Alright, I guess we're ready to start. So thanks everyone for coming. I really appreciate it I know we're at the end of the conference people are probably catching flights soon, but I love seeing so many people here It's been an awesome conference. I really enjoyed it. I hope all you guys did so Yeah, I'm here today to talk about wire guard and the future of cloud networking So with that we'll go ahead and get started Just a bit of info about me. So I'm Alex Faisley I'm from Asheville, North Carolina. It's a beautiful town if you've never been there You know move there during the remote work era. I love being there. We're a completely virtual team So no reason to be in a hub anymore in my opinion at least Yeah, in my personal life. I am a music hobbyist. I like making music on the computer and Piano, I'm kind of terrible at guitar, but I try to do it a little bit if I can Yeah, and my background technically I was at IBM as a DevOps engineer doing Multicloud and data science infrastructure. I did similar stuff with Crossvale, which is a Red Hat partner So I got to do some really cool big projects there as well Yeah, and then I went and founded NetMaker So that's what I've been doing for a few years now, but that's not what the talk is about So I'll get started talking about wire guard, but NetMaker is a wire guard virtual networking platform Okay, so with that I'll go ahead and get started So we'll talk about a little bit is VPNs Kind of the rise and demise of them in the popular mindset We'll then go into what the new sort of popular mindset in the culture is in the zero trust We'll move on to wire guard and how it changes the game in terms of how we think about VPNs and Then I'll give you a quick demo just of what wire guard looks like in case you're not familiar with it and we'll talk about Where you can actually go to bring wire guard into your organization and how you can start implementing it Then we'll wrap up with a brief Q&A and that'll be it. So okay Getting started VPNs. What are they? I'm sure most of you guys are pretty familiar if you're in this talk but just trying to keep it very simple and maybe Get around some of the misconceptions of what a VPN is So it's a virtual private network and it's very simplest form. It's like encrypted tunnels between devices and Typically creates secure connections over the internet So we have some thoughts around what a VPN is Conceptually, but in its simplest form you could have just two devices each one has a virtual address on it and It encrypts the traffic on device a sends it over to device B and there you go That's a VPN, but it takes many many other forms obviously so in terms of more Popular conceptions of a VPN. There's you know, kind of the private internet access Thought around VPN, which is what most personal users probably think when they think VPN So you have some provider you are encrypting the data Sending it over to that provider and then they forward it on to the internet for you Very similarly if you're in the corporate space, you're probably more familiar with a remote access VPN Which is basically the same thing, but rather than go to the internet You're going to your corporate resources, whatever those are Encrypting the traffic on your device Going to a server and then on into the corporate network. So those are kind of the two most common ones But moving on from there. There's a lot of other different types of VPNs different ways of implementing them They can take pretty much any arbitrary configuration to form whatever Topology you're trying to create with your network So you probably heard site-to-site where you're mostly forwarding traffic between routers rather than to the end user devices So that site a can talk to site B and vice versa and that can take many many sites Or you could have something more modern like a mesh VPN so this is less known I think in the popular mindset and Also doesn't have really a fixed terminology yet because it's I think relatively new in the space So in this case you still have that original thing of just device a talks device B but in this case you have many devices and you're basically forming a Subnet of those devices where each device has a direct connection to the other devices So this can be very helpful if you're trying to form Basically a virtual LAN between all of the devices wherever they are and not have to route through any additional devices So a short timeline on kind of where it was popularly I'd say nearly two thousands it was rising with the rise of the internet as people started using the internet more Corporations realized. Oh, we have to send data over the internet Let's encrypt that keep it safe Moving on into the 2010s it gets more into commercial adoption So you have more private VPNs showing up people realize pretty much the same thing We want to keep our data safe as it moves from our devices to the internet stop hackers malicious actors all that sort of stuff and also, you know, maybe you want to visit a website in Some country and it's not allowed in that country so a good way to do that and then moving on into kind of the current era is we've Seem to move past VPNs at least in the corporate space in terms of what we want to implement in the personal space obviously still very very popular and Still pretty much used everywhere at every corporation. You're gonna have a VPN likely today, but When you get to the decision-making side of things it's moved on a bit and That pretty much I would say came from zero trust which obviously is extremely important today But as zero trust rose as a concept and a framework We moved on to say that VPNs are now legacy They're not dynamic. They're very difficult to configure. They're very static They slow you down because they encrypt your traffic depending on how much compute they take up You can get a lot of latency. So not good for high data transfer scenarios And they're not secure and that's really come out of the zero trust framework Which is you know perimeter security is not enough You can't just encrypt traffic on devices because if someone compromises that device, you're no longer secure If the CEO of corporation if their device gets hacked And their VPN has access to everything that person has access to everything. So That's kind of why we said okay VPNs are now old guard. We're moving on to more zero trust type products and frameworks And you see a lot of quotes like that all over which is basically VPNs are now obsolete As we move into the zero trust world VPNs will no longer exist So just a short bit on zero trust here So it's a framework for getting security down to very very fine level and making sure that every request is verified So you're moving far past device level security So you start from zero access and you build it up for every request and for every resource whether that's an app or a Server or a user whatever they are they all have an identity anytime they make a request It gets verified you check their access controls and only then do you move on to the resource? So that's basically the idea and I want to talk a little bit about Problems with zero trust and it's not a problem with the framework It's more about the implementation because it is a big change for a lot of organizations And it's a pretty difficult thing to implement Zero trust in a difference into being a framework is a mindset and a culture shift similar to like DevOps or agile You're not just putting zero trust into your organization You are changing the way your organization thinks about security entirely Beyond that you're Moving You're putting the security on every single device and it touches everything that your business does so to really do zero trust It's a lot of effort. So that's not a problem of zero trust itself It's more of a problem in how do we implement it because similar to DevOps if you hire a DevOps engineer That doesn't mean you're doing DevOps. You have to change your whole processes to implement it correctly So i'm going to get back to that a little bit, but I want to move on to wire guard what it is and what it enables So wire guard is a relatively new vpm protocol not super new at this point, but new relative to other vn protocols It's low level So it allows you to create virtual interfaces on the device, but it's not doing a lot a lot of higher level things It's very small very low level by design It's now linux native. It's built into the linux kernel. So if you're running any modern distribution Your wire guard enabled on that device by default also runs on windows You can put it on iot embedded devices. It can go pretty much anywhere And it's extremely small. It's extremely fast. So if you configure it correctly you can get Very similar latency that you could get to an unencrypted connection not exactly the same but very close, which is fantastic Um, and because it's low level and very simple. It's also extremely configurable You can do a lot with it, which we'll talk about shortly And it uses very very modern encryption, which is also great and particularly the asymmetric keys allow you to Make sure that you're not just passing out a key and it has access to something You have to trade keys between devices, which gives you a much higher level of security between any devices So, you know if I Steal a public key from somewhere. I'm not going to have access to the resource that resource must also have my public key in order to Allow that access So a brief history on wire guard jason donnenfeld created it in 2015 It was very quickly realized to be A great protocol something that could easily replace legacy vpns Linus torvalds called it a work of art compared to previous vpn protocol implementations So he worked very quickly to get it into the linux kernel Which happened in 2020 And from there it got into pretty much every device you can imagine so on free bsd mac windows It can run Across the board pretty easily and there's user space implementations Go laying written implementations. So it's great and it's very ubiquitous um Not really in 2021. I just had to put a date there, but um as wire guard Was found to be a very great protocol people started to use it to do very interesting new patterns So the mesh vpn people started using wire guard to do that It's also started to get built into some of these zero trust products as the way to secure the devices And getting to today it's gotten to a pretty ubiquitous point So, you know, if you're doing kubernetes c and i's can in trip crypt traffic over wire guard now and A lot of the major vpn providers in the personal space have also shifted to using wire guard So it's getting to be pretty much everywhere, but it's still Underneath, you know, I'd say the popular mindset it's not Risen to the level of let's say Containers so containers in the compute space You can think of how lxc kind of is where Most people don't really know what lxc is and how it enables all of these amazing things that we do Uh, so how does wire guard interact with this change in our mindset around VPNs so vpns are slow vpns are legacy vpns are very hard to configure and static And most importantly they grant too much access So with wire guard you get extremely high speeds. It's extremely configurable and embedded in a lot of devices by default now because of the mutual key exchange you do get a higher level of trust And it can complement zero trust, which is what i'm going to get to next. It's not an either or scenario It's something that can help with your implementations and or maybe be the first way that you go about it If you're starting out, um Yeah, so wire guard enables you to create very arbitrary networks if you've got iot devices in the field If you've got a multi cloud scenario If you've got site to site wire guard can be implemented in pretty much any of those And it allows you to build a much more secure perimeter at the device level than you could previously because of how Low level it is and because it's really about going device to device um So with that wire guard is a great base layer For building a secure network. It's not Going to be zero trust because it is at the device layer But by starting with wire guard, which is perhaps a lot simpler to implement Something you can implement on a case by case basis It's a great way to start That let's just do a real quick demo of what wire guard looks like. So i've just got Two devices here. Uh, i'll just log into those Okay So here i've got a server in new york and a server in sydney I want to securely access an api running on server b from server a i don't want to expose that api or i don't want to bind that api to the public interface I just want to have it be secure over the vpn and not worry about it so I have in here The wire guard config files already set up and i'm just going to show you what that looks like I shall I guess i'll cat that makes more sense and This is kind of the quick way to get wire guard up and running it wire guard is actually run with you know More linux native commands, but this is kind of there's a helper script to let you get it up going quicker But you'll see the commands it runs And this can visually show you what a wire guard setup looks like So on server a i have an address for it So it's going to create a virtual interface with a ip address of <IP_ADDRESS> um I have defined a private key for this device Which I shouldn't be showing you guys, but there it is And there is the listen port that is reachable over And then I have to also define the peer that it is going to access Because I need to know it's public key and it needs to know mine So I in order to reach another device. I need to know it's public key I need to know the address to reach I also over the private network. What is its private network address? I also need to know its public network endpoint So what's going to be the route over the internet to take in addition the port? Oh interesting, and I actually misconfigured that but it still works and I can explain that as well um, so same thing on the other one, so They basically traded public keys. You have to take public key from one put on the other vice versa and add all this information in So we'll do a quick wg quick up for those who are familiar with it On device a and device b I don't want to do it down And you can see the commands. It's actually running there So what it's doing is adding a new interface of type wire guard It is adding a IP address to that interface And it is adding a route for the other device So I should be able to ping that Let's find out. Okay, cool And actually so one of the good things with wire guard is even though I got that port misconfigured there as long as one device Is able to reach the other device then you can establish a connection and it can keep going from there So that endpoint could have been totally screwed up and they're still able to get to each other Um, so now I have that running. I'm just going to run a Docker container with a hello world rest endpoint on it So it's attached to that virtual interface And so this isn't going to be reachable over the public. So if I I think I have in there So if I try to ping it over this guy, that's not going to work ideally Not reachable and then we ping over that private endpoint and There you go So that's like the tiniest tiniest possible use case It goes back to that original definition of what is a vpn which at its smallest form You've got two devices private connection between the two with the private address on them So that's that And let me get back to here Okay, so moving on from there How can you go and take like something like this and put it into your organization or get started with it? Um, so the great thing about it is it's really easy to implement for small setups and easy to get going Um, and it works across a very good variety of use cases So site to site if you're looking to put this on routers, uh, you can set that up In a matter of like an hour just configuring it to put two routers together. You make a private tunnel like that And you're good to go remote access a little bit more work So you're gonna probably create a gateway, but it could be remote access to a particular device Um, and then overlay networks you can also do something like that where you have a bunch of point-to-point connections Obviously in that case it starts to get a lot more complex. So let's say you have 10 devices or 100 If you look at those config files I created Imagine you have to know the end points of 100 different devices the ports of them Imagine if any of those devices changes networks imagine if one of them is behind a cgnat It starts to get incredibly complicated when you go to scale So we'll talk about that a little bit But at least at the small level with the smaller setups you can get going on your own pretty easily So just looking in that a little bit as maybe an IT administrator. You've got a Corporate landscape that includes a lot of different scenarios traffic going between data centers offices clouds machines iot devices And you know, you're starting trying to figure out where to get started with that But you don't have to go with everything all at once you can say, okay This needs access to this this needs access to this and start setting up those tunnels So it starts to get a little bit more simple Especially when you start thinking about it as what it is which is a virtual network So you've now created this perimeter Where the devices have access to just what they should have access to which is great But there are limitations on wire guard because it is low level Wire guard is very small and simple by design, which is fantastic. It should be But because of that it hasn't built in a lot of the things that you are probably looking for if you're implementing network security You don't have a concept of identity. You don't have a concept of sessions So I created those tunnels. Those are going to be alive until I kill them You know, it's not at the service level. It's at the device level So if you're trying to secure just an api You know, you probably want some more firewall rules around that you want it to be about specific ports And there's no discovery or automation built into it. So like I showed with setting up those config files It's going to be a lot of work if you start going to scale And the most important part which is why zero trust is so important is it does not account for compromised devices So if you get access to one of these devices inside wire guard network, it's still going to be able to access the other devices Luckily there are solutions that allow you to start building on wire guard and To implement these more complex concepts. So some have already been built by various companies But there's also a lot of open source projects that let you get going So if you're looking to do this a organization, you can probably find some form of automation That lets you get going. I've talked to a lot of people who use terraform or ansible To generate these config files and push them out to devices and it works great for them And for a lot of people that's going to be the right solution. So that is fantastic as well So going forward into what you really want to get to is you have this very very secure perimeter Which you can build very easily with wire guard where devices have access to just the devices that they should have access to And on top of that you're adding on a layer of identity and of sessions where you're able to make sure that If something goes well, not if something goes wrong when something goes wrong that devices or that Identities only have access to the things that they should have access to that things get expired that things get kicked out So that's really what you're building towards but you can start with this very very simple implementation So, okay made very good time there. So wrapping up on q and a and takeaways Let's do a quick bit here. So Yeah, vpns used to be the thing With the rise of zero trust and other frameworks Vpns are now considered and at least the popular mindset to be legacy But there's still a very important thing as a form of device level security And the wire guard protocol is the way to do that going forward. It is the Embedded way of doing this on linux. It's extremely fast. It's efficient and it just makes sense So that's pretty much what I've got for you guys My name is alex visely Uh Yeah, I'm happy to answer any questions. I left probably too much time for questions, but that's totally fine Before we do I want to do one thing. That's really fun. So Netmaker is a project that's built on top of wire guard that Is currently On the sspl license, which is no good So today we're going to just go ahead and switch that over to apache So i'm going to go here and find that pull request Oh, look, there it is Hey, abhishek. Is it squash and merge or do I do the other one? Okay Cool. All right, there we go net makers open source now. Sounds pretty cool So thank you guys happy to answer any questions you might have So I I'm currently using tails. By the way, I'm not terribly network sophisticated.  I'll be checking this out for sure, but tail scale has the So one thing I just noticed is like a lot of what I get out of tail scale is Automating all that stuff that you just showed in terms of the config and stuff and that's cool But so there's the idea of being able to configure an exit node. Um, is that About wire guard or is that some additional magic on the side? That's a little bit of additional magic. So in that case you're Exiting it's called an exit node because that's where the traffic exits So it is unencrypted at that point and then forward it on to the wherever you're going from there So that can be very simple forwarding rules. So for instance, if you're doing this with pure wire guard I could have set that up on Machine be like I did there. So for instance, it's in a vpc So I could have added an additional Address to that which is the vpc address and then put a firewall rule that just says once the traffic gets here Forward it to the vpc and then device a is now able to reach Device b's vpc using that as the exit node Great. Thank you Any other questions? If we have time could you Tell us more about the net maker Yeah, I don't yeah, I didn't want to be like a Corporate guy just pushing our own thing. But um, yeah, so we're really an automation Layer on top of wire guard meant to do the sort of things that I talked about so for instance Well, let's talk about the architecture a little bit So you think about kubernetes. You have a control plane and you have nodes and on the control plane You have an api and you're declaratively saying this is what My Cluster should look like. Um, this should be created here. This should be created here. This should be changed like this So we do something very similar where we have a control plane, which is the server that also has a nice little ui so you can log in But you can all do it over api as well and you create networks on side inside of That platform so for instance You create various subnets and then you create keys for joining the network our agent then Registers with the network it generates a private key on the device sends the public key to the server So you're never exposing the public key And then once the agent's running it's able to handle this sort of discovery aspect So for instance, it reaches out to a stun endpoint to determine its public endpoint and tells the server Hey, this is where I live. This is where I'm reachable And then the server pushes out that to all the other devices in the network So they know where to reach it in addition to the public key So by default it's creating a mesh vpn So it's basically a subnet Of all of your devices which could be in multiple clouds data centers iot devices You have one private subnet or they can all reach each other But on top of that it adds in things like access controls where if you think of you know that thing with the um Tunnels there Where is that? Right, so this is what it's building by network by default, but then you can also say I don't want that tunnel anymore. Let's click that one off or that one So you're able to define which devices have access to which other devices directly And then you can also do things like you mentioned with an exit node You declare one machine as an exit node. It then sets up the firewall rules to say All right, this machine down here is in aws I want the other machines in the network to be able to access the vpc So for the traffic into there that was all very technical in terms of like practical use cases. I think for the 90 percent of people today their use cases tend to be remote access So it makes setting up a remote access situation very easily So you put point a point b Make it exit into that network. Boom. You've got remote access using wire guard So that's just a simple use case, but it allows you to create I guess infinitely complex topologies for your networks I have a question on the scalability of wire guards. Let's say I have 64 hosts and I want a full mesh So more the hosts can talk with each other. Yeah, would that Work by default or are there some tweaks I have to do? No, it's super efficient on the routing side. So 64 is not even slightly a problem I think when you start getting into the tens of thousands of devices You might have to think about it a little bit, but Yeah, until that point there's not really any concern with scalability sure What is your feedback regarding Issues that you could have since because it's built within the kernel Whenever you have an issue, it's a bit difficult to identify Comparing to two other tools which produce classical logs In in in my case it is Deployed it works well But sometimes for strange reasons It fades and I can only solve the problems with a simple restart. Yeah. Yeah, that's very fair and So it's worth mentioning while wire guard is built into the linux kernel And actually they also have a kernel version for windows, which is really cool They also have a user space version So actually that's a decision point that you as the administrator have to make because the kernel version is more efficient But the user space version is more secure. So for instance tail scale they I believe by default use a user space implementation of wire guard So by doing that you're able to lock down. I'm not really talking about issues with connectivity here I'm just talking about security. I'd say that's really the main consideration with running kernel wire guard is You do need to run it in the kernel, which gives you a lot more permissions than maybe you might want But you can run it in user space as well Yeah, I maybe that didn't answer your question, but just addressing some of the things about kernel versus non-kernel Sure Yeah, um, yeah, and I don't want to you know get in too much of a corporate matchup or anything like that, but a In general that maker is a self-hosted platform We do also have a sass version if you don't like to set up infrastructure But the real value there is all of the data is on your infrastructure That's that's primarily the value So I know some people just for compliance reasons. They don't want to have a sass Running their VPN. So I'd say that's the main thing. The one other thing is I'd say We are Built for more technical people. I'd say it's much more about Configuring exactly how you want your network to be defined, you know, you set ports you set endpoints if you want And lots of other little configurations Whereas I think maybe I'm not going to speak for tail scale or anything, but you know, they definitely have a much Nicer more hideaway those aspects User experience where you don't really have to know what wire guard is to run it. You're just running a VPN. So Yeah, there's definitely and there's other products Because I don't want to you know put us out there. So like Zero tier is not Built on wire guard. They have their own protocol, but it is still very efficient. I believe it's built on noise, which is similar So they're also a very good one for building these kind of modern VPN type networks and there's a few others in the space so You know there I think each one has maybe a little bit of a specialty on what you're focused on any other questions Well, if not, I hope everyone Enjoys the rest of the conference, which I think is about done at this point But I hope you have a good trip home and thanks for listening to my talk Thank you


Good afternoon everyone and welcome welcome to stocks with showmark review to review her the qqqs They came in a smidgen today. We're getting into the close. Let's see how we close here into the next five minutes of the day less than that here Came down to 104 today could have held 105 holding 104 on support So earlier today, I said that the market looked like it was going to hold first thing this morning. It didn't Hold the low of the day which was set in the first five minutes It came down broke it time of the day that it actually broke the low that was late 12 o'clock major reversal time. Okay. I don't know if it's an instigator for this again It doesn't matter came down here into two o'clock major reversal time bounced and it's holding into the close So we're gonna hold today and close the bottoming tail body will be read by the time we close But this still is embarrassed And this will be a spot to buy more a lot of people think we're coming all the way into these deeper levels in here In the qqqs people are think we're gonna come in all the way into 100 and we're I don't see that happening We're just not going to come in like that. It's just not going to happen So there was some people doing some profit-taking here into the day We look like we could open neutral tomorrow or gap up I don't see a gap down setting up in the market for tomorrow morning into the open overnight I think we're gonna hold in here and rally and still make a new high this week I said in the video yesterday There's nothing that the market can do this week is bearish know that this moves and drop down today Into the afternoon at 12 o'clock is not bearish and it's actually almost a hundred percent retraced it here under the clothes In fact Open was 105 11 The Amount of the red today if we close here, which we're not yet, but we're going to soon will be about 50 cents okay that's just not bearish and You'll have days like this one red bar does not make a bearish move or a top So we kind of broken out immediately higher But we did get down this morning Didn't really go anywhere held in support and it looks like we're gonna continue up on through I have to see where we gap tomorrow morning Whether we got neutral up or down again It would be very heart free to believe we're gonna gap down tomorrow morning Could it happen sure anything can happen But right now the market is so bullish that there is nothing that this can do to make me not See bullishness all over the planet This is just such a bullish market and it's setting up to get ready to make another move higher Everything it's doing is getting ready to go higher. There's nothing that it's doing here to not go higher every move that this market makes Every teeny bit of red gets bought and everything it does So it's continually setting up to move higher people are calling to sell off into the end of the year I don't see that happening people are calling to come in all the way into 100 or the 50 period moving average here I don't see that happening Let me just look at one thing here quickly This is gonna be the last of it here I was saying once we get up over 108 We're gonna blow if this holds here tomorrow, and I don't know if it does but there's a good chance it will if this holds here Tomorrow, this is continuing higher If this holds in this placement here if this holds where we closed today here it is I'm just pointing right at it.  I just want to see what that area was that we closed out So markets very bullish Every time I read something out there and people keep calling the market to crash or they sell say take profits I say to myself why are people telling people to do this when the market's higher and People are gonna feel regret for selling out of their longs But people tell people to do that to create panic and fear and people buy into the panic and fear suck it all up and Then just believe everything everyone says. I don't ask you to believe everything I say I want you to think about what I'm saying and if you think about what I'm saying it makes sense and the price Action coordinates that there's nothing bearish that happened here today We almost a hundred percent retrace the drop-off and we would have if we wouldn't have closed at four o'clock So look for a neutral or up gap in the market tomorrow. I'd be shocked if we have a gap down even if we do It's not gonna go anywhere There's nothing bearish it's setting up here in the market not even after today And for all I know this happened for a reason all that I didn't go back and look at it I'll look it up in the morning But I just want to look at the peer-to-peer price action determine what I think of this It was a mini pulling to support like everyone we've ever had barely anything at all for a pull-in And if people are expecting a monster pulling to buy at some number like 100 I don't see that happening for people to get it so the market could set up as a buy set up tomorrow or gap up Into a beautiful golden bullish gap. I don't know what it does in the morning I will read it in the morning and see But this market's very strong and will continue higher and make a new high and it's still setting up to do it This week it's only Monday and it is three more weeks left in the air, which is a lot of time This is Melissa at the stocks wish comm if you'd like more information Email me and Melissa at the stocks wish calm the last golden gas class of the year if you want to learn how to trade is this weekend December 13th and 14th email me and Melissa at the stocks wish comm if you would like to sign up This is your last chance to learn how to trade gas for the end of the year. Have a great day everyone


A control system manages commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a from a staff controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. For continuously modulated control, the feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation. The control system compares the value or status of the process variable PV being controlled with the desired value or set point ESP and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the set point. For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com. This is 2020 Panini Prism No Huddle Football two box break, random team number two, where every spot gets you two random teams. No veteran commonship. The way we're gonna do this is, here's your customer list from Joshua Browning down to Joshua Browning last spot mojo. We're gonna copy this list and double it up since every spot gets you two teams. So Joshua Browning last spot mojo, Joshua Browning last spot mojo and back up and the teams from the Cardinals down to the Washington football team. Dice roll to randomize both lists and pair them up three to one, four times. One, two, three, and fourth and final time from Ming Cambrian down to Greg Dilecki. Four times on the teams. One, three, and fourth and final time from the Chicago Bears down to the Kansas City Chiefs. There we go. So let's see how it all turned out for everybody. Trade window will be open. If anybody here in the break would like to trade. So Ming Cambrilyn with the Bears, Jeff Brooks with the Packers, Matthew Walker with the Rams, Josh Hillmanowski with the Cardinals, Kevin Hull with the Patriots, Walter Lutz with the Browns, Matthew Walker with the Titans, Kevin Hull with the Washington football team, Joshua Browning with the Lions, Justin Perry with the Saints, Knight Bond with the Falcons, James Smee with the Texans, Ming Cambrilyn with the Steelers, Michael Sclifani with the Eagles, Josh Hillmanowski with the Buccaneers, Brett Rogers with the Cowboys, Greg Dilecki with the Seahawks and the Dolphins. Congrats on the Dolphins. Joshua Browning with the Bills, Michael Sclifani with the Jets, Justin Perry with the Vikings, Brian Swarthuit with the Panthers, Jeff Brooks with the Ravens, Joshua Browning with the Jaguars, James Smee with the Giants, Joshua Browning with the Colts, Knight Bond with the Chargers, Congrats, Knight. Brian Swarthuit with the Raiders, Brett Rogers with the 49ers, Greg Dilecki with the Broncos, Walter Lutz with the Bangles, Congrats, Walter. And Greg Dilecki with the Chiefs. Let's go ahead and box this up and sort by team. Trade window is open. If anybody's in here, let me know to trade. But while we're doing that, here's the full list. We gotta figure out which boxes we're gonna do. So I'm gonna switch over real quick. You can see two giant stacks over here on the Nick Cam. There's actually nine total. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and nine right up here on top. You can't see it, but right there, nine. So we're gonna do one through nine. We're gonna do the stacks across. So this is stack nine here. That's stack eight, stack seven, stack six, so on and so forth all the way up. We're gonna come over here to random.org. Open up a homepage and do a random number generator between one and nine to figure out which one we're doing. So we're doing stack two. Cleveland Browns are up for trade just in case anybody's listening right now. So stack two, I'm gonna take down the top two stacks so we can see and we're gonna take this one and put it right back up. So there you go. So now we have stack two. These other eight stacks are gonna be for the future two box breaks, which the next one is in the store now. So let's get those out of the way. Walter doesn't look like anybody who wants to trade, so let's print and rip, see what's in here. Good luck guys. I'm finishing up. I've got two more breaks to do after this, most likely, and then that's it. So it's probably another, it's gonna probably be around two o'clock. But I am gonna be on Instagram only tomorrow and Monday. So if it's too late, I'm sorry. I'm just trying to get the site cleared so that we can do, because case breaks, YouTube, we're not gonna be doing for the next two days after today. Okay, cool, yeah, I'm good to go. 100%. No, I'm all good, thank you very much though. Not a big coffee drinker actually. Okay, you got it. All good, buddy. Case, we had a Kyler Murray mark in the first one of the day. Then the second case, we had a Montana and a Brady. Both, it's pretty cool. Good luck everybody. Tyler Boyd, 279 for the Bengals. Bengals, Walter Lutz. Xavier McKinney for the Giants. James Smith. Jerry Judy, emergent, no huddle. Broncos, Greg Delechey and Joe Burrow for the Bengals, Walter Lutz. There you go, Walter. Tyreek Hill, fireworks, no huddle. For the Chiefs, Greg Delechey and, geez. Joe Burrow, negative, no huddle. Bengals, Walter. Derrick Brown, Panthers. Brian Swarthut, Jelani Tava'i to 35 for the Lions. Joshua Browning, Isaiah Simmons for the Cardinals. Josh Hillmanowski, Wright Walter. Congrats, man. Michael Thomas for the Saints, Justin Perry. Devin Duvernay for the Ravens, Jeff Brooks. Julio Jones, Falcons the Night Bond. Justin Simmons for the Broncos, Greg Delechey. Ben Danucci for the Cowboys, Brett Rogers. Jelani Tava'i, Red, I think now you need to get the entire rainbow out of 50 for the Lions, Joshua Browning. Ross Blacklock for the Texans, James Smith. Zequiel Elliott, Cowboys, Brett Rogers. Claiborne Chase on Jaguars, Joshua Browning. Last spot, Mojo. Miles Garrett for the Browns. Walter Lutz, Mark Andrews, Ravens, Jeff Brooks and Cam Acres for the Rams. Matthew Walker. So we still should have an auto in this box. Derwin James to 79 for the Chargers, Night Bond. Michael Pittman Jr. for the Colts, Joshua Browning. Adam Thielen for the Vikings, Justin Perry. DJ Dallas for the Seahawks, Greg Delechey. Kenneth Murray for the Chargers, Night Bond. That's my team. Jared Pinkney for the Falcons, Night Bond. And Dante Culpepper Pink, 11 out of 15. Jersey number hit there for you. For the Vikings and Justin Perry. Jalen Johnson for the Bears, Ming Camberlin. 100% Dustin, I mean, I don't think that's not even a question, right? Jalen Hertz, Emergent. Eagles, Michael Sclafani. AJ Dillon for the Packers, Jeff Brooks. Cameron Jordan for the Saints, Justin Perry. Antoine Onefield Jr. for the Buccaneers. Josh Hilmanowski, Michael Ohamudia, Red. 250 for the Broncos, Greg Delechey. JK Dobbins for the Ravens, Jeff Brooks. Tom Brady, Buccaneers. Josh Milnowski, Chad Johnson for the Bengals, Walter Lutz. Bradley Anayi for the Cowboys, Brett Rogers. And Leviska Shnalt Jr. for the Jaguars. Josh Browning, last spot mojo. Anthony McFarland for the Steelers. And Ming Camberlin. I'll still, I'm still going, but with the Browns. I'd say it's, I'd say a touchdown is good. You get Nick Chubb and Karim Hunt. They still have it, David and Joku. Who else are there, tight ends? Grady Jarrett, Blue to 79. For the Falcons, Knight Bond. Grant Delpit for the Browns. Walter Lutz, Patrick Mahomes for the Chiefs. Greg Delechey, Daniel Hunter. Vikings, Justin Perry. Damon Arnett for the Raiders. It's going to Brian Swarthut. Austin Eckler for the Chargers, Knight Bond. And Brandon Ayuk, negative. For the 49ers and Brett Rogers. Jonathan Taylor for the Colts. Joshua Browning. Michael Olhamudia to 35. For the Broncos, Greg Delechey. Threl Taylor for the Seahawks, Greg Delechey. Kenny Galladay, Lyons, Joshua Browning. And Marlon Davidson for the Falcons and Knight Bond. T. Higgins, Emergent. For the Bengals, Walter Lutz. Joey Bosa, Chargers, Knight Bond. Cole Comet for the Bears, Meen, Cameron. Xavier McKinney to 79. For the Giants, James Smee and Jordan Love. For the Packers, Jeff Brooks. Javon Curse, Titans, Matthew Walker. Tyler Johnson for the Buccaneers. Josh Hillmanowski. Josh Allen for the Bills, Joshua Browning. And Troy Polamolo for the Steelers, Ming Camberlin. Trel Lewis for the Rams, finishes off that stack. That was from Matthew Walker. Quarter, this should have one more auto in there. Nate Stanley Green, two out of five. Minnesota Vikings, Justin Perry, very nice. Trayvon Diggs for the Cowboys. Brett Rogers. Dalvin Cook for the Vikings, Justin Perry. Detroit Lions, Jeff Okuda, Joshua Browning. James Proche, Otto. For the Baltimore Ravens, Jeff Brooks. Michael Olomoudea for the Broncos. Greg Dilecki, what's up Matt? Marquise Brown for the Ravens, Jeff Brooks to 50. Lynn Bowden, Jr. for the Raiders. Brian Swarthit, did you see the one tonight Matt? Debo Samuel, 49ers, Brett Rogers. Jacob Eason for the Colts, Joshua Browning. Allen Lazard for the Packers, Jeff Brooks. Jordan Brooks for the Seahawks, Greg Dilecki. Austin Hooper to 79 for the Browns, Walter Lutz. AJ Terrell for the Falcons, Knight Bond. Ryan Fitzpatrick, throwing his magic today. For the Dolphins, Greg Dilecki. Joann Jennings for the 49ers, Brett Rogers. Kyler Murray for the Falcons, Josh Hilmanowski. T Higgins, again, for the Bengals and Walter Lutz and Josiah DeGuara for the Packers. And Jeff Brooks finishes it off. There you go guys, that was 2020 Panini Prism, no huddle, football, two box break, random team number two from jasviscasebreaks.com. I'm Sean, jasviscasebreaks.com. Thanks for hanging out, we'll see you next time.


Good morning. The topic of today's discussion is eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity. This is in line with the topic of the high level political forum for this year and the WISIS Action Line facilitators have worked together on a publication that focuses on this particular aspect. Let's listen to our WISIS Action Line facilitators and learn more about the key challenges, opportunities and trends that are featured for this year's WISIS Forum. Good morning, honey. You are facilitating WISIS Action Lines on e-agriculture and e-health with FAO and WHO. What are the benefits that ICTs bring to universal healthcare? Thank you, Jetangeli. We strongly believe that ICT can really make a transformative change in the health sector, particularly in achieving universal health coverage. It's basically all about empowering. Empowering people with the right information at the right time, regardless of who they are, where they are and their income level. It's all about making sure that they are getting access to basic information. They know where to get the quality service and also they get access to quality medicines. There are a lot of opportunities, also particularly when it comes to access to basic financial services and basic insurances that can really help them to mitigate any kind of risk. It's all about empowering people with those types of basic services that can really help them achieve universal care. Thank you, honey. You are facilitating this Action Line with WHO. Unfortunately, they could not be here with us today. Along with FAO, you're facilitating Action Line e-agriculture. Of course, food security is very crucial for achieving the sustainable development goals. What role can ICTs play there? Yes, absolutely. Again, for smallholder farmers particularly, many people are still living in rural areas and they don't have access to those types of basic information. What to grow, how to deal with plant diseases, how even to deal with their livelihood and how they increase their income and how they kind of mitigate risks about disasters and climate change impacts, etc. With the power of ICT, because it has this strong outreach, now everyone has a mobile phone and simply on his phone he can get the right information at the right time, customized based where he is with the right weather information, with the right alerts about disasters, etc. and also help them to better sell and buy products for his farms. So it can really have a transformative, again, change power to really change the conditions of lives in everywhere and really ensure that no one is left behind. Thank you, honey. Bhanu facilitates the Action Line C7 on eScience. And my question to you, Bhanu, is what role does eScience play in eradicating poverty? In fact, in order to understand this, we will have to essentially look back. When the HLP was formed, High Level Panel was formed and Alain J. Shreya-Liff, Social Law Banguang and Devin Cabaran were asked to put together review MDGs and also lay a foundation for SDGs. At that time itself, there was a unanimous conclusion that the MDG was failed to achieve only because the science was not properly ingrained or mainstreamed in all of the effort that the world put together. So that has brought a new context for science and technology as well as innovation in SDGs. And if you look at 2014 report, The World That Counts, in fact, SDGs now is very data hungry. Whether you look at, you know, also 2016 Global Sustainability Development report, where also the context of eScience has been brought forward as the principal vehicle to achieve a sustainable development goal by 2013. Thank you, Bhanu. We have Preetam Maloor, who is the Action Line Facilitator for C5 from the International Telecommunication Union. Preetam, what role does cyber security play in eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity? Thank you, Gitanjali. So the digital economy is obviously becoming a growing part of the overall global economy and that number is set to just grow up, go exponentially. And, you know, that will be a key driver for prosperity in the future. But it's also important to remember that, you know, it will be a driver only if people have trust in its use. And as we bring the remaining billions online, when the developing countries, the least developed countries come online, people from those countries, it's important that they retain their trust, you know, but or else without trust, you know, there is nothing. And we saw that the recent attacks, WannaCry attacks, which affected 150 countries. So these are incidents that we should all work together to, you know, mitigate the risk to make sure that it doesn't happen or we are resilient enough to bounce back. And that's where I see the value of the facilitation mechanism offered by Action Line C5. And I see a lot of great conversations happening in Mrs. Fordham 2017 and that. Thank you, Pritam. We have here with us David from UNESCO who facilitates the Action Line C3 access. In fact, access is crucial to implement any of the different Action Lines. David, what is your view on that? And I think it's your first time at the WSIS Forum. What do you think of it and how do you feel here? I feel great. It's amazing to have opportunity to exchange and discuss real topics. In particular concerning access, we're now trying to focus on how to provide the opportunity to everybody to participate in all the digital world which has been described. So what about trying to provide citizens with the necessary skills sometimes or even the confidence to understand the digital world. So this is really the topic that we also try to focus here. So in practice we are trying to promote this as a topic which also permeates into the education system for example so that people that are not only using the tools that are provided but also fully understand what does it mean to use tools so they can also understand what's behind. Like on topics like open data, on topics like cyber security and understand how IT is really changing their lives. This is crucial when you think about access for development because you go the next step, you don't limit yourself to use something but you really go into participating. Thank you very much. We heard from our colleagues who are facilitating the different action lines within the WISIS framework and how ICTs can play a crucial role in advancing the SDGs. UNESCO has organized several workshops at the WISIS forum this year and as you can see their entire team is here and they are also a co-organizer of the WISIS forum. Harrah is the coordinator of the WISIS process at UNESCO. Harrah what is the vision of UNESCO and what strategy do you see coming from UNESCO for implementing WISIS to achieve SDGs? Well the key word is universal access to information. If you have every citizen has access to information it consists of two components one is right to access the information, the platform, the ICT platform to access the information. UNESCO has very clearly defined its role and responsibility to have this universal access so that every citizen of the country have access and so that there is a direct link between access and eradication of the poverty. The more access, the more transparency, no corruption and the more visibility of the development process. So there is a clear link between universal access and also the eradication of poverty. SDGs clearly mention about this issue and if you have less poverty and more prosperity. So there is a clear link between UNESCO's approach objective that is universal access to information and eradication of poverty. We are working towards that with this big data or any other issue is directly linked to access, universal access. Thank you Harrah. This is exactly what the WISIS forum does. It provides us with a platform to work together and to ensure that we achieve the goals that are set within our respective organizations. Hello Yaroslav, you are the coordinator of the WISIS process at the ITU International Telecommunications Union. We are the host and the lead organizer of the WISIS forum. So what vision do you see from here and what are the plans for next year? Even though the WISIS forum is coordinated by the ITU, this is a real demonstration of the whole United Nations system joining together the forces in order to strengthen the implementation at different levels and also strengthening their action on the ICT component within the delivery for the sustainable development goals. Our reference point is the 2030 development agenda which clearly states that we have to work together in order to provide to the world the concrete solutions and the ITU is one of those. ICTs is not anymore the challenge, it provides the concrete solutions for advancing and the sustainable development. This is the reason why we welcomed greatly and the initiatives at the regional level of all stakeholders connecting the dots and building the partnerships, creating the forests which are discussing and best practices and advancing the implementation and providing also for those who are unconnected, those which are not part of the information knowledge society, the concrete solutions for getting into our society. Therefore we are looking forward to 2018 as the new opportunity for the whole WISIS stakeholder community to join us in Geneva or join us also remotely. Just to underline, more than 100,000 stakeholders were following this event remotely and they were contributing also in this way to our discussions in order to result with the concrete outcome of this forum to be put forward in the UN system for the further decision making process. Thank you. Thank you, Yaroslav. As we have heard from the UN Action Line facilitators and from the heads of UN agencies earlier during the WISIS forum, we stand committed as the UN system to ensure that ICTs play a crucial enabling role for the achievement of the SDGs. Thank you very much for listening in and please do visit our website www.wisis.org. Thank you.


Hello, welcome back to Why In The Morning. You have been watching us so far and I know that we had a nice little short intro before but that's because we've got wonderful stuff planned for you guys. And right now, this particular segment is for the health segment. It's called Health On Monday and it's with me, Joy Mochache. And you can find me and talk to me on specific platforms that's Joy Anderson Mochache. But if you would like to interact concerning this health segment and ask some questions because the topic for today is very interesting, especially if you're a lady or even if you're married or you're about to have a child, for example. Please interact with us going by hashtag Why In The Morning and hashtag Help On Monday and then go to our social media platforms, that's on Twitter and Facebook, Y254Channel and then on Instagram, Y254UnderscoreChannel and then ask whatever you'd like to ask or comment whatever you'd like to comment. And right now, I've got a wonderful nutritionist who's inside with us today and not only that he is well-versed in certain area that we're going to be discussing, but before I introduce him, I'd like to introduce the topic. Now as we had mentioned in the introduction before, I had said that in the next couple of days, we're going to be studying the month of August. And the month of August from the 1st of August to the 7th of August is going to be Breast Feeding Awareness Week, where we focus on bringing awareness and advocacy when it comes to breastfeeding and also assisting mothers who have difficulty in that area. And so that's why we found this a perfect moment to be discussing breast nutrition, child nutrition and mother nutrition. Sokari Bunisana, help me welcome my guest, Mr. Nahashon. Please tell us where you're working and also let us know exactly what you'd like us to refer you as. Thank you, Joy. Yes. My name is Mochukana Hashon, my baby. I'm a nutritionist. Nutritionist. I work in the Ministry of Health based in M County. Okay. And I'm very pleased to be with you today. Okay. To discuss this issue of breastfeeding. Yes. You know, we have so many mothers who actually don't know even how to breastfeed or they don't know the importance of this breastfeeding. We have also potential mothers who are coming and they would like to know the importance of breastfeeding and what are the difficulties and what they need about breastfeeding. I see. I see. And maybe before we can start, how long have you been working in this particular field so that our people know that they're in good hands? So that our people know that whatever information that they're getting today is great information coming from someone who knows exactly what he's saying. Okay. I've been working for around eight years. Eight years. I started working in 2011. 2011. Wow. Yes. Wow. Wow. So I know you're well-versed in this area. Yes. Okay. And before we start, what exactly does a nutritionist tend to cover? What areas do you tend to focus on on a day-to-day basis? On a day-to-day basis as a nutritionist, what we do in the hospital first is the clean care management. Okay. Clean care management is where you manage the conditions in relation to the food that you are supposed to eat. Okay. For example, we have conditions like diabetes, we have conditions like we have liver conditions, all that we we manage them. We in collaboration with the doctors as they manage the medical part, we do the nutrition part of it. As they manage the medical part, you manage the nutritional part of it. Yes, but you work as a team. You work as a team. You can't work alone. So it is that important. Yes. All right. I understand. And you know, when it comes to nutrition and breastfeeding, I'm thinking there's a link. Yes. There must be a link. Yes. What is the link between breastfeeding and nutrition? Let's start there. Okay. Breastfeeding, first of all, is the nutrition of the infant. Okay. Because if you look at how I can put it like this, breast milk, it's actually the food for the baby. Yes. And it is the ideal food that is provides growth and development for the infants. And that's why we have a policy in my wife's hand, the maternal infant nutrition that actually recommends that all children above, below six months, he should be breastfed exclusively. What do I mean by exclusive breastfeeding? Exclusive breastfeeding, this is where you feed the baby on breast milk alone without giving water, without giving any food, unless it is a drug that has been recommended by a practitioner. Right. And this breastfeeding alone without any water, without anything else, no juices, no this famous Uji and all the things we like to say and nutrition, nutrition is nutrition, nutrition is excuse me. Is there a period of time in which you have to do this? Come again. The period of time in which the mother has to do this, where she does exclusive breastfeeding. What is the period of time where she has to do exclusive breastfeeding? Before she introduces maybe things like water. Exclusive breastfeeding should be done from the day of birth until the baby reaches six months. Six months. Yes. Okay. I see. And you know those are interesting, as I was doing my research yesterday, is an interesting incident I came across where a man was talking about his mother being able to tell the difference between the children, there six of them, there's six children, three boys, actually all of them are boys, but three boys have been breastfed and the other three boys were not breastfed. Yes. But the mother can tell the difference, now that they're all grown up, this mother can tell the difference in all of them.  So what are some of the differences when it comes to, now that we've seen the importance of breastfeeding in the period of time, what are some of the differences that happens when children are not breastfed and when children are breastfed? Yes. You see that difference. A keen mother will definitely see the difference between those children whom she has breastfed, those who are not breastfed because breastfeeding itself, the milk, provide the growth and development for these young ones. And by that, by doing that, they prevent stunting and stunting is where your height does not match with the age. So definitely by the time the child grows, you'll be able to tell this child is not to the normal height. I see. It's simple because the child did not interest field exclusively for six months, that's one. Also, the research has shown that those infants who have been exclusively breastfed, they actually have IIQ than those who are not breastfed. That means that the performance in school is different. So some of the signs of telling those children who are exclusive to breastfed are not exclusive to breastfed. Yes, I see. And so it's as if this was just, it was something that was planned to be the way, okay, I know that some of our viewers are not believers, not everyone is a creationist, some people are evolutionists, but if you're creationist and you do believe that God created this wonderful, wonderful mechanism between mother and child, this wonderful way to create a bond and a connection.  And that's why child is always stronger with the mother. This could also be true, but I also believe that there's a bond between breastfeeding. I don't know if I'm right or wrong, and maybe if you can give some expertise and shed some light about that. Yeah, the more you breastfeed your child, the more you create that bond.  You have that love, the relationship when you're breastfeeding. That's why when you're breastfeeding, the child is just near your tummy, tummy to tummy. You are creating that bond. On your breastfeeding, you are creating that bond. When you're sleeping closer to the baby, during the night, you are creating that bond between you and that child. And then you feel that bond will not disappear even when that child grows. So you find that child is near the mother. Always. That's true. And now that we've talked about the basics of breastfeeding, I want us to jump into the nutrition of breastfeeding, and then we'll jump into the awareness of breastfeeding week. So when it comes to nutrition of breastfeeding, what are some of the things mothers can eat to, how can I say, assist in the production of lactation and the production of breast milk? Yes. Definitely, if the mother does not feed well, the production of milk will go down. And they are supposed to feed extra milk, compared to the non-mothers. Where we have, like for example, a mother will feed, the non-mother will feed three meals plus extra snacks. But this lactating mother will feed three meals plus another two meals and two snacks. This is to provide enough nutrient for the mother to be able to produce more milk. In addition to that, we have 3D foods. So they should take food foods and also warm food so that they can enhance production of milk. However, these are how the breastfeeding works. People can give a bit of anatomy of a breast, so that you can be able to understand. I wish we actually even had one of those boards with the anatomy of the breast, but for them we don't. But now we can hear it from you. Yes. When you look at the breast, we have the nipple. Yes. And around the nipple we have a blackish thing, which is called a liora. Ariola. Yes. Beneath that one, we have what we have, a gland that produces oil for it, that musterlizes that breast, that keeps that breast musterlized. Yes. Yes. Inside the breast we have what we call a pheolei. These are small sacs. Yes. Wow. Actually, there are millions of them in the breast. Wow. And they are made of milk secreting cells. Okay. And then around those are pheolei, we have what we call muscle cells. These muscle cells are the ones that will squeeze out the milk from these sacs. We do have a small duct also that stores the milk in between the milk, and we have lunch ducts that direct to let the milk flow out. But now we have two hormones that are involved in this process of breastfeeding, and this is prolactin and oxytocin. And that's why you provide most of health workers with that. Prolactin and oxytocin. Yes. That's why you provide most of health workers telling the mothers, the milk does not come from the breast. The milk comes from the brain. Why? Because prolactin, it is produced from the brain. When the baby sacs goes there, the breast, the nebo, essentially impasses, sent to the lower part of the brain at the bituitary gland, and then it senses and produces prolactin. Then prolactin moves down through the blood to the breast, and it stimulates the milk secreting cells, the one that we have said here in the air pheolei to produce what? Milk. Right. Now the milk has been produced. We have now the other hormone that you are calling oxytocin. This hormone is the one that will let the milk flow out. The same process will happen. When the baby sacs, the signal is sent to the lower part of the brain, that is the bituitary gland. Then the oxytocin is produced, down the blood to the breast, and now it comes now to the muscle cells, and it helps now in the flowing of the milk. Here comes now when you hear a mother saying that you know what? I can't produce what? Milk. It is not that mother cannot produce milk. It is because that process now, the bituitary is not done what? It's not produced. We have talked to prolactin. Prolactin can stay in the breast for about that a minute after breastfeeding. Now this one will end up with the breast to make the milk for the next feed. I see. So that's what enables the milk for the next feed, and this sounds like it's a whole process that must happen, which means that not only is it, is this milk important for the child, that there are ways that this milk can actually protect reducing infections in the child. Yes. May you please touch on that because I'm unbaffled as to how that may work. Okay. When the baby sacs the mother, gets the milk, actually the first milk of the mother, the colostrum. That's the first milk. It is a yellowish thick clear food. When the baby sacs that milk in the first few days after birth, this milk helps the baby in very many ways. One, it has antibodies and white blood cells. This may help in protection against any infection that may come, especially the allergies and intolerance of androsodyspirectoly. This is our infections for the baby. Then we have, it has a growth factor. It ensures that the intestine of this young one, they do what they mature, because remember they are not mature. I see. Then it is rich in vitamin A, and vitamin A helps in our end in reducing the severity of any infection that the baby may come. That's why now it is said that actually colostrum is the first immunization that is given to the baby by the mother. To prevent any infection that may come later. I see. That's wonderful information. And you know, everything that you've said is all that we wanted to discuss and cover, particularly when it comes to breastfeeding, the nutrition part of it, and also the importance of it and how it protects the child. There is, however, a need to also cover breast awareness week. And I should be giving a little bit of information and maybe I can ask a little bit of questions pertaining to what we can do when it comes to Kenya and improving some of the systems we have put in place for mothers who are breastfeeding.


Please subscribe to this YouTube channel mentor. Talk and do press bell button for notifications. Well, yes, world's first robot lawyer is out in the open. And no doubt that this will help the consumer and client-driven market. But what about the young law graduates and lawyers who are already under tremendous pressure and struggling to find jobs and placements? For instance, in India, there are more than 1,000 law schools. Every year, Indian law schools produce 100,000, 1 lakh law graduates or even more. India already has approximately 2 million lawyers. An astounding number, 20 lakh lawyers. And where are the jobs? And on the top of it, we have coronavirus which brought the economy to a back foot. And that is not all. We have another massive competition for young lawyers. Yes, artificial intelligence for the sake of convenience and efficiency and efficacy has now given birth to the world's first robot lawyer. 23-year-old British Stanford graduate, Josh Browder, has developed an automated program which is called Do Not Pay. Yes, Do Not Pay a lawyer to contest parking tickets and contesting several consumer claims. This program Do Not Pay branded by Browder as the world's robot lawyer has been assisting people with their parking tickets and with more than 100 different areas of consumer rights including airline refunds. And can you believe that this young graduate, Josh Browder's company has already raised US dollar 12 million series A funding at a US dollar 80 million valuation. The robot lawyer gives automated legal help with diverse consumer disputes like airline flight refunds and reimbursements or cancelling subscriptions, taking legal action against companies in minor claims or examining accounts and uncovering hidden money like bank and credit card company over charges and so on, so forth. This robot lawyer charges a monthly user fee of a mere US dollar 3 and they already have thousands of users. The Guardian newspaper noted through one of its writer that Do Not Pay drafted an impressive notice under the Data Protection Act 1998 for him. Likewise, a woman writer with the American Lawyer publication noted that Do Not Pay helped her draft a strong, well-sighted and appropriately toned letter requesting extended maternity leave. This is fantastic. And interestingly, the American Bar Association has recently honored Do Not Pay robot lawyer with its ABA Brown Award for the outstanding invention enhancing legal services by modest means. According to Browder, the founder of this Do Not Pay, his invention has empowered the ordinary people with the same power in the legal system as large companies. Browder in his early 20s is a non-lawyer but has created a super powerful and highly economical virtual lawyer. Definitely good for the consumers and clients. But whether it is equally good for the legal fraternity, especially young law graduates and lawyers, only time will tell. I guess it's time for survival of the fittest. Yes. Well, I'll close my video talk here. Thank you and see you again with another episode of Mentor Talk soon. Thank you. Subscribe to this YouTube channel Mentor Talk and do press bell button for notifications.


The Excel study is a hybrid effectiveness implementation study aimed at improving accessibility to exercise oncology programs for individuals living with cancer in rural and remote areas. This study will use a IAIM framework to measure the impact of the program at both individual and institutional levels. The study has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta and will be conducted over a period of five years. This article was offered by Daniel Sibley, Margaret L. McNeely and others.


The next item of business is consideration of business motion 2343 in the name of George Adam on behalf of the parliamentary bureau setting out changes to this week's business. Any member who wishes to speak against the motion should press their request to speak button now. I call on George Adam to move the motion. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I am moved. Thank you, Minister. No member has asked to speak against the motion. Therefore, the question is that motion 2343 be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. The motion is therefore agreed. The next item of business is topical questions in order to get in as many people as possible. I would be grateful for short and succinct questions and responses. I call Pauline McNeill. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to reports that people are shutting down their electric and rationing their energy use in the face of rising charges. Cabinet Secretary, Michael Matheson. One needs a safe one place to call home, but we know energy price rises are causing concern, especially for households who are in or at risk of fuel poverty. Regulation of the energy market is reserved and therefore we need action from the UK Government. The Scottish Government is doing what it can by making £10 million available to help people struggling with their heating costs. This is in addition to the £25 million we are providing to local authorities to tackle financial insecurity and a further £6 million that we are providing to third sector partners. Pauline McNeill. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. A report by the wise group found that people who live in homes with electric heating are most likely to ration and use their self-disconnect. The group said that the energy crisis has left people unable to boil a kettle or cook their dinner. For those who said that the rationer disconnects their electricity heating, 75 per cent do so at least every week. That is in just Gator Glasgow alone. Customers have been told of spending the day sleeping in a bag just to stay warm. I am sure that the cabinet secretary will agree with me that this is an absolute scandal and I worry for ordinary people as the forecast for prices begins to rise. I want to ask the Government why the Abandoned are plans to create a publicly owned company and downgrade it to an agency to advise on energy efficiency. I want to ask the cabinet secretary if we can have a further discussion about this proposal and if not, how does the Government propose to make accessible energy with the powers that it has to ensure that cheaper community-owned heating, for example, is more widely available to people who need it? I am aware of the report from the wise group that highlights a number of very serious concerns about those who are being forced into fuel poverty as a result of the escalating costs of energy prices. However, the energy market is regulated by the UK Government and is out with the conference of the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Government. What are we doing to try to help to address that? We are providing additional £10 million to specifically target those who are at risk of self-disconnection as a result of the costs that they are incurring due to the increase in escalating fuel prices. We are doing that through the fuel bank network, which is a specific fund and a specific organisation that works with individuals and families who are experiencing these financial difficulties. In relation to the public energy company, as we have said in our manifesto this year and also in our programme for government, the scale and nature of the ground in which we are now dealing with this issue has significantly changed. We now have our net zero commitments that require us to decarbonise over a million domestic homes between now in 2030 and 50,000 non-domestic premises. We need to take concerted action in order to achieve that in a way that is consistent with delivering a just and fair transition without causing individuals to be forced into fuel poverty. That is why I set out to the zero committee the way in which we are now undertaking that consultation and agency that will be responsible for co-ordinating that approach to achieving our net zero objectives. However, the energy markets need to change. The existing system is unsustainable. I have raised that with the UK Government and what we now need is concerted action in its part in order to address a growing crisis, not just across Scotland but across large parts of the UK. Let me be quite clear with the cabinet secretary. I endorse entirely what you said about the energy market needs to change. We are absolutely at one on that. I wonder whether you would be clear to Parliament if you closed the door completely on a public energy company with all the challenges that it presents. I would like a yes or no answer to that. Many of the poorest in our communities have involuntary become the greenest because they are forced to cut their energy, as you previously heard. Many excluded from net zero initiatives. Two thirds of respondents in the report fell unable to consider buying an electric vehicle or installing more efficient energy heating. I ask the cabinet secretary how will the Government go about specifically helping low income families to share in the benefits of a move to a net zero economy? Scotland has a successful record on renewables, which I applaud. How can ordinary people with low income share in that success? A specific point about the public energy company is that, as I have said in Parliament previously, what we are looking at is how the public energy agency can help to support the development of what is heat as a service. That is one of the reasons why we have signed a memorandum of understanding with the Danish Government because of its experience in taking forward district heating programmes and the use of heat as a service, which allows local energy providers within communities to develop and provide energy to a specific local community. That is one of the elements of the remit within the public energy agency. The prospect of developing some form of local public energy company is scoped to look at that through the agency's role in considering those issues. On the specifics around the shift towards decarbonisation and moving more towards electric-based energy, one of the issues that needs to change is the existing obligation system within the energy market, which places a greater level of obligations on the electricity side of the market, which, as a result, forces up the price of electricity. That is one of the areas that we have called upon the UK Government to review and consider how that can be changed because it is causing electricity prices to be artificially higher than they need to be as a result of those obligations. On the specific point around low-income families within our heat and building strategy, we have set out a range of measures that we are going to take forward, including how we make sure that the transition to zero-emission technologies for heating is one that is just and fair, and that we do not find individuals being forced into fuel poverty as a result of having to change their heating system. That is exactly what the heating and building strategy aims to achieve. Before I move on to the next question, can I please ask for more succinct questions and responses? I call Liam Kerr. Thank you, Presiding Officer. It is a supplemental to that topical question. Simply Minister, what assessment has been carried out regarding the set-up costs of the national public energy agency? That piece of work is on going into present moment, which is why we lodged a consultation today. As I said, that will be up and running in its full sense by 2025 and it will be in its virtual form over the course of the next year in order to start what is an important area of work. That would set out in detail as we move forward with the programme. Houses are facing a perfect storm this winter, with rising energy bills and the £20 cut to universal credit. What support has the Scottish Government provided to families struggling financially during the pandemic? What further support will be provided this winter? And what impact will the doubling of the Scottish child payment have on low-income families? We are providing a range of support to low-income families during the course of the pandemic, which includes the £130 low-income pandemic payment, which reaches around 500,000 households by the end of October this year. We are also putting £130 million in the pockets of families through the Scottish child payment and the bridging payments. We have also recently announced further support through the £41 million winter support fund, tackling financial and fuel insecurity this winter. This week, we announced that we will double the Scottish child payment to support over 106,000 children from April 2022 and will in time help to lift a further 20,000 children out of poverty. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the reported number of deaths of homeless people in 2020. While it is hard to measure homeless deaths, precisely experimental statistics published today by the national records of Scotland are extremely concerning. Every one of those deaths is a tragedy, and I want to offer my sincerest condolences to anyone who has lost a love one. It is unacceptable that lives are cut short in this way when, in many cases, homelessness can be prevented. Scotland already has some of the strongest protections in the world for people facing homelessness, and we need to go further. We are investing more than £50 million over this parliamentary term to end homelessness and rough sleeping, including support for rapid rehousing and housing first. We have committed to introducing new homelessness prevention legislation, and we are improving co-operation between health and housing services with specific measures to help those with more complex needs. Finally, combined with our determination to tackle drug-related deaths, backed by funding of £250 million over the next five years, we are determined to support and meet the needs of people facing homelessness. Willie Rennie To be frank minister, 256 deaths on this Government watch is a national shame.  Scotland already had the highest homeless death rate in the whole of the UK by far, so what is this Government getting so badly wrong? As I said in my initial answer to Willie Rennie, I agree that every death is a tragedy, and that is why we are taking the steps both on tackling homelessness and tackling drug-related deaths. As I said at the end of my initial answer, the determination to tackle drug-related deaths is backed by £250 million of funding over the next five years. Angela Constance will be making a statement later on in further information on residential rehab provision. On homelessness, we have taken considerable action to tackle homelessness, backed by substantial resources, including the support for rapid rehousing and housing first, which has been recognised as absolutely critical in getting people off the streets, getting them into settled accommodation and wrapping around the support that they need, because we know that giving people a key to a home is not enough when people have addiction issues or mental health issues. That is why we are pleased to see that around 85 per cent of tenancies through housing first are being sustained, and that is an important way of supporting people to deal with a range of issues that they face. I gave the minister another chance, but she still does not seem to have a clue what this Government is getting so wrong. The Scottish Government was astonishingly complacent after it gave almost people through the pandemic. It thought that 250 deaths show it is more than a roof that it takes to tackle homelessness. Aren't those 256 personal tragedies a reflection of years and years of failed Government policies on drugs, on mental health and on homelessness? I do not agree with that. We have a complex situation with people with a lot of complex needs, so we have to address all those. The answers to that are things like the rapid rehousing plans, like housing first, which is proving itself to be a successful way of supporting people into accommodation but, importantly, wrapping the services around the person. Of course, through the pandemic, working with third sector agencies, we have almost eliminated rough sleeping on our streets. That is important as well. I do not know why Willie Rennie is shaking his head at that. It is important that our third sector agencies are commended for the work that they have done on eradicating rough sleeping on our streets and supporting that work. On mental health, Willie Rennie raises an important issue here, because poor mental health can be both a cause and a consequence of homelessness. That is why we are working with NHS boards and others to address that. Our mental health transition and recovery plan sets out that we are taking in response to the pandemic, supported again by resources of £120 million in funding. That includes cross-government investment to support the integration of mental health and substance use treatment services. There is not one single solution to that really complex issue. We have to do all of those things and more, and that is why the prevention duty is also important as we try to take those issues forward. One reason that charities working with homeless people think that those statistics have yet again increased is the fact that people are spending longer in the homelessness system. In 2020-21, annual homeless stats showed that it was taking 248 days for homeless households to actually have their case closed. What actions will ministers take to put in place preventative measures to stop that happening? Will the Scottish Government today agree to Scottish Conservative calls for a full review of access to healthcare services for homeless people and those who are rough sleeping? Miles Briggs will be aware, as we have had this exchange on a number of occasions in this chamber, that some of the issues relating to moving people through temporary accommodation have been related to Covid because it slowed down the process of local authorities being able to free up accommodation and move people through temporary accommodation into permanent accommodation. Local authorities, with the support of government, are working through those issues. We are also working with local government to scale up housing first so that people with the most complex needs can access settled mainstream accommodation with that wraparound support that I spoke about earlier. That can reduce the time that people with the most complex needs spend in temporary accommodation. We are also, of course, have seen a move away from the use of night shelters and hostels into that more supported housing first accommodation. All of those things are important, and I am sure that Miles Briggs, as well as I, would support the efforts of the third sector in working to support our most vulnerable people. I agree that every death of a person explains homelessness as a tragedy, and my thoughts are very much with those who have lost loved ones. Can the cabinet secretary outline what measures the Scottish Government is taking to tackle rough sleeping this winter? I hope that no one is going to be rough sleeping this winter, and that is why we have services in place to support people all over the year and with additional services for people at risk of rough sleeping over the winter period. In line with our commitment to end night shelter accommodation over last winter and this winter, we have provided more than £433,000 towards the operation of rapid rehousing welcome centres in Glasgow and Edinburgh, which will provide safe emergency accommodation to those who need it. We have also made flexible emergency funding available to front-line homelessness organisations across the country through our winter support fund. That will empower front-line homelessness workers to make immediate decisions centered around the specific needs of each individual and assist people to access support in a dignified way.