Good morning everybody and we take our seats. Thank you very much indeed. As you can see, I've got plenty of seats behind me. That will be for the panel that will come on a little bit later on in about half an hour or so. Before that we want to set the scene. I'll start off by welcoming you to the opening of this special session in the eighth World Forest Week at mainstreaming by biodiversity and forestry. Rhaid i ddechrau i niwn radd a'r cyfanio, y ddweud y bydd yr hyn yn ei wneud yma yn ystod o'r gwlaeth, ond rydyn ni'n mynd i'n ddweud y bydd y bydd cymdeithasol, y bydd cymdeithasol yn ystod. Felly, rydyn ni'n byw ymddir o'r cysylltu i'r bydd ar y cyfnod, ond byd o'r byd o bwysig, ond y bydd yn ei wneud o bwysig o'r byd.  O'r holl ddechrau, o'r holl ddechrau, o'r holl ddechrau. Ae, felly mae'n gweithio. Rydym ni'n mwynhau i fynd ymdodㅜ ac mae'n ddim yn ochr hwnnau iawn ac yn delwodol i'r holl o'r cyfrifiad. Felly, lladw'n Henry Bonswm, rhan o Llywodraeth Cynrytu. So, biodiversity, we know, plays a really key role in underpinning human well-being. I think people are beginning to understand that more and more. We're not separate from what happens around us. We are part and parcel of it. But what about the way in which we try and conserve the world's biodiversity? How do we interact with it? How do we interact with and use and manage the world's forests, which, as we know, are a haven, if not a cradle of biodiversity? Well, this is what we're going to examine in this session. I'm going to kick it off with a short video, which will hopefully inspire us this early in the morning as we proceed with this special event. So, Maestro, Marco and team, run Viti! That's what we say in TV. Our forests are home to an astonishing 80% of life on land, and abound with an amazing variety of creatures, big and small. You know some of them. Others might surprise you. Even the tiniest of creatures play a crucial role, working hard to sustain life, enabling trees and all the other remarkable plants to grow. Sometimes, even unnoticed, there are the heroes in the circle of life that keeps our planet healthy. But today, this biodiversity isn't a serious threat. Millions of hectares of forest are being lost every year. We need to care for our only home by caring for our forests. I think you agree with that. It's precious to lose when you see the opening images of those creatures. I wonder how many of those creatures you could name. Don't worry, it's not an examination, but it was beautiful. The whole of the universe, as we know thus far, ours is the only planet that we know of thus far, although these new rovers and these new probes that they're sending deeper and deeper into space may find something. But at the moment, we are unique.  Well, to set the scene, I'm delighted to welcome Thomas Hofer, senior forestry officer who leads the forestry bio restoration team here at Faw and he's going to make the opening remarks on behalf of Madam Maria Elena Semidio, Deputy Director General of Faw. Thomas, over to you. You can give him a round of applause. He deserves it. Thank you. Thank you. Is that working? Thank you Henry for setting so nicely the stage for this discussion today. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, a very good morning to you and welcome to this special session of the 8th World Forest Week on mainstreaming biodiversity in forests. I particularly appreciate all of the delegates who sit here who have been negotiating very late yesterday evening and you still make it this morning to be with us in this very important topic. So welcome especially to you and you agree with me that what we discussed today very well fits to the discussions which were there yesterday in one of the agenda items of the COFO program. I also like to welcome all colleagues, experts who are with us online. As highlighted in the video just now, biodiversity plays a critical role in maintaining human well-being and our economies. Biodiversity underpins the provision of food, fibre and water. It mitigates and provides resilience to climate change. It supports human health and provides jobs in agriculture, fisheries, forestry and many other sectors. Without effective measures to sustainably utilise and conserve biodiversity, the 2030 agenda will not be achievable. We cannot discuss biodiversity conservation without forests which are home to most of the world's terrestrial biodiversity. The role of forests in maintaining biodiversity is explicitly recognised by the United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests 2017 to 2030 as well as FAO's strategy on mainstreaming biodiversity across agriculture sectors which was adopted in 2019. Despite the recognition of the importance of biodiversity to humanity, forests and their biodiversity continue to be lost at an alarming rate. Deforestation is the greatest driver of the loss of valuable plants and animals with almost 8 million hectares of forests cleared every year, mainly for agriculture expansion. Other threats include over-harvesting of timber, invasive species, climate change, desertification and forest fires. The conservation of the world's biodiversity is utterly dependent on the way in which we interact with and use the world's forests. The critical importance of sustainable forest management in halting deforestation and forest degradation and associated decline in supply of ecosystem services is well recognised. However, much more needs to be done to make sure that the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity are embedded at every level of forest management. Protecting the animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms that thrive in forests must become a fundamental goal of sustainable forest management worldwide. In 2020, at the 25th session of COFO, Member countries requested FAO to conduct a review of biodiversity mainstreaming in forests and share good practices on solutions that balance conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity. Very important to balance conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. FAO conducted this review in partnership with C4 and the CGA IAR research programme on forest trees and agroforestry. We are very happy that the colleagues who work with us are here present with us today. At this special event today, we are pleased to launch the report resulting from this review. The publication summarises progress worldwide in mainstreaming by diversity in forest management and informs future efforts in forestry. It also describes available approaches and tools to ensure the integration of biodiversity concerns in forestry, the forest policy strategy and management. It means it shows solutions, it shows approaches how to move forward. It confirms the urgent need to ensure that biodiversity conservation be mainstreamed into forest management practices in all forest types. To do so, a realistic balance must be struck between conservation goals and local needs and demand for forest resources that support livelihoods for security and human well-being. This requires many things, effective governance, policy alignment between sectors and administrative levels, land tenure security, respect for the rights and knowledge of local communities and indigenous peoples, and enhanced capacities for monitoring of biodiversity outcomes. It also requires innovative financing modalities. We hope that the wealth of information and recommendations provided in this study will inspire action from those involved in forest management and conservation. In the presentations to follow, we will be learning more about the key findings of this assessment as well as recommendations that emerged from it. We will also be discussing the way forward, very importantly, in implementing these recommendations on the ground to improve and advance sustainable utilization and conservation of biodiversity in managed forests. Let me conclude by thanking all the experts and stakeholders from partner organizations and countries who have contributed to this assessment and our work on biodiversity mainstreaming. Without such contributions, this work would not have been possible. We look forward to working with all of you to implement the recommendations from the study. The launch of a publication is a start of a process and not the end of a process. I wish you a successful event and fruitful discussions. Thank you so much. Thomas, thank you very much indeed. Wonderful. You've set the scene with a dose of realism. I was just making notes jutting away furiously as I do when people are speaking so that I can build on what they've said. The figures you gave us will be familiar to some of you, but 8 million hectares of forests, the overharvesting, the invasive species, the climate change, deforestation, forest fires, the challenges facing people who work in this sector who want to mainstream biodiversity and to put a protective arm around the forest, the challenges are huge. But as you said, there is a publication, there are recommendations and assessments being done on the solutions that we look forward to hearing what they are. But now at this point I'm delighted to invite a gentleman who yesterday described us, we human beings, as being on the Titanic, heading toward the iceberg at full speed, thinking we're okay, maybe moving the deck chairs around while the ban plays and we don't realise we're about to hit the iceberg. Let's hope his metaphors will be less frightening and less vivid this morning. He's the director general of the Centre for International Forestry Research. He has our keynote address. He is Mr Robert Nass. Robert, over to you. And please, despite his scary metaphors, I think we should give him an applause. Thank you. Good morning everybody. Good evening, good afternoon for the people online. I don't see you because I have this light on the right, but it shouldn't be a problem. So what managing forest for sustainable use and biodiversity, that's fundamentally what mainstreaming means. When I told my mum we are going to do something on mainstreaming biodiversity in forestry, she says what does it mean? It means taking care of biodiversity and taking care of forest at the same time. It's not a new issue, but it's gaining a new importance, given the need to provide a growing population with forest products, everything else being equal. The additional wood material that will be necessary to shift from a fossil fuel-based economy to a bio-based economy. We are on average consuming 0.5 cubic metres of wood per year and per person on the whole world. So if we have, we expect about 900 million people to be with us in 2030, that means that we need to find 450 million cubic metres of wood by then everything being equal. So if you want to use more wood to build in terms of using concrete, we need to protect our forests and to use our forests. And also the imperative to conserve biodiversity and the associated wooden services, pollination, water, carbon. So the question is, how should we meet the demand for wood while minimizing climate and biodiversity impact? That is why we mainstream biodiversity. It's to improve the functioning of the forest ecosystem, maximise ecosystem services, to increase the overall productivity and to increase the resilience of the system.  Yes, except that if you look at this data here, the point on it, anyway, you see that a massive study from WCS, World Conservation Society, in Western Equatorial Africa, which is from the Guineau Congolian Forest, that shows that there are more in Gorilla and Chimpanzin than expected, which is a good news, because there are more on the side of protected area. And if you look at the graph on the left, you see that the number of nests are way higher in hunting area, logging concession and in protected area. So the protected area, although a cornerstone of protecting biodiversity is not enough, so we need to look at biodiversity in production system and forestry. We all know forest and biodiversity. For 80% of empty giant species, 75% of birds, 68% of moral species. We all know this. But we tend to forget in the general dialogue in the sort of the forest also creating jobs, well-being, wealth. It's a big business. You see the numbers. The wood demand will rise by 450 million cubic metres by 2030. And also that we are starting to build skyscraper in wood. We are starting to use this. We need to use forest also for the product they deliver to us. So can we manage for both? And if yes, how? And I will go through quickly a series of examples that show that we can do it. The usual question at the end is that why the heck are we not doing it? And to put that in the framework, if you want to manage several things in the same place, you can do it by chance or you can do it by design or you can do it without really looking at it. That's how it is. There is a compatibility continuum between production and conservation and it could be inactive. So you have forest management tools that are maintained by diversity whether it's the do not arm and you have management tools that in fact have an active view and that's managed both for production and by diversity values. And the series of examples that I will show you are always along this continuum. We should go more actively towards the right part of it but even the left part is not too bad. And the first example is certified logging concession as protected area and that's not a very new paper but by some colleagues that published in conservation biology. And they show that in fact certified concession adjacent to protected area de facto extend the protection value of the overall landscape along management of activities in the logging concession that are regulated by the protected area. So it's a win-win situation. Why is it not more the case? I don't know. A few years ago or so more than a few years ago we wrote this book with some colleagues Life After Logging in Borne because there was this big belief that if you look over a forest then everything is gone and that may be true if you do a clear cutting but if you are in the tropics where you cut a few or less than a few timber species per hectare there is still a lot of forest left and there is still a lot of biodiversity there is a huge value of this log over forest and they should be given more attention than they are now if we really want to mainstream biodiversity and you have this paper in nature that the title says all. A log forest in Borne is better than no forest at all. Then another interesting case is the timber the brasil nut is a very important commodity in this case it is in Peru and if it is a big tree the brasil nut tree is a huge tree the timber tree also and the law says that you have a concession for brasil nut and concession for logging and you cannot do logging in the brasil nut concession you cannot harvest brasil nut in the logging concession but then looking at that so that there were more timber coming out of the brasil nut concession and the logging concession and of course logging is linked with canopy damage you can damage the canopy you get less nuts but science shows also that if you have an intensity of 1.2 a commercial timber tree per hectare the fruit production of brasil nut is altered so if you look at the two things it's okay maybe we should reduce the logging intensity in the logging concession to be adequate for brasil nut concession and we should allow logging in the brasil nut concession to the extent that it doesn't impair the brasil nut against managing for timber and biodiversity plantation is a big story and it's going to be an even bigger story I mean a sort of plantation could be something like on the left monoclonal eucalyps plantation or on the right multidiverse agroforestry system and both are good plantation represents about 7% of the total forested or wooded area but they produce something like 30% of the timber and fiber so if you want to have more timber and fiber maybe we should allocate some place for intensively managed plantation but it should not be the sort of the initial reflection or reaction I want to offset my carbon emissions so I'm going to plant 20 billion trees this has to be taught through and plantation should also be designed to mainstream biodiversity and production another interesting example is the community forested concession in patent and this you have the quote from this these are concessions that were given to communities more than 25 years ago and that were renewed and that show that you can harvest non-tiber forest product you can be FSC certified you can make some money by selling a Duma organic timber you can send your kids to school you can build facilities and it works and forests are still there and these forests are in a better shape than the protected area nearby and that brings us to the importance of indigenous land for maintenance or for biodiversity and you see this quote on the paper that was published in 2019 where indigenous managed land have equal or higher biodiversity than protected areas where people have been the steward of the land for a long time and under a reasonable condition and where they give the right to exercise their use generally speaking they naturally maintain biodiversity at the same time as using for production and an example that is this one a glimpse of what will be presented later the report that Thomas was talking about is this cork cork is very important especially for French and Italian that's why you put a bottle of wine and plastic and that on work as well as the cork one and how do you combine biodiversity job economic return and bioeconomy and this is a very good example you have a lot of people depending on this cork industry in the Mediterranean you have also some emblematic protected energy species that depend on this area and you have also a large respect for very high tech development like the installation of deep deep-spire rockets from fire and ice so this is a good example of where you can also mainstream biodiversity so what were the basic tenets of all this I mean it requires a proper enabling environment and legal framework if the law tells you that you should not cut or you shouldn't do anything then it's not helping if the law doesn't tell you anything then it's not helping either so laws should be designed with an encompassing view of we want to both conserve sustainable use and equitably share the benefits of biodiversity just the motor of the CBD which should be the case most of the country are signatory parties of the CBD there should be optimization at various scale and not try to have maximization so you don't try to have the maximum amount of wood you try to have the optimal amount of wood that allow you at the same time to keep the optimal amount of biodiversity and to improve the livelihood of the people on the optimal amount and of course because we are living in an economic world this should be based on the net present value of the most valuable product so your most valuable product is great apes this is your center point if your most valuable product is cork cork is your center point and of course you have to consider the variable possible interaction I mean there is no free lunch so it's all about tradeoffs so things could be independent whatever you do in biodiversity is independent to whatever you do in production could be competitive or could be complementary and if you have this all in place then it's not impossible and then we should do it thank you very much thank you very much indeed Robert and I love the fact that you discussed your presentation with your mum and she gave you guidance as mothers tend to do in helping you frame your remarks for us today and you took us through a variety of scenarios there but you explained what we need to do the framework and the enabling environment is key and I like the fact that you talk about tradeoffs and it's not even in this mercantile and growth obsessed world that we have everyone has gone growth, growth, growth GDP, GDP, GDP but it's optimal not maximum, not maximum so thank you very much indeed so we heard earlier and you hinted at it as well we heard from Thomas Hofer earlier that we're going to get the key findings from the assessment on biodiversity mainstreaming in forestry and we have the forestry officer from the forest management team Faw who is here to present those findings he's Kenichi Shono who will discuss and take us through this assessment on biodiversity mainstreaming in forestry conducted by Faw and C4 so this is going to be some really good crunchy numbered assessment which we can then build on in the panel discussion which will take place afterwards so Kenichi it's over to you now, where are you he's now put his jacket on so he's ready to rumble look forward to hearing what you have to say thank you Henry for the introduction Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen once again very good morning to you all I'm very happy to be here this morning to be able to share with you the key findings from assessment on biodiversity mainstreaming which was conducted in partnership between FAO, C4 and Ecraft we'll also be launching the publication at the end of my presentation so I wanted to next please I wanted to start my presentation by providing some background that provides context to the need for this assessment we move the slides okay yes but yeah I think these points have been covered by the previous speakers already so I will move on to the next slide next please okay okay looking at the distribution of global forest by management objectives 18% of all forests is legally protected and managed for conservation however a much larger 30% is managed for production of timber and known wood forest products furthermore much of the remaining 52% is in fact used for various productive purposes even though it may be under multiple use management or they may actually not have any designated objective but they are in fact being used by people for production as shown by many research results well managed production forest can support significant biodiversity values and provide valuable ecosystem services while generating income which is very important what this tells us is that sustainable management of forests that are managed for production rather than for conservation as the primary purpose has a critical role in biodiversity conservation okay the process for this assessment started in 2020 at Cofo 25 where the member countries made a specific recommendation a request for FAO to conduct this assessment so shortly after Cofo together with C4 we initiated a two year process to address this recommendation which included extensive literature review expert interviews consultations commissioning of country case studies peer reviews and so on and we share the preliminary findings at the World Forestry Congress in May this year and we are now ready to officially launch the findings and the publication so this study aimed to address four objectives first to assess the state of biodiversity mainstreaming in the forest sector second take stock of existing concepts and tools for integrating biodiversity forest management third review the range of policy instruments that beyond legal protection can enhance biodiversity conservation and fourth recommend actions to advance biodiversity mainstreaming in the forest sector so I just wanted to quickly share the definition of biodiversity mainstreaming that we adopted for this study so that hopefully Robert's mom can also understand this so what this means in the forest sector is mainstreaming forest biodiversity in forest management in forestry involves prioritising forest policies plans, programs, projects investments and field practices that have a positive impact on biodiversity at the ecosystem species and genetic levels so with this definition in mind let us go into the key findings from assessment in this study we first looked at the policy aspect and found that there is a strong basis for sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity in various forest policy strategies and these include the national biodiversity strategies and action plans in the countries and the seas as well as the various global and national commitments to restoration we then examined available approaches and instruments in biodiversity mainstreaming in the forest sector and found also that a wide variety of approaches and instruments are being used in various different combinations under different contexts in different regions and countries with regards to approaches there are mainly two approaches the first approach focuses on spatial planning which basically aims to design land use patterns that optimise the flow of desired set of ecosystem services at the landscape level and in discussing this issue the spatial approach we also examined the land sparing versus sharing approaches and discuss which approach might work better in certain context so that's also described in the report the second approach focuses on species typically targeting those species that are threatened by human activities migratory species species causing human wildlife conflict invasive species over abundant native species and species of economy value that are being harvested moving on to the instruments first we have the regulatory instruments in the form of quarters, permits and licenses that regulate how forests are managed and how forests are harvested in almost all countries there are also legal provisions for environmental protection and species conservation that place restrictions on activities that have negative environmental or ecological impacts economic instruments which often works together with regulatory instruments are also an important tool in biodiversity mainstreaming these include taxis, subsidies grants that provide economic incentives for people to manage forest sustainably and responsibly when we talk about economic instruments we must also recognise the presence of perverse incentives which counters our efforts to promote sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for example subsidies for agricultural inputs or forest conversion can encourage further expansion of agricultural lands at the expense of forests in addition market based instruments are also playing an increasingly important role in fostering positive change in forest management various payment for ecosystem services schemes most commonly for climate change mitigation as well as water regulation can provide economic incentives for forest management practices that result in net positive biodiversity outcomes forest certification is another important market instruments which can provide and ensure access to forest products coming from forests that are being managed legally and responsibly okay participatory forest management so various forms of community based people based forest management has been in practice for decades and this form of forest management offers opportunities to provide biodiversity benefits by putting people at the centre of decision making and implementation of forest management as mentioned in Robert's speech regarding indigenous managed lands and their effectiveness in conservation of biodiversity finally support to knowledge and capacity development also a critical aspect generation of data and information and facilitating their use in informed decision making as well as capacity building in sustainable forest management at all levels these are all keys to biodiversity mainstreaming efforts in forestry however despite the availability of all these various tools and approaches forest and biodiversity continue to be lost and this study identified five major barriers and threats that contribute to the situation I'm sure you are all aware of these issues first there's the continuing deforestation second illegal forest activities under lane by poor forest governance low profile conservation outside protected areas which means that biodiversity is not given adequate consideration in the management of forests that are outside the protected areas and lastly no insufficient capacity to plan and implement as well as monitor sustainable forest management this also hampers efforts to improve biodiversity and forest management and lastly lack of meaningful engagement of indigenous peoples and local communities which results in unsustainable impacts of interventions diving closer to the ground we then assessed and identified concrete forest management measures that can enhance biodiversity outcomes at the level of forest management unit so what can forest managers do to improve biodiversity outcomes in managed forest first there's the need to assess and manage risks of forest operations to biodiversity before operations take place and high conservation value or HCV assessment can often provide a useful framework for this by assessing and managing risks especially in the context of tropical forest management establishing and managing set aside areas of natural forest ideally representing all forest ecosystem types present in the forest management unit is another effective way of conserving biodiversity in managed forest and this is also part of a regulatory requirement in many countries protecting critical biodiversity resources such as sea trees or trees, deadwood nesting sites, feeding sites etc is also another important measure and lastly, sustainable management of timber resources is also a critical issue especially in the tropics where there's a limited number of commercial timber species that are selectively harvested from natural forest and these commercial species are often sparsely distributed and selectively removing individuals of good form and good quality this is often unsustainable because there's not enough regeneration to replace trees that have been lost or harvested known with forest products including plants and wildlife these often play an important role in regional and local economies as well as for subsistence but their harvest is mostly unregulated and unmonitored however this practice can have significant impact on biodiversity and such practice needs to be regulated to ensure sustainability we also need to pay attention to sustainable management of forest genetic resources especially given the ecological impacts of the changing climate invasive species which has been mentioned before this is another key driver of biodiversity loss so forest managers do need to pay attention to the management and control of invasive species as well finally forest under management needs to be protected from illegal and unauthorized activities including poaching of timber wildlife as well as encroachment so based on these assessment findings we came up with recommendations 11 recommendations that we considered to be the most urgent and impactful priorities to consider in facilitating biodiversity mainstreaming in the forest sector these include halting and reversing deforestation combating illegal and unregulated forest activities recognising the forest tenure of indigenous peoples and local communities preventing conversion of natural forest into monospecific plantations ensuring sustainable management of harvested species including timber species and known wood forest product species managing invasive and overabandoned native species leveraging the global momentum that we have on ecosystem restoration enhanced biodiversity adopting a multi-sectoral perspective and working across sectors providing economic incentives for biodiversity positive actions on the ground facilitating market based instruments and supporting knowledge and capacity development so as Thomas mentioned during the panel discussion we will be discussing how we can move forward in implementing some of these recommendations on the ground so we look forward hearing your thoughts and ideas on that so with this I'm very happy to announce the launching of our publication which is hopefully alive I'm not sure I haven't checked so hopefully it is online and so on behalf of FAOC4 and all the co-authors I'd like to thank our partner organisations, case study authors experts consulted during the process as well as all the people involved in reviewing, editing, designing and laying out the publication so thanks very much to everyone who has been involved, this has been a very much a collective collective effort and so thanks once again Konichi, thank you very much indeed very comprehensive two years of hard work as mandated by the 25th and now we see the results I'm going to try and use the recommendations the toolkit that you've provided for us in the next part of this session and please I believe that your document is now live, it's not moribond it's breathing and living and we can we can use it which is fantastic some excellent rich content now officially published and it will enable us to carry things forward in a very systemic way with the background that you've given us so now let's proceed with our panel discussion which is going to focus on the way forward and try and see how we can implement some of these recommendations that Konichi Shona has just presented to us. Let me invite the panellists to come to the podium or to the platform. So they are Ms Jamal and a Clichover from the Convention of Biological Diversity Secretariat which is based I believe in Canada, is that right? Please welcome up on stage.  Also Mr Vincent Gitz from C4 please come up on stage. Mr Tony is a vendor of Ventre from the International Model Forest Network Secretariat also in Canada Mr Kaba Orgesa Dinsa from the Government of Ethiopia the federal government of Ethiopia and Mr Tetsuo Tanimoto from the Government of Japan who I think I met the other day at the plenary so thank you very much and for those participants joining us online we invite you to post any comments or questions that you have in the chat now. We'll try if we can to address some of those as they occur and perhaps if we get the time take one or two comments or contributions from the floor but please don't worry if we don't get to them we will save them and consider them in the future planning of our work so thank you very much indeed panellys. Where are we going to start? Okay well let's start off with the Convention of Biological Diversity and a click cover can update us on the discussions leading to CBD COP 15 and how the post 2020 biodiversity framework is shaping up so over to you hopefully it's working yes good morning yes it works so good morning everyone so the participants who woke up so early and also the participants online it's a great pleasure in honour to me for me to be part of this panel discussion and I'm also very excited to be part of this discussion because of the topic we are discussing today how to mainstream biodiversity into forest sector and why it is important for us for the Convention on Biological Diversity because it opens up the discussion of mainstreaming biodiversity in a broader agricultural sector not only in the forest sector and because we are just three months before the adoption of the post 2020 global biodiversity framework so and I would take it for granted that everyone in this room knows what the future global biodiversity framework is and well this is a successor framework from the biodiversity plan and it's 20 IG targets which were completed in 2020 so and it took almost it's still ongoing process of negotiations and it's been three years now of intensive negotiation process where three months before the finish line of adoption but really just to see what is the what is shaping now the current draft of the future global biodiversity framework I think what is important is to take a quick glimpse of what we have learned from the previous biodiversity framework so it was also a 10 years framework and what we have achieved and I would like to mention only two main observation and what we have learned what the world has learned from the implementation of this framework so the true true observation, true lessons learned the first of all that we should not really treat all the goals you know in isolated way in the linear way so all the goals and everything should be interconnected so and it's which should come as all pieces of one puzzle so it sounds beautiful but that adds the complexity to the negotiations and the second which is more of a technical nature is that the countries need to agree on the protocol for the monitoring so the monitoring means that we need to agree what should be the indicators, what should be the baselines the country will be measuring their progress because one of the reason why so many Aichi targets were either partially achieved or not achieved it's just simply one of the reasons simply because we could not collect in a systematic way the stories from the countries so in all the good cases what was already happening in the countries so we could not really collect it we could not analyze it and bring it to the regional and global level so with these two lessons learned in mind so the countries embarked on the negotiation process for the future global biodiversity framework so the countries have established the open ended working group it already met four times the countries are already working on the second or even the third iteration of the draft and I would like to thank FAO and also the members of collaborative partnership and forest for providing technical input and assistance to the countries during the ongoing negotiations so that was very appreciated so what is now in the current draft what do we see in the current draft of the global biodiversity framework so where is the forest in this current draft so even if the forest is not maybe that explicitly mentioned so far as it was in the Aichi targets but still we can say that the forest is everywhere because it's really the formulation of the target goes by ecosystem so it mentioned the ecosystem including the forest and since I mentioned this one principle which the countries are applying now for the discussion of the future biodiversity targets the interconnectedness of all the targets so I wouldn't make a justice if I only would single out few targets which are currently under the negotiations but I would like to mention of course that we cannot protect the forest and to have the sustainable forest management without the biodiversity inclusive special planning so that's the target one the draft target one of the biodiversity framework so we cannot achieve system cannot protect forest without restoration that's the draft target too protected areas how do we manage well and how do we ensure the connectivity among the protected areas so we just were hearing in the previous presentation this is a striking numbers that sometimes you have more species abundance outside of the protected areas so the reason why is because sometimes they're not so well connected so we're talking about invasive species how to manage invasive species so the countries are they want to mitigate the impact of the climate change and biodiversity which the forest is also is one of the ecosystem which is really suffering a lot so and talking about the forestry as a part of the agricultural system under the sustainable management so if we really go across all currently 22 targets which are now under negotiations in the global biodiversity framework so but there are also targets which would work as a leverage so the means of implementation and they are also very important for protecting forest and sustainable forest management so I'm talking about the reforming or redirecting harmful incentives I'm talking about the capacity building I'm talking about the knowledge management including traditional and indigenous knowledge resource mobilisation so it's really if you just pull away one target so this whole puzzle would not come together so and that's the complexity which adds so much complexity to the negotiations and really now a very quick on the timeline just as I said it's where three months before the adoption so the fourth meeting in Nairobi concluded with a recommendation to establish the technical group the technical group met last week and they really managed to streamline the text of the draft of global biodiversity framework so and this will come as a recommendation to the fifth and the final meeting of the open-ended working group so and no more details but what I would like to say in my final remarks that the success of the implementation of the future global biodiversity framework is not only on how well we formulate it as much as we wanted the global target but when it really comes to the implementation at the country level that's where the success lies how to bring this publication a nice publication coming from the knowledge to the planning and then to the practice so I really looking forward to this discussion today very good thank you very much and a click over thank you very much indeed so your I mean I'm an athletics fan so when you mention finish line I can see vividly what you mean but sometimes when you're in a marathon you hit the wall at mile 22 and so between mile 22 and mile 26 you go through pain you go through hell I think that's what you're going through at the moment in trying to get agreement on these 22 targets for the framework but hopefully it will be achieved in the next three months so thank you very much indeed and now I'm going to invite Mr Ventre to who is representing the international model forest network to share with us their experience in integrating biodiversity conservation and forest management among their model forest sites I like the idea of model forest sites across the world so over to Mr Ventre thank you Mr Bosl whoops can we swap microphones that one seems to be hello yes yes yes thank you Mr Bosl good morning everyone and for hearing the whole and those from old places and times around the world dear colleagues it's a great honour for me to be in this very important and prestigious forum to represent the international model forest network and to do soon a session that deals with one of the issues that is closer to the heart of our network let me briefly introduce ourselves the international model forest network was born in 1992 thanks to the government of Canada which immediately understood the importance of putting together three fundamental principles to get the objective set by the real conference that very same year off the ground landscapes partnership and sustainability bringing them together in the territories and thanks to the local communities the network grows today involving over 60 model forest in more than 30 countries and over 70 million hectares going to the topic of this session I want to focus on the tools that we can adopt so that the action identified by international and national strategies can become active awareness for the population that have to implement them on each individual territory how can move how can we move beyond words and plans into action the treats to biodiversity are undoubtedly complex in their dimensions but even more so are the action to reduce their impact especially in relation to the need to implement them in a balanced and harmonious manner with respect to the needs of human communities we know that never before in the history of mankind have we had at our disposal so many tools of knowledge provided by science and technology from the great work of countless research institutes and scientists around the world but we are at the same time aware that this knowledge must be supplemented with often ancestral knowledge given by local communities and even more so by indigenous people who are able in many cases to maintain the biodiversity of their territories thanks to humans equal approach to our surroundings for some years now the urban population has outnumbered the rural population this is an often underestimated obstacle even with respect to the ability to implement biodiversity friendly strategies simply because it increases this distance between human communities and the natural environment and decreases the time needed for both to understand what can we do and what can we learn from the IMFN 30 years of experiences in over 60 mother forests are too many to say now I would like to share with you only some examples that balance conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity and these seeds of change happen at both very large and very small scales as does all type of change in a landscape for example India, Codagw Mother Forest revived more than 1,200 hectares sacred grove sites that were losing their physical social, cultural and religious significance Dominican Republic Colinas Bahas Mother Forest brought together local stakeholders the government and the mining company to extend the successful forest landscape restoration initiative and establish as biological corridor between two protected areas Canada, eastern Ontario Mother Forest have also an instrument in the defined forest areas of high conservation value within a timber production landscape in our Mediterranean region for in Croatia Mother Forest of Istria truffles are among the region's most valuable no timber forest product and providing a living income from approximately 1,000 families Bolivia, Cikitano Mother Forest with an area of approximately 20 million hectares is a unique dry tropical forest with an extraordinary rich natural diversity and through the Mother Forest the district initiated and participatory process to promote the creation of a protected area on a municipal land the Convention on Biological Diversity recommends ecosystem approach to guide the forests in conservation by diversity both born in 1992 Mother Forest stakeholders commit to developing, testing and sharing tools and approaches to managing landscapes in a sustainable manner through an ecosystem actions beyond the words with thanks to our hosts collaboration between the AMFAN and FAO began in 1999 when FAO Asia Pacific Regional Office led on establishment of the first Mother Forest in that region with the assistance of the Government of Japan 23 years ago AMFAN and FAO were together forging a path FAO Forest and the AMFAN secretariat recently formally extended their collaboration to 2024 new areas of work are emerging together on the UN on ecosystem restoration including forest based ecosystem disaster risk reduction thanks once again to the general support of the Government of Japan and the international union for the conservation of nature in conclusion as AMFAN we could be pleased to celebrate our 30th anniversary by looking at the great work done in these three decades in many parts of the world but in reality we are aware that the seriousness of the situation we find our service it requires all of us to increase our efforts tenfold and learn from the past so that in the future we can have the possibility of a planet still inhabited of our species thank you very much Mr Wontre is it Wontre or Ventre? Ventre, Ventre, Ventre Wontre is the French for stomach stomach no no thank you very much it's great to hear about the history and the individual success stories in India and Dominican Republic and Canada, Bolivia etc but that's really encouraging happy 30th birthday as well now Mr Tanimoto from the Government of Japan and people think when they think of Japan they tend to think of the big urban centres don't they like Tokyo Yokohama etc but of course Japan does have forests as I heard from you the other day in the plenary a very detailed plan for the management and conservation of forests and now we're going to hear about your experience in biodiversity mainstreaming the Government of Japan's approaches successes challenges and we want to hear about future opportunities as well so Mr Tanimoto please over to you thank you thank you for introducing me Mr Bones and good morning everyone so good afternoon good evening online participants I'm Tanimoto from the International Forestry Corporation Office Forestry Agency Japan and thank you for giving me this excellent opportunity to share and briefly introduce effort to mainstreaming biodiversity conservation in forest management in Japan my intervention will touch on three points first I will an overview of conservation of biodiversity in forest management in national forest and challenges of biodiversity conservation and second I will introduce the Akaya Forest Initiative as an example of biodiversity conservation in cooperation with local residents finally in my concluding remarks I will talk about the way forward let me begin my mentioning that 67% of the total land area of Japan is forest with a diverse number of ecosystem ranging ranging from sub-tropical to temperate in a very carbon negative way so while managing forest it is important to maintain and demonstrate the multiple functions of forests such as land-slide prevention and water conservation particularly in national forest where large areas of forests deep in the mountains are crucial for biodiversity conservation we have designated we have designated about 1 million hectare of primary forest as protected forest protected forests are managed to maintain the national environment protect wildlife and genetic resources conduct academic research and so on in this way we are mainstreaming biodiversity into forest management practices however there are challenges for one thing there are improperly managed planted forests if sinning of planted forests is not conducted the right level the forest floor is becoming low so there will be no undergrowth and the demonstration of expected multiple function of forests including biodiversity conservation will be in danger now I would like to introduce an example of biodiversity conservation through sustainable forest management in cooperation with local residents there are 10,000 hectare of the national forest called Akaya forest near the center of Japanese archipelago three parties the council of local residents the nature conservation association and the forestry agency play a central role in effort to restore biodiversity and create sustainable local communities what is remarkable is that our management system has golden eagles as the conservation target species they are they are at the top of ecosystem and indicator of forest biodiversity richness specifically we deliver it to the local community specifically we deliberately set up the clear cut area then select about 4 hectares in order to create a hunting ground for golden eagles as a result we observe hunting behavior around the clear cut area and increasing breeding clear cutting and loss of forest cover generally seen as a negative impact on biodiversity but in this case by improving the habitat of the golden eagle it leads to conserving and enriching wildlife diversity the case of Akaya is a good example of our effort to emphasize the conservation of biodiversity in national forest but it is also unique in that it is an initiative in cooperation with local residents and nature conservation organization going forward we will continue to promote initiatives similar to the one of Akaya that will expand the method of biodiversity conservation in cooperation with local stakeholders thank you for your attention Tanemoto thank you very much indeed for that very comprehensive assessment of Japan's experience and did you mention the golden eagle I think an iconic bird a predatory bird a raptor feared quite rightly but of course to be treasured and it's wonderful that that beautiful bird of prey is being respected and protected and hopefully will flourish in Japan and iconic and what you do with that bird you can do with other species as well now let's move from Japan to East Africa to the horn of Africa and indeed to Ethiopia I'm going to call on Mr Urgesa from the government of Ethiopia to share with us his country's experience in biodiversity mainstreaming as well as perspectives going forward sir over to you thank you very much the moderator thank you also for the organizers for having me here today to speak on this important topic of mainstreaming biodiversity into forest management I think my assignment is actually to tell you about what is approaches, successes, challenges lessons learned way forward when we have to talk about mainstreaming biodiversity into the Ethiopian forest management just to start with Ethiopia with total land area of 1.13 million square kilometer that spans over a wide range of altitudes from 110 meters below sea level to over 4600 meters above sea level the wide altitudinal coverage caused the diverse climates, topography and swell Ethiopia has diverse ecosystem located in different highlands mid altitudes lowlands and diverse biological diversities however it is diversity and ecosystem resources are highly returned by different factors which is very common I think to all of us and that is common to Ethiopia as well this call for biodiversity mainstreaming into development objectives or planning the approach used to mainstream the biodiversity to forest management of Ethiopia includes policy and legal framework forest sector conservation and management national biodiversity strategy and action plan that enhance the actual in situ and access to conservation of forest biodiversity sustainable land management approach climate resilient green economy initiatives grows and transformation plans participatory forest management red plus strategy incentives and the Ethiopia forest sector development programs of course and lately the green legacy which I think yesterday or day before yesterday I've presented in the plenary implementing these approaches Ethiopia have succeeded in having better achievement from PFM piloting obtained higher return from Ren Forest Alliance certification of semi forest coffee by granting farmers a better price biodiversity conservation was also very effective through the community seed bank national biodiversity and action plan was made part of the national plan by planning commission I think this is actually very important everybody when any sector ministry is planning they have to consider biodiversity to be mainstream in their planning this is a directive from the national planning commission otherwise you may you plan may not be get approved so there is also better support from the policy makers by making repeated awareness creation are among the few to be mentioned the member of parliament are really very very active in actually mainstreaming these plants into this biodiversity into everybody's plan while implementing all these approaches and achieving all these successes there are also challenges I mentioned actually the major ones these are low commitment from the stakeholders to scale up participatory forest management low progress in institutionalizing it as well conflicting interest among sectors policy and decision makers focus on short term results limited financial resources lack of clear ownership especially on the community owned forest absence of clear benefit sharing mechanisms lack of affordable technologies unpredicted extreme climate event and lack of well organized data are some of these to be mentioned major challenges in addition to what has been mentioned in previous presentations through all these process there are lessons learned to mention some of them the practices learned from different projects have laid foundation for possible scale up importance of monitoring the success regularly especially in community ownership importance of coordinated action achieving higher impacts overlapping institutional mandates which leads to unsatisfactory results at the learning points actually and the need for effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism for tracing impacts to conclude my presentation the moderator as a way forward Ethiopia needs to enhance effective commitment and low enforcement toward this mainstreaming biodiversity into forest management apply effective land use policy maintain balance between internal and external fund mobilization need coordinated action to achieve higher impact development of sustainable commercial forestry and to have legally binding instruments monitoring and evaluation mechanisms as well still more awareness creation to policy makers who sometimes focus more on short term gains in local community on the actual benefits of the forestry and its contribution to biodiversity and finally we need to continue with our green legacy so that we can expand forest we can enrich our forest we can maintain our diversity thank you very much Mr Okiza thank you very much indeed thank you very much for that presentation giving us a perspective of the government of Ethiopia I'm encouraged by the fact that ministers know that their plans may not be approved unless they consider the impact on biodiversity that's a very powerful signal and I take what you said about all the other challenges which Mr Kenishi also mentioned in his presentation at the country level that's important to hear now finally I invite Mr Vincent Gitz from C4 to reflect on these interventions you may want to reflect live on what you've just heard and also your thoughts on how we move forward in implementing some of the recommendations we've heard over the past hour because we want to advance sustainable conservation of biodiversity in managed forests so over to you Mr Vincent Gitz thank you Henry and I think today both from the presentation and the panellists we have a lot of food for thought from that and also from the study of course we did with FAO I know the centrality of governance of the involvement of all concerns stakeholders and I think we heard from Tony Venture in fact the international model forest network is model governance even more than model forest and that makes the need for these decisions are these governance level actions to be grounded on a lot of knowledge knowledge sharing and knowledge transmission and to a certain extent the 18% of protected areas to protect biodiversity area protection and reserves are some form of a simple measure you define the area you protect the area this concept the forest the way it is and for effectiveness you don't necessarily know a lot of things of what's going on in the forest acquisition functioning and so on so it's kind of left on Robert's diagram the measure on the left more passive and implementation of control is challenging but at least in theory it's simple now mainstreaming biodiversity in through forest management and through forest management require much more knowledge on what is the baseline for management what is the baseline of biodiversity what needs to be taken care of such as habitats and conservation targets in the forest for instance as Mr has explained what impact each intervention has on the forest and by diversity what are the good practices to reduce these impacts and how to measure impact and yes Jamal mentioned the challenges to develop a monitoring framework for the CBD but it's also much more difficult to control and monitor management and practices as compared for instance to just protected areas so practices cannot be really fully controlled and this is especially true when you consider the breadth, the diversity of actors that are part knowingly or not of what we call forest management of course there are foresters, hunters but the gathers, the indigenous peoples population and increasingly outsiders I think we've seen and as part of the FDA programme we've made some studies on the impact of the lockdowns due to COVID on wildlife and this has revealed in mirror of how simple the mere presence of people in forests can have huge impact at the same time you need people in forests to ensure proper management including managing research as fires so one of the things I think really we need the engagements of actors the awareness of the importance their awareness of the importance of biodiversity their awareness of the impacts of what they are doing on biodiversity in a simple way and then okay care and knowing what they can do about that and be able to act and be enabled for this I think one of the points to highlight is the importance of education training and information and capacity building and just to conclude three areas that I think can provide considerable opportunities for mainstream biodiversity forest management and amongst forest stakeholders first restoration and the huge potential in secondary forests I mean from the 52% of forests that are either not protected or not just managed for timber this is a huge area how to keep these forests as forests maybe or agro forests I think the example of Ethiopia is a very important one second a recent study that we see for a craft conducted with FAO as part of the roadmap for innovative forest technologies in the Asia and the Pacific region has shown that innovative technologies have huge potential for monitoring forest biodiversity and share knowledge I mean even devise to monitor sound within forests continuously and so on and second I think and last sorry biodiversity as a key role to play for forest resilience Robert has mentioned that and for adaptation to climate change and I think integrating forests and their biodiversity in adaptation strategies and plans can at the same time raise awareness and facilitate measure and implementation and this is why to conclude to finish C4A craft with a range of partners we are launching also a big platform that is called Trees Adapt that will provide sort of a one stop shop to facilitate the implementation of measures to mainstream biodiversity in forestry and by doing so we can bridge the roles of forest and trees for adaptation so knowledge, tools and making it as simple as it is as just simple area protection wonderful, nicely concluded thank you very much to Mr Gitz from C4 now we are fast approaching 945 and I know we are going to lose our interpreters at 945 but I still think it would be worth trying to get one or two questions or comments from the floor before we move into the final phase of this session and we will hear a final remark from Mr Thomas Hofer but do we have a comment or a question, a bit of feedback briefly before, ah yes Sir, could you put your microphone on tell us who you are and your brief comment or question we have a microphone for you thank you very much for the good presentations by the introduction speakers and the panel afterwards in order to to make my question would give a brief introduction we are doing in Latin America and the Caribbean in our FEO office besides working on the normal forestry themes we are also working on issues related to vulnerable species, invasive species and the management of protected areas now working with those protected areas so very much linked with the different agency working on conservation that has searched from their side but also a new issue which I'm not quite sure if it's the right translation in English but it's something like the other effective measures of conservation based on areas what does it mean so it means that the people working on the conservation side are also starting to look outside their protected areas so I think something very interesting is happening that both forestry is starting to think about more biodiversity in their managed forest in sector is also thinking about working outside the protected areas so my question is is it not logical at this stage that the different sectors like forestry and conservation but also the different agencies like FEO, UNEP, OECN should start to colourate a lot more on these kind of issues okay thank you very much who would like to respond briefly to that miss Anaklithoba yes I think it is let me start quickly on responding to that question so yes we need collaboration we need joint thinking since that's the we are in the beginning of the paradigm shift here that we are having the areas of our interest starting to expand and overlap so which is a good trend what we see so and what I think is important now is that all of us the agencies with the different expertise and with the different mentalities the conservation which was before versus of management so that probably the time when we have to bring two camps together on the certain areas of where extended interest start overlapping and that's a big area where we should be working like starting right now very good thank you very much and do we have one more question or comment yes gentlemen right in the middle there you have a microphone thank you yes please thank you and since I'm going to be negotiating in the CBD at the end of the year this is really timely information so this is excellent also the background information the scientific information we should be using Mr Kanishi Shono said at the beginning mentioned payments for ecosystem services which is an old topic but if you want to see action you have to follow the money so I hear a lot of movement in the swiss voluntary market voluntary carbon market in the direction of biodiversity credits expanding that to nature credits and so I just wondered if C4Ecraft FAO have some engagement already in this area thank you to you Mr Witt do you have any engagement we don't because we think it's something that really needs to be worked out at this stage making biodiversity instruments as simple as the carbon instrument we don't want the carbon instrument to rule everything that can be done about forest and environment so this is a challenge that we are really able to we really willing to contribute to yes thank you I did say that was the last but Madam there apparently did have a hand up and I didn't see so could we get the microphone you have to do some a little kipchogi running did you see him in the marathon the other day in Berlin world record fantastic you know I love my athletics yes Madam thank you thank you very much so I thank the FAO Le Cifor for the study to realize my question is on among the recommendations he told us to regulate the culture of the pefnet we have non-linear forest products we have managed to regulate the culture of the woodwork by forest management we have quantified and we have all the statistics in terms of pefnet we have not yet realized the advantages I would like to know how we are going to proceed by the regulation of the culture of these forest products and non-linear thank you if I understood you correctly how do we proceed when it comes to regulating these forest products is that essentially what you said if you are nodding would you like to respond to that one do you want to respond I can but also I'm sure that Robert would have a lot to do Robert you respond microphone and you may have to speak in French because I don't believe that there is any interpretation I'm finished so I'm going to learn in French the problem of forest products non-linear and in particular in the Congo basin is the diversity of wood, commercial species it is known from England the forest products non-linear it is a question a little more complicated and it is complicated in terms of inventory because if what you are looking for is the fruit of a species you have to find the species if it is the beef if it is a racine so there is a whole classification several works on it the only way to make inventories that are relatively efficient and not too expensive is to make multi-source inventories at the same time that we make the inventory for forest management if you have to make an inventory again then it is too expensive so you have to choose a limited number of non-linear forest products the most important to those of chance to be exploited over exploited or commercialised and focus on these products at the same time that we make the forest inventory with the problems of technology so it is more really the problems of work but if we try to make a complete inventory etc. so we end up to be a little like the Danai to try to fill their tunnels we end up crying so it is better to limit a small number of non-linear forest products that are either established on the market or we think and combine that with the forest management inventories ok and not everybody here is a French speaker and I think the interpretation may have stopped in 30 seconds what did that mean in English in English I mean a sort of because there are so many of NTFPs you cannot get an inventory that is for all so you have to select which one you think are important in one place then you have to run the inventory of your NTFP at the same time as your timber inventory so that you don't duplicate cost and ultimately that is the only way you can be efficient in doing inventory of NTFP in a context of production forest thank you very much indeed I appreciate that contribution right ok I think we on this panel have finished so thank you very much to our panellists our final contribution is going to be brief I think so we can stay in our seats and let me invite Mr Thomas Hofer who started us off back to the podium and to remind you Mr Hofer is senior forestry officer at Faw leading the forest biodiversity and restoration team just to offer your reflections on the discussion and to throw us forward where do we go from here thank you thank you so much thank you for this excellent panelist panellist I try to summarise what we heard you know in six maybe HECO message I will try but it's very difficult because it was very rich discussion the first message is it's again a wake up call we have you know from the study but also from what we heard from the panellists and from Kennych's presentation and from the keynote from Robert so a wake up call for action the second take home message I think we have unpacked a little bit what means biodiversity mainstreaming in forests and I think it's clear it is reflecting or considering biodiversity in any other activity related to sustainable forest management but it's a little bit more we also heard about connectivity which has also to do with biodiversity mainstreaming we heard about policy coherence across different policies is part of biodiversity mainstreaming and finally forests by diversity mainstreaming should not be there in isolation because forests are part of a landscape so that's the second take home message the third is about mainstreaming by diversity does not mean protection alone in protected areas it's in protected areas but maybe even more important in production landscapes so we are talking about conservation through sustainable use or in other words we need a win-win situation on one hand for forests by diversity but also for the communities depending on biodiversity benefit sharing and so on the fourth take home message is about the study which has a diversity of recommendations and these recommendations they are available for implementation now and it's not just available I think we all have a responsibility to use them and to implement them the fifth take home message we have heard that the global development framework is extremely conducive to do that we heard from Jamal the last hurdles which are being taken to agree on the post 2020 by diversity framework and the different targets which are of relevance to forests by diversity but we also know that we have the decade on ecosystem restoration we have the decade on family farming we have the SDG so I think the development framework today is extremely conducive to actually implement what this study is about and the sixth take home message is quickly what FAO is now doing we are as you know and that was discussed yesterday we are implementing the strategy on mainstreaming by diversity across agriculture sectors and the plenary yesterday we had an update where we are with this within this framework we are developing now together with a lot of partners and with countries a global program forest by diversity mainstream so to contribute to this strategy with a forestry entry point and to do that we are planning to have a number of global components which are capacity building which are sharing of lessons learned but more importantly a national level to support countries who are interested in really implementing a package of activities coming out of the study so this is just to tell you that we are working on this because for us this study as we said is a start and not an end I would like to thank all contributors once again who have worked on this study I don't want to it's C4 aircraft it's the countries who have provided case studies it's many others but I would like to particularly thank Songids and Alexander Maybeck from C4 aircraft and my colleague Kenny Chishono who have orchestrated the development of this study in a very very participatory very skilled way over these two years so this is and I don't know Henry can you allow me for one more minute? Yes I can a quick announcement which is still related to biodiversity forest by diversity but which brings us into the urban environments because Tony I think you mentioned specifically you know the dimension of urban environments we have and the importance of biodiversity in there so urban forests and trees are key components of sustainable urban development providing a wide range of ecosystem goods and services in 2018 FAO and its partners organized the first edition of the World Forum on Urban Forests in Mantua, Italy with over 700 participants from 70 countries and we all know that since then the urban forest agenda has increased tremendously through different initiatives. Now I am pleased to announce officially today that the second edition of the World Forum on Urban Forests will take place in Washington DC more or less a year from now 16 to 20 of October next year with the overall theme greener healthier and happier cities for all. The aim of the forum is to highlight the contribution of urban forests and trees to economic development, environmental justice, improved social cohesion, ecosystem restoration and increased public awareness and this forum is being organized with a very broad stakeholder partnership by FAO, the Arbor Day Foundation the US Forest Service the City of Washington the Politecnico di Milano Italian Society of Civic Culture and Forest Ecology the International Society of Arboriculture and the Smithsonian Institution. If you want to know more about this forum, your man is there, Simone Borellis is there so contact him if you want to know more about this. So that's to conclude thank you very much and let's work together on implementing what we have worked on and what is in this publication on mainstreaming forest by diversity. Thank you all, thank you very much. That was beautifully summarized, Thomas. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you very much to our panellists. Thank you very much for being here and I wish you a fruitful rest of day. Let's take this energy and the spirit forward. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you panel. Very good, thank you.