Game of Thrones season two, episode two, The Nightlands. Let's go, Eddard. Let's go. Let's go. So there's so much going on. It's hard to talk about.  I just got organized with my notes. Yeah, we took a little time out. Everybody took about 15 just to get them organized. What schedule did you see? Did you see one on there? I wasn't looking. Dang, I didn't see one. What's the spider? Probably whoever is Varys. Pipe. That's new. That's where Theon's from. So look, southwest of Winterfell, maybe? I wonder how long it's going to take them to get there because they don't have to go convince his dad to join. Good luck. I didn't really catch on early in the episode that like how the timeline was working. Yeah, it was over this course of like months. I don't know if I ever mentioned that, like, I know that. That means Arya has been missing for quite some time. I'm surprised they still are hanging on to the fact she's alive. Starting to get to the point where I have anxiety going into these. Yeah, for sure. I don't know who's about to get slotted up by Joffrey. Let's go. That's a chill spot in the woods, though. Yeah, it is. Boy. What do you want? A man does not drink for a day and a night. A boy could make a friend. I have friends. Give us beer for our skin. OK. Beer. They still have no courtesy. A man must ask forgiveness. You're called Ary. This man has the honor to be Jerkin Raka, once of the Free City of Lorath.  Yeah, that's beer. Out the dirt on him. How are you going to find beer? Oh, look at that person.  Boy has more courage than sense. Yoren said none of us were to go near those three. Harry! They didn't scare me.  Scare me. She didn't even have to walk up there. She just don't walk up there next time. Right. I would throw some dirt on them. Oh, no, oh, no. They think they're looking for her. You're in command, man. You're a long way from home. I asked you a question. You asked without manners. And I chose not to answer. I am a royal warrant. One of these gutter rats you're transporting. Uh-oh. Well, the thing is, these gutter rats belong to the Night's Watch. That puts them beyond the reach of kings and queens. That's what I was thinking last episode. Quick. People worry so much about their throats that they forget about what's down low. I sharpened this blade before breakfast. I could shave a spider's arse if I wanted to. Oh. Nick this artery in your leg. Oh, ouch. No one around here knows how to untick it. Well said, bro. We'll just keep that. Dang, took his gat from him. Good steel is always needed on the wall. Oh, and I think you have a choice. You can die here at this crossroads a long way from home. Or you can go back to your city and tell your masters you didn't find what you were looking for. Yeah, we need more of that energy. But he seems like he knows something. He's sticking up hard for, oh, because are you? That's why. Carries a bull's head helmet. Oh, they're not even looking for her. They're looking for him. We'll earn the king's reward. We'll be back with more men.  Bro, you should have killed him. It had some horse stewing.  I like that, though. You go, Yoren. Does that see me on in there? I thought there was some ghosts in the house, y'all. Not really. People are so literal, though, really that I thought that. That ain't good. We were just speaking of your bravery in the victory against the Stark auxiliary forces. It was quite a battle. Sure was real.  He knows everything. And I tell him the story of how we meet. I find so lovely a creature. It almost beckons belief. Change things do happen. You should taste her fish pie. I don't think Lot Raries likes fish pie. I can always tell. Men, my Lord Varys, and I can't let our disadvantages get the best of us. Don't make a fisherman of him, yeah? I am glad your new friend was able to accompany you to the capital. Blackmail. I'm fortunate that your father didn't want her to come. He knows everything. He's mocking me. He knows everything. Keeping secrets for my good friends. Your discretion is a legendary. AKA, do me a favor. How unspeakable of me to go on and on. I will leave you. Welcome to King's Landing, my dear. The city is made right by your presence. We have a council meeting, my Lord. I don't like threats. I'm not Ned Stark. I understand the way this game has played. Ned Stark was a man of honor. And I am not threatened me again. And I'll have you thrown into the sea. Oh, OK, Tyrion. You might be disappointed in the results. OK. The storms come and go. The big fish eat the little fish. And I keep on paddling. Come, my Lord. Oh. We shouldn't keep the queen waiting. He's basically saying people come and go, but I'm going to be right here. Yeah, absolutely. Your little family's out. I'm all about business, boys. Oh. He has more spirit than his father. I'll give him that. You've affected the art of tearing up papers. Give him his father's bones back, at least as a gesture of good faith. Get the Starks, our reply, cousin. I will, your grace. Did you see my brother? I did. They have not broken his spirit, your grace. If you speak with him, tell him he's not been forgotten. I will, your grace. Safe travels, cousin. That poor guy. Yeah, even if I'm the cousin, I don't want nothing to do with that family. I would be like, I don't want to go back, please. Even flew in this morning from Castle Black. Trouble with the wildlings. That's why they're called wildlings. Somewhat less wild these days. Seems they've stopped killing each other and started following this king beyond the wall. How many is that now? Five. Five, that's count. Lord Commander asks that we send more men to man the wall. Perhaps he's forgotten we're fighting a war. We have no men to spare. Right. Cold winds are rising and the dead rise with them. Northerners are superstitious people. Where's that hand? We really need them to bring that there.  Apparently you burn him. One trip to the wall and you come back believing in grumpkins and snacks. Jokes on you, Cersei. They're real. Night's watch is the only thing that separates us from what lies beyond the wall. I have every confidence. Brave men of the Night's Watch will protect us all. And she feels like if any threats are able to get south, they'll be so worn out that she's really not worried about it. She doesn't really care about the region or the seven kingdoms just hurt her, right? It seems a bit greedy for one man to have so many wives. Sam, keep your eyes down. Wouldn't you want three, but you're enough for it? We were having a serious discussion. No, you weren't. Nothing like the sight of a woman walking away. I prefer watching them come to rod me. I'm sure that's nice too. We were wrestling together from the time we were six years old. And then we got older. The wrestling changed. I wish I grew up on a farm. He just doesn't really eat, does he? That's two words life. No, ghost. No, shoot, shoot. I can't say I'm about the top of this girl because of that dog. Look, he just protected her. Would he frighten you? You shouldn't touch me. I just wanted to make sure you weren't hurt. You're very brave. He said no, ghost. That's all he did, shoot.  This is gilly. She's one of Craster's daughters. OK. Hello, gilly, what are you doing? Sam said you could help. I'm sorry, Sam knows we're not supposed to pregnant. Oh, God, with his kids? I guess there's going to be a boy. That's why she's concerned. You have to take him with us when we leave. Because where did they go? We don't know. We don't know. It sounds a bit mad. The locomotive, we are sworn to protect. Sam, we can't take him. Please, sir, please. It's just not possible. I'm going to have a baby if it's a boy. It's a boy, what? Don't want to miss now? Tell us. I mean, he goes without saying. Why do you do that? Ask her a question. You were cruel, cruel. Sam, are you in such a hurry to lose a hand? I didn't touch her. No, you just want a stealer. I can't steal her. She's a person, not a goat. What will we do with her? Who's going to deliver her baby? You, I could try. What? I've read about it. It's a bit. I'm sorry, son. We can't help her. That sucks, man. Why is he trying to steal her for real? Like, what are they going to do? What's the logistics on that?  How wild would the knights want to be if it allowed that? You can't even disobey your post. Right. Oh, they'd be hydrated. Yeah, he looks about dead, don't he? They're really emphasizing how dirty that neck is. You see it? Oh, someone deliver something. Who's running out there? The riders aren't there. I know. Just the horse. So what the heck? Water? Blood. Blood. So that horse was in a scrap, huh? That horse was crazy. Oh, they sent that back as like a, oh, no. Dang, the way they was going is dangerous. They're too weak to fight. Oh.  So it was a dothraki? His hair wasn't that long, though.  Who did this? Kalpono, perhaps. They don't like the idea of a woman leading a calisthenic. He will like it far less when I am done with him. Dang, first she needs some water. That horse looks so cool, though. No, no, no, no. The wrath of Osichi. What are you going to do, my friend? I've been trying to cut the horse. Oh, yeah. That's important to burn the body.  Luisa's head will.  It's so weird how they have so much empathy for each other. Like he dies as she's wailing, right?  So it's just so weird to think like. Sandards, I guess. Right. And just because you're not part of our herd, you're just an animal dust. Like that's just a really weird mentality. It's hard to understand it. Yeah, I guess that's where he's so excited to be home, because they had to trade him off because of the war, right? His home was like, it sucks, though. It looks like one bridge to death. That's his welcome home gift? This is a big death for them. I mean, I'm much to get excited about since I left. It's a hard place here in Ireland. Cold and it's wet. I barely touched her. Now you're charged twice as much as every other brothel. And this is what I get, crying. One moment, my friend. I was the epist, so you got to take care of it. Please accept my sincerest apologies. What in the world? Oh, is it the one who just had her baby? Yeah, like took her baby, huh? Is Rose? Did he hurt you? She works for you. Good baby. Oh, it wasn't her baby, obviously. She's just crying over it. Yeah. Sometimes those with the most power have the least grace. Oh, you remind me of another girl. A lovely thing I once acquired, beautiful. Like yourself. She cried often. I asked her why, but we didn't have the kind of rapport that you and I have. Yes, it was quite sad, extremely expensive. And this one wasn't making me any money. Uh-oh. Dang, he seems so sensitive at first, didn't he? I made bad investments.   A very wealthy patron. He offered me a tremendous amount of money to let him transform this. I would not say he succeeded in making her happy, but my losses were definitely mitigated.  I'll see you tomorrow. And you'll be happy. I'm surprised he gave her enough credit to think that she would even understand what he was saying. I know. Believe us, Podrick. I believe we know how to pour our own wine. It's your new squire that found you a proper lad. Myself. I prefer the improper ones. That's a good red, don't you? You know your wine's my lord. Find dinner, my lord. Call me Tyrion, please. I'm sure you're getting used to find dinners now that you're a lord. Maybe I'll hire this cook of yours. Wars have been started for less. I had there was some trouble in little fingers brothel the other night. Nasty business had to be done. Yes, of course. I hadn't realized peace depended on killing babies. Oh, is he turning the pot? Mm-hmm. Especially the queen's orders. I never said they were the queen's orders. Who else would want to murder King Robert's bastards? You've heard the awful rumors about my brother and sister. I don't listen to filth. I suppose people who do believe that filth consider Robert's bastards to be better claimants to the throne than Cersei's children. Joffrey is my king. The rest doesn't interest me. I appreciate your loyalty. When your men slaughtered Ned Stark's men in the throne room, did you give the order? I did, and I would again. The man was a traitor. He just looks like a snake, doesn't he? I know. He had no idea you were already bought. Are you drunk? Not have my honor questioned by an imp? I'm not questioning your honor. I'm denying its existence. I think I'll stand here and take this from you, dwarf. Yes, you will stand here and take it from me, unless you'd like to take it from my friend here. I intend to serve as Hand of the King until my father returns from the wall. And seeing as you betrayed the last Hand of the King, well, I just wouldn't feel safe. My friends are caught, will not allow this. There's a ship leaving for east watch by the sea tonight. I hope you enjoy the world. I found it surprisingly beautiful in a brutal, horribly uncomfortable sort of way. Then he's sitting under the wall. I just straight up. The men are under my command. Don't look like it. I command you to arrest this cutthroat. LeBron James. He's the new commander of the city watch. I have friends at court, powerful friends. That's wild, man. So Tyrion just made his first power move. Yeah. Then he just took someone at the night's watch. He said, you don't need help. Here you go. I mean, in his mind, you murdered a baby, so you got to go to the night's watch, right? Behind Joffrey's back. I wonder how he's going to feel about that. Who cares? Well, his question is ego.  Would you do it without question? If you paid him, you would. Without question? No. I don't ask how much. Oh, my God. Wow. Money talks, boy. Well, he's made that pretty clear. Yeah, he did. He has. That's why he's still hanging out with Tyrion. Absolutely. Because remember, I was like, how did that man get there? Like, he just fought for him one time in other buds? That's why you ask those hypotheticals.  Ask them. They come back and say we yield. Endure's the one they want. I'm not afraid of no battles. You got within a mile of a battle, you'd fill your pants. You'd fill your pants. I saw a man, killed another man, just outside a tavern, stabbed him right in the neck. Two men fighting is in a battle. They had armor on. What was a Dyer's apprentice now about battles anyway? Gendry's an armorer's apprentice. Top high. How Gendryo makes a fight into a battle? When they've got armor on. I didn't tell you that. A knight? How do you know he was a knight? Because he said so. Because he's got armor on. You don't have to be a knight to have armor. How do you know? Because I sold armor. What is the goal, Clips? What was you? No idea.   And I won't get to insult anyone. He really doesn't know, though, right? I don't think so. Because he's just a bad guy who doesn't hear asking questions. No good's ever come. Who asked questions before?  Who asked questions? Hands of the king. Lord Aaron came first a few weeks before he died, and then Lord Stark came a few weeks before he died. Asking me questions is bad luck. Probably be dead soon. What did they ask about? My mum worked in a tavern, died when I was little. And who was your father? Could be one of those gold-husted bastards for all I know. What about you anyway? Thought they were after you. Right, why? Why? Did you kill someone? Or is it just because you're a girl?  Night's watch doesn't take girls. Everyone knows that. You're still a girl? I am not! Oh, he knew immediately. I don't need to take a piss. And she said it's little. No one can know. They won't, not from me. Right, you have a secret, too. You just don't know it. My name's not Ari. It's Arya of House Stark. Yaron is taking me home to Winterfell. Who's your father? The Han, the traitor.      My mother was a lady. Oh, he's freaking out. But all that about c***, I should never have said that. And I've been pissing in front of you and everything. So he feels like he's disrespecting her. But we maladed. That was malady commands. That was all ladylike. Yeah, he's playing too much. Does he think she's joking? Mm-mm. I mean, I don't think so. He looks like a little girl. Isn't he expecting this, like, warm welcome and all, and he's nothing? What's he carrying? Wine from the Arbor. And the air to Pike and the Iron Islands. The only living son of Bailong Greyjoy. He doesn't care. Me? Don't like wine. Woman's drink. I need to get to Pike. Oh, is he about to have to pay him?  Dang. And you have a claim to the Iron Islands or whatever? Right, next to the line. They said, Pishposh with that. I'm heading that way. I can take you there. How does she hear that? She walked up. You've been at Silo, where there are just no women where you came from. Unlike you. Don't know what I'm like. You don't know what you're like. You need someone to teach you. You think I offer free rides to every man in jewelry? Oh, he's like, yes, I feel the respect. My things sent up to the castle. Maybe he's paying people. I know, especially if you're like next in line, bro. They better be like, yes, sir. Give me the reins. I'm a better rider than you. I was about to say, why in the world is freaking why is she driving? In nine years, I still know your way around a ship. Have these hands ever touched a rope? Don't you worry about my hands. He's about to have a salt wife. I'm a father for my father. And we're making King again. And me after him. You make it to stay in a castle tonight, if you're lucky. Then offer for my future King. In order if you tell your grandchildren about this night. I don't imagine it'll be a story fit for children. I mean, that place just doesn't look as grand as some of the other places. It looks so gloomy. It does. Look at that octopus. In nine years, is it? He took a frightened boy. What have they given back?  We shall see. Stark had you longer than I did. Lord Stark is gone. And how do you feel about that? It's done is done. You're sad, bro. We know. Proposal from Rob Stark. Who gave you those clothes? Ned Stark's pleasure to make you his daughter. Dane, talking junk about his clothes. I will change them. I think they look cool. Better than that thing. Yeah. Who is he? The undertaker or something? The rags. Did you pull it from the neck of a corpse you made? So they got that from people they killed their clothes? Maybe. Gold. Oh. Why are they tribbling? Because he's disappointing him. I'll have my son dressed as a hawk. My fears have come true. While Tarks have made you theirs. Well, he lived there. The Stark boy sends you to me like a trained raven. That's what I was thinking, bringing him proposals. Do you heed your counsel? I've lived with him. Bought it his side. He thinks of me as a brother. No. Not here. Not in my hearing. He will not name him brother.  Oh, yeah. That is true. Forgotten your own blood. That is tough. I remember my brothers. But you sent him away, right? Right. I remember when my father was a king. You're going to stand up to him. Stand up to him. He's like halfway standing up to him. That's a long letter. I see. I destroy Rob Stark's enemies for him. And he will make me king of the Iron Islands once again. I will lead the attack myself. Oh, you will. I'm your son. You're only living air. Who else? Told you to wait outside. How did you get past the guards? My dear. Oh, is that his wife? He likes young women, too. So good to see you, brother. Oh, that's your brother, too? And he touched on her like that? And he touched on her like that? Bro, maybe he didn't mean to.  You're the one in Scots. This is Winterfell, boy. Your sister took over command of your elder's brother's ship after your new father killed him. Oh. His dead men never died. He's dead men never died. She's commanded men. She's killed men. She knows who she is. She's great joy. A man gives me a crown. I pay the iron price. I will take my crown. Dang, so he's putting his hat in the race, too. They're some dang pirates. You won't stand a chance against the Lannisters on your own. Who said anything about the Lannisters? He's fighting with the Lannisters. Oh, my gosh. Maybe or maybe they're not fighting. Maybe they're fighting their own fight. Why would I bet on the men with the worst chance? Stannisters proved himself in war twice. Baby brother has never set foot on a battlefield. Neither is the false king, Joffrey. The false king. I love that. This bannerman will rally to his cause. But they use their, um... There's no man in the seven kings more than Stannisbury as worthy of being a king a lot. Right. I am a pirate. I'm an excellent pirate. I don't sail for promises.  A promise that somewhere on the sea somebody's got some gold and you can take it from it. That's a promise that always comes true. As is mine. You're not the young man's solidor. Incorrect me if I'm wrong. Most pirates don't grow old. Only the clever ones. You want to spend your last few years on the sea? Then go with it. They're out there waiting for you. That's easy. What I'm offering you is hard. Come with me and plunder the greater city in Westeros. You'll be the richest man in Lees. I'm the most famous. They'll be singing songs about you as long as men have voices to sing. The Stannis's group right there, right? Right. I want the queen. The queen? I want him. I'll sail with your fleet. All 30 of my ships. And if we don't drown at the bottom of Blackwater Bay... Oh, God. ...who is it about you? We're not attacking King's Landing so that you can f**k the queen. Oh, my God. Hey. You don't know how persuasive I am. I never tried to f**k you. That guy's like, what the world? The one true god is what's between a woman's legs. And better yet, a queen's legs. I don't know, man. Her brother's been off in that. Might be ruined. Don't. I mean, I'm just saying. I promise you the glory. I cannot promise you the queen. Right. That's a tough one. You believe your king can win. He is the one true king. You, Westeros, you're funny people.  I'll sail with you Davos Seaworth. You're the most honest smuggler I ever met. Make me rich. Get me to the gates of King's Landing. And I will. Dang, he made an alliance. So what's that guy's name, Ser Davos? Yeah, Ser Davos. Seaworth, they say. They got so short. I'm a looking out of sale. So this is God, Wilson. He's my God too and yours. But you were too blind to see. Let me teach you how to read. The holy books are much more persuasive than I can be. I wish I had a God. Truly, none of it works. But you always came home. I wasn't praying, but I was. Is that a son? Are you getting a son vibe? Every night that you were at sea, I let a candle and I prayed for you. Dude, I don't know. You want me to have a God? King Stannis is my God.  He gave you a future I could never have imagined. He'll be a knight someday.  It was Stannis. Only Stannis. Stannis has just been good to him. Stannis is my king, but he's only a man. I'll tell him that. He said, don't tell him that as if he's like. I have every right. I am the king's hand. Your serving is the king's hand till father gets here. Listen to me, Queen Regent. You're losing the people. Do you hear me? You think I care? You might find it difficult to rule over millions who want you dead. Half the city was starved when winter comes, the other half will plot to overthrow you.  The queen slaughters babies.  I know. Don't even have the decency to deny it. Oh, so she did it, not Joffrey. Oh, she didn't. No, she's acting kind of surprised, doesn't it seem? I'm getting the vibe that she's trying to cover it up for like, for Joffrey. Maybe. She wouldn't want him to know that. And you who gave it all to her. Oh my gosh. Joffrey didn't even tell you. Grown out of control. He did what needed to be done. You want to be hand of the king? This is what ruling is. Lying on a bed of weeds, ripping them out by the root one by one before they strangle you in your sleep. I think there's more to ruling than that. I don't care what you think. You've never taken it seriously. You haven't, Jamie hasn't. It's all fallen on me. I'm sorry you feel that way. As has Jamie repeatedly, according to Stannis Baratheon. You're funny. You've always been funny, but none of your jokes will ever match the first one, will they? You remember back when you ripped my mother open on your way out of her and she bled to death. Rude. The lowest blow, right? She's my mother too. I know. Mother gone for the sake of you. There's no bigger joke in the world than that. Oh, Lee's hurt. There's a rude thing. But she's used up her lowest blow. What more can you say after that? Right. There you go, you're winning every other argumentarian. Yeah, why is your feelings her? You knew she was going to say that? I was just fair with you, pirate. Salvador Sam will join our fleet. Thirty ships. His men know how to fight. My experience pirates prefer fighting unarmed men. Do you see the ways of choice? There won't be a choice. Do you trust him? I've known him 30 years. Never trusted him. We as a pirate. The smell of gold, he never stops. Well, if he does his job, he'll have his share. Leave us. He's like new council meeting. Won't you, Grace? You can tell Davos doesn't really like that girl. Right. Well, you can tell that from the jump. I don't really like that girl. The thought of life shines through you, young warrior. She's giving me cult member vibes, like cult leader. Because she's really hyping up this Lord of Light, making it seem like she's got some type of like, I don't know, authority to speak on behalf of it. Yeah. What did you say to him?  Why? Because it is true. You're troubled, my king. Is he trying to brainwash people to go get burned up? These armies are toys for the Lord of Light. Tell your Lord to burn them then. I tell him nothing. I pray for his commands and I obey. My little brother has 100,000 men according to the scouts. Men whose allegiance rightly belongs to me. You must have faith in a real war, aside with the greater number wins nine times out of 10. And we must be the 10. I cannot defeat my brother in the field and I can't take King's Landing without the many stolen. I have seen the path to victory on the flames. See, you keep talking about the burning of people. I've said the words, Damia. Damia. I burnt the idols. You must give all of us. I have a wife. I took a vow. She disgusts you. Where do you find her? She's giving you nothing. No sons. Only death. What do you think he's about to do? You think he's going to do that? Especially if he's trying to take the throne, he like wants a son, don't he? Oh, I offer 100% guarantee. Oh, he don't care about the little war moves. I didn't know what that was. I was like, what is that big carry rock? That was just Jon Snow. Where are you taking that child? Is Jon about to go kill this dude? They're about to have a fight and Jon's probably about to have to kill him. He's going to be in all kinds of trouble. Scraping and jangling. I know. What do you even do with that? Wood scraping and twigs snapping. What are they doing? He just dropped them off. So he just gave that baby to someone. What's up with babies in this episode? A creature snarling. Whoa, somebody just took the baby. Dude, he had blue eyes. Oh, that dude's giving it to white walkers. Oh my god. Then he just knocked my boy outside his noggin. Man, what's that dude's name? I don't know that. Let's just call him the daughter tapper. Man, oh, I happened that. So I mean, let's start where we just left off.  Yeah, because they had blue eyes. That's all we know. Is he sacrificing them to live out there? So I guess the thing is, the blue-eyed monsters are eating them, turning them into blue-eyed monsters, sacrificing them. What if that's how they're building their armies? Is that dude?  Yeah, that boy right there. He'd drink a lot of water. Y'all know what I'm saying. Anyways, that was crazy, that part. That was the development and the white walker stuff. Then we also learned that. Stay hydrated, boys. We also learned that Stannis cheated on his wife with that lady. Everyone in the show cheats on their wife, though, so it's all good. Yeah, but he cheated on his wife with that lady to have a son. Well, I'm saying didn't it seem like she sort of like put a spell on him in that moment? I don't know. She's a witch. I don't know. I just think him hearing the fact of having a son made him happy because it's all they care about on this is just like sending off their line of succession. Yeah, they just care about their lineage, and that's it. Right. Yeah, basically. Basically, every kid is just a bridge. I mean, we've already thrown out the idea of morality in this show, right? Haven't we? There's just an immoral world. Is there a such thing as morality in this world? Even the best characters seem to suck, so it's a very morally great world. They're sneaking in their own way because, yeah, Ned even cheated on Catlin. Yeah. And had done snow, so. I forgot about that, bro. Deon goes to his dad and is basically like, I'm the heir. And then he's like, not really, bro. You've got a whole sister that is like killed men and you're over here buying like skirts. But, you know, he gets treated so much better hanging out with two bees. Yeah, with the Starks. Right. But it shows in this show that no matter what, you're loyal to your family. Right, yeah. So I get a sense that Deon's probably going to turn on the Starks. What do you think? That he's going to turn on the Starks. I think he's going to turn on the Starks because you can tell when that little, when his sister stepped up, he was like, oh, no. So I guess the question is, which army is Deon going to continue to fight in? I don't know, man. I really think that the show is trying to show you that no matter what, you're supposed to say loyal to your family. But I think they've shown us that so hard because I think Deon will be the exception. Oh, I hope so. Because he just gets treated so bad here. And then his sister basically just like. They laughed at him. And he was the one who got traded off. Like that. It wasn't even his fault. Then his sister basically just like molested him. Well, no, he basically molested her. No, dude. He didn't know that they were related, but she did. Oh, yeah, she did. That was like unconsensual. That was weird. Yeah. That was weird. I didn't think of it from her point of view. I thought he was just touching on her. I didn't even consider it. Dude, she just. She knew that already. Anyways. That was gross of her to do that. That was weird. If my sister ever did that, me, I'd have her head. This was a weird episode, bro. Yeah. And a lot of babies died in it. Yeah. Just a dark episode. Basically, war is brewing, man. And Aria told Gendry she was a girl. Right. And they're after Gendry. And he's just going to have to trust her with that. And they're still on the run. He doesn't even know why he's being sought after. So that's a whole interesting thing, because he really doesn't know. Right. So to me, the most interesting part of the episode, though, when you really get down to the ball, that was Tyrion. So Tyrion is taking his role as Hand of the King very seriously. And it seems like he's trying to do the best he can do. Like if there is some type of moral compass in this show, Tyrion, to some extent, seems to be. They're ruling, not in his personal life. Yeah, 100%. It's just hard to say. But Tyrion seems to be trying to do his best. At least he seems like he's drawn a personal line for himself and he's not willing to cross that line. And, you know, it's when it comes down to the murder of infant children, he's just not willing to cross that line where Joffrey and Cersei on the other hand, you know. But you can see that this position is really taking a toll on Cersei. I'm not emphasizing. I'm not, you know what I'm saying? I don't feel bad for her by any means. She's just kind of losing control of Joffrey, which is like what she needs. Like she has to have control of him. He's reckless. She made the statement that ruling is laying in a bed of weeds trying not to get strangled. And Tyrion was like, well, I've never ruled, but I really don't agree with that. And she's saying she just doesn't care what he thinks. And that just goes to show, you know how, well, we've been together for a long time. You know how like when we first got together, we'd have an argument and it mattered so much. But then after a while and you have an argument, it's really easy to just get in that mindset of not really caring so much. I feel like that's where Cersei's at. She's just to the point where she really, any situation that comes up, she just doesn't care. That's dangerous. You got to fix that. You got to knit that stuff in the butt, so. Right, and maybe a lot of it, maybe it has to do with her lover, her brother's, like being held captive. Like she has that on the back of her mind. I don't know, like that would, because that's a whole thing still too. We really just don't know what's gonna happen.  The Greyjoys have an army. Renly has an army. Rob has an army. The Lannisters have an army. Absolutely, and the White Walkers have an army. And the Night Swatch have an army. So if you really think about it, I mean, that's like. The Wildlings have an army. So that's like eight heads that are about to come together and just clash.  And one, and you know, the thing is, this landscape is really starting to play out in a way that once all these armies collide, it's really gonna change the geography and the layout and the culture and just everything that builds up Westeros and makes this world what it is. Like all that could change because it seems like this is like a thousand year war. It just doesn't seem like, the show makes it seem like wars like this don't just happen all the time. Right. You know what I'm saying? They kind of like, so far when we were watching the histories and lore, it seems like as if they do happen. Well, they do happen and wars happen like, especially like a. But for 17 years straight, they didn't. Right, but it seems like even when they did happen though, was it just a full blown worldwide? No, no, no. It seemed like the dragons kind of dominated. We would really have to get into more like history and lore. That's a really. But it seemed like the dragons just dominated all those. Like if you had dragons, you won. Yeah, it seems like it. Yeah, and it seems like our dragons right now are kind of weak. And you know what was weird to me is Joffrey. There's all this going on and Joffrey's like too busy playing games like.  Right. He's a young chick. He's a young child and you would expect that with someone. But there's like war coming on all angles. Right. Well, you heard Terry and ask him. He said, I didn't see you on the battlefield. And he's like, I've been right here. And you can tell. He has no intention. I have to rule. Someone has to rule. I'm ruling. Right. I mean, he wouldn't even get into like, a physical altercation with someone.    You know, Joffrey rolls with a very literal childish perception of what it means to be king. Joffrey takes that very, very literally. And he doesn't think about anything past like, what you would imagine a child would think a king would be.  It would be that answer. Yeah, exactly. I would do whatever I wanted. I'd eat sandwiches all day. I'd raise one army and we would be up for this. That's what he said. Cause he said it when he said the stark sir enemies, sir, he was like, I know exactly what I would do to have one army. And then even master pie cell studies, really big in like militaries, a military and stern attitude. And there's this whole world out there. And the idea that you might have to lean on someone or work with someone to coexist in any type of way. Like that idea seems to just challenge a Lannisters ego worse than anything. Like as Lannisters are nothing. And it just seems like I'm getting the vibe that they're just going to ride with each other to the very end, no matter what. Yeah, they seem the most tight knit of all the families. There's not as many loophole. At least the Starks hold their gods above their family. You know, like ultimately like their family sits below their gods on their hierarchy, but to the Lannisters, it's it. Yeah, right. Yeah, it's your family and they'll keep bloodlines pure too as Eames. Absolutely. Yeah, it definitely seems. All right guys, that was Game of Thrones episode two season two. We're moving through this so fast. I can't believe we're already here. I'm having so much fun watching it. It's getting more complicated. I'm getting more confused. I'm doing my best to keep up. I hope you guys are having fun watching us watch this. We're doing our best to keep up with it. And yeah, all series long dude, don't be getting names wrong, saying things, remembering things incorrectly. And my beautiful Mrs. October will be correcting me and making sure I'm on track. So like, subscribe, hit us up on Patreon if you guys don't want to miss the journey and we'll see you guys in episode three. Let's go.


What's up everyone? I'm Giovanni from WebSummit 2021. I have the pleasure to be joined by Yoni Asiasio at Itoro. Very good, very good. Enjoying the the crypto rally and crazier at the WebSummit. Yeah, and actually I wanted to talk with you about the markets. So the current situation in the Bitcoin market, how do you evaluate it? Do we have still some steam in this bull run? Are we gonna see even higher highs in 2021? What do you think? The market obviously is very bullish right now across the board. A lot of the crypto community are expecting this to continue. So in a lot of sort of closed room open rooms, I hear people talking about Bitcoin at 80, 90, 100,000 by the end of the year. But you never know. You never know what's going on in the markets. So it's hard to predict. But long term, I think what we're seeing is mass market adoption. So the amount of interest in crypto, the amount of people in the place like the WebSummit who know what crypto is, who tried crypto, who are talking about DeFi, who are talking about meme coins, is I'm, you know, like I would say a hundred times bigger than it was the last WebSummit two years ago. So we can expect probably an exponentially increase by the time we're gonna have the next WebSummit. Probably there are gonna be even more people involved in crypto, I guess. I think the first WebSummit I was here, I don't remember whether it's 2014 or 15, I talked about Bitcoin and I had a slide saying here's something you should look at. I think Bitcoin was at less than $1,000 and I said what will reach $5,000 first, Bitcoin or Nasdaq. Since then, Nasdaq is now at $15,000 and Bitcoin obviously is at $62,000. So, you know, I'm a very big believer in the value of Bitcoin long term. We might have some time of correction, but long term I'll be surprised if four years from now we won't see Bitcoin at much higher prices. And talking about this year, you mentioned meme coins. So this year we saw a number of meme coins rising up. Like we saw Dogecoin, now we are seeing Shiba Inu and so on. Do you see this meme coin trend as a positive phenomenon or you see it as detrimental for the industry? I definitely don't think it's detrimental. I think it's interesting that people realize the power of the community. So what it is, it's really people saying, hey, you know, disregard fundamentals. If Bitcoin was a bridge for a lot of people who think finance and they said, like, wait, it's not a company worse than intrinsic value, but you have scarcity, etc. Then when you look at these coins, it's really just the power of the community. It's like a group of people together that are raising the value of their own bags. And that trend is really what we started in Toro a long time ago around social trading. It's people realizing how they impact the market. So the trend as a trend is interesting. I know some Bitcoin maxis don't like things like Doge or Shiba. But I think if it brings people into the markets eventually, I think it's a good thing. Obviously, there's very high risk, but that's true for anything that goes up 1000% has a very high risk because you can always see reversal, right? So this doesn't mean that I'm saying I don't believe in that this coin or that coin. But if you're investing in something that rose 10x, then you should consider the risk. It could go back in time. Yeah, I was more thinking about the potential negative impact that those kind of speculative, purely speculative coins can have on potential new players coming into the market, like feeling a little bit like off put from this kind of phenomena. But maybe you don't agree. I think again, I think every person should calculate their own risk and make their own investment in trading decisions. I've seen a lot of people getting into the market now because of Shiba and Doge. So if people are coming to the market because of Shiba and Doge, they'll eventually buy Bitcoin as well. That's my view. And the same is true to NFTs. You know, do I think every NFT is worth its value? I don't know. So I can decide whether to buy it or not to buy it. If I don't buy it, that means I don't necessarily agree with the value. But if people agree between themselves that, you know, a specific NFT is worth $50,000, that's what it is worth for them. And it's good because it's bringing more people eventually to crypto and to blockchain. So all of the all of the anything that eventually brings that innovation to a higher adoption, in my view, is generally good. Again, I'll put a caveat and say, obviously, you know, there are things that are problematic, you know, there are frauds, there are blah, blah, blah. So but I'm talking about like if it's real and the community is real, then I think it's good. Yeah, I wanted to also touch upon another trend which we are seeing right now, which is the metaverse. So for now, it's a buzzword. It's like an ideal projection of a possible future that can be built using blockchain technology, using NFTs. But we are also seeing that Facebook is entering this is also adopting this concept because it rebranded not long ago into Meta. And so here I see two trends. We are seeing the attempts of the crypto community to decentralize to create a metaverse that is decentralized, where people own their own data, own their own identity. And on the other hand, we have like a big corporation like Facebook, which is creating his own metaverse, where probably things are not going to be so decentralized. But there is a high risk of potential manipulation looking at the past behavior of Facebook. So how does this kind of fight for the metaverse playing out? Who is going to win? Is going to be the big tech, the big core to win? Or it's going to be the decentralized community of crypto to eventually take the upper hand? So first of all, I'd say and you can look at my public portfolio. I'm investing in Facebook. I'm less critical of Facebook like others. I think, you know, I'm using their products. I'm using Facebook. I'm using WhatsApp. I'm using Instagram. I like to invest in companies that I use their products. If I use their products, I think they're good companies, generally. So I'm less of a critic against Facebook in general. I think most chances are Mark is going to do the dive into decentralized. I think I'll be very surprised if eventually Facebook's meta isn't going to be an interface into a decentralized metaverse. I don't think they're going to try and centralize it because it doesn't make sense. What is the metaverse? The metaverse is, again, it's communities of people that are creating their own small universe, right? So in our in our in our universe, you have countries and those countries consolidated about around currencies, right? Around the language, around their shared utilities. And suddenly now we're on the Internet and we're building these small countries right, the community of Bitcoin is sort of, you know, within it. Although the Bitcoin is very diverse. There are a lot of people right in Bitcoin. It's like a very large ecosystem. But now some of these countries suddenly have their flags, right? They have their flags in NFTs, whether it's, you know, desperate ape wives or whether it's a crypto ape. You know, they have a flag. It's like it's it's remind reminding me of when you think like 500 years ago, you had these tribes going with the flags and the flag had a picture. It's that, right? People are tribing around, communities are tribing around and are showing the value of that tribe. But that value of the tribe is not like it used to be 400, 500 years ago where they went on horses and killed people. It's that it's something that you see on the Internet. It's what is the value of that NFT? What is the value of Shiba? And what do all of these guys want? It's not necessarily only about the money.  So I think that metaverse is to some extent, and again, this is a big, a big thing, right? It's the it's it's our universe, right? It's humanity reorganizing itself from countries to to global tribes. And those global tribes each have, you know, a currency and a flag and they're going to have probably some, you know, virtual land and gatherings, etc. So it's super interesting to see it because eventually, you know, I'm from Israel, you're from Italy. We have people here from probably a hundred different countries. But suddenly our generation shares, you know, there's more shared things between the people here at the Web Summit than most people when they come back to their countries with generally just the general population, right? Yeah, so basically you are imaging this virtual world where there will be the tribe of Facebook, but then there will be the tribe of Bitcoin. And all these tribes are going to be some sort of connected in within the same metaverse. So you don't see like a monopolization of the metaverse from a centralized entity like Facebook. Again, I don't think I think Facebook will create a platform, a user interface for people to explore the various metaverses, to walk around them, to choose them. What we're seeing now in crypto is a very abstract model of it, right? You this, you know, it's a very abstract model. If you ask somebody that's very passionate about a specific currency or an NFT, they're going to explain to you why that is, but it doesn't have a user interface yet. But it's all in people's minds. It's all like it's completely imagined. It's almost completely imaginary, right? And gradually there's a question of is this going to sort of manifest into like a sleek user interface, which will enable more and more people to sort of join that trend tribe communities. Yeah, it's interesting because at the beginning of this event, we saw the whistleblower at the Facebook whistleblower that took like a very important position in the beginning of the conference. And it seemed to me that the conference itself wanted to give space to some sort of criticism towards certain behavior of Facebook. What are your thoughts about that? Again, it's I'm not saying this way or another. I just, you know, I believe in the economics from the point of view, if I'm using a product of a company, that means I usually think that company is good. That's what they're doing. They're developing a product. I'm using the product for me. It's good. Do they need to always fix things about how they run their business? I'm not sufficiently versed into the details to tell you, yes, no, etc. Because I'm just looking at it from the product perspective.  Is it good for my teeth? Probably not, but I still drink Coca-Cola. So one last question would be regarding next year. So what are the milestones that you are looking forward to see achieved in the crypto space in 2022? I think a part of it is bringing more people again into using new types of technologies. It's still very hard. I think Web 3 is still very hard for normal people. I think it's actually interesting that NFTs are bringing people sort of bring a new type of audience into crypto, to use crypto in a way which is very complicated, but actually bringing non-sophisticated people into crypto. So I think that's very interesting and we're looking into the NFT space. And again, we at Itoro, I believe in diversification so that people need to invest across a lot of different assets, both equities. So I'm also a big believer in the stock markets. I think part of what we're going to see is more financial institutions adopting crypto one way or another. They'll always lag behind more crypto-native companies. But I think we'll gradually see more banks enable their customers to invest in crypto-related products.


Hello there, I'm Sandy Allmock and today I'll be painting this photo from a username Drizzt on paint my photo and there's a link to it in the doobly-doo down below. You can get a free account over there if you'd like to download the picture and I've done my own adaptations from it. Did you know you're allowed to adapt from things? You don't have to just stick with what's right there. And I'll be telling you about it as I go along in this real-time video. And this is the painting I ended up with in the long run and I, as I said, made some adaptations. I was mostly curious how the heck to do that water. I was just wanting to paint the water. So we're gonna do that. The colors that I used are these and each one is a pair and I generally use those two together and then add one thing or another to it, depending on what I'm trying to do to the color. My brushes I have at the ready on the right is a Da Vinci Mottler and that's just for wetting the paper. It's the only non-sable here. And then we have on the left is a three-quarter inch flat brush from Windsor & Newton. And then the round brush, the third one right in the middle, is a Windsor & Newton number eight. Then we have a Da Vinci needle brush that you'll see in action. And then I always keep a number four on hand just in case. My House of Hoffman pallets, some water to dip my brush in and rinse it, a spray bottle and some tape. And that should be all you need aside from paper, and I'll be using some arches rough today. In my previous video, I created a really quick sketch in which I used some wet-in-wet technique and I thought it would be interesting to play with it a little bit more this week and give you a chance to paint along. So this is all in real time. I think only parts that I've cut out are some of the drying, which I didn't use very much. I only dried parts of it twice throughout the whole painting. So I've painted water with that Mottler brush just to get the paper wet on the top portion only so I could paint the sky first. My goal was to get the sky to come down to the horizon line and let it just slowly bleed into that horizon line itself. I'm mixing some cobalt blue with a little bit of phthalo blue turquoise, which either one of them by themselves is not a great color for sky, not the perfect color. I've used them both, but both of them together are really delicious. And with all of the water going on in here, everything is just moving nicely, which is good to see. I've left some white spaces so I can have some clouds in there that'll be more interesting than what's in the photograph. And tilting the board can get things moving a little bit more if you need to. And I wanted to make sure that I had enough water all the way down to that horizon line to get things going. I don't have a sketch on this page, you'll notice. And there's sometimes when I am working on a landscape, I don't really worry about a sketch simply because it gives me the opportunity to change things around. If my paint starts to bleed and I need to move an entire area, I don't get stressed out if I've gone outside of a quote unquote line that I'm supposed to stick to. I wanted to put that really distant spit of land way out in the far distance in here first while this was wet. Because wet and wet, I'm going to get a really soft edge on that horizon. And I want it to be really soft. In the photograph, it's really clear and it's really dark. It's actually darker than the rocks, but that makes it seem so much closer. And if you look at the photo, it's just like land and trees way, way off the distance. So I wanted to eliminate that and and just knock it back. So doing it while it's the paper is wet allows the top edge of that to really bleed softly into the sky. And if your sky is too wet, that paint could just take off running. So make it a little bit on the thick side and the colors for that tree line there was that was sap green with some transparent red oxide. And now I'm painting water into the water area below the rocks. And oftentimes I will just like paint the whole thing, the whole paper in water and then just start dropping colors in. But I tried this one a couple of times previous to this filming. And on each one of them, I had too much color bleeding going on. And while the water can handle some of that color bleeding, it just got out of control. And I know on YouTube, a lot of people come to YouTube for more beginner tutorials. And I know a lot of people might try this and I want to make sure that you're capable of doing this. So this is an easier way to deal with it than just doing it all at the same time. But you can see there the stronger mix of color. It's much thicker, much stronger in color with the sap green added to the transparent red oxide. And that just knocks that sap green down. So it's not like screaming bright color. And then I'm adding some of the cobalt blue to it, just so I can get more of a turquoise color going across and letting all these colors mush together. There's a lot going on under that water, a lot of those rocks and everything. And just putting a bunch of color in here really helps and make sure it's really good and wet. Because if you're wanting to paint something into something else, you need that to be nice and wet. So I've put some reflections underneath that top section where the trees on top are going to reflect down into the water. So I wanted some green in there. And then I'll mix up some even thicker pigment now with the sap and the transparent red oxide and drop in some of the Painsblue gray. I use Painsblue gray instead of black for the most part because unless an object is black, it tends to just be too strong of a color. And then I'm going to start painting the shapes that I'm seeing in the water. They're kind of curving down. There's some current that has moved the rocks in particular ways along here, along the shoreline. And I wanted to capture that by making all of these marks at an angle. I'm still using a flat brush. I don't use a flat brush very often. I want to try doing more of it. I'm using it more in my gouache paintings. And I thought it would be fun to try that doing some of the marks in watercolor as well. So I've mixed some blue in it and then went up to the blue to mix some green in that. I was just trying to go very slowly from the brownish green at the bottom toward the top and where the blue is going to be because that's going to help to get that roundness going because we're going to have some light shining onto the water. I wanted to keep the dimension of all of that going by using colors that were going to slowly get lighter and lighter and bluer and bluer and then or the converse when you start getting down toward the bottom that they would end up being darker and greener. And you also end up with bigger shapes at the bottom than you do with anything further out. So while that sits for a few minutes and I'm going to wait and see what it does if I need to do anything else to it. I've mixed up some yellow ochre with some moonglow. Those are complements of each other. So they'll make a nice brown. And how do you find a complement and figure out what to do with it? Well, if you're using something like yellow ochre, it's a yellow and I want to make a neutral out of it. So I need something that has red and blue in it in order to make a neutral. And when you add moonglow, it has technically red and blue in it. Not every color is going to have a different amount of every other color in it. But if you're trying to mix something that's going to be a neutral, look for something that has the other two of the primaries in it. They don't have to be pure primaries. They can be anything. And I do like how moonglow mixes beautifully with the yellow ochre. Goodness, this is going to be a long video if I'm already stumbling on my words. So I'm just splashing color in here and letting it be messy. I know this is one of the hot mess stages in this painting. My paintings often go through hot mess stages, but I wanted to leave some openings, let some air breathe through the rocks a little bit.  When the two of them touch, I can start painting that spit of land and the rocks and everything that come out from the shoreline and just move those down into where the water is. And if you end up with the water getting painted bigger than it needs to be, that's to the good because you can always paint rocks over top of it. This color will not cover it, but when we get to the darks and adding the darks in there, it's totally going to cover anything that's there. I've got my rocks done here and now I've mixed up more of the same green and I'm going to put that in the tree area, still using the three-quarter inch wide brush and just painting, sorry about my hand being in the way, painting some strokes, but you can see that the top of it is not mushing out at all. That's because the sky is already dry.  So you get a light spray or from down close if you really want something to move, but I wanted to keep it wet because I wanted to add more into it. I wanted to add some darks, start breaking up some of the shapes because when you're painting something like this, you might see a tree next to a tree next to a tree, but painting the whole tree stand at the same time is actually going to give you something that looks more natural. So if you are interested in more on some of these elements, I do have a class on painting single trees because I recommend learning to paint a tree all by itself with nothing else interfering, not trying a crazy background, not trying other elements in it. And then a second class where you can learn how to just do tree scapes. And I talk a lot in detail about how to connect the trees, but this is kind of a real simple version of it here because the trees are not the main thing, the tree scape portion of this. The water in that upper right section, I realized was supposed to be darker than the sky. So I started painting that in and I could go over some of that yellow ochre with this color. It doesn't really have to be a whole separate thing, but one of the problems with painting shapes like this, and I think of it kind of as painting continents, you know, if you're thinking of each of these as continents with water around them, then where those edges kiss, you get a dark line. And often I paint right over top of something in order to avoid that dark line, or I do a lot of negative painting to get that dark line to not exist. But I'm trying some other things in this painting to try to keep it simpler for you. But the kissing of those lines is one of the reasons why I wanted to make sure I tried to try to do things in this order so that you wouldn't have struggles with trying to paint all these things and having them bleed together like crazy. Because a lot of that would entail waiting until the right moment before you move on to the next section. And then waiting for that to be at the right moment. And the right moment is how wet is the paper still. And I didn't feel like dealing with waiting for that. So that's why we're doing this. But since the rocks were still wet, I had mixed a darker color with more than moon glow. And just threw in some darker areas so I could start building the rocks just a little bit. Because while it's wet, those edges are going to be nice and soft.  But I wanted to have something in there that was going to kind of be a soft underbelly, I guess, to the painting. That's going to be what's going to hold all those rocks together rather than trying to paint each rock individually. I'm going to do a lot of layering on top of it. Now this is the needle brush that I've talked about before. It's a Da Vinci number nine. I have tried a whole bunch of different brands and I've not found one that performs the way this one does. Just something about these Da Vinci that releases the color well. It has a wide belly on it and then a really fine tip on it.  And I don't know how many artists call it that, but that's what I call it because it feels like that. And your calligraphy is going to be different than anybody else's because your hand is going to make different motions. And I just love doing this. It just feels like handwriting and putting my thumbprint on my paintings because this is one of the little things that I love to do if I can in a lot of my different paintings that I do. In this pass on the trees, I'm using much thicker paint than I did earlier. So it's darker and I'm leaving some lighter spaces in between, leaving some of those soft top edges to it. The paint that I'm painting on top of is still a little bit damp, not very wet at all. So you can see that the brush is kind of dragging across the paper. And that's a good thing if you're trying to get a lot of detail in there. If you want this to be wetter and you want more of the blending to happen, then you'd have to either start this phase sooner so that the paper would be wet or what I would recommend would be to spritz this lightly after you finish painting this section. Because afterward, while this paint is still wet, this fresh darker green, if you spritz it now, the darker green part will start to move, but the sky won't. At least it shouldn't. As long as you're careful, just do a very light spritzing and get some of those edges to slowly bleed out and soften up. So here I'm starting in on the rocks with some of the needle brush. Mixed up some much thicker darker pigment using the yellow ochre and the moon glow. And I'm just basically drawing the rocks at this point. I'm drawing in the cracks in the rocks. And with this brush, one of the fun things is that I can lay it down and get a wide area. I can lift it up and get a really thin area. And if I'm trying to get a variety of tones, I can use wet or pigment in the in the brush and it will dry lighter, it will dry back better. Or if I want to keep the really strong lines, I can use thicker pigment and it will mostly stay and stay put. Most watercolor will dry back at least 30, 40% or so. So you always want to paint darker than you want the end result of your painting. I knew I was going to add more to the rocks eventually. I just wanted some of this to start while this was still damp. Because if there's a chance of any of these lines getting soft and bleeding and merging with something else, that would be a good thing. And then when I get to the final stage with darker and darker details, then that's a really easy thing to add on to dry paper. But so far, I haven't dried this at all, which means everything is still, or well, areas are still really, really wet. Not all of them, but there are some. And you can look at your paper at an angle and see where are the wet areas and focus on putting something there, if that's the case that you want something to bleed. You can also, once again, just like on those trees that I mentioned, if you want these rocks to be more bleedy, then go ahead and spritz the whole rock section before you start doing this step or after you finish this, while the paint is still wet, then you can spritz. So I've got this where I want it for now, and I'm just going to dry it really good.  I am using a heat gun, not a hair dryer, because this will give me more directed heat. Sometimes I can dry just one little spot instead of drying the whole thing and having a lot of air blowing around. It does get really hot, so make sure you don't burn your paper. Now I've mixed some of my cobalt blue with a tiny bit, tiny, tiny, tiny bit, of the transparent red oxide to make a gray, because I wanted a really pale gray. These rocks were looking very orange, and they're not orange rocks along Lake Superior, so I thought, maybe I should dull that down, and it kind of gives it that feeling of what Moon Glow does. Moon Glow is a very dull, desaturated kind of color, and over top of all this, this just adds to that dullness, and everywhere where the brightness of the yellow ochre comes through, I can knock that back, doing it with my flat brush so I can get some sculpted edges on the rocks, because rocks have like hard crisp edges in various places, and I wanted to get enough of this grayish color over top of everything that these rocks would start to feel a little more natural rather than electric. The way that my camera captures watercolor when I'm painting a full painting like this is just weird. I've never in my life figured out the perfect settings for this, but unfortunately, it does end up brighter. Like, when you see the finished painting, the sky is much richer than that. All these colors are richer and darker, but there is still the hot mess aspect of the whole thing, because, you know, that is part of my painting processes to go through the hot mess phase. So next up is, now that I've got all of this moisture in the rocks, is to mix up some really dark that I can start using to add some detail into the rocks themselves. So I'm just going to dance around the rocks. I'm not trying to outline the rocks.  I'm going to put a line around all different sides of the rock. I'm looking for things that I can make into a shape that will define a rock.  And putting shading around that little rock gives the other rocks definition. And I'm trying whenever I do say a shadow underneath of a rock or along one side to break that up. So it's not just a straight line because you don't see that in nature. And even though if you were drawing with a pencil, you might really draw that hard edge line you don't necessarily want to on this. I'm in a drawing life group that I've talked about recently in a couple of my videos. If you're somebody in need of encouragement, the last couple of videos I did are pretty good ones to watch because I talk a lot about the artistic process and some of the struggles that artists go through have gotten good comments and stuff from people. So if you're interested in watching those, I will put links to those two videos in the doobly-do. I might have to eventually do a playlist because I keep feeling the need to share encouragement for artists. We're in a hard place a lot of times and it's easy to think that you're alone because a lot of artists don't talk about some of the hard times that we have. But anyway, I was talking about my life drawing group and one of the things that has been like a goal of mine as I've been doing the drawings and we draw people in this group, my goal is to stop just making an outline around everything because that's generally how I start out. And my goal now, what I'm trying to do, not always successful, is to create a superbly light line for myself just as a guideline for all of the body parts, the figure and the arms and the legs and where all those go so I can kind of figure out the general proportions for the entire drawing first. But then I only firm up the shapes that are in it by looking at this shape. I'm not looking to outline the left and right side of the arm because you don't see lines around objects and the same principle goes here. I'm not trying to define the left and right side of each rock and to give it all like a clear edge. On the right side of these rocks, the side that touches the water, I'm going to wait until I refine the water and then I'm going to add something that you'll see defines those rocks and it's negative painting but it's not hard to do negative painting when you think about it the way you're going to see it. That's one of the reasons that I chose this photograph because we could talk about negative painting as well. The other thing that is in the title of this video is about atmospheric perspective and atmospheric perspective is different than linear perspective. Linear, says that the shapes that are close to you are bigger than the shapes that are far away and that is true in something like a landscape but people think about it as something really hard and it requires math and you have to make lines and blah blah blah and atmospheric perspective is much more straightforward and simple. Atmospheric perspective is what I did with that really distant spin of land and those trees that are far away in that tree line. I left them being softer and lighter and I want to put more emphasis, more color, more definition in the things that are closer so not only does the scale change from what's closer to what's far away but the actual rendering of those different elements in your painting or your drawing or whatever it is you're making. It doesn't apply just to painting. Those elements will change. Now sometimes you're painting something that's in the mid-ground where you're painting the background and you want the foreground to be fuzzy and that's a whole different type of atmospheric perspective but it's atmospheric perspective nonetheless because you're trying to give the idea that there is atmosphere between the viewer and the objects that they're seeing in the painting and it's what gives that overall depth to the painting when there's nothing like a fence line or a building or something to show them visibly that the objects are going deeper into space. I have a rather amazing number of students who no matter how many times I keep trying to explain perspective I can't seem to explain it in a way that makes it easy for folks and what I'd recommend for them and for you if you're somebody who really struggles with drawing and perspective then choose some subjects that are going to be more forgiving. Choose some landscapes with elements that don't necessarily have to have anything more than atmospheric perspective so lighter in the distance and clearer and larger and stronger colors in the foreground and something that doesn't have any kind of manmade lines that have to line up with perspective and in the meantime just spend a lot of time drawing and practicing your drawings. If you're working on something and you really want to paint something and you just can't get the perspective right then please please please come pick my brain. I spend a lot of time over an art venture and if you've got a photo you're trying to render and you just can't seem to you know figure out what that perspective should be and what's wrong with your drawing come and post it and I will be more than happy to take a little digital pencil and tell you kind of maybe try this line over here move that one over there see what angle this is on and maybe I can help you out with that because I would like to be able to assist you if I possibly can and perspective is one of my nerdy things that I love to mess with I was also that kid in school who loved to do what they used to call I don't even know if they do it anymore we used to decline sentences so we would make a big map a big chart of all the words in a nice long sentence I was the person who volunteered because I really wanted to do this I volunteered to decline the Pledge of Allegiance which is all one sentence and made all the lines for the adjectives and the adverbs it was crazy but I got extra credit for that when I was in my class in English because I loved doing that anyway this is one color that was not on the list because I only use it here I wanted a little bit of brighter green in some of the trees and I use some green gold to do that you don't have green gold just throw in a yellow into one of your greens just to make something a little bit brighter so in between some of the darker trees I just added a touch of green gold so that I'd have some some brightness rather than just that same color but I also have some of that dark green that's mixed up so that I'm going to be able to add in a lot of that I didn't want to have just a big blob of trees a big blob of trees is very boring and I also didn't want to paint every single tree individually because as I said doing the whole block of trees together is what's going to make them look like a unit like a group but when you start painting trees in between trees which is what makes a treescape a treescape then looking at what the shapes are that you're seeing in the trees in the photograph or in the scene in front of you if you're painting outside look for those shapes where you can define one tree by the shadow of another tree that is called negative painting I know that's scary but that's that's the way to make a treescape a whole stand of trees look right is to be able to define each tree because they're not all like full trees you're not seeing the left and right side of every tree a lot of times at an angle like this you're just seeing the front side of each tree and then the next one just hangs out in front of it that sort of thing so it's it's a challenge to do them especially when one tree is hard and if one tree is hard then start with my trees number one class trees number two will be tree scapes trees number one will get you used to the idea of painting one tree when I was first learning watercolor the thing that drove me nuts and then I realized after I'd been going to classes and paying a lot of money for a lot of classes is that I needed and I think a lot more people like me needed to be able to figure out how do I paint one tree before I start trying to paint the tree and the sky and the water and the rocks and the everything so my landscape foundation series of classes tackles one thing at a time so that's why I have the trees one then trees two is where we're adding onto trees one by adding more trees they did see me just a moment ago spritz these trees and that's what that's one way to wet the paint afterwards so I've got all that wet paint down spritzed it so that some of those would start to come together and create these united tree shapes sometimes that water goes out a little bit over the edges just dab some up with a tissue or baby wipe or something if it starts getting out of control but that blue sky won't disappear but anyway hopefully this summer I'm going to get to adding to my my whole landscape foundation series debating on what the next one will be might be waterfall so stay tuned if you're interested in that make sure you're subscribed because of course when that comes I'll be talking about it here with any luck I'm crossing my fingers that I will have time to get that done before world water color month or during world water color month but I've got a lot a lot of stuff going on between now and then so I'm going to work on this water and I needed to darken the water that's out in the distance because even though that corner is very blown out here in the video it's not completely blown out in reality the water still was not at darker than the sky and I wanted it to have that darkness but then all of this water down here was just way too light so I'm going to do just a glaze over top of it but it's going to be a multicolor glaze and this is where defining those rocks happens because I'm using the green that I already had mixed up that I was already using in the painting going to add some blue to it and you know just adding blue little by little until I start getting up into the blue area I'm going to have an area that are a little bit of paint that's more blue and then I'll have some pure blue and just going little by little as I work my way up I want to leave the light just at the top of this whole section because that's one of the things in the photograph that I really loved was having that really nice bright bright bright color in there so I'm just going to try to wet the area at the very top with mostly just water and let a little bit of the blue trail up in there but all of a sudden all that mess my hot mess started to come together down here in the bottom I'm not scrubbing with the brush I use this flat brush and that that thing just doesn't have much power to it which is nice it it's really helpful to have a brush like that in your your stash because I can put in just a little bit of color and it doesn't tempt me to just really scrub into the paper because that wasn't the goal here the goal was to just glaze over the top and then I'm even going to use this same brush to add some more dark shapes in here and using the same colors going to work from the greens at the bottom toward higher up getting into blues but I can add more in here because this area is wet because I just wet the whole thing by glazing it and if there's ever an area where you're like okay I need something soft in here but I haven't figured out how to do that my paper got all dried we'll put some clear water over it unless you're in a situation like mine where I needed to darken it anyway and then I could darken it with a glaze but you can just put water very gently over the surface of something and then you can drop in your wet color on top so it's a good skill to have because there's a lot of times when you'll be painting something and you'll realize that oh gosh I really needed to do X in this area and I didn't do it while it was wet now how do I fix it and that would be how so now I've got that needle brush out so I can make some thinner lines as I go up more toward the top because they start getting thinner as they as the perspective takes it away from our view and it just keeps getting thinner and lighter so the color will get lighter the pigment used at the top is going to be lighter than the pigment used at the bottom so I'll mix up something rich and dark and very bluish because there is a lot of blue down here in the shadow areas and I can drop it in here because everything is still really wet I decided I wanted to have this big fat brush so I'm using my number eight again to drop some shadows in here now at this point really close to you you can see more of the rocks and they aren't as much at a side angle as everything out in the distance so they're going to get bigger and not necessarily round but you're going to see more of them you're seeing them more from an overhead view rather than side view again that's linear perspective that makes that happen but you can see it in the photograph and figure that out just by looking at that so I wanted all this to soften so I just did a quick spritz over top of it to keep all that from drying especially if you want to put more pigment into it you might need to rewet things and how do you know when you need to rewet because your edges don't soften anymore and if you want soft edges that's a real easy way to be able to tell the difference between that but you see how this color is what defined the front edge of those rocks on the left that's that's how you handle an edge that you don't want to draw you don't want to draw something figure out what's the color on the other side of it and emphasize the color on the other side of it and don't put a line around that rock and if in this painting if we had sketched all these in and the color from the rocks had bled over into the water or the color from the water had bled into the rocks then you'd have all kinds of trouble trying to delineate between the two of them even if you had a pencil line there but here I could carve into that rock by coloring into the water just adding more water into it and refining the shape of that rock if needed so I'm adding some shadows underneath of some of these or some reflections actually underneath some of these rocks which didn't make me as happy that that one on the left just got too dark even some of these others got darker and fortunately they dried back quite a bit by the time I was all done because I got a little bit carried away with some of these and when you're worried that you're getting carried away use a more watered down pigment and the watered down pigment will dry back easier but you can also lift it more so if you need to use a baby wipe or wet it with a brush and then lift it some you can do that more if you've used a thinner color on whatever it is that you're painting and now I'm into the final touch up stage doing some dry brush so I'm using the side of my brush laying it down on top of some of the rocks and just adding some texture with the paint so basically trying to skip the brush across the bumpy surface of the rough watercolor paper you can do this on cold press as well a little harder to do on hot press but it adds some interesting texture to it that you can't get with a brush stroke so just laying that brush down across it is really helpful my paint was still just a little bit wet in the water area so I decided to use some very very very watered down blue so that I could add in just a bit of motion up in the lighter area I think it really helped it dried back a lot but it actually did really well and before you go don't leave yet because I have one more thing I need to add I realized after I finished feeling off the tape that I forgot the important step you know because I am a person who watched a lot of Bob Ross in my day and he liked putting his birds in his paintings so I had to put some birds out here since I had this big beautiful sky for them to fly in and I always tell myself stories about the birds okay this is the one that's the rogue this is the one that's being shunned and like nobody's talking to him because he's all by himself when you make your birds really different in size then they start to also look like they're in perspective there's some that are closer some that are way far away some of them can even be just a dot make them fly different directions and keep them interesting so there we go here is the painting in its actual color my phone does a better job on capturing what the color really is so you can see the difference in what my silly big expensive camera does for video but in the less here we go hope you'll try it if you do please let me know join art venture and come ask questions if you have questions there sometimes I'll even do a video explaining something a little further for some of my students or some of my youtube followers and it's free so you can come hang out with us there you can also ask questions in the comment section down below I do answer those but I can give a little fuller answer sometimes by sharing a photograph or a video in our adventure all right I will see you guys later take care thanks for watching thanks for tapping that like button and for sharing it so your friends can come and paint along with us as well see you later go out and create something every day and I'll be back with something extra fun for next week bye bye


We wish we will win this competition. However, if you don't win, we wish all the teams great success in this competition. How do I fuel my car with pollution? Back in 2015, the NRG Kosea Carbon X prize was launched as a $20 million prize. And today, there are just 10 finalists left. Whilst the global pandemic momentarily slowed CO2 emissions from transport, those emissions are set to rebound once the world's economy properly reopens for business. Meet Team Breathe from Bangalore, India. India is the country's most affected by this carbon dioxide, particularly in terms of global warming. So we are having a lot of developments in this area. Electric and hybrid vehicles are one way to reduce emissions, but can be expensive. So how can people be steered away from petrol and diesel without keeping them from driving? Team Breathe is taking way CO2 that would normally be released into the atmosphere and turning it to methanol, a light colorless liquid that can fuel transportation. There is an urgency to bring this technology because we have to control the pollution. So what is the secret behind this technology? Captured CO2 from a coal power plant is combined with hydrogen and pastoral reactor. The gases are then mixed, heated and condensed, resulting in a stream of methanol. So CO2, I mean, it's a compound, a magic compound that changes the world. If Breathe's methanol proves to be a true low-cost alternative to traditional fuels, then we'll have a powerful new technology to drive transport share of CO2 emissions to zero. One liter of petrol changing to one liter of methanol. The price is a half. That's a big market, big, big market. Not only in India, beyond India.


Papermint was not officially described by a white guy until 1696, but we've probably been using it for at least a few thousand years. After dinner mints are used to reduce the gastric-colloct reflex, the urge to defecate following a meal. The stretching of nerves in the stomach triggers spasms in the colon, which makes sense—our bodies making way for more food coming down the pike. What peppermint does is relax the muscles of the colon. If you take circular strips of human colons removed during surgery and just lay them on a table, they spontaneously contract on their own about three times a minute. Isn't that kind of creepy? But then, if you drip more and more menthol from peppermint on them, the contractions still happen, but they're not as strong. Well, if peppermint can relax the colon and reduce spasms, try to be useful during a colonoscopy, as first suggested over 30 years ago. See, colon spasm can hinder the progress of the scope and cause patient discomfort. So they tried spraying some peppermint oil up the tip, and in every case, the spasm was relieved within 30 seconds. 30 seconds is a long time, though, when you have this snaking inside of you. So the next innovation would be to just use a hand pump to flood the whole colon with a peppermint oil solution before the colonoscopy, a simple, safe, and convenient alternative to injecting an anti-spasm drug, which can have an array of side effects, whereas instilling some peppermint solution died blue in this picture here, and within 20 seconds the spasmin colon opened right up. Similar results were obtained with upper endoscopy, working better, quicker, and safer than the drug. And also when mixed into barium enemas. But wouldn't it be easier just to swallow some peppermint oil instead of squaring it up the rectum? Pre-medication with peppermint oil in colonoscopy. Just popping a few peppermint oil capsules four hours before the procedure, sped up the entire process, and increased both doctor and patient satisfaction. Because reducing colon spasm reduces pain and discomfort, and makes the scope easier to insert and withdraw. Pain and discomfort are not the only barriers to signing people up for colonoscopies, though. I mean, even if peppermint oil makes it go seamless, there's still the dreaded bowel prep, where you have to drink quarts of a powerful liquid laxative before the procedure to completely clean you out. And aside from the pain, there's often a fear of complications and feelings of embarrassment and vulnerability. Serious complications occur in about one in every 350 colonoscopies, including perforations and bleeding to death. Perforations occur when the tip of the scope punches through the wall of the colon, or because they inflate the colon too much, they have to pump air in so they can look around, or when they're trying to cauterize some bleeding caused by like a biopsy, which in extremely rare circumstances can ignite some residual gas and cause the colon to explode on the table. Death from colonoscopy is rare, occurring only in about one in every 1,000 procedures, but with about 15 million colonoscopies performed annually in the United States, colonoscopies kill thousands of Americans every year, raising the question, do the benefits outweigh the risks? I'll cover that next.


Today I have the pleasure of speaking with Gavin Lockyer from Arafur Resources. How are you today Gavin? Good. Thanks, Tricey. It's always a pleasure and Gavin you've been doing a lot of traveling I know you were in Singapore recently and You know, I was looking at Dudley Kings North's Presentation he talked about the global rare earths industry being plagued by illegal production in China Can you tell us a little bit more about what happened in Singapore and whether or not you deem this to be a Real issue for Arafur are presently Yeah, Dudley's Dudley's comments were certainly very interesting and I think one of the statistics was that 40% of NDPR was actually coming from the illegal trade. So that's quite a quite a large and obviously significant figure I think it's quite evident that China is obviously doing the best they can to to clean up the industry But I think more importantly, there's probably needs to be a push from the customer side of things to ensure that the you know, the chain of custody of Where productions coming from? should perhaps be Coming into consideration and I think that was certainly combined with the Chinese Clant down on illegal production I think that will certainly help the rare earth industry outside of outside of China And and obviously a flow and effect to prices Of course, you know, one of the impacts of this particular issue has to do with pricing. Did they talk about solutions? Well, I think the Chinese are trying to obviously Secure supply for their own domestic demand and Pricing certainly has been a major factor more for more so from the supply side where we're hearing that Many Chinese producers are actually slowing down or stopping production or together at these prices So I think this will force more dramatic More dramatic Response maybe from the Chinese government in order to clamp down on that illegal mining even further But I'd suspect the next year a lot of that resolves itself just through natural attrition feet stop drying up for those illegal plants and as I said if External customers start to demand a bit more of a chain of custody And I think that will certainly help to drive pricing in the right direction for us Well speaking of the right direction your mineral resource update. Can you give us an overview? I think what's what was extremely pleasing about this member resource update was that it didn't cost us a cent in extra drilling It came about as part of our environmental work whereby we have to identify the waste rock that sits around the actual war itself and obviously when you're mining and You're mining in a radioactive environment. You don't want to be putting radioactive material Exposed at surface. So we we needed to carefully block diagram Every part of the of the resource area and our guys painstakingly went through a number of computer programming processes to to come up with a revised Waste model which inherently has also given us some significant upside in in resource So that's extremely pleasing So let me understand that correct You were able to revise these numbers while you were working on your environmental impact statement. Is that correct? sure when part of part of obviously your environmental impact statement has to address radiation and the host walk around no one's is radioactive as everybody knows and So when you're mining you don't want to be putting the more radioactive material exposed at surface You actually want that under benign material to help with your Radiation management processes and and so we had to do a significant modeling analysis of the waste rock and And this has inherently led to a improved resource for us. And what is the timeline for the completion? For the EIS we're looking to submit EIS with the authorities in the first quarter of next year that then goes through a public consultation process of about a month Any comments from public and or regulators will then have to be addressed by us in a subsequent submission So we would be looking for ultimate approvals towards the end of next year or third quarter of next year It's I should add though that along through this whole EIS process that we've been going through now for nearly 12 months We've engaged with the regulators We've actually taken regulators out to site to see what we're up to to show them the things that we're monitoring And they've been extremely supportive and to date. No major issues have been identified. So that's very pleasing Well, congratulations and speaking of that. You just had your AGM and I was Powering through your PowerPoint and I thought was interesting as you were talking about your letter of intent with OCI Company about your rare as separation plant. Can you give us Give those of us that were not present kind of an overview on the update that you provided Of course, we've been looking for quite some time now for a potential location for our offshore Or sorry our downstream rareth oxide separation plant The reason being is obviously we need a lot of hydrochloric acid predominantly to to strip the rare earths into their individual oxides and To transport hydrochloric acid to Central Australia is not very cost effective. So we've been searching globally over a number of years now and we're very pleased that we came across OCI in Seoul and They have a significant chemical facility to the southwest of Seoul where they produce hydrochloric acid amongst other things and they're extremely keen to Pursue the opportunity with us to join venture in a rare earth separation plant located in Korea So at the moment it's a non-binding arrangement We're working hard to sort of push forward with that to make it a lot more formal and binding and We hope to have have some news on that fairly soon Well, I'm sure the investor Intel audience is hearing what Outstanding operators that the air of your team is and what I enjoyed reading was that you've again reduced operating a capital cost by 7 and 16 percent respectfully You've downsized your and relocated your corporate offices by the way they look fantastic and Can you give us a little bit more about this? You also talked about a salary freeze since 2013 Yeah, I guess we're we're not alone there. We're very cost-conscious and we've had to do more with less We've reduced our corporate overhead in terms of headcount and or our office space has significantly reduced we have 13 million dollars in the bank and we're hanging on to that and trying to get the best bang for our buck and so you know, we've had to Look at ways that we can find efficiencies across the board We've also And you touched on the OPEX and the CAPEX which was a great result again from our from our internal team But some more importantly, I think this is time round the numbers have been Validated by an external engineering group in like a podium and we've also brought in some experts around dams and tailings which contributed significantly to that capital reduction and You know, it's a good it's a good result And I think it's just something that we need to do in this Capital-constrained environment and and we hope to squeeze out a bit more still so in addition to the questions I've asked you from your AGM. I mean it was a very thorough PowerPoint You've been doing a lot of traveling. Is there anything else you'd like to highlight for investor Intel? Investors because I know a lot of us have been watching you for the last couple of years and we're really cheering for you Gavin Well, thank you very much and we're cheering as well Look, it was a it was a good shareholders meeting. We had a Good number of shareholders and and they were you know, they've been long-term and and very loyal shareholders with us one of the things that has one of the the recent Things that we can certainly start considering now that we're getting our capital costs down to you know around a billion dollar mark is Whether you know a billion dollars is a lot for any company to raise And being a small a junior explorer is no different for us. What's even harder for us But it allows us now to consider maybe staging or a reduced throughput scenario for our production So what that means is if we can get the capital down to a realistic level Something that might be a little bit easier to fund We're now starting to investigate whether we can actually stage our production Or to produce to start off with a smaller size plant that That that is a lot more bankable in this current market So we'll certainly start looking at that over the over the next Three to six months. I think there's a lot of upside there I think the other thing that really came out about our shareholders meeting Which may or may not have come across in some of the audio or the all the public announcements Was that our major shareholder ECE? And their nominee director mr. Mr. Dean actually said a few words obviously Chinese But the translation and I'll give you the short version was that they remain extremely supportive of our furor They believe that we're on the right track. They've been helping us with our Chinese optimization program There's some upside people believe that they come out of that Some of the work up there has has been showing some good signs of maybe changing some reagents around that might actually provide some further operating capital and just operational benefits And you know, they're extremely supportive and and they're open for business in terms of They understand that they may get diluted over time and they're willing to do that provided that we have the right strategic partners alongside us and they're helping us to work through that process So I think that's extremely encouraging to have your major shareholder give you that support in such a public forum Well, thank you so much for the update Gavin as always. It's a pleasure to it's a pleasure to hear from you No problem. Good to speak to you. Thank you