Hello, I'm librarian Kate Shelberg, and I'm going to show you a newly updated citation tool within Google Docs that you might find helpful. First, a little bit about what this tool does and doesn't do. This tool is essentially a form you open within your Google Doc that has you fill in information about each source you want to cite, then it formats the citations for you. Once you enter the information, you can also easily make edits to the citation once it's been added to the end of your paper. This citation tool is not like EasyBib or similar citation generators, where you just give the title or URL and it creates a citation on the spot. Instead, this tool guides you in what information is needed, then does the formatting for you. It also does not have options for citing images or videos. You can still cite them, but you will have a little more work to do to make the citations. To use the citation tool, open the Google Doc where you want to add citations. Go to Tools in the menu, then select Citations. You should see a sidebar open up along the right side of your document. First, select what style of citation you want to use. I'm going to select MLA for the sake of this demonstration. Second, for each source you cite in your paper, you will click on Add Citation Source. This is what brings up the form where you can add information about your source. Next, select the type of source. With this tool, you are limited to book, book section, website, journal article, and newspaper article. If none of these options seem quite right, just select the type that seems closest to your source. Then, you'll select the format of the source, print, website, or online database. The online database option would be for sources you found through the library's online resources. Fill in what you can find out about the source, skipping any elements that don't apply. Remember, in the last step of this process, you will have a chance to correct anything that the citation tool doesn't do properly. If you have two or more authors, or if you have an author as well as an editor, click the plus contributor button. Then select the role. Author, editor, and translator are options. There are two things I want you to pay attention to where the citation tool doesn't guide you. First is capitalization. The tool will format names and titles exactly how you type them in, only adding punctuation and italics where it's needed. Also, the citation tool won't format the date for you. For the day, just enter the number if there is one. For month, enter the abbreviated month. Or the full month, for May, June, or July. Then enter the year. That's the basic process for adding citations. As you write your paper and run across a source to add, you will follow the same process. Click add citation source and follow the prompts to fill out another form. You'll see the sources you've already added will now show in the citation sidebar. And they will be saved there along with the document you're editing. See the next video in this series for instructions on how to add in-text citations and a work cited or references list using Google Docs citations tool. Thanks for watching and remember to use the library website for help with your citations.


UlterJ is one of the most advanced treadmill we have at our facility. It has variety of applications, mostly rehabilitating athletes after ligament injuries or it could be patients needing limited weight-bearing on lower extremities such as fractures or it could be even neurological patients requiring more training in terms of gait or learning to control their extremities. This machine works by controlling the effect of gravity, that means when you walk on this treadmill you could control the weight-bearing on your legs by decreasing the gravity as low as 20% of your body weight, that means if somebody has limited tolerance or they are following restricted weight-bearing on lower extremities, we could go safely to that percentage of weight-bearing and still have a patient to emulate and build up their strength and tolerance by controlling the weight on this treadmill.


Just at first sight, you will fall in love with the new MSI Prestige 15 as the only aluminum chassis is stunning and durable at the same time. There is also very little branding, with only a small MSI Loba that comes in the color of the device, but it's not just books. The Prestige 15 has several neat tricks up its sleeve. Stay with us, just leave them all. Despite carrying a 15.6 inch display and discrete GPU options, the laptop weighs only 1.69 kg and has a profile of 18.9 mm. A good keyboard and touchpad combo is essential for any self-respecting notebook, and here we have a bit of a mixed bag. The keyboard lacks a numpad, despite the spacing between the keys being small enough. On the other hand, the keycaps are pretty large and there is a backlight. The experience itself is okay, as the key travel could have been longer and the feedback clickier. The touchpad is another story, with a very smooth glass cover and an aspect ratio that is pretty wide. The responsiveness and accuracy are also fantastic. The science feature pretty decent I.O. with two Thunderbolt 4 ports included, which could be used for ultra-fast file transfers, connection to external displays or even charging the notebook. We also have two full-sized USB 3.2 Gen2 ports, HDMI 2.0, audio jack and a microSD card reader. Many thin and light laptops come with soldered memory these days, so with the case with the new Prestige 15. However, it's a nice surprise to see that there are not one, but two N.2 PCI-EX4 slots available, one of which supports the ultra-fast Gen4 drives. If you want to see how to open the device, check out our disassembly video. We are able to reinvest more in our laboratory, thus making even more helpful videos for you. Thank you, you're awesome! There are two display options with IPS panel that come in full HD or 4K resolution. We chose the former option and it is a great display for creator work and general use. The viewing angles are good, ensuring a good multimedia experience, while a max brightness of 300 nits should be enough for most situations. The display shows near-complete coverage of the SRGB gamut, and the colors get very accurate once we applied our design and gaming profile, which you can get in the description. Something more important, it doesn't use harmful PWM for all brightness levels. Despite carrying 14 cores and 20 threads, the Core i7-1280p is able to keep its 82Wh battery pack, lasting for 13 hours and 3 minutes of web browsing or 11 hours and 3 minutes of video playback. It manages to do this while delivering as much performance as a top-of-the-line 45W CPU from the last year. It also outperforms everything that AMD currently has in its arsenal, so things are looking pretty bleak for Team Red. GPU performance isn't as great, being that the laptop is offered with up to a 40W RTX 3050Ti. But given that this isn't a gaming laptop, it's more than enough for general use or even content creation. The CPU and GPU are kept cool by two heat pipes, two fans and two heat sinks. The Core i7's clock speeds deep a bit in the later stages of the stress test, but things remain cool, with the CPU maxing out at 84°C. On the GPU side, the 40W TGP is pretty limiting, with a 1.5GHz clock at the 30 minutes mark with the max fans setting. The outside gets quite warm, having an external temperature of 53°C. The Prestige 15 is not a perfect laptop, but it gets enough stuff right to get a solid recommendation. Mainly, its performance is off the charts, which can outshine its faults better than any other laptop we've seen recently. Also, it comes with some good surprises as the IR face recognition scanner and a fingerprint sensor. What is your most and least favorite feature of the Prestige 15? Tell us in the comments below. And if you want to see more tests and details about the device, you can read our in-depth review.


Hot dog hot dog hot diggity dog. It's a brand-new day. What you're waiting for?   He's my least favorite of the main characters Mickey Who's your favorite of the main characters of the main Mickey Mouse characters main Mickey Mouse characters Goofy Obviously mini Donald Daisy Mickey Oh, those are the main ones. I believe My favorite of all of those characters was goofy. Yeah Goofy the other ones were kind of annoying and not weird enough. Yeah, too serious. Yeah, I love seeing Mickey and Minnie at Disneyland I got a particular joy out of seeing Mickey and Minnie at Disneyland, but the actual cartoons. Yeah, just goofy. Yeah He's the only unique one. Yep Today, what are we doing right? We're gonna react to something. We're acting to a Bengali trailer. Yeah, we are This is called near back near back near back Might be near Boke near Boke would be with with oh Sushmita Sen Ritwik Chakraborty and Srijit Mukherjee Near Boke is a medley of four tales of silent love involving one woman three men a tree and a dog I'm like a dirty bill Yes four tales of silent love Involving one woman three guys a tree and a dog all together. You got to watch this That is perverse That's not natural. Obviously. That's not what the film Did you see that movie that's got the girl three guys a tree and that frickin dog Here we go. Akshay. He's a famous actor. Akshay is a famous actor. Yes What is that It looks very artsy. Oh my goodness I want to watch it right now and I want to watch it in the theater You won't see no at the Lumley. You won't be able to it's not it's come out You use a Bengali curse word no good Looks good though. It looks very like great in some like artsy films They'll do these shots that are symbolic of you know, what's going on But they're mostly to look really pretty and to convey a message I look like it's most of it silent because I remembered saying something like that in description a Silent love most of the film outside the very end was all No dialogue and I don't know if that was intentional To say one woman three men a tree and a dog because I like in the trailer when it describes it as a woman three men a bitch and a tree But I'm absolutely one of I love that trailer one of the best trailers we've seen and that Please let that live up to what that trailer just showed us one of the and Johnny's watch I'll absolutely hear her near but and I know that main actor. I think it's is it shoo me to trainers?  Yeah, well both of them the two men that we saw both are very famous Yeah, as is The whole cat all the cast are but particularly we've seen those two guys the most I'm trying to remember the last thing. I don't think I don't think that guy. We've seen anything. I don't think we've seen a film of this I could be wrong Who the guy one jerking on? The weird one who's in his underwear. Yeah, no him. We haven't the other Guy in the car with his head sticking out who's talking at the end him. We have gotcha Um But anyway, I it looks really good fantastic. I do hope it's good. So you guys can let us know Yeah, that's one of those we're in a movie theater and that trailer ends. I'm doing this and going like this everybody going Looks good see that We are due I think What was our last Bengali one? Oh love No, it was Such a right one the train It was yeah the hero Yeah, we do we did them close together that came after labor blood. Yeah, okay. Yeah, we did it for his birthday. Oh, you're right That's right. We did it for his birthday. Yes. Uh, so we're do hero do for another Bengali film Yes, we are be it. If not, what should it be? Let us know down below


Thank you for joining us for today's TechSoup for Libraries webinar, Instagram for Public Libraries, Good Practices for Social Media. My name is Crystal and I'll be your host. We have two guests today who will talk about what their libraries have done to create engaging Instagram accounts to connect with their communities. They'll share some good practices that have worked well for them. But before we begin, I have just a few announcements to share. We will be using the ReadyTalk platform for our meeting today, so please use the chat in the lower left corner to send questions and comments to the presenters. We will be tracking your questions throughout the webinar and will answer them at the designated Q&A section at the end. All of your chat comments will only come to the presenters, but if you have comments or ideas to share, we will forward them back out to the entire group. You don't need to raise your hand to ask a question. Simply type it into the chat box. Should you get disconnected during the webinar, you can reconnect using the same link in your confirmation email. You should be hearing the conference audio through your computer speakers, but if your audio connection is unclear, you can dial the phone number in your confirmation email, which we've also shared in the chat. If you're having technical issues, please send us a chat message and we'll try our best to assist you. This webinar is being recorded and will be archived on the TechSoup website. If you're called away from the webinar or if you have connection issues, you can watch a full recording of this webinar later. You'll receive an archive email within 24 hours that will include a link to the recording, the PowerPoint slides, and any additional links or resources shared during the session. If you're tweeting this webinar, please use the hashtag TS4LIDS. We have someone from TechSoup live tweeting this event, so please join us in the conversation there. TechSoup Global is dedicated to serving the world's nonprofit organizations and libraries. TechSoup was founded in 1987 with a global network of partners. We connect libraries and nonprofits to technology, resources, and support so that you can operate at your full potential, more effectively deliver programs and services, and better achieve your mission. Right now TechSoup is in the middle of their 2016 Storymakers program. You can submit your digital story for a chance to win some great prizes for your library. You have until May 31st to submit your entry, and TechSoup has created training resources and webinars to help you create an amazing digital story. Learn more at TechSoup.org slash Storymakers. All right, with that I think we're ready to begin. So thanks for joining us for today's webinar, Instagram for Public Libraries, Good Practices for Social Media. If you're joining us from a nonprofit or another type of organization or library, we hope you also get some great tips that you're able to apply in your organization. We have two guests joining us today. Ray Dallara joins us from Burlingame, California where he has worked at the Burlingame Public Library for the past 17 years. He's currently the Library Aid Supervisor and also serves on the web team and manages the library's Instagram account. Amanda Zuccarelli is a reference in Adult Services Librarian at the Cherry Hill Public Library in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. She helps to manage the library's social media accounts including Instagram. My name is Crystal Schimpf and I'll be your host for today's webinar. Assisting us with chat and Twitter we have Jenny Mies and Becky Wiegand from the TechSoup team. We'll be on Twitter using the at TechSoup for Libs handle and the hashtag T-S-4-L-I-B-S. We will have time for questions throughout the webinar so please send us your questions using the chat as they arise and we will address as many as we're able to. If you ask questions that we're not able to answer during the webinar, we will follow up later via email with a response. This webinar is being recorded in all of the slides, resources, and materials will be included in the archive of the webinar which you should receive in 24 to 48 hours. Now in just a moment we'll hear from Amanda and Ray about their experiences and good practices. Before they begin I wanted to share just a few resources and let you know again that all of these resources we share today will be included in the archive so you don't have to write them all down right now. Now if Instagram is a new social media tool for you or your library then you might want to start off with some basics once today's webinar is over. I've included some resources here to help you get started. For one the Instagram Help Center or you might want to take a free course like the one offered at GCF Learn Free. If your library already pays for a subscription to Lynda.com there is a course there as well that you might be interested in. I'll also share some articles that highlight some of the great things libraries are doing on Instagram and I'll share that link to the Storymakers resources at TechSoup which Becky's also just shared in the chat. Now one more thing before we begin is we'd like to know a little bit about you. So tell us does your library have an Instagram account already? You can select your response by clicking the radio button and then click Submit to see the responses of everybody coming in. Now I will also say that if you have an Instagram account and you'd like to share it, you can include that in the chat now. It will come to us and I will compile all of those Instagram accounts later on and include them in the archive and that way we can follow each other's library Instagram accounts to get ideas in the future. So I can see those coming in now. We will collect all of these and put them together in the archive so you can see them all later on. So thank you for sending those in. All right so I can see it looks like most people have responded to this question and it looks like we have a little more than half do have an Instagram account so maybe you are here today to learn new ideas for how to use it. It looks like close to 40% don't yet have an Instagram account so you are maybe getting ideas on how to get started today. And I know for some of us we might not be sure maybe the library has an Instagram account but you are not aware of it so that is completely okay as well. All right so thanks for sending in your accounts. You can continue to send those in but I am going to go ahead and close this poll now since it looks like most everyone has responded and we will move on. We have one more poll that we would like to share with you as well. So we also wanted to know what you hope to achieve through your library's Instagram account and this might be for the account you currently have or the one that you hope to open after this webinar is over. So you can check as many of these responses as apply to your situation and once you have selected them click submit and you will be able to see everybody's responses. So we will see what the most popular responses are here. And of course our guests today will be telling us some of the reasons they have created an Instagram account and what they hope to achieve there. I will give you a few moments. I know it takes a moment to look through these. Some of these options relate to the way you might connect with your library users or share library information. Maybe you are looking to attract new library users and some of these are more general, just promoting books and reading, promoting libraries in general or connecting with community organizations and other libraries. We can definitely see some of these rising to the top. If you have other, of course you can type that in the chat. I see one response just came in just to get more teens involved with your library or to improve higher participation in your programs. Those are great reasons as well. So I will give just another few seconds here on this poll and give you a chance to submit your responses and I will close it down and take a look at this summary in 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. We have few last responses in here right at the end. So taking a look at these we can see that definitely promoting library services and programs, connecting with library users, and attracting new library users are the top three responses. And we also got almost 75% for staying current and relevant which is definitely something I think in the library community will want to do is stay current with technology and social media practices. So thank you for sharing your responses there. So it's great to see all of the interest today and the last thing I will say before handing things over to Amanda is that I just hope wherever you are at with Instagram and your library that you walk away with a few new ideas today to apply to your library's Instagram account. But now I am going to hand things over to Amanda so she can tell us about what they've been doing at the Cherry Hill Public Library. Amanda? Amanda-Hi everyone. So I wanted to start off and give you guys a little bit of information about Cherry Hill. We are a standalone library and we serve a very large community. Our population is about 70,000 and we are located about 20 minutes away from Philadelphia. First thing I want to share with you guys is how our library uses Instagram. And what we first did was set up a list of goals. Our goals are important because that gives us a blueprint for what we should be posting. So if you are looking to start an Instagram account it might be a good place to start to get an idea of the kind of things you want to post. From those goals our library has made a list of tasks and our library also has a social media committee. So it's not just me it's a team. And we focus on these six tasks but we are not limited to these six tasks. It's just a general representation of what we would like to post. One to two team members focuses on each of these tasks. And I will give more examples of these tasks in a couple of slides. So I see some people are asking what these mean and I'm going to show them in a minute. So there are eight people on the social media committee. And a way we manage it is by using a document through a Google drive. This is an example of the month of April how we set up our tasks. And one of the team members creates the document. She gives us ideas and notes and then we can put in whatever it is that we'd like to post if we have any ideas. So this is an example of Bookface which most people should be familiar with. If you are using Instagram or know about Instagram and libraries it's a popular trend on Instagram and very popular with libraries. So when we post Bookface pictures I feel that it not only represents the fun Instagram trends but it's also a way to celebrate libraries in general. So this is an example of DVDs and TV shows. We just took a picture of six DVDs that all recently came in. We actually just posted this picture the other day. And it's just a way to let our followers and patrons know these new releases just arrived like come check them out. So it's a way to promote our services and our programs. So this is a junior chef program which is very popular. This is a photo. Our youth services department, two members of the social media committee is on the committee and they do all the posts for all the youth services events. They try to represent all of our goals with their posts. And I think they do a pretty good job. This is a picture of some end pages. And I find that the end pages and book covers make fantastic pictures. There's a lot of beautiful book covers out there and just taking pictures of book covers is a great thing to have on your Instagram account. Let's move on to the next picture. These are pictures that we posted for upcoming events that we're having at our library. And the Cosplay logo actually was created by one of our part-time employees that posts these type of pictures. It's a good way to let your patrons know about programs and even people who possibly aren't patrons but live nearby when you post your events. And this is a great picture. I love this picture. It's actually one of our team members' cats. And it's a great representation of pop culture and Instagram trends. So we have the hashtag cats of Instagram and caturday because it was taken on a Saturday. So these are things that we like to post. We like to have fun and not have everything be about the library. We like to represent things that other people want to see. And I guess we just want to have pleasing pictures. So it's an adorable picture. So now I want to move on to the quality of pictures that you want to show and we want to show on Instagram. This is actually one of our photos. I'm not sure who took it or who posted it, but it's not a great photo. It's blurry and it's just not a great photo.  But I do have an example of what you should be doing. So I borrowed this picture from Burlingame and this is a do. So this is a way to maybe do a blurry picture but it's blurry on purpose, the bottom part there. And I think it's a great representation of what you should be doing. But don't do what we did and post a picture like the one on the right. So now I'm going to talk a little bit more about Bookface. Bookface Friday, like I said, is very popular. And just some tips are it's okay if you are hands and fingers show. The Joker picture on top is one of our pictures. And I think that picture was mostly a huge success because we have an employee who has green hair. And when he dyed his hair green, I immediately thought of the Joker and said we have to get a picture, a Bookface picture with him. And the Danielle Steele picture is amazing. It's one of my favorite Burlingame pictures. Again, I used an example. They have some really great Bookface pictures. So take a look and learn from them. So it's okay if your fingers show. And I find that if you can line up at least one line, it helps to make the picture work for the Bookface. And as you can see with the Danielle Steele picture, they don't always need to be faces. And sometimes you are going to need props. So sometimes these things work quickly, but sometimes you need to gather some stuff to make the Bookface work. These are editing apps that I use on my phone. They are apps that I feel most people can use. The novice can use these apps and they will help them get better photos for Instagram. So it's a list of the apps and what they do. Each of them does something a little slightly different. And we don't use all of them all the time, but every once in a while you want a video or you want to add music. So they are apps that anybody can use and they are all free to download. We try for promotion of our posts. We try to use as many hashtags as possible. We like to tag the author if we use a picture of their book. In this one, we also tagged Fun Home the Musical, and they ended up liking our post. So it's always great to get recognition from either the author or someone who is involved with the book if it's a graphic novel, the illustrator maybe. But we always try to promote the book using the author or the celebrity. The celebrity writes a book and we use a picture of that. For promotion we also follow and support other libraries. And a great way to find libraries is just to search the Bookface Friday hashtag. Most libraries are doing bookface pictures and you can just search through and find great pictures and find great libraries that way. This last slide is a trend that I've noticed on Instagram. It is the Bookbento Instagram. There's actually an account called Bookbento. And if you don't know what a bento is, it's a traditional Japanese box for lunch. The picture is in the center of the bento. And I've just noticed that there's a trend of setting these pictures up in like a stylish and very particular manner that looks very nice. It's all coordinated and pleasing. And the bottom three, the one on the far right and left are Berlin Games pictures and the one in the center, the lead afford picture is ours. The top two came from at Bookbento. So it's a good thing to look for. And I think it's kind of like a fun new trend if you're interested in posting anything like that. And that's about all I have for today. We'll get to the questions. Yeah, Amanda, so thank you for sharing some of these great ideas. Now I think whether you already have an Instagram account for your library for those of you listening or you're starting this for the first time, this was a really nice outline of some of the different things you can do and the different types of things you can highlight that both promote your library and books and reading and all of those different causes and relating back to the goals, Amanda, that you shared with us at the beginning. So I think this is a really nice kind of overview of what the possibilities are. And Amanda, we've gotten a lot of questions already. And I know at this moment we have time to answer a few. We'll get to as many as we can right now. And then I'll invite everyone listening to continue to send questions in because we'll have more time at the end. But just a couple of questions for you Amanda. Now it looked like when we saw the schedule and that management organization sheet that you had that it seemed to be about one post per day. And so we have a couple of questions around that. First of all, is that kind of your target to do one post a day or how many do you try to post per day or per week? And do you know of any general recommendations for what's too much or too little in terms of number of posts? We tend to do one a day, but we don't always do one every day. So we'll maybe do like five to six a week, but it also depends on the week. So we try not to do too many. If we say we're going to post one and something else happens like last Thursday, I think we had a scheduled post, but then we posted something about prints instead. So if it can be posted later or at another time, we wait. But if we do do two posts a day, we try to do one in the morning and one in the afternoon and then maybe we'll do less during the week. So maybe that week we'll only do like four or five. But I think typically we do anywhere between four to six posts in a week. I know what Instagram is changing. I think they're going to have an algorithm and I'm not exactly sure how that's going to affect what people see. So I think we're trying to feel it out and see what's too much and what's not enough. Great. And I think we have time for just one more question right now, which is, and I think this is a really good question that was asked about posting pictures of patrons and especially I think this came up at the moment when you had the Youth Services slide up and you had the pictures of the kids up there as well. So how does your library handle permission for posting patron photos? Do you have a permission form or do you just ask for verbal permission? What do you do? They mostly do verbal permission. I did find out from one of our children's librarians that some of her regulars, she's just aware of whether or not they've already either signed the sheet because we do have a photo release sheet. But I think she is aware of who has signed that at this point. And she said if she's not sure, she will do a quick verbal agreement. She also said that some of her patrons that come to these programs, she knows that they have Instagram accounts, like even some of the kids and teens, they have their own Instagram account. So they're like, take a picture of me and they want it. So if they tell her that they want to be in the picture, then she will just go ahead and take the picture of them. Also, she said she likes to do some pictures in a way that may, I think in those pictures there is an example of, you can't quite see the entire face of the child. So she says she tends to do a lot of that as well when she is unsure whether or not that particular person has signed the release or if they would be uncomfortable with being posted. All right. Well thank you for sharing the way that you have handled that situation in your library. It sounds like there's a couple different ways that you've been addressing it and that you know your patrons pretty well as far as regular patrons go. So we have quite a few more questions, but I want to move on so we get to hear Ray's presentation as well. So Amanda, I'll say thank you right now. We'll bring you back on later for more questions. Okay. All right. And those of you who have asked questions know that we will continue to respond to those later on and we'll also follow up via email with any of those we aren't able to get to them during our live webinar today. But now I'd like to turn over the controls to Ray so that he can share some of the good practices from the Berlin Game Public Library's Instagram account. So Ray? Hello everybody. I just want to say thank you for spending the time and joining us in this webinar. My name is Ray DeLar and I work for the Berlin Public Library. We're a small library in the Bay Area. We serve a population of 37,000 people and we have about a staff of 63 people. And we also have a small branch called the Eastern Branch Library. I want to start first with some quick pointers about getting started with the Instagram account. First you want to pick a clearing concise username. You also want to create a strong description for your account and our description is listed there on the screenshot. Books, places, people, and things, the stuff we love. Another part of your profile will be a link. And we typically like to rotate out our links. Sometimes it's our link to our Facebook page. Sometimes the link to our library website. Sometimes it's links to, for example, this webinar was up there for people to register. And in the screenshot we have a link to one of our cool new projects that my co-worker is doing, a podcast project called NeUE.  And when we first started our account, it was simply our goal was to increase our presence on social media. And after running the account for almost two years now, we kind of fine-tuned our approach. But having these questions addressed when we first started would have helped us out very much in the beginning. And that is, to answer these questions, who is your intended audience? Are you going to reach out to the patrons that already use your library? Are you trying to reach out to those patrons or to those people who may not yet use your patrons? Or are you just sharing the fun things about your library with other libraries on social media? The next question is, what kind of content do you plan to share? Are you going to share pictures of events? Are you going to share new additions to your various collections? Are you going to share video? I'm going to go a little bit more into content creation a little bit later in the presentation. And finally, the question is, how do you manage your account? I know Amanda mentioned that Cherry Hill has a social media team and we also have a social media team here at the Brolinian Library. We run a little bit differently. We have people designated for each social media outlet. I'm in charge of Instagram. We have other people in charge of our Twitter accounts, of our Facebook account, YouTube channel, and also our Pinterest account. And we meet once a month to kind of coordinate our efforts. And we actually started doing an editorial calendar so we could all kind of know what everybody's posting so we kind of avoid reposting the same things. So what do you do when you have this new cool account on Instagram? Well, you got to market it. And this is some of the ways that we marketed our account when we first started. We announced the account on email, newsletters, all of our program flyers, our website. We made social media bookmarks that we put in people's holds. When they picked them up, they had these social media bookmarks. We left them on all the desks. We passed them out at author events. And we put all of our social media badges on our email signatures, too. Of course, we used all of our other social media accounts to announce that we're starting an Instagram. We also, in the very beginning, linked most of our IG posts to Facebook. So then we would be posting on both outlets at the same time. And there's also that level of just word of mouth. We told our friends. We told our family. We told our coworkers to follow. And of course, we followed other libraries. And Amanda mentioned searching the book face Friday tag to find other libraries. Another tip that we used when we were trying to find other libraries is we just looked at what other libraries, looked at what other libraries, who other libraries were following. And you could simply just click on somebody's followers account and it will list everybody that they follow. And more often than not, a whole bunch of other libraries as well. So that's another good way to find other libraries on Instagram. And of course, a big priority for us here in Brolin Game now is to engage our community to tell them that we have this account. We're using this account to share the events and the special moments that happen within our library. And the way to do that is search hashtags and start your own hashtag campaigns. And of course, to get out of the library, get into the community, post pictures outside of the library, basically getting outside of the walls to really find people. This next slide has a couple of screenshots here. And this is, these all relate to searching the hashtags on Instagram. And Instagram now, you weren't able to search hashtags through their web based version, but now you can. So it's pretty cool. So that first one is just our location. And I just looked that up and I took a screenshot and it shows us the pictures that people have posted. Actually none of these pictures are actually ours. These are all from our patrons. And they just used the Brolin Game library location when they posted their account. And then I went in there, they liked it and I commented. And those likes in the comments people see and then they know that the library has an account. So it's a great way to reach out to those people who are using Instagram and using Instagram right in your library. I also searched the hashtag just Brolin Game Library. Most of those pictures now are from us, but when we first started the account, most of those pictures were from users that didn't even know that we had an account. So basically, I just went back and I liked all those pictures. And then again, those people then some of them followed us. And then I just searched the hashtag Brolin Game as well. A lot of pictures show up and it's also a good tool for you starting an Instagram account is that when you look at your location and hashtags, you kind of see the places where the community is and what they're posting. You could also post and go to those same places and take photos and also like all them and comment. And then also search the popular areas in your city. That last screenshot is the Brolin Game Avenue hashtag and again, it's a good way to engage your community. I mentioned something about creating your own hashtags to engage and this is an example of one that we did two Halloween ago. We had a theme of Brolin Game of Thrones and we actually built a throne out of books and we placed it on the lobby with a sign saying take a picture sitting on the throne of books and tag us on Instagram and use the hashtag Brolin Game of Thrones. And this is really a way for us to find out who in our community and who of our patrons are actually on Instagram. And to our surprise, people started posting and the three photos aren't our photos at all. Those are from patrons and it's just a good tool that helps us really see that there are people out using our library and who are on Instagram at the same time. Another create your own hashtag campaign was last summer we did a called the 100 Day Project and actually it was just an overall Instagram challenge meant for people to post something created whether it was a drawing or a video for 100 Day Street and make that commitment. And we attempted it. We actually went and got through all 100 days and it was our pin though was that for each post we would post something that had to do about the City of Brolin Game. So it was a great way to reach out to those people to find our account as an informative avenue about their own city. And it was another great way to connect with local businesses, connect with the Brolin Game Historical Society and other community organizations. Again, another great way to build staff support for their account because 100 pictures for 100 Day Street was a lot to handle for just one person. So I sent a call out to all my coworkers and my staff to see if they had anything interesting that I should highlight during this project or if they could take pictures if they had any ideas. And we really just pulled all these pictures together and we got this project done. We got a lot of great feedback from our community as well. Amanda talked about hashtags. I'm going to go into some of the hashtags real briefly. You want to participate in library hashtag campaigns and Instagram challenges and I'll go into what's more specific about that later. And there's a list of some hashtags here that I tend to use on most of our posts. Again, the hashtags I think are important. You don't want to go overboard but we are putting this content out to be shared and when you add another hashtag it's putting your picture in a pool of photos that you never know if you'll gain somebody's interest. So I would think that it's a great idea to use hashtags for your images. An example of a great library hashtag is Bookface Friday and 13,000, almost 14,000 posts. It's been pretty amazing. Libraries all over the world are participating and it simply takes a book and a staff member willing to pose but it's a great way to get your name out if you're just starting or to create content if you already have an account. This is a great example of a library using a hashtag and putting a library spin on it. The Bernardville Public Library created this library hashtag. It's called Library in My Hand and it's a very captivating image. It shows somebody holding their phone but having some sort of library service displayed on there and it was a great way to promote the remote services that are available to patrons when they're not even in the library and libraries all over again joined in and participated. It was a great example and I wanted to highlight this example during this presentation of a way that libraries have been using Instagram to promote services, not even just services that happen inside the building but from home just simply through your device. I talked a little bit about reaching out to your local community but also there's a second part to it is that there's a community on Instagram and from my experience what I kind of did is I just dived right into it. I followed all the library accounts. I liked a lot of pictures, commented and also I followed Instagram's actual account and by doing so Instagram will post images that you kind of want to replicate their beautiful photos but on top of that what they'll also do is they'll highlight other accounts and looking at other people's accounts also has provided an inspiration for me to also get ideas of what to post to the library, putting a library spin on things. So highly suggest to follow Instagram and if you have the chance to connect with other Instagramers we were lucky to be invited not too long ago. A couple of weekends ago to San Francisco Public Library for InstaMeet where we got to meet other Instagramers and we got a special tour of the main library down there behind the scenes before the library opened and it was a great event and so I encourage if you have the opportunity to host an InstaMeet at your library or attend one, do so. It was an awesome event and I was very honored to have been invited and collaborate with your fellow libraries on Instagram. We're all in this together. We're all showing, trying to show that libraries are changing today and we're developing new ways and we're accepting new ways of reaching our community and just being on Instagram is a testament to that. So we're together with other libraries on Instagram. Last year we did the library Donut Shelfie where I reached out to the libraries on Instagram to send me Donut Shelfies and it's kind of hard to explain with text that's on our YouTube channel but we had about 18 libraries submit to us these Donut Shelfies and it created this one big selfie and it got everyone involved and it was a fun project. So collaborate, reach out to your fellow libraries in your system or just in general and work on projects together.  Here's a little image of what we have so far in terms of what we use as camera, GoPro, some tripod and when it gets petty then we definitely use a laptop to do some further editing. This is Crystal. I'm just going to jump in here. Just out of time what I might suggest is if we jump ahead because you've got and we'll let everybody know all these slides will be available about the content creation and I know you've got some slides in here that talk about the video and stop motion video and some great tips in there. But I think it might be good if we jump ahead to hearing about some of your challenges and successes maybe just a little bit on the analytics if you want to jump there and then that way we have time for a few more questions before we wrap up. Good, sounds good. Okay, so let's just jump to the challenges and one thing that helped us out is that the city developed a social media policy and that applied to content that we created and also the comments and followers and who to follow. So double check with your city or your library to find out if you have a social media policy and that will help you out in launching your account. Again, getting the word out to your community and I touched on some of the things that we did and of course keeping content fresh. You don't want to overload all your social media outlets with the same thing so it does take some coordination between your team and finding the time to just make the content and managing the account has been a challenge. But even with all these challenges there has been some success with our account and just real brief we were lucky to be on the list of the top 10 best related books and the best book related Instagram accounts. We were also featured last year in the New York Times for some of our book faces and we were also recognized at ALA for our book faces as a way to promote collections and I mentioned participating in Instagram challenges. Last Halloween we were selected as a winner for Instagram's weekend hashtag project and it was a very exciting thing to have been featured by Instagram themselves. So just to take away points and just dive into the Instagram community. Comment, follow and like other library photos, even other Instagramers, people in your community really get involved. Be passionate. Although I managed the account, the account would not be here because it was not for my coworkers and they're willing to pose for a book face or they're willing to help out with shooting a video. So definitely you want to utilize your coworkers and your library. And of course have fun because it will translate into your account and people will see it and hopefully they will follow. And that's pretty much it. All right. And Ray, I know you've got these links here and these we are including in the archive. There's some really great ideas here and also some conversation about video on Instagram from the Instagram Help Files. So we'll include those in the archive as well. And just to reiterate, we do have all of the slides and there are some really great tips included to encourage you to go back through those. But we want to take just a few more minutes for some of the questions that have been coming in especially as they pertain to what you've been sharing so far. And Ray, I know you talked a little bit more about the hashtags. And we've had quite a few questions about how to use the hashtags. And one was, do you have any advice on getting people to participate in the library hashtags? I know you had a few examples you shared, but was there anything specific you did to promote the hashtag itself or did it just kind of catch on? Well with the Brolin Game and Thrones example, we simply just left a sign there right next to the throne of books to kind of inform people that we are on social media and to use the hashtag. We have been doing these little projects like that scavenger hunt and then it shows some of those photos. And whenever we do programs or something like that, we'd like to try to create our own specific hashtags so then people who participate can search it and find it as well. Great. And another question came in, is there such thing as too many hashtags? I know sometimes we see people use many, many hashtags. So do you have a certain number that you shoot for when you're creating a post or a point where you think it might be too many for a library account? I think no. I mean there's a point where it could be way too many hashtags. But I think for us we tend to use always kind of the same ones. Right now we're using like a set of maybe five or six that are applied to each post. Libraries Transform, Libraries of Instagram, Library Life, Libraries and then Brolin Game and then Brolin Game Library. And those are kind of our consistent hashtags. And then of course the other ones that we add on are dependent on what we're posting. Right. And then do you have any tips for identifying pop culture trends that you might tack on to or things in your community? Finding those or discovering them? Again a lot of it is following other community organizations on Instagram and also searching the local hashtags. And also the Explore page on Instagram is a good way to find just general pop culture trends because just like Twitter they'll highlight the hashtags that are trending so to speak. So the Explore page is a great place to find those kind of trends. So we did have some questions kind of in between your presentation and Amanda. So Amanda I'll have you come on now and maybe answer this one as well. And one that I think is really important for us to consider in public libraries especially is dealing with inappropriate comments. So I'd like to ask each of you, Amanda I'll have you go first on this one. Have you had any inappropriate comments come in? How have you handled those in your library? Whether it was somebody who was just being negative or seemed to be kind of a spammer or an Instagram trolling type of person. Have you handled that? I don't think we've actually had a problem with that on Instagram. We have had a couple problems on Facebook. When they came in they were handled pretty much directly by our director. And she addressed it, answered their question, and then blocked them so that they could not post anything else negative when it came to the point where it was just obvious that they were just being negative to be negative. Right. And it sounds like you got second opinion from administration or manager so that's always good to do. Ray what about on your end? Have you had any issues with inappropriate comments? Yes we have. And that's why on the challenges I wrote down that social media policy. So the city and the library has adopted any social media policy and that applies to comments. So off the top of my head I don't know the exact wording. Basically if it's a dig at a coworker or just inappropriate, we delete it straight out. And if it continues to happen then we block the user. All right. And I know one of the people who asked that question said that they had very strict policies for not deleting comments. So maybe that's where taking a look at updating policies especially around social media might be something to consider in your library if that's an issue that you're facing. And so that is a good thing to consider. Well we're just about out of time. And I suppose that what I want to just reiterate for everybody who has questions we haven't responded to. I know we had a lot of very technical questions and also some that we just simply didn't have time for. We will get back to you all via email with those. And also again we'll have all of those resources and links available to you. I did just want to end with one last question for each of you though. And this came early on. And I know you shared a lot of different examples of what types of content you are sharing. But what are you finding gets the most engagement from your users, from your followers, the most shares, the most followers, and the most views. So Amanda again I'll have you go first.  Actually not sure. I feel like it varies. I think a lot of times it's just what happens to be the best picture. And it might also depend on what time we post it. I think that it really depends. I don't think there's a one set thing for us that gets better. I know you talked a lot about the quality photos so that definitely seems to be an emphasis for you in something that's working well at Cherry Hill. Ray what about you? What seems to be the most popular content out there for your Instagram account? I would say of course number one is the bookface Friday post for sure. I think it's just such a wildly popular hashtag that not only are people seeing it in their feeds but people are just clicking on the hashtag. They might not even be following us and they see our photos. So the popularity of that hashtag has led those kind of posts to be the most popular on our account. Second to that I would think would be some of the stop-motion videos that we do to either promote events or to highlight new books. Other than that pictures of our community I think are probably the next highest on that and that's the goal that we have going forward is to kind of share more pictures of the people that come into the library. Great. And I agree those bookface Fridays sure are fun and get people's attention. So that sounds like maybe a good place to start if you're not doing that or if your library is starting with Instagram that could be a really great avenue for you to start on. So Amanda and Ray thank you so much for sharing. We will get back to you with those unanswered questions via email and we'll be sending out that archive later on this week. Please do stay on the line. I have just a few announcements that you might be interested in and we'll ask you to take a brief survey at the very end. But I just wanted to remind you again about that Storymakers 2016 campaign and the prizes that you can win there. Submissions can be sent in through May 31 and there are a few webinars still coming up on polishing your digital story and using photos specifically to tell your story. So you might be interested there. Also we have a few upcoming library webinars, one on outcome measurement for small libraries next Wednesday May 4 and one on May 18 on teaching digital skills to older adults in libraries. So that's all that we have for you today. I just want to thank ReadyTalk for being our sponsor and thanks again to Ray and Amanda for sharing their Instagram expertise and thank you to you for joining us. So have a great afternoon everybody. Thanks. Bye-bye.


We're just going to open it up because we've got about 20 minutes of Q&A, so I will call on people and then you direct your question to the parties that you would like to address it to any of the panelists. So, Hans, Solomon? Yeah, I guess this question of origin is about the scope of the book, so since you said the frame is being very much, oh, you won't be good, come here, just check it, just talk up. Okay, so you framed the book very much in being in this sort of contemporary global justice literature. Do you think it has anything to say to maybe people who have a slightly, you know, more classical, like, you know, maybe communitarian view of what justice is? I'm thinking, you know, there's the discussion in Book Two of the Republic, right, of the just state, and the interesting thing, of course, is he begins by saying, well, the just state is a bunch of people living happily in community and God kind of objects. Okay, that's a city of pigs.  And if you have that view of justice, do you have anything to say about that or would they object that maybe you're just talking about the merely global luxurious state? Good question. As far as I'm concerned, bigger the audience the better, communitarians, nine-year-olds doing what we're about, and they're very hard to speak for, you know, who might find this of some interest, but it doesn't presuppose a certain party line. I hope it doesn't. At some places, we say, look, we can't argue back the first principles on everything, but sure, I think the communitarians are worth talking to. Thank you. If I can exercise my prerogative here, I have a question. When have you not? It goes to all three of you, actually, but so, but what if the, if the empirical evidence cut a different way, how would that impact your argument in here? So let's say that, you know, the way even, so Michael was giving a very telling illustration, right? But what if the consequences of the migration patterns were devastating to the other group here? Would that change the argument or not? The reason why I asked that is because sometimes people make an argument about migration going that way, and it does appear to be, allow a debate over, you know, what happens with the cultural, say that you're debating with the Bohosts or something, right? And so it's not an issue of rights in that sense, it's a sense of the consequences of what happens with the migration patterns, I'd say. So how would you deal with that if leaving people alone ended up with consequences that didn't cut in the way that we want them to? How did that for you? Unless you'd like to. So one thing that I didn't mention, which to me was one of 50 fascinating things in the book, is that it is not a case for open borders in the sense of completely unregulated movement of people. In particular, they express serious concern about the potential for entrance to commit violent acts. And they argued that it is legitimate and just to restrict people who, on an individual basis, are suspected to be a violent threat, and not just that, but that the standard that is applied should be lower than the conservative court standard of innocent until proven guilty, that the justice allows some latitude for individual exclusion on that margin. So that's the one thing I wanted to clarify. And whenever one is talking about this issue, the slippery slope to God knows what disaster always comes up. And as I was reading Scott versus Sanford, 1857, preparing for this, I found this delicious passage in which the writer of the majority opinion is talking about the slippery slope of what would happen if we gave citizenship to all of these people of African descent, quote, it would give to persons of the Negro race the right to enter every state whenever they pleased, to sojourn there as long as they pleased, to go where they pleased, the full liberty of speech in public and in private upon all subjects upon which its own citizens may speak, to hold public meetings in political affairs and to keep and bear arms wherever they want. Obviously, a horrifying scenario that pretty much describes what we have today. And statements like that, thousands of statements like that make me suspicious of the slippery slopes of the world. Whenever a person in Great Britain talks to me about what might happen to their culture if people move there, I ask them if they can read Beowulf in the original, which I can't. It was written in the ninth century. I can make out about a word per page, but I can read Chaucer about five, four or five hundred years later. And the only reason I can do that is because the language has been hopelessly corrupted by French by that time, giving us a language I can understand, giving us Shakespeare, etc., I'm not sure how it is logically coherent for somebody who is such a beneficiary of cultural bastardization to be so suspicious of it. And perhaps we should be suspicious of those who assert that cultural change brings disaster. Just to push back on that, just so you know where I'm coming from, I'm basically an open-border person, that's where my commitments are. But I'm also interested in this empirical issue. And there probably are people who care about preserving a culture, which I think is fool's errand. But then there are people I think, Thomas Sowell is someone who, without his opinion, I'm not sure. But there are cultural qualities that are conducive to the maintenance of liberal institutions. And so could there be a rate, an extent of migration of people with non-liberal values that could overwhelm and undermine the broader picture of liberty that I think you want to maintain? So not so much. When the French came in, they enslaved the locals. They killed a lot of them. They took their land and they established feudalism. And it was really bad for a lot of people for several hundred years. So not so much that the language changed or that the literature changed, but that there was real suffering by real individuals for a period of time. So can you comment, maybe, from that point of view? This is in the book, so if you'd like to say this exact issue. I wouldn't think that the Norman invasion is a paradigm of libertarian politics and operation. But let me bring it a little bit closer to today. Change of culture is, I think, pretty innocuous, frankly. Because culture changes kind of, you know, I'm pissed off that I can't use any of the apps my students use. That culture has left me behind. Sometimes, you know, sometimes they tell me they'll show me how to take selfies, but then I see what it looks like and I think better left alone. But you were talking about not just change of coat, but bad stuff happening. And of course, we were all titillated by the news that one of the eight murderers who granted the carnage in Paris was a pseudo-refugee from Syria, big news. And so our candidates pontificated about the much more interesting factor is what? Seven and one. Seven and one. Yeah, but these are people who were settled in part of the... And yet, they made even William the Conqueror's boys save gentlemen comparison. I think there's some real issue here, these conditions for maintaining civility. Not reading Beyl Wolf, although I used to do when I was a nine-year-old doing book reports. But in terms of the conditions in which we can appease a blade, as far as I can tell, well, Pete's going to tell me that economists have worked out the model for this, but this seems to me to be one of the great unsolved problems. We keep working on it. Sometimes I think, you know, make progress, but I've taken off a lot of regress, too, especially every four years. Michael? Unless you want to say something. Just briefly, you know, the uniquely horrifying thing about HIV is that it attacks the very cells, which make a immune response. So there's something especially pernicious about it. And I can imagine hypothetically legitimate migration restrictions in order for a liberal order to prevent its own destruction. But given that it is an extreme understatement to say that that case has been argued for countless groups, including a group that Thomas Sowell belongs to in the past. Economist? Yes, actually. They're already inside the gate. In many departments, in certain disciplines, yes. And at least one other group, and maybe more, we should really place the burden of proof on, you know, the way that this has escaped in Paul Collier's book Exodus is that he just says, well, you know, migration is irreversible, so we should stop it right now just in case that happens. That is, just giving up the entire tradition of marginal analysis in economics and saying, well, if there might be a margin someday on which it happens. And I think that's insufficient given the many, many, many, many, many times that inside groups have cried wolf. And we should wait until there's substantial evidence that our institutions are going away. The court in Sanford, in Scott versus Sanford was certain that the very institutions that underpin American society would be erased by allowing even a limited number of people of African descent to participate in it. And that's so bizarre that we should demand much, much more than the kind of vacuous fear-mongering that Collier and others engage in. Actually, I think it's on the same line, but it's a question in clarification. I think there's a starting point in this distinction, or maybe there's a lack of a distinction between economic migrants and refugees, right? So it's not very clear what was your argument there. And I'm asking you this question because years ago I had taken a class with you on lifeboat ethics about Green University, 20 years or so ago. Now, that lifeboat ethics class was exactly about profiles and typologies, and there it uses in various moral and political circumstances, creating lists, creating priorities, and setting up criteria that might be operational in different circumstances. So I'm not very sure how your thought has evolved from that initial lifeboat ethics approach to this, I'm not very sure, lack of distinction between economic migrants and refugees, including the moral and political implications of those lack of distinctions. Yeah, I'm not sure how well you did in that class, so I'm going to test you. Just what was my position 20 years ago? Okay, let me test you on that then. No, I'm testing you on that. That's your question in clarification. Is he playing fair? Oh, you're an economist now. Go ahead. Oh, that's it. I'm not sure what I might have said under the pressure of very clever students in that class. So I'm going to punt on that, but I'll tell you what I think now. I think that in my understanding of how the world could be, the case for economic migrants is actually much stronger than refugees. And it's much stronger because economic migration involves voluntary transactions among people who want to work or study or rent places with others who want to do that, et cetera, et cetera. The case, though, with refugees is, of course, that typically if you're running away from Assad or ISIS or you're in a condition of desperation, you may be a drain on the resources of others rather than contributing to them. Nonetheless, of course, I think you'd have to either be very heartless or have taken a lot of economics courses not to feel sympathy for those who are fleeing for their lives and such. I would be entirely comfortable with support for refugees and the like being protested. I think there are enough decent people who would be willing to support others. Everything deep was done through so much of the history of this country and other places that accepted people coming in. I don't know if that suits you. Is that what I said 20 years ago? Actually, 20 years ago, I think that your position was clear in terms of the criteria that we have to use in such circumstances. Who's the way? When you say way, I think way is the most tricky word in philosophical policy. Well, let's say for the sake of this conversation, the two of us. The two of us. Private citizens. Me and you. So 20 years ago, the idea was that in such circumstances that we have limited resources, which is the lifeboat, yes. And we have a population that is larger than the carrying capacity of the lifeboat. We have to make tough decisions.  Those criteria should be consistent. So in other words, when I'm creating two classes, economic migrants and refugees, I have to use, right, a consistent set of criteria in order to make a decision on a lifeboat situation. So now you may say that we are not in the lifeboat situation, and then you continue conversation from there. But if we use the extreme case of the lifeboat situation, we'll be helping us to focus better the conversation. Now, in your reply, I'm not very sure if I got the point, right? You said that there are two types of criteria. One of the set of criteria is operating for the economic migrants. And the other set of criteria is operating for the refugees, the people that are running from war. And I agree with that. We could have a conversation in that direction if you want. But that was not the point, right? The point was to have a sort of unitary set of criteria for an extreme situation that would be helping us to get a better sense. What is the set of moral principles or political principles or institutional design principles that we are using when discussing a very conflict and the plight issue like war and migration? Good. A, I don't think a lifeboat metaphor is helpful in this. I think it's positively misleading. Second, I'm going to guess it was Ray Fryd, my colleague at Bowling Green, who actually gave that course. Because I don't recall saying what you said. But third, that's one criteria. The primary one is non-interference.  You know, borrowing. We can all do the negative externalities, stars.  You can figure out ways to tax height for goodness sake. That was a new one today. Thank God it isn't taxing weight, right? But of course, in the case of refugees, it goes beyond that. It goes beyond simply non-interference, but positively helping. Should we do it? Yeah, but that's a further step. And I think that's probably all I have to say. Alex? So a question for Michael and maybe Lauren wants to follow up. Is that justice at a distance seems to, could be worked better in some societies than in others. So it seems that one of the problems with some of the European economies with immigrants coming in is that they have such constrained labor markets and perhaps also invidious discrimination to a greater extent than elsewhere that you manage to, in one society, have people cut off from the majority in that society. And so develop an external worldview while being within this society. And that's where a lot of these problems come from. So the question is what kind of institutions do we need when not at a distance in order to best take advantage of and best integrate and best make justice at a distance possible? You mean with regard to individual mobility across borders? So if we have a lot of people coming in, that means in order to live with that we're going to have to change internal institutions. What kind of internal institutions are going to best allow us to achieve justice at a distance? I think that was clear. So there's a fascinating part of the book that relates to this where they discuss the welfare state and does the welfare state exacerbate nativism by giving people all kinds of reasons to exclude because they create a necessary link between inclusion and expropriation. And as I mentioned, I think you could discuss all kinds of policy remedies, but there is this core question of whether certain domestic institutions allow mobility or don't. An analogy I often make is there were coercive institutions to prevent female labor force entry.  I had never heard of it before a few months ago, but Claudia Golden documents that in the 1920s and 30s many white collar firms and school districts had explicit, often written policies of either not hiring or firing married women. And you could imagine that the entry of women into the labor force caused some non-zero harms. You could probably find a workplace rape that occurred only because women were allowed to work that wouldn't have happened otherwise. I hope nobody in this room would think that's a reason to coerce women not to work. You might think it's a reason for education about sexual harassment or education about self-defense or many other norms and institutions that would allow mobility into the labor force rather than using that as a pretext to ban it. And I think it's very clear that the development of those institutions made that particular kind of mobility possible. What I don't know and what I would like to know from Lauren is if this bears on the question of justice. Because the question of the book is what do we owe to people who are poor in distance? Is it actually unjust to... So a couple of fascinating papers by Leonard in the Journal of Economic Perspectives argues that the minimum wage was in part created as an exclusionary mechanism for migrants. Do we owe it to the distant poor of the world to dismantle institutions like that to the extent that they block mobility? I don't have an answer to that, but I'll bet that Lauren does. Well, I'm not sure I qualified until two minutes ago. The marriage bar was where spouses went when they needed a drink after, you know what? So this is... See, I told you that I'd benefit more when I come here than I provide. But my first answer on this and several other questions is the default position should be non-interference. If you're suggesting that Europe involved far more interference in labor markets specifically and other stuff too than the U.S., I think that's right. Germany has done brilliantly in this regard by sagaciously managing to get its population growth rate down to 1.5 or 1.6 per one so that there are plenty of room for bringing in... I'm being sarcastic. I realize one shouldn't rely on humor in a room of economists. But basically leaving people alone ought to be the first thing. And I think we agreed on that. Like minimum wage. Who here really likes minimum wage? Going to go along, bring it up to 50, like... She's not president yet. Candidate Clinton. Well, you know, where I'm afraid something of a minority. Is that going to harm lots of people who can least stand time? Yeah, it will. Is it alive or to happen? Sure it will. I can tell you a story about expressive voting, but I've taken too much time talking already. Okay, we're actually, unfortunately, we're out of time here. I want to thank each of the panelists and Lauren for coming here today and sharing their ideas. I'm sure that we have a lot of additional questions to ask. I would love to talk to Jesse about Rwanda and Bosnia and other kinds of things like that and what that entails in terms of when, for example, Roosevelt sent back people into Holocaust Europe, rather than accepting them into the United States and what's the moral lesson from that as it relates to where we are today. And all these kind of questions, so I hope that we continue this kind of conversation. But please join me in thanking our panelists.


Hey guys, Dr. Hyne. I thought I would do something a little bit different today. Do a little bit of a holiday vlog. It's Christmas Eve, and I'm just going for a little walk to get some quiet time. Something that comes up a lot when people ask me, that they ask me is if alternative medicine or if Chinese medicine can work so well, why is it not more popular? And I hear this from a lot of my patients that get really good results and they're wondering why their physician never sought to recommend what I do, for example, and why they just put them on very strong drugs for a very long time. And I think there are three very good reasons for that, and I think we would talk about them here today, and that'd be very useful. So, reason number one. I don't actually think most alternative medicine is that clinically effective. Sorry. I mean, my own journey of this kid with lifelong digestive problems, going all around the world to try to find healers and alternative doctors and herbalists, acupuncturists, naturopathic doctors, everyone. I did not find it that easy to find people who were clinically skilled enough that they could get me someone with very basic digestive problems better. And I think the general state of alternative medicine, I think people should be skeptical because I don't think most of it is really that clinically effective. And I hate to be Mr. Pu-Pu-ing everyone else, but I also don't think the actual state or the skill of most people in my field is that high. And that's also discouraging because it means that I can't recommend 95% of people in my own field because I don't think most of them, I don't think most of us get the training inherently in school. We need to be good clinically. I mean, I had to go outside of school. I had to find three great doctors on my own and put in a lot of extra time to try to find people who are really successfully treating illnesses of all kinds successfully. So one, I don't think really most alternative medicine is actually that clinically effective. You know, when I hear people and they're just talking about going to like a healer or a rakey master or massage therapist, I'm not trying to throw anyone under the bus, but I do think most alternative medicine falls into the category of emotional and psychological healing. So the therapeutic relationship being very important for the patient to get results. If you track objectively where their symptoms really improving a whole lot, I'm not really sure most people would be able to see that they are. So that's my opinion for number one. The people who are so clinically good that they have the results, they have physicians as their patients. And I know practitioners who do and, you know, I'm starting to have some as my own as well. Reason number two, that alternative medicine is not more popular is because there are powerful economic reasons that most people don't see studies done on alternative medicine.  I don't remember the last time I checked, but somebody suggested I believe a couple hundred thousand to potentially a million dollars for a properly randomized placebo controlled trial with a sample size big enough. Most people in our field don't have that much money because, well, one, you have to be popular enough and make enough money to do that. But two, if you're pretty damn confident, something you're doing is working. Whereas the incentive financially for you to run a trial, right? So that's a problem. And a lot of the people who do have the money to run the trials are like pharmaceutical companies. And are you going to fund a trial to see that something you do is ineffective? Or are you going to run a trial that finds that like an herbal compound works just as well as most of your antidepressants, most of your SSRIs? Why would you ever run a trial to put yourself out of business, right? So this is often called publication bias, where, for example, the studies that are really do not show a favorable outcome are discarded or not included from what's presented and the ones that are only showing favorable results are then presented and publicized. Now, this is very tricky. And I think it's the FDA maybe that has recently created laws that those documents have to be accessible. The other trials that were not shown to have benefit, for example, in antidepressant studies. So one of the big problems is that we have to have enough money to be able to run those trials. And two, a lot of the people that do are pharmaceutical companies who, of course, they're not evil by themselves, but of course, they want to see favorable results in their own products. Otherwise, why publish data that says, like, I run John's Bagel Shop. We did a study that found that we have the worst bagels in New York, right? Like, that's basically what would happen. We found that we have some of the least favored bagels in New York City. Come on over. Just no one's going to do that because no one wants to be put out of business. So reason number two is you need to have the money to really study a lot of these compounds, whether it's something pharmacological, like a plant or a mushroom, whatever it is you take, or if it's an intervention like acupuncture or a massage or a walk in the woods versus an anxiety drug, you need to have the money to put in to doing a study. The third reason is because there are a lot of different organizations working together to lobby against even alternative medicine. I mean, it really is just old school business practices. You know, physicians, if physicians are losing patience to chiropractors and naturopathic doctors and acupuncturists, then there are bodies, lobbying bodies, that try to put all of us out of business. Just like there are lobbying interests that got chiropractors the ability to do acupuncture and call it dry needling. Just like PTs can do acupuncture and call it dry needling. Or MDs can do a very, very short course on acupuncture and then do acupuncture. These are all usually lobbying efforts basically to get a piece of the pie. And that's just standard business stuff. You know, everyone is trying to make a living. That's okay. But there are widespread reasons for that. So for example, one of the interesting things I found was that in Japan, a high percentage of physicians that are OBGYNs use classical Chinese herbal formulas because they are so clinically effective for women's health issues and gynecological issues that they have the clinical efficacy. And there even some Chinese compounds are actually OTC, like OTC drugs almost. Shenshiwan for middle-aged men with urinary dysfunction or Gugentang which has Mahuang for acute colds. That's often in markets in Japan with the Mahuang via Fedra. And so you see in other countries, you know, where the clinical efficacy really is at the forefront and the cost saving for patients is at the forefront. And it's not America where physicians have high salaries and they're also really just primarily learning about drugs as their intervention. That's kind of, you know, no matter how well-intentioned your physician is unless they recommend something that they're not giving you. You found a gem. They exist, I know. But many times, you know, it's not clinical efficacy that determines what your physician tells you. That's been great marketing on the part of the AMA and the, you know, the Flexional Report going back 100 years. You know, these same formulas used for the same conditions are used in Japan by gynecologists. A huge percentage. And they're even covered by insurance. So it's tricky in America because our healthcare system is some of the least effective and some of the most expensive. We have some of the worst patient outcomes anywhere in the developed world and have one of the most expensive healthcare systems. So I don't know about you, but if I bought the most expensive broccoli that tasted the worst, I would call that a racket. And in Europe, where physicians don't make a lot of money necessarily. And Europe is very advanced in terms of like outlong pesticides and maybe pulling drugs out the market sometimes when there are problems. Why America is 10 or 20 years behind, I don't know. But the third reason is that really there are multiple bodies together that want to make sure that pharmaceuticals are the main form of intervention and surgery. And that the hospitals are getting reimbursed properly. And so it really works back and forth. There are multiple, you know, businesses, this was called in that, that work together that have decided that this is the way they want the medical interventions to be. Not that it's going to be, you know, the most evidence based cost affordable medicine for the patient. So that was not accidental. That was deliberate. And that was really the third reason I would say why alternative medicine, if it's so effective, why is it not more popular? It's kind of a question that people ask without directly asking. And I think it's a great question. So that's all I got for you today, guys. Catch you in the next video. If you like these vlog styles, let me know. I'm happy to do more of them. It's very easy for me to just go take a break and chat about a topic that I have two cents on. So if you like it, let me know. And otherwise, I'll catch you in the other videos soon.


I'm surprised that it happened before the draft, but we finally got it, man. Aaron Rodgers to the jet, second rounder this year, pick swap in the first round this year, and a conditional first next year. But this deal has been confirmed for what feels like forever, right? The only thing we've been missing is the exact details. If this deal had fallen through, I would have considered it a disaster. I don't know what the Jets would have done. And because this deal has been out in the open for so long, we kind of already know all the implications. Obviously, the Packers have faith and Jordan love to be their future franchise quarterback. And now the Jets are going to have some serious expectations going into this year. Breeze Hall gets healthy, you have a great young receiver and Garrett Wilson. And now for the first time in what feels like forever, you have a serious option at quarterback. So for the Jets, obviously you have to have high expectations. And the Packers aren't going to have high expectations, but given their track record with developing quarterbacks behind an established vet, I would not be surprised to see them have success with Jordan love.


Arthroscopic partial minisectomy, or APM, is one of the most common surgeries for repairing knee damage, particularly for patients with meniscal tears. During the operation, surgeons often incidentally uncover additional damage to the surrounding cartilage in the form of chondral lesions. But despite the high prevalence of these lesions, their effects on postoperative outcomes aren't clear. To better understand this relationship, a U.S.-based research team has compared how patients with and without chondral lesions fare after APM. They found that those going into surgery showing this damage have less successful recoveries. This conclusion was based on a fresh look at the results of a clinical trial known as the CHAMP trial. The trial had originally compared two methods for dealing with chondral lesions during APM, simple observation or debridement. Although patients' clinical and functional scores didn't differ between these treatments, the outcomes of patients with untreated chondral lesions had not been compared to those of patients with no lesions to begin with. This left open the question of how the mere presence of chondral lesions affects the results of the surgery. To answer this, the team separated the patients based on whether they had untreated lesions or no lesions at all, and compared their scores on surveys assessing knee pain and function. The patients without chondral lesions showed better postoperative outcomes across the board, with reduced symptoms, better knee function, and better quality of life at one year after surgery than those with lesions that had gone untreated. Those with no lesions also showed better postoperative range of motion. Perhaps the most interesting finding was that these scores weren't significantly different between the groups prior to surgery. The presence of chondral lesions alone didn't seem to cause symptoms. It was only after APM that the lesions made their presence known. These results suggest that careful preoperative evaluation of whether a patient has chondral lesions can inform on the best surgical options for treating the knee. By understanding how the lesions affect healing from APM, medical teams can be better prepared to manage patients presenting with this condition.


This is Stink Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. Okay, we're back. We're live. I'm Jay Fidel. This is Stink Tech. It's actually, it's Hawaii the State of Clean Energy. It's a special energy report. Sharon Moriwaki and me, she's the co-chair of the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum and my co-host in this show. And we have a special guest from Hawaii Electric Company. It's Richard Barone and he is the manager of DR. Demand response. I knew that. Okay. Welcome to the show, Richard. Thanks, Jay. You've had big news. Let's talk about it. Big news. Yes, on the 25th of January, we were awarded a decision in order, a very favorable one on our demand response portfolio application. Okay, I guess the first question is, what actually is demand response? Yeah, demand response sounds a little pushy. I demand a response. But to begin with, it's actually a lot nicer than that. Demand response, if you look at the electric utility paradigm, you have typically the supply resource, which have always been generators for the most part. And then you've got the demand side of the equation. So how much electricity, for example, do customers in that environment, do they need? Do they consume? Do they demand? And demand response is a mechanism by which you manipulate, if you can, the demand. You either move it around, you lessen it, you grow it as need be, in an attempt to help balance the overall system. How do you do that electronically or in some other way? Well, historically demand response was really just hitting on certain devices in the home and saying, we're going to stop using that for a while. You do that in commercial instances as well and that helps the demand reduce on the overall system. But increasingly these days, you've got a lot more demand flexibility on the customers. The customers are producing electricity now. They've got storage to hold onto it, EVs, and other much more dynamic devices. So what we're really able to do now is we have a situation on the grid. We're sending out signals to collections of devices and they're acting in accordance with what we need them to do. So you can control demand? Yes, we can. You can have a little black box that says, you agreed, customer, that we're going to let us control your gizmo. So we're going to turn your gizmo off for a few minutes while we deal with other demands and respond accordingly, right? The customers have to say, I'm in or I'm opting in or opting out or does that just happen? Yeah, it's offered to them as a programmatic opportunity and they don't just do this for good will. We pay them correspondingly for their efforts. Give them a break on their bill? Yeah, and historically it'll show up as a rebate on their bill for some level of commitment that they're willing to do. Okay, so the application that PUC was, we have this program and it helps us balance the load and it requires opt in by customers and we give them some consideration for that and then we'll have a better time on the grid. Sort of. Sort of. Okay, go ahead. It's a little bit more complicated and in the old days we would have just said, here's a program we want to do and we want customers to sign up and we think it can generate this much benefit for a system in dollars and it costs this much. It's cost favorable so all customers benefit from this. Everybody's happy. This is new in the sense that we actually propose something that looks a lot more like the foundation for a marketplace. We went from simpler services to more complex, more dynamic services and we, instead of doing them as a program by program basis, we just said the system itself needs these technical services. We don't care what devices on your side can deliver them. You have to meet the requirements of the service. So we opened up the playing field and opened up the market and what the commission said was, we think this tariff structure is very scalable, very extensible to a broader market implication here. We like it. You need to refile some of the details but we're going to give you the go ahead to move forward with it. And here's the other ingredient that's different. In addition to this, which is normal company to customer programs, we also introduced this idea of creating an opportunity for third parties, intermediaries or what we would call aggregators to go out and get a bunch of these commitments from customers. And then we will sign contracts called grid service purchase agreements multi-year contracts with the aggregators. So they go and interact directly with the customers, they get contracts signed, they bring us the services in a firm and reliable way so that not only can our planners incorporate these into our resource plan for years to come, but our operators on a daily basis can see what's going to be available and use those like they would use any other operating resource. Very interesting. So it's leveraged there. The aggregator, well he gets a piece of the action certainly for his effort, but is he part of the transmission of energy too? Does it go through him? What is his role in actually delivering the message or delivering the energy? There's no energy per se services specifically that an aggregator will deliver, but they'll take responsibility for the intelligent management of portfolios of stuff and then presenting us what the forecast and availability is. They'll also be responsible for taking signals from us, from our operators and dispatching those out to the devices that they're managing. We try to make this seamless, unobtrusive, abstracted and simple for the customers. Intermediary takes on kind of the heavy lifting they make sure that they're delivering what they owe us and our operators don't have to muck around with any constraints and variability. Does the aggregator go by geographic area or does he just sort of go out and beat the bushes and get customers? How does that work? Yeah, for now it's the latter, right? It's, you know, go get as many customers as you can. Right now the services we're talking about are for the bulk system, so you don't have geographic specificity. But eventually as we get more visibility into our networks and we have certain hotspots here and there, there will be a second tier where you start to look at additional value add for locational targeting. At that point there's probably going to be market signals to the aggregators that says guess what, there's greater value here, here, here, here. You might want to be more targeted. But for now just go and get as many resources as you can. And does he or she, the aggregator, also listen to the customer and say hey, you know, they're asking for A, B or C that you don't currently have. How does that work coming back in to you? Normally, I mean, since we set the bar on what the services we need, it's really in this context, it's the aggregator's responsibility to figure out a way to put a value proposition to customers. It doesn't have to be exclusive to our services. I mean there may be a company that talks to commercial customers and sells them batteries and those batteries are used to reduce certain demand charges, which is a nature of some of the tariffs. And so that's a primary economic opportunity for that aggregator and that customer. They may also say in addition to this agreement we have and we have a good economic arrangement, you can also deliver certain services back to the company. So somebody already in the business, already in the industry, so to speak. Yeah, and folks that already have put prints and have these bilateral relations with customers, this is an opportunity for bring them more value. An existing mailing list, easy for them to do that. Yeah, and then they could deliver more value back down to the customer. And what about the pricing of the numbers? Did the PUC approve certain numbers or is that open for further discussion? Yeah, they did not. They said we want you to refile all these things. And like I said, we filed it with this tariff structure. The grid service purchase agreement contract is effectively a multilateral conversation we're having right now. So what we do is we file the whole portfolio with the bottoms up cost assessment. What if we just did this ourselves and we pay just a amount? How much would the whole thing cost? Now we kind of know what that cost line is and we'll be looking to come in underneath that as we get into contractual arrangements with the aggregators. So is this a long term thing? You suggest that maybe utility could do itself if it finds a way to do it cheaper or cheaper price to the customer. Could you ultimately decide that thanks very much for the aggregators but we'll do it ourselves? Or is this a permanent kind of thing? Well, it's to be determined. The guidance we got in our orders from the commission from 2014, you may remember there was these inclinations and four orders. This was one of those. They said go check the market. Test the market. We see third party aggregators working in other jurisdictions. See what you can find out. We think this would be a good deal for customers. And we're giving guidance to pursue that first. But we have the construct now that we can do it ourselves. We may find a couple of things. We might find that aggregators are still just very expensive, surprisingly, and we can do it for less. We may find that aggregator relationships can get us 80%, 90% of the services we need. We might have to do very targeted programs to augment that. Or who knows what the mix will look like. But this is a way to sort of good faith effort, build the market, see what you can get, and then open it up to confer the competition. That may be on the company side. Build the industry. I hate to sound trite about it. Build jobs, actually. Build those companies that may be struggling, especially in solar. Well, I think this is great. So are you happy? Is Hawaiian Electric happy about this approval? It's a very favorable approval. I tell my team be careful what you wish for. Because we have a lot of work in front of us. We initially filed our first version of this application at the end of 2015, December 30th. We filed a revised version of this February 10th, 2017. So we can see we've been waiting for a long time to get the clearance to go ahead. We're moving and the order was really positive. That's a good sign that we're building trust and we're moving in the direction that the commission is guiding us to move. And then we'll see how it goes. I hate to ask this question, but when will it actually be in operation? Okay, so the interesting part is we're going to proceed with the grid service purchase agreement first. The order indicated that they want a very formal and protracted and thorough process. We want that grid service purchase agreement to be a model contract that doesn't have to be negotiated and approved. That is now rebooted to be filed on March of 2019. But we do have a stable of shortlisted vendors we've been engaged in this process since 2015. They said we want you to move forward with a best and final offer with those nine shortlisted vendors. You don't need the final grid service purchase agreement, but we want an agreement with those guys. We want your selection and contracting done by June. And we want first customer improvements to be taking place in the fall. So you can pilot this. Effectively, you call it a first implementation phase or experimentation, but a way to start to build and test that market. We're going to get going. That's what they say. And we're going to be gunning for it. You have to come back here and tell us more about it. Richard Marrone, thank you very much for coming down. Director and manager of DR Demand Response. Thank you Richard. You're very welcome. Thanks for coming. Come back again. I will. As long as you'll have me.