What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here so my halloween ends in this video here again today So we now know when the trailer for halloween ends will be releasing and I'll talk about some other new plot details I was able to confirm from somebody who was in a test screening and also from viewer non So as you see here from Dave McCrae, he first reported this honestly He put out this tweet that says what do the ringing that halloween ends trailer have in common Obviously the answer to that would be seven days and then of course a few hours later Jamie Lee Curtis put out a tweet saying July 20th, which was seven days from yesterday I guess so we're gonna get the trailer on July 20 of next Wednesday and once Dave tweeted this out I just knew that was basically a confirmation. I'll go into explanation as to why later on after this So viewer not put out this tweet talking about he said over the last few weeks that halloween ends Is is divisive one of those big reasons why is there's a new there's a new lead his name is Corey He's played by Rohan Campbell and by all accounts his role is bigger than both Laurie and Allison He's the glue holding the movie together now Rohan Campbell. I actually made a video talking about Rohan Campbell and how he's but he is most likely a cast member due to a photo of him on set with both Allison and Laurie in this case, of course Andy and And Jamie Lee Here he is with both of them on set of halloween ends. That's him in the back. So that's Rohan Campbell He's playing a character named Corey and apparently Corey might be the new Boogie man in town and the town seems to be possibly thinking that he's the next Michael Myers Now that matches up with something I was told so I won't go into any real specifics there But I was told something like that along the lines from someone else I trust very much when they come to me with certain intel So that was something that was told me a few weeks ago and now seeing that these test screens have happened to kind of validate that I'm like wow that I'm actually in Am intrigued to see what they do with the character of Corey, but we'll see how that all plays out and The other things I want to talk about with someone else reached out to me talking about their experience at the test screening I'm not gonna go into who they were and all these other things those of you who watch my note videos You know the same thing happen with those note note videos I put out I guess I'm growing enough to the point where yes, even people in attendance at test screen is no know about me And they reach out and just tell me things So I've been told that yes the movie does indeed for halloween ends If you don't want any minor spoilers or anything like that I guess click away Honestly again, just like yesterday's video these are things that I would say are the equivalent of me telling you Someone has chocolate has a taste of chocolate ice cream or a bite of chocolate ice cream in the movie They're completely minor. I was told that the movie itself I guess is gonna kick off in 2019 and I'm assuming this is gonna be with Corey's character, maybe and Then it jumps into 2022 I was also told that Michael Myers Was in them in their cut that they saw cuz they actually screened two cuts at these test screenings They told me that the cut they saw Michael wasn't really in the movie He was more like a Background figure for a lot of it before finally making his presence known and I liked what they were telling me Well, they were they were coming off in a way that was disappointed with that The reason I like that though is because it is kind of validating There's a chance we get that less is more approach And it also sounds kind of similar to a halloween 5 concept that Dave McCrae also Made a couple years ago where he was talking about how they should have done halloween 5 with Jamie in Smith's Grove or another sanitarium body start dropping around You don't see Michael throughout the movie you start thinking is actually Jamie doing that the movie plays the movie plays tricks with you and then ultimately You find out in the end of course it was Michael. He is back and you see Michael He's probably on screen for a total amount of maybe 10 minutes in that concept I think Dave was trying to get across and I'm not saying Michael's on screen for 10 minutes in this movie But it's just that we apparently don't seem like we're gonna be seeing him that much and I do like that If they of course go with that cut because a lot of people this divisiveness for these test screenings I think the fact that people saw two different cuts is also playing into that honestly I was told about the fact that the movie starts in 2019 I was also told about another actor that I confirmed or was able to confirm So we got the confirmation of Rohan Campbell from viewer non And I can also tell you that Emily Brinks is another person who is actually gonna be in the movie Emily Brinks for those of you Who watched my videos in the past where I was talking about potential cast members because we still don't even have cast member announcements I tried to do the same thing with halloween Ends that I was able to do with Jeepers Creepers 4 where I was able to track down cast members and have People reach out to me and tell me cast members and bring it to you guys Emily Brinks was one of those people I talked about Like three months ago about how she's gonna be in the movie. She actually I guess is in the movie that was what someone from the test screen was able to confirm to me in the chat and Honestly, there was some other names I threw out there as well But at this time while I'm recording Twitter is down So I don't really have the chat up with me to read through it because Twitter is down and won't let me scroll to the Places I want to scroll to right now currently Unfortunately, but yes, we are gonna be getting that trailer next Wednesday July 20th So at this point we're six days away from it depending on what hour it drops. I guess we could still be seven days But we'll see how that trailer goes down. I'm honestly still confident It's gonna be the cinema conflict that you throw in a few different things That's fine But I think it's mostly gonna go down with the recap of the 78 movie 2018 kills Getting you hyped with some dialogue or some wording over the over the clips and montage of stuff They want to recap before jumping into the new footage of Laurie hiding in the kitchen closet jumping out at the shape Then brawling her standing over him trying to stab him us getting a glimpse of him confirming that he still looks the same Maybe a little bit dirtier obviously because of how he's been living in the woods and it's gonna end from there leaving you Leaving you excited and anticipating more and I know people are gonna probably like oh They didn't show enough, but then of course they showed just too much then they showed too much The less is more is better. It is even if you get the complaints that they didn't show enough That's enough to at least still get you intrigued. I hope And then just to talk about Dave again really quick Dave McCrae is someone who he doesn't really like to go to the plate Until he actually is certain about something and I know he stated this in many other videos He probably stated this in his most recent video too. I haven't got around to watching that But I plan to big Dave McCrae supporter here I think a lot of you have already known that by now by watching some of my other Halloween videos But he doesn't really do this unless he's ultimately confident and then when he did that I was like, okay It's confirmation and then of course crew members like Jamie Lee Curtis only co-signed it But Dave McCrae reported it first He has Intel that told him that the trailer was dropping on the 20th and he gave us that little riddle figured it out Seven days the ring so we're gonna get that trailer next Wednesday But let me know just think about all this down in the comment section below if you haven't already of course make sure you subscribe turn on Postification never miss a video in the description. I have links in social media accounts on Facebook Twitter Instagram You can message me there of course eliminates any movies news or reviews You like me to cover in the future with all that in my guys. I will see you in the next video


Members, your government's core principles remain. Our province has created more jobs than anywhere in Canada since the start of the BC Jobs Plan. A record of five consecutive balanced budgets thanks to careful management. A growing economy that is the envy of Canada. These are foundations built by the hard work of British Columbians that allow us to care for each other and bridge the urban rural divide. With the means to do more thanks to BC's successes, we must and we will. British Columbians seek a better balance between economic, social, and environmental priorities. This agenda is a sincere effort to meet that desire. While we do not always agree on the best path forward, we all recognize that British Columbia is a unique place with qualities unmatched around the world. We are experiencing a time of stress from growth and change. Change that will shape us if we do not act to shape it for ourselves. Together we must ensure we harness the opportunity before us to create the future we all want for British Columbia. The May election delivered a divided result. Your government has listened to that result and brings forward this agenda to gain this house's confidence and in doing so the confidence of the people of British Columbia. It is submitted with humility and openness to change. Thank you to all members who serve in this assembly. We thank you and your families for the sacrifices you make, some of you for many years. We in British Columbia are richer for your service and dedication. I wish you all success.


being genetic causes, the way an individual has been wired from day one, the way people have been born. And we are talking about the genetic part of us. There are people who have been born and have been wired to be just the kind of people who just suffer from depression, meaning their DNA composition has been wired that way. Now, maybe there's nothing much you can do about it, but we say once we know that an individual like that, we can come up with preventive measures to make sure that that is not a situation that will make them suffer for the rest of their lives. And then we go to another reason that we say it could be biological, meaning that somewhere along the line, diseases, this actually amounts to diseases that the brain diseases may be as a cause or the cause of their depression. And we say that that one can be treated, of course, using medication and many other ways that are possible there out there. And then we go to the other way of saying it's psychological, that there are some people who suffer from depression out of psychological issues. And this comes with things like the way we think, the way we analyze situations may make us actually suffer from depression. We are different and our perception of situation is so different that for some people the way they perceive situations, they perceive things, may actually lead them to depression. And then we go to another bold part of it that we call environmental. Environment itself is enough to cause us depression. I may not be depressed today, but I'm almost there because it's a bit hot outside. Even the heat that we experience may actually cause us depression, but not really, it's a very minimal extent. But yes, all right. You just mentioned about diseases and I'm like recently we've had cases of cancer and I'm imagining someone with cancer or maybe a family member affected by cancer patients, they could be depressed. Is this true? It is very true, Hilary, because this situation is actually both like two sides of a coin. One may lead to the other. Now, a person who has this suffering from depression from all these causes that I've mentioned may also be prone to getting these other diseases. So these other diseases may come in because of depression or depression may come in because of these other diseases. So cancer being one of them as you mentioned or these others like diabetes, first of all we say mostly chronic diseases. Chronic diseases may cause depression and the depression may also cause chronic diseases. Let's put it that way in simple terms. Meaning one may cause the other. All right. And how often or how simple is it for depression to cause a disease? It is possible because for example when one suffers from depression, this person may have for example these characteristics or behaviors that we say. For example lack of sleep, what we call insomnia, or what we call sleep apnea, or what we call narcolepsy where one would be just be sleeping here, there. One may actually suffer from what we call either too much appetite, meaning this person will be eating a lot. Now we know what comes from eating a lot and when we talk about eating a lot for somebody who suffers from depression, they don't care about their diet. They just eat to fulfill that void, that particular part that is missing something. So they may not care of their diet. Now what happens when you don't care about your diet? We just eat to fill our stomach. It means that nutritional value in our bodies will have deteriorated. Many we may suffer either from malnutrition or we may suffer from obesity or we may suffer from these all these other diseases that may come with improper balanced diet. So you can imagine yes it is possible. Oh all right I didn't know that, please now I know. Now how can you tell someone is depressed and okay that's a family friend or someone I know. How can I tell this person is depressed and the individual? How can they tell they are depressed? Okay maybe I can start with the first one where this is a person standing on the side and they want to know is my daughter my mom my dad or you know my uncle are depressed. Now there are signs that we look at and they may sound actually very simple if we are always there to get to know the behaviors of this individual because the most important thing is do we understand our people that well. One of them could be insomnia as I started with. It's very simple that this person has been doing so well sleeping very well but all of a sudden they're suffering from irritability they don't get sleep. Some of them will be sleeping too much meaning that you have this for example a grown-up in the house be it a man be it a dad. All of a sudden waking up is a problem they go to bed for example early and even as they go to bed they are looking very tired so that again is another sign that something you know persistent you know a situation where they just fall tired they just become tired for no apparent reason that one can is able to identify then you say this is a sign that something is not right. Then that sleeping is too much where they'll be waking up very early during these other days but all of a sudden they just want to sleep. This other person the other area is for example the hygienic part of that of them that they don't care so much about hygiene so you realize um when you before they used to take maybe shower take care of the grooming generally but right now they don't care they don't care to the wind um they just come in maybe outside the way it's so you know dusty right now but they come and just get to bed and you're like something is not right with them. Then again the major one where we say this one cuts across but and at least we say one out of five people may go through this it is the suicidal thoughts that some individuals may develop so research is telling us that at least five I mean one out of five individuals may actually have suicidal thoughts and um some of them may actually not not just be thought but they may go ahead and try and this is where now we say we really need to be uh understandable we really need to understand our people or the significant as the people we live around with be it at work be it in our homes because what when we understand when something like this comes up we don't just look at it like they're just doing it because you cannot just try to kill yourself for fun true you can't do that when you do that we say normally it's a cry for help this person is crying for help and this is the only way they know of how to do it of how to cry so basically these are some of the things we look at some people will eat a lot of people eat a lot some will sleep a lot some will come to be hyper vigilant some will have lost interest in the things that they used to do a lot some will isolate themselves from the rest of the public then they say something is not right and those are some of the things we need to look at all right to be getting to how do you now help someone who is crying for help keep it y254 health when is the takes a break here on y254 when we come back we look more into that stay tuned y254 imagine me on y254 Many thanks for keeping us company, this is Y254 health, Wednesday I am the river Hillary and I am speaking to Zakia Rashid as a psychologist, we are talking about depression which is our mental health and now before we took that break we had addressed major factors and we looked into how do you tell someone is depressed and now we want to see this person who tries suicide they are crying for help. How do I help this person now? Okay first of all after understanding that this person we cannot just be there in the house and say that for sure we are so sure that this person is depressed. We need to also go for medical intervention because the doctor has to really assess this person and be able to tell that this person is going through depression. Now when that one has been established then first thing that will happen is the doctor will have to work out that like what are the modalities that are going to be there to help this person. Is it medical intervention where this person has to get treatment and this treatment will depend on the severity of that depression meaning this person can be given antidepressants to be able to work that situation out and these are not the drugs that are given just once. This person will be on medication for quite some time. Now apart from that again that's where we say we need to as counselors we come in and say we need also to come up in therapy where we help this individual you know try to shape up his or her life in a manner that you know you know we say that even as this person is using medication they also need to understand that they are cognitively and psychologically. So when therapies come in as counselors they are there to establish their psychological part of you know their well-being. How are they thinking and here we can introduce now what you call cognitive behavior therapy where we help them you know deal with their irrational thoughts. Maybe there are situations that are happening in life that are causing them thinking to think the way they think. Some of them will be loss of a job. Loss of a job can even cause some depression because you can imagine if this person is a breadwinner even when they are not breadwinners somebody will want to have a good life and something and have a good life. So that is itself is enough to make somebody you know get got into depression if they are trying to look for a job they can't get. So when we bring them for their obsession you want to tell them that you may not have a job but depending on what kind of a job we want or the kind of a job we want do you want to be employed can you come up with something it's better you know even if you want to be employed if you can't be employed is at the end of it can you maybe try to employ yourself you know that is self-employment what is it at your good at what is it that can do so that way we are helping them to able to deal with their irrational thoughts of what they think that without a job I can't live and that way they are able to grow and go past those irrational thoughts. So therapy does really work for the medication does really work and these two have to be they have to go hand in hand we cannot just have one and deal because when it goes to clinical depression then these people have to get into treatment. Alright now with WHO it is showed that the review or the editor showed that men are most affected compared to women and now we know naturally men are introverts they just don't speak now for our man because they had had shells how do you tell these man needs help because they won't speak. For that case we are looking at the coups what we had just mentioned because this person will not talk to us and tell us I'm going through one to three but then being a member of your family for example you are able to tell when this person has changed you know the way they've been living and that is enough to tell because this change happens gradually so today you realize that this person does not care about his hygiene this person maybe eats too much or does not care what this what he or she eats especially now this is a he it's a man or this person comes and they'll always say they're very tired and want to go to bed this person may be used to have friends but all of a sudden this person does not care about friends this person has been hasn't been drinking or has been drinking very little but now they've really plunged into alcohol and they are taking that or even other substances because it can be alcohol some people will even result into other substances then we see these are some of the things that we really need to look at and they are so obvious if they are very obvious by the way if you really understand your person then you can really tell when the changes these changes appear you can listen and say this is not normal and they need help now do we have stages of depression we say that we have we do really have them because depression what is depression it's depression actually starts with stress this is chronic stress right so it all starts with acute stress where somebody is saying we know we don't like saying out there I'm having stress oh I'm stressed out because I didn't take tea in the morning and you start wondering tea and stress where does that come from it doesn't come from but we are aware differently what I think is stress it's your treasure what you think is treasure is my trash so we do not we should not sit there and overlook this cool that we hear and say because this person is just saying they are stressed out then we just say I know we look at this and say for how long have you been stressed out because this acute stress will eventually move to chronic stress and when now it moves to chronic stress that's how we start seeing the situation now changing drastically meaning all these situations that you are talking about are starting now to come out during acute stress we hardly see changes so we just see somebody talking and laughing about it and we think this is normal but no so from acute stress now we go to chronic stress now we go to this depression and now this depression because chronic stress is already depression but now we move now from this depression to major depression what we call clinical depression so these are the stages that we follow and say if we get to understand from day one then it may we may not go to our individuals may not go to major depression all right those are the stages now we have seen people commit suicide because of depression other than committing suicide which other other areas or what else can we see now this one is serious due to depression as in the scenario which is the worst scenario okay we say that the worst case scenario could be somebody okay all these things that we mentioned are very serious if you have an individual in the household who does not sleep because they're stressed out or crying because there's a little bit of talk and they're just there crying or a little bit of a situation they cry then you just realize you can imagine a grown-up crying then you start wondering what is going on with you then you know that this is not normal this is a depression then when an individual plunges into drug and stabs some abuse then this is a serious situation and to say this is a call for help there's something wrong with this person and mostly depression when individual has decided to isolate himself of course it's not conscious it is unconscious that's an individual just pulls away from the crowd pulls away from members of them and we pull pulls away from friends then we say this is serious when an individual used to like doing this particular activity and all of a sudden they draw away from this particular activity of choice then we say this is serious when people now start absconding work they are not going to work and we've seen that a lot that all of a sudden and if you just decide I'm not going to work they've not decided something is wrong with them and in mostly it is depression so I was just look at what is causing this depression but these are the signs that are so obvious especially not going to work not participating in activities of choice in finding an individual now involving himself in drug and substance abuse then these are some of the things we look at are you just saying someone with the drawing from other people and we have seen young people immediately they withdraw from others and they sink to your to their phones and to an extent even the phones have resulted to depression now would you say social media for that case would cause depression and if it does what do we find young people most of them with the drawing from others and going to their phones okay social media yes unfortunately I'm sitting here this is social media because there's a positive and negative side of everything so we cannot say that social media is bad but what we are looking at is basically especially the youngsters what are they looking for in in these gadgets these you know electric devices and when do they get to depression because of them they are getting depressed especially we these days we have Facebook we have Twitter we have especially Instagram people post photos there and they want to see feedback from from others these are people you don't even know but you still consider them very important people in your life so when people do not get feedback from what they post they really feel bad so they start feeling bad and start analyzing themselves if there's something wrong with me that's why I'm not getting feedback maybe before they used to get and then all of a sudden the trend is you know changing what is happening with me and it's enough to keep them away then again the very same gadgets what kind of a gadget do you have and what kind of a gadget do I have you have a sleek phone I have my milikamizi that is already depression setting in because now I go talk to my parents maybe they not that they don't want to buy but they feel like maybe they cannot afford yet I don't understand because most of the time they use the teenagers don't understand and it's not because they don't want to it's because they have been born at this time when everyone is having everything so they feel like if my parents cannot provide there's something wrong with them not with me something wrong with them because they need to give me whatever I want I need to get I have to get so that assumption that I have to get so what is being posted there what the feedback that we get from public it's really affected especially the youth because they really care they are in this stage where the peers matter most true more than even the parents more even the more than the relative so for them the public response is much more important that what you get in the house so that one for them is something that is so very important and the response will actually determine whether they're acting the way they're supposed to be or they get it because once they're not getting pressed but once twice thrice and they're not getting what they want the feedback that they want they've posted or they may actually get feedback but it's negative maybe somebody has given a very bad comment on social media that one is enough to depress someone because it can depress even you and me maybe if I've done it once so you can imagine these people are always there and you see when breakups you know relationships things are happening in social media people just want to air everything in social media so the feedback and I keep on telling especially the youth when I talk to them I tell them you do not just go and air everything there because no this people don't know you they can say anything true and they have no apologies to make because after all they don't know you and they entitled the opinion entitled to their opinion so just as you're entitled to your opinion and to do whatever you think you are you can do so are they so when you get negative feedback don't start falling sick and doesn't look at it like why did this person say to me you did not tell them that you are posting something thought they had liberty to do whatever they want so if you didn't care about post it don't care about the feedback that you get it's as simple as that move on with your life you get negative feedback suck it up and move on you get positive feedback don't you know you know cause a lot of jubilation because you never know when you come back to hound you so take it as it is but try to minimize we tell the youth try to minimize on what you post the comments that you give don't air or you know all the dirty laundry there because what goes around would almost come around and it will get hit you really bad speaking of social media now let's talk about a socially in terms of relationships your partner doesn't understand you and now it could lead to a breakup and now because of this you are depressed now how do you help such a person because they have been depressed because of someone not something exactly in most cases we say in fact depression may come from you know very the very same people that we really care about and it's possible it's normal so we cannot say that we are expecting just things to happen to us because they've been caused by something but someone in fact more than often we may actually be depressed because of especially relationships relationships are sad because we have inter and intrapersonal relationship we have relationship with ourselves how much do we hold of that yeah how much do you want to relate with ourselves that one is even enough to cause us anxiety and then that may this exactly lead to depression because how we perceive ourselves the way we've been why the way we've been made our body ideal body that we want the way we want to look that is between us no one is judging us that is interpersonal intrapersonal relationship so how do we deal that it's even enough to cause us a lot of depression so when we go again to interpersonal relationships we are talking about us me and someone else it is possible and when it comes to relationship issues it's not easy because once you start a relationship whichever because we are not just talking about a relationship about boy girl or you know marriage relationship we are talking about that kind of interact it could be a liking it could just be friendship but when it breaks then it causes a lot of anxiety in this individual because when that relationship was forming there was a bond that was forming and now imagine we are breaking this bond this relationship was not formed overnight it took time to be formed so it will again take a lot of time when it breaks it takes and you know most of the time relationship break that's pop and then we go back to the media and whatever the phone somebody just send you a message it's over no like and you are like how how now how is it over and they just say you and sometimes I didn't even respond we just tell you it's over switch off their phone or even block you that is where now problem starts so we say that yes it can cause a lot of anxiety and a lot of fears and all these things put together they may lead to depression now when we help how do we help we help this individual by making them understand that relationships are not permanent if somebody to come to me as a counselor and say okay this is a what has happened first of all I said by saying relationships are not permanent these we form a relationship with a different person and this person was for some you are not even related maybe they're just friends from my even different background so you do not expect that this relationship is a mass that it has to last forever so that expected expectation that relationship do not last if at all a person will have it from day one it will not cause a lot of trouble when this relationship breaks but sometimes we will move into relationship with a lot of expectation and we are so sure that this is it this will last so when you are there and with that mindset when it breaks it becomes a problem because it's hard to deal with that negative part of it so we let people understand that relationships are there they'll always be there they are not permanent and when it does happen then give yourself time to digest all that has happened gets to know what is it that you benefited from that relationship that you can take into another what have you learned what are the lessons that you've learned before you move into another relationship so that whatever happened to this one does not happen to the next one all right now I want us to conclude giving your recommendations now Kenya is ranked sixth in Africa you in suicide cases and WTO these early these expressed concerns with Kenyan hospitals how they treat these people with mental problems because they say the legislature that is there dates back to 1989 now how do you think as a nation we can pull it back and help our people without mistreating them because they have mental problems as we wind up thank you Hillary that one is very important and I would say that it's so unfortunate that even the people we entrust our lives with who we expect to have understood the whole thing about a depression do not or they just don't want to understand because things have changed we are not living in yesteryears where we are running our lives in a very different way you know for example the social media wasn't there electrical devices weren't there things have changed and we've moved on you call ourselves millenials some of these people you know the dot coms and all these things so these things have come with its baggage meaning the way we've been treating individuals then it is not the same as the way we should individually we should understand that first of all what is really causing these this depression or mental in it because we depression is mental illness when we understand the causes we are able to deal with either the prevention or treatment and me I keep on saying we should not just start with treatment we start with prevention before we go to treatment meaning if we understand the causes of depression then we can start by psychotic cutting the community on how to prevent where I don't get a job let it not stress you where I don't have a job you can actually do extracurricular activities go volunteer you know do something that is so productive even if it does not give you a penny and you'll still enjoy go do what you enjoy exercise eat well and eat well meaning eat balanced diet don't start until you fall sick then you start now placing your meals in you know cards where you say today and eat this it's already too late so we say that the medics and the people in the hospital these are the medics they are the very same people who should psychoeducate all those who are coming there to make them understand that this is a disease and the way they treat them should be very should be you know you know you know put in a different angle that for them to understand that this is a disease they even need to talk to these to their clients that this is not normal this is it yeah we unfortunately we are out of ten many things for coming and sharing and speaking to us about depression and how we can go about it as she has been my guest as a key a russia a counselor I'm hoping back home you have learned something thank you so much for keeping us company my name is Dereva Hilary see you on a friday goodbye


Any spiritual path that excludes the idea of a family life is far away from life itself. This is a way of living. The self-realization process is grounded and founded and fundamentally with both feet in life itself. It's in the marketplace. It's not in a cave.


Today, we're going to talk more specifically about monopoly theory and offer some Austrian critiques of the theory as it's conventionally presented, and suggest some alternative ways to think about monopoly from an Austrian perspective. I suggested a couple of readings, a chapter by Dom Armentano surveying some Austrian approaches, and for a further and more advanced reading, an article by Joe Salerno that traces the history of Austrian monopoly theory from Karl Manger's day on through the 1930s. So just to recap what we talked about the last time, most neoclassical monopoly theory is really best understood in contrast with the neoclassical understanding of competition with the so-called model or theory of perfect competition, which sort of has its origins in Alfred Marshall's writings, but it was really perfected by Frank Knight and also by Kenneth Aro and Gerard De Bru as they developed the most sort of formal mathematical version of competition theory. And some version of this is what's in almost all of the mainstream economics textbooks. You remember in that understanding of competition, right, it's a very highly stylized abstract model in which you have a large number of firms each selling a perfectly identical product, such that each seller faces a perfectly elastic demand curve. And remember what that means is because each seller's product is identical to that of every other seller, and because there are so many sellers in the market, each seller is very small relative to the market as a whole. So no seller has any ability whatsoever to influence the market to drive the price up or drive the price down by withholding supply or by sending additional supply to the market. Every firm is a so-called price taker, meaning prices are exogenously determined and then the firm simply reacts to those prices in the perfect competition model simply by deciding what quantity to produce. Let's also assume that everyone in the market, every seller, every buyer has perfect information about all market conditions. And finally, and most importantly, that there is free entry and exit, meaning any seller who's not currently in the market can instantly and costlessly jump into the market and anybody who's in the market and wants to exit can immediately get out without having to worry about selling equipment or abandoning a lease in the middle of the term or something like that. Complete 100% resource mobility, anybody can get in, anybody can get out. So of course, you can see right away that this is not meant to be a description of any actual market. It's this sort of strange hypothetical construct which unfortunately ends up being used as a welfare benchmark and that's going to be really important in thinking about public policy towards monopoly and competition. So why does anybody care? Well under perfect competition, according to the standard theory, the neoclassical theory, we get the best possible outcomes that you could anticipate in terms of efficiency and consumer well-being and so forth, right? First, all prices are exactly equal to the marginal costs of production because it's assumed that each seller looks at the market price, looks at his or her own marginal cost curve, and sets quantity where the marginal cost curve and the market price intersect. So every firm is producing at the level of output where for that firm price is equal to marginal cost. Second, in the short run, firms can earn profits or losses depending on the relationship between these exogenously given prices and their average costs of production. So all firms are producing where price is equal to marginal cost but at that level, if the firm's average costs are lower than that market price, the firm will have a positive economic profit. If the firm's average costs are higher than that market price, the firm will earn an economic loss. Now you might wonder why firms would have different cost structures. That's sort of not really explained by the theory. It's just assumed that that could be the case in the short run. Now critical to understanding the supposed benefits of perfect competition are the long run outcomes, right? So in the long run, entry and exit drive prices to average costs so that all firms earn zero profits. What do we mean by that? That if firms are earning positive economic profits in the short run, then other firms will enter the market and that will help to drive down the market price. Again, no individual firm can do this, but if a lot of firms enter the market, then market prices will be driven down as supplies increase, as the quantities supplied increase, as supply curve shifts to the right, the market price will be driven down, and those positive profits will be squeezed down to zero. If firms are earning a loss, if their average costs are above the market price, then firms will exit, which remember is costless, as the supply curve shifts to the left that will tend to drive up the market price until those losses are sort of squeezed out. So in long run equilibrium, all firms, no firms earn a profit and no firms earn a loss. Every firm just exactly breaks even and earns zero economic profits. So this is supposed to be a good thing, right? Profits are bad, right? So no firms are earning profits. All goods and services are priced at prices equal to marginal cost. So we have perfect sort of allocative efficiency. Let's get the highest possible outputs, the highest possible market output at the lowest possible price, the price that just barely covers the average cost of production. Hooray! That sounds great from the consumer's point of view, although actually I was saying highest possible outputs, lowest possible prices sounds like Walmart maybe, but of course Walmart is an evil monopoly. If you look at this in a picture, which you can see on the next slide, this is a version of the picture we looked at the last time, right? You've got that perfectly elastic or horizontal demand curve, which also corresponds to the firm's marginal revenue for those of you who are interested in that little technical detail. All firms are producing where that horizontal demand curve, the market price, intersects the marginal cost curve. And in the long run, because prices will be driven up and down, they'll be driven to the point where that demand curve just hits the bottom of the U-shaped average cost curve. So there's all of the identical firms earning zero economic profits, producing where prices equal to marginal cost and where prices equal to average cost. Well, if that's competition, what about monopoly? What's the neoclassical theory of monopoly? Well, monopoly obtains when you have a market containing sellers which produce unique or differentiated products, right? Such that each firm faces a downward sloping demand curve for its product or to use the terminology that neoclassical economists use. Each firm has market power. So market power refers to the ability to raise the price above the marginal cost. And if the demand curve is downward sloping, then the firm might have the opportunity by selling less, by reducing output, to sort of ride up that upward sloping demand curve and be able to charge a higher price. So the assumption is that entry into this market is either completely blocked or partially blocked, right? And we'll talk a little bit more about why, but note that these barriers to entry could come from sort of formal legal barriers. It could be government-granted monopoly, but it could also be a market power could also come from advertising, right? The firm sort of falsely, I guess, convinces consumers that its product is unique or their economies of scale, meaning firms that are already producing at a large scale have a cost advantage over firms that are not yet in the market. So it's very difficult or impossible for newcomers to enter. In other words, it's not just government action that blocks entry in this theory. There could also be sort of naturally occurring market phenomena that also constitute entry barriers and hence give firms market power. Now who cares what's wrong with market power? Well according to Neoclassical Monopoly theory, there are a number of outcomes under monopoly that are not as desirable as those under perfect competition. So you get market quantities that are lower than the market quantities that obtain under perfect competition and you get prices that are higher, not only above marginal cost, but even above the average cost of production, right? Because the monopolist in this theory, unlike the perfectly competitive firm, is not constrained to charge whatever is the going market price because this firm sells a unique product or a differentiated product, the seller can charge whatever the market will bear. He can sort of, he or she can reduce quantity and ride up that downward sloping demand curve. The result of which, and we'll see this in a picture in just a moment, is so-called deadweight loss. There's a supposed inefficiency here in that consumers might have been willing to pay for extra units of the good at a price that is above the marginal cost, but the seller refuses to sell these units because that would reduce the seller's total profit. So the implication is that the government should step in and break up monopolies or force monopolies to charge prices and to produce quantities that are more like what you would get under perfect competition. So here's a picture of a firm with so-called market power, right? You see the downward sloping demand curve, the red line, and that downward sloping green line is the firm's marginal revenue curve. The upward sloping blue line is the firm's marginal cost curve. So the monopolist seeking to maximize profits chooses a quantity where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. That's the way you maximize profit. So where you see that QM, that's the monopoly quantity, it's determined by the intersection of the upward sloping blue line, marginal cost, and the downward sloping green line, marginal revenue. But notice the monopolist does not charge a price where the green curve and the blue curve intersect. Rather, the monopolist uses that to determine the optimal quantity, then goes all the way up to PM, right, the highest price you can charge and still sell that many units given the position of the demand curve, the red demand curve, right? So that leads to this kind of bluish-purplish area in this graphics-labeled producer surplus, but we would normally just call that profit, right? That's the area below the price that's being charged and above the marginal cost of production at the quantity chosen by the monopolist. The problem with this, according to the neoclassical theory, has to do with this little yellow triangle, right? The yellow triangle represents sort of an amount of production that could be sort of feasible, but would not be chosen by the monopolist, right? In other words, if the monopolist would increase quantity to QC, the competitive quantity where the downward-sloping red demand curve intersects the marginal cost curve, or sorry, to put it more clearly, where the marginal cost curve intersects not the marginal revenue curve, the green one, but the demand curve, the red one, right? At that quantity, it would still be possible to produce where price is above marginal cost. In other words, the firm wouldn't have to earn a loss, but the firm would earn zero economic profit at that level. So consumers would be better off, the firm would be worse off, but this little triangle represents an area, you know, a sort of potential value that nobody captures. In other words, at QC and PC, the so-called perfectly competitive outcomes, consumers would get the area equal to that larger triangle in so-called consumer surplus, the red triangle plus the top part of that blue rectangle and the top part of that yellow triangle. Producers could still potentially earn some profit, right? The area below PC, but above that blue marginal cost curve. The problem is, producers can earn even more profit by restricting output to QM, and they get that sort of trapezoid shape in bluish-purple. That leaves the consumers with less consumer surplus. They only get the little red triangle, and then you have this yellow area that's kind of lost to everyone just evaporates into the ether, and so that's an inefficiency, according to this theory, that the government needs to remedy. So what are some critiques of neoclassical monopoly theory? Or what I should say is some critiques of the idea that monopoly is bad and that the government needs to step in and remedy the problem by breaking up the monopolist into a small bunch of small firms, or by regulating the price and quantity. Well, within the neoclassical school itself, there are a number of critiques of the idea that monopoly is bad and should be dealt with, should be remedied, should be corrected. I mean, some economists, this view is famously associated with Joseph Schumpeter, but others have made the point as well, that maybe monopoly is inefficient, maybe monopoly reduces consumer well-being in the short run, but we kind of need it anyway for long-run economic growth because you need monopoly to generate innovation. This could mean Schumpeter's idea was that innovation comes from research and development, and only large firms will have enough profits to fund research and development and to discover new stuff and to bring new products to market. So yeah, even though monopoly has this undesirable effect on consumers, that's sort of a price we have to pay because you need those monopoly profits to generate innovation and other kinds of longer-run improvements. We'll talk a little bit about patents in the next lecture, but some people have also argued, yeah, I mean, if the government grants a firm a patent, that gives it a temporary monopoly, and that's bad from the point of view of the picture we just looked at. But you need to dangle those monopoly profits in front of entrepreneurs to give them an incentive to try to invent new stuff that they can patent, and we can sort of trade those things off and say, well, maybe the benefits of having new stuff outweigh the efficiency loss and welfare loss from granting a temporary monopoly to the patent holder. Another point that many Chicago school economists have made is that, look, the reason that firms are large, the reason that firms have a large market share, the reason the perfect model of perfect competition doesn't obtain is because some firms are just actually better. They have more managerial talent, they have a better workforce, they have superior technology, and so yeah, we wouldn't expect to see markets in which you have lots and lots of teeny, tiny, identical firms, because some firms are just better, and the firms that are better are going to attract more customers, they're going to be able to raise more capital, they're going to end up being large and dominating the market and maybe charging monopoly prices, but who cares, I mean, that's just sort of the outcome you get in a market in which some entrepreneurs, some managers, some workers and so forth are better than others. There's another kind of a strand of critique that emerged in the 1990s, arguing that, well, even if you have only one firm in the market, that firm may not be able to act as a monopolist, using the notion of monopolist that we've just discussed, because of the prospect of potential competition, right? So even if there's only one firm in the market, as long as there's some potential for other firms to enter, that one firm will be constrained in its behavior, because it doesn't want to encourage entry by an outsider, so even a market with just one firm in it, that firm may produce the larger quantity and charge the lower prices that would obtain in perfectly competitive markets, because otherwise firms would enter and the monopolist wants to prevent that from happening. We can talk about some examples in the Q&A, the airline industry has sometimes been used as an example of this situation. I'll just mention in passing one argument that hasn't been developed enough, I think, but would also apply here. Notice that the argument about deadweight loss assumes that there's some kind of transaction costs or bargaining costs that prevent the consumers who would like to have higher quantities and pay lower prices from sort of taking up a collection amongst themselves and agreeing to pay the monopolist to sort of bribe the monopolist to increase output. If it's true that monopoly means consumers lose, producers gain, but the consumers lose more than the producers gain, leading to this deadweight loss, then it ought to be possible for them to sort of bargain to reduce that inefficiency. In other words, the consumers can say, well, if we could convince the monopolist to produce a higher quantity and charge a lower price, we would gain $1 million worth of consumer surplus, but the monopolist would lose $800,000 of profit. Well, can't we just raise $900,000 amongst ourselves and we'll use it, we'll offer that as a bribe to the monopolist to act like a perfect competitor. We'll just give you a lot, we'll write you a check for $800,000, if you agree to take an action that reduces your profit by $700,000, sorry, by $800,000, but actually increases our well-being by a million. Now, there's some room to bargain in the middle there. The fact that that doesn't happen suggests that it's impossible to bargain in this fashion. I'm referring to the so-called cost theorem, which suggests that all of these inefficiencies can be bargained away if transaction costs are low. So if we think that doesn't happen, we're assuming that the transaction costs of bargaining among the consumers are prohibitively high, and they might be, but there's not necessarily so. If you have a small number of large influential buyers, if we're talking about, if the monopolist is a wholesaler selling to large and powerful retailers, those retailers might be able to persuade the wholesaler to lower its prices and increase its output with a contractual agreement to make some kind of a lump sum payment. But what we want to really focus on here is the Austrian critiques. And Armantano, I think, does a nice job summarizing the standard theory and explaining some things that are wrong with it. So for example, Armantano points out correctly, as I've already emphasized, that a perfect competition is not only impossible, but sort of irrelevant. I mean, why would we want to evaluate the properties of actual real world markets, according to how closely they approximate this weird, totally hypothetical, abstract model of perfection, which, I mean, just doesn't have any bearing on actual markets, on real behavior. It's just sort of irrelevant. So it doesn't make any sense to evaluate markets according to how close they are to perfect competition. We should just throw perfect competition out as totally useless and not, not worthy of any attention. He also points out that the standard approach to monopoly takes a kind of a snapshot view, right? It assumes that competition and monopoly are states of affairs, are end states, rather than taking the view emphasized by Kershner, and Armantano points this out, Israel Kershner, that we can think of competition as the sort of ongoing, dynamic, rivalrous process through time, in which case, even if at this moment there's only one firm in the market charging a high price, who cares? What's more important is how did that firm come to have that position? Is that position sustainable? How likely is it that innovation and entrepreneurship and entry and so forth will compete that position away? What we really want as desirable, according to this point of view, is a world in which, you know, people are free to try new things in which there's a fluid sort of ongoing process in which all firms are free to try to charge whatever prices they want, and to establish whatever market conditions they want, and others are free to try to compete against them. And it's the efficiency of this overall process, rather than how the market looks at any one particular snapshot moment that we ought to be concerned about. And finally, Armantano does a good job describing problems with the neoclassical notion of entry barriers. Here I mean not legal barriers to entry, but these sort of naturally occurring economic barriers like product differentiation or economies of scale. As he points out, you know, firms cannot force differentiated products onto the market. If a firm in fact produces a product that consumers view as distinct from those of other sellers of similar products, well, that's just another way of saying consumers prefer the characteristics of one product to another. In other words, product differentiation reflects the preferences of consumers. It doesn't impose something artificial or false on consumers. The second point is very similar. If we say that scale economies are present, meaning, you know, the incumbent firm can produce at a lower average cost than rivals because it's producing on a large scale. Well, that simply reflects the fact that in the past, consumers have preferred to buy these products, the incumbent firm's products, to some other products that could have been offered on the market, right? And if consumers don't like scale economies, they're free to purchase products and services from newer, smaller firms that don't have the advantages of scale economies. There's no reason why they can't do that. The fact that a firm with scale economies can do very well in the market is simply another way of saying consumers prefer low prices to high prices, other things equal. Consumers like the fact that scale economies allow some firms to produce products at a very low, sell products at a very low price. So what did the Austrians think about monopoly? Well, as Joe Salerno's article points out, Armantano suggests as well. Austrians did think about monopoly and monopoly pricing, starting with Karl Manger. Manger had a kind of a not totally developed, but a sort of skeletal notion of monopoly that was then developed by second and third generation Austrian scholars, and then later revived by Mises and by Rothbard. They did think about this issue. They didn't ignore it. But for the Austrians, the key issue was not sort of monopoly as a condition, but rather monopoly prices as distinct from other kinds of prices. So the issue is whether monopoly prices exist as something distinguished from other prices and Manger, and most of Manger's followers and Mises, but not Rothbard as we'll see, did believe there was a meaningful notion of monopoly price. They thought that there were such things as monopoly prices, and it was worth thinking about them, that monopoly prices were different from other kinds of prices, but that they emerged only under particular market conditions, and the key to these conditions are the preferences of buyers and sellers. Now, typically, for most of these thinkers, they thought that monopoly prices were not necessarily better or worse than so-called competitive prices, from the point of view of market performance or well-being, but rather this was sort of an interesting, potentially interesting and important characteristic of the market that we should study. If we want to understand why prices are higher in some markets than others, we want to look at these market conditions. We want to explain that difference in terms of the preferences of buyers and sellers, and we may want to classify some of those prices as monopoly prices as that aids our analysis. As we'll see, this may be much harder to do than even Manger and his followers were anticipating, but both Mises and Rothbard were building on this older tradition from Carl Manger and his successors on monopoly price. And as I said, Joe Salerno's article provides a lot of useful detail and insight about this. Well, what about Mises? Let's start with Mises. Mises' theory of monopoly, as summarized by Armantano, holds that there are such things as monopoly prices, but that monopoly prices emerge only under very special conditions. And for Mises, there were two conditions. First, that you have a single seller of a unique good or a cartel of sellers selling a unique good. So it must be the case that consumers do distinguish the good in question from the one seller or the seller's cartel from those of competing products. That's condition one. Condition two is that the demand curve for the product or the demand for the product must be any elastic above the so-called competitive price. So the competitive price for Mises is the price that would otherwise have obtained on the market. In other words, the price that would have obtained if there were not a single seller or a seller's cartel, if consumers considered other products to be equal substitutes or very close substitutes, then a different set of prices would emerge. So those are what Mises calls competitive prices. If you have a single seller or a seller's cartel and demand is any elastic above that competitive price, then what emerges is what Mises called monopoly price or monopoly prices. And Mises does say that the emergence of monopoly price is sort of a caveat to his more general notion of consumer sovereignty. Right. Mises argues that in general, consumers are sovereign in the market, consumers make the ultimate decisions about what is produced and how it's produced and how goods and services, what goods and services are available and what prices are charged and so forth. Consumers make the ultimate decisions about resource allocation in a market. That's Mises' notion of consumer sovereignty. Mises says that monopoly prices represent an exception to this principle. There is sort of a violation of consumer sovereignty in that consumers would prefer that the monopolist produce a higher quantity and charge a lower price, but the monopolist's ability to increase total revenue by raising the price when demand is inelastic sort of frustrates consumer sovereignty. Now, Mises did not think that in practice, this was a very big deal because he thought the conditions that give rise to monopoly prices are extremely rare. And so the whole notion of monopoly is just usually not very relevant for public policy. Rothbard offered a refinement of Mises monopoly theory. So Rothbard agreed that the key is not monopoly as a condition, but monopoly prices. And Rothbard started with Mises analysis and said Mises analysis is correct as far as it goes, but there's some problems. Namely, Rothbard said, look, all sellers face a downward sloping demand curve for their product, even if it's just a infinitesimally, infinitesimally downward sloping curve. In other words, no two products are truly identical. They may, even if they look very similar, I mean, they're offered under different circumstances, sold in different places at different times. Every product to a greater or lesser degree is different from other products that are on the market.  Or that's our example of a perfectly competitive market because consumers don't distinguish between, you know, Farmer Smith's wheat and Farmer Jones's wheat. I mean, even that isn't really true. Right. I mean, the buyers are wholesalers, not consumers buying from the farm. And they do distinguish based on the location of the farm, the timeliness of the delivery. And of course, in our, in our world, there's no such thing as wheat. There's lots of different grades of wheat. There's organic wheat. There's GMO free wheat. You know, winter wheat. There's red wheat. And there's lots of different kinds of wheat. So for every product, there is some distinction among sellers among the products offered by different sellers. So Rothbard says, look, in practice, and even theoretically, there's no way to distinguish the monopoly price from the competitive price in the absence, as we'll see in just a moment, of formal legal restrictions on entry. In other words, Rothbard says, look, all firms try to maximize profit or net income, given their estimates of demand. Right. Whether they sell products that are very similar to those of other firms or are quite different from those of other firms, everybody's trying to maximize profit based on their estimates of demand. And furthermore, all firms charge prices. This is kind of a techie point. Some of you have studied this probably in classes, but all firms charge prices in the elastic range of the demand curve. Why do we say that? Remember, elasticity refers to the sensitivity of quantity demanded to price. So if demand is any elastic, that means when a firm increases its price by a certain percentage, the percentage reduction in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage increase in price, such that total revenue goes up. But of course, if total revenue goes up when the price increases, then all firms would want to increase their price. I mean, that's kind of a no-brainer. Right. You get an increase in total revenue and if you're reducing the amount produced, you're going to get a reduction in total cost.  Right. Firms will always keep increasing their prices until they reach the elastic part of the demand curve. So Rothbard says, I mean, for all firms, yeah, they're, you know, at prices lower than the prices currently being charged, demand is an elastic, but otherwise they would keep raising their price. So how do we know that some particular price below the price that's being charged on the market is the competitive price and the current price is not a competitive price. I mean, maybe Rothbard says the price that's being, maybe we should say the price that is currently being charged is the competitive price and some hypothetical lower prices like a sub-competitive price. Right. In other words, according to Rothbard, there's competition. Competitive prices are simply the prices that emerge on the free market when everybody is free to enter or exit to experiment with different technologies, to market their products in different ways. Those are competitive prices. And even theoretically, we can't distinguish profits that emerge under particular conditions with profits that might have emerged under other conditions and call one a monopoly price and the other a competitive price. All prices on the free market are competitive, according to Rothbard's position. So what then, according to Rothbard, does monopoly mean? Is there any meaningful notion of monopoly? Rothbard says, yes, he appeals back to the sort of common law notion of monopoly as a government grant as an exclusive privilege that's provided by the state. Right. So for example, the state gives me a patent. So for the life of that patent in the U.S., say it's 17 years, no one else can produce a product that is similar to mine or I can sue for monopoly infringement of my monopoly privilege. Or the government says, I, Peter, am the only one who can legally provide water or electricity service in a particular town. Then I have a legal monopoly on the provision of water or electricity or I have a license. I'm the only licensed broadcaster in my area. Or I mean, if there's a protective tariff, let's say, say there are no other domestic firms that produce a product similar to mine, but there are lots of foreign firms that do a tariff is also a way of restricting, if not completely eliminating competition with my product. So Rothbard says, yeah, I mean, we can talk about monopoly and monopoly prices that are inefficient and harmful to consumers and to the market, but only if we refer to monopoly prices that come from special government granted privilege. And notice that there may be less obvious sources of government granted monopoly privilege, like certain aspects of the tax code, right? Taxes on progressive taxation on consumers, corporate income taxes and so forth that make it harder for new firms to accumulate capital could be a way of protecting incumbent firms that already have large amounts of capital, you know, labor and environmental restrictions may impose differential costs on new firms compared to existing firms and thus provide a degree of monopoly privilege for those incumbent firms. So according to Rothbard's view, the only meaningful notion of monopoly is a special grant that is issued by the state. And we can argue that that's an inefficiency because that's different from what would have emerged, of course, on the free market. Now, there may be ways for the market to kind of compete around a legally granted monopoly. This is a problem we'll see next time of market definition, which is problem for antitrust policy. But even, for example, if I have an exclusive grant to supply water, you know, through pipes in my town, I may not legally be able to prevent a customer from disconnecting from the water system and just having bottled water trucked in and having their own private, you know, septic tank or sewage collection, which they then take away in a truck or something. So there may be ways for the market, especially with innovation and entrepreneurship to kind of get around some government granted monopoly privilege. But nonetheless, the privilege is harmful relative to what would have obtained on the market. So just to summarize, neoclassical monopoly theory is based on the contrast with an impossible and irrelevant benchmark model of perfect competition. Austrians, in contrast, understand competition as a rivalrous interaction among entrepreneurs, investors, resource owners and consumers. So absent government restrictions, especially in Rothbard's view, all market behavior is competitive and there isn't any way to distinguish perfect competition from monopoly or the other labels you find in neoclassical textbooks, oligopoly, monopolistic competition and so forth. Now in the next session after this, we'll talk about some applications to antitrust, regulation, the minimum wage and other issues building on the discussions that we've had so far. So look forward to seeing you then.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I do appreciate you being here today I am back with another Destiny 2 video and today guys I'm going to showcase my newest addition yes bread has been acquired and it tastes so damn beautiful I am talking about Rewalker Sniper Rifle but before we go any further guys if you do enjoy the video and would like to show you support you can by hitting that like button if you are new around here and enjoy daily Destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe okay so I have recently acquired this sniper rifle right here Rewalker and all my days it is absolutely beautiful it really is now obviously obviously had to put on my shader obviously had to get the ornament because it just looks incredible I think you know I can't even remember what looks like that you want to have a look oh yeah definitely but I just I got this I mean it wasn't easy to be honest I mean getting the 3500 points in PV or in comp wasn't the easiest the sniper rifle kills and that you can easily do in casual quick play that isn't hard but the comp was the difficult part so before we go any further I want to give a massive shout out to Krone and TF or allow me to help them allow me to now I'm joking I didn't carry them at all they more or less carried me because I ain't a comp sort of person I can play quick play all day long but when it comes to competitive my palms get all sweaty and I just I couldn't hit an elephant with a dart from two foot away I mean I'm I'm shocking when it's shocking I'm alright but compared to some of these people out there I am nowhere near good enough so yeah massive shout out to TF and Krone whose twitches can be found linked within the video description if you want to watch some amazing players in comp just absolutely poop all over well everyone we played against they pooped all over them so do go show them some love and check out their twitches and if you ask them if you ask nicely they may even carry you to whatever you need in comp but it must be an Xbox player obviously okay so do revoker what do I think about it well I think it's absolutely incredible and it's main perk is reversal of fortune missing a shot returns the bullet to their magazine after a short duration and I mean it's more or less instantly it is more or less I think it's faster than the the icebreaker before they nerfed it literally shoot it you miss and it's back in your clip you shoot it you miss and it's back in your clip it's it's just amazing we also have any snapshot sites and we also have an accurate rounds and the extended barrel now snapshot sites on this isn't too bad I mean I don't really like this uncertain sniper I mean my other sniper rifle my other favorite sniper rifle is this one right here no distractions and quick draw because I first got this be loved a snapshot and it popped me off because it's sculpting too quick now it doesn't feel that way under revoker or if it does I've just got used to it I don't know I've just got used to but I do love the weapon now in a second you're gonna see a little bit of gameplay of me using this thing in PVP and I mean I'm not gonna I'm not beheaded or nothing I'm not gonna blow my own trumpet or anything like that but I do think I'm getting much better at sniping in this game I mean it's all I've done now since well opulence has come out I'm enjoying it and I'm enjoying playing PVP because I sniping and now I've got the revoker man I just absolutely love it now would I say it's better than to be loved I'm not too sure about that I'm gonna play probably for a few more hours with each and probably make my mind up on that I'm probably bring you guys to comparison video on them but yeah for now do revoker absolutely amazing bread has been required and I absolutely love it it tastes beautiful and I also got butter at the same time I got bread and butter at the same time people so I weren't playing comp last season but I had to quest still I think you can still pick it up from shacks even if you didn't pick it up last season didn't do I think you can pick it up now so if you do plan on going into comp to get revoker you may as well grab this as well do you close which I want to use a little bit of music about three or four games and it's it's I mean I've got 41 kills with it is a decent weapon don't go twisted by a close range it's just on another level it's on another tier it's just ridiculous but yes guys do evoker has been acquired and I absolutely love it now enjoy the gameplay footage of in the background now of me using this in PVP then what if you come up my sniping skills on the right the best out there but I'm getting better and better by this today but guys thanks as always for stopping by if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really does help out and hopefully I will see you on that next one approaches to down scout now your lead is even greater but it's not over strike as one so many hunters lost but you honor them their momentum to keep pushing opponents down their persistence serves you well fight on zone C captured opponent claimed zone a captured zone B two zones are yours good counter now hit them again captured zone advantage is yours that's too and it is yours to down and that's how you gain ground light versus light they left to prove claimed zone C zone a captured


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasebrakes.com. We're live at the National in Chicago. Come visit us if you're in the area. We're starting our first Jaskies Big Hit Express multi-sport break, the 2021 National Edition. This should be a lot of fun. There's also a hit list promo that we have right there. If you go hit list, don't worry. Every Big Hit Express case that we have, we're going to randomize a chunk of great, we have a whole list of break credit on our break schedule page, but we've got a chunk of break credit that we're going to give away, then randomize the names, and the top four will split that chunk of break credit. And don't worry, we'll round up. All right, and we sold 33 spots. Everyone gets two teams for that spot. You saw the list of teams right there. Now remember, this is indeed a high risk, high reward sort of breaks, and there's only 14 cases. So by the time we get towards the end, some teams may not be represented in the case. So something to keep in mind as you're buying throughout. Now let's double up these names. Control A, Control C. Let's double up your names right there. Oh, double up. Oh, oh. And there's all the teams right there. So there should be 66 on each list. Order 66. Let's roll it. Let's randomize each list six times. It's kind of scary. Two out of four. Oh, Mike and Ike's? Two out of four, six times. I draft the Mike and Ike's first. Names first, one, two, three, four, five, and six. Let's get those names right there. Two out of four, six times. For the teams. One, perfect. There's 66 right there. Two, three, four, and two more times. Five, and six. All the prices on our website are listed on our website. After six times, we've got the suns. I can rip, I mean, I'm assuming I can rip some for you. Let me make sure that's okay. Suns down to hornets. If not, of course. We'll just put it back in the box for you.  All right, I'm not gonna read off all these names. I gotta save my voice for the rest of the week. But I'm gonna show you the list as is. Then I'll alphabetize by your first name so you can keep track of all your teams, especially if you've got multiple spots. All right, so there's the first bit of the list right here. There you go. And trades are allowed if you want to. All right, let's scroll back up. Alphabetized by your first names by column A. All right, Brian, there's your group of teams there. Dario, Derek, and Eric. Derek is Eric. Hans. Clapton, that is. Jimmy. Jared. Jason. Matt. Matt McLaughlin. Megan. Michael. Nick. Pat. PJ. And Robert. And Sean. Just to confirm, you're on Nick just now. Simon. Steve. Tom. And Tyler. All right, so do we have any trades? We'll keep the video running. Let me know if there's any trades. Thanks, Mac. Just because we'll, now of course, if you want us to read like this, when people didn't like the Mike and Ikes, Broncos and Lyons up for trade. And if you need to see your teams again, let me know and I'll scroll down to your name. We'll give it a few more moments. I don't have a pause button on my, on my broadcasting software. Maybe I need to do another update on this. We'll do that tomorrow. Nice, Mac, we'll be here. At Jasper's Breaks, we'll have our booth number here live at the National. At Jasper's Breaks on Instagram. At Jasper's Breaks on Twitter. Should have our booth numbers. Or if you go to the show notes, if you go to the schedule, right? On the bottom tab, if you click the schedule in the chat, scroll to the on the road tab. If you click that and scroll down to the national, you'll see our booth numbers there too. We got a booth at the Breaking Pavilion where Jason, Jasper and I will be. And then we got the main booth over there where Nick should be. Now Nick's wandering around most of the time, but you'll see team members there as well. Any offers for the Broncos or Lyons? Trade window going once. Trade window going twice. TWC trade window close. No, we have not figured out plans for drinks just yet. We're gonna sort this back by team name right here. We'll keep track of all the hit list names too. But we'll try to figure it out. I think there might be a restaurant at our hotel or a hotel nearby that may have a bar open until like midnight or so, which would be nice. All right, let's flip to the case right here. Here's what we got. There it is, Big Hit Express. That's us. Let's see what we got in here, ladies and gentlemen. I don't know how many items there are per box. Does it say in the item description? No, it doesn't say. We'll find out. Look at these fancy boxes. All right, so this particular case, they could all be different. But in this particular case, we got one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine hits. Yeah, there's 14 cases total, but I don't know how many hits per case there is. But in this particular one, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Oh, eight boxes? Oh, there it is, eight box per case. This one has nine. So a bonus box. All right, Joe P, that's right. At the national. Yeah, that's a bonus box. All right, first one out of the gate is gonna be, ooh. The O of one, Soto. And that's a one of one. That is nice. Nice, who has the nationals? That'll be PJ and the Nats PJ. Ding, ding, all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo. All right, good start.  One of two, no, I think each letter is a one of one. S is a one of one, O is a one of one. Two is a one of one, the other O is a one of one. I don't know which O this is though. The first one or the second one? All right, let's see what we got here. A graded card. It's, oh wow, Reggie Miller. That's a 959 Reggie Miller from 1819 Contenders. Centering corner service all a 95. Edges a nine, autograph a nine. That is sharp. Nice, who has the Pacers? That's gonna be for Hans. And the Pacers, nice. Next one is a 9510 Luis Robert. That is awesome. Edges, corner service a 95, centering a nine from 2020 Donner's Optic. Pink Velocity. Let's see who has the White Sox. That'll be for Robert Flores and the White Sox, nice. Next. You know, Justin, if I had a conductor's hat for the Big Hit Express repack product, I would've worn it. We got Daniel Jones. Jones, not 24 out of 25. Flawless finishes. Nice one for the New York football giants. The giants wear the giants on my list here. There they are, Jimmy Connell with the giants, nice. It could be a big season for Daniel Jones this year. Oh, we do have some boots, but we don't have any. Do they have any type of COVID protocols there? No. I think there's a sign that says, hey, if you're vaccinated, you don't need a mask. If you're not vaccinated, you should probably wear a mask. Maybe one out of every, yeah. There's actually a decent amount of mask wearing here. One out of every four or five people are probably masked up. All right, next up is a PS8 and Fernando Datis Jr. It's pretty sharp from 2019 Topscom Baseball. Rookie Datis, nice. That's for the Santiago Padres. That'll be for Robert Flores and the Friars, nice. What are you guys selling Jaspy's merch for? We're selling it for nothing. All we need, all you need to pay, is you pay with a follow on Instagram, our social media, YouTube, blah, blah, blah, blah. Ooh, Matt's Doublefield, we'll see you on Friday, nice. Go to At Jaspy's Breaks for the booth numbers, or the schedule and go to the On the Road tab. Cam Johnson, Jumpman, Relic and Autograph, four out of five. It's nice, looks pretty good in the playoffs. That's from 2019, Immaculate Collegiate, and that'll be for Jason Kersh and the Phoenix Suns. Wait, where's the trash? What happens if you already follow? Don't worry, Matt, we'll give you some stuff. You get a fast track pass. Yeah, Matt, I mean like, Matt, you've been shopping with us for a while, we know who you are. Yeah, I'll follow and re-follow. All right, next is 24 out of 32. You might have a good season two behind a really good offensive line. Deandre Swift, Lions. That's for Jimmy Connell, all right. You know what, no, Jimmy, they're, Panini's not doing a VIP party this year. I think Panini's all, yeah, they're not doing a whole event this year. And they didn't do the whole gold pack, silver pack thing. I think they gave us, they gave us some kind of packs though, right? Oh, they give us like Father's Day packs, but the traditional silver and gold packs, not this year. Ooh, a dual auto. Nice. 23 out of 25. Sync signatures, two old school Steelers right here. Jack Lambert and Jack Ham.   Those defenders. Steelers, Derek Hamilton with the Steelers. Congrats, nice dual auto for you. And the last box. Good luck. A Cooper, I'm not buying anything, but Nick Jaspie definitely will be buying stuff. Well, next time he comes by, we'll see if he, we'll see if he got anything. We'll give you an update. Last one's a graded card. Ooh, and it's nice. It's Kawhi Leonard, Spurs Edition. From Elite Basketball, rookie inscriptions autograph. It says rookie card, nine, five, 10. From 2012-13 Elite, centering is a 10 and the edges, corners and surface are all a nine, five. San Antonio Spurs, that's gonna be for Tom. There you go, Tom. And there you go, everybody. Now, unfortunately, there are gonna be some hit list people, which I don't like. But it's gonna happen. That's just the nature of these group breaks. So let's flip back to the list, right there. So I've been keeping track of the hit list names here. So let's grab everybody's names from PJ all the way through Megan. And that should be right. Let me just double check here. Yeah, there should be 57 names because we had nine hits, 66 minus 50, minus 50, 66 minus nine, 57. Let's copy everybody's names here. The hit list names. And let's put your names into a list right there. Let's clear out all the blank spots here. There's the list of break credit right there. So let's gather all of this. Put them right there. So as it says in the description, the top four will split that chunk of break credit. So let's use the same dice roll for both lists. Let's roll it and randomize it five and a six, 11 times. So let's see which break credit we're gonna do first. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. And 11th and final time. So we're giving away $430 of break credit after 11. So the top four after 11 will be splitting that break credit. Only hit list people. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, and 11th and final time. Good luck. After 11 times, thanks to this entire list right here. Thank you very much for giving this a go. Really appreciate it. Now the top four right here, you're gonna be splitting that $430 of break credit. Tom, Jared, Jimmy, and Pat Wolfe. So congrats to the top four. After I finish this video, we'll send out that break credit to you. So it's top four, 430. How do we do the math out of it? 430 divided by four, that's gonna be, you can see right there in the calculator. We'll round up to 108, $108 of break credit going to the four of you. Thanks very much for getting in. I'm Joe for jashbscasebreaks.com, live at the National in Chicago. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye-bye.


What's going on everybody got kyle and donnie here with latent sports cards and we are ripping 2022 23 select basketball hybrid five box break number 15 Random team style. We did a randomize for the break guys. Here are the results You can always check those on our website. We had brice d with the spurs Down to jeremy j with the magic All right, you guys good luck select five boxer We got football the night paco with spots to go prism draft football and we got nt Pick your team style Those are the uh random teams let to go. We just got football spots tonight There's a blue disco chris middleton Light blue is to 99 for the bucks Dussunmu There's a diante murray white disco for the hawks 1075 and a silver zeklevine court side Guitar eason nice. We got autograph jason tatum on the top shelf auto seltics Nice hit there boston zachery with the top shelf tatum auto Nice one there. That is a sick one And blue is going to be simons on the court side blue disco to 99 malachi brandham rookie There's a white malachi brandham on the court side disco rookie to 75 spurs and silver clay ready box two Select hybrid There's a aj griffin number to 75 court side hawks Carl anthony towns We got gold There's a shading sharp rookie base and gold. It is malachi brandham for the spurs number to 10 Some nice brandham so far spurs five of 10 Nice one there on the gold disco rookie and a malachi brandham silver rookie A lot of brandham It's got victor coming to his team next year, man. Definitely clear up some uh Clear up some space on the court. There's a nice one there jabari smith jr. Nice one rockets The uh court side number to 75 very nice hit there rockets One is jason And a evan moblie base Good on the rookie so far here blue is tyrese halliburton for the pacers to 25 and a jambal murray silver Hey, there you go jason nice to barry man very solid on the court side We'll take that keep it going Got a six box of select high our hobby next blue is paul george light blue to 99 mock smock There's a white dante murray To 75 and a silver rookie window more red nicola jovich nice one there for the heat Heat rookie number to 49 nice jovich lebron rookie keegan murray And blue disco this one is kd for the suns to 99 and a silver of julius randall Ready guys two more boxes. This was select hybrid five box 15 Get some select hobby going next carl ante towns to 75 white disco court side There's a chet home grid rookie and red. This one is jacla ravia That one is to 49 grizzlies silver of brandon ingram There's no discarding. I uh I go left for non top loaded stuff and then to the right is what a hand dawning to top load Jeremy sohan.  I'm just left-handed. So it's easier for me to go that way It's 99 and a jabari smith rookie put this rocket card in your graveyard to Bring back two other Sounds about right. There's a jabari smith rookie Got white kawaii Leonard kawaii Leonard white disco to 75 And calling sexton silver And last one here box number five Yeah, that was not a great pick just now a second ago. We were watching that Yeah, Nebraska Yeah, I don't know man Yeah, not bad jason not bad. Let's keep them coming Uh blue, uh chris paul the 99 blue disco cp3 Jimmy butler rookie trevor keels. There's another white diante murray third white diante murray to 75 Lamello silver dice and daniels. We got a disco of kd And patrick baldlin There's a blue, uh bradley biel number two 99 on the court side court side disco and clay thompson on the back silver disco All righty there quick. Hey recap. We just had a gold, um alakai brandoms a 10 Nice one there spurs and we had jason tatum on the auto for boston Nice hit there on the tatum All righty guys, that'll do it for select basketball hybrid five box number 15 random team style We'll get some select hotty going next


You need a financial advisor with the freedom to focus on your specific needs. Whatever your goals, Reid Potter can create a game plan tailored to you. Call Reid at 432-0777 at Pikeville, Kentucky to learn more. American Electric Power and God's Pantry Food Bank held their fourth annual Power Up the Pantry Food Drive on Thursday, September 14th. God's Pantry is tremendously thankful and honored to know that the community is getting behind our local pantries. Unless you go to some of these pantries and watch or help at their giveouts and you really, it really opens your eyes about the need that is in our area. It's not just the big cities. Various locations around Kentucky were available for people to make donations of food or money that would go directly to food pantries in the area. Many pantries like Helping Hands and Phelps are grateful for the donations they could collect. These donations aren't just on a big level. They'll help us in Phelps because every dollar that's donated or every can of food is something that we don't have to buy out of our budget. We do buy food at a discount from God's Pantry, but it helps us so much to get donations from the public this way. Despite the small turnout, donations were still collected and appreciated by those in attendance. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


Hi everyone, Joe for JazzBeatsCaseBreaks.com coming at you with four boxes of 2023 Fnatic's NFL Draft Mini Helmets, random player break number one. We've got some extra spots being given away, we're chasing after the big names. I think we've done these before as team breaks, but we're trying something a little different, a little player break here. There's the whole list of players, pretty solid draft class, given away 10 extra spots. 18 spots outright, and top 10, after our first dice roll, we'll get extra spots. Little buy one, get one. After five, four and a one. Good luck. One, two, three, four, and five. Fifth and final time, we've got Allen, Eugene, Jason, Allen, Allen. Allen, Eric, Josh, Allen, Allen. There you go, over 55% of you getting extra spots. There they are. Let's put the little rooftops next to your name so you can distinguish them from your full spots. Just like to keep track of that. Now we can randomize you a player. We'll put the results there. There are all the players here. And let's roll it and randomize it. Snake eyes, two times, very easy. One and two, Allen down to Allen. And two times right here for the players. One, let's clean this up a little bit here. Let's blow it up a little bit. All right, Allen, Dalton Kincaid, Jonathan Mingo, Eugene, with Devon Witherspoon, Jason with Luke Van S, Allen with Luke Schoonmaker and Nolan Smith, Eric with Michael Mayer, Allen with Jake Hayner, Eugene Sean Clifford, Eric Clicks with Hennan Hooker, Josh, Anthony Richardson, and Bryce Young. Eugene with Jordan Addison, Allen, a bunch of players here, Will Anderson Jr., Luke Musgrave, Quinn Johnson, Clayton Tune, Jackson Smith and Jigba, Dave Flowers and Michael Wilson, Eric with CJ Stroud, Allen with Miles Murphy, Jason with Joey Porter Jr., Omar with Brian Brees and Allen, you have the rest. Jaylen Hyatt, Will Lettuce, Tyree Wilson, and Jameer Gibbs. Trades are allowed, so I will, let me alphabetize by player. Actually, I'll alphabetize by your first names so you can see all your players grouped together. And I'll pause the video right here. There's all your guys again. And when we come back, we're gonna see if there's any trades. No more of the four box break, stick around, BRB. All right, welcome back, TWC trade window closed. So the list you saw previously remains the same here on Wednesday the 29th. Come on Dave, if you wanna do another four box of this, we got another four in the store. Same promo as well. Just a nice deal.  You might stumble into something nice. All right, first mini helmet. Pop this open and put your thinking caps on. Maybe, I'm sure of the information I get. I may be able to figure these out pretty quickly, but maybe a little bit of trivia is fun. Where's the lip for the socks right here? Okay, I see who that is. Should be pretty easy to get, because it's all from the 2023 draft class. But this player is a tight end. Born in Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada. 64-240, and went to college in San Diego for a couple years, then transferred to Utah. First round pick. All pack 12 team, and so far it is young career. 56 receptions for 474 receiving yards and two touchdowns, not too bad. Yeah, Kevin, Sam, you got it. It is Dalton Kincaid. Nice, giving you a little inscription right there. There's his autograph. Ooh, hand numbered as well, nine out of 15, even better. There's the fanatic sticker and everything. I like it. Buffalo! And that goes to, I think that's Alan. Yeah, Alan Murdoch with the Dalton Kincaid. Nice, nothing else in the box. You got that hologram verification card down there. Pack your name on there later. All right, not a bad start. This is also gonna be pretty easy. I was born in Rancho Cucamonga, California. 63, 218 pounds, went to Ohio State. Drafted in the first round, a quarterback. My stat so far this year, a 63.7% completion percentage, 19 touchdowns to only five interceptions, over 3,000 passing yards already, a passer rating of 100.8, and three rushing touchdowns. Has the most passing yards in a game by a rookie, 470, most passing touchdowns in a game by a rookie, five tied. Yeah, this one's pretty easy. It's CJ Stroud. Yeah, Kevin and Sam got it. Kevin was pretty quick on it too. There it is, nice helmet. What a season for this guy. Nice, love these mini helmets too. They're a little more manageable than a full-size helmet. CJ Stroud, Eric Klicks with the CJ Stroud, nice. All right, a couple more here, and we got more in the store.  We're only selling 18 spots outright and giving away 10. So over half of you can get extra spots as long as you buy a full spot. Yeah, great hit, I agree. Hopefully he keeps it up. Hopefully he finishes his season strong. All right, we got another tight end. This tight end was born in Independence, Kentucky. 64-265, went to Notre Dame, second round pick. He's got 22 receptions, 251 receiving yards, and a touchdown so far in his career. I feel like he should be used more in the offense as a fan of this particular player. Yeah, Kevin's got it. Kevin's been quick on all these. It's Raiders tight end, Michael Mayer. Love that silver and black. There's the Fanatics authentication sticker right there, and there's his autograph. Got a number inscription in there as well. Pretty cool looking helmet. And that will be, who has the Michael Mayer spot? That's gonna be for Eric. Eric clicks with that one. Fourth and final. That's Max Crosby. He's definitely a fan favorite. Great story, too. Kind of look up his background. I think he's struggled with a lot of substance alcohol abuse, I think.  That's a good story. And a great player. All right, fourth and final helmet. Looking at the card that's in there. All right, and this is, all right, this is another, this is a wide receiver, born in CME Valley, California. Six-two, two-thirteen. Went to high school in Los Angeles, went to Stanford, and was a third round pick. So far he has 25 receptions, 401 receiving yards, a receiving average of 16 yards, and two receiving touchdowns. Jalen Reed. Not Jalen Reed. Four, five, 40. Who got it? Someone got it. Who was that? Was that Michael Jassy saying Michael Wilson? Jason Jassy saying? It's right, he's right. It's Michael Wilson. Wide receiver for the Arizona Football Cardinals. There it is. There's his autograph right here. He chose to sign it there. Pretty decent, he's good. Yeah, he has some explosive plays. His receiving average is 16 yards per catch. He's pretty good. Nice, he got the authentication sticker there and everything. You know, maybe with some more work with Kyler Murray and as they keep improving that team, this guy could be one to watch. And that is for, I think, Allen has it. Now he's looking for Z-Flowers, but he got a different receiver instead on a different bird team. Maybe the next four boxes, we might see some of these other guys. Thanks for watching, thanks for breaking with us, everybody. That was a fun little break. We got more in the store, jaskyscasebreaks.com. I'm Joe, I'll see you next time for the next helmet break. Bye-bye.