Hello and welcome to the Circular Metabolism Podcast. This podcast is hosted by the Chair of Circular Economy and Urban Metabolism held by Aristide de Tannassiades and Stefan Kanperman at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. In this podcast, we talk with researchers, policymakers and different practitioners to unravel the complex aspects of what makes urban metabolism and economies more circular. This podcast is produced by the Chair of Circular Economy and Urban Metabolism at the Université Libre de Bruxelles held by Aristide de Tannassiades and Stefan Kanperman. In this podcast, we discuss with researchers, administrators and practitioners to clarify the different aspects that make the economy and metabolism of our cities more circular. In the sixth episode of the Circular Metabolism Podcast, we were able to discuss with Thierry Maréchal, in charge of development of circular economy in the city of Paris. Thierry is part of the Urban Ecology Agency. In other words, it is the environment service in the city of Paris which aims to pilot environmental plans such as the climate energy plan, the biodiversity plan, but also the circular economy plan, but also to ensure the coherence between all this as well as to mobilize the actors who make these plans operational. In this episode, we will have access to the course of an urban administration which aims to set up a strategy in circular economy. Indeed, as for many other cities, the path to circular economy begins with a strong political will and in the case of Paris, it is the mayor, Madame Anne Hidalgo, who initiated this movement. To operationalize this idea, Thierry's service was organized in 2015. The general stages of circular economy, gathering more than 200 actors and giving birth to the white book of the circular economy of Great Paris, which carried 65 recommendations. The challenge was to turn this white book into a municipal policy and an action plan of circular economy with a pilot, a calendar and means. In 2017, the first circular economy route of Paris flies away, with 15 actions focused on five axes. First, construction and management. Second, the reduction, the re-employment, the repair and re-use. Thirdly, the support to the actors. Fourthly, the public command is finally a fifth axis concerning responsible consumption. Today, the second circular economy route is set up, with all kinds of actions but focusing mainly on sensibility, education, responsible administration and how to loop flows at a very local level. We also discuss the particular role of Paris in terms of governance and flow management, since it is a territory that is both a municipality, a department and one of the 12 territories of the Metropolitan of Great Paris, freshly created in early 2016. Indeed, it is clear that it is necessary to collaborate between the different scales since Paris is obviously very dependent on its interland and the actors who transform and loop the flows often find themselves at the Paris Ferry. One of the ways to collaborate between different territories and cities is to communicate the best practices between administrations and the different economic actors. For example, Paris collaborates in a narrow way with another of the 12 territories of Great Paris, called Plaine Commune, because they share very similar issues but also different actors who are active in the two territories simultaneously. Finally, I could not stop myself and I asked Thierry how he saw the interaction of operational plans such as the circular economy with the academic world. He explained to me that according to him, although the academic world may have a much longer time, this can, for example, allow a longer-term reflection and help to reflect on future trends. Research also allows us to be able to project the results and impacts of the solutions in place today, in the future, in order to avoid the false ideas and offer a better help to the decision for the different actors. Take advantage of this episode and don't forget to go to our website circularmetabolism.com for the rest of our productions. To help us improve our podcast and take advantage of the next episodes, subscribe to your favorite app like YouTube, to Tunis, Spotify or Stitcher and don't hesitate to leave a comment. I would like to make sure that between the municipal or environmental plans there is a cohesion between the actions and the latter is to mobilize the actors of the territory. So, although we are located in the direction of the environmental space, we still have a rather transversal mission to the city on these issues, even if it is most of the time, the directions that are operational on the actions that have been voted within the different environmental and municipal plans. So how did we manage to talk about circular economy? First of all, what you have to know is that in Paris, it is a municipal and political will, since Annie Dalgo, in her mandate project, had very clearly placed circular economy within the projects she wanted to carry during her mandate. By the way, it was confirmed since she named it an adjoint in charge of the social and social economy, of social innovation and of the circular economy, which is Antonin Gull. So in the direction of Antonin Gull, it was clearly inscribed that it was necessary that she put in place the general states of the circular economy. So as a city-based environmental service, and in fact, since there are environmental issues to be launched in a circular economy policy, especially on resources, the Urban Ecology Agency has in 2015 led the general states of the circular economy. So we launched in 2015 the general states of the circular economy, which has gathered about 240 different actors and which has allowed to develop the white book of the circular economy of the Great Paris, which includes 65 actions or 65 recommendations of action. So these are actions that have been ... that have been addressed by the different actors present at the workshops, because we have been at the workshops for six months with the different actors. And so it's really something that has come back from the field, that has come back from the different actors. The challenge then was to transform this white book into a municipal policy and therefore into a plan of circular economy action. So the choice has been made to work on different route sheets, which each behaves between 10 and 15 actions to be able to advance by package and to be able to advance in an operational way. So the first route sheet has been adopted at the same time as the strategic flight of the circular economy plan in 2017. It behaves 15 actions around large themes such as construction and cleaning, reduction, re-employment and repair, support to the actors, sustainable consumption and a fifth. And so we worked again with the actors to make an operational definition of these actions. So the idea was to make them as operational as possible with an identified pilot, with identified work sequences, with a calendar, with means. So we can find all of this in the 2017 route sheet. Today we are working on the second route sheet, as it was planned. So what is the difference between the first and the second one? So on this second route sheet, we will be on actions on other themes. We will be on issues of sensitization, for example education, we will be on issues of responsible administration. And on another theme that will be rather online, a little with the industrial and territorial ecology and with the flows, it is how, at a very local level, to do the re-employment, not the re-employment, but the valuation of the rain water, for example, or the recovery of energy, and this at a very local level. You have to know that the idea of the circular economy plan is not to lead a policy, it is to lead a global policy, but it is a complementary policy of other policies of the city of Paris. So on energy issues, for example, we have the climate plan, which is a certain number of actions on renewable energy issues. So the idea in this future route sheet on energy is to work in addition to other municipal route sheets and to bring a circular economy dimension or relationship between the actors on the definition of these new actions. That's how the circular economy policy has been led, it is in a complementary way with other municipal policies. And so you talked about the white book, which was rather at the level of Grand Paris, but your road sheet, which is rather at the level of Paris, I do not understand. Absolutely, that is to say that between the stages of the circular economy that took place in 2015 and the road sheet that was adopted in 2017, the Grand Paris was created, to know on 1 January 2016. So indeed, what happened was that during the General States, we also anticipated the creation of the metropolis of the Grand Paris by opening our workshops to the actors of the Grand Paris. And it is important because the metropolis scale, in terms of circular economy, in terms of flow, in terms of actors, is really important because all the actors who act on the Parisian territory are not necessarily strictly based in Paris either. We know that the fund in Paris and the pressure of the fund is important. So some actors, for example, from the USSR are obviously forced to have rear bases on less expensive funds. So it was important to work with the actors of the metropolis. Even if we look at the Mirobin metabolism, the flows, we know that Paris is completely dependent on its close environment. So that's why it made sense to work with all the actors of the metropolis in Paris. And how do we ensure that there is a coherence, whether it is at the level of governance, but also at the level of the actions, the flows, on the two scales simultaneously, because we too in Brussels, there is this question of metropolis, but which is also on other regions. Here it remains in the region and in France. But how do we manage this type of governance? It is a very good question. In fact, everything is in the process of writing today. Nothing is still engraved in the marble. For the good reason, it is that for example, the region of France is developing its waste plan. The metropolis is being built. The metropolis identified this because in fact it encourages a network of referent circular economy on different territories. So suddenly, and the different communes. So suddenly, I think there are 142 communes who are present in their work group. With each time a political referent, there is a technical referent, which allows also to have a little exchange of experiences between the different territories. So the metropolis has already identified this question. The city of Paris, we have a particular position because we are both a commune, both a department, and at the same time a territory of the Great Paris. So we also have, of course, our role to play in terms of return to experience and exchange of good practice. And we play it very voluntarily. We work in a more narrow way with some territories. For example, the commune, which also has a method of urban metabolism that could perhaps focus more on the question of field materials and construction and management, which is logical compared to their territory. And suddenly we work in a fairly narrow way because we identified that we had the same issues and that we worked with the same actors. So it was important that we also unify a little bit our actions. So suddenly, we have created groups of work to exchange together on these questions. So here I would say that things are building and stabilizing little by little. In the region, we are still on a side, because we are going beyond the metropolis or even the metropolitan air. So suddenly, I think that at the level of the government, there is not too much concern or question to be asked, I would say, between the region and Paris. It is perhaps more at the metropolitan level, really, where we see that there are depressions that are much more important. And in this exchange of good practice, whether it is between Paris and its metropolis, I also think that's why I'm here, by the way, it is for a good exchange of practice between the city, for example, between Paris and Brussels. We have a little different approaches, even if they are quite similar. We have similar issues, like all European cities. We are very dependent on certain flows, on the territory, in the clave, but also we have talked about social and solidarity economy. What kind of good practice or how can we exchange between cities? Is it between actors, between administrations? What is the best way to make these good practices circulate? I think it's a bit at all levels. It is indeed between administrations because we bring public policies. So it is also important to be able to feed the experience of each other. After, in terms of concrete action, I think it is very important that there is an exchange between economic actors. There are certainly, there are many things that are reproducible from one country to another. I will give a concrete example. There are exchanges at the moment between the Netherlands and France. There is a exchange in court at the level of the two countries, but more particularly the embassy of the Netherlands in Paris also makes a circular economic approach and organizes exchanges between the Netherlands and the Netherlands and France. Not later than last week, there were meetings where we see that it is also very interesting that the economic actors are present to explain what they do, what they propose as a solution. One of the really important issues for the territories is to accompany the economic actors, is to offer them the field of experimentation, to offer them the means, to offer them the conditions so that they can deploy their solutions. It seems primordial indeed, they will not be able to do that without the economic actors who will be able to develop solutions. And you have to be also listening to their needs, that is to say that there can be great actors like the smallest actors, they can be traditional actors like the SS actors, who have different needs. So it is important to also exchange with them. It also allows us as buyers to do sourcing, that is to go and see the actors, to see what they do, to be able to integrate that in our charging cases, in our public markets. That is to say that we can sometimes have false ideas, to say that we could immediately put very strict obligations in our markets, for example under the field of expertise to say, ok, tomorrow we spend 70% of the value, and then finally behind there is not the market. So it is really important to work together, that's how these solutions are born. And the borders today between the administrations, the associations or the companies are more and more strict and we are forced to work together. I think that exchanges must be done at all levels. Let's talk about another actor who is the one I am part of, the academic actors. You have talked about the link between Metabolism Urban and Circular Economy. What is the link between perhaps a more academic discipline which is Metabolism Urban, which is rather the monitoring of the flows and the understanding of the dynamics with action of Circular Economy which rather mobilizes administration and association with entrepreneurs. So how can we link the two in a city like Paris or Brussels? Well, I don't know too much actually. But it's the same, it's a fairly global issue, so I think at a lot of different levels. What, for example, do you need an academic sector to provide you, to have a better idea of what kind of market you would like to have or which flow would be more interesting? Is it a continuous accompaniment? Is it rather, by the time, what type of exchange should be favored to make the benefit? I think it's true that we are in a very operational vision of our actions. Sometimes, the academic time is not the same as in the illustration, the time is very long. But we are not necessarily on the same level of time. Nevertheless, I think we really need research to work on the new economic models, for example, on the new flow exchanges, on the new flow exchanges, on the new city logistics modes. And I tend to, but maybe I'm wrong, to place a gap a little further, but at the same time, if we don't integrate the possibilities of the city's organization, for example, or the city's management, in our current policies, then maybe it won't be quite efficient. So I think we really need this research to be able to anticipate the future and to be able to propose solutions or actions that are being projected in time. So I think it's interesting, too, this look, it's different. If I take, for example, the recent research that Vincent Giseau had done on the stock of materials in the city, well, for us, it's super interesting to have these data available, to have this knowledge available to be able to already integrate that into our reflection. So, as I said earlier, the study that Sabine Barle did, if the study was not available at the time when we launched our approach to the urban metabolism, we wouldn't have a public policy launch as we launched it at the beginning. These data on urban metabolism wouldn't have been able to feed our approach on the circular economy. So I think it's complementary. It's important. There may also be more precise or more specific studies. I think, for example, our action on the development of industrial synergies on the riverfront, on how to accompany the actors and on how, in the long term, to synchronize the synergies that could be put into place between the actors, we also have, I think, a need for research to anticipate the next step. So it's both to compare what is done, to evaluate what has been done, but I also think especially to anticipate the future and to imagine where we are going to go to be able to project ourselves. We may not always have this ability, at least at this time, to be able to project ourselves quite extravagantly. And to project ourselves in the results that could give our actions or in the impacts that it could give. And the last point, I think it's in the end of the impact, it seems necessary to me. If we didn't have data on the impacts of the projects, we couldn't make the right decisions. That's also why, for example, in the last year, we took the time to evaluate the so-called metabolism projects, at least for six of them, because we can also sometimes do it with false ideas, to know what kind of project it is, because it's circular economy, it will have a positive impact, it will have less impact on the environment. We are not 100% sure, now with our study, we are able to say yes or no, and in what measure. Because it depends on the scales, it's not always the same. And it's a help to make the decision. For example, the study that we took allowed the economic actors to say to them, well, it's better to orient yourself towards such a solution, you will decrease by two your impact, and you will be able to favor the local lamp, and for your image of Mars it will be better. But if you didn't have this time to look for studies around the evaluation of the projects, we could not have had this retreat. So it allows a certain retreat also on the actions.


Welcome to Toffy TV, it's the player ratings for Sheffield United, Neil Everton won a good, honest, hardworking, energetic performance that led to three points. How often can we honestly say that about Evan? It was good to witness and it made us all feel happy. Let's start your own pick for that, I'll give him a seven. It was alright, flapped at one in the first half a little bit which I thought he could go off for a goal kick but done his job mostly and didn't get too flustered. There's a lot getting to off about on this game between him and Dean Henderson and in the end really he's come out the better because I'll be honest, I'd be slightly disappointed if I'd conceded the goal that they conceded because I think once a goal he gets his hand on it you should save it but that's a different matter to them. I'll eat some Sheffield United, I'll give him a seven. I'll give him a seven as well, solid performance, didn't get too excited, didn't go gallivanting up the pitch, he hasn't played that many games obviously since we've come back, we stayed honest and he done his job, never got really, as I said, never, because maybe Wolcott was playing ahead of him, he never really got too excited and started going. Up the field, he was very disciplined so happy with that performance, give us that little bit of extra in the air as well in our own box so I'll give him a seven, good performance. On the other side, Lucadena, I've given eight just because I thought defensively looked good but going forward there's always your threat as well, carries the ball really well and you can see that by the amount of horrible little niggly files people try on him, all the time they play. They play, he's always trying to get in and there's a couple of little naughty ones on him and he's a lad who doesn't shake a challenge either, open the air, he's always strong, he's always 50-50 and for me I thought he had a good game tonight so I've given him eight. The centre box, Michael Keane, I've given nine, I thought he won it and he won nine headers tonight out of nine so he deserves a nine but again, nothing, passing sharp, defending was spot on and when you're playing the team like Sheffield is United you know what you're going to get, it's nothing fancy but it works and they're not like a long ball team, you put the pressure on them but what I thought he did really well was when he was in possession. He played it calmly, he never got too excited and I thought that was really important to me for us to break their press so I thought he had a really good game and led by example and next to him in Jarrah Brandt where he made his first star for heaven, I've given him a nine as well just because it was his debut and he was strong and all the same things really but when it's an 18 year old kid he's just turned 18. Making his first Premier League start, he's bound to make a few little mistakes and in the first half thought he'd give the ball away cheaper times but he's being asked to play those passes to break that press and he kept doing it and he kept doing it and the second half when he was asked to defend he did it brilliantly and he's got all those little things he knows when to get his body in the way of people and make sure the ball goes out for a goal kick. He uses his body really well, he uses his strength and I was really impressed and what I thought was interesting tonight which there was a shot of Phil Jagielcher on their bench in the stands and I know he's come out in that thing in the newspaper article he was asking an interview about he thought he should have got another year at heaven and there he is sitting in the stand and I thought well if he got another year then maybe Jarrah Brandt would not be making it. Another appearance for Evan and I think that's a really important thing because we've got to move forward and when maybe we have all the players who really should be put out of passion and we don't do that and it blocks a young player coming through, we're always the face to criticise and Evan this time have allowed the player but don't forget he's only been at the club since January to get an opportunity and it's not being blocked by a more senior professional or anything like that and that's massively important for this football club going forward. I've always been massively important for this football club so excellent stuff from Jarrah Brandt but I've given him a nine as I said, moving forward into midfield, Phil Walcott, I've given him a seven, I thought he did his job really well tonight and he had a couple of opportunities, he's played a great crossing for Dominic Armoluni at the Pulsewood and he's had a couple of other opportunities where he's made the opportunities himself and maybe hasn't chosen the right option but I thought he pressed them back a little bit. He's worked hard and it was a really good display of I feel Walcott tonight and I think that's why people like Phil Walcott because he does push people back and he doesn't always work, he doesn't always create chances, he doesn't always score goals, I know that but I think in the two, in the one and a half games that he's played so far he's done more than Bernard and a Wobie so he's just in those games so I've given him a seven, I thought he worked hard. He's worked hard and did well tonight. On the other side with Charleston, it's obviously scored the goal, I've given him an eight, good dogged hard work and performance, he's done a cracking foul on one of their players just to break up the play and got a yellow card for it. His goal was excellent, really moved well into space and put the ball in. But he was all over the pitch and I think he looks happier when he's involved and when he's stuck up front at times and the ball's not coming he just looks frustrated and I think the manager did the right thing tonight by allowing him a little bit more freedom. And it worked because he's just, he's a best player and it shows, I think there's a stat out and he's the second highest Brazilian goal scorer in Europe behind Neymar. That's huge, that's huge and I know there's another Brazilian striker in the Premier League that everyone raves about because he's defensively amazing apparently. But it's about scoring goals isn't it and also being defensive amazing, that's what Charleston does so I've given him an eight, he was excellent tonight. In the centre of the park, obviously this has been the area in the last few weeks that we've all been moaning about. Tom Davis, I've given him a seven, I thought he did really well off the ball, he wasn't always great on the ball tonight. And he was times where he made some really silly decisions but I thought off the ball I thought he did really well and got back and got into some positions to stop Chefs of the United moving forward. And I think he's a player who benefits from having a couple of players in hand on them so I've given him a seven. Guilffy Shigarton, I've given him a seven as well, best performance in a long while for Guilffy Shigarton. More in his more favourite position tonight, played the crossing obviously for the goal. And he just again, I don't want to look more comfortable playing in a three. It unshattles him from the stuff he wants to do and then he doesn't have to do the stuff he doesn't want to do which let's be honest is defend. And Guilffy, Andre Gomez, I thought was the best of the three of them. It was like watching Andre Gomez from earlier last season. He was strong, he was moving round the pitch, his passing was excellent and I think that was the fact that he had players running off him as well, that he had wide players where he helped in that as well but he looked back to like, he looked like he could move whereas last week. He didn't look like he could move around, could get round the pitch tonight, he looked like he could have been everywhere.  It's just mad at a week between performance or not even a week a few days between performances, a player can look completely different. And we said this the other day actually in the middle of the game, the last 15 minutes when he looked again like he'd been unshattled, the baiting of like defensive, being defensive, was gone and he looked so much better than those last 15 minutes. And he looked like that all game tonight, it was like going to be an all round midfielder and he was and he was putting tackles in and he even had a shot which just went wide and I thought he looked like he was a little bit back to his best. And they're no mugs in my field, they've got plays you'll put it about but he's still up to it tonight so I've given him an eight on it. If he can move forward like that then I'd love to see the ONJ Gomez that we all know is there, hopefully we will. Dominic Carver-Lewin, I've given him a seven, I thought he should have scored with the header in the first half and he's had a half chance in the second half where he took a little nick and on another day that goes in, that flicks up and goes in and that's the goal you've been looking for but it wasn't to be. But he worked his socks off tonight and I think he done a diving header in the last minute in our box and I think that typified his performance and everyone else's performance. He done a diving header and then with Charleston overhead kicked it to the halfway line and I thought that typified how we all stuck in there together today in this performance where it wasn't about one player being amazing, it was about the whole team tonight, it really was to get that three points and I thought he worked really hard tonight and it will come for him, it will because he isn't one of those players, I don't think he's got ice in his veins, he'll go on runs where he doesn't score a goal and then when he gets one he'll go on a run of scoring, a goal in every game or whatever in his next few performances. But the performance was there, the hard work was there and that helped us get the three points so I've given him a seven.  I just wish that when he got into the box I wish he just smashed on with his left foot. He tried to play a ball across and there was no one there, I just wish he'd have had a dig. I've given him a seven and James Coleman come on up, I've given him a seven but he didn't do anything. But he defended for two minutes, what you want, he defended. I'm in a good mood, I'm in a good, generous mood tonight. I'm giving James Coleman, he relaxes more like seven minutes he was on for because he was like five minutes extra time play plus the two. He got a point for every minute he was on the pitch basically and I'm giving him a seven, I'm feeling generous. There you go, we're all in a good mood, we're in a positive mood, happy mood. We've won a game, it's great, there you go. Check out buzzers, instant match to action, check out these three things from today. Check out my instant match to action as well. Make sure you're with us tomorrow when we do the live final word over on Patreon. Give this video a like, subscribe if you haven't already, other links are in the description, thanks for watching, see you later.


meditation, sleep, medication, the three pillars of dealing with bipolar for me. What I found out in my experience is that the combination of meditating, which helps me become more calm and stop my thinking, good sleep which gives me more balanced energy throughout the day, and light medication, in my case lithium, completely aligns me and helps me become normal in the sense that I'm balanced and I'm able to never flow off too much to one side or to the other. So when I get a bit manic, I tend to notice that again because of the meditation, good sleep, and medication, and then what I do I kind of relax myself, and if I get anxious or depressed all of a sudden, it doesn't overtake me. You know, I don't completely lose myself to the panic or to the depression and I'm able to kind of catch myself the moment it happens and breathe. So I'm not a physician, I'm just telling you in my experience, meditation is key, it's fundamental, it's super important to keep you even killed throughout the day. Sleep is the most important because no sleep, not good. And the lithium, that's my secret weapon because it limits the max by 10% and the minimum by 10%. You know, in terms of moods, so I'm always thoroughly in the middle. I never go too far off, high or low, to lose myself. If you have any questions regarding bipolar, feel free to watch my other videos and I'd love you to message me, tell me if you need anything. I'd love to help you. Thanks for watching.


ABC observation, this is not looking at the alphabet. I promise it's not looking at the alphabet. It's an antecedent behavior consequence observation. It is an anecdotal observation that you would use in a very applied setting when you're trying to understand what the functions of a behavior are without doing a full-blown experiment, right? So you get a good hypothesis about what the function or the reason that a behavior is occurring. These are types of things you'd use in the classroom all the time. Why is little Johnny out of line? Well, let's do some ABC analyses and find out our observations and find out, right? So you record the antecedents. Under what condition did the behavior occur and what was the result of that behavior? What did it get the kid, right? So you write the time on it as well, maybe the duration and some other things that you might record in there, ways that you could add detail to your recording. But at its core piece, an antecedent is all you need. What's the setting? It was a transition to a different course or a different topic.  Who knows, right?  Remember, it's anecdotal, it's not experimental, but it's still highly informative. Thank you.