nice to add nanopore pipeline. In fact, we've got an NFCore Arctic repository, which is one of the pipelines that I said we created in haste, which hasn't been worked on for a while now. And that was actually created exactly to work with nanopore data as well. But apparently there were a lot of things changing at the time and so we didn't do anything with that. But yes, it would be nice to add that. I think it would probably have to be in a separate pipeline though. Maybe it's an extension to nano-seq possibly. Yeah, if anyone wants to help with that, that'd be amazing. Yeah, we have at least another pipeline that can also incorporate arcs for nanopore technologies. But now I couldn't say if it was nanoseq or back-ass. It might be back-ass as well actually because I think Alex added nanopore support to that possibly. Yes, it can work with nanopore data. Yeah, the varying calling and all of that type of stuff is a bit more customized, which may require a separate pipeline or be added in a different context maybe. Perfect, thank you very much. So I think also Phil had an additional question. So how come that there were only 1,000 samples submitting to the COG-UK strategy but 36,000 samples were sequenced? Ah, sorry, those figures may have been confusing. So the CRIK has done over 50,000 PCR tests for healthcare workers from UCLH. A thousand of those had tested positive. And so those are the ones that we would then now follow up and sequence, providing their CT values are good. The 36,000 are the total for COG-UK. So that's a separate thing. COG-UK have their own initiative to sequence the virus and that's coming from various universities and the public health agencies in England that's coming together to do this. And so they've been told the sequence 36,000 but I'm pretty sure it's more than that. I thought I might quickly jump in and have a quick mention of multi-QC just because it's my pet project. And Harshall has done loads of work on multi-QC as he showed for this pipeline. And it's been, I really like working together with other people who are using multi-QC for a very specific reason because it comes up with all these weird edge cases and real life use scenarios which I never anticipated. And this was a great example of that. Harshall said how we did it in the end by running multi-QC twice, which works and makes good use of the fact that multi-QC can kind of give a standardized output for any different tool with the same kind of YAML or JSON. But I still don't love that. And I'm hoping we can come up with a better solution in the future. The most custom way to do crazy stuff like this is you can write a multi-QC plugin when you can run any custom arbitrary Python code within multi-QC, which would work brilliantly here. But the downside is that everyone would then need to install that plugin as part of the pipeline and make it slightly less portable and stuff. And so off the back of this, I've been thinking about new features from multi-QC. So in the future, I'm hoping to refact a multi-QC so that you can use it within a Python script and mess around with its execution in real time without having any custom plugin code. So yeah, stay tuned for that. But yeah, it's been really fun working on multi-QC and helping people with multi-QC. I was just really impressed with the way that it works. It just works. And yeah, I mean, thank you for adding all of those little things that I needed to get this report together at the time. It's just, yeah, it's all come together really nicely, I think. Happy to help where I can.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE, covering Knowledge 16, brought to you by ServiceNow. Here are your hosts, Dave Vellante and Jeff Frick. Welcome back to Knowledge 16 everybody. This is theCUBE. This is day two for theCUBE at Knowledge. Our fourth year here, theCUBE goes out to the events. We extract the signal from the noise. We find the people that really know what they're talking about. April Carter is a practitioner. She's a senior IT operations manager at cars.com. You want a car, go check out cars.com. April, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Thank you. So take us inside. Well, first of all, talk about cars.com. I mean, very competitive industry you're in, right? It's very competitive, lots of merging markets. You're transforming things, you're disrupting and you're banging heads with, everybody else is trying to do that, but what's happening in the business? What are the real pressures that they're putting on IT? Coming up with those new services really and really delivering quickly. So we're very much at angel shops and we're doing continuous integration and continuous delivery is the big things for us right now. The need for speed. All right, so take us inside the world of IT service management, your world. What's it like? So basically our transformation was you think of us as the dot com so you think that we're ahead of the game, but when I got to cars, they were very paper and spreadsheet driven. Email is still even still very key to what we do. You're rolling your eyes when you say that. We can relate. It annoys me. So, you know, ServiceNow has really helped us to really start that process and really rethink the services we deliver to our employees. So everybody thinks of that external face to cars.com and that's what we focus on so much and we forget that internal face. So making things easier for our employees. Okay, so maybe start with the journey of ServiceNow. You brought ServiceNow into the organization. Yep, three years ago. You had had experience in prior lives? Not with ServiceNow, but with other ITSM vendors and they have always been very painful. So when we did our bake off on what product that we were going to use, you know, when they came in, they weren't, we weren't really considering them a contender. How long ago was this? Sorry, I didn't know. Three years. But when they came in and they did their demo, they, you know, we were in the system and we were like, this is a little too good to be true. And then they say, we could be implemented in three months, we're like. Yeah, right. Right, that never happens. But it all came to fruition and we were implemented with, you know, incident problem change, the basics, you know, knowledge, an employee self-service portal with probably 30 or so orderable IT items. And it was a big deal for us and a huge success. And how long did it take? Three months. Three months. Then you got a cake. We did get a cake. Everybody gets a cake. Everybody gets a cake. They don't miss that. You must have that in ServiceNow. So they don't miss that request. That's the last process. Okay, so what was, so the cars before was really paper-based, spreadsheet-based, email-based. What was the business impact? The business impact is really trying to drive our business partners in HR and even in the development space to really try to rethink the way they interact internally. So HR, we implemented an onboarding automation. So we went from multiple forms that we had to fill out as hiring managers down to one. So that was a big deal for us. Plus we were manually creating user accounts. We were manually provisioning hardware and access. We went through the entire process, about six months after we implemented ServiceNow to really try to grab ahold of that process and make it easier. Because we were delivering our new employees, all of their things on time that first day because that's our goal. But it was extremely painful for the service desk and those folks that do that provisioning. So we wanted to make it easier for them. And we were able to. Okay, so you brought in HR as well? Recruiting, but yeah. The HR piece is a little bit more difficult. So we left that piece out. So when you said onboarding, you meant onboarding? So from a recruiting, so as a hiring manager, you basically submit the form to hire somebody and then all the way through to provisioning all their access. And that integrates or interfaces in some way, shape or form with your HR system? It doesn't today. It integrates with the recruiting system. Right, okay, which is separate from the HR system. Okay, and how does that integration occur? So basically what we did was we stood up a form within our catalog. So as a hiring manager, I can fill out all the information I need from the position that I'm filling through their salary requirements and all that kind of stuff. Plus all of their access to the need, once that person is hired, all of that's in that form. I can also save that form as I need it in the future because I'm never gonna remember what each person needs. So I can save that form as well. But then what ServiceNow does is sends all that data over to Silk Road and actually implements all that data for the recruiter so they don't have to manually enter it. Because they were manually entering it before. How do you find stuff in this giant content repository? Is this great search? It's just, we have great search capabilities. Yeah. Yeah, so that's simple. Yeah. Because I can never find anything in my laptop. I'm very organized. So it's one of those things that the CMS that we have, the portal that we have implemented now. The design when we were implementing, because it was three months, we didn't really, we were thinking about everything. It was a very broad scope when we were implementing. So we didn't really think too heavily on the design of the portal and I think that the organization of the portal is what probably annoys me the most at this point because people have to navigate through so much. So with the news, I'm very excited about the new CMS that they're pulling in Helsinki, which will actually help us to actual redesign that portal and get it so it's not so deep. So as you say, it was very hierarchical before. Yes. And so now you're able to develop with Helsinki a flatter structure. Exactly. And it's much more easy to manage because right now it's kind of hard to manage, especially if you don't have the technical skill set to do so because it's not easy. It's more like nested folders versus labels. Exactly. Love labels. So talk some more about the kinds of things that you want to do with the platform. So there's a couple of things where we really want to push HR. So HR is very paper based. They love their paper actually. So we implemented a product and they love it. Exactly. Fred was talking about the mail room with all the paper, the green paper, the blue paper. I love paper too. We even implemented a HR status change form that is a very, very large process. So any time you want to change an employee's status, whether it's giving them a raise or changing their location that they're based, we fill out this paper form. So we automated that and put it into service now. It goes through approval processes. So it's even auditable now or at least much easier to audit it. And at the end of the design process with the HR folks, they're like, well, as long as I can print it out at the end, I'll be fine. That's not really the point. Upload it to every note. The other really thing that we're really excited about is actually so with the continuous delivery, continuous integration that we're doing on the development side is we're opening up a lot of APIs that our developers can use to automate a lot of their processes. So we want to automate our release cycles. Right now, everything's somewhat manual when we're doing release. There's still people at the keyboard. It's not wholly manual, but we want to get to that point where they just click on something in JIRA and it initiates the Jenkins. Jenkins creates changes. And it automates it all for them, but it's still completely auditable from our perspective. If you had to create a benefits pie and you had to allocate a portion of the value, let's say, that's received by sort of IT versus outside of IT, what would that pie look like? I would say the biggest benefit is that employees. So my goal is to make the employees' lives easier. I mean, and that's the way I evangelize the product. It's really, what can I do to make your life easier? What can I do to take some process? It's very heavy and make it lighter for you. That's the biggest benefit. The other thing is the ease of development on the tool. So we don't want to go out and buy something every time a developer decides he wants to do something else. So the ease of development, so we can build small apps. We have a library app, so they can check out Kindle books. They can check out Kindle, even logins within the tool. They're just little apps. We're not going to go somewhere to buy that, but we need to be able to do that. So we can do that easily within the tool. And it's funny, in making the employees' job easier, there's this nice second-order effect where your phone doesn't ring. Exactly! That's my whole goal. Or I get less email. Don't tell them that little secret. We're just doing it for you. April, can you talk about building these lightweight apps? Describe the skill set of the people who are building these apps. Are they hard-core developers? Are they low-code developers, both? I think it's a mix of both. So we have some hard-core developers that JavaScript pretty much 24-7. And then we have the admins who I code within the tool myself, but I'm definitely not a developer. But it makes it easy enough for me to be able to do those little snippets of code that I need to make a form easier for somebody, to make it prettier, to make it behave the way it does. So you've never been a developer. You've never written code. No, but I still do it in service now. Never worked in a computer science major? No. OK, but so you said no. I'm not a biology major, really. OK, so you're smart, but so I want to get to that a little bit. So you are able to build apps or at least improve apps? Absolutely. And I think there's multiple ways to do it. Obviously, research, the internet can tell me how to do a lot of stuff. The community has been very helpful. There's also Share, where you can find little apps that will help you along your way as well. So they make it very easy to actually build out your core product. Did you have to go through training to get to that point, or was it just sort of autodidactic? Actually, knowledge has been most of my training. We didn't training at the beginning when we implemented. But I haven't taken a lick of training since. And you mentioned JIRA. These stories make me think of JIRA. It sounds like we're using kind of best practice in the hard core software development part of the house, and now bringing that over into the less hard core software development side of the house, but still very similar types of techniques and processes. Absolutely, yep. That's great. So bumper sticker on Knowledge 16 for you. When the trucks are pulling away from the Mandalay Bay, from April Carter's standpoint, what's it going to say? So the one thing, there's a couple of things, I guess. I always find vendors at the show. So I found we're implementing MOOCsoft right now. It's an event management tool. And we're literally going through the process as we're here at the conference. But it's an event management tool that I can tie into service now. I can manage my critical incidents through being the OC, critical incidents, or my bread and butter. I have to make sure that those go off well, and that we reduce that time. And I always find products here that I'm like, oh, I want to look into that. We found one downstairs just yesterday that is going to help us hopefully manage our mobile communications. So all the cell phones and tablets and everything that we have in our org is. And then dealing with the external vendors like Verizon and AT&T have been fun. Very painful. Maybe not quite fun. Yeah, so I always find something good here, and I learn a lot of new things. So it's always been very helpful. And how many years have you been coming? This will be my fourth. Your fourth, all right. Same as us. Ours, too. April, awesome having you. Thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. Thank you very much. You know, theCUBE newbie did a great job. I'm a newbie. Awesome.  Now you're an alum. Excellent. All right, thank you. Thank you. OK, keep right here. Everybody will be back with our next guest is the CUBE. We're live from Knowledge 16 in Las Vegas. Right back.


let alone a medical business and a retail business. So many of us in the eye care industry are not capitalizing on the opportunity of our opticals because we're not using the data to do so. Brian in Arizona, I'm using a new system that pulls data from an EHR and we get a lot of analytics from it but honestly I don't know what to do with all the data. What's this thing? Oh, so we don't say that it gotcha. Yeah, this is a really common issue, right? We're trained how to dial in the most amazing prescriptions, how to craft the best lenses for them, and how that correction will best fit our patient's lifestyle. But we're not taught how to run a business, let alone a medical business and a retail business. So many of us in the eye care industry are not capitalizing on the opportunity of our opticals because we're not using the data to do so. So technology now, like with this program, allows for certain services to pull the data for us. Great, but now what? This is a common problem. I'm a huge believer in the power of analytics to grow your practice, but if you don't know what to do with the data, then it's of no value to you. On anything in life, that which is tracked will grow. On a foundational level, things that you want to be tracking in your office are your capture rate, right? The ratio of the exams to the eyewear purchases, your dollar value per patient, your premium lens qualifiers like your anti-reflective percentages, your new patient and established patient quantities. You want to make sure that you have new patients coming in every year, right, that your that your marketing is working. Then you need to share the data points with your team so that you can improve on it, right? Once you have a kind of a guideline of where you're at, you need to have the team involved so it can be tackled and built upon. We have proven simplified methods of success that we teach in depth in Spexy University for these things, but it's something that you can't just track it from a management level and not share it with everybody else. There's no point in doing that. It is a common problem to not know what to do with the data. This is where most eye care professionals in the industry who could afford it would turn to consultants, but that left the vast majority of those who actually needed it in the dust without any help. And that's why we created Spexy, right, to give access and help to those who actually need it.


Yeah, seems good Back to Spoonsville No, you should do it. It's better. Yeah, is it better? Well, why don't you just try it and then I'll try it and we'll choose which one Okay, she's just gotta have it. She's gotta have it. Spike Lee. We love you. Yes. Welcome back to Spoonsville and we were reviewing Marry Me. Yeah, Owen Wilson, Jennifer Lopez Ah, that's great.  Owen Wilson's friend also works at the school convinces him to go to J. Lo's concert Just maybe help, you know, find something in common with your daughter reconnect that thing She'll appreciate it. And then when they go to the concert J. Lo, they had this whole thing planned where Jennifer Lopez and her Partner at the time they were going to propose on stage. He's also a performer But then right before she goes on. Oh, it's gotta be tough He's she sees a video from her manager of her partner cheating on her with her assistant. So instead of going along with that She decides to pick someone randomly out of the out of the crowd Owen Wilson happened to be holding a marry me sign that I think was handed to him by his friend So she chose him and they just both went with it And the movie follows how how do you get two people that? Um, to kind of avoid a bad media PR thing What if they just what if yeah, that's the hypothetical What if they just went with it and decided to actually be married and and then you know And these two people with such different lives. How do they gonna make that work? Yeah, so the movie is basically about them trying to make that work And avoiding the media frenzy of her looking like she's a crazy person And of course they end up falling in love. Yeah, and It's a great movie. Yeah Yeah, we loved it. It's fine. It was great. So initial reactions for marry me Yeah, yeah, yeah I liked it I liked it too. I'm laughing because I'm I would say I'm probably a little bit snobby. Yeah, I don't like saying that I have I I would say I have seen a lot of movies. Yeah, which means that when you've experienced something a lot You just yet yet it refined or you know, you you have things you're looking for in a movie to surprise you or Impress you we always talk about how we want Rom-coms that don't insult your intelligence and or movies in general movies in general But also rom-coms because a lot of the times with rom-coms. It's all about love and yeah It's the good feelings that can be done cheaply. Exactly. And they do do it cheaply We complain we complain about that too. How rom-coms aren't they just they're so condescending You know and like, okay. Yeah, I know I'm what I'm here for the fluff, right? That's why I'm watching a rom-com, but I also want you to put some substance in my fluff sandwich Exactly, you know, um Yeah, so this wasn't exactly I don't know. It wasn't exactly the most I don't know intellectually packed rom-com But it was fine. It was perfect. I didn't care. Yeah, and those are well, I'm trying to think I'm trying to think of ones that are like that maybe when harry met sally Anything say anything to a degree. Yeah, say anything too because it was very much. Um It didn't it wasn't a typical What high school movie, right? Yeah, and I love that. But I'd say this isn't your typical Kind of flashy getting with a pop star kind of movie But most a lot of the movies focusing just on how award shows and social media are Are are Contorted so that they don't really mean anything or they that people put too much value on things that are really real So there's like certain scenes where they're walking back They're walking their dog tank and he just stops moving and they have to stay there on the street And there is a lot of uh Yeah, just a lot of charming dialogue that they had with each other. It makes you want to you know That subconsciously bring out your own wilson impression, but he just delivers lines and said a great such a great way. Yeah I don't want to exactly say bananas Owen wilson was perfect for the role and of course jaylo was perfect for the world because she is also a singer And um, I actually I I can't recall a lot of movies that I've seen her in but I just don't know I have this Um, I just like her for whatever reason. I I don't know. She's just one of those celebrities that you know about You even if you're not really interested or follow her follow her You know her life. Yeah, but she just makes me feel good. Yeah So Yeah, and this movie made me feel that way and then at the end I think you felt that maybe it got a bit sappy or something at the end, but it was it was I didn't say that. I thought you were like, oh, that's unnecessary or you didn't mean No, I what I what was unnecessary was, uh, the daughter losing the math math. I felt like they could have just given it to her Come on. Why not? It's okay.  Things don't always end up the way But you still she still did like showed that she was able to solve a very hard math problem for her age Or any age and then you learned how to deal with things in her own way by dancing Yeah, like it it was I I actually thought it was I liked it better that way because then it wasn't everything working out It it's also a good lesson. Okay. That's fair when it really Knocks it out of the park. It is nice to have those. That's actually probably one of the most I don't know typical things this movie did was at the end Everybody was happy. Basically everyone in the movie had found someone else and that was great I like that. Yeah, I I like that too. I like how it was some people that were the actors other people There were just random people. I don't know relatives of people worked on the movie, but it was sweet. Yeah, so At the end of the movie, right? Yeah during the credits. They have random people coming in. I wonder if they're real I just love that. I love that so much So yeah, overall, I just really don't have No, I'm very happy about it. I enjoyed it at first I was thinking oh, is this only going to be kind of like a smirk kind of chuckly kind of humor But there were parts that found was really funny.  I think she's in her 50s at this point She wants probably her fans to say looks great And and wants her fans to know, you know, a lot of this is just superficial It's not real a lot of this you don't really know me, but I always I always like movies that try and Yeah, you know, honestly the movie isn't one of those movies where I I'm gonna say oh god profound But it was incredibly realistic. There's so much more realistic than I thought It was I felt that the characters were exactly how uh, well not exactly because people are different but Um, there wasn't anything that I thought. Oh, okay. Well that person wouldn't do that or that doesn't make any sense Yeah, pretty much everything did make sense Yeah, because a lot of the things for example, um, J. Lo's character, right? She's a celebrity and she is Going through she's dated a lot of guys and she always gets hurt And you know, one person might say well, that's not realistic.  Sorry, but you know what I mean Or do you know? Oh, yeah bad guys. Why would she keep dating bad guys? Uh, one would think or someone might question my perspective of The validity of how of J. Lo's character. I think it was completely valid, right? She's dating a lot of guys celebrities and she keeps and they keep hurting her but That is actually very normal, right? A lot of people there are a lot of guys and you know, women who've dated people that weren't right for them and And they keep doing repeating the same thing and on top of that never reflect never look inward Look inward, right? What are you doing? Why do you keep going back to the same person, right? And until you deal with that stuff, you're going to keep going dating the same person, right? And I think that was realistic. Yeah, I don't necessarily agree with some with what they did Where I'm just going to go and yeah date someone I would come out never date ever in life. Yeah, however People do that too. There are human beings who do that. My philosophy isn't let me try something different in that way I would rather try date someone who I I feel compatible with not just some random guy and if things aren't working out. I'm like, okay. What am I doing? What am I doing? Why do I keep attracting the same kind of thing? There comes a point in your life Where you realize I keep doing the same thing. I keep attracting the same kind of people At some point you have to agree you have to Settle with the reality that it is you and again, I think Back to the characters. I felt that oh and wilson's character was perfect. Yeah, the things how he was People are he sleeps at what eight nine? I sleep and I get I go to bed at eight and I read before until I I sleep. There are human beings who do that. Yeah. Yeah Oh, yeah, I like the line Yeah, is it weird? I like that he kills the hair piece. Yeah, that was great. Oh, yeah, that's what that's a no There's just a lot of charm to it. Oh, this has always got charm. Yeah, she's got charm. Yeah, a lot of charm I like the game of thrones sam. Sam. Well, I think is his name in game of thrones. I'm glad he's doing stuff I liked him. Yeah, there were a lot of tangible Um Truths I would say in the movie that and I like that it was they did that without trying to be Um, some incredible work of art that is just going to stand the test of time in terms of rom-coms Right, they were they did it all very subtly And it was just great. It was these little things that they threw in It's one of those movies that at the end everyone just starts to become friends. It seems that it's nice I like it sometimes when you just it's nice to have a movie like that. Yeah Great production values great music. Yeah, the music was actually very good. Very update beat. Yeah, we were both kind of Yeah, I really have very little to complain about the only before I forget Okay, but before you forget before I forget who should not forget first She was saying while they were walking the dog that she's like fashion gave me this and it represents or means to me Don't ever let them knock you down like like keep fighting for yourself Don't let them get to you And she just says, you know, and I like the part where she says not everyone's all bad You know, it's otherwise it's complicated. The world would be easier if you could just say but that I like that That's an example. Yeah, that's what I was saying the movies like that where yeah, I mean basically fashion Is meant to be probably the scumiest of the whole movie. But then I like that Yeah, but even people that will Will will do something like that that will cheat or whatever They'll still be parts of them because he's probably also faced the same struggle where people weren't taken seriously We're on his career and he's we understand that same struggle. So Even though at the end of the day he needs to work out some stuff on his own But yeah, you can't no one's holy good or holy bad. Yeah, I like that stuff. It was also a good kind of A bit of a prince in the popper kind of thing But you know where they challenge each other to try and Adapt a little bit to the other person's lifestyle that always adds for good comedy and good Perspective, but it's just yeah Yeah, it had a little of everything and it was just a nice rom-com. You know what I liked about it too Unlike some other movies we tried to finish recently Um There was it was not mean-spirited really the mean-spirited stuff only came from the people that were meant to be Say at the math competition You've got the the guy that's the other coach and then the kids are being mean to One wilson's daughter, but it's meant to be that way But everything else the humor for the most part is meant to be sweet or like from a good place But other movies you'll start them off and you're like this is I get that they're trying to be funny Or this is supposed to be a joke, but everyone's just being assholes to each other. Yeah, I don't like that stuff Yeah, I don't like that. This was a nice movie. Yeah, I do feel uh that other movies overdo stuff Yeah And I don't know I think they probably do that because they want you they want to Set a certain tone with a certain character For the viewer to quickly catch on that. That's the bad guy and that's the good guy But I don't think it's necessary. We knew that uh, Sebastian or bastion was a bad guy without him without them demonizing him and that was fine again, everything was so subtle but also very clear and Everything came together really nicely honestly Just as a as a rom-com I would give it At least like a nine out of ten. Yeah, I would I would not only would I watch it again I would recommend it to people overall. I just really enjoyed myself. Yeah, I really did I really enjoyed it. Um, I already went into the movie Kind of feeling like it wasn't it was going to be one of those typical rom-coms And so I was already I had my guard up the first The first note I made was uh, not very real not realistic and Dad is emotionally inept because why don't parents just say what they mean kids aren't dumb So that was the tone going in for me the more you go down the notes. It gets it gets better Guy nice but divorced what he do Which this is what we also do too, right when we're after watching a movie. It's never the production Of course, we said that here. We're reviewing. Okay, but we'll talk about the characters. That person was so annoying Why don't they do that and then we talk about yeah, but life people do that in general, right? But also I'm very much that person that I love the the whole was it, you know If you keep trying to put a circle into a square peg You're always going to feel like a failure. You're always going to feel like it's not working out And that's how I look at movies is if you're trying to fit a feel-good movie into a Movie that's you know about Figuring out the human soul. Yeah, it's not going to fit properly. It's not going to do what it's but it's not what it's meant to do Yeah, put it in the feel-good hole.  I forget her name if you bet she's in school of rock Maybe the most unrealistic in terms of but it's because she's she's a comedian. So they're like, just be funny Just do what you do, but it was good. And yeah, yeah I guess I would I would have to agree to although it wasn't as bad. Honestly. It wasn't as bad as other Some some movies you just Yeah, I don't it just makes you off everybody in the movie.  I don't know. I don't have any more notes. Let me see I just I really liked it. Yeah, I really liked it. I feel great. It makes me feel really good Yeah, it just feels really good I we and it it just finishes you off You feel good throughout the movie and then they throw in the people that we assume Or the couples that we assume are real some really sweet marriage stories or couple stories. Yeah Yeah, if you're in love, this is a great movie You're gonna fall apart if you're not in love and you just got broken up with you might hate the movie Or it might give you hope because it also had where they have a discussion where she says oh, but you know 50 or 48 percent of marriages and divorce, but she's like I have a 52 work And he's like, oh an optimist and she's like, well, just keep even if it's one in a billion There's still isn't it worth still so it's quite an optimistic. Yeah, I love the people at the end. It was so sweet Yeah, the old the old couple that they were in the same hospital being birds. They started out in diapers and now they're in diapers 81 years later. Yeah So That's about it. That's it Check it out. Honestly nine out of ten ripe tomatoes. Yeah ripe tomatoes nine ripe tomatoes. Yeah, honestly. Yeah, check it out Yeah, watch it. Please Please don't wait till next valentine's to watch it. Watch it. Yeah, watch it now. It's valentine's week Yes, it's valentine's week. It should have a week. You get march break as a week valentine doesn't have a week Doesn't have a week only one day a year for love. Oh One day a year for love. That's it. Yeah, that's it. So you're gonna make a count Watch it anytime you want. It's great. All right. All right. Thanks folks Sweet


With alpha particles, Rutherford has something to fire at atoms to see if they were indeed like a positive pudding with embedded electrons. Here's a graphic of the apparatus used to run the experiment. An alpha particle emitting substance is placed behind a lead screen with a single small hole in it to enable a narrow beam of particles to flow through. This beam is directed at a very thin gold foil. A movable zinc sulfide screen is placed on the other side of the foil. Zinc sulfide flashes when hit by an alpha particle. A microscope swivels to view all scattering angles. If the Thompson model was correct, the positively charged alpha particles would pass through the distributed and therefore diluted positive charge in the gold atoms with little or no deflections. But after days of observation, here's what they found. While most of the alpha particles do go right through with only minor deflections, some were scattered through very large angles. A few were even scattered in the backward direction. Rutherford described this as almost as incredible as if you fired a 15 inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back at you. To explain these results, Rutherford was forced to picture an atom as being composed of a tiny nucleus with a positive charge and nearly all of its mass are concentrated, with electrons some distance away. Note that the closer the alpha particle is to the nucleus, the greater the angle of the deflection. We can use this angle to measure the maximum possible size of the nucleus. Here we have an alpha particle trajectory with an impact parameter B that scatters at the angle theta and reaches a closest distance labeled D. The number of protons in the alpha particle is 2 and the number of protons in gold is 79. The energy of the naturally occurring alpha particles used by Rutherford were 7.7 million electron volts. An electron volt is the energy it takes to move one electron across one volt. If we considered the direct hit trajectory, the initial kinetic energy of the alpha particle will drop to zero when it reaches its closest possible distance to the nucleus. All its kinetic energy would have been converted to electric field potential energy. Conservation of energy tells us that these two numbers must be equal. Rutherford's calculations show that the radius of a gold atom nucleus cannot be any larger than .0003 nanometers. That was 10,000 times smaller than the size of a gold atom. Here's a picture of the test apparatus Hans Geiger of Geiger counter fame and Ernst Marsden built to look for scattered alpha particles from every angle. This was the first experiment that fired a beam of particles at a target to detect the scattering effects and deduce what is going on. That was around 100 years ago. This is exactly what we are doing today at the European Center for Nuclear Research, CERN, analyzing the Higgs boson. We'll return for a deeper look at Rutherford's scattering when we get to particle accelerators.


Um, but you seem, do you say there is no social pie, like there's no pre-existing pie. There is only the pie that we create. And I'm running away with this pie thing, but that's just not true. I was gifted some percentage of this pie through the arbitrary luck of being born into a middle class family. It's true that you're going to benefit from the fact that your parents created a pie. And their parents, they might have benefited or might not have benefited. I don't know what their situation is from their parents having created a pie. So you're going to benefit from intergenerational pie baking, right? Um, right? It's still somebody baked a pie. It's still not our pie. It's your parents pie. And they choose to give you a piece of it. And these new people, these people, these young people have to start from scratch. And they're in some sense at a disadvantage. How do you create a system that provides them with maximum opportunities to bake a pie? Their own pie. And I think freedom is the way to do that.