Welcome to Quacksack. I'm Crystal. It's Happy Tuesday. Let's talk about sex. No, it's not the kind of sex you want to talk about. Today, we're going to talk about healthy body positive beautiful sex and two kids. Now, you've all been kids before and parents, if you have young kids, join us our conversation, not just young kids, old kids, because you know, we need to from time to time reassess our views, our values, our concept of sexuality. And I've got some two great guests here who have the best healthy positive attitude about this. Let's welcome them now. They are representatives of OWL. What is OWL? It is our whole lives. I'm going to have them introduce what this is all about. Next to me, I've got Gabe, Gabe Tianganko. Welcome. Good morning. Good morning. And Reverend Kyle. Kyle, love it. Welcome. So, will you please educate our audience on what OWL means, first of all, before we kick into the topic? Well, let me begin with OWL. We have our mascot here this morning. And OWL actually stands for our whole lives. And our whole lives expresses our belief that sexual education is a lifelong process of acquiring information and developing attitudes and values. So, like an 80-year-old man can still reassess what his concept of sexuality is. Exactly. And we actually have the program for that age group as well. Oh, good. That's great. Yes, yes.  Okay. And this is catered to schools. Do you have this program that you go into schools to give workshops? So, we have been in schools. There are agencies around the nation that have used this curriculum, even though it comes from two religious organizations originally. It's completely secular. There's no religious content. But it comes from the faith position that we are beautiful, that sexuality is healthy, and people should be whole. So, Planned Parenthood has used it, and schools have used it, and lots of churches have used it. Well, can I just take on to your tag on to that religious aspect? I know you say it's non-denominational, but religion and sexuality have a huge influence and, you know, the direction of how people are educated about sexuality. So, how is it not related? And depending on, let's say you go to a Catholic school and how they introduce sexuality as opposed to Jewish school or what, it does affect how they see it, no? So the underlying values, yes, are affected by the faith stance that creation is beautiful and that there is divinity present in the universe. But the curriculum itself doesn't say, and God says do this, or and... It's total secular. It's secular in that regard, but it comes from a values undergirding that is a very positive one. So that's the distinction. There is actually a component, a separate curriculum piece that you can use sort of to open the class and close the class with a religious ceremonial light a candle and invoke the presence of the divine. But it doesn't have specific dogmatic approaches. It really is about wholeness for the human being. But are there some areas that kind of step on certain religions toes, for example, LGBT issues that certain religions don't really support? I mean, how does that work into the program? So one of the, there are five circles of topics within OWL. Yeah, I'm going to read them because I don't have them memorized. Don't.  It's on my wall, but that's where I can refer to it. Yeah.  So it goes to both the sort of the positive and negative aspects of the wholeness. And it does touch on LGBTQ issues and the various identities that people have. One of the ways that the earliest curriculum talks about sexuality is to talk about different families. There are different families. And we know here that there are lots of different families, right? Yeah, it's blended all the way. So that's one way of talking about, and there are also families that have two fathers. There are families that have, you know, single parents, et cetera. Ohana. It's great there in Hawaii. Yeah. So we do cover diversities, right? In terms of stepping on religions toes, there are many different voices within each religion about any kind of sexuality topic. Maybe some of them are more quiet than others, but they're there. So no one has a claim on speaking for the divine in terms of LGBT, or in terms of sexuality, or one's expression in the world, gender expression in the world. Yeah. So it would be stepping on toes only in the sense that, yes, we talk about everything that needs to be talked about. Good. I like that. Now, but when we're now that we're still on the LGBT issue, you know, that's a big current topic in world news as well as in education, I think. And how has that changed sex ed within the younger classes? How do you even approach that? Or is that something that you have to modify over the years because of the current changes and attitudes? I think we're teaching them from a very good goal, the reality that in their life today, they'll have to come across the LGBT community. So we don't brush that off to the side. We're teaching that that do exist. And on that subject, we teach them respect, respect for themselves, respect for others and loving your neighbor like you would yourself. You know, kids come up with a darnest question. Have you had anything in that area that's been sensitive and you're like, oh, how do I answer that? You know, it's a, the class starts at the kindergarten. Okay. So at that level, they're not too concerned about it, but because it's taught in the lessons, you start to educate them. And as they get older, the questions come out in their elementary years, they have a few questions. And as they get older, the questions sort of broadens on the LGBT community. Okay. Okay. Yeah, one of the things about the curriculum is that are in terms of the teaching, the facilitating of the classes is that we're taught to just receive all the questions without reacting with startle or derision or anything so that we don't prejudice young people against asking questions. Right. That questions are really valuable and important. So we have to maintain our facial expression and maintain ourselves so that we don't giggling or no giggling or no pooing something. So we do get questions that are sort of throw one out. Okay. So one of the questions we've had is, so what is your favorite sexual position? Wait, what age group? Are we talking about that junior high junior high junior high is the most robust curriculum of the whole series in part because that's when you really need sort of all the somebody asks you that. Yeah. Yeah. What your favorite position? Yeah. And how did you answer? There are lots and lots of positions that people engage in when they are being sexually intimate. And my favorite position may not be somebody else's. But what you need to do is you need to explore what is an appropriate boundary for yourself, what you do and do not want to do with your body and what pleases your body and what doesn't please your body and be really clear about what you. Okay, pause. Okay, pause. Now, scenario, that situation, what if that person goes home and says, Mom, the teacher today, the professor said that I'm supposed to explore the positions that I like. Well, what happened to our program, the parents are part of the class also. So the parents attend the class, the children's in one room, the parents in the room. We are working on the same material. Yes, we are working on the same scenario and exercises. So by the time the children and the parents leave the class, there's a lot of conversation in the car. And so you're up and up with the and so and it becomes a more comfortable conversation with the parents. Yeah, we're working on the same issues. Yeah. And as far as questions, excuse me, a lot of the children are not front with their questions. So we have a question box. Of course, at the end of the day, the questions you're not able to share, put it in the box, and it's discussed the next day anonymously. Good. And so at least the question is answered. Okay, well, that's a pretty bold one to be not. Yes, they do. Yeah, they do. And junior high. Right. Yeah, absolutely. When we get comfortable across the weeks of the class. And because of the classes designed where it's a comfortable atmosphere. So you're all like, it's a non judgmental atmosphere. So by that age group, they're totally comfortable. If you started at the kindergarten and the fourth grade level, by that age group, they're open with questions. So it's never too young for a sex ed. Correct. Well, people start learning about their bodies from infancy, right? People explore their own bodies. And then they get messages from their family, their parent's society about that exploration and whether their bodies are good or bad, or whether the things they do and what they do. And there's different organs. I remember when my younger son was like three, and he said something like, Oh, yeah, I need to do something with my vagina because he heard his older sister say that. So they don't really know the differences. And it's really quite charming. And our program is age appropriate. So the kindergarten is don't get the same material as the junior high. And in the kindergarten, they're learning more about themselves, their body and verbiage, correct verbiage, like no touch respect. Yeah, well, if you a lot of scenarios, whether the child maybe culturally, they had the body parts are like their language. Right. And a lot of parents that they teach their children. What is it? Colloquialism. Slang names for body. Okay, yeah. So if you have this kindergarten, the playground, yeah, how do you say and she heard her vagina right, and she comes to the class and the teacher is somebody from Colorado. And she said my punani Jimmy hit my punani the Colorado ago. You know, so communication is really important. So at that young age, they're learning the correct verbiage. And in the very beginning, it's hard for them to say vagina. Yeah. But by the end of the class session, the kindergarten are saying vagina, you know, and they're comfortable with those terms. And that's where it starts. And that's why it's important to have the parallel class for the parents, because most parents feel like they don't have adequate sex ed in order themselves in order to talk with their children. And so if the kids are in a class, the parents want to know what the kids are learning so that they too can speak with calm and accuracy. Right. And go back to our age and what we had when we were growing up, what kind of sex ed we have, I remember those videos, you separate the kids, don't be still separate them though, right? I believe so. And you need to sometimes be assumption that the world is binary. Right. But again, all they're teaching is the basic mechanics, male, female.  But in our program, there's so much conversation going on. And not like the classroom. So how do you explain sexuality like love making to a four or four year old? What's the language or dude, does that not even open up at a four year old or four year old? Well, don't ask how did I come here? You know, well, how babies come from? Yeah, we do covered in the kindergarten. And we often have show and tell because when we have babies, you know, when we have young the outlets, I call them when we have young owls, we often have families where somebody is pregnant, right? So we bring a great person in and touch the tummy and feeling the baby kick. Nice, healthy stuff. But they come with those questions at that age. Where do I come from, you know, right? And besides just the material there, we have a lot of books and a lot of illustration for the children to look at the, you know, tummies and the feed is and how the baby is developing. Are they real pictures or are they cartoon pictures? Can be both, you know, depending on line drawings, or real time life, remember the old time life, one with how a baby is made. Yeah, yeah, sure. I'm from my generation.  No, no, that's when do you when do you what's age appropriate for that junior high? Not even there is there is actually kids are sexualized, sexually active in fourth, fifth, sixth grade. Oh, God, no, it's about that. Is that the fact? It's hard to hear. Yeah. Yeah. Is that worldwide? Mainland US is where most of the stats are from. More so in today's generation, more so today. Yeah. And it's just going back to the hormones with the chickens and how it's affecting all of us growing and maturing faster and periods coming earlier. I mean, how why? Well, and also the dynamics that have changed in society, right? We have way more information. Kids have access to social media and misinformation. That's what we're about is like pornography, misinformation, and even music portrays all that kind of information. And they've got ears, they hear it, you know. And so yeah, and parents are in denial when it comes to chum, they're a child's education.  And the blame it on the other kid for infecting them, right? And they do. And they think that their kids shouldn't be learning things at the age that they're at. But the reality is they're learning from it. They know more than we do. They know more and and much misinformation again. They know things that they learned, you know, behind the school gym rather than. In fact, yeah, when porno choices was introduced, I remember some parents coming out and saying, all those videos are too graphic. I had the same response. I thought too graphic. But you know what? They're out there. They're exposed to that kind of so why not just give it to them in a comfortable, acceptable environment and then going on Google and looking at porn. Hold that thought because I think that's we're touching onto some juicy areas here. Let's when we take a quick break, we'll come back and talk about how pornography and other online exposures can affect or mislead our kids and their views of sexuality. We'll be back. So hello, my name is Josh Green. I serve a senator from the Big Island on the Kona side and I'm also an emergency room physician. My program here on think tech is called Health Care in Hawaii. I'll have guests that should be interesting to you twice a month. We'll talk about issues that range from mental health care to drug addiction to our health care system and any challenges that we face here in Hawaii. We hope you'll join us again. Thanks for supporting think tech. Aloha, I'm Shantel Seville, host of the savvy chick show on think tech Hawaii. Now we are on a mission to help young women and girls achieve their dreams and looking forward to sharing with you one episode a month where young women or girl will share her dream or ultimate goal with you and hope that we can all get together behind her to achieve that goal. Look forward to seeing you there. This is Steve Katz. I'm a marriage and family therapist and I do shrink wrap which is now going to every other week all during the summer and maybe forever after.  Have a good time. Do what's fun and take good care of yourself. Bye bye. Can do it. Back here on clock talk on think tech we are talking about healthy sex ed with Gabe and Rev Kyle here. Now I didn't mean to you know cut you off before the break but we're talking about something that needs a little more elaboration. So you're talking about how pornography can influence or mislead the kids. And with social media the kids got their school laptop they got their home laptop and we're not there 24 seven to see over their shoulders to see what's going on. And nowadays kids have to do homework online so you can't prevent them from going on and you're not going to be looking behind their shoulder all the time. So that's why instilling in them values and the ability to assess what they're looking at and what it's saying to them because social media is very influential. Yeah right sex sells every car dealer knows that. Right. So so helping kids understand that they're being influenced by the messages that are coming their way and they may not be true messages that they need to have their own internal yardstick in community. Right. About what they're hearing and what they're seeing and whether that's appropriate or whether it's exploitative. But how how do you educate parents I guess to approach this because every kid's every parent's going to say oh well they'll try to do as many of those what do you call those control. Oh yeah yeah. Control useless. I've tried it doesn't stop them from looking at things. Right. Parents are the first sex educators parents are always the closest in what we do is we support parents. So we give them tools for them to be able to be the best that they can be with their with their kids. That's part of the the class itself and that's part of the curriculum is to help parents find ways and also to learn from each other. One of the things that happens in especially the junior high and senior high classes is that the parents end up being a support group for each other. We talk about the content. What are the kids learning right so that they're informed but then oh man your kid does that too. Oh whoo right. So that's what's normalizing. Right. But when you say normalizing so you said earlier that's you know sexual experiences starting younger and younger and if that's the norm are we parents supposed to accept that and say OK it's alright you're 10 you can go and do it. No. How do we go. And that's why the school promotes abstinence. OK. That's their main topic abstinent and they put a really negative connotation on sex education. Yes. And at this program we really teaches teaches the children that it's part of life. Yes. You know and if we can teach them to grow and accept and that things are beautiful and to do it correct and give them the tools to work with this our program provide that whole atmosphere. So while we don't use the word abstinence as much because of the negative connotation goes with it. We encourage healthy decision making and waiting. We talk about how waiting for sexual expression of a wide variety of sorts is often the better choice for people just in terms of personal maturity. Right. Not just body maturity what your body wants. Yeah. But but internal maturity. So we help kids with it used to be called in my generation values clarification. Right. What is your own value for it for decision making. Right. So it's not about just because they're 10 and they have information they're going to go explore sexuality. Right. The statistics show that the more information kids have especially that's what broadly graded like this the less likely they are to be sexually expressive. But do you believe that each individual whether they're a kid or an adult they have their own sex drive their own genetic makeup of what they want to explore or not. Some people grow up being very kind of asexual and some people find needs in the high drive. I want to talk about masturbation for example that's a sensitive issue that parents hate to kind of bring up but they know what's going on like what are you doing to share that long or even like little kindergartners why you read it why are you rocking on your chair. How do we approach that. So one of the reasons that masturbation is such a hot topic is because of Christianity. So there's a story in Genesis. It's about the story about onan. So onanism is actually quite as interruptus. But it's also been been misunderstood or mistaught to be against masturbation. And one should not masturbate. Evil thing right. Yeah it's a bad thing spilling your seed rather than procreating the assumption don't waste it. Don't waste it. It's already my night quantity. So we have this incredible history that we're working with that's very insidious like no who like do you know the word onanism right. Unlikely but the teaching is out there that masturbation is bad. And so then we have to explore. Okay so what's bad about it if you know your body. Yeah. Yes. Right. It's kind of like pick things sugar or lehing moe anything in excess might well be bad for you. But knowing yourself knowing yourself as a positive thing. Good. And that sexuality is a natural thing. Right. You back to that. It's a healthy part of living. Right. So in this program the parents are with the child. And we just we just went to the 567 grade. And we covered all those areas of masturbation. And without how do you cover. Do you have videos that show or you just talk. You actually talk about masturbation and that you know it does. It's a natural process. You know it comes with puberty. Right. And it comes with exploring and teach them that it's healthy. Right. It's not bad. Yeah. Yeah. And people get really focused on the genitals. But the reality is all of our bodies. We are sensual beings and all of our bodies have arogenous sounds. Right. So part of the exploration is knowing what pleases you. Right. Something to look forward to during that phase. I remember my older son when he was in like six or seventh grade and they separated the boys and girls and their gym teacher who was the sex ed facilitator. Yes. Said OK how many of you guys out there have ever masturbated says if you haven't it's the best feeling you're ever going to have. And it was a great way to kind of introduce things. Yeah. And all the giggles was like oh you know it's not a bad thing. Yeah.  Right. And they set up locking doors and what are you doing in here. It's a natural process. Let them grow through that and experience that. So what don't knock on the door. Don't knock on the door just say like they're exploring privately rather than with you know somebody else. Yeah. OK so do you allow locked doors when you have their partners at home. Is this like an individual family value thing. It is. It is. It is. OK. We're not about prescriptive in that way. Yeah. My niece who had like eight daughters. Wow. And she told the girls if you have your male friends come over please do not close the door. And they close the door. The next of your male partner on your male friend comes here please do not close the door. By the third door all the doors from the room was taken off the hinges. She put curtains in there just so they're privacy right but they were not separated from the parents kind of roaming about checking in parents kind of need to do that. They have to provide the boundaries. You have to put your foot down.  Do you think there's a double standard with how teenage boys are allowed to bring girls over but girls you should not best not to it's but you know don't close doors. You should treat them equally.  I mean that's have you been watching the Olympics have you seen how women's successes are being portrayed as distinct from men's successes. It's everywhere in the world and and it still is part of all the society's that I know of. Yeah. Right. So yes and then what are we going to do about it. Right. We can rail against it. We can ignore it or we can try to address it calmly. Yeah. But directly. What would you say the hardest thing would be in sex ed for kids would be you know if you had to kind of pick one area that was hard to address. What would you think. I would think that it is pure pressure. They get information from respected respected that is so true because it's vague. They know they believe their respective peers but so much of what their peers tell them is not accurate in the high school program. We have exercises where they can actually practice how to say no. Yeah. And they come out of the program role playing. Good. You know we set up scenarios and by the end of that class session they are pretty confident that if they ever are circumstances they know how to deal with that. And so yeah we teach them to work on their self esteem. You know communication decision making problem solving all of that comes with.  Yes. So they some of them intervene and come back and tell stories of hearing someone tell up tell something that was wrong the accurate and they're speaking up in their group.  You know I just attended the all program. What is this all program is that my church they teach sex. Well it's not yeah we don't preach religion it's just happened to be a place where this program is being offered. So on that note can you tell us a little bit about the program that you are going to be a focusing on younger for the elementary school kids. It is the fourth look great for five six four five six. So we have curriculum for these various age groups on one the next one that's coming up is for four five six it begins in September. We have a mandatory parents meeting mandatory. Good parents meeting. Right. We also provide childcare. Yeah for all of the all of the classes. And the mandatory meeting is just for the parents to sit in to hear what the program have to offer. Right. And get a full perspective before they choose to sign up. Yes. Yeah it's a great meeting it's a four hour but that's where they get that's where they can send all their questions. We do lots of food. This program lots of food. Lots of potlucks and lots of food everybody's parents. Sorry discussions engage in conversations about their sexual experiences because we don't quite important to know that it actually does go that way in part because parents own value systems and what they teach their kids come out of their own life experiences. Right. Positive experiences are negative experiences that influences what they what how they move in the world.  One of the great funniest exercise we have in the parents of the first class is we say the word penis right and now and yeah and all like you know let's share that's the title penis.  They're just yelling it out laughing like I'm dead you know 60 old grandma you know whatever word she was you know and we would laugh with laugh with like I never heard that no that's a Chinese word that's a Filipino word and by then we're warmed up to the next exercise at that point.  Yeah. Okay. Was there a slang Hawaiian word for it that we should know about. Oh lots of Filipino and lots of different yeah for the Hawaiian must fill it out. We need to know the parents need to be educated. I should have brought their list. But that's a nice warm up exercise for the parents. Oh so the parents yell it out but the kids don't get to yell in their own class. They're having to say their own. Yeah for this age group. Yeah. That would not be good to have a nine year old coming home and saying yeah. But it's amazing you bring the list together and the seven nine year old their list is like 18 and the parents their list is like 14. You know we know all the slang words and all the street. We've all been there. And so anyway going back to our program. Go ahead. No go on. I know that the program is starts October 2nd through November 27. It's every Sunday from one to three and how do people sign up. They can contact the Unitarian First Unitarian Church. OK. And I left the website with Zuri. OK. And I'll leave a phone contact. We should we should have a phone contact on here maybe too. Well people can get the website and know more about it but it's coming up in October. And if there's anything they can ask questions and we encourage questions all the time. Yeah. Great. OK. Well that's fabulous. I mean this is just the tip of the iceberg in learning about your bodies and how you view it and sexuality amongst your peers and everyone. So I think this is a wonderful topic. Thank you both of you for sharing your views. Thank you for having us with the workshop. I think it must be fun and then stimulating for both of you as well. It is wonderful. How old are your children. My eleven thirteen and sixteen. So yeah it's always a sensitive issue. You may want to look into the program. Really it takes a lot of pressure on you. I will definitely look into it and enrich myself as well as my kids and say that penis is not a bad word. Yeah. All right. That's all for today to take it with you and enjoy the rest of the day. We'll see you next week.


Good evening and on a weekday we thought why not have a session with a speaker like G. Karampaswamy Pandian and to facilitate the very intricate topic on the intricacies of posterity witness. We requested him and we had also done a session with him on a solitary witness. So I think that people feel in the beyond law that he can be a witness to a good sessions where there is a different topic and different perspectives, especially on the criminal perspective of law. I request Karampaswamy to share his insights over to you. Thank you so much Mr. Vikas. This is my second session. I feel so honored to share my knowledge in this reported forum. The topic which is assigned to me is nothing but intricacies on hostile witness. This topic is more popular in the side where the criminal practitioners are practicing. Hostile witness, this term, though it is unknown to the criminal law, but it is frequently and regularly using in the courts of law. And when we trace out what is mean by hostile witness and how the hostile witness can be proceeded with, the answer lies in section 154 and 155 of evidence act. And when we deal with the topic of hostile witness and we must go into the other sections namely 162 class 1 proviso class and also section 280 CRPC. So these are all the four provisions which are playing in the field in my view. And with the famous saying, I would start this, the true evidence, the person who is giving true evidence will be rewarded with an afterlife to the heaven. So the corollary is that perjury leads to hell. This is famous saying, with this when we see the evidentiary value or evidence of hostile witness, we should bear in mind the famous legal maxim, falses in omnibus. This maxim, according to which, falsing one thing and falsing everything. This maxim has no application in India. When we deal with the hostile witness and its evidentiary value, this maxim should have been bear in mind. The hostile witness which can be loosely called as adverse witness, unfavorable witness, unwilling witness, but all these terms are known to English law. But it is unknown to Indian law. When we see the distinction between the English law and the Indian law with regard to hostile witness, insofar as the English law is concerned, a party is not permitted to impeach the credit of its own witness. But in India, it is otherwise. A party is permitted with the permission of the court under section 154 and 155 of Evidence Act. He can question his own witness. This is what section 154 says. As per section 154 of Evidence Act, questioned by a party to his own witness. This is what the section starts. Here, I would read the provision for your convenience and for the better understanding. The court may, in its discretion, permit the person who calls a witness to put any question to him, which might be in cross examination by the adverse party. Any question that terms assumes much importance, that term, because it has wider connotation. If the court permits, permission is signed or not to put question when a witness is not favorable to the party who is calling him. This is the thing. Any question, any question, which means a party who can put any question to the witness calling by him. Here, any question. This is very, very important. Only to call out the truth, any question can be put forth if it is in the name of cross examination. So, this is very, very important. And the second limb of section 154, that is 154 class 2, nothing in the section shall disentail the person so permitted subsection 1 to rely on any part of the evidence of such witness. So, law is quite clear and it is no longer rest integral in respect of appreciation of evidence of your hostile witness. Merely because a witness turns hostile, that evidence cannot be effaced of or passed off from the record. The portion which remains admissible, the portion which favours the prosecution that can be taken into consideration and there is no legal bar to base this conviction based on the part of the evidence. Because I already said falses in Amnibus is unknown to Indian criminal law. And the appreciation of hostile witness only will be arisen at the trial courts level. Trial judges are lynched in of the judiciary. Because of the reason that they are in direct contact with the litigants and also the witnesses. Under section 280 of CRPC, MNR of the witness has to be looked into. That is why the apex court time went again says the trial judge should not be a mute spectator and he must be an active umpire. This saying assumes significance here because if a witness comes into the witness box and goes on against the party who calling him. Even in the absence of a request made by the public prosecutor. The court by itself that is the trial court by itself can give permission to the public prosecutor to put questions. Only on seeing the demeanor of the witness and tone and tenor of the witness. So here the saying is assumes importance. And the first case law in this regard which is reported in 1975 Supreme Court, AER 1975 Supreme Court page number 1400. Chagir Singh versus state of Delhi administration. Though there is an earlier case law, but in respect of appreciation of evidence of fossil witness is concerned. From this judgment, the evidence of fossil witness kicks off its journey. The honorable apex court in this judgment held that when a witness who has been called by the prosecution is permitted to be crass examined on behalf of the prosecution. The results of that course being adopted is to discredit that witness altogether and not merely the Supreme Court set into 1975. According to that Supreme Court, according to the Supreme Court. The evidence of fossil witness. If it is permitted by the court to be declared as hostile, that wholesale rejection is permissible. That is what 1975 Supreme Court got. However, the very next year, the Supreme Court took a departure that is on 1976 AER 1976 Supreme Court to 294. This is the very, very, very important judgment. This judgment still falls in the field. Sadbal versus Delhi administration. Here, the honorable Supreme Court very categorically held. In a criminal prosecution, when a witness is crass examined and contradicted with the leave of the court by the party calling him his evidence cannot as a matter of law be treated as hostile. The record altogether. It is for the judge of fact to consider each case, whether as a result of cross examination and contradiction or can be still believed in regard to a part of his testimony. So, the earlier judgment was specifically overruled here in 1976. So, this is the settled law still now. And based on this proposition in section 154 class 2, that is class 2, which has been amended. This is the amendment provision. Where the 154 class 2, nothing in this section self-dissentatled the person so permitted under subsection 1 to rely on any part of the evidence of such witness. So, this 154 class 2, born out of that proposition of law that was held in the year of 1976. And 155 is also very relevant because the impeaching credit of witness, the credit of your witness may be impeached in the following ways by the adverse party. Or with the consent of the court by the party who calls here. We have to see with the consent of the court by the party who calls him if court permits the prosecutor to put questions. Then in the light of section 155 of evidence act, the witness credit worthy can be impeached. So, this is very, very important and I would take all of you to see section 162 class 1 where the proviso class, it is very clear. The proviso class reads as provided when any witness is called for the prosecution in such inquiry or trial whose statement has been reduced into writing. As of course said, any part of his statement if duly proved may be used by the accused and here it is very important with the permission of the court by the prosecution to contradict such witness in the manner provided by section 145 of the section. To contradict his own witness, what is necessary, the permission of the court, consent of the court according to section 154 of evidence act. So, this provision also plays in the field of dealing with the hostile witness. With this, the very proposition of law, still it is in the same line without any deviations so far. Recently, the Honorable Supreme Court that is Constitution bench in Neeraj Dutta case, Neeraj Dutta versus this is very recent judgment. Here, the Constitution bench of the Supreme Court reiterated and upheld the view of Sadbal Singh's case. And recently the Supreme Court held there is no legal bar to raise a conviction upon a hostile witness testimony if corroborated by other reliable evidence. Further, the Constitution bench has given a stamp of approval of the case, namely Sadbal versus state of Delhi administration. So, this is very, very important and declaring the witness as a hostile witness is not at the drop-off time. This is what Supreme Court did. Merely because the witness resides from his earlier statement. For that, the witness cannot be outrightly rejected or outrightly declared as hostile witness. This is what in Guras Singh versus state of Rajasthan that is reported in AIR 2001 Supreme Court 330 page number. Where the Supreme Court can declaring the witness as hostile is not at the drop-off time or for mere asking. And the famous English philosopher and jurist Jeremy Bandham who says witness is airs and eyes of justice. That is what he labeled the witness. According to him, witnesses are eyes and ears of justice. By quoting this quote in West Bakery case, the Supreme Court held if the witness himself incapacitated from acting eyes and ears of justice, the trial gets paralyzed. And it would be no longer a fair trial. This is what the Supreme Court called in Zagheera Kabibullah 6. This case is famously called as West Bakery case. And one more proposition also I would like to state. A hostile witness need not necessarily be a false witness. Merely because declaration of a hostile witness cannot be branded as false witness. This is what Supreme Court held in 2015 to SEC page number 662 Selvaraj Ali's Chinna Payyan versus state of Tamil Nadu. This is very very important case. And the one more famous judgment I would like to quote here. Rabindra Kumar, they versus state of Orissa AR 1977 Supreme Court page number 170. In this case, the Supreme Court held merely because a witness speaks the truth which may not suit the prosecution or which may be favorable to the accused. The discretion to allow the party concerned to cross examine its own witness cannot be allowed. So what the Supreme Court time one dug in says the 154 which gives sumoto power to the trial court and that power is untrammeled one. So that power has to be exercised judiciously. Even the prosecution is not seeking permission. The court can by using sumoto power ask the prosecutor to put questions and to proceed with section 154 of evidence act. So this is very very important. And in one case that is that was held by Madrasa I quote that to division bench. Kannan Ali's Mannanai Kannan versus state 2022 one MWN criminal page number 327. Where this case was handled by me. I was the counsel on recording this case. One counsel engaged me in a murder case on seeing the papers I got shocked. All the witnesses completely turn hostile lock stock and barrel. Even then trial court convicted the accused to the tune of life sentence. Appeal was preferred and the trial court proceeded to conduct the accused based on the. Reputation of 161 statement put forth by the prosecutor under the guise of cross examination. Ultimately the honorable high court that is division bench deprecated the practice of put forth in the 161 class 3 statement. Replica to the witness and last only one suggestion as if the witness is. Deposing falsely in this case. The honorable high court not only deprecated the practice of repeating the 161 three statement but also. Directed the state to conduct proper training program for the prosecution by engaging a senior criminal lawyers. So this is very very important mere repeating the statement contained in 161 class 3 CRPC by the prosecutor under the pretext of cross examination of witness could turn hostile can never be a substantive evidence. And it cannot be looked into that is what the honorable high court held. And in the RK day in that case one more proposition also emerged. The contingency of cross examining the witness by a party calling him is an extraordinary phenomenon. And permission should be given only in special cases. That is what Supreme Court held. And further it is called it may be rather difficult to lay down a rule of universal application as to when and in what circumstances the court will be entitled to exercise its discretion under section 154 of Indian evidence act. The matter will largely depend upon the facts and circumstances of the case. This is what Supreme Court held. And one more judgment that was held earlier that is in the year of 1964 by the full bench of the Supreme Court. Daya boy, Chakan boy versus state of Gujarat where the Supreme Court held the court therefore can permit the person who calls a witness to put question to him. Which might be put into cross examination at any stage of the examination of witness provided. It takes care to give an opportunity to the accused to cross examine him and answer elicited which do not find place in the examination in chief. Even when you witness turns hostile or goes unfavor even at the stage of cross examination. The prosecution can seek permission and confront his own witness in the light of section 154 of evidence act. And the Metra Psycho in one judgment reiterated the proposition that is Romer versus state 2019 one MWN criminal page number 17. Where the Honorable Metra Psycho that is division bench felt that witness turning hostile not a ground to prevent court from finding accused guilty. If there is otherwise acceptable evidence in support of the prosecution case. So this is what the Supreme Court and also high courts held in respect of appreciation of hostile witness. Though that term is unknown to criminal law. If any witness goes unfavor to the party who calls him. He can seek permission from the court and confront that witness. In the name of confrontation. The party can put any questions to call out the truth. Here. The appreciation of evidence rule is very, very important. And. In respect of appreciation of evidence is concerned. The only one. Famous judgment. We should bear in mind. Especially in criminal side. What do you ever versus state of Metras. This is reported. In. 1957. Yeah. Yeah. Supreme Court page number 614. But the Supreme Court issued a guideline. How to appreciate the evidence. In a criminal case or in a criminal trial. There is. Three guidelines. One is. Holy reliable. Second is holy and reliable. For these two guidelines are concerned. There is no difficulty at all. If the evidence of their particular witness is wholly reliable. The court can rely upon and proceed to conduct. And the second guideline is concerned. The evidence of that particular witness is fully unreliable. Here also no difficulty. The court can simply discard. And proceed to occur. The third category. This is very, very important. Where. The trial codes. Are tossed. When you witness. And it's evidence. Neither holy reliable. Nor fully unreliable. Here the task is started.  In that particular case. The courts has to see. See the corroboration. The courts has to seek corroboration from the. Other independent sources. And proceed with. Here also this proposition applicable. If the hostile witness. Tenders. Evidence. Which. Partially. Looks credible. Or seems to be reliable. That can be corroborated with the other evidence. And the court can proceed to base connection. So in the realm of appreciation of evidence. The evidence of hostile witness. Assume some significance. And merely because your witness turns hostile. Or. Being unfavorable. There cannot be any wholesale rejection. The part which favors to be prosecution. And the part which favors to be defense. Can be taken into consideration. This is what. The earlier Supreme Court says. Judgment says. And. To that effect. Section 155. Class 2 also. Very candidly amended. And in respect of. The evidence of hostile witness. If. The prosecution. Is not. Seeking permission. To declare hostile. What would be the effect. Very categorically. Confirms the prosecution case in chief. However. In cross examination. That witness. Goes. Diamatically opposite. And so the defense case. This being the situation. In which what. What the court has to do. The Supreme Court. Even in the year of. 90. And. Answered. In one judgment. Javit. Masood. Versus state of Rajasthan. In that case. The Supreme Court. Very categorically. Witnesses not supporting the prosecution case. But supporting defense. However. Witness not declared hostile. There is. Nothing in law. The defense to rely on that evidence. So. The portion. Which should the defense case. Can be relied upon because there is no. Interdict in the. Act. That is evidence act. So this is the. Outline of the evidence of hostile witness. And. Now let us have the interaction. Because sir. Yeah, there was some power failure. So the host had changed. Okay, no problem. Let us have the interaction session. Any questions in this regard. I don't think there is any question. I will just check it out on the YouTube. Because people are more watching on the YouTube. Okay. Except when. Vinod Kumar has written. You are our beloved mentor. Yes sir. Except for one Vinod Kumar has written. That you are our beloved mentor. Yeah. Okay, you can put any question. Can we rely partly. On the testimony of a witness. Before he's declared for style after so. After he's been declared. Yes. If the witness is declared hostile. Even the part which favors to the prosecution. Or the defense. That can be taken into consideration. Really because you witness is declared hostile. There cannot be any wholesale risks. This is the settle the law. Yeah. So. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. And on a weekday it was quite. That people watching lot on the YouTube. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Thank you so much. Thank you so much.


In just a moment auto light presents suspense starring Margaret O'Brien Over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house we go The horse knows the way to carry the sleigh. Why hap hap That's not the way to sing her off a Thanksgiving day. What are you telling me Harlow Wilcox? Why I don't know hap. This is the way it goes today Over the river and through the woods and never mind the snow Grandpa is happy with his jalapie his batteries never low over the river and through the woods blow high he wins blow low The cars as snappy as grandmine pappy with an auto light stay full, you know But Harlow, you see hap auto light stay full batteries have changed a lot of things today Harlow isn't anything sacred anymore. It's Thanksgiving day. Let's listen to Margaret O'Brien on suspense Suspends and its 60,000 dealers and service stations bring you Radio's outstanding theater of thrills starring tonight Miss Margaret O'Brien in Anton leader's production of the screaming woman a Tale well calculated to keep you in suspense I'm Margaret Leary, and I've got to tell you how it happened. It was Thanksgiving day, and it was nice and sunshine Almost like summer except cooler Mama was cooking the turkey and I was watching and mama said to me good heavens I forgot your aunt Cynthia's made some cranberry relish for us run over and get it Margaret So her feelings aren't hurt and hurry this turkeys down to a turn So I ran to aunt Cynthia and on the way back. I took a shortcut through mr. Kelly's lot It's a big lot more like the side of a hill that slides down to Monument Creek It's a swell place play Indians and cowboys or explorers are hunting for treasures because trucks them all kinds of stuff there Loads of dirt and junk and even big things like old cars and big pipes and chunks of concrete Well this day coming back from on synthies. I saw that a lot of new junk and dirt had been dumped there since Saturday They've even covered up our swell big concrete pipe that us kids called our fort covered it clear up I was looking around to see where it used to be when all of a sudden I Stopped and listen the sound was coming up out of the ground He was buried under the junk and dirt and glass and she was screaming all wild and horrible for somebody to dig her out I started to run. I fell down and got up and ran some more It was an awful awful long way to our house that day Margaret haven't I told you not to slam the door is that the relish listen mama There's a screaming woman in the lot wash your hands Margaret. She was screaming and screaming and screaming Mama listen to me. We've got to dig her out. She's buried under tons and tons of dirt I'm sure she can wait till after dinner. Oh next year. I swear. I'm going to buy a bigger platter Mama, don't you believe me? You've got to believe me Margaret. I've got a million things to do Good gosh. Look at you. How'd you get your knees so dirty? We're running back from the lot. I never mind scoot and tell your dad. We're about to eat He's in the front room reading his paper. Yes mama Daddy, oh daddy, I've got to tell you something Daddy, there's a screaming woman in the lot I never knew a woman who didn't mmm smell that turkey. We've got to pick get picks and shovels and dig her up Like for an Egyptian mummy. Oh daddy. I don't feel much like an archaeologist today Margaret I can't think of anything but food. Let's have an expedition next Sunday and dig her up But we can't wait that long. Oh daddy should die if we don't do it now. I'll give you some money So it's a business proposition How much do you pay by the hour? I've got five whole dollars. It took me a year to save Tell me a point You know, I'm touch. Oh, but daddy I want me to play with you and you're willing to pay me for my pie Wait here. You're shaking calm down. Oh daddy, please. Thanksgiving dinner. I'll come out and listen to your screaming woman How's that?  You never believe me. Mama doesn't believe me. Nobody believe me.  Yes, sir. It's clear. I Always like Thanksgiving almost next best to Christmas, but that was an awful one Dinner was a million years long Everybody moves so slow like a slow motion movie Forks and knives and spoons move slow and dad's cheek muscles move slow when he chewed Try to make things faster Margaret you heard your mother now don't eat so fast, but daddy the screaming woman We've got to hurry my dear young lady. This is Thanksgiving dinner an occasion when we do not hurry I intend to eat four or five helpings of everything until I can't eat any more And I'm going to make an extra effort and find room for pumpkin pie to all nut Update please please daddy pastor me anymore if you mention her again this screaming What's this? I won't go out with you to hear a recital at all I don't stood. Yes, sir. It's understood. I Wanted to yell oh, please rush get up run around come on hurry But I had to sit still Well out there in the lot with the sun shining down all alone with nobody to hear or to help her was the screaming woman I could hear in my mind screaming Mom and daddy couldn't hear they just kept on eating and talking Well now that I can be thankful for a full stomach I guess we should consider what other things we have to be thankful for Well, we're all healthy prices are sky-high, but we're not in debt yet Those are mundane things my dear I'm thankful for my big daughter, right first. Yes, dad And for my loving wife who is still the most romantic woman. I know who's silly I'm thankful. I didn't marry somebody else You nearly married Dora Lampell even gave her a ring. I never meant a thing No one No You're the only one who's been the serious competitor since we were all kids There's only one one other Helen Nesbitt Yeah, Helen was my first love when she was about as old as Margaret I gave her a present one Christmas and she gave me one. I still have it. Oh that paperweight on your desk Funny how we hang on to things that were important when we were kids daddy Just a little longer Warm up my coffee. What are you there? You know what? I'm thankful for dear seriously That we stayed here in this same town where we grew up Here you are dear Same friends even the same street. Hmm. It's been a peaceful life Not very exciting, but daddy Margaret finds it pretty exciting. Yes, you better take her out in the lot before she collapses There is your screaming woman. Lead me to her Where I fought used to be for the big concrete pipe. It's all covered up now Kelly's really getting the slot filled in All right, where's the lady? Right about here daddy. Listen, you'll hear a thing Except the wind better button up your sweater push Listen, that's the trolley over on Aspen Street. Hey there looks like the Dolans are starting out for a drive Well, I guess your screaming woman's let you down for us, but she was here daddy Right under here where they dumped all this dirt. I heard her screaming and screaming like she was underneath the Ford Somebody's dumped tons and tons right on top of our Ford. Yeah, too bad. They buried your Ford Margaret I saw two of Kelly's big trucks back in here last evening. There was a dump truck in here this morning, too It isn't because they covered the Ford. I must be your screaming woman doesn't like grown-ups Only delivers her solo for kids again.  Let my dinner settle. Well, aren't you going to help me dig now?  I don't stay too long there Mama probably like some help with those dishes daddy daddy No, I heard you scream. I know it. Oh Darn darn darn You're still there. Why did you scream before? Why didn't you scream so daddy could hear you? Don't just scream for me. I can't help you all by myself We feel your head please dad. Well, you've got a fever. You're going to lie down young lady We can't leave it down there dad.   No, I've got to dig I've got to dig her up comic books you read now. I forbid you to leave the house Close your eyes now and take a nap My good girl I'm going to do what am I going to do?  No, not me Hap. No, no Surrey my Cornelius I'm going to tell a Thanksgiving story. It's a fable couldn't be anything else if you told it Now listen to this my trigger-tongue trooper last year at this time my car called me out to the garage Quite a car too Hap once a year. She overhauls me Wow and on Thanksgiving day too. Harlow She said I have an empty feeling and I'm so confounded thirsty all the time I think you ought to do something about it I'd like to end up Thanksgiving day with that fine full feeling that lulled you to sleep as soon as the Mince pie disappeared Well, how am I pretty says I can always be accomplished easy. She chimes I need to switch to an auto light stay full battery. Why with an auto light stay full battery I'll never be thirsty and if you use me normally I'll need only three drinks a year What's more with the oversized electrical capacity and fiberglass insulation of that auto light stay full battery I'll have more power stay lively longer and save you time trouble work can worry and Harlow for a fellow as lazy as you are think what all this means Well when she came up with all those points in my favor I hurried I hastened I hurdle till I was exhausted and by Christopher I got an auto light stay full battery and gave it to Clarissa. I called my car Clarissa Thanksgiving morning. We took a spin and I could tell she was happier than a penguin with skis It sounds like Harlow in Wonderland. Well now let's get back to Margaret O'Brien and the screaming woman And now auto light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage Miss Margaret O'Brien as Margaret in the screaming woman a tale well calculated to keep you in After a while I stopped crying I Had to get back to the lot where that woman was screaming I was locked in I tied his sheet to the bed and let it out the window and chinny down to the ground Then I ran to the garage and got shovels and ran to the empty lot Some was almost down and it was getting cold. I started to dig fast It was Dippy Smith who was 10 years old the same as me he goes to my school What you digging for for a screaming woman? She's down in the ground and I'm going to dig her up. You can help me dig There's an extra shovel. I don't hear nothing. I don't dig unless I hear a scream then listen. I Don't hear nothing Just wait you will There did you hear it? Hey, that's okay. Do it again. Do what again the screen do it again Go on give you this egg. You teach me to do it Dog did you get that ventriloquist book for a diamond from that magic company?  Oh sure Her name is Wilmish Weigar and he's a rich old lady a hundred and sixty years old And she was buried by a crook named Spice. Come on Dippy dig. There's a woman buried here Well sure you said so Maggie. Oh, don't you believe me? I wasn't throwing my voice come back Dippy I'm gonna dig in. Hey, there really is a woman here. That's what I told you. Come on. Let's dig How's she breathing? Do you think I I think she's in the fort? Remember I still hear what you kids think you're doing I'm tired of chasing you out of this lot.  Kelly. There's a woman screaming You kids beat it. Do you hear? Yes, sir, but listen mr. Kelly. Don't you hear? I don't hear a thing and neither do you now now beat it Mr. Kelly somebody's got to dig her up. Don't argue with me or I'll phone your folks This is my property. Do I have to put up a fence? Why should I spend money to keep people off my own property? Dippy, it's him. He's the one, huh? He murdered mrs. Kelly.  She came to why you saw him? He stood right there when she screamed wouldn't pay any attention. Hey, that's right He stood right there and lied to us What do we do Maggie? There's only one thing to do well phone the police and tell them to come and arrest mr. Kelly Oh Hey, they sure got here fast, baby. Shh. Don't make a sound Kelly in the house Yes, he went right home from the lot mr. Kelly. Yes, and what can I do for you? Is mrs. Kelly at home this evening? Why sure. Can I see her sir? Why sure hey Anna? What's up? You got a call? Oh? Good evening, ma'am. Oh, I'm sorry folks. We got a call that mrs. Kelly was buried alive in an empty lot So I like some kid calling, but we ought to make sure Always checking off. Yeah, I can't It's those blasted kids if I ever catch them as break their necks Maggie. Geez it mr. Kelly telephones my dad I'll get a lickin. What do we do about the screaming woman?  I'm not going near that lot again wait tippy, huh? I know why he didn't hear the screams Kelly sort of death. Mama says he's hard of hearing He heard us didn't he heard the cop he reads people's lips But he couldn't hear the screaming woman because he couldn't see her if he come on We got to dig some more no sir. Oh, we've got to we're all ready to pick up trouble over your darn old ventriloquist boys I'm not going to get any more trouble. No sir And he went off and left me alone. I Wanted to crawl down under the ground with a screaming woman and died too It was dark now and dad would be hunting for me if he found me I get a licking and be put to bed, and then nobody would help the screaming woman at all There was only one last thing to do So I did it to go all over the neighborhood from house to house and find out who's missing Hello, dear. Hello, Mrs. Griswold. Is anybody missing from your house? Is your sister from Detroit still here? Yes, she's sitting right over there by the radio. Don't you see her? I only wanted to see her Mrs. Griswold I was just wondering. I just wanted to know if she was here Hello, Mrs. Pikes, you're looking good. I'm glad to see you're at home Mrs. Pikes. I'm awful glad Mr. Hyde is your wife still here? Dora, aren't you out pretty late Margaret? Yes. Oh, hello, Mrs. Hyde What is it Margaret? I just wanted to see you Mrs. Hyde. That's all The hours were just rolling along and I rang bells and knocked and I rang bells I was about to give up when I came to the Nesbitt's house The house was quiet like nobody was at home, but I saw a dim spooky light inside somewhere So I just kept knocking and knocking. Oh What do you want? Oh nothing, Mr. Nesbitt. I only wanted to see Mrs. Nesbitt. She's not here She's gone to the store at night besides it's closed today. I think the drugstore down on Clark Street Oh, well, then she ought to be back pretty quick. I'll come in and wait. Hey wait a minute.  I wasn't doing anything Oh, looks like you were packing or something with all those boxes and trunks around Going away. Oh Helen's been sorting things out getting rid of a lot of stuff. Oh Burning it up in the fireplace. Yeah, that's right Dad always burns our junk out in the alley Clown smell awful when they burn. Look here Helen may have gone on from the store to visit a friend Well, if she doesn't come back soon, I'll leave. Yeah, I'll tell you we're here What do you want to see her about? Oh nothing much. Hey, that's too bad. What I guess you lost the key to that box You had to break the lock. No, no, it was broken already Yeah, I bet your folks don't know where you are kid. No, sir. They think I'm in bed What friend did Mrs. Nesbitt go to visit? Well, I don't know what I Mean look kid. I ought to tell you she won't be back tonight. Oh No, she went to the store like I said, but she was going from there over to Beachwood to visit her mother On a bus she'd be gone two or three days.   She she doesn't want people to know for a while. Oh You know how to keep a secret kid. I guess so I'll give you something for not telling now. I'll give you a reward Let's see Hey, here's something for a kid a doll a doll. Yeah, how long was gonna give me? I heard her say when she was sorting the stuff. She said I'll give this to the little leery girl Mrs. Nespot always calls me Margaret. Well sure. That's what she said Margaret It's quite a doll old-fashioned. It's made a lot of them faces China or something. Mm-hmm Thank You mr. Nespot. It's a reward for not saying anything about Helen being gone understand Now come on. I'll snap on the porch light. Mr. Nespot. Did you finish your driveway? What do you mean? Did you get all the dirt hauled off to make it smooth? Sure Sure now come on. I saw your dump truck in the lot this morning. And what do you mean? Were you in a lot this morning? No, no, I was at home. I looked out the window. Please mr. Nespot let go of my arm.  Oh don't that hurts. I wasn't playing. It's no fun now with our photo covered up the fourth What's that nothing nothing mr. Nespot tell me what you're talking about nothing, but that old concrete pipe You know something that's why it came here. You've been snooping around that lot and you found out something What do you know? I don't know anything. Let me go mr. Nespot. If you don't let me go out. I'll give you something else I'll give you something else Mr. Nespot yell because I kicked him bit his hand then I ran but I heard him running after me Quiet and scary on the streets and more scary out there in the lot I ran straight across the place where I heard the screaming And all of a sudden there was a man in the lot right in front of me stop Margaret. Oh Oh daddy Margaret where have you been you have any idea how your mama's worried? You know how late it is daddy daddy's after me We've been down alleys and clear down the Clark Street. I was about to call the police the screaming woman It's Mrs. Nespot down there.  It's true. You've got to be Margaret I'm going to lick you right now right here. I've had enough What have you got there? What did you get that doll? Well, I gave it to a leery Kids stop by the house. I remember Helen said she wanted to throw it away Helen said to throw it away. He's lying dad. He gave it to me. So I wouldn't tell about her It was locked up in a box. He didn't have the key. He broke it open.   How do you get that we're gonna never let you have that doll it was locked up It was a present. I gave her a long time ago. She wouldn't throw it away anymore And I'd throw away the paperweight. She gave me why are you lying charlie?  It's the screaming woman as God is your witness Margaret run to the house phone the police and tell them to hurry tell them we've got to dig Daukeen the screaming woman isn't screaming anymore They've got a lot of people down there digging her up, and you know what else tippy they're going to uncover our fort again. Oh Dippy wasn't it a keen Thanksgiving and for a splendid performance. Miss. O'Brien will return in just a moment All right, stay full battery fable wasn't bad coming from a fairly fabulous Fibu. Ah, but you haven't heard all of it Hap why buy Cornelius Clarissa? That's my car spoke to me again this morning. Thanks to you She said and that auto light stay full battery. This has been the happiest year of my life. Why even these cruel cold mornings I've got that auto light pep that stay full battery get up and go Well Clarissa I says to my gas buggy You're the queen of the may the last with the delicate air and the pride of Wilcox alley all in one What do you want now my Thanksgiving precious and she says just to go to sleep out in the garage once again My Harlow you can even use my auto light stay full battery for a pillow happy slumber and good night everybody and remember auto light means batteries stay full batteries Auto light means spark plug ignition engineered resistor spark plug auto light means ignition systems the lifeline of your car And now here again is Miss Margaret O'Brien. It's been just wonderful being on suspense And I hope you let me come back again sometime. We will Margaret And now let me tell our listeners about next week Claude Reigns and Vincent Price in the famous mystery story the hands of mr. Ottermole another gripping study in suspense Margaret O'Brien appeared by arrangement with Metro golden mayor producers of the Technicolor picture the three musketeers starting Lana Turner Jean Kelly and June Allison tonight suspense play was by Ray Bradbury Adapted for radio by Sylvia Richards with music composed by Lucian Morawek and conducted by Ludbliskin The entire production was under the direction of Anton M leader In the coming weeks suspense will present such stars as Rosalind Russell James Cagney Ronald Coleman William Bendix and many others Make it a point to listen each Thursday to suspense radios outstanding theater of thrills and next Thursday Same time here Claude Reigns and Vincent Price in the hands of mr. Ottermole Ben show signing off. Good night switch to This is CBS the Columbia broadcasting system


Orientation of mobility is definitely a specialist field. All of our practitioners have to study to become an orientation of mobility specialist. It's very unique to the low vision and blindness world so we spend a lot of time understanding vision impairments, understanding the impact of vision impairment on functionality, so real world, real life activities and then developing strategies and learning to use mobility aids so that people are able to function in the community as they wish to. We get referrals from wide and varied sources but once they come into Guide Dogs Victoria we make contact with people. We've been in about 48 hours so we've got a customer service team that make that happen and then we're allocating our referrals onto our practitioners, our orientation and mobility specialists. From there it's about making contact, booking in an assessment process really where we go and see the person in their own environment. Usually that's in their home if they're comfortable for that to happen. We go through an assessment process where we're attempting to understand their vision status, the functional impacts of that and looking at their mobility status most importantly. We look at the clients very holistically so we try to liaise with any other professionals that might be working with that person and that's wide and varied in itself as well. You name it allied health professionals, medical professionals, general practitioners, other service providers like social workers, case managers, whomever it might be. We can do all of that liaising so we've got a full picture of each person and that really gives us an opportunity to build that full picture of each person, each client that comes into Guide Dogs and then really shape an individual tailored program that meets their goals and so part of that assessment process is understanding what the client's goals are. What is it they want to be able to achieve? In terms of orientation and mobility that's usually about accessing the community safely. It can be about accessing home, it might be about accessing a workplace as well but if it becomes apparent that the person is looking for support with activities of daily living or any particular occupations then we can make internal referrals to our occupational therapy department. So we do try to look very holistically and make sure that each person's goals, whatever they may be in the context of their low vision of blindness, are met. We're really fortunate in that we're not tied to having to provide short SWIFT programs. We can provide a program that suits a person's needs and so sometimes that might be quick, it might just be an assessment education process but equally if someone needs supports across many years, it continues that way and often that might be on and off services that they might need so going through one training program to develop some skills the person might then go away and consolidate those mobility skills but then they might come back to us with some new goals, perhaps something like tackling public transport or needing to access a new workplace. So we spend a lot of time making sure that family, friends, employers, whomevers involved in that person's life, understands the circumstances, when necessary can reinforce the skills that we've taught, that need to be practised between sessions and education for family and friends is vital. We've got dedicated teams here that have very specific skills so we've got our children's mobility service and also our quiet brain injury mobility service and so the practitioners that work within those teams are specialising on a daily basis just with children or just with a quiet brain injury and that really I suppose means that we're the experts I think we're the only provider that has a specialised brain injury mobility service and we're good at it.


My brothers and sisters in the next ten minutes I would like to talk about the topic of marriage and divorce. ڈلاک meaning divorce We need to save ourselves from marital discord by choosing the spouse for the right reasons. It doesn't mean the most handsome person is who you should run after or the most pretty of the girls is the one whom you feel will be the best wife.eringاCommitment not necessarily you need to look for character for conduct tunes and for commitment to Allah if there is commitment to Allah سبحانو حالہ it is known as dean the religion the faith the inclinations to Allah and if there is character and conduct you will enjoy the person's company this is what you need so Allah سبحانو حالہ sayin not until he warn us and he speaks about divorce and he جانتے ہیں about the rights of men and women many people they come into the house and the man says I'm the boss here I'm the boss here so you do exactly as I say you're a woman you're supposed to be under me and I can tell you anything now come kiss my toes استغفر اللہ استغفر اللہ honestly there are people who do this there are people who say this but Allah says in verse number 228 فلورت البقرہ وَلَهُنَّ مِثلٌ لَّذِ عَلَيْهِنَّ بِلْمَ عُرُوفِ indeed for them meaning for the women are rights just like the men have rights you need to fulfill each other's rights some of them are interlinked some of them are the same some of them the man has more rights than women and some of them the woman has more rights than the man this is Allah's plan so Allah says fulfill each other's rights help each other remember that is your spouse make life easy for them not difficult and Allah سبحانہ و تعالى then speaks about the scenario where the marriage is broken down in the in the verses of Suratul بقرہ Allah سبحانہ و تعالى explains to us how divorce takes place you only ever issue one طلاق if you really have to divorce your wife or a woman you need to only issue one طلاق one a lot of people think oh just rattle out this word thrice and that's the way you divorce a person that's wrong that is actually a sinful way of doing things you need to know that it's wrong you only ever issue one طلاق and thereafter you are given approximately 3 months to reconcile if you wish and if you haven't then she can marry whom she wants and as it is your life continues but if you have reconciled within 3 months alhamdulillah you can take her back and you can live once again and then you issue a second طلاق if you do not get a well thereafter after the second one you only have the last meaning the third when the third happens you cannot get back to her so people say I've divorced my wife thrice I can't get back to her why well you tried once you tried a second time now the third time let someone else try سبحان اللہ perhaps they will get along with someone else the third time meaning once you divorced her you issued one طلاق and then you lived again you didn't get along everything broke down beyond repair another طلاق went through it broke down again beyond repair now a third time if she marries someone else perhaps they will be better qualities in that person and if without your planning or interference she happens to be divorced from the second person it only makes sense that she will now appreciate you the reason is she will realize this man had 20 weaknesses but the guy I went to after him had 200 weaknesses سبحان اللہ this man used to smoke 10 cigarettes that guy used to smoke 10 packets of cigarettes may Allah forgive us so then when she comes back she will appreciate it so this is one of the very important points that Allah raises ever when the period of ڈہ is being passed or is passing Allah سبحان اللہ تعالى warns us and Allah سبحان اللہ تعالى says you don't take back a woman in order to punish her some people said you know what I'm going to punish this woman I'm not going to divorce her I'm just going to keep her and let her hang let her do what she wants did you know that she actually get what is known as a فسخ she can get a nullification of that marriage she can she can actually do it without you do you know that if she has legitimate reason a lot of the women don't know this because we've kept them in the dark we don't want them to know this but they can actually get a nullification of that ڈیکار Allah says keep them in goodness on good terms or release them on good terms but don't hold them back in order to punish them as mentioned verse number 231 of them where Allah سبحان اللہ تعالى says وَلَا تُمْ سِکُونَ ضِرارَ اللی تَعْتَدُوا do not hold them back in order to harm them in order to punish them release them let them go let them go happily with a smile perhaps they will regret perhaps they will say you know this man was really a good man look he released me and I'm gone home سبحان اللہ he didn't harm me he didn't hurt me and he didn't hold me back to punish me so alhamdulillah it was something good however let's remember my brothers and sisters we save ourselves from the punishment of Allah when you hold back a woman knowing that you don't want her but you don't want to release her Allah will punish you at some stage in this world and the next may Allah not do that to us may we not do that to anyone then Allah سبحانہ و تعالیٰ says something interesting to the fathers of the girls we all have dreams we all have children may Allah bless those who don't have children with children but those of us who do when they grow older we all have a dream we want to get them married here we want to get them married there and so on but we don't realize sometimes they want to marry someone we didn't even expect so if they want to marry that person for as long as their dean is in order and their character is in order let them get married because this child is not yours it's actually Allah's child it's actually Allah's worshiper you are only a custodian for a period of time Allah can take that child away at any time you need to fulfill that examination question the answer needs to be correct what is the question will you let this amana of mine Allah is saying marry according to what I have dictated or do you want to add your own flavor and pepper whether it's a racial issue or any other issue tribal issue sometimes it's an issue of nationalities and so many other things all that we have made up it's not from Allah remember this so Allah warns us about this but what is more difficult is when your child is married and then she's divorced from that man and she wants to go back to him but you as a father or mother saying no way don't go back no way I'm not happy I will disown you I'm never going to talk to you again and the child is saying but dad I've got two children with this particular man and you know what I think it's okay I will manage I will cope no way we don't want over my dead body Sahaja I'm making dua Allah let this man die over his dead body Allah he said over his dead body we don't want that to happen my brothers and sisters listen to what Allah says Allah says verse number 232 of Surat Al Baqarah Allah says when the ida is over they are divorced do not stop them from getting married they are again to their spouses whom they were divorced from if they have agreed both of them are happy they want to get back together you don't block them imagine this is a verse of the Quran and some of us go against it openly clearly blatantly never don't ever go back and Allah is saying let them go back they know if they want to let them go I want to say one last point before I close let your child make a mistake rather than them becoming mad and depressed rather than your home breaking may Allah سبحانہ و تعالیٰ bless us all insha Allah we will continue tomorrow until then


It's not dead. I just enjoy watching Mother Nature working.  Most people say, well, that can't be that. To this, it is. The manure pile itself, as a composted, stays at a fairly high temperature. But it'll only do that if you keep it turned over and keep it aerated and give the bacteria some oxygen to live on. When I joined the farm as the agronomist, I quickly identified we could do a better job with this fertility and make it kind of the hub of our fertility program. But the only way we were going to be able to do that was to get it in a transportable package, so to speak. And that's where you fall back on the idea of composting. Diversification is important. Utilizing the acres that you have, soil health, all those buzzwords, compost, is at the peak of that. Yeah, it's been 15 years since I've started to do this. And every year is a new experience, but I really enjoy doing it and I enjoy talking about it. We're taking that management, that stewardship, to the next level. And we're going to have to start moving away from the synthetic fertilizers, from relying on that. And if we're about building our soil health, it's putting that organic matter back on the soil.


Hello, I'm Lieutenant Daniel McGrath. I'm the chaplain with Destroyer Squadron 7. I've been coordinating commservs in support of Pacific Partnership 2012. Today's group of 18 volunteers came to this site, which is the Go and Educate non-governmental organization. What we've done here so far today is meet with the kids in the central location of the campus. We sang songs with them, we played some games. We listened to their fledgling orchestra perform, and then we all took a tour of the site. This has been a success because we came here out of human interest. Our activities have centered around our donations, but also simple interactions with the kids, playing games, singing songs and just having a good time.


So today I'm going to be sharing with you the same study strategies that I loved using, whether it be in college, high school, medical school, and now still even as a full-time physician. And these are the same study strategies that I used to get a 4.0 in high school, 3.8 in college, and a 3.9 in medical school. So let's get into it. Hey guys, welcome back to channel. In case you're new here, my name is Laksh and I'm an internal medicine physician. Some people call me Dr. Thirvidhi, but you can call me Laksh. And here in the channel, I try to help you succeed on whatever journey you're on, but doing it with less stress. And today, we are going to try to help you make your studying less stressful. So while we're watching this video, you're like, man, those are some good tips. Like hit the like button. That's all I ask. And add your comments down below. And after you watch this video, if you want more of our study tips, definitely check out this video right here on how you can study, start to finish like a pro. And this is my favorite video that we have here on this channel of how you can use Anki like a pro. A lot of people like this one. So those will be linked down below. But watch this video and then go check out those two. And then finally, if you're interested, there are programs that we have for you at the MD journey that I've created with all my favorite study strategies kind of broken down step by step. And so those will be linked down below in case you're interested, but let's get into it. So study technique number one that I swear by is to use a high yield resource first. Now lectures are amazing. But honestly, I get a little bored when I go to college class or medical school class, because sometimes a lecturer talks about what they think is important, but it isn't something that I really need, you know, a few years down the line as a physician or when you're in college or whatever it is to graduate. So it would just be nice if somebody could tell me like five minutes, like you're about to learn about high blood pressure here, the main things you need to take away instead of like a 60 minute or 90 minute lecture. And then realize the most of stuff was just like very fluffy and detail oriented. And I know a lot of you guys have this problem because you comment down below and saying, I don't know how to tell what's high yield and what's not. What do I do? I go to class and I'm just like confused out of my mind. This is where high yield resources comes super handy. One, if you're trying to learn something super quickly, or two, if you want to also identify like what's high yield and what's not a high yield resource and my personal favorites are things like videos. Let me just show you an example. One of my favorite resources that I love using and I recommend to a lot of medical students are things like Osmosis. So Osmosis is a free YouTube channel. Obviously they have a paid product as well, which I'll talk about in a future video, but you can pick any topic that you want to learn about. And there's like 800 videos on their YouTube channel, whether it be congestive heart failure, HIV, bipolar, and they're relatively quick six to 12 minutes here. And then if you use my speed listening technique and I'll link that video down below to really help yourself listen to things faster, you can watch these videos a few times. And so my ideal structure is to listen to some kind of high yield resource. I use this even as a doctor now. If it's been a while since I've taken care of somebody with, for example, schizophrenia, I could watch this video really quickly, whether it be an elevator and just kind of listen to it on two acts. And now I have the basic knowledge of how to kind of manage and how to diagnose if I needed to different things about schizophrenia or things like HIV. And they're like, oh, I forgot like the signs and how it's transmitted and a lot of those basic science things. I could watch this video and then feel comfortable like taking care of patients in a HIV clinic tomorrow. Things just come back nicely. But if you're in school, whether it be in college or medical school or anything else, one of the great strategies is that you can look at the lectures for the next day and say, okay, let me see if I can find two to three videos, five to 10 minutes each and listen to them at 1.5 to 2x, just to give an idea of what is supposed to be important.  Honestly, all I'm trying to use a study technique for is to get an idea of what somebody considers to be important. So when I go to lecture the next day or if I hear about it in a patient the next day, I'm sick. I've heard that before in the video and I hear it now, ding, ding, ding, you need to remember that for the future. And as a bonus strategy, if I do find a video that's super effective and I was like, oh, I really want to understand the analogy they shared in there or the way they taught it just like stuck. And what I'll do is I'll finish the video, not take notes, and then I'll take my notebook. And so this is the notebook that I use to track all my medical kind of knowledge and be easily be able to refer to in the future if I want to teach any medical students, and then basically see if I can create it from scratch. And if I know it, then perfect. But usually the first time around, I think I know something, but there's a bit of knowledge that I'm still kind of missing. So if the video is short, and that's the benefit of it, I can watch it again now at 2x and listen specifically for that kind of misconnection that I did in class the first time. And I'm already kind of feeling more comfortable with the material. And again, this is all before going to lecture. So in your schedule, if you can add an extra hour to where you're kind of doing not necessarily pre reading, but pre learning, so that you can go into lecture and truly feel like you already kind of seen the material. This is one of my favorite ways to do it. Now technique number two, I make a bunch of videos about this and those are using Anki flashcards. Now earlier in the video, I mentioned that you guys definitely need to check out this video on how to use Anki like a pro. Even if you've used Anki before, there are going to be a lot of advanced techniques. If you've never used it, then definitely check this video out because it walks you step by step. But Anki is basically a space repetition tool that uses flashcards. Whenever you're learning something, let's just imagine you have 50 topics. There are some topics that you're going to be amazing at, some topics not so great at, and some topics you're absolutely garbage at. Ideally, you would like to see more of the garbage topics, more of the average topics, and less of the things that you're good at. And that's exactly what Anki does. So you can make your own flashcards and the beauty of Anki is that you can make your own flashcards. You can use other flashcards that people have made and the most important thing, it's free. And because I've made full blown out step by step tutorials here on the channel about how to use Anki, all of those will link down below into tutorials. So make sure you definitely check that out. And if you're on the fence, you're like, no, I'm not going to check it out. Then consider checking it out for just the purposes of learning my screenshot method because that's the exact same technique that I use to go from 10 hours of studying in medical school to like five to six and still got even better grade. So if that encourages you guys to check out the video, that'll be linked down below. Now, technique number three that I love is the brain dump. Now, this is a technique I talked about on the channel and before explaining exactly how it works, I think it's more important to explain kind of what it's for. A lot of times when we're studying for testing, it may be good.  But if you have a second or third order question, that's like, how do these things relate when this is not working? That requires you to have a different level of understanding of the material and more kind of in depth of how things are connected. Usually our typical styles of flashcards outlines, you know, writing things on whiteboards don't really work. And so the way the brain dump works is you can use a notebook or a blank scratch piece of paper like we did earlier and try to create a lecture from memory really quickly through scribbles on a piece of paper again from memory. The beauty of this activity is usually after you reviewed a lecture after class, you can kind of remember the structure and the flow it's talked about, but you will be able to quickly identify saying, I remember there was something here. Don't really actually remember the content. You can quickly put a star or highlight it and then try to do the rest of the lecture as much as you remember.  And then once, you know, you take the time to do that, you can go ahead and then try to recreate it again from scratch. And every time you do this, now you have a better full understanding of the entire lecture and not just one piece of information. And so one of my favorite ways of using the brain dump, but this will be approach that is on the weekends, I kind of create a list of all the different things that really have tripped me up. And then I try to do a brain dump, whether it be on the whiteboard or on the scratch piece of paper, but if I can do those or especially going into an exam, then I feel comfortable saying, okay, at least I know this topic enough to recreate the lecture from memory, I'll probably be okay for the actual thing. A technique number four that I absolutely love using is to use practice questions to really focus on my weak points. Now throughout the week of learning anything, whether it be a medical score or college, maybe let's start identifying things like this area is like not my best. And so it'd be nice to have practice questions that could ideally be similar to the ones that would show up to exam, or will force you to have that kind of well interconnected knowledge of the material to answer the questions correctly. And so a medical school, I would have get the question bank or an all in one resource and I've made different videos on this, but if you guys are interested, just add the comments down below and I'll be happy to tell you if one resource is better than the others. But having some source of practice questions, whether it's something that your school provides or something that you buy separately, and then doing them on one set time, I'd prefer like doing them on a Saturday, like one PM, just doing it for a certain amount of time. So instead of saying, I'm going to do 40 questions, I'm going to say I'm going to do 30 minutes of questions and I do as many as I can. And the beauty of this now I've had a week of doing high yield resources, doing flashcards, doing brain dumps, and I can come into one session and saying, well, truly like, let's like point it out how well do you really know this knowledge. And if you think that as a physician, I don't do this anymore, absolutely not true, because I actually have to study for my licensing exams as an internal medicine physician. So as you guys can see, I do practice questions on my phones all the time, whether it be on work or a specific day on the weekend. And so again, this is my opportunities of physician saying, oh, you read about something in cardiology, let's see if you can answer your questions about cards, because then I can look at those questions and saying, you thought you knew this, but you answered all these questions incorrect about hypertension, you should go read back and do a brain dump and do more flashcards about blood pressure and watch more videos. So then you can answer these questions truly effectively the next time, but don't worry guys, I know how to take care of blood pressure, I think. And finally, the study technique that I probably swear by the most and definitely work a lot with my one-on-one students. So if you're interested, I'll be linked down below is to create a checklist of your most difficult topics. Now, let me just show you kind of how this works step by step. So I'm just going to go ahead and show you my screen. So this is my Notion dashboard. And just to give you an example, I have kind of various different topics that I like to study. So for example, here's my cardiology notebook and Notion. And as I'm learning different things, I kind of add this to my Notion dashboard, but you can do this for your own class you're learning. But you would add the piece of knowledge that may be difficult. So I have like actual bits of information. But for you, it may just be cardiogenic shock or let me just say, for example, troponins or how to do chest pain stratification. But it may be a general topic and then you can categorize them. But the beauty of this is that then when I come in the weekend, I can say, okay, let's sort these by difficulty. So maybe I can look at a piece of information of saying, oh, that's actually pretty difficult on a scale of one to five or just make arbitrary numbers. And this is actually pretty easy. So now through Notion, I'm essentially sorting all the topics that I'm labeling five will move to the top. And so then when I'm coming on my weekend review sessions, I can choose to do these first before I do all my ones. And as the test is coming around, you know, ideally, if I review this topic and like, I don't actually remember how balloon pumps work, let me just go watch a video on this and the high yield resources. And I'm able to link those in an extra column. Then once I feel comfortable, I'm saying, oh, that went from a five to a three. And I'm going to go ahead and hit a checkbox next to it. And then you can go ahead and change your other fives to a threes. And that just helps move different things up. And if there's something that used to be hard or excuse me, something that used to be easy, but now it's difficult because it's been a while as you can move it up on the board. So that way when you go to your weekend review, you have a different list of topics and different level priorities. So as I'm going through my week, I'm like, ah, here's a bit of information that I learned about in the video or learned about in class, but it's just like not sticking to keep having to see the flashcards. I missed the question on a practice kind of Q bank on this. I just add this to a list. And as I go into a test, my main goal is to be able to check all of these off because if I can, that means I know all the material, both the easy and the hard topics I wasn't comfortable with. And I feel prepared for the exam. So you can do this however you want. When I was in college, I would create a word doc and basically color code different things based off my comfort level. So if I thought it was really easy, I would make it green. If it was really hard, I would make it kind of like a shaded red. So something that's like average, I would put an orange. And then every time I would come back to that word doc, I would change the colors of things depending on how well I felt comfortable. The main goal was to try to make everything green, at least a little bit of orange, no reds. But those guys are some of my favorite study techniques that I swear by, I still use to this day as a physician, definitely. And definitely the techniques that I like to go to first or try to implement for a student whenever I'm working with a student one-on-one. If you guys are interested in working with me or through our coaching programs, just go ahead and check out the link down below. You can also see the reviews that past students have gotten. And if you want to improve your studying, but do it more in a DIY kind of style, totally get it and definitely check out some of their free resources like this video here of how to study from start to finish, as well as this video how to use Anki. But you can also check out some of our programs down below kind of help you expedite the process. If you like this over-the-shoulder look of how to use certain study techniques, but most importantly, you really don't care of how I study, you want to see how these study techniques could be used in your life, then check out some of our programs like the Level Up for Studying program, Rapid Study Accelerator, or the Domination Bundle. If you have any questions about which program may be the best for you, definitely send me a DM on Instagram or comment down below. Happy to help you. And with that being said guys, if you did enjoy this video, all I really ask is one, consider using one of these study techniques and seeing how it works to ideally improve your studying and ideally time that it takes for you to learn something. If it worked out, go ahead and add the comment section down below.  That actually didn't work at all. I'd love to hear your feedback. And two, consider hitting that like button because most importantly, it tells me I like videos like this. You should make more videos like that and I'll listen if there's enough likes. But two, there may be somebody out there who's like, man, my studying is not where I want it to be. I just need to have this magical video pop up of how to study better. Your like may make it more likely that YouTube shows it to them on their feed. So do favorite, like hit it at once, maybe twice, like three or four times. Smash and destroy that it doesn't exist. If you're new to the channel or if you're just lurking around, you're like, I'm not going to hit that subscribe button. Consider doing so because there's more videos coming out like this on a weekly basis, more interesting content coming out and hit that ring and notification bell to know when new videos go out. But as always guys, I love you guys so much. Thank you for making it to the end of the video. Appreciate your support. Hopefully it was a little help to you guys on your journey. Thanks for being a part of mine. And again, if you did enjoy this video, two videos you like this video on how to study like a pro start to finish. Definitely watch that as well as this video on how to study using Anki like a pro full breakdown. But as always, thank you so much for watching the video. I'll see you guys in the next one, my friends. Peace.