Trini girl natural hi everyone welcome to my channel I'm coming on today to give you my winter wash and go routine so as you know I do wash and goes pretty much year-round a couple times I'll do a twist out if I go to the stylist or if someone interrupts my wash day and I have to stop my wash day mid mid wash and it dries I don't usually wet it back to do a wash and go I'll just twist it but generally I do wash and girls year-round so I wanted to show you guys how I do it because I hear a lot of people talk about you know they can't do wash and goes in the winter I mean I'm not in the coldest area but it's nine degrees outside right now so I do get cold weather I do get snow and stuff like that so I decided to come on here and let you guys know how you can achieve a winter wash and go I want my winter wash and go processes so first of all this is a wash and go and it's winter and I did my process and I filmed it so I can show you guys so yeah my hair looks shorter I did get a haircut as well when my stylist asked me to do that I was like okay go for it I'll talk more about that in a future video the main goals with the winter wash and go is fast drying time and moisture retention so of course you want that all the time but especially for winter you want that so first of all I don't use any leaving products with glycerin or sorbetol or any non-film-forming humectants during the winter because I don't want those products to stop the moisture out of my hair I do continue to use products with agave and honey and aloe vera juice and so on because I find that those don't negatively affect my moisture levels in the winter I just cut out the really drastic humectants like glycerin and sorbetol so the products that I use for this wash and go are the TGIN green tea super moist leaving which is really moisturizing and doesn't contain glycerin so in the summer I might use lighter products and products with glycerin and you know be hair don't care and stuff but in the winter I try to use richer more moisturizing products so this definitely fits the bill for that so then I use my DIY hair caster or hair gel right now I'm using like an ochre base gel to finish set my wash and go give me my week long hair help me retain moisture of course I didn't put any glycerin in that and then I use my oil mix which is mostly just almond oil castor oil and grapeseed oil just for to seal in the moisture basically I do my regular wash and go so take a look at my process of course for winter you will you know squeeze out the extra water if you could I just kind of go right down and get rid of the extra water so you're smoothing I usually I don't always go right down but in the winter I do just to kind of get rid of the extra water so that's my first tip is the second thing I do is add oil but I don't always do this but the second thing you can do is add oil over it so that actually helps to seal in the moisture and it also helps prevent the cast of using anything with a cast oil over it just a little oil over it like that I just do my usual shake when I'm done shaking my other secret weapon would be this so I plop I haven't really gotten good at tying it but the main thing is to do it so let me just do it I come back up and show you so you want to keep the pattern will be on top on your wash and go kind of inside like together and the t-shirt should hopefully only be touching the bottom so I kind of just fold it around like this stick a clip in kind of sideways to secure it and the aim is just to leave this on maybe 15-20 minutes just to get some extra moisture out and you can feel free to pat it like this because again this is the bottom of your wash and go so just try to get some of that water out and my ends I just leave loose but you can try to bond them but just to avoid frizz on the end and stuff I just kind of leave them loose like here but everywhere else is wrapped my t-shirt this just helps to take some of that water out and help to dry faster so taking it out this is after 20 minutes so you can see it did a good job it didn't result overly and it's a lot drier to me at least than it was before for something like overnight 20 minutes is fine just to get out most of the water and then from here I just air dry until bedtime and then diffuse or hood it dry the rest of the way this is after dry you can see it sign mostly dry the outside is dry so this is it I just put a towel under my pillowcase and sleep on my morning it's fine and if it wasn't freezing outside like even like 30 something I would go outside like this because the outside is dry so it's just the root and stuff that needs to dry now so that's it my winter wash and go routine I have ultra low porosity so I don't always need to use a cream or always choose to use a cream so I didn't use a cream in this case but this is a great cream to try if you're looking for a nice moisturizing cream during the winter in the summer I might do a wash and go in the morning and stuff but in the winter I try to do it the night before just to give it that night time to finish drying or at least nine nine percent drying so the next day is pretty dry before I go to sleep I'm making sure that the outside of my hair is dry so the cream as well as the oil are great for moisture retention the other tips are more for fast drying I know a lot of people are nervous about plopping but this is plopped and it's fine so even if your curls are tighter I don't think you should worry I think plopping is kind of for most people I wouldn't say for everyone because it's always somebody who something doesn't work for but plopping definitely works fine for tighter curls as well as nothing to be worried about so as soon as I finish my wash and go while it's still soaking wet I plop my hair and I would leave it in the plop for like 20 minutes you can leave it in for 15 or 30 or you can even take it out and plop it again like with another t-shirt so those are some of the things I do sometimes and I make sure I wrap it in such a way that the top is on the inside so this whole thing is right up and the top is on the inside so this part isn't affected by the t-shirt or touching the t-shirt at all so that does that helps prevent frizz so the patterns being dry by the t-shirt is in the back as you saw that really takes a lot of water it doesn't add frizz and it doesn't add shrinkage if you do it the way I do it does not shrinkage so there's really nothing to worry about in terms of plopping I hope you enjoyed my winter wash and go process I guess this is the result I didn't do my five minutes of duck face but you know I mean it's just a typical wash and go so you know I guess typical wash and go so yeah so that's it thanks for watching I hope this was helpful let me know if you do wash and goes in the winter or if you stop and why you stop if you do I know some people want to protect the style in the winter just let me know what you're up to and when you do wash and goes if you do wash and goes and let me know if you switch your products for the winter as well see you in the next one bye


Hello, welcome to SSUnitech. So, see this side and this is continuation of SSIS tutorial. So, today we gonna discuss about Execute SQL tasks. So, here we will discuss about the source types and how we can use it. So, let's start. So, as we have discussed in our last video, we have three types of source. First is direct input, second is file connection and last is variables. So, let's start with direct input. So, before going to ssdT to implement the package, let's discuss about the scenario. So, as you can see, we have input table and it doesn't have any data. And by using SSIS package, I want to insert record on it. So, go to on ssdT and here I need to add one more package. Then, I wish to rename this package with execute SQL task, then source type. Now, I need to drag and drop execute SQL task, then double click on this execute SQL task. Then here in SQL statement, as we can see connection types. So, here we have many more options. So, I gonna use LEDB connection type. Rest will be discussed later on this video series. Then we need to make the connection. So, we can click on new connections. As I have already made the connection. So, I gonna use that one. Click on OK. Here we have option for direct input. So, here I need to write the query. So, I have already written the query. So, I need to copy this insert statement and then go to on ssdT. Then we need to paste that query. Now click on OK. Then again OK. So, we have done our package. Now, I gonna execute our package. So, package has been executed successfully. So, now I gonna stop this package and go to on ssms. And here I need to check the records. Now, we can press Ctrl R. So, as we can see data has been inserted successfully on this table. So, this is by using direct input. Second, we have a flat file and it has the SQL queries. So, these SQL queries will be executed.  So, instead of direct input, we need to select file connection. Then it would ask for file connection. So, we can select. Then we can browse. I have to copy this path. This is our file. Now click on open. Then OK. Now we have done our file connection. Now click on OK. Now we can save our package and execute. Then in this file, we have total 5 rows. So, 6 rows should be a label in our table. Go to on ssms. Now we can press Ctrl R. So, as we can see 6 rows. So, data have been inserted successfully in this table. So, this is by using file connection. Next, we need to create one variable. So, we can add one variable and this is for SQL query and data types should be string and what would be the value. So, I want to copy our inserted statement. Then we can paste our inserted statement in this value. Now, I can close this variable. Go to on execute SQL task and here we need to select variables instead of file connection and then we need to select our variable name. So, our variable name is SQL query. So, this is our variable. Now click on OK. So, we have done our package. So, go to on ssms. So, in this table, I wish to delete all the records which is available in this table. So, now we don't have any record on this table. Once I execute this package, so one row should be inserted in our table. Click on start. So, package has been executed successfully. Now we can stop this package and go to on ssms. Now, we can press control R. So, as we can see data has been inserted successfully in our table. So, this is from variable. So, these are the input types. So, thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video, please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. Don't forget to press the bell icon to get the notification of our newly uploaded videos. Thank you so much.


ίναι hernit чив planned government MKJK LjP MAHRON most of the party is the head of parliament  incrementally planned government


recorded and so I want to welcome everybody to the Thursday morning House Appropriations Committee meeting. This morning we're going to start with House Bill 611. We have a few members that are leaving to go to another Zoom meeting and so what I would like to do with 611 is to have Jen from Legislative Council to walk through a proposed amendment from a group that has been working on Section 5 and 6. The sections that were the reason why the bill has come to House Appropriations. So those of you who are leaving we're going to discuss this amendment. If you have questions about the amendment I would get in touch with Jen Carby or Teresa Wood or Diane has been following the amendment and will not take a vote on the amendment. It would be we have to figure out the procedure to see if we're going to take an official vote or if it's or depending on which which path the amendment comes to the floor.  Is that good with all of you? Okay welcome Jen thank you for coming and that's through this language that has been worked on that would replace Section 5 and perhaps redo Section 6. Great Jennifer Carby Legislative Council so this amendment to H611 would actually delete sections 4 and 5. 4 was the definition adding a statutory definition of home and community-based services that would go in the chapter where section 5 was going to add a new section so we don't need sections 4 section 4 and we're deleting section 5 and then this would amend section 6 which had been the home and community-based service provider rate study report this would add in an inflation factor component and some other language as well. So the first thing it does in this section is to add in that same definition of home and community-based services that had been going in section 4 and is used elsewhere in the bill so that everyone has a common understanding of what kinds of services and service providers they're supposed to be looking at in doing this report. So that's subsection a subsection b has starts with the same language as in the original bill having the departments of Diva and Dale conduct a rate study of the Medicaid reimbursement rates paid to providers of home and community-based services their adequacy and the methodologies underlying the rates and the department's shall and then I've added in a new first one that reflects I think some of the conversation in this committee so the department's first determine Medicaid reimbursement rates for providers of home and community-based services that are sufficient to recruit and retain individual service providers while creating a fair and equitable balance between cost containment and high quality care. So this borrow some concepts from some of our workforce development language in the healthcare human services context it borrow some language from the nursing home rate setting statute around finding that fair and equitable balance between cost containment and high quality care. So that's the first part of the study that's new and then we go into the rest from the bill as you'd seen it before so establish a predictable schedule for Medicaid rates and rate updates identify ways to align the reimbursement methodologies and rates for home and community-based service providers with those of other payers limit the number of methodological exceptions and communicate the proposed changes to providers prior to implementing any proposed changes. Then we have in this new subsection C that's in bold and highlight and this directs Diva and Dale to develop criteria and a process for calculating an annual inflation factor for potential application to the Medicaid rates for providers of home and community-based services in future fiscal years. In developing the criteria and process the department shall consider inflation factors applicable to payment rates for providers of home and community-based services in other agency of human services programs and may include elements of the inflation factors in and this is the official name of the agency of human services nursing home and long-term care facility rate setting rule. So it's an agency of human services method standards and principles for establishing Medicaid payment rates for long-term care facilities and it has the citation. Then subsection D has the report coming in on April 15th that was the extended date from the amendment that you'd looked at from the individual members of the Human Services Committee. It would be reported to the Human Services Committee and to this committee and to the Senate counterparts and that would be with the results of the rate study conducted pursuant to subsection B of this section and the criteria and process for calculating the inflation factor as set forth in subsection C of the section and then finally I made a change in the effective dates. It was no longer necessary to spell everything out. If we could just scroll down to the next. There we go. Thank you. It was no longer necessary to refer to all the different sections because everything would take effect on passage except for the one piece in section one of the bill relating to the state plan on aging. We could take out all the rest. Thank you, Jen. Teresa, could you scroll back up to the language, please? Could I just make a statement? So if anybody has anyone that wants to get in the meeting, I'm going to send the link because I think it's me. I think everybody should be allowed to come into the meeting. I'm going to send the link. They just need their name showing or I'm not letting them in. So I'm going to send this link out and you can hear it with anybody that's asking, okay? Okay, so we have Candace Elmquist in the waiting room. Do we, Teresa? I've just let her in and I sent her the link intentionally. So anybody, if you have any constituents asking, I'm going to send the link and you should share just that link with them and tell them they must have their name showing before I let them in. That means we have to be paying attention to our emails at the same time. I don't see anybody in mind. All of you may want to look at this. Did I lose my members that are going to the economic development group? Yes, I know the two of them left. Okay, I just had a question, but that's all right. Let's just go back to this. So, Teresa, can you scroll down a little? I want to get to the about the inflator, please. And the intention of those go up. Bill in the background, is everybody else? That's something on in the background. We're hearing the meeting. Oh, okay. Sorry, that's me. Sorry, I'll yourself. Can you just yourself, Mary? There we go. Yeah. Oh, am I not muted with you? That's my Okay, let's go to the page. Am I in the right place? I don't know where. No, no, I want to scroll. I don't know what my up is your down. So I want to go some more to the next page. Okay. Right here. Stop. This is like, please. So for the committee, this is where we were having the discussion this week and last week about the automatic inflator that that would have gone the intention of the committee. We were told that the inflator would be set in place. It would be mandatory. So the language takes out the mandatory piece and puts in for potential application to be considered by future fiscal years. So it is it's simply developing criteria and developing a process for the calculation and and would be brought back to human services. Is appropriations on there? Yes, appropriations gets the report. Okay, and two appropriations. So are there questions on this part of it? This this is the part I believe that that that we have been zeroing in on. I can't see any members for hands. I have hands and I've got to find you. I have and we have action circles. Teresa, I can action circles. Fine. Dave, your hand is looking. Yes. Whenever you're ready. Am I okay? I'm ready. A question says in letters C. Hold on here. I want to help everybody. Okay, there's a b b 1 b 2 b 3 4 5 and then we come to C in bold letters on mine. It it alludes to shall consider inflation factors applicable to payment rates for providers of home and community based services in other AHS programs. Could you could you tell me what you think could someone tell me what their thinking is about that and what what does that mean? Hello, Teresa or Jen could Jen, do you want me to take that or? Yes, please. Okay. So in in looking at this language, represent Yacoboni, we we did not want it to only refer to an institutional regulation. So the the regulation at the bottom of that paragraph is referencing the nursing home regulations and how the inflation factor is calculated there. As as the committee knows, there are other factors that are considered when services are being provided in the home and community that may differ from that being provided in an institutional setting, such as a facility based setting like a nursing home. And so the other home community based services in the agency of human services. Recently, the division of rate setting has been completing rate determination calculations for developmental disability services in the mental health field. And they may have done others those are two that I'm aware of. So we wanted we wanted this process since it is actually more similar to that than it is to the nursing homes to make sure that it included elements of both. If you are you understanding it or did I make it too complicated? No, I have a follow up. I I think I understand me. I just when I read it, I said, Oh, does that mean if other home based programs, which is what it says home if other home and community based services, such as children's integrated services, haven't received an increase in many years? Does that mean these folks would have a hard time getting an increase? Same thing with foster care parents, you know, they they sometimes get an increase they often don't they're providing home and community based services. One could argue that I guess. No, that's not that's not your point. Correct. Correct. No, the point is probably the opposite of that. So that's another you gave another fine example. Recently, rate setting has done a rate audit and methodology for children's integrated services. That's another good example. So what we want them to do is to consider the elements of that rate setting process that they have done in previous work for other home and community based services. It's it's not delaying anybody else's increase because that you know that all comes before you folks. It's just saying in developing the criteria and process, consider inflation, consider the elements that you have used in other home and community based service rate setting procedures. Okay, so so if they haven't given any increases, it doesn't mean they wouldn't necessarily give one here. It's just try to be consistent is what you're saying. That's consistent in the methodology. In the methodology actually gotten an increase. Okay, thank you. And I would just add that I think to the it says consider inflation factors applicable to rates to the extent there is not an inflation factor that's applicable to a rate. There's nothing to consider there. So it's not it's not a useful part of the exercise. So I think in requiring them to affirmatively look at inflation factors that are applicable in developing the criteria and process it it I think sort of by definition excludes those that do not have an inflation factor. Thank you. May I Katie, may I continue with another question? Can I just drop one second, Katie, you're not letting people in, are you? Only if it's people I recognize their name. Can you not do that? Can you let me do that? Because I don't I'm watching people disappear off my screen before I have a chance to listen. I will do that. Thank you. So fun answering that doorbell, Teresa. I know I know it's interesting to open it, but just let me do that. Right, thank you. Dave, we'll go back to you and I have Peter and Diane. Thank you. Let's see. ABB1 says in determining Medicaid reimbursement rates for providers. Wait until we're all there, Dave. The screen, so B1. Okay, we're there. Yep. In determining rates for providers of services that are sufficient to recruit and retain individual service providers while creating a fair and equitable balance between cost containment and high quality care. Did your committee talk about, obviously, it's very important to be able to address recruitment and retention, but many people need training. The system needs quality assurance. There's other needs of the system. There's supplies, etc. So if I'm a let's just stay home health agency, I may have the money to hire you, but I may not have the funds to train you or to equip you certainly in periods of today. Did your community, did your committee talk about, when you think about reimbursement rates, you seem to be not a criticism and just trying to clarify, you seem to be focused almost exclusively on the employees. Did you talk about the other needs that are necessary to address quality? So first off, Representative Yacoboni, our committee has not seen this language yet. We will be reviewing it at 1 30 this afternoon. This is language that Jen put together after listening to the discussion in Appropriations Committee the other day about wanting to see some sort of intent or purpose statement in the in this part of the bill. So as she said, she pulled this language from bits and pieces of a couple of other areas of statute. So I'm not wedded to this particular language, although I would point out to you that I believe that and we can reverse the order of the, you know, of how this is written, but the things like training and retention and supplies, all of those things to me point to high quality care. And those are the last three words of this paragraph. Those are all involved in high quality care from my perspective. That's how I believe that those are included within the context of what you were asking. I appreciate that and that Jen's done a great job based on what she heard. The notion I want to leave with your committee, Representative Wood, is whether the concept, as is in nursing homes, should be applied to home and community based services. And that concept is that providers are obligated to assist the people they serve to quote, attain and maintain and quote the highest level of functioning. That's a different standard than whether you can recruit people and retain them, though that is mightily important. I just I just leave that thought with you. Madam Chair, I'm not trying to complicate this, but I'm just trying to make sure if we're going to have objectives in here, they are the the right one. Thank you. And Representative Yacoboni, if there is language that you want to suggest that your committee consider this morning, that's that's fine, as long as Jen has the opportunity to change it between now and one thirty, which I'm not totally sure of her schedule. Yeah, well, I guess I would suggest to my our Appropriations Committee. I'm not trying to I'm just trying to put the concept in play for the policy committee to consider. And whether you come back with it or not is that your policy jurisdiction is I don't think it's ours. Okay, thank you for your input. Yeah. Thank you, Dave. Peter, I think you have your hand and then Mary. No, Mary with Diane. I am good. Thank you. So I have a question back in C, back in C, so wherever that is B, we need to we need to move down the document, please Teresa. There we go. Thank you. So I want to the second line there, develop criteria and a process for calculating an annual inflation factor for potential application. And there that's the question that I have. Why are we using that instead of and calculate an annual rate increase? What's the difference, please? Are you looking to me? I whomever can answer it. I don't know. I mean, Jen or Teresa, who would ever have that the choice of wording between rate increase and annual inflator? To be honest, I get we didn't really consider that other language that you just mentioned. Representative, we talked about annual inflation factor and annual because we were presuming that the rate study would determine what the rates should be, whether or not we were ever able to get there as a whole nother story, but what the rates should be. And then we're looking at, we thought that an annual increase should be based upon inflation once you determine what the rates should be. That was the thinking behind it. Yeah, I think I would just add that I think an inflation factor creates a rate increase. I mean, that's sort of what it does. But to me, the idea of inflation factor is something where you potentially have a methodology that gets applied. The expectation is that that would be applied on an annual basis rather than a periodic rate increase. Okay. So I'm philosophically opposed to an annual inflation factor. It bypasses the appropriations process and thus abdicates the responsibilities and the authority of legislators to do their job. That's plain and simple. That's the reasoning behind my question here. However, I will probably support this because at least removes the concept of, in fact, we shall apply an annual inflation factor and replaces it with determine what it ought to be and put it in the process. My concern is that on down the road, a future legislator might decide to combine themselves to an annual inflation factor for which I am philosophically opposed. Because of that, I'm going to reserve the right as to how I'll vote on the bill when I get to the floor. Thank you. Thank you, Peter. Diane and Marty and Dave. So I don't know if it's important, but I just thought I would, I would bring it, bring up that in the definition, it was one of the things that I asked to not just delete for, but it was important, or I think it's still important and could change in time. But why you, why you see at the end there the definition to include home health and hospice services, assistive community care services and enhanced residential care services. And you tell us where you are, Diane. Oh, I'm sorry. At the very, very, very beginning of A. One A. Yeah, one A. That you see that last, last line that's highlighted in A. Not section one A. What's that? Just A. Yeah, she's got it right there. Okay. I'm pointing it. Okay. Go ahead. There, there, there will, there could be potentially and probably will be changes in what at the federal level in the waiver 1115 considers as in, in and their definition. And right now, enhanced residential care services, the ERC's are included. And but the assistive community care services are not that's the A. C. C. S. But in it's beginning to look like it has a potential out of Washington that they're going to in the next waiver exclude the the ERC's from, from that waiver. So we would want to make sure that when we were looking at this, that our definition includes not just the 1115 waiver, but these other entities as well. Does that make sense? That's why I want to make sure that that was in there. Right. These are spelled out in there. So the definition means long term services and supports in the choices for care program and specifically include home health and hospice, A. C. C. S. and ERC. Right. Thank you, Diane, for that clarification. I have Marty and I guess my concern is back on Section C again, where we determine the inflation factor. And it it sets up a process for calculating an inflation factor that may be applied. And then it also reports the house appropriations on what that process is. The way I read this, it does not app automatically trigger the application of the factor. And I'd like that clarification. But then it would what would the trigger be a budget request? They come in and say we would like to apply the inflation factor this year. And then that would be part of a budget request. Or is there some other mechanism that that inflation factor could be applied? So as written, the language is just part of a study and a report. So there is nothing in here that actually applies the inflation factor. It was my understanding that the committee was interested in informational information on an inflation factor, but nothing that would actually trigger it. So it would require some sort of legislative action, whether that was in the form of an additional appropriation amount or codifying language similar to what we'd seen in the earlier version of section five that would create it still subject to annual appropriations. It would take some other affirmative action of the legislature before an inflation factor would be applied or some I suppose some other way that the agency chose to use money that had been appropriated to it. But this inflation factor would not absent somebody doing something else, give anybody an actual inflated amount. So you think that would be something that the legislature would do as opposed to within the agency? Do you believe the agency could do it on its own? I suppose it's possible the agency could do it within its available appropriations, but that would potentially suggest they had more funds than they had obligated. Right. It would rec... Sorry. Theresa? The way this was written was to take into consideration the concerns that House appropriations had earlier in the week so that there would not be any automatic inflationary increase. It's only for informational purposes to see what it would be if it could be applied. For instance, it would be left up to the appropriations process to determine whether or not something would be included or not. It would give the basis, however, for calculating what it should be as opposed to, now, you know, we just sort of guess at it periodically. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, Marty. I'm going to go to Mary and then back to Dave and Peter because I'm trying to get people who haven't waited yet. Mary? Thank you. So as I understand it, what has been accomplished here is kind of a broader, more in-depth look at the criteria, a broader, more in-depth look at how we do rate setting and that it is a report back to us on so that we have the information, so the legislature has the information necessary to make appropriate decisions or to weigh everything as opposed to the original language, which said, figure out what a rate will be and apply it in 21. So I think this nicely addresses, this proposed amendment nicely addresses what some of our concerns were about being obligated to make a future appropriation without understanding everything that we needed to understand. It makes sense to me to strike out the existing language, I think in section five, allow the Human Services Committee to consider this amendment. Dave asks some interesting questions about, you know, did it need to be expanded, but that's way beyond our jurisdiction. If we strike the obligatory language in five, Human Services can drop this in as an amendment on the floor. And and I think we've accomplished both of our goals of both committees. Does that make, does that make sense, folks? Do you see where I'm going? Thank you, Mary. I think that's really the simplest approach, knowing that there may be the Committee of Jurisdiction needs to look at this language and there may be additional ask. I think as far as our committee is concerned that, you know, we're looking at the inflator. If we remove section five, it removes the inflator from the language, and then we could take a straw vote once we have the the the finished amendment from the Committee of Jurisdiction, and then it can just get dropped in on the floor. I'm thinking also how it's less the least amount of confusion on the floor, because it's really different working with Zoom. And I think that that does it. What do other members think? But that's a process question. And Dave, you had your hand up, I'm sure not on the process piece, but on another piece. Yes, I did. And this is maybe for for the Policy Committee of Jurisdiction and for Jen's guidance. To me, there is a distinction between a rate increase for providers and an inflation increase for employees. I don't think this language dictates what assuming the process has completed and they come back, whether it's next April or whatever. I don't think and this is a question. The language is attempting to say what should employees who work in these services get for an inflation increase for the next fiscal year. It may be. If it is, I have concerns because as many of you know, if my employees are granted a two or three percent inflation increase, I have increased workers comps related expenses whenever that happens. My share of FICA and FUE state unemployment taxes and social security taxes, I go up and if I don't have a rate increase to accommodate that for some providers, probably all, that can be very challenging. So I guess what I'm trying to invoke here for one of us, better word, is the notion that whether the Committee of Jurisdiction was exclusively thinking about pay for employees because it talks about retention. And I know it's not your language. It's a proposal for you. It talks about employee retention and recruitment, which made me think about this was focused on employee pay. And if it is, I just wanted you to be aware of other associated costs for providers and the possible unanticipated consequences. Thank you. Thank you, Dave. Teresa, I see your virtual hand. Yes. Thank you, Representative Yacoboni. It is not the intent to dictate salaries for employees of home and community based service providers. This the the language says that an inflation factor for potential application to Medicaid rates, so it is still referencing back to the rates as as you were commenting on. It's not it's not intended at all to be to call out any specific component of the cost for providers. So it is not a employee salary bill at all. Thank you. Thank you, Teresa. So now I would like to go back to the process with the committee. And there was a proposal put on the table by Mary to to strike the sections that has the that refers to the inflator in the committee to take action on a bill. The the amendment would go back to the Human Services Committee where it may it may be voted on as is or there may be some additional changes to the amendment. And then that way I see it as a cleanest path forward. And then our committee can take a straw vote on us on on the amendment when when we see it in its final form. Do any other committee members have any thoughts on that process? And I would ask Jen, Jen, would you tell me if if we would need to strike just five or should we strike five and six? It appears just five in this version. So so you've I've actually in this one I've struck four and five and amended six and eight. No, I just meant as the bill is now if our committee is considering striking the inflation, is it four and five that we would strike or just five? Yeah, four and five is better. Four is the definition that goes with five. Okay, thank you. So it's not the end of the world if, you know, if four happened without but thank you. I just wanted to say I think the process, the procedure as you and Mary outlined makes up a lot of the sense, clean, straightforward and if everyone's liking gets the job done. Thank you. I caught the end. You were some funky was happening with your connections. Okay, I support what you outlined and Mary outlined. Yes. Thank you. Thank you. Any other hands, Teresa? Teresa Wood. No, you okay. Hi, Mary. Yeah, thank you. Peter, you had expressed a concerned about about this as written in terms of obligating us to a rate increase. Well, I absolutely understand this does not obligate us. My concern is that it starts us down a path towards it. And there's no guarantee that that path will continue, but there's no guarantee that it won't continue. If we strike four and five as is being discussed right now, I'm fine with that. And then and then the the Human Services Committee can work on a an amendment to the bill that reflects what they would then like to do. You know, I yeah, we need to help folks that are in this situation absolutely concur. I just go back to my my concept. It's the responsibility of the legislators, the legislators to to take in information to ask questions, understand what the problems are, and then to work to address those problems and not put it on some automatic pilot. That's that's my concern. I do understand this is not automatic pilot at this point in time. OK, thank you, Mary. Did you have a follow up, Mary, Peter? We only have two members that are not at the table. And so I think we can move forward. I think we have the information we need at hand. We don't need to understand the final amendment because as soon as that comes in, we'll take our position on the straw vote. If there's no other opposition or any additional information that is needed, a proposal was put on the table by Mary and and made a affirm that Peter, you just talked to it that we would move forward with the bill by striking sections four and five. Is that is the committee ready to take a vote on that and we'll leave the vote open until the other two members can join us. OK, so if so, Diane, would you like to entertain a motion? May I just clarify, Katie? Yes, Dave, are you asking us to vote on the bill now? Yes, I'm asking us to vote on the bill striking section four and five if that is what the motion is. That's what the discussion would be. And then it would take a straw vote on the amendment. They're coming back. Actually, we're voting on an amendment first and then we could vote on a bill. Well, we're voting we're voting on the strike all. So we're voting on 6 11 as as how it arrived in our committee actions four and five. May I just briefly then before so we're voting we're about to vote on whether to delete the original five and six, correct? No, I'm sorry, four and five. Yeah, if I can just quickly explain why I'll be voting the way I am. As policy, as you know, legislators receive an automatic pay increase whenever the collective bargaining unit gives state employees an increase that to me is a modified automatic inflator. The in the transportation bill town highway funding has an automatic inflator. Nursing homes have an automatic rate increase. Yet on the community side of the ledger, we choose not to treat similarly employed people the same way. So for those reasons, I'll be voting no on the formal deletion of four and five. Thank you. Thank you, Dave. Mary, don't your hand was off. OK. Diane, would you prefer the motion came from someone else or are you? Well, let me just see if I've got this right and maybe Jen or Theresa could just cue into Theresa because all right, so it would be a motion and I can do it or somebody else can to move favorably H 6 11 and act relating to the older Vermonters Act as amended by the Committee on Human Services and further amended by House Appropriations Committee. I don't think so. Further amendment is the removal of section over and that's not an amendment. We're just striking sections. But that's an amendment. That's an amendment. We have to strike those sections first. I think you just can ask a question. Yes, Theresa. Yes. I understood what you were saying, Kitty, was that you were voting on H 6 11 as it came to your committee. Yes. Yes. OK, so that's not the motion that Diane just made. So you have too many amendments in there because we're not too many amendments. Yeah. Forget forget forget the strike all amendment that you got from us previously. You're just voting on the first bill that you received H 6 11. OK, I believe first we would have to vote on striking sections. And then we will on as presented and then further amended by House appropriations. Right. So somebody needs to make a motion to strike. Sections for four and five. And so move. So move. You have a motion on the floor to strike sections four and five in House Bill 6 11. Is there a second? I'll second the second. OK, is there any discussion? We're not voting on the bill at this time at this time. We're voting to strike sections four and five in H 6 11 in the entirety. If there's no further discussion or questions or comments. So this is a roll call to strike sections four and five out of H 6 11. 6 11. Representative Conquest representative Fagan. Yes. Representative Feltas. Yes. Yes. Representative Helm. Yes. Representative Cooper. Yes. Representative Jessup. Yes. Representative Lanford. Yes. Representative Myers. Representative Townsend. Yes. Representative Yacoboni. No. Representative Toll. Yes. All right. Leave it open or we're going to leave that open for the other two members. And and next the direction will take and I'd entertain a motion to to to vote favorably on H 6 11 as amended by the representative would at all at all and and further else appropriated is it's not a committee bill. Right. Theresa it's not that you're not you're not voting on that amendment. Not yet. Not yet. We're voting no we're voting on the bill before us which is from you and the bill be amended by striking all. So we are voting on the bill. And so you don't so you don't have that at the moment you just voted to strike sections four and five. Now you need to vote on whether to support the bill or whether to as so amended the bill should pass or whatever the motion is for that. That's the action that you have later you may take a straw poll on whether you would support. Yeah. No we wait till this afternoon. Wait wait wait I'm not talking about the second bill. I am talking about 6 11 the one we have in our possession is an amended by representative would at all. It says. Yes but you don't but that's not the bill that you have in your committee. You have H 6 11 as passed by House Human Services and your committee. Right. So this copy that I have in front of me is an old copy. No the copy that you have in front of you is what is what House Human Services that doesn't have possession of the bill would like to do. Right. But but we're going to redo that this afternoon. I'm going to redo it right. It's not should we should we wait to vote on that this afternoon that are full. Yeah I need to get clarification. You probably you probably do want to wait to see if House Human Services actually supports the language. Right revised language that you all looked at this morning. They haven't seen it yet. Well it it it doesn't whatever that revised language is will be an up or down straw vote by our committee. Our committee's on four and five at this time. But I think all you have done so far is strike out sections four and five. You haven't actually done a vote on whether to send the bill to the floor without and that's what I want to do now. I'm not talking about the amendment that they're going to be taking up this afternoon. I'm talking about the bill that was sent to us which amends age 6 11. The bill humans the human services amendment to the introduced bill not the wood amendment. They the human services I don't the one before me that is dated May 20th. No that's the wrong one. Right. That's my problem. OK. I'm working off a May 20th bill. OK. So you need an older one. You need a March 13th bill. Is that what it is. OK. And that is a human services bill. Yes. Yes. OK. That's that's my issue. OK. So let me put this one aside. This and so the one that was away I'm confused. The one that was sent out to us on March 13 is a human services bill and not this. OK. Got it. So I would support I would ask for to pass to vote favorably for age 6 11 as passed by human services and further amended by house appropriations. So moved. Is there a second. Thank you. So the motion has been made by Representative Fagan and seconded by Representative Townsend Are there any further comments or questions. OK. Go ahead Diane. I was just going to that's representative Fagan seconded by Representative Townsend move favorably age 11 and that relating to an older Vermonters Act as passed by the Committee on Human Services not amended. Correct. Right. Just passed. Yeah. Yeah. And further amended by house appropriates. Right. And further amended by. Yeah. And then I put parentheses section four and five removed. And I write so human services did amend the bill as it was introduced. So it's not this they didn't pass out of human services as introduced. They amended it. This. So the further amendment from this committee language is right. But it was amended by. OK. Human services as a committee. Just want to get the word right. I've got to jump in here and I just so online house human services committed the bill to house appropriations. So there is no amendment from them is the way it's written online. And if that is incorrect then they need to fix that. So it's it's just age 6 11 no human services. OK. That's it. So OK. So move favorably age 6 11 an act relating to the older Vermonters Act as amended by house appropriation. No appropriations. Yes. But I meant to write no further. OK. Thank you. No further. So it's just an act. I just want to make sure I get this right. All right. Move favorably age 6 11 an act relating to the older Vermonters Act as amended by house appropriations committed. And I do have a question before I vote on this. I am looking at right now and I've been working off a May 20th draft. What is what differences would I see on this May 20th and I would have seen on the bill that passes out of human services. I'm voting on the bill that's not before me. And you want me to do that or you want to do that. Why don't you go for it. I'll pull up the I think I even have a markup document. There's not much. It's it's because of COVID we we had more aggressive due dates for some of the reports and some of the actions in there. And so we moved those out further. So we changed dates due dates like for the the age well plan is now a year further out. And the rate setting was January 15th. We moved that to April 15th for them to submit a report back to the legislature. And then I don't have it right in front of me. I'll make a video and then we added then we added language that says the system should be designed to address the needs and concerns of older Vermonters and their families during normal times and in the event of a public health crisis, natural disaster or other widespread emergency situation in this state. So oddly enough our original bill didn't have any language about emergencies in it. So that changes. Those will all be in your amendment then they were all be in the amendment that you take a straw vote on later today because they're no longer reflected if they're in the one in front of us to the date changes, the April 15th date. All of that will be in your amendment now. Yes. That clarifies that. I do have a markup version or pretty close to complete markup version if that would be helpful for you to see the differences. Otherwise committee I followed it with Teresa do any committee members want to see if you've been working off the the the May 20th, which is not what we're voting on it's the date changes that Teresa went over moving to the April date and the COVID related information will be at their amendment. We're going back to the original. We set to vote on this. I it does any if you have any confusion put up a blue hand and let's solve any confusion. I'm seeing no blue hand. So the clerk shall call the roll. Thank you madam chair. Representative Conquest. Representative Fagan. Yes. Representative Feltas. No. Representative Helm. Bob you are muted. And oh no. Representative Hooper. Yes. Representative Jessup. Yes. Representative Lanford. Yes. Representative Myers. Representative Townsend. Yes. Representative Yacoboni. Yes. Representative toll. Yes. Seven to two and we leave it. We're going to leave it open place for this afternoon. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Jen. Teresa thank you for coming in Nolan you're behind there somewhere. Thank you. Can I ask up a detailed question that at the risk of confusing you but in the amendment striking sections four and five do you want me to also make the conforming sections to the effective dates or just leave it as four and five knowing it's a little bit messy but expecting the human services amendment or the wood amendment. I think that we should absolutely make the effective dates reflect our our decision. OK. So so make it work even though it's only going to last for potentially only last for a few minutes. Yeah that's that's my preference but OK great. Yes please do that. Thank you. Thank you Jen. We're going to move Teresa did you have something. We're going it's 10 o'clock we have about a half an hour. I'd like to move to letter that we


We can now graph light using our space-time coordinates. For this, we use the distance light travels in one second for the units on the x-axis. This gives us the line running diagonally up the right side for light moving in the positive direction. At this scale, we cannot distinguish between the speeds achieved by snails, animals, cars, planes, and rockets from the line that represents standing still. Here's the line for protons at the end of the large hydron collider's linear accelerator traveling at one third the speed of light. And at this scale, the line for protons in the LHC itself is indistinguishable from the speed of light. Now we can run the light line up the left side for light moving in the negative direction. If we then extend the x-axis line to be a plane that we'll use to represent three-dimensional space, we can rotate the light line 360 degrees to create a cone, the light cone. This is the four-dimensional space-time graph. A point on this graph represents an event with four coordinates, x, y, and z for space and t for time. A mathematician named Hermann Minkowski developed the geometry for Einstein's space-time. So you may sometimes hear space-time referred to as Minkowski space. The four-dimensional length of a line in Minkowski space is referred to as proper time or proper distance. Space-time inside the cone is called time-like because the length of connected points have positive proper time. This makes all points inside the light cone reachable. In other words, it is possible for an event at an earlier time within the cone to be the cause of an event at a later time within the cone. At the speed of light, the lines connecting the events run up the edge of the cone and the four-dimensional length of the line connecting these events, proper time, is zero. Cause and effect can still hold. The space outside the cone is called space-like. The proper time of the line connecting a point inside the cone with a point outside the cone will have a negative length. And like the boat example in our speed of light segment, where negative times simply meant that you could not get there from here, so the negative proper time simply means that you cannot get from one of these points inside the cone to the other point outside the cone. In other words, no event from within the cone can ever be the cause of an event outside the cone. If we go back in time as well as forward in time, we get the full space-time diagram. Here we see that no past event outside the cone can be the cause of any event we see today.


Superficial Skeletal Muscles Let's review each muscle to see its location and read about the action it performs. Oxypitalis draws back the scalp to raise the eyebrows. Trapezius, upper, elevates the scapula and extends the head and neck. Middle, retracts scapula medially. Lead lower, elevates scapula, upward rotation of the scapula and downward rotation of the scapula. Deltoid, abducts the arm, flexion and medial rotation, extension and lateral rotation. Infraspinatus, external rotation of the humerus, stabilizes the glenohumeral joint and part of the rotator cuff. Tera's major, assists in adduction of the arm, medial rotation of the arm and extension from a flexed position. Tera's minor, laterally rotates the arm, assists in adduction of the arm, stabilizes the glenohumeral joint and is part of the rotator cuff. Romboid major and minor, retracts the scapula and is located deep to the trapezius where it cannot be seen. Lattissimus dorsi, adduction of humerus, medial rotation of the humerus, extension from flexed position and downward rotation of the scapula. Triceps brachii, long, adducts the arm, extends at the shoulder and a little elbow flexion. Lateral, extends the forearm at the elbow and medial, extends the forearm at the elbow. Brachio radialis, acts as a synergist in forearm flexion. Extensor carpi radialis longus, extends the hand at the wrist, radially deviates the hand at the wrist, weakly flexes the forearm at the elbow and weakly supinates the forearm. Extensor carpi ulnaris, extends and adducts the hand at the wrist. Extensor digitorum, extends the foremedial digits, extends the wrist if the fingers are flexed, abducts the digits and is the most medial muscle in the posterior forearm. Gluteus medius, interior and lateral fibers abduct and medially rotate the thigh. Posterior fibers may laterally rotate the thigh and it stabilizes the pelvis and prevents free limb from sagging during gait. Gluteus maximus, powerful extensor of the hip, laterally rotates the thigh, upper fibers aid in abduction of the thigh, fibers of IT band stabilize a fully extended knee. Adductor magnus, adducts the thigh. Posterior fibers also extend and laterally rotate the thigh. Hamstrings, extend the thigh, flex the lower leg and include the biceps femoris, semi-tendinosis and semi-membranosis. Biceps femoris, flexor at the knee, laterally rotates the thigh if flexed at the knee and extends the hip. Semi-tendinosis, extends the hip, flexes the knee, medially rotates the tibia. Semi-membranosis, flexes the knee, extends the hip, medially rotates the tibia, pulls medial meniscus posterior during flexion. Gastrocnemius, planter flexes the ankle, knee flexion and stabilizes ankle and knee when standing. Solius, planter flexes the foot, fibularis longus, planter flexes and avert the foot. Calcennial tendon, insertion for the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Iliotibial tract, insertion for the tensor fasciae, lati and gluteus maximus. Deltoid, abducts the arm, flexion and medial rotation, extension and lateral rotation. Biceps brachii, flexes the forearm at the elbow, supinates forearm from neutral, stabilizes anterior aspect of the shoulder and flexes the shoulder. Brachialis, elbow flexion underneath the biceps brachii, pronator teres, pronates the forearm and weakly flexes the elbow. Brachioradialis, flexes the forearm at the elbow, pronates the forearm when supinated, supinates the forearm when pronated. Flexercarpi radialis, flexes the hand at the wrist, radially deviates the wrist and may assist to pronate the forearm. Palmaris longus, flexes the hand at the wrist. Pectoralis minor, depresses and downwardly rotates the scapula, assists in scapular protraction from a retracted position, stabilizes the scapula and is deep and cannot be seen. Pectoralis major, adducts humerus, medially rotates humerus, flexion of the arm from extension. Cerratus anterior, protracts the scapula, stabilizes scapula and assists in upward rotation. Intracostals, fix intracostal spaces during respiration and aid force inspiration by elevating the ribs. Rectus abdominis, flexes trunk, aids forced expiration, raises intra-abdominal pressure. External oblique, supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure with muscles of opposite side it abducts and rotates the trunk. Internal oblique, supports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure with muscles of the other side it abducts and rotates the trunk. Fibers run medial to lateral underneath the external oblique. Transversus abdominis, supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure is deep and cannot be seen. Iliosus, flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other. Pectaneous, flexes hip, adducts thigh, medially rotates the thigh. Rectus femoris, extends the knee and flexes the hip. Vastus lateralis, extends the knee and can abnormally displace the patella. Vastus medialis, extends the knee. Tensor fasciilate. Abduction and flexion at the hip, weak extension of knee joint, stabilizes the pelvis during walking, counters the pull of gluteus maximus on the iliotibial tract. Sartorius, flexes hip and knee, laterally rotates the thigh if flexed at the hip. Adductor longus, adducts thigh, flexes thigh, may laterally rotate thigh at the hip. Gracilis, adducts thigh, flexes knee and medially rotates the tibia. Tibialis anterior, strongest dorsiflector and inverts and educks the foot. Temporalis, elevates mandible and postfibers retract. Macedor, elevates mandible, enables forced closure of the mouth. Sternocleidomastoid, if contracted singularly, will rotate the head and neck to the opposite side. If contracted together, will cause anterior flexion of the head and neck. Frontalis, raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead skin horizontally. Orbicularis oculi, powerfully closes the eye. Zygomaticus, zygomaticus minor, elevates the upper lip and zygomaticus major lifts and draws back the angles of the mouth as in smiling. Orbicularis aureus, closes the lips and protrudes the lips. Mentalis, elevates and protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin. Depressor labiae inferioris, draws the lower lip inferiorly and laterally during mastication, used with mentalis for frowning. Buxinator, draws the corners of the mouth laterally and compresses the cheek, involved in the sucking action. Sternohioid, depresses hyoid bone and hence the larynx. Congratulations! You have completed this learning activity on the superficial skeletal muscles.


Embedded devices are getting smarter and are offering more advanced features and capabilities. These changes require an enhanced user experience with more intuitive, smartphone-like user HMI. STM32 microcontrollers boost the HMI of things revolution to enable stunning high-end graphic user interfaces while keeping the benefits of the MCU-based design in terms of limited software investment, time processing, and long battery life. Thanks to the ChromeArt Accelerator, you can now experience a smartphone-like user interface with an advanced look and feel, additional color choices, and maximum fluidity while also managing your real-time application requirements while traditional graphic user interface implementations requires external memory to manage the graphic frame buffers. STM32 MCU's embed large memories with up to one megabyte of SRAM and offers innovative graphic SRAM optimization features. The Chrome GRC unsquares the circle and achieves 20% SRAM saving when using round displays. With STM32, depending on your targeted resolution, you can now design high-end user interfaces in highly integrated solutions. To further enhance user experience, STM32 microcontrollers also embed JPEG hardware codec allowing you to add tutorials and start up random videos to your graphic interface. ST accompanies those driven to create with a unique platform for reinventing the objects of tomorrow.


So friends we have taken a new problem to apply the basics that we have learned and to learn how we can you know step by step approach the problem. So here goes the problem there is a small m kept on a larger mass capital M. The length of capital M is small l alright. The coefficient of friction between small m and capital M is mu by 2 and coefficient of friction between capital M and the ground is mu ok. Here we need to find out how much time small m takes to cross the capital M right. Now what comes in your mind when you look at this problem. When we look at this problem the entire system is moving towards the right hand side right. It is moving with velocity v it just started. Now what is the direction of friction force on capital M. From the ground of course it is moving relatively forward. So from the ground there must be a friction in the backward direction on capital M right. What about friction between small m and capital M. Now small m was at rest initially and it has been pulled towards the right hand side because of the friction between capital M and small m. So that is the reason why friction force on small m will be forward direction right. So now let us take one by one these two masses and will represent all the forces and acceleration. If we take a small m mass what are the forces will be applied on it. There will be a gravitational force right its value will be mg and there will be normal reaction between capital M and small m n1 right and then there will be a friction mu times n1 okay. This force since this normal reaction is applied by capital M on small m the small m also applies normal reaction in opposite direction okay. So this will be a pair of n1 so this is n1 force right. There will be mg force downward on the bigger mass and there will be normal reaction from the ground on capital M okay. Now this friction force is applied by capital M on small m. So there must be a pair of this friction force on the left hand side. Let us call this mu times n1 okay. Now there will be another friction between capital M and the ground that friction force value will be mu times n2. So the coefficient of friction value between small m and capital M is mu by 2. So let us correct this this is mu by 2 into n1 okay and similarly here it is mu by 2 into n1 okay. Now let us write down Newton's second law of equation for small m and capital M. At times what happens student get confused with the fact that velocity is given and they start to visualize in terms of velocity but you should remember the Newton's second law of equation is for the acceleration it is not for velocity right. There is no direct relation between instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Acceleration is rate of change of velocity okay. So if you write the Newton's second law of equation for small m along horizontal direction I will get it as mu by 2 n1 is the only force along horizontal direction isn't it. This will be equal to mass time acceleration of small m fine and along vertical direction I will get n1 minus mg is equal to 0 since there is no acceleration in vertical direction all right. Now let us write down equation for capital M also along the horizontal direction what are forces you see there is mu by 2 n1 force backward direction minus mu times n2 force right. This will be equal to mass time accession of capital M fine. So, accession of small m will be in this way let us call this as a1 and for capital M accession is backward direction we are calling it as a2 okay. Along the vertical direction we will get mg plus n1 minus n2 is equal to 0 right. So, we have four equations how many variables we have we have a1 a2 n1 and n2. So, we can solve these four equations to get the value of a1 and a2. So, now we can assume that we have the value of a1 and value of a2. Now the question says how much time it takes for this small m to topple from the capital M. Now if we see the motion of small m it goes from this end point number 1 and it must cross this point number 2 to topple over okay. So, the total length it covers is l now is this length an actual length or it is a relative length compared to or with respect to capital M. It is a relative displacement right what will happen the small m and capital M will move together with respect to capital M small m moves a distance of l fine and what is the acceleration along the length along the length it has acceleration a1 fine and capital M has acceleration backward direction which is a2. So, net acceleration of approach from 1 to 2 is what this one let us suppose is small m which is moving with a1 and this capital M is coming towards it with a2. So, acceleration of approach is a1 plus a2 let us call this as an we will say that this is a net acceleration okay. Now initial velocity of approach is how much we have seen that both have started moving together this point number 1 and point number 2 both are going in this direction with same velocity. So, their acceleration their velocity of approach is 0. So, initial velocity is 0 and displacement which is relative displacement since we are talking about relative variable is l. So, which equation comes in your mind to find the value of time s equals to ut plus half at square right. So, if I use s equal to ut plus half at square here and I substitute value of s as l u as 0 and a as a1 plus a2 I will get the value of t okay. So, this is how you solve the particular question I hope now you feel comfortable in applying the basics on problem like these okay. So, thanks for watching the video we will come back with few more problem solving videos which will be testing you on different type of concepts okay.


Welcome to Designing in the Browser. In this series, we explore how to take a design, build it, and then tweak it in the browser using the latest in web technology and design systems. Today, we're going to take a look at how to build a layout that scales across mobile and desktop views. That's right, we're talking responsive design and how to make existing components work in the context you intend. There's so much talk about, so let's dive in. Size-based media queries are the first tool we have for responsive design. You write media queries in CSS with the at media rule. We usually want to design mobile first, so we think of our smaller screen styles as being the baseline. And then we use media queries based on our browser's minimum width to adjust for larger screen sizes. Here's a demo with that image list that we saw in previous episodes. And what I want to show you here is this device panel.  And inside of that, we have a variety of options. We have a responsive sort of option view where we can open and close this horizontally to see what it looks like at various screen sizes. We also have shortcuts with various devices. You can swap the view from horizontal to vertical and vice versa. You can really see a lot of various options for default styles. And again, you can make customized layouts and sizes using this responsive view or even adding it as one of your own defaults. We'll go through some of these dev tools more in the next episode, but this is definitely one of the ones that I use the most. Let's do a quick look at the code on this as well. So here we have from the most baseline position, the default, which is one column and no padding between. Then as we get a little bit bigger, 500 pixels, that goes to two columns with eight pixels in between. At 800 pixels, it goes to three columns, 16 pixels in between as the margin between those images and so on, it gets bigger. So here we have an example of responsive design across browsers starting from a baseline of mobile and getting bigger as the device changes in size. Media queries are not just for the size of the device that you're in. They can also detect the device aspect ratio, pixel density, print mode, orientation, and a lot more. There are also many new accessibility features which detect user settings that can now be accessed as media queries. These include prefers contrast, prefers reduced motion, prefers color scheme, and prefers reduced transparency. These features are new to the web with the latest version of media queries, but they point to this much more responsible responsive design that we see in the future. Those are all super cool and important to know about when designing responsibly, but for now, let's get back to layout. You might not always need media queries when styling layouts. There are a few CSS properties that will automatically calculate changes and apply them based on the width or height of the browser, eliminating the need for media queries. For example, the Flexbox and Grid layout properties have calculable properties and auto placement modes. Flexbox is a layout algorithm designed to allow elements to stretch or shrink and best feel the specified available space based on their intrinsic size and the context within which they live. Flex layouts can be both horizontal and vertical. They'll stay in a single line by default, but can also wrap to fill the space. Alignment is an important concept that's in Flexbox too. I'll show you what that looks like right now. First, I'm gonna give this a little bit of height. So maybe 600 pixels, so there's a little bit more space. And you can see that these are automatically stretching to fill that space. So in order to adjust that, I can use the align items property. And maybe I wanna start from center. Here I'm aligning the items at the center. You can also align them at the flex end, the flex start, or anywhere in between. There's a shortcut inside of Google Chrome where when you start typing a property value, it auto completes your options. So you can actually just go through this list and see where your options are in terms of alignment. Justification is another important concept. So you can justify the content in the same way that you align the content. With justification, like alignment, you can adjust where these items live inside of its parent container. But with justification, because this is horizontal by default, this is going to align the items within that horizontal space. So say I wanna justify them as space between. This aligns the elements with the space in between each other. There's also a few different properties that we can play with here. There's space evenly to space them all evenly centered inside of that horizontal row. There's center, which will just shrink them all together since there's no margin around these items. And just like the other property of alignment, there is an auto-completed list, which you can sort of just go through and see what your intended visualization is and your intended effect is. With Flexbox properties, we can start building more flexible and responsive designs. Items will shrink and stretch and change position without the need for media queries. Here's an example where all of that is tied together. A responsive layout with no media queries, all using Flexbox. Here's what it looks like. I have the header section. I have a left sidebar. I have a section of these cards and another sidebar as well as a footer. And if I open up this device panel, you can see that with this responsive device, I have all of these views visible. As I resize this, the items are shrinking to fit the space. And when it hits a point when their flex sizes don't fit, it will then be pulled over to the next row. This is using the Flexwrap property where it's going to wrap onto the next row. As I continue to resize, this layout will actually adjust itself by adjusting the sidebars to be next to each other underneath the card block. So we have multiple points in which Flexbox is creating adjustments independently of elements throughout this page, which is really cool. It's kind of like creating a micro layout within your page without even needing media queries. However, the real wins happen when you combine these technologies. You can combine media queries with Flexbox and you can also combine these with another technology called CSS Grid. CSS Grid is the newest layout algorithm with support across all evergreen browsers. It's super powerful and unlike Flexbox provides a structure both vertically and horizontally at the same time for an entire page or elements. The way a basic grid works is you explicitly specify a grid template and define how many columns, grid template columns and rows, grid template rows are in a grid and then place its children into the grid using grid column and grid row. You can also use the auto keyword when defining this template to automatically fill children into a grid. We'll go over that a bit more as we highlight just how powerful and responsive CSS Grids can be. Here's an example of placing elements into a grid. So in the HTML we see, we just have a bunch of these little boxes inside of this body here. And so that's what we're seeing up here on the right in our code. And if I resize this, you can see that these are actually adjusting based on the CSS that I've written. So the first two columns are not moving and that middle column is getting wider and narrower and then at a slower rate, that column all the way to the right with the four and the eight is also decreasing in size as the screen size gets smaller and increasing as it gets bigger. Now let's look at the code there. So here in the body, we have display grid and that's what's allowing us to create these columns and rows inside of it. We've created these columns where the first two columns, that's gonna be right here, one, five, nine and two, six, 10. This is 200 pixels wide and 100 pixels wide. Then this area right here with the three and the seven is getting an auto fit. So it's automatically taking up the existing rest of the space and then 25% of the width is what the four and the eight are doing inside of that column with that box of zooming. So that's where we get this sort of experience in the UI as we adjust the sizing. We're explicitly setting the grid and as I mentioned earlier, grid is not just horizontal but it's also vertical. So you can specify how the rows look as well. So here I have this grid template rows where I'm setting up the row template and so this first row is 25%, this second row is 100 pixels so I'm setting that specifically and then we have this auto on the bottom row and that auto is the most narrow here because it's just letting the content inside of it dictate how big it is. So we could change these values. If I made this 200, you would see that would quickly adjust here and that would be a much higher, a taller section there. We can increase percentages, we can use various unit types and we can also use justify content and align items within the grid just like you can do with Flexbox. I'm doing that right here within the boxes to center the numbers inside of them. So that's why as I change sizes, this five, six, seven, eight, they remain vertically and horizontally centered. I'm using a display grid within the box and I'm setting justify content center and align item center. So it works the same properties that we have with Flexbox, we can use in grid. You can also set up your grid as named grid areas. I love using emoji for this as they can represent a lot of information in one visual square unit. So here's what that can look like. In the HTML here, we only have four boxes which I'm going to be placing with grid named areas and you can see as I resize this, they also adjust in their size based on the width of the container which is the body in this case. So if we go into the CSS, we see that we have display grid on the body. We also are naming these template areas. One thing I forgot to mention in the last demo is this grid gap. Gap allows us to create spacing between elements. So you aren't hacking around, having margins and removing margins for the first and last elements and the ones on the right and left sides. This is true gap which is great because it's a feature that I've been hacking around for years. So now we can truly have gap. I can also increase the size of this gap so you can see where it's adjusting only between those elements but let's stick to 10 for the sake of this demo. So next we have these grid template areas and here I'm setting this entire first row to be just the header. Then the second row we have the main content taking up three quarters of the space, the sidebar taking up one quarter of the space and the footer taking up the entire bottom. When I'm placing these boxes into these named areas, I use grid area. So for box one, the grid area is header. For box two, that's main. For box three, that's the sidebar here and then for box four, that's the footer. So the way that these are readjusting is based on the fractional units of space that are left in this grid layout for them to be filled within. But we can specify that space. So we want that sidebar in the right to be a fixed value. Maybe we want it to be 150 pixels. Then we can create a grid template column. So we can have both grid template areas and a grid template column. So here I'm going to write grid template columns and I'm going to specify here, maybe I want this one fractional unit for those first three and then 150 pixels for that sidebar. So now as I'm resizing this page, the sidebar there, the third box remains fixed, but the other content is still resizing in those fractional units. There's a shortcut that also shipped with grid, that's the repeat function. So instead of writing one FR three times, I can write repeat three one FR and we get the same results here. So I'm just simply short handing this if you have a lot of items in your grid, maybe you have like a 12 by grid where you specify each column and you have things flowing into multiple columns like I have here with the footer, header and main. That really makes it a lot easier to write out these grid templates with this little shortcut. So we can also write out the rows. So I can write grid template rows. And then here I'm going to maybe make this auto 300 pixels and 100 pixels just to give it some dimension. So you could see how it's shifting in the space. We've now given some physical fixed space for that main area and sidebar in the footer. And then this header is taking the auto of the content within it, the automatic spacing, which is just right above this text value itself. Finally, we can make this look a little bit neater by using a single unit value. So instead of writing header, I'm just gonna command D to select all these. I can use a shorthand like H. For main, I'm just going to use letter M. For sidebar, I'm just gonna use an S. And then for footer here, I'm going to select this all and use an F. And this makes it really easy to see the entire grid and how it's laid out. And I think a fun way to do this also is to use emoji. So if I select right here, I'm just using the command tool to select all at the same time. I'm gonna hit backspace and then open up my emoji panel here. Maybe I wanna select a shoe to represent footer. So here I have an ice skate to represent the footer. So this totally works. And it's just a fun way to really represent the space that is really clear, like what you're looking at. It kind of gives you this mental shorthand. Maybe I want my main space to be what you're, you know, looking the most content. So the ta-da, why not? The sidebar, we could use arrows for this too. So I could use an arrow that points out. So it's like over here on the side. And then for the header, why not just use a little smiley right there? So I've selected all these. I'm opening up this template panel. And there we go, a smiley face is my header. So you can use emoji in your CSS. And I think it works particularly well in Grid because these are sort of single unit values that represent a lot of information. And it's a little bit more clear than just letters which you can forget what they mean. They could override other meanings. So I like seeing it all sort of laid out like this. Grid introduces a few new interesting capabilities that give even more options for building responsive designs. Here's an example of creating a responsive grid without the use of media queries like the example of Flexbox that media queries. In this demo, we're using the autofill keyword with a minmax function to create responsive boxes. We have 10 boxes here placed within the body which is where we're going to be creating our grid again. And so if we look at the CSS there, you can see that we have this grid template columns but we're using this autofill and a minmax function here. When I resize this page, you can see that these items are stretching until they hit a certain point and then they break to then display at a smaller size but with more items within that row. And so what we're doing here is we're in these columns specifying that the minimum size of these elements is 250 pixels. And when it gets smaller than that to break and then fill that space, one fractional unit of the remaining space. So if it hits 250, then we could add more items on the page and see it's saying 250. We can now have three items horizontally on the page within that row. So this is really cool because you are getting this responsiveness automatically. If I change this minimum size to 100 pixels, you'll see that more quickly we're filling up that space as we resize these values. Now what autofill does here is it fills the row with as many columns as it can. If they take up less space than allotted, then you'll see where that ends. So if I make this a much smaller value, say we set that to 40 pixels, as I stretch this out, you'll see that there is space on the right that it's not filling in. But if I change this to autofit, what's gonna happen is that's actually gonna stretch to fill the space regardless of what size that container is because we're telling it to stretch out. Autofit fits the columns into the row by stretching them so that they take up the full available space of the row. So this would be like if you applied the flex property, flex one to each of these children so that they would stretch to fit the space. Media queries, again, can be very useful when making multiple changes on a page. But flex and grid can provide their own macro and micro layout systems that adjust algorithmically and apart from specified media queries. Media queries do now go far beyond sizing alone. I wanna show you an example of using the prefers color scheme media query to showcase a dark theme on the web. In a previous episode, we talked about using custom properties for theming and we can use those same concepts and update those custom properties based on media queries. So remember this data tables demo where we have a data table example, this layout. So inside of our code, instead of adjusting these properties with JavaScript, I'm going to write a media query that says at media prefers color scheme dark. And so here we're updating the root properties just based on this prefers color scheme. So what does that look like? Well, right now we're seeing this light theme, but if I go into my system preferences on my computer, it's in general, I can change the appearance to dark and doing that will automatically change the color scheme here to the dark theme. And so we can do this all inside of our CSS. I've set up this media query here based on the color scheme preference. Responsive layouts help us build applications with user experiences more tailored to our customer's devices and personalized needs. I hope today's show helped you discover some of the ways that we can layout our applications and how responsive design extends past screen size alone. What are your favorite responsive experiences? Or what do you hope to see more of as technology gets more and more advanced on the web? Leave a comment below, we'd love to hear what you think. Until next time.