Oh, welcome back on my YouTube channel. Today I have a cool tutorial for you on how to make a graphical model in QGIS that lets you pick any location on the map with a mouse click. This model will store the coordinates of your click in a point vector layer. Then I'll show you how to apply this in a model to draw streams and catchments for any location you choose. You can get this model from the resource sharing plugin which I've covered in some of my previous videos. So let's get started. I've added a backdrop from OpenStreetMap and I'm going to create a new model from the processing toolbox. I maximize the model designer window. Here you see the inputs. This video is about this point input where the user can click on the map canvas and the coordinates will be used in the model. In this little example we're going to create a layer from the point. I use this create layer from point tool then I change this to the model input which is point and then we save the point layer. Give the name point to layer and I make a group test. I save the model in my profile. Let's test the model. I find the model under models test point to layer. If we double click I can run the model. I click the browse button, I'm asked to click on the map canvas and that gives the coordinates in the projection of the project. Then I can save that to any vector layer. Let's save it as a dual package. Let's test and run it. And that created the point at the location where I clicked. Let's apply this now to stream and catchment delineation. For this model I assume that you have installed the PC Raster Tools plugin and the Open Topography DM Downloader plugin. The installation of these plugins has been covered in other videos. I'm going to create a new model and this is going to be a big one. I'll start with giving the model a name, stream and catchment delineation and I saved in a group hydrology. The first input that I'm going to add is extend because the user needs to specify the extent for which the Open Topography DM Downloader plugin will download the DM tile. Next I need to add a string for the Open Topography API key. Then I can use the Open Topography DM Downloader tool and we're going to set it to the 30 meter DEM for this tool and for the extent we use the model input study area extent and for the API key we use the Open Topography API key input. Let's save the model. Next I want the user to define the output projection. I use the CRS input and it should not be EPSG4326 so I set the default on project CRS. Then I want to reproject the downloaded DM and I use the warp reproject tool. As an input I want the algorithm output which is the result of the Open Topography DM Downloader and I specify that the target CRS is our output CRS input. I keep nearest neighbor resampling. I change no data to minus 9999 and the output file resolution to 30 meters. Next step is to convert this file to the PC Raster format and I'm going to specify that in the description I want to convert DEM to PC Raster format and I use there the output from the warp algorithm as an input of this algorithm and scale our output data type because the DEM is continuous and I also want the user to be able to store this output. The yellow boxes are input, the white boxes are processes and the green boxes are outputs. The next step is to create the local drain direction map or flow direction map. Change the description, calculate flow direction. Change the DEM layer to algorithm output and choose there the converted PC Raster DEM. The next step is to calculate the Strahler orders and we do that with the stream order tool from PC Raster. Change the description to calculate Strahler orders. There's an input we use the algorithm output which is the local drain direction layer. Now we're only interested in Strahler orders above a certain threshold that the user needs to define to consider those pixels as part of the river. So we need another input, I choose a number input and that's the Strahler order threshold that the user needs to give. It's an integer number type. The minimum is always one and I put a default value of five. Then I need to create a Raster from that number and I do that with the spatial tool. Now change the description, create Strahler order threshold Raster. That basically converts this Strahler order threshold which I create here as a model input to an ordinal Raster with just that value and the mask layer is the local drain direction layer. I'm going to move it a bit. Next step is to use a comparison operator to select from the Strahler orders the pixels that are larger or equal to the threshold Raster. I change the description to select Strahler orders larger than or equal to the threshold. The first input Raster is the algorithm output and there I select the Strahler order layer. Comparison operator is changed to larger than or equal to and the second Raster layer there is an algorithm output and that is the threshold value. That results in a Boolean layer, River, not River pixels. And then with the if then tool, we can add again the Strahler orders to the true pixels. So we'll end up with the River with pixels of the Strahler orders. We change the description, assign Strahler orders to River. The Boolean condition is an algorithm output and the second Raster which is if it is true, then assign the stream order result which is the Strahler orders. Now we want to convert this to a vector layer and if you want to convert Raster lines to vector lines, you need to use a thin tool to make sure that the pixels of the River are only one pixel wide. So I use R thin from grass and as an input, we use the output of the last tool. Change the description, thin River Raster. And I use the grass R2Vect tool to convert this now to vector line. Now change the description, convert River Raster to line. As an input, we use the algorithm output of the thin result. Each type is line. We keep everything as default except use Raster values as categories instead of a unique sequence. So it will use the Strahler order values which will result then in a line with the Strahler order values in the attribute table. Now on the way, we lost the projection. So I'm going to assign the projection here. This has to do with the intermediate PC Raster results which are in temporary files and do not store any projection information. So here I use assigned projection and I assign it to this last result where we factorized the Raster line. And we use here the CRS from the user input. Another issue is that if you go from Raster to Vector, you have a lot of geometrical issues and we can use simply fixed geometries to fix some of the issues. We keep the default repair method and here we can output then the streams. As we organize this a bit, it takes too much space. I can select all and I can add a group box. With the group box, you can make compartments of your model and this model will have two compartments. The first part is about delineating the stream network. That's what we just finished. Now we call this box stream delineation and we can give it a color. Let's make it a light blue. And then we can proceed with the second part which is the catchment delineation. For the second part of the model, we need as a user input the point with the outlet selected from the map canvas and we need to create a layer from that point which uses as a model input in the select outlet point on map input. Then we need to re-project this point to the defined projection for all the output layers. I'm going to use as an input the algorithm output which is the point then I use the output CRS input and the user can see this then in the output as the original outlet. Next we need to snap this outlet to the river that we have just delineated in the first part of the model. There's an input, I use the algorithm output which is the re-projected point. And as a reference layer, we use the line factor from the fixed geometries. Here we can set the tolerance of the snapping. You can play with that figure but by making it a kilometer, it will snap to the closest line, hopefully. Otherwise you can just change it to 500 or something else or make it an input. At the behavior, I'll change it to prefer closest point but insert extra vertices where required. So it will go to the line and add a point on the line if it's needed. And the user can save this as the snapped outlet. Let's reorganize it a bit. Next, we need to rasterize this point. I use rasterize factor to raster. Change the description to rasterize snapped outlet to make it clear. As an input layer, we use the algorithm output which is the snapped geometry. We want it to have a pixel value of one. The output raster size units should be in geo-referenced units and then we can define that that's 30 meters. For the output extent, we should use the model input of the study area extent and the no data value is minus 9999. The next step is that we need to convert this to the PC raster format. Change the description to convert outlet to PC raster format. For the raster layer, I use algorithm output rasterized snap outlet and make it data type Boolean. I need to resample this result in order to make it exactly fit with the raster layers from PC raster in the stream delineation part of the model. There's an input I use here in the convert to PC raster. As a mask, I use the local drain direction layer. Then I can use the catchment tool in this pixel. I change the description to calculate the catchment For LDD layer, we use the local drain direction layer and for the outlet layer, we use that outlet converted to the PC raster format that was resampled. Then this is the catchment in raster format in the description. So I'm going to use the polygonized tool from GDAL to create a polygon out of this raster catchment. In the input layer, I will use the algorithm output which is the catchment raster. Keep all the defaults because our catchment has a polygon with attribute dn equals one. I need to extract that by an expression. With an input, I use the algorithm output of the polygonized catchment raster. The expression is in double quotes dn because that's the field equals one. It relates back to the Boolean one that we created of the outlet and then the catchment got also value one. And I save this then as the output catchment boundary which should be then one polygon. Let's reorganize it a bit. Add a group box and we'll call this one catchment delineation. Give the color, make it green. I'm finishing touches, but it looks better. Add it to help string. This is like a wizard where you can fill in the different parts of the help string. Reorder the inputs in such a way that it's more logical for the end user. Save the model. We can close the window and then we can run it. I'm going to use our new model to delineate the faster catchment. I run the model from the process of toolbox and I define first the study area extent by clicking this button. Then I select the outlet point on the map. Using name. There's the faster. And let me take the point at that bridge. Takes the coordinates. I use Australia order seven. Paste the open topography API key. Save the results to the files. And then we run the model. In this case, I didn't change the output projection. And here's the result. Let's move the catchment boundary a bit upward and zoom to the layer. Here we clearly see the shape of the vest catchment and the river lines. And in other videos, I have demonstrated how to style this properly. So here I'm going to do a fast forward with inverted polygon shapers fill and the hill shape landing. Interpolated line renderer for the river. And that's the result. So in this video, you've learned how to create a graphical model which uses coordinates selected on the mud canvas by the user. You can also download this model through the resource sharing plugin for PC Raster. How this works is explained in another video and you can find the link in the description of this video.


Our next caller is Chris from Minnesota. Hey, what's up, Chris? How can we help you? Hey guys, it's really cool to be able to talk to you. Thanks for having me. Hey listen, my question is a mobility slash just kind of core strength question, which is during a quarantine I really was trying to work on just being less stiff as a board and that involves some single leg stuff and I didn't have a lot of equipment so it was bands and one of the things I got into a little bit was trying the overhead squat with a band and it just the connection I felt to my core and just the way it made me feel was really awesome actually I just I felt two or three inches taller but I really can't load that because I have a some shoulder mobility issues so I'm looking for other exercises other things to do that kind of recreate that same feeling that I'm always trying to battle with to become more mobile because I sit in a desk chair all day so I'm looking for ideas. So my question would be first let's figure out what the limiting factor is right like what is it you think it's your shoulders that aren't allowing you to kind of retract to get down in that position? Yeah I have a really bad arthritis in my left shoulder so you know I have to modify a lot of the things as far as overhead pressing I use a landline landline bar so I can't really overpress so it's not really an option for me to you know to work on it as best I can but it's really just my one shoulder that prevents it. How much have you played with the Turkish get-up? Not very much. That's another great so where you're describing kind of where you're at right now is really similar to where I feel I was just about two and a half years ago where I got on this really hardcore mobility kick I thought ah you know what I did the bodybuilding thing now and I'm getting older and achy and stiff and I was on this pursuit to get as mobile as I could in the shortest period of time and spent a lot of time doing a lot of like combat stretch hip mobility stuff 90-90 work for myself our zone one and in maps prime used a lot of that for like our wall test and stuff for thoracic mobility and I actually got to a point where I too could get like an overhead squat but I had a really hard time loading it too just because I didn't have the core strength and stability yet and it I was still I wasn't super mobile there and I still had some limiting factors with my thoracic mobility and so the Turkish get-up I feel like because it's unilateral but yet I get I'm working on very similar areas even though they the exercise looks different I felt a lot of carry over into that and that same similar feeling that you just described like that was one of the things I loved about the overhead squat is like man I do even with hardly any weight or just the bar afterwards I would just feel so much better from that I get that similar feeling from Turkish get-ups yeah I'll add something to that I think that's great advice and I'll add a couple things you can practice overhead carries with nothing too heavy another great point you know kettlebell would be good but make sure it's lighter than you think just practice that full extension overhead packing the shoulder walking with the braced core walking nice and straight and tall carrying something overhead that'll strengthen that that top position and then windmills you know windmills are great for the you know the side of the core but a lot of people don't realize it's also great for shoulder mobility and I would take your time do not try loading the overhead squat if you can't do an overhead press I would try to get good at an overhead press first and I would forget the the squat overhead squat for a little while because it's far more complex there's a lot more moving parts and what you don't want to do is push it so far or too hard to where you actually have to take a few steps back yeah I love those two and especially if you're doing the overhead carry with a kettlebell I mean it could be a light kettlebell but just because it's loaded on the back of your arm and that being a lot of times limiting factor being able to to pull your arm up in its full range of motion it kind of helps to have that loaded somewhat to give you you know some resistance going in that direction I also love the the windmill is going to bring that up as well just because you do have to stabilize your shoulder while you're going through this thoracic rotation while you're going through all the rest of this motion throughout your body it's a good one to really focus on that and then lastly too with the stick if you just get like a regular stick you could do a lot with that in terms of also just doing like a shoulder dislocate but you don't have to necessarily go all the way to your lower back so starting at your stomach and then trying to bring the bar up over your head just starting with that and then pulling outward so really creating a lot of tension extending your elbows and pulling outwardly as you're you're lifting and raising your arms up over your head we'll start really to train you know those shoulders to respond properly chris have you have you done a hand cup with rotation too yeah so i've really been into your guys's youtube videos um because they're in quarantine i got plenty of time and i'm working from home now so i've done trying to do a lot of those um i they've been super cool i did your mobility webinar i could only do about half the stuff but um you know i've just been trying to do a little bit more and make it more of a habit yeah honestly it was not a habit for many years and i just you know i'm not a athlete i'm just a guy just a regular old guy so trying to use that to supplement some of my lifting has really been beneficial a lot of the unilateral stuff too but um yeah i've been trying to do as much of the youtube stuff that you guys put out it's really helpful yeah reach roll lift thread the needle hand cuff rotation zone one those are all like i think an area that i would really put a lot of energy and effort into before going into the training a lot of prime tests yeah and here and look here's a deal with mobility it's best done frequently it's not like strength training where you need to take time off it's uh you're better off doing you know 10 minutes twice a day of targeted mobility work uh every single day you'll get far better results doing it that way don't do mobility work like strength training where it's you know twice a week or once a week or whatever do it daily you know maybe morning and night and you'll you'll greatly accelerate your progress awesome thanks guys really appreciate it no problem thanks for calling yeah i think the big issue with mobility is that uh people will do like once or twice a week no that was great that's good advice to keep drilling that home i know we've said it on the show before but um i i didn't see the major improvement uh with myself until it became until i became almost competitive with it where i was like how many times a day can i do this and how consistently can i do this every day like um before i started to really notice a difference if you use mobility as just kind of a way to warm up it's better than nothing it's better than getting on a treadmill it's better than static stretching uh for a warm up so i definitely think it's good but if you're gonna make changes like in your posture like it's you're trying to work on correctional exercise it's really tough because you have to understand that what got you in that position what puts you in the place of you know poor shoulder mobility or hip mobility or ankle whatever it may be is the habits that you do on a regular basis and more than likely you're still doing those habits so you've got to put in enough work to counter that and just simply doing it one or one to three times a week is not enough to see well that feeling he just felt from from being in the proper stacked alignment is something that he should experience more frequently and so to to be able to dive back in and put more work in that direction is going to be everything


From DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com, I'm Darren Marlar and this is your Daily Dose of Weird News. Justin Bieber has been banned from China in order to purify the nation. Hey, you know what, we need purification too. It can be worth a try. Researchers say they may have discovered the tomb of King Tut's wife. It's rumored she was the one who really wore the pants in Egypt. A Louisiana man has been arrested and booked into the same jail for the 77th time. This time he was caught when he got stuck in the chimney of a business. Should there not be some kind of limit on how many times you can get arrested without being confined to house arrest with an ankle monitor and an electrified fence? That white Ford Bronco in which the famous OJ Simpson Chase took place is now in the Alcatraz East Crime Museum in Tennessee. At least for now, the juice is going to need a vehicle to travel between golf courses when he gets out in October. Apple has shared some of the new emojis coming later this year. They include a zombie, T-Rex, zebra, mind-blown, vomit, yoga, and breast-feeding. How often is that emoji needed? Who was clamoring for that one? New research predicts that in 65 billion years the moon will crash into the earth. Wow, it's a good thing I just renewed my homeowner's insurance. A Virginia man has been sentenced to 132 years for stealing tires. 132 years? Did he murder a small village with those tires? A recent study found that women find stubble more attractive than any other kind of facial hair, and even more than a clean-shaven face. Researchers theorize it's because scruff makes a dude look more mature. However, ladies, it doesn't work the other way around. We do not think your leg stubble is sexy. The Three Rivers School District in Texas has approved corporal punishment, as in paddling your butt. Parents would have to approve its use, but if they do a bad child could be spanked. The tougher schools will be incorporating counting the number of swats kids get into the math classes to help teach addition. Lubey lives in New York City and is famous for giving hugs.  With the amount of stress in New York, I'd be afraid my dog would be crushed to death. White House spokesman Sean Spicer resigned on Friday. Saturday Night Live is still in morning. A guy in China is breathing better after doctors removed a bottle cap from his throat. He'd accidentally swallowed it while opening a beer with his teeth. So obviously he was a couple cans short of a six-pack to begin with. Hawaii is taking North Korea's new ballistic missile capability seriously, and it's making plans for what to do in case of an attack. People on the islands haven't been this concerned since the famous ukulele shortage. Scientists say they have found the reason for misophonia. It's a condition that makes some people find certain noises unbearable. Oh, I thought it was just being upset over losing your smartphone. Misophonia. I guess I don't have misophonia after all. Apparently China does though because they've banned Justin Bieber. Please support my channel by sharing The Daily Dose of Weird News on Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and other social networks. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up and be sure to subscribe if you want to see more. And click that little bell icon next to the subscribe button to be notified when I post new videos. Find even more weird news that I didn't have time for at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com. I'm Darren Marlar and I'll see you next time, weirdos.


Hey guys, welcome back to my channel. My name is Sonali. If you guys don't already know me today I'm gonna be sharing with you guys some tips on how to feel more confident and how to make your life a little bit more positive I wasn't always as confident and I'm still not at 100% But my confidence level has definitely shot up a lot since middle school So I just wanted to help you guys out and give you some of my tips that I think will really make an impact in your life So first of all, I wanted to talk to you guys a little bit about the law of attraction My mom was the one who told me about this and it has made a big impact in my life ever since she told me Which was like maybe two weeks ago, but I'm already feeling so much better The definition of the law of attraction is the belief that positive thoughts are magnets for positive life Experiences and negative thoughts are magnets for negative life experiences. So basically to summarize that in my own words It's about putting positive energies out into the universe and then positive energies will come back to you So if you're always dwelling on the negative things about your life or just always feeling sorry for yourself Negative energy is gonna come back to you and spread through a lot of other parts of your life I know it's easier said than done But just by talking positively and encouraging others or encouraging yourself or having a positive mindset about something like Oh, I'm going to get an A on this test.  You need someone that will support you and encourage what you love to do For example, obviously I do YouTube and you know thinking about it Yes, it is kind of weird to talk to a camera But it's a really cool hobby that I love to do. I love editing I love filming and I surround myself with people that also think it's really cool or watch my vlogs and support me and that in itself makes a huge difference in my life because I feel more confident to Vlog around them or just talk about my videos or not hide that you shouldn't have to hide anything that you love The third thing is to get into planning So I use Google calendars and I will literally plan what time I'm waking up what time I'm going to the gym what time I'm going to meal plan and Honestly, it makes me feel so much more put together and in the end It makes me feel more confident because I know what I did that day I can cross things off on my to-do list and it makes me feel like I'm actually being productive Rather than just sitting in bed all day being lazy. That's gonna make me feel kind of shitty So I definitely recommend planning your day out and making to-do lists as well the next one kind of goes along with planning and It is to get places a little bit early even if it's five minutes early or ten minutes early It's gonna make you feel more confident because you're a little bit more prepared rather than rushing to class or Rushing to a meeting you'll have a few minutes to just calm down and think about what you're gonna do in the next few minutes I always try to get to my classes ten to five minutes earlier because I need that time to mentally prepare to take notes or take a quiz Or take a test and even for a meeting you can take that time to calm your nerves if it's a big meeting or Prepare your notes if you have to present something the next one is to do a power post whenever you're not feeling confident A power post is when you stand up and your legs are shoulder-width apart And you put your hands and your hips like a superhero and look up to the sky I remember when my mom first told me about this I'm pretty sure she saw this on Facebook and She shared the link with me and was just talking about it and she was like you should really do this And I thought it was so weird But honestly I do it every now and then and it helps so much You just take a little bit of breather and it gets you ready to go so you can either do what I call The Superman pose which is this one or you can look up to the sky and raise your hands up to the sky So I mean the Superman pose is kind of a little more subtle so I choose that one But you know whatever floats your boat the next tip I have for you guys is to pick your head up and get off Your phone when you're walking places and enjoy the scenery around you of course when I get the occasional text I'm gonna text them back sometimes we tend to Refresh Instagram or Twitter because we feel uncomfortable walking alone It honestly makes me feel more confident to pick my head up and just enjoy everything around me You know take a little time for yourself honestly think about anything something creative something serious Maybe if you want to take that time to pray that would be a good time I did this a lot freshman year when I was on my phone all the time walking places because I just felt so Uncomfortable and I didn't really know a lot of people but now that I am a sophomore and I'm getting to know a lot more people I love seeing familiar faces on campus So I always try to look out for my friends and say hi and honestly it is kind of uncomfortable But it really makes a big difference in my day when I'm just interacting with people on campus or just acknowledging nature That sounds so weird But just trust me try getting off your phone whenever you're walking somewhere and you'll just feel happier Next one is to give out compliments and I personally love this one because I love making Conversation with people and I feel like a compliment is such a good conversation starter But it's really important to actually mean the compliment like if you are gonna say you like my shirt You know actually love it and maybe be like oh where'd you get it? You know start a conversation But don't just be like oh I like your shirt just cuz I'm telling you to give people compliments I promise a compliment will make someone's day and maybe make the compliment a little bit deeper For example if someone's working out and you've seen a difference, you know compliment her on that It's gonna make her day more than you think or even tell them what you admire about them And this doesn't have to be like super creepy. You can say it's super casual. You know like oh my god I've been admiring how hard you've been working at your position It's so easy to give people compliments and I honestly feel like Compliments are somewhat of a chain reaction because if I get a compliment I'm more inclined to give someone else a compliment and then maybe they'll feel the same way The next one is to try to get healthier and I personally cannot rule out sweeps And that's not what I'm trying to say. In my case I have meal plan so I can choose between a salad and the main entree And now I'm trying to eat more vegetables and just cut down the portion size of the actual entree And it just makes me feel a lot better I think the biggest thing is to stop eating when you feel full It doesn't matter how much you spent on the meal It doesn't matter how much is left on your plate. You can always take it home But I think the worst feeling in the world is being so full that you can't even move And feeling like you can't move makes you lazy and then just makes you feel not confident The next one kind of does with the last one and it's just getting healthier in all aspects of life Whether it's taking your vitamins or exercising And I know that's hard because you may not have the time or you may not have the motivation If you told me to go work out three months ago I would have latched in your face and been like, haha, I'm just gonna sit here eating my mini kitkats I mean, I still eat those mini kitkats. Don't get me wrong I have started the Kayla it scenes workout program and having this workout program telling me Exactly what to do and how many reps I should do it for and how long should it take? It kind of makes me feel forced to do it I've been doing it for seven weeks now that it's just become a habit that I have to go to the gym every morning Or you know afternoon if I can't fit it in the morning I think going to the gym in the morning is a lot more beneficial because it just wakes you up Kind of gets you ready for the day and you don't go through the whole day dreading Oh dang, I have to go to the gym later or I can put on makeup because I have to go to the gym later I'm definitely not telling you guys to go to the gym right now and do You know 30 minutes on the treadmill But I really encourage you guys to get outside and just maybe take a walk every now and then Or if you're going to be watching youtube videos like this Maybe go outside and walk and watch the videos or what I like to do is to go on the treadmill and watch my videos So that way I'm kind of rewarding myself as I go The last one is to keep your room clean This makes such a big difference in my day to day routine because I love coming back into my room And seeing that as clean it honestly makes me feel so much more motivated than seeing a bunch of Piles of clothes on the floor of laundry that I have to put away or just my bed unmade I hate saying my bed unmade when my room is clean I feel like I can edit my videos or do my homework But when it's not clean I feel like that's the first priority for me to clean my room And then I can focus on my homework But it's good in a weird way because I'm forced to clean my room every day So those were all my tips on how to feel more confident and to be more positive I would love for you guys to leave me any feedback that you have on this video And I hope you guys will take some of my advice and really apply it to your life And if you do then let me know how it works out for you. So I will see you guys in my next video. Bye guys


Welcome to the Thargoid Report, I'm Commander Burr. This is a weekly breakdown of the ongoing conflict with the Thargoids and a guide to how you can easily get involved and make a difference. If you find this information useful and enjoy our content then do give this video a thumbs up and hit the subscribe button to make sure you see all our future videos. The Thargoids weekly station attacks still remain offline and all is quiet in both the bubble and the newly established enclave in the Witchhead Nebula. We're hearing on the grapevine that Frontier are saying this lull inactivity from the Meanie Greenies is intentional. Whilst I can't confirm that I wouldn't be surprised if that were the case. The guys from Operation Ida are still actively engaged with a serious backlog of damaged stations inside the bubble, their discord is linked below, do lend a hand if your cargo capable and in the bubble with some light years to spare, they could always use some cargo racks. As we've reported previously with the lack of stations currently in need of evacuation the Post Disaster Evacuation Service has turned its resources towards the Witchhead Nebula with great effect, one station is already back online and two more are now well on the way to completion, once again their discord is linked below if your game for the more long distance haulage. In both cases in order to contribute you just need a cargo hauling capable vessel and the galactic map and maybe a fuel scoop, both communities will be able to guide you on what to bring and where to take it. As at the time of recording there are no systems showing as in incursion but the larger Thargoid vessels are available in the usual fixed instances as are the scouts. It's always wise to tackle the Thargoids with some support and you'll find links below to discord servers for the AXI, the Hive and the Hand, those guys will be able to lead you to some of the perma goid sites if you don't know where they are already. Between them these groups have all platforms covered, they're a really friendly bunch and whatever your level of competence they'll help you find bugs to suit your needs. Wherever you go commanders remember pick your fights with care. One final note, it's not outside of Frontiers MO to release new content in a major patch without telling anyone it's coming, particularly in regard to the Thargoid conflict. There's a significant update due to the game in September, might be something, might not. Worth bearing in mind. That's it for now, thank you so much for watching, you can also find us on Twitter, Patreon, Discord and Instagram, links to all those are in the description below and we'll be back later this week with more videos, until then O7 commanders may all your hyperdictions be brief and don't let the terror triphids give you nightmares. I very much look forward to seeing you next time.


We're both part of the team has a bench That early in the season has been very productive. That's been a difference in some contests Dustin Smith and one will head to the line for a chance at three And good movement without the ball well executed Vienna's one back-to-back game to stop in the big 10 schedule back-to-back two-point wins As Laura goes baseline right by Justin Smith a slow rotation In your backyard the state of Indiana in this case with the Hoosiers Archie Miller and his staff very diligent hard-working crew. There's that Turnover by the Hoosiers is played them this year Stuff shit down Boy, you think of him as a talented score and a versatile score Here's McMahon got the defender off his feet at the ball to Cunningham who tees it up and buries a three When that was all set up by McMahon Still looking for his first points of the game the guy averaging close to double figures on here Justin Smith finds Durham Davis puts it on the floor into the lane defender office feet on the foul Instead it's numbers for the car They can do it all Those numbers are produced when they're sharing it like that. It is a thing of beauty when they're right Smith lost his footing Romeo Langford Morgan's screen who rolls to the bucket was open for a moment, but they couldn't find him instead It's been a see to give Indiana its first lead of the day. It's back to it at one I Miller saying back off don't even move why defend it Cunningham throws it up and hits it But the two makes from Romeo Langford Proved to be enough 68 67 what a game this was and Joe that last shot is emblematic of this entire afternoon of punch counter punch


The FAM Speedway Grand Prix Series rolled into Cardiff and the one so many people looked forward to throughout the course of the glorious sunshine and it was a festival atmosphere on the streets of Cardiff in the build-up in the fat zone. Magisterium Cardiff in a spectacular sight. One of the most fantastic sporting venues in the world. Here we go! Out of the top draw, it wasn't D18, it was!


What's the best way to connect your digital audio source to your DAC or amplifier with built-in DAC? The problem is that there is now universal best solution. But that doesn't mean there isn't the best solution for your setup. In my video Why Digital Circles Influencer Sound Quality, I describe why network switches influence the sound. But the same problems play a part in all digital audio equipment and digital audio connections. Therefore it might be handy if you watch that video first. The link is in the top right corner, in the description and at the end of this video. In short, the signal over the digital connection is an analog square wave signal that can suffer from time invariance and distortion through the ground plane and other power supply problems. Both cause jitter in the signal during the digital to analog conversion. Let's look at several setups and choose the best solution in each case. In quality digital playback you want the bits in the audio file arrive at the DAC fully unaltered. All operating systems want to mix the audio with, for instance, warning beeps. Therefore the sampling frequency of the audio is changed, usually to 48 kHz. In this process the sound quality will suffer, so that should be prevented. So called BitPerfect Music Player software does this. There are many programs available. Well known ones are Audivana, Amara, BitPerfect, Decibel, J River Media Center, Pure Music, Music Player Demon, Neutral Music Player, Rune and Volumeo, but there are even more. Just google BitPerfect Music Player. When that is fixed, it's time to talk about the digital connection to the DAC. A standard modern computer will have at least USB but often also split-if or toss-link or even both. There also might be analog outputs that needs to be avoided if you go for really good sound quality. USB nowadays uses the USB Audio Class 2 standard which uses an asynchronous protocol. This sends packets of audio data to the DAC where it is buffered and sent to the digital to analog conversion circuitry against the clock in the DAC. So the clocks in the computer have no play in that. But the digital USB signal, being analog square waves, most likely is polluted by all the clock signals and the simple switch mode power supply you find in computers. That power supply will also pollute the 5 volt DC power line that every USB connection needs. See the review of the Holo Audio Titanis 800mpa for an explanation. That device sold out quickly after the review went online. It fights the aforementioned problem. Luckily there is an alternative in the Optone Audio ISO region. One step up is the Syncse Audio SU6 USB Audio Bridge that converts the USB signal to AES-EBU, split-if, toss-link and I2S. Other solutions are audiophile quality USB PCI cards that have an external power supply. And then add the audiophile grade power supply and other measures to clean up the digital output signal of a computer. To get the USB output of a computer ideal for high end audio, you could easily spend €4000 to €5000 on computer parts, including a bespoke motherboard that is clocked from the same clock as the USB card in the network card. See my review of the SOtM audiophile computer. If you use a normal home grade computer, a USB cable of say €50 might improve the sound quality. Using a heavily tweaked PC, like the SOtM or a computer sold as an audiophile grade server might benefit from high end USB cables like the network audio and audio quest cables I use in my setup 1 when a USB cable is needed. The AES-3 standard knows three variants. AES-EBU, which uses XLR connectors, 110 ohm cable and 2-7V peak-to-peak. Split-if, which uses RCA or BNC connectors, 75 ohm cable and 0.5-0.6V peak-to-peak. Toss-link, which is identical to split-if but uses an optical instead of electrical connection. AES-EBU uses slightly different subcode but the audio data structure is identical to split-if and toss-link. All three have the clock signal encoded in the data stream. If you want to know more about this, watch my video Connecting Your DAC No. 2, How Digital Can Go Run. All AES-3 formats use the source clock so the one in the computer to drive the DAC. In the DAC the receiver chip has to chase the incoming clock which will cause jitter on top of the jitter on the computer clock. Some DACs offer the possibility to switch between wide chasing and close chasing. The first position is for jittery sources, the second for low jitter signals. If you need to use one of the AES-3 connections, AES-EBU, if present on both devices, is the best. Split-if is second and toss-link to last. AES-EBU and split-if can carry signals up to 192 kHz. Toss-link officially is supported up to 96 kHz although some manufacturers support 192 kHz. In general USB will be the better option provided the receiver circuit and the clock of your DAC is of sufficient quality. Whether that is the case is easily established by comparing USB to AES-3. USB will certainly be the better choice if an active USB reclocker is used, especially if it also cleans up the USB 5-fold line or outputs quality AES-3 signals instead and your DAC can handle AES-3 properly. Basically, a network bridge is a USB, I2S or AES-3 output at a distance. It is connected to the computer of the network, which is asynchronous, like USB Audio Class 2. You need player software that can address a network bridge using protocols like DNA, UPNP, Rune, Squeezebox and so on. A good network bridge receives the digital audio over the network, cleans up the signal, buffers it and plays it out to either USB Audio Class 2, I2S or one or more AES-3 streams. Now the quality of the computer is of little relevance as long as it can handle the task of streaming audio to the network, which for a modern computer is a walk in the park. A 384 kHz 24 bit PCM file uses 18.4 Mbps. Nowadays Ethernet networks do 1000 mbps, also called 1 gigabit per second and 10 gigabits can already be found on more advanced computers. But even the gigabit network can handle many audio streams simultaneously and so does a modern computer, unless you use the computer for processor intensive tasks at the same time, like video processing or doing audio processing to DSD files during playback. Then the processor of some computers might not cope. Back to the network bridge. They come in a wide range of prices starting from a few hundred euros to tens of thousands and many streamers can be used as a network bridge too. I have two playlists on the network bridges, below 500 and above 500 euros. Links in the description below this video on YouTube. Compared to the active USB reclockers they will lead to better sound quality if your stereo is able to reproduce the difference and your ears are interested in higher quality. Network bridges generally only have one type of output, USB only Class 2, I2S or one or more AES-3 formats. But if it offers two or three interfaces, the question arises what sounds better. That again depends on the qualities of both the bridge and the DAC, so again trial and error cross your part, and mine by the way. Of course you can also use a network player. The difference with a network bridge is that it can be operated from the player itself. There can be through proprietary software, like for instance Auralic, Blue Sound and Sonos Do, but it can also be a protocol like DLNA or Squeezebox, in which case a DLNA or Logitech Media Server program has to run on a computer or NAS. Network players might need an external DAC or can have a DAC built in. In the first case, again it's the implementation that defines what cable sounds the best. In my setup 2A I use USB between the LOUS bridge signature, the network bridge and the Denofrips Aries 2 DAC. But in my setup 1A I use AES-EVU between the Grim Audio Mu1 digital player and the Core Dave DAC. I know some of you want simple answers. This might be found on other places on Dubeb. Remember that with one watch you know the time, with two watches you're never sure. Trust your ears, young viewer, ears you trust. Which brings us to the end of this program. See you next week, Friday 5pm, Central European time. If you don't want to miss that, subscribe to this channel or follow me on the social media, so you will be informed when new videos are out. Let me reach even more people by giving this video a thumb up or link to this video on the social media. It is much appreciated. Many thanks to those viewers that support this channel financially, especially in these times. It keeps me independent and lets me improve the channel further. If that makes you feel like supporting my work too, the links are in the comments below this video on YouTube. I am Hans Beekhuyzen, thank you for watching and see you in the next show or on the DHBproject.com. And whatever you do, enjoy the music.


Hi guys, welcome back to the independent investor channel. Really. It's great to be with you guys. My name is Ryan If you guys are looking for the best portfolio tracker out there on the market, I've got it stock rovers is The answer to everything that you could ever want in a one-stop shop portfolio tracker stock research tool You don't need to look any further if you guys are trying to and becoming frustrated with Excel Spreadsheets and the maintenance that exists therein You guys need to look at stock rover. It provides the opportunity for a 14-day trial Links are provided in the description below I'm going to provide you guys a quick walk-through on a few of the functions and features Within stock rover. This is a product that I use myself We are affiliated with stock rover any links that you click on to help support the channel I'll receive a small compensation For providing content like this, but I find myself coming back to stock rover as kind of a daily use tool in my stock investing and my research application and I think for the different levels of Membership that stock rover offers. I think there's a product that can align with your needs Specifically so you want to make sure and kick over watch those tutorials that are provided on the stock rover website That of which all include in the description of these videos as well But sit back and enjoy how it is that I've been able to capture Multiple accounts bring them all into a one-stop shop like stock rover And extrapolate some of the data and analytics that are provided through this awesome awesome platform guys We'll jump you into the account now and conduct the review So I think one of the coolest opportunities through social media is to be brought to products that you wouldn't wouldn't have known about before Unless identified on some independent research I've had the unique pleasure of of getting familiar with stock rover Which is bottom line hands down the best portfolio tracker on the market It blows everything else out of the water guys if you are trying to Manage an excel spreadsheet to provide yourself good Analytics and data you're really missing the boat here. You really are stock rover allows you a 14-day trial to kind of pilot the program they have a lot of different avenues and Packages that can satisfy each and every client out there's needs what you're looking at here is the aesthetic dashboard for the premium plus package that they've got which is their elite service which is Absolutely fantastic. This is like driving a Ferrari guys. There's no doubt about it You can ask stock rover to do anything under the Sun and then some So I've chronicled the initial rollout of stock rover And I know there's a lot of people out there that are looking for a tool like this and for the main reason of time savings It's it's worth taking a look at stock rover again back to the excel spreadsheets It's only as good as the time spent in the data input. Okay stock rover does all that for you All you have to do is take your data throw it into stock rover And it extrapolates all the metrics that you would ever need forecasted future revenue, etc Stock individual stock performance dividend renderings from quarter to yearly into the future It this guy is the limit with stock rover and for you guys that may have just one portfolio with a passive ETF And it stock rover might not be the best for you Okay, now there are tools that are available on the research side of the house Some a la carte products that you can find some proprietary research tools and it's fantastic It'll print you out an eight-page document and that is an a la carte service But for a more advanced comprehensive portfolio like myself here I want to earmark what this is right here on the top end of the screen Now I'm at the dashboard here. The dashboard is just a quick shot. This is super super important These are all my accounts. Okay, so basically what I did is I used the brokerage connect tool here to capture all of my M1 finance accounts All of my Meryl edge investing accounts as well as my thrift savings plan Now the thrift savings plan is a little more fickle It gets caught up somewhat in the cookies and I have to do this on a Non-private tab browser to get this to update which is totally fine I don't mind doing that because the thrift savings plan is a tough Tough account to link over in other words It's always a manual amendment or a refresh and a re-log in to get that data to stick but stock rover does the best job of Actually allowing that to happen as long as you do it in an open source Browser tab and which is totally fine here, but this is great man It gives a snapshot of the portfolios combined This just on a quick look if I logged in to stock rover, it's gonna give me of course my all my Market news the charting and graphing are second to none on stock rover. They're incredible There's no way on a tutorial that I'm gonna get to everything. These are my holdings one-day performance I can kick in here and do you know one-year performance. I can do five-year performance I can do custom time framing on this And then scrolling down here. This is on a snapshot my projected dividend income Guys, this is all stuff that manually has to be built into a spreadsheet or have somebody build it for you And then you get to hope that either number one you don't sell a stock ever and that spreadsheet remains static Number two is that that spreadsheet where it's pulling data from Doesn't incur some sort of an error or or corruption message That will require you to go in there and fix the master spreadsheet and or fix each individual spreadsheet It's it's really just futile and people are spending way too much time Time is way too valuable to be spending Baby sitting and massaging your Excel spreadsheet all the time just to provide you rudimentary data that stock rover can provide on an advanced level, but this Projected income here this goes up through 2021. This is kind of cool. And then it gives the year-end recap This is proposed dividends for my portfolio combined 7284 and then you can see how the dividends increased based on the current holdings projections of 8062 total over the next couple years of 15347 renderings and then here's your snapshot Um, no need for dividend tracking here that gives it to you So if I look through here on a quick whim, I can go boom starting here On tuesday, which is tomorrow the day after filming this video. I know I've got cvs, which is a holding of mine Reporting I've got a double whammy on thursday walmart and royal bank of canada I own them both the following week is a big week for the independent investor channel We've got home depot and medtronic. I own them both Lowe's I own sales force TD dominion I own so some big earnings weeks coming up and on a snapshot you can really Kick in here and be provided a daily briefing on What sectors are out performing? I mean, how many people knew that energy is out performing right now? 5.2 percent. There's technology, which is everybody's favorite at 27, right? Some of the watch list and some of the stuff that I'm I'm working But I want to kick over here to the Portfolio analytics for just excuse me the rebalancing This is this is the real real key here. This is a lot of fun And this right here gives me the visual picture of what I Really enjoy through stock rover. It doesn't get any simpler than this and I've seen some excel spreadsheets out there guys That that are fantastic. They're beautiful and and I give kudos to the person who built them The the problem is the scalability of those products and and they are deficient in meeting the masses needs This is very very simple. It tells you everything you need to know if I click over here This is very very clean. The aesthetics are are super super easy to work with and if I were going to click in here Boom, there it is in its totality Now keep in mind here. Look at how simple this this is and look at the amount of data That is being captured here in this particular stock aspect of the portfolio Here's all the sectors to the right in the listing And here's how it breaks down now since my portfolio is is rather large and it's it's extensive in that it captures multiple different accounts multiple different holdings Stock rover displays that in this pie Overlay in a one-stop shop. Very very cool So for example, we'll kick in here to consumer cyclicals for a second That's a fairly bad example because I got a big chunk of highly on it looks like pac-man in here But if we go back here and pick a sector, let's pick technology everybody's favorite, right? This really tells the picture and this is that one sector guys. This is insane Look at that to boom on a snapshot give you that give you the ticker symbol The name of the company the percent of portfolio waiting and the actual dollar dollars that are rendered there apple 1.5 percent to my total overall portfolio now these small slices here guys. This is m1 finance This is the brand new dividend growth portfolio that I just recently rolled out to you guys There's texas instrument on a very very small $223 position, but that just shows you how powerful stock rover is I didn't have to manually add this into this to into this spreadsheet stock rover does all work for me Okay, it's direct connected to m1 finance. So therefore any changes to m1 finance any changes To meral edge will be reflected within the one-stop-shop stock rover platform.  There's sysco systems and around the horn right and just for sake of of Showing you guys and really showcasing the power of this. Let's kick into basic materials kind of cool, right? APD here, we've got bhp billetton. We've got lindy And we've got sure when williams here that just incurred a stock split And we'll show you one more just for the sake of Of demonstration purposes shoot. Let's kick into communication services. So this guy's gives you the visual This right here is what I see attempted to be duplicated across the excel spreadsheet Landscape and they're failing to do so they may get a beautiful picture for the time shot But the thing about it is are those products going to stand the test of time? Are they going to be good six months down the line? Are they going to capture all of your portfolio? Moves does it lock you in to just remaining static on your portfolio?  It does everything for you. There's a tnt. There's a 2.1 Of my over portfolio. There's a small splice. That's t-mobile. You bet That's a brand new position in the dividend portfolio as these positions increase So will the pie in stock rover? It will account for all of those changes and increases in In distribution of funds. There's Comcast Right and then my larger holdings of Walt Disney Company Facebook And google right so fantastic So with that guys i'm going to be rolling out some more tutorials on on these Let's check future income just for fun Absolutely, this is really cool man. This really allows you so this right here is the summary Up to december of 2022 it always forecasts two years in in advance But if I look at the portfolio This basically takes each and every of the the accounts right and gives me what the accounts are rendering individual Per month This is incredible. So this groups it together per month And then down here, of course, it throws in a visual representation guys I'd be hard pressed to say that there's an excel spreadsheet out there That can do this level of deep analytics for you But this gives you the amount of renderings per portfolio, right? So you can see here the lion share the dividends are coming from mine Then next it's coming from the next roth Then next it's coming from the taxable brokerage it and so on and so forth And then if you go into the individual holdings level boom, it's a click away. There it is Where are these dividends being rendered per month, right? So you can see here in the month of february next month I can expect that ab v city group realty income core procter and gamble And charles schwaab are going to render a small dividend February is a rather anemic month. That's kind of embarrassing 154 Well, let's cruise down here. I think march is a beast Yeah march is a beast. Yeah, you bet march is a four figure month Fantastic, we'll take that but this actually gives the listing of all the holdings that actually pay the dividend You guys see that that's insane So really wanted to showcase. We'll come back to the dashboard here very very simple very very Incredible this is going to be conducive to those folks out there that choose like myself to have multiple accounts I try not to spread myself all over the place But stock rover allows you to spread out a little bit. Yes, but then bring it all home to give you that visual representation number one to the deep analytics and access to Proprietary research through the stock rover platform So all the links are provided in the description below guys the independent investor channel is affiliated with And a product user of stock rover I don't push through products that I don't use on the channel. That's kind of a rule of thumb for me And I expect that you guys will at least take an objective look on this take advantage of the 14 day trial Get started if you don't like it opt out. You've lost nothing, but If you do end up opting for their service the independent investor channel can receive a small compensation For providing this content to you guys and really showing you walking you through a tutorial of what stock rover has to offer So with that guys will kick you back to youtube and we'll conclude the video. All right guys, so we've come out of stock rover I roll these guys these out to you guys to provide you Some insight on how I use stock rover If it's something of interest to you, I think if you're working with a beginning portfolio It may not be the best time for you right now But I've spoke with way too many people in the community who need something like this and they're looking for That opportunity to combine all of their accounts into a one-stop shop And the brokerage connect allows that to happen. That was the main feature that showcased in this video Right, if I had one account, maybe it wouldn't be so important But I think there's a lot of people who seek out strategic opportunity Using a number of different brokerages or they have a multiple multitude of accounts within the same broker Stock rover allows you to separate those out and look at it from a total comprehensive portfolio picture And extrapolate the data for your for your own dissemination and use There's no better product on the market and and I think for the long-standing You know data and the ability of stock rover to manage The data that you input it'll stand the test of time six months down the line a year five years 10 years down the line Stock rover could be one of those integral parts of your portfolio analysis thesis Whereas excel spreadsheets seem to be really really good on the onset six months down the line You've got so many errors and you spend all your time just monkeying around and tinkering with the excel spreadsheet It's a futile effort And our time is worth way more than that guys stock rover allows you to dump the data on them Let them do the data crunching and you can move on with your day and do more important things Guys if you appreciate the content coming through the independent investor channel want to make sure and subscribe to the message I'm going to share this information for anybody out there that's looking for a portfolio tracker Stock rovers the best in the business. They are number one. If you want the number one stock Tracker portfolio analyzer. This is it anything less than stock rover is futile Yeah, it's it's less than sub par in my opinion. There's no better than stock rover out there You want to share it leave your comments at the bottom leave your tutorials if you're having some experience with stock rover You enjoy the product even if you don't like the product. We need to be open Uh on this forum about the stock rover experience what it means to self-directed investors And the ability to extrapolate data On the fly real time Real-time data and analytics and how we're using that data to empower our own financial futures Guys appreciate you sticking with me through the totality of this tutorial. Thank you so much again. Good luck in your investment future


Nothing keeps West Sussex moving more than the gritters. The big yellow vehicles that help drivers literally get a grip in ice or snow. We're at one of West Sussex County Council's four highways depots to see behind the scenes, to watch the gritters at work. Twenty-four vehicles serve twenty-one routes across the county. We find out how often those gritters go out, where they go, and how it's been decided which roads get gritted and which ones don't. All types of road problem are a top priority for the County Council, which has pledged to spend millions to tackle flooding and an increasing number of potholes. And that's apart from salting and gritting the roads. Regular briefing reports are received by the man who oversees the county's roads to ensure he's on top of the situation. The roads we do are the heaviest news. So it's the A roads and the B roads that are our responsibility. We also do the main roads that lead to hospitals, to colleges, to emergency services, to railway stations and such like, which amounts to about 900 miles. We obviously help local communities to help themselves. We have something like 350 salt bins around the county. And in addition to that, parish councils, something like 180 parish councils have one tonne bags delivered to them, which we replenish on a priority basis. As well as grit for the bins and bags, the County Council organised big society funding of £5,500 to buy this mobile salt spreader for villagers in the Lavent Valley. It's lunchtime and decision time on the roads, deciding if the gritters go and where. A 24-hour forecast is the key to the decisions which will be made. West Sussex has been split into three forecast areas, which can be quite different from each other. And with each, there are three options. Gritting one or more areas, not going at all, or simply delaying the decision till five in the evening when there'll be another forecast. Sophisticated weather systems can even measure road temperatures using buried sensors. But even when a decision has been taken, the game can be changing all the time. The forecasts have been of low confidence in terms of the type of weather that's coming along. This most recent snow event has been much longer than was predicted and hasn't had the snow and warmer weather behind it as was originally predicted. Four thousand tonnes of rock salt are currently held at the West Sussex depots, salt that can melt snow even at temperatures of minus 21 degrees Celsius. It doesn't even have to feel particularly cold for the roads to freeze because in winter the roads can be as much as four degrees colder than the air temperature. Just one inch of snow means 80,000 tonnes of the white stuff to be cleared. And one thing you can be sure of, there is enough salt and grit to last the winter and to keep the vital roads of West Sussex moving.


Hello, everybody. So today we get to start on lecture number two in the course. We're going to talk about how things get in and out of the cell. In the last lecture, we talked about homeostasis, and really in order to deal with homeostasis, we had to think about defining fluid compartments in the human body, because our definition of homeostasis was the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, and we defined that internal environment as the extracellular fluid in your body. Today, we're going to look at the single most critical structure that mediates the movement or communication or action between fluid compartments, between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid. So just in case you don't know what the topic of today's lecture is, think about that for a second. What structure mediates interaction between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid? There's one structure that you should know that you've rocked the general bio already. The one thing that separates intracellular fluid the inside of the cell from extracellular fluid, the outside of the cell is the cell membrane. And today, we're going to look at many different ways that the cell membrane carries out this task. Keeping some stuff out, allowing some stuff in, like investing in getting stuff in, or investing in creating concentration gradients that let you get other things in. It's really no surprise. Human physiology is just so freaking cool. So think about the cell for a minute. This video, if you have not seen this video, it's put together by this ex vivo group and they did this animation of actual cellular processes that is mind blowing. The three minute version has beautiful music, makes me cry every time. I try not to get too excited.  But I found an eight minute version. What? Where they actually narrate the entire process. Which by the end of the semester, you guys are actually going to understand some of the processes that are happening here, which is really cool. Okay, so let's get started. Let's do a quick review on the cell membrane. Like what? What is the cell membrane? What's its structure? And how does it carry out its task of keeping the intracellular fluid separate from the extracellular fluid so that the cell can function?