A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Indian News Analysis brought to you by Shankarai's Academy for the date 2nd of November 2021. So these are the news articles that I have chosen today for discussion. Now in this first news article we are going to discuss about the commitments that India has given in the COP26. So we are going to discuss about the five important commitments agreed by India regarding climate change. Now in this next discussion we are going to discuss about the Gangetic River Dolphin, yesterday we discussed about the Indus River Dolphin and today we are going to discuss about Gangetic River Dolphin. And this editorial it talks about the water stress. So in this discussion we are going to discuss about the causative factors that leads to water stress and in this discussion we are going to discuss about Uttarakhand especially the destination of Kedarmat. And in this next discussion we are going to discuss about the issues that is ongoing between France and United Kingdom with respect to fishing rights. And I have three prelims questions for discussion today, along with that I also have one mains practice question. And as usual I do have one quiz question at the end of this discussion so pay attention to the discussion. With this introduction let us move on to first discussion for today. So first discussion is going to be based on the hot topic which is the ongoing COP26 summit. This news article reports that the Indian Prime Minister has agreed to certain climate related targets in the COP26 summit. So today let us understand what is COP and then we will see the targets agreed by India because in the coming days we are going to see many news articles based on this summit. So let us get to the discussion. Before that the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. Now first of all what is COP? See COP stands for Conference of the Parties. It is the supreme decision making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that is UNFCCC. So this is the supreme decision making body of this convention. And all the states that are parties to this convention are represented at the COP. So the COP is a formal meeting between the parties and at this meeting the parties review the implementation of the convention and they also take decisions that are necessary to promote the effective implementation of the convention. Particularly the Conference of Parties reviews the national communications and emission inventories that are submitted by the parties and based on this information the COP also assesses the effects of the measures taken by the parties and the progress made in achieving the ultimate objective of the convention. So basically COP is important to assess the measures taken by the various countries for achieving the climate related targets. So in this manner COP also accelerates the action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. As you know Paris Agreement was signed in the year 2015. Its main aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change. So Paris Agreement has set targets for this. So what is the target? The target is to limit the raising global temperature by 2 degree Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels by the end of this century that is by 2000 hundreds. In addition to this it also has a target to continue the efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degree Celsius by the end of this century. So limiting global temperature by 2 degree Celsius or 1.5 degree Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. This is the target set by Paris Agreement. And the COP accelerates the action that is needed to achieve this target. Now the COP meets every year in this regard. Just know that the first COP was held in Berlin in Germany. It was held in the year 1995. Now this year we have the 26th annual summit of COP. That is what is called as COP26. Now the host country for COP26 is United Kingdom. And therefore this COP is taking place in Glasgow. And yesterday we saw the targets and commitments agreed by the COP parties. But today we are only going to focus on the commitments agreed by India. Totally India has agreed to five commitments with targets. So let us see them one by one. Now the first target that India has agreed to is with respect to the net zero emissions. India has agreed to achieve net zero emissions by 2017. So this commitment of India is quite important and it is making noise because as you know India is the world's fourth biggest emitter of carbon dioxide if we take European Union into the account. The first two biggest emitters are China and USA. But even then India did not commit to a timeline to achieve net zero. But already all the remaining three entities that is China, USA and European Union they have announced plans for achieving net zero. For example China has announced plans for carbon neutrality by 2060. And USA and European Union has the aim to hit net zero by the year 2050. But now only India has committed to achieve net zero emissions by the year 2070.  They have agreed to achieve net zero emissions by these years. And now what is this net zero? See it refers not adding to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This means all man-made greenhouse gas emissions must be removed from the atmosphere through reduction measures. So net zero is a state in which a country's emissions are compensated by absorption and removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Now here absorption is done by creating more carbon sinks such as forests. And removal of greenhouse gases requires future technologies like carbon capture and carbon storage etc. Therefore for achieving net zero a sharp shift to clean energy sources is required and this will impose a steep cost on the country. And also note that if a country has net zero emissions that means it is becoming carbon neutral. So the first target was with respect to achieving net zero emissions. Now the second and the third target is regarding renewable energy. The second target says India will ensure 50% of its energy will be sourced from renewable sources by the year 2030. So 50% of India's energy needs will be met by renewable sources by the year 2030. Now the third target is regarding renewable energy installed capacity of India. Just for this target India would install systems to generate 500 gigawatt of renewable energy by 2030. See if you remember India already has committed to achieve 450 gigawatt of renewable energy installed capacity by the year 2030. And now in this new commitment a 50 gigawatt has been increased from the existing target. So this was the third target. Now the fourth target under this India will reduce its carbon emissions by a billion tons until 2030. And next the fifth target India will also reduce its emissions intensity per unit of GDP by less than 45%. See if you remember already India has committed to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35% by the year 2030. And this reduction will be from the 2005 level. So these are the five commitments that India has agreed to in the COP26. Now along with these commitments Indian side also stressed on two important things with respect to the policies regarding climate change. Firstly India stressed that the rich developed countries should provide at least 1 trillion dollars in climate finance. So that this amount will assist the developing countries and the most vulnerable regions. And this is to be done in the spirit of climate justice. So what is climate justice? See it is the fair treatment of all people and the freedom from discrimination in creation of policies and projects that address climate change. It also includes a fair treatment in the systems that create climate change and perpetuate discrimination. So why climate justice is important because we know that climate change affects all nations around the world but climate change is not felt equally among all. The effects of climate change differs according to geographic locations, socio-economic development and even governance. So that is why climate justice calls for a fair treatment of all people. In addition to this it also calls for solutions to the climate crisis that are specific to local contexts and that is inclusive of all communities. So this was the first matter stressed by India. Now the second matter was respecting the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. That is CBDRRC. See this CBDRRC is important with respect to their efforts regarding climate change because it is a principle within the UNF's CCC. This principle acknowledges the different capabilities and the differing responsibilities of individual countries in addressing climate change. So we know that all countries did not equally contribute to climate change. Some countries were more responsible for climate change and some countries do not even have the capability to address or to take efforts to address the climate change. So keeping these facts in mind the policies should be framed. So this is the principle of CBDRRC that is common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. So India has stressed on climate justice and CBDRRC. So that is all. In this discussion we saw about the five commitments that India has agreed in the COP26. The important one was regarding the net zero emissions. Then we saw the commitments regarding renewable energy and the reduction of carbon emissions. And then we saw about climate justice and CBDRRC. Both these principles should be kept in mind while framing policies and while agreeing to targets. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this news article which talks about Gangetic River Dolphin. If you remember yesterday we discussed about the Indus River Dolphin. So you can compare both these dolphins. So this news article mentions about a rescue guide that has been launched for the Gangetic River Dolphin. Now this rescue guide will help in the safe rescue and relief of stranded Ganges River Dolphins because these dolphins often get stranded in the irrigation canals. Now note that this guide has been prepared by the Turtle Survival Alliance along with the Environment Department of the Uttar Pradesh government. Now this guide is also endorsed by the IUCN. According to the news article the rescue dolphins were released in the Gagra River in the past few years. So now the Gagra River has become a prime habitat for this species. So taking this opportunity let us see few facts about the species that is relevant for our examination. First note that the Gangetic Dolphin or the Gangetic River Dolphin it is also called as the Ganges River Dolphin and they are a freshwater river dolphins found in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. See here you should remember that there are only four freshwater dolphin species found in the world. So one is this Gangetic River Dolphin and the other freshwater dolphin species are found in Amazon River in South America, Yangtze River in China and in the industry. But here remember that the dolphin in the Yangtze River has been declared functionally extinct. So currently existing freshwater dolphins are Amazon River Dolphins, Indus River Dolphins and the Gangetic River Dolphin. Now regarding this Gangetic River Dolphin you should note that they are said to be present in the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna River systems and also in the Karnapuli Sangu River systems. These river systems are spread across Nepal, India and Bangladesh. But however it is said that the species is extinct from a major part of its early distribution ranges. And now their total population is estimated at several thousand individuals only and according to the news article the global population of the species is estimated at 4,000 only as of now. And out of this 4,080% age is within the Indian territory and that is why this Gangetic River Dolphin is said to be endemic to Indian subcontinent and it has a fairly extensive distribution range in India. And because of its importance India 2009 this species was declared as India's national aquatic animal by the government of India. So let us see some of its characteristic features. See this Ganges River Dolphin can only live in freshwater and the species is essentially blind. So if it is blind then how it catches its prey? See it catches its prey in the same manner like the Indus Dolphin that we discussed yesterday. That is this dolphin also emits ultrasonic sound and this ultrasonic sound reaches the prey. Now the dolphin then registers this image in its mind and it subsequently catches hold of this prey. And it is also to be noted that this species is frequently found alone or in small groups and generally a mother and a calf travel together. So now what are the threats facing this species? See many dolphins die as a result of bycatch. So bycatch is one of the major threats. Apart from this, this river dolphin is also poached. That is it is hunted for meat and oil. Because both meat and oil are used medicinally, it is said that this oil is also used to attract catfish in net fishery. Apart from this other anthropogenic factors such as industrial development, agricultural and human pollution. All these are causing serious cause of habitat degradation to this species. And it is said that each year 9000 tons of pesticides and 6 million tons of fertilizers are used in the vicinity of the river.  And they also destroy the habitat of this species. Apart from this, this species is an indicator species for the river system, that is it is an indicator of healthy aquatic system. And also it is at the apex of the food chain. That is this species is a top predator. This is also one of the reasons why there is presence of high levels of toxic chemicals in the bodies of this species. These toxins adversely affect and eventually they die. So these are some of the threats faced by this species. Because of this, many conservation efforts have been taken. And as part of this, this species has been accorded the highest protection in our country under Wildlife Protection Act 1972. It has been listed under Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act. In addition to this, it is also listed as endangered in the ISN Red List. And it has also been listed in Appendix 1 of sites. That is convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. So it is listed as endangered in ISN Red List, Schedule 1 in Wildlife Protection Act. And listed in Appendix 1 of sites. So these are few facts that you need to know from the exam perspective regarding Gangetic Dolphin or the Ganges River Dolphin. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Now let us take up this editorial article for discussion. This news article focuses on the new water policy. And in that manner, it discusses about the water stress. See, if you could remember, in November 2019, the Ministry of Jal Shakti set up a committee to draft the new national water policy. Already, we had water policies. They were drafted in the years 1987, 2002, and even in 2012. But all these policies were drafted entirely within the government system. But for the new water policy, the government had asked the committee to draft the policy. So since then, the committee has been receiving submissions from various sources. So you can assume that the national water policy, that is a new one, is yet to be released. And the author of this editorial has written this article in this backdrop. Because in this article, author discusses the kind of approach that should be adopted while framing this policy. Especially, author discusses the approach in the context of emerging or the ongoing water crisis in many parts of our country. In this manner, author has also emphasized the need to follow an integrated approach that would encourage both the conservation of water resources and also its efficient usage. So in this discussion, let us understand water stress and what is the water crisis that is going on in our country. And then we'll see the approach that is proposed by the author. And while discussing all these, we'll also see the factors that are responsible for this water crisis. So let us get to the discussion now. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. Now, first of all, as we already said, India is currently under water stress. And it is facing one of its major and most serious water crisis. So what is water stress? Water stress is also known as water scarcity. It refers to a situation in which the demand for water exceeds the available amount of water. So in this scenario, let us quickly see the extent of water crisis in our country. So for this, let us take up the Composite Water Management Index of 2019. That is published by Neethi Ayog. See this Composite Water Management Index. It provides an annual snapshot of the water sector status. It provides the water management performance of the different states and urine territories in our country. Now, according to the 2019 index, 21 major cities, including Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad, they were found to reach zero groundwater levels by 2020. So that means around 100 million people's access to groundwater has been affected. And as you can see in this representation, the overall demand is expected to exceed the supply and this will exceed twofold by the year 2030. And the report also cites a concern. That is, if this current situation continues, then the status of water availability will deteriorate completely. But on the other hand, India's water demand will exceed its supply. So this will pave way for severe water supply scarcity for millions of people. That by triggering severe water crisis. So according to the author of this article, this complex crisis could be solved only with adopting differential response to this crisis. So we know that the water crisis in India is not something which is uniform everywhere. So that is why there is a need for a differential response. But to arrive at this differential response, author asks us to first study India's water crisis. Now for studying this, author asks us to focus on two important factors. Now the first factor is regarding the locations. That is, the location should be classified into urban locations and rural locations. Now this will provide a better idea on the factors that cause the water crisis situation. This in turn will help us to have a stronger grip on the strategies that can be deployed to reverse the water crisis. That is based on the urban situation, we can give the solution. Then based on the rural situation, we can give a different solution. This was the first factor. Now the second factor is regarding the source of water. Author says that the sources from which our country draws water should be known. That is whether the citizens depend on groundwater sources for their needs or they depend on surface water resources. When we say surface water resources, it includes rivers, lakes, tanks and reservoirs. And we know that when we take rural areas, they depend on groundwater sources. For example, they depend on groundwater sources for 80 to 90% for their drinking water needs. And for around 75% they depend on groundwater sources for their agricultural needs. But on the other hand, in the urban areas, only 50 to 60% of the water supply is drawn from the groundwater sources and the remaining water needs are totally dependent on the surface water resources. So since the sources depended to meet our needs differs from rural to urban, we need a differential response. Now for arriving at this response, we also need to know another important factor or another important part. This part is the root causes that pay away for the water crisis. Now as author already suggested, we have to classify the locations into urban and rural. We are going to see the root causes based on urban areas and rural areas. And we will be taking the examples as taken by the author. Now for the water crisis and for its causative factors, in the urban areas, author has taken the example of Chennai. As you know Chennai is a city, Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu. And particularly in the year 2019, this city went without piped water for months. So this created a water crisis in the city and many factors were responsible for this water crisis. Now one of the main reasons cited for this water crisis is the poor rainfall that was received by the city in that particular year. But this was not only the sole reason because in that same year, if you could remember, the city also suffered from severe floods. So apart from the changing pattern of rains, there are also some ground level missteps that have led to this crisis. And one of the major misstep is that the city has been built by encroaching the flood plains. That is the city has been built on the flood plains. And it has also been built over lakes. So this actually prevents the process of groundwater recharge. In addition to this, it is a metropolitan city, so the buildings are closely packed. So there is lack of adequate space for water to percolate underground. And this also prevents the rainwater from recharging the aquifers that are underground. In addition to this, the increased infrastructure projects, they also cause loss of green cover in the city. So all these situations have caused stagnation of water during normal rain, which in turn leads to floods in the city. So that means on one hand we have floods, but on the other hand, these conditions also lead to drought like situations because there is prevention of groundwater recharge. So these are the reasons stated by the author for the water crisis in the most cities and in the urban areas. So the reasons are encroaching the flood plains and lakes, then affecting the process of groundwater recharge, then closely packed buildings, then increased infrastructure projects leading to loss of green cover. So this was regarding urban areas. Now if we come to the rural areas, here author has taken the example of Punjab. And the main problem in Punjab that has led to water crisis is the extraction of groundwater resources. The situation is quite severe here. This has also been noted by the Central Groundwater Board, which concluded that if the extraction of groundwater resources continues in Punjab, then Punjab would be reduced to a desert in 25 years. And in talk about Punjab and the water crisis, we can also link the green revolution because green revolution led to the cultivation of water intensive crops such as paddy. So this has again aggravated the water depletion and it is even causing increasing salinity of the water. So in rural areas, excessive extraction of groundwater is a major reason. And if that particular rural area depends on agriculture, then using or cultivating water intensive crops will lead to depletion of groundwater. So these are the causative factors listed by the author for water crisis in our country. Now to overcome this water crisis, we need to follow an integrated approach according to the author. And for this, the government should alter its strategies as per the requirement of the area. For example, in case of urban areas, the Ministry of Water Resources can reconfigure its relationship with other ministries and departments and they should coordinate effectively for implementing proper regulations to protect urban water bodies, groundwater sources, wetlands and green cover. And then they can also work towards enhancing wastewater recycling and they can take up water recharge activities. For example, they can take up the activities that will lead to recharge of aquifers and wells and this could be done through rainwater harvesting. So these measures can be taken with respect to urban areas. Now in case of rural areas, this crisis can be addressed through participatory groundwater management approaches and such an approach should have a combination of water budgeting, aquifer recharging and community involvement. So in this, what is water budgeting? See a water budget is a measure of the amount of water entering and the amount of water leaving a system. It is a way to evaluate all the sources of supply and the corresponding discharges with respect to a basin or aquifer. This water budget is a basic tool that can be used to evaluate the occurrence and movement of water through the natural environment. So a water budget is used to manage development of water resources within a region and also to ensure a sustainable supply of water over time. Why? Because it commonly provides knowledge about how much water is available, where it is available and also provides detailed understanding of the flow dynamics of water. Now these flow dynamics also include the origin and movement of groundwater and surface water and it also provides the interaction between these two water sources. Now this water budget also studies the volumes of water within the various reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle and it also takes into account the water cycle, evapotranspiration, groundwater and surface water supplies, inter basin transfer of water, etc. So a water budget is important to understand as it also provides crucial information regarding the carrying capacity of the land with regard to water resources. So water budget gives you a knowledge regarding the water resources in a particular area and how to manage it. So this water budgeting along with aquifer recharging activities with the community involvement should be a part of the groundwater management approach that should be taken in the rural India according to the author. But while doing this we should not forget that surface water conservation is also important in the rural areas. So the conclusion is that there is a need to work towards protecting and conserving the water resources in one hand and on the other hand there is a need to work towards minimizing and enhancing the efficiency of water usage and most importantly we need to adopt a differential location specific approach to address this water crisis. So that is all in this discussion we saw about the water crisis in our country we took the example of Chennai and Punjab to understand the water crisis in urban and rural areas and we also saw some of the measures that need to be taken to address the water crisis in urban and rural areas. So with this discussion now let us move on to the next one. Now our next discussion is going to be based on this advertisement this ad is related to Uttarakhand. To be more specific this ad talks about the Kedarnath redevelopment project. So today we are going to see about Kedarnath its significance and we will also see about the famous Char Dham and also some of the important points mentioned in this advertisement. See Kedarnath is a place in India it is one of the most revered temple towns of our country. This town is built around the Kedarnath temple. This temple is one of the greatest Hindu pilgrimage centers of northern India. See this place is located in the Ruduprayag district of Uttarakhand and it is located near the Chorabadi glacier. Remember that this Chorabadi glacier is the source of Mantagini river. This Mantagini river is the tributary of Alaknanda. We know that Alaknanda is one of the head streams of river Ganga. Now behind this Kedarnath temple we can find the Kedarnath peak, we can find the Kedarnath dome and also other important Himalayan peaks. Remember that this temple is a shrine that is dedicated to Lord Shiva of Hindu mythology and it is one of the 12 Jyothirlingas. And most importantly this temple is a part of the Char Dham pilgrimage circuit. This circuit is important in the religion of Hindu. So let us see about this Char Dham pilgrimage circuit now. Now in this the word Char Dham refers to the four dhams which means four religious places. So this Char Dham refers to the place in Uttarakhand and it is a collective term which is used to refer to the religious circuit that is covering four holy Hindu pilgrimage centres. And these four important Hindu pilgrimage centres are Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. These are considered to be the most sacred religious places to be visited by Hindus and there is a belief behind these places that Char Dham helps the devotees or the pilgrims to get rid of their sins and it aids them in their path to the ultimate goal of human life which is Moksha. As you know Moksha is the redemption from the cycle of birth and death in this world. So these four places are important Hindu religious places and note that all these four temple shrines are located in Garhwal Himalaya's range of Uttarakhand. Now since we saw that these are the sacred religious places important for Hindus. The Hindu pilgrims they go on Char Dham travel also this is called as Char Dham Yatra and the traditional point to start this Char Dham Yatra is Haridwar in Uttarakhand. So we can assume the cultural significance of these places and because of that a government has allocated more than 700 crores for various construction works in Char Dham. And in this regard only now this Kedarnath development project is quite important and this project involves these important missions or sub-projects. As you can see under this project there will be construction of Adiguru Shri Shankaracharya Samiti and there will be redevelopment of Sangam Ghat. Then rain shelter retention walls and stairs will also be constructed. So all these sub-projects will be taken up under this Kedarnath redevelopment project. Now why there is a need for redevelopment because this place was destroyed in 2013. If you remember in the year 2013 Uttarakhand met with flash floods when the banks of Chorabadi lake overflowed. Now this flood carried huge amounts of silt and rocks and it destroyed the lives houses and everything that that came in its way. So after this incident the reconstruction of this area began in 2014 and it is said to be the first time in modern history that such a development and reconstruction project is being done in the Kedarnath Dham. And also remember that in the coming 5th of November our Prime Minister is going to inaugurate and lay foundation store for reconstruction works in new Kedarpuri which is a new city and the government has spent around 70 crores on these projects so far. So these are some of the points that you need to know regarding Kedarnath and the Kedarnath redevelopment project. Let's move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be based on this news article. It talks about a recent issue between France and United Kingdom. So this issue is quite important because we know that France and UK are historic adversaries because they have a long-standing rivalry. Now on these lines a new issue has been added to the list and this issue is about a fight over post-Brexit fishing rights. So you can see why this topic is important for us because it talks about one of the issues that has been caused by the Brexit deal. So in this discussion let's briefly go through this issue and first let us know why suddenly this issue is in use. The issue is in use due to the recent developments that happened yesterday that is on 1st November 2021. What happened was Britain has warned France that it would take action if France does not withdraw its unreasonable threats due to the fight over fishing rights. See earlier France threatened to impose trade measures or sanctions on Britain and it threatened this due to the fight over this fishing rights and this issue started with Brexit. As you know Brexit is a name given to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union. That is United Kingdom exited European Union. It is no longer a member of European Union. Now while doing so United Kingdom and European Union negotiated a new trade agreement and during these negotiations fishing was one of the key sticking points. It is said that fishing was even the last issue to be resolved in the trade negotiation and now there is a fight over these fishing rights between Britain and France. Why because France is an European Union member therefore the agreement applies between United Kingdom and France that means Britain and France. So actually what does the trade deal say about fishing rights? See it says over the next five and a half years the United Kingdom will gradually gain a greater share of the fish from its own waters. So what was the scenario before Brexit then? See before Brexit the UK waters. They were accessible for fishing by all the European Union members and this was possible under the policy of European Union called as Common Fisheries Policy. So based on this policy all the European Union members gained access to the UK waters and they were able to fish there based on different agreements under this policy. Now due to this United Kingdom only got low share of the fish catch because there was quota. So what is this quota? See quotas are used by many countries to manage shared fish stocks. Such quotas determine how many fish of each species are allowed to catch by each country's fleet. So that means if a country is allotted a quota then that country is allowed to only that many fish of that particular species. But due to the existing Common Fisheries Policy UK got a lower share of the fish even if that fish was caught from its own waters that is from its own seas. But now due to the trade deal that was negotiated and that is being implemented from 2021 after Brexit Britain will gradually gain a greater share of the fish and eventually it will have total control over the fish from its own waters. So does this mean even after Brexit European Union members can access United Kingdom's waters for fishing? Actually yes. It is because we said that UK will gain access only gradually. So until then the European Union members can access UK waters for fishing. So this is until 2026 because according to the trade deal UK could choose to ban European Union fishing boats from the year 2026 onwards. But UK will not be able to do this simply because if UK does this then European Union is also allowed to introduce taxes on British fish exports from the UK to the European Union. In addition to this European Union can also suspend access to its own waters for the boats from UK. So that means if UK imposes ban on European Union fishing boats from 2026 then European Union will also impose taxes as a retaliatory measure. But in the meantime what will happen in the meantime the European Union boats need licenses to catch fish in the UK waters. So for this purpose a criteria was set for such licenses in the trade deal. So what was the criteria? It was that the licenses would be granted to boats that could prove they had fished in a particular area between the period 2017 into 2020. So that means only those boats will be granted license who already fished in that particular area. So this was the criterion fixed. But now why did the issue with France actually started? See the issue actually started due to a decision that was taken last month by UK and the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands are an archipelago in the English Channel. As you know English Channel is the narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean. This English Channel separates the southern coast of England from the northern coast of France as you can see in this image. So the Channel Islands they are an archipelago in this English Channel and they comprise four main islands. They are the island of Jersey, Guernsey, Aldony and Sark. Now these islands are situated off the Normandy coast of France as you can see in this map. Actually as you can see these islands are situated at the entrance to the Gulf of St. Malo and they are 130 kilometers south of English coast. Here you should note that these islands are not part of the United Kingdom or even the European Union. But rather these islands are positions of the British Crown and they have independent administrations. But their habitants are British citizens only. So now what happened was the United Kingdom along with these Channel Islands they decided to deny fishing license to a dozen of French boats and as we already saw these licenses are required to access British waters. But this license was denied and according to United Kingdom the license was denied because the boats failed to fulfill the criterion which we just saw. So this decision enraged fans and it said that this decision of Britain and the Channel Islands breaches the Brexit deal and as a result of this only France earlier warned that if the dispute over fishing licenses was not resolved by today that is by 2nd November then it would impose trade sanctions like it would block British boats from landing their catches in some French ports and it will also tighten checks on the boats and trucks from United Kingdom. So this was the threat given by France and for this threat only now the United Kingdom has retaliated in today's news article. So in this discussion we saw about the issue of fishing rights between United Kingdom and the European Union. We saw what did the Brexit trade deal actually say about the fishing rights and then we also saw why the recent issue between Britain and France actually started. And along this discussion we also saw about English Channel and the Channel Islands. So with this news article discussion now let us move on to the next session of practice questions discussion. Now we're going to start this session by discussing two previous year problems practice question. Now this first question it appeared in 2014 this question is regarding Ganges River dolphins. The question asks other than poaching what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River dolphins. We discussed about the threats faced by the species during our discussion. So let us see the options given construction of dams and barrages on rivers increasing the population of crocodiles in rivers getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop fields in the vicinity of rivers. During discussion we saw about the fourth option so four should definitely be in answer. So you can eliminate option A and B. Now in the remaining options you can see that one and three are present in both the options that means construction of dams and barrages on rivers is the reason for decline in the population of the species and also getting trapped in fishing nets that is they are caught as bycatchers is also a reason for their decline. So we have to just decide whether two is correct or not increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers. Now during discussion we did not see any such reasons because here we are saying that one species is reason for the decline of other species. We did not see any such aspect so this is an incorrect statement actually so two should not be in the answer therefore the correct answer is option C 1, 3 and 4 only. Now this is also another previous question that appeared in 2015. The question asks which one of the following is the national aquatic animal of India and as we discussed already it is option C, Gangetic, Dolphin. Let us take this pair based question. On one side C's are given and on the other side bordering countries are given. First pair is Adriatic Sea, Albania. Second pair Black Sea, Croatia. Third pair English Channel, United Kingdom. Now during discussion we saw about the English Channel and we saw that it separates the southern coast of England from the northern coast of France and as we know England is a part of United Kingdom so third pair is a correct pair so we can eliminate options A and B because the question also asks for the correctly matched pair. Now in the remaining options you can see that one is also present so one is correct that is Adriatic Sea has been rightly matched with Albania. Now what we have to decide is whether Black Sea Croatia pair is right or not. Actually this is an incorrect pair. See this Black Sea is an inland sea between three regions one is the far southeastern Europe and then the far southwestern edges of continent of Asia and then the country of Turkey so obviously Turkey borders the sea and then Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia they also border Black Sea but Croatia doesn't border this sea so pair two is incorrect and that is why the correct answer to this question is option C one and three only. So aspirants with these three problems practice questions now let us take up this quiz question. This question has been framed on the Kedarnath discussion of today four options have been given and you have to choose the option which is not right with respect to Char Dham. So read each statement carefully and then you can write your correct answer in the comment section. You can also mention the reason for that answer to be the right answer. Now this is the main practice question for today. It is based on the editorial discussion as usual. You can write the answer for this question and post it in the comment section for peer review. So viewers with this we have come to the end of today's Hindi news analysis and practice questions discussion session. If you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and to subscribe to Shankar IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil services preparation. Thank you and happy Diwali to all.


Good afternoon everybody. It's four o'clock. I'll call the plan commission meeting to order Call the roll Alder Mitchell Kim Dave Jerry Maryland city engineer. All right Everybody's here. If you're able can you please stand for the Pledge of Allegiance? All right, good afternoon everybody First item of business is approval of the minutes from our last meeting at February 28th. Is there such motion? So motion second any discussion seeing none all those in favor of approving minutes date. I The objection chair votes. I the minutes are approved All right, it's next application for conditional use with exceptions by concoctious construction to construct a new converted Covered excuse me covered drive-through canopy at Camp Evergreen located at 27 26 2776 North 31st place Steve. All right. Thanks, ma'er So Camp Evergreen is here is today as well as posh construction What we're taking a look at is they are looking to construct a new drive-through canopy Several years ago. They came to the plan commission and they're located along a patch of drive in North 31st place And their original driveway was just on the south end So if you if we could get a pictures of the site plan on the screen that'd be fantastic and so so the Driveway was on the south end of the parcel There we go. Thank you. And so they recently came in and were able to Get approved a new driveway and the reason for that new driveway as their facility is up here and Some may or may not know but Camp Evergreen deals with a number of people that have disabilities So oftentimes we're bringing wheelchair accessible vans and different things like that to the site to get people to and from the site So it was a big deal to get them from this driveway over here to the new driveway that allowed closer access to The building now they are looking at constructing a new covered patio especially for times of inclement weather It can be kind of dangerous and and and difficult to transfer some of the people with the disabilities into the Facilities so now in this inclement weather They would have this canopy that will match much of the materials of the existing building You can see some of the stone and different things like that with the canopy so it's dressed up nice You can see these are the some of the examples of The workers and the clients who are attending and in inclement weather how that could be a challenge So this canopy will rectify many of those issues So staff was recommending approval of the conditional use subject to the conditions you have and the applicants are here I don't believe there's any neighbors here for this one. Okay, anyone from Camp Evergreen mark Steve you pretty much summed it all up I'm mark from Camp Evergreen and the circular driveway has been just amazing We've had that for a number of years now and for our campers to be dropped off that close. It's just absolutely amazing And the canopy or a portico Will keep them dry. We have people that get unloaded from wheelchair vans and personal vehicles and They get rained on they get snowed on There's also the question of you know snow removal, which of course we take care of but it's never perfect and Keep that whole area under there free of snow and and slipperiness will be ideal. So That's really all there is to it Questions at all on design questions from commission members Motion I'll make that motion to approve good work camp evergreen Motion second final thoughts seeing none.  That's approved. Thank you All right, number six application for conditional use exceptions by Abigail less Brince to convert the single-family residence into a two-family residence as 2002 North 20th Steve. All right. Thanks, Mayor Abigail less Brince is here and Samuel leapack and they are the Owners of the single-family home at 2002 North 20th Street. So you can have some pictures. I there's a neighbor here as well on this one there So what they are looking to do is they're looking to renovate the property and looking to reside in the lower half and have the ability to rent the upper portion some of the things that they will do as part of the Approval will be to pave some of the parking areas in the back right now. There's just a smaller garage and And and so you can kind of see the small garage and there's a little bit of gravel And so what they would be looking to do is to you know, potentially add some paving so that they can have You know that there's a little bit of trailer and boat and oftentimes we have that they can have that those Equipment in that backyard, but it typically has to be on a paved surface and that's some of the things that they would be looking at other than that they're looking to Separate the areas separate heating cooling Adding stoves to the the kitchen to the upper level looking to stain the house Replace some of the wooden railings and do some additional landscaping. So so other than that and and The plant Commission should be aware that I believe in the early 2000s that this had been previously used as a duplex a different owner had converted it to a single family. So these guys are looking at Converting it back into the duplex and staff was recommending approval the only item that we may want to discuss and have the applicants Comment on is we are talking about having the gravel areas paved by September 29th of 2023 and just thought I'd like to hear what they might have to say as their plans with that All right, does the apple can have any additional information that seemed like a pretty reasonable time frame for the pavement in the backyard there We have been reaching out to some concrete Contractors and hopefully we can get something done, you know within the within the spring or summer time frame so any tenants would be able to Stay off the gravel and hopefully stay up the street as well Jerry Thank you, Mayor Could you walk us through a little more about how you run to split up the parking in the back? You know which portion will you use which will be available for the tenant tenants after paving? Just so we have an idea of how that will be divided up. Sure. Yeah So we kind of initially thought a 24 by 24 inch or a foot slab for in the back There is a single car garage there that most likely we would use we've also thought of the idea of Planning the slab to Possibly be poured for an actual garage at one point in in the future So the the slab itself should accommodate three vehicles So we have two cars and the upstairs is a single It's a single bedroom. So most likely between be one or two cars as well So there should be enough there where everybody would be able to park Yeah, thank you Additional comments from commission members Are there anyone from the public here wishing to speak sure Would you be able to come to the microphone? I just had a question. I have an offense up there And I know that the parking has to be or that over the driveway has to be a certain distance from the fence Otherwise it has to drop down to four feet and be 50% open Yeah, are you in the home to the south or to the north to the south to the south? So basically the the the dropping down of the fence is usually at Intersections so or in front yards or corner lots So they could technically the fence technically whether it's you or that Your neighbors could be six feet high in the rear yard along the alley the Setback for the paving would need to be a minimum of three feet from your property line Okay, and then it can stay the way it is the fence Yeah, and is that your fence my fence? Yes. Yes There wouldn't be anything that they would be touching on your end And so if your fence is six feet high, it's allowed to be there and you would have to do anything to your stuff Okay, that's the only question Thank you. Thank you motions comments from commission members Well, I'm sorry I make a motion to approve subject to staff recommendations Motion and second final thoughts seeing none all those in favor of approval stay dived Any objection chair votes aye that is approved. Thank you. Thank you Number seven application for condition use and sign permits with exceptions by graphic house to install new signage at Associated Bank located at 1217 North Taylor Drive Steve All right So we're taking a look at the Associated Bank This is at the Northeast intersection of Wilgus and Taylor Drive So Marcus theater is kind of kitty corner the gas station over here And so what they're looking at is they have a number of existing signs. There's two existing monument signs There are three existing directional signs, and then there are a couple smaller signs on the ATM Um Associated Bank is in the process of rebranding and along with that rebranding. They're hopeful to Change the design of their existing sign So all these signs are existing that we're talking about replacing the reason why they're here today is that the maximum height for Monument sign is eight feet tall And when they came in about 10 12 years ago for the signs you see here today They also came in at that time for a Variance and that was to have it nine feet three inches So the sign itself is basically the same height as what's there now the other So these are the two Monument signs they're looking to replace So again, those are located at the driveway along Taylor and then at the intersection of Wilgus and Taylor Then they're taking a look at the directional signage So you can see the existing three signs that they're looking at The directional signage they are changing from nine square feet to 12 square feet and the maximum size on that is nine square feet So they are asking for three additional Feet on that so they are asking for a variance on that and then they're just replacing the ATM signage the thought process where They're at with regards to the variances is you can kind of see the Intersection at Wilgus and Taylor and there are a number of different Turning movements in that area in a lot of short distances signal here signal here And so the idea was to a rebrand But to also provide some larger directional signage so that it makes it easier for their clients or whomever to know exactly Where the ingress egress points are on there so staff was Recommending approval of the conditional use permits the signs and the exceptions that are requested So the applicants here and I believe did that and there's a neighbor here as well on this one Does the applicant have any additional Information add Okay, thank you. You went from the public wishing to speak on this one Dave and Jerry Yeah, I'm just curious are you is the whole sign gonna be redone because the ones you have right now because I drop off a Night deposit there after making spirits bright. They're a little dim. I'm just wondering are you relighting those as well? Okay, the two main monument signs. We're gonna reuse the existing base take off the top cabinet and put a brand new cabinet on top That's lit with LEDs. So it should be a little more visible. Great. I'm sure it'll look very nice Thank you. Yeah Just out of curiosity. What exactly is changing about the sign? It's a great question. It is kind of hard to tell so the new logo for associate bank If you look to the right of our drawing or rendering on the bottom It's actually rounded on each end where the old cabinet is just a square box Oh, so their new branding is making it more radius on the ends Got it. Okay. Thank you Everyone was thinking it Jerry asked Motions make a motion to approve all the staff recommendations second motion and second Seeing none all those in favor state. I have any objections chair votes. I that's approved. Thank you All right, I debate Application for conditional use permit with exceptions by HR construction company to construct and operate a new car wash quick lube and emissions Testing facility at the Sheboygan Auto Group property located at 270 one Washington Avenue Steve all right Thanks, mayor. So we're taking a look at Hey Jason good timing So so we have representatives from Sheboygan Chevy and Excel engineering who are here for this particular project in September of 2022 the applicants were here and the plan commission had previously approved this project subsequent to that they did some budgeting and the numbers came out maybe a little bit higher than they were Anticipating so they're coming back and the really the only change to the Structure itself is that previously they had two car wash bays on this East side of the facility and we'll see that in the drawing But now they're only going to have one car wash bay They'll have three oil changes and then if anyone's been there I guess one of the things is is that the emissions do quite a bit of They do a lot of emissions there and that's in the GM building correct and and so that this will take the emissions on over to this building so presently they have There's two facilities the car wash and the oil change and now they're basically looking at Constructing all of that into the one facility. So like I said, the plan commission had opportunity to prove this in 2022 the only thing that's changed is right here is there was that second car wash bay it's a single bay now so staff was recommending approval of the proposal and The conditions and the applicants are here if anyone has any questions All right, any thoughts from the applicant Questions from commission members Jerry. Yeah, thank you. Yeah, I was just at the facility on yesterday actually to get my Admissions the question I have about the new location will either You have the choice to go into the emissions lane Can the other lane handle any overflow in case you get back to black at the end of the month? Could they take on some emission testing as well? Would you be able would you be able to come to the microphone just so we can get you on Thank you So that's a really good question because we've been in contact with the state the state is the one that Provides us with the computers. We're doing right now. We're doing about a hundred and forty emission tests a day so We're one of the only ones doing it right now So this is going to alleviate so much of our traffic into our service Well, at least hat for our customers. They'll have two lanes now to drive in for service But the other thing that's going to do is when they come around I mean a wrap around all the way back to our stop lights sometimes During the day when it's so busy and I mean I have two people that when it gets that busy I call another person in so that I have two stations going at one time So I will have two stations set up at our other location We're trying to let them give us another computer Which I think they're going to do because they fund that computer And I do believe that they are going to do it so I can have one other lane If we don't have a lot of oil changes that I'm able to bring that person up I mean the ultimate thing would be to have one in each lane so that they can have their oil change done and their Emissions test done so because while they're doing the oil change We could just do the emission test if for the ones that have it But not everyone comes for an oil change at the same time they do their emissions. So but the state I do believe the state is going to give us another computer So I will have one lane for sure And if that goes well, then maybe they'll give us more because As far as I know from what they told us we do more emissions tests in the state than any other facility In Wisconsin, so what I think that's also the you brought up the bigger question I've been in that oil change line when it's three four cars deep in each line So then what do you are they still going to have to go around to get like a wheel line? No, all of the nicest and this is probably the nicest thing of our new quick loop Our employees right now they have a spot probably that deep that they have to get on a It's like a little bike and roll up underneath it The new facility has its actual there's a room underneath So there's no more of that for them So it's going to be so much nicer for our employees each of our oil change Lanes will have an actual lift so we're able to do tire rotations right there on the spot So they don't have to pull in then get their oil changed and then pull out and drive around to our last lane That we had to lift on and back then that was state-of-the-art and now it's I mean like I say that was 20 24 years ago when we built the other one. So Like I say, it's just it's time it and it's a nice Facility we're gonna be able to do a few more things for our customers in here that we couldn't do We will have a little waiting lounge So if people don't want to sit in their car they can actually get out and go over and sit a lounge and There's their computer Things like that. So it's it's gonna be a lot nicer and up-to-date Facility Which I think will benefit our employees and our customers. So thank you Sounds good up. Can you tell me when is the least busy time for emission? Is someone asking I And I will tell you it's it is hit or miss but generally if you get there right away in the morning We don't we'll have maybe three four cars if you come at lunchtime I mean, it's it's it's crazy how it is and the beginning of the month in the end of the month are just wild because The ones that just get them that want to get their stuff done right away They're there and at the end. It's the people that procrastinate and oh, I gotta get that done So I'm not late. So hey Jerry. It is the end of the month The middle of the month and how early do you open seven we the It runs from 7 30 until 4 30. Thank you So what we're gonna but what we're gonna try and do is with one or with our quick lane being open We're gonna try and keep our hours of our quick Lou Bandy missions the same So I'll have more people there that I I'm hoping to get more people trained on doing Emissions testing so that we can keep it open a little bit longer and it'll open a little bit earlier for our customers So cool. Can I make the motion to approve subject to staff recommendations? There you go. Is there a second? Second all right motion second final thoughts Can I ask one question? Hey Jason anything up dumpster? Is are we going with? the masonry and You can and then I didn't know if there was anything up with Vacuums, I know there's vacuums now. I think the last time we said there wasn't going to be any back Yeah, we had decided that we weren't gonna we're gonna take that vacuum out and not have a vacuum at all I was just looking at that sheet. I think it was AC 1.2. I think that was a enclosure. So Yeah, okay. All right, correct. Is that for the Dumpster enclosure. Yeah, so that's going on the corner of the building here. Yeah, okay Sounds good There's been a motion second all those in favor state I In the opposition chair votes. I that's approved All right item number nine general ordinance 29 22 23 by older person's prela granting Sheboygan self storage LLC It's successors and assigns the privilege of encroaching upon described portions of south 13th Street in Kentucky Avenue Right of way in the city Sheboygan for the purposes of addressing the existing building structure emergency egress and adding the sunshade feature Steve Thanks, mayor. I'm Joe Bernoski is here from JB site design and he's working on behalf of the owner at 1234 Kentucky so the plan Commission may recall that we had previously Approved certain uses at this building. This is Where they're doing the remodel of the old Wisconsin wood crafters a little bit of mixed use of some mini storage as well as some commercial tenant space One of the variant or the ex one of the encroachments being asked for this evening is for this sunshade that Is a little attractive accent piece to the entrance? And so that is going over the city walkway So they're asking for an encroachment for that accent then they are looking at in the building There are two internal stairways and one of the And their emergency see stairways and one of the stairways is coming off on 13th Street And when it comes off on 13th Street It's coming off in this area and the grades don't allow for it to come out to grade So they're gonna have to build a stoop in the sidewalk area and one of the things that the applicants been working with the engineering department is to work on the city sidewalk so that Would allow the encroachment for the stoop to go next to the building, but then the applicant would Go ahead and change the sidewalk the city walk to just curve around that portion Within the green space in that area So it would allow the applicants to get their emergency stoop in for their emergency access Yet we would still be able to have that sidewalk Basically, the stoop would be approximately in this area and the walk would go into the Into the green space a little bit and then come back over to where it is So there's just a little bit of that section along that doorway that would be changed and the applicants agreed to Relocate that sidewalk and reconstruct it And then I think there was oh the existing structure in just a couple of areas just Exceed it goes over the property line So we are just taking care of those encroachments at this time as well So I can answer any questions and Mr. Bernofsky's here and he could answer any questions as well And Ryan's been involved in this. I'll help us out as well Anything else? Questions comments Kim question about that encroachment at one point does that hangover sort of also work or be thought of as a marquee Coming out over the sidewalk how many feet I Can't I can't remember exactly how many oh the sun actually says it in the sunshades three feet Oh three feet. Okay, and then I think it's 13 feet tall. I believe like height wise Yeah off to sidewalk 13 feet So three feet a wide I think that is you got a you got an image of it We see the same thing Yeah, he has a rendering. It's on that rendering that he had there So that's 13 feet up is there a fee a yearly fee for that to be there the Right The encroachment is a one-time fee one time and it's the dollar per square foot and you and you just pay that once it's not It's not yearly So our encroachment is a legal description that right encompasses that sunshade and the stairs And allows us then to build them in the right away, and we're also picking up There's like 18 inches of the building that's in the right away right now, too If that's three feet wide then at what point does it become Something that's paid for each year as an assessment You're going with the marquee sign That this is an awning. This is an awning and a marquee or a projecting sign pays a fee So this does not have any signage on it. This is strictly An accent piece if there was say for example one two three four Kentucky on that Sunshade then they would pay a yearly fee for the encroachment of that sign projecting in the right away So all of the signs that project into the right away So what I mean by project is oftentimes those signs almost look like a flag coming off the building And if those are in the right away, they pay a yearly fee for those signs in this case It's strictly just an encroachment because it's not considered a sign Additional questions any motions Motion second final thoughts All those in favor state I the objection chair votes aye it's approved Number 10 number 118 22 23 by city clerk submitting an encroachment request for JB site design and engineering LLC Pursuant to the request of the owner of South 13th Street in Kentucky right away for the purpose of addressing the existing building structure emergency egress and adding a sunshade Well, there's a general ordinance and oh, I'm sorry. They're the same. Nope. Oh my bad. We have where government will be We have to do things Basically, we get a resolution and an ordinance. This is doing the same exact thing Staff recommends a for recommending approval. Jerry made a motion. Is there a second? Motion second. I need discussion Seeing none all those in favor state I Know it's all good cheer votes. I it's approved makes it quicker, right? all right ro One five four twenty two twenty three by older persons Felde and flaky Pineski Vacating the east-west alley between South Tennessee and former South Commerce Street located in block Two four three of the original plot Steve. All right, so this is an unimproved alley and At the next plan commission meeting you will probably be seeing the proposed development that you kind of see here with some townhouses along 18th Street and 83 units of 55 and older Apartments on what's referred to as the old capsule building the item that we're talking about this evening is This section of what's referred to as an unimproved alley. You can see that it's all grass There's it's not being utilized as an alley. However on paper It is right away or an alley So what is being requested and the redevelopment authority owns the property right now? and what the city is asking is to vacate that so that the Applicant can then purchase the property and bring this development to you at the next Meeting or two to come before you in order to develop what you see here that Vacation of right away is probably right and about kind of this area here and there will be Things We right now have the bike path that goes to Indiana Avenue And there was always a thought of trying to use the railroad right away to head east and that would include this section And that section would be included in the Development as far as sidewalk and things like that So if we ever do get that link between here and the existing bike path There's an ability to make that connection So staff is recommending that we do vacate the right away or it will and in mayor There the resolution presently has the wrong state statute number. So when we Recommend approval if someone could just amend the resolution to take change the state statute number to sixty six point one zero zero three subparagraph three Okay First we'll start with questions any questions. Okay. So first we need a motion to approve And then there's a second and now we need an emotion to amend to reflect Sixty six point one zero zero three subsection three Is there a second motion in second? All right First we'll vote on the amendment to amend the Resolution to reflect the proper state statute all those in favor of the amendment, please state I Any objection chair votes I the amendment is approved now back to the main motion as amended any questions on the main motion as amended Seeing none all those in favor of approving the motion as amended please state I Any objection chair votes I that item is approved as amended cool next meeting April 11th Sir motion to adjourn Motion second all those in favor of Germans state I Chair votes I were adjourned at 4 3 4


proudly we hail from New York City where the American stage begins here is another program with a cast of outstanding players public service time has been made available by this station for your army and your Air Force to bring you this story as proudly we hail the United States Air Force our stories entitled working on the railroad this is the story of a hero a jet fighter bomber pilot captain jet-enders of the United States Air Force and all the officers of the 49th fighter bomber wing US Air Force our first act curtain will rise in just a moment but first plan your tomorrow today there's a future in flying for you young men who can qualify as aircraft observers in today's global Air Force if you are between the ages of 19 and 26 and a half a high school graduate and are otherwise qualified you have a future in flying as an aircraft observer for full details visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station today and now your army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production working on the railroad you're a jet fighter bomber pilot in Korea your name is captain jet-enders the work you and your buddies do is faithfully reported every day in newspapers back in the States like this the Allied Air War against the Communist Rodon unabated yesterday saber jets shot down one MiG and you and fighter bombers blasted communication lines and supported infant reaction all across North Korea how many who read it really understand it the saber jets knocking down MiGs is clear enough but the fighter bomber part what does it mean you know what it means because smashing supply lines in close air support they are too Sunday punches and you deliver them every day of the week weather permitting and sometimes whether not permitting yes you know about it but to tell about it that's different well it's like this it's the night before an airstrike you stop over Lieutenant Rick Tainer's tent he's a new boy in the squadron fresh from state side tomorrow morning he'll be in the flight you're leading his first mission you poke your head through the tent flap all right busy while in Chad I just finished a letter oh you folks yeah telling them how I expect to see my brother any day now no bills back from leaving Tokyo now he's up 86 space is only a hundred miles away you two get together seems funny been in Korea two weeks now and I still haven't seen him can't believe those shiny new wings are real until the big brother season something like that make it official you know it's official in the records you're a jet fighter pilot for real like you want to fight your bomber that's different than interceptors sabers that's the way the ball bounces I could be in his squadron bucking with him hitting big alley with it the three of us will get together one of these days soon remember Bill's the best buddy I got in this Air Force you and Bill what a combination I remember when you hit the old hometown after Vee day two hot pilots with all that eight their force fruit salad on our chest oh we really tore the town apart and I was in short pants then but seeing you guys did it for you ought to take them away they're dealt like it or not what do you mean drawing fighter bombers you don't like it what gives you that idea why you're always talking interceptors saber jets truth is I expected to get sabers mm-hmm but you got fighter bombers some of the joes of my class got sabers and nothing will do for you except you're a hot interceptor pilot nice knocking down me and I'll be with them as soon as I can you got a tour to do first unless I get a transfer Rick don't do it not yet when you've been working on the railroads knocking out communist locomotives and boxcars for a while first they got changed my mind working on the railroads changes a man's mind about a lot of things I'll see you in the morning Rick right Jed in the ready room you sit in the smoke filled briefing shack dragging deeply on the last cigarette you'll have for several hours taking in the briefing by the air intelligence officer our okay troops yesterday moved forward three miles here on the map X regiment regained hill 306 here on the central front and the weather officer broken layer of three tenths strato cumulus 8000 visibility unlimited possible haze in the valleys noting it all carefully on your map jotting the dope down on the mission card you'll take with you and then the operations officer is getting down to brass tax this morning we all have pre-planned missions gentlemen definite targets picked for the group by joint operations center Captain Enders your flight call sign is rainbow Baker you'll be working on the railroad again this railroad here 100 miles behind the central front map coordinates x-ray jig 3174 got it right major any secondary target for us major you may be diverted to 40th division coordinates yoke dog 5 3 2 1 the 10th regimen is having trouble there okay now Captain Foster's flight Charlie is the other flights in the group get their assignments and take off times in and out courses to target and then briefing is over in the equipment room you put on your yellow may west and parachute strap on your pistol and escape kit grab your bright red crash helmet with your name stenciled neatly on it and head for the flight line Rick tiner steps briskly alongside you as you walk across the taxi strip heading for your planes neither of you talk there isn't much to say it'll all be said when you get upstairs you stand before your squat earthbound red tail jet making your ground check carrying under the wings under the tail into the landing gear wells examining the guns testing the filler caps and the tip tanks and then they roll out the battery cart that'll feed the extra juice your inert silver bird needs to come alive you clamor into the cockpit and with swift death motions you fasten your safety harness plug in your radio and oxygen mask and now you're part of the plane you its most vital instrument locked in its innards giving it life as you cut in the fuel tank and flick the starter switch you watch the tailpipe temperature gauge rise start the automatic flow and then the jet engine catches behind you and are you ready to taxi out to the runway you call the tower rainbow baker tower cleared to runway one seven wind one nine zero at one two knots altimeter two nine nine five over Roger Tower so you swing out to the taxi way lumbering heavily down it toward the runway Rick follows close behind you the other two boys in your flight single file behind him at the end of the runway you pause and make a final check while a leader in his wingman raw furiously away down the strip jolt into the air and saw away a neatly coupled wing in flight now the runway is yours you glance over at Rick and he nods tower this is rainbow baker are we clear to roll cleared to roll rainbow baker you kick out to the runway Rick off on your right wing tip nose wheel centered pointed straight down the strip flaps down you slowly push the throttle forward watching the tailpipe temperature gauge your feet ram hard against the brake pedals and you release the brakes from the sudden surge of unbridled power jerks you back in your seat now you're rolling picking up speed as the jet engine goes power keep the ship in line by lightly tapping your brake pedals your controls bite into the rushing wind you pull back on the stick in your airborne you pull up your landing gear and flaps and now you have that heady feeling of triumph as you rush away from the earth you're truly of the air now your altimeter points almost at 25,000 feet now way down below through the blue haze you can see the hills and ridges of South Korea tiny distant like a scale model somehow unreal up here the four of you skate swiftly over glistening cirrus clouds the sun burning hot through your canopy leveling off at 25,000 boys back to 92 you're almost at the main line of resistance separating UN forces from the Reds if you go down on this side of the line you're in luck if you go down on their side you'll need luck but your target is a hundred miles on their side and it's time to report to tactical air control center brawl beats rockets napalm fifties over rainbow baker this is brawl beat continuous brief over now you've reported it you're in the game now and when you've done your job you'll check out on the way home you fly a hundred miles into enemy air and soon you're over the target area railroad tracks down below but no locomotives in sight no boxcars in sight so you spiral down to 5,000 feet looking for your target keep your eyes peeled boys around here somewhere Roger boy see any rolling stock on the tracks down there negative nothing but trees see those trees at three o'clock they've got no shadow that's camouflage Roger looks like maybe something's playing possum in there probably our boxcars loaded to the gills with ammo in trail rainbow baker follow me after your rebel baker later we'll use bombs here we go top of trees have real half camouflage as you barrow down your roller coaster course the camouflage rips away revealing the dark shapes of locomotives and bulging boxcars and ominous shapes watered under them and a glint of guns and bright lights went for the trees lobbing lazy golf balls up suddenly jarring red hot business all about you and I've got the first locomotive clearing your sights you release your bombs and flare out of your dive bank sharply and climb in a seat heavy stomach sinking face tearing maneuver looking down at the target just in time for an explosion from below to bounce you on your ear fight to keep the ship under control moments later there's another explosion and another spray of metal chunks curving to the air through the white black lace smoke as the black guns become silent your number three man's excited voice burst in your earphones beautiful shooting you guys you got both of them that's going to finish up for capes negative two a few minutes later and you're back over the main line of resistance the front lines for the infantry boys you're over your secondary target area circling at 25,000 feet so you call for the nearest mosquito a trainer type aircraft used to direct air ground strikes and as you call you spot one way below ladybird rainbow Baker leader with four ladybird x-ray here rainbow Baker over Ladybird we've got rockets some they pop what have you got for plenty a red build-up area supply dump coordinates yoke dog five three two one the tenth regiment needs help down there have you on site ladybird but where's the target that hill off my right wing see that's dead center got your lady bird follow me rainbow Baker now you and your flight of strung out deadly screaming dives dropping napalm bombs jellied gasoline the flames on the blurred grab checkered side of a hill that is the enemy buildup point ripping traces and rockets into tents and shacks and masses of stores but here the plaque is heavy as it studs the sky with tight patches of white bracketing you as you're going to each dive the proper trees up to the right allows you with a a to the proudly we hail production working on the railroad our story will continue in just a moment after this important message today thousands of alert and intelligent young men are needed to enter aircraft observer training and become flying officers in the United States Air Force if you act now you can get a four-month selective service deferment and stand a good chance of being enrolled in a training class before your deferment expires upon graduation you'll receive a commission as a second lieutenant your silver wings a liberal uniform allowance and a starting salary of approximately five thousand dollars a year in addition you'll have an interesting and colorful career that offers unlimited opportunities for education and advancement why not find out about it right away for complete information right to aviation cadets headquarters the Parkland of the Air Force Washington 25 DC classes begin every two weeks you are listening to proudly we hail and now we present the second act of working on the railroad over your secondary target the enemy flak takes its toll your wingman gets hit rainbow baker leader your wingman hit I heard eight o'clock below Roger have you in sight I'm climbing rainbow baker three you stick at your job you and four classroom we'll go rainbow baker we'll continue run how bad is it Rick not good joining up on you now Rick right kids you gotta get out of that fast you're smoking fast I'm missing parts of my left wing and rudder keep climbing if you can no can do no power I don't go buddy it's good to smoke in here not for cover when you hit the deck we'll cover you and send for a helicopter get me a chopper fast it's largely with commies down there and cover me get down as low as you can and shoot up everything that moves I see you the canopy of your wingman's plane flies off followed by a dark hurtling form then you watch your best friend's kid brother floating away falling down beneath a white mushroom of a parachute drifting toward a gray green hillside not a mile away from the communists you call your flight rainbow Baker three and four over three here over Rick's down his parachute affirmative have him in sight helicopter gets here we'll call rainbow leader you sent for the chopper yet about to raise Ramrod now joining you at 2000 to cover him you okay rainbow Baker go ahead rainbow Baker did he parachute rainbow Baker Roger I'll put it through joint operation center what are your coordinates yoke dog five three two one over yoke dog five three two one Roger now and minutes later if you and your number two and three men's circle of 2000 feet the tightest circle your swift jets can manage firing at every movement you see near your down pilot rainbow Baker leader this is Ramrod got a chopper in the vicinity they got a position affirmative rainbow Baker they're on their way now Roger and thanks we're standing by rainbow Baker out out to you rainbow Baker hope they pick up your boy in time rainbow Baker this is rainbow Baker three troops in the valley they're heading for Rick couple tanks Roger following you in so you're all down on the tiny brown figures and pull up and away in a tight circle looking behind and down to see your napalm bombs hit and shut the valley with a wall of fire a protective wall between the commies and your wingman on the hill that didn't rainbow Baker they're gone now looks like he may pay off have his shooting sight Rick's got more trouble down there rainbow Baker where they're bringing up a tank bottom of the hill I see him rainbow Baker better take care of him well you better lay him on that tank then the race between chopper and tank chopper loses thanks just as close to your pilot as I am no farther than 500 yards the other side and now you're in your steep dive carrying those two lethal rockets the only thing you have that can stop that caterpillar dreaded monster as you hear chopper's head tank nail it how bad you hit helicopter but now you think of only one thing delivering into the tanks very cannon mouth it's destruction your two deadly rockets if the chopper can't get to Rick neither will the tank suddenly the tank filled your gun sights squat and ugly and your rocket squirts smokely ahead dead into target as you flare out of your dive below you an exploding mass of metal as the tank dies that's laying it on him rainbow Baker stop shooting boy chopper was another one like that and that's all brother that's all she wrote letting down for your boy now rainbow Baker make it fast chopper more troops coming these rainbow Baker and long minutes later after you've stared doubly at the huge jagged holes in your wings and fuselage and at the fuel counter clicking off your few remaining minutes of airborne time rainbow Baker now probably you got an emergency field handy trouble rainbow Baker try hitting this one map coordinates x-ray sugar 5149 towers man over to you you're over South Korea now and you know everything is going to work out all right and then you spot it the most beautiful site you've seen all day a brand new metal carpeted landing strip long enough for jets with shiny familiar looking jet fighters parked nearby and those beautiful things are f-86s sabers and you barely listen as the tower hardly clears you for your emergency landing because already you can taste the big hot meal you've been promising yourself for the last hour and the chance to talk with the saver boys Rick hasn't caught up to you now a cigarette and boy what kept you hey Rick I thought you'd be back in the base by now don't like Peter just couldn't make it got a hole in it you could poke your fist through oh you ought to see my buggy that's why I drove in here yet you know what basis is saber jets should have known you'd hit here with have a chance it's my brother's basis group just moved in here Bill oh that's great he's on his way over here now that old there they'll be good to see him finally we get to see him though we had to get shot at the door the guy gets hold of you and you'll be in sabers before breakfast tomorrow baby what you think of those sabers lined up outside handsome handsome mighty handsome hey they finally pinned the wings on you a little brother sure did rare you should have seen him today you'll do all right I got to get him in sabers somehow you know he's always wanted to fly interceptors you too buddy no not me Bill not this trip how about you kid like Jed says not this trip not for me Rick how come the switch I don't know maybe maybe what I saw us doing today and maybe it's flying on this poor man's way well I know how you feel kid he was my flight leader my first 50 missions in the 8th Air Force the three of us will fly him together one of these days this time Jed looks like the old two musketeers got a third jet jockey third jet and Roaring to go a sergeant fuel down three tanks to fill we got to get this three jet team organized there's your goonie bird all warmed up and ready to go welcome site that C-17 we'll be back at the base inside a couple hours it was great seeing you guys number one we'll do it again soon next time approaching the south huh in air worthy pilot's impatient I gotta go Bill so long Rick oh great guy that brother yours yeah the greatest hey you know you handed me a shot so not jumping at the idea of joining him and sabers oh that we're about to take off huh edge of the runway now yeah you know you were right all along jet I hope you see it my way yeah I had to learn what it was like first by working on a railroad young men of America today there is an urgent need for aircraft observers in your United States Air Force if you can measure up here's your chance to get the finest aviation training training that equips you to fly in the most modern aircraft in the world and prepares you for executive positions in military aviation you'll work hard train hard and play hard but when it's over you'll be a flying officer with a career that will take you as far as you want to go you graduate from aircraft observer training as a second lieutenant specializing in radar navigation or bombardment you'll receive a starting salary of approximately five thousand dollars a year and a liberal uniform allowance to qualify as an aviation cadet in the aircraft observer training program you must be a high school graduate be between nineteen and twenty six and a half unmarried and in good physical condition if you act now you can get a four month selective service deferment and you stand a good chance of being enrolled in a cadet class before your deferment expires for complete information visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station or right to aviation cadets headquarters department of the Air Force Washington 25 DC this has been another program on proudly we hail presented transcribed in cooperation with this station proudly we hail is produced by the recruiting publicity center for the United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting service this is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on proudly we hail


Now, the founder of the one love family, Sadgurum Haraji, has frowned at their left vote-buying for delegates of the leading political parties in the cause of a chosen presidential candidate in the upcoming general elections. Now, the cleric said it shows lack of patriotism and exhibits high level of corruption, selfish nature of African political class. Now, speaking during the press conference, Maharaji warned that persistent vote-buying will produce more corrupt leaders, as they will always find a way to recover money spent during campaigns. Now, the founder, while speaking on the emergence of the former vice-president, Attiku Obubaka, warns that power must return to the South. He adds both leading political parties to field candidates from the South and the forthcoming elections. We don't need prophecy to get a leader. From the leader, we know those who can do so. The best we can do now is to screen them first. Let all of them go to the UCC. Give them account. Give them their banking account. The businesses they have done. How much is there? From what has been already played in the last 40-50 years. No somebody who is a central bank government say what you want to do to politics.


The Pentagon aren't alone in investigating strange objects spotted in the skies. According to reports, the Chinese military has also been tracking UFOs, and in recent years they have registered a severe uptick in sightings, wait to hear this. According to the South China Morning Post, the People's Liberation Army uses a free-tiered system to investigate instances of unidentified air conditions, a euphemism reminiscent of the US military's term for UFOs, unidentified aerial phenomena. The People's Liberation Army relies on reports from military radar stations, air force pilots, police stations, weather stations and the Chinese Academy of Sciences observatories to gather as much data as possible about mysterious flying objects in China. The information is then processed by the military and undergoes preliminary analysis, before being submitted to a national database. The People's Liberation Army headquarters then assigns a threat index to each sighting, and this is based on the object's behaviour, physical features and other relevant variables. But Chinese analysis has been overwhelmed in recent years by a growing number of sightings, reports from a wide range of military and civilian sources according to the Post. By the South China Morning Post, prompting the People's Liberation Army UFO task force to rely on artificial intelligence to help sort through the data, many of the reports are ultimately attributed to natural phenomena which are picked up by the radar or trigger electrical sensors, and this is according to Chinese military research papers citing UFOs. While such reports conjure up images of alien craft, sightings of unidentified objects in China's airspace are more likely caused by humans than aliens, and this is according to a Chinese radar scientist who believes that the objects are American in origin, with China's increased activity in the South China Sea building islands, as well as an uptick in military activity by China, and China believes that these activities could be other nations prying into their airspace. China's only official confirmed UFO sightings occurred in 1998 when two military jets intercepted a low-flying object that had appeared above a Chinese airbase, and the object was incredibly described as a short-legged mushroom, with beams of light shooting down from its underside. The object was able to quickly accelerate before disappearing from radar, and this is according to a report about the incident published in an official paper. In the United States, the Pentagon's confirmation of several videos showing US military run-ins with unexplained flying objects has caused a frenzy of speculation, and prompted the Senate to ask for a report into the matter, and the document is expected to be presented to US lawmakers in the coming weeks. Reports have already surfaced, citing officials involved with the probe claim that investigations have found no evidence that the sightings are linked to aliens, but also can't deny that such a link exists, and the American report also allegedly suggests that the objects could be new technologies developed by foreign nations, including the Chinese. But what do you guys think about this anyway? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.


Let's be honest. Jaylen Brown wasn't supposed to be in that fight with you. What's your opinion on that? Did you think any of the other guys were more deserving, or what was your experience?  And I heard he had a crazy dunk for the last dunk. But it's hard for me to make opinion about someone else's opinion. I can't judge for the other guys. And yeah, no, it was tough. I definitely thought he was great. And I thought, you know, Jaylen Brown wasn't as, you know, I know people are giving him our time. But I thought he had some good dunks too. Which one? Wow. I mean, the 360 women, like, it's not as easy as he made it. Look, I mean, there's a lot of things. I think he definitely got some flak for the Kaisenet one. But I don't know, man. Duncan, and being on that stage is not easy. So I wouldn't get flacked to anybody.