The challenge of the Yukon. One king, one new skin. The Wonder Dog King's swiftest and strongest of Eskimo lead dogs blazes the trail through storm and snow for Sergeant Preston as he meets the challenge of the Yukon. Sergeant Preston was typical of the small band of northwest-mounted police who preserved law and order in the new northwest country where the greed for wealth and power led to frequent violence and bloodshed. But in spite of the odds against them, Sergeant Preston and his Wonder Dog King met that challenge and justice ruled triumphant. Someone had named him Bombie Bill.  It was said that before he took the job of sweeping out the silver dollar bar for his room and board he'd been a successful prospector but he got lost once in a Yukon Blizzard for two weeks and that was when his mind went blank. The summer sun had melted the last of the snow in Selkirk and the door of the bar stood open. Some men seated at the table noticed Bombie Bill leaning against the open door staring out into the afternoon sunshine. Hey, look at old Bombie Bill. What's wrong with him? Looks as if he's crying. Yeah, look, tears running down his face. Bill, Bill. You calling me? Yeah. What's the matter with you? Got something in your eye? No, nothing's in my eye. You feel bad about something, Bill? Yes. Yeah. Oh, what's wrong with you? My dog. It's Barnaby. What's wrong with him? Hey, hey, he's gone. He run away? Barnaby was run away? He died. Oh, that's too bad. But Bill, Barnaby was such an old dog he could hardly walk. He lived a good, long life. He shouldn't feel so bad. But he was all mine. I could pet him, talk to him, he followed me around. You shouldn't get another dog, Bill.   Mm-hmm. Yes, that would be fine. A little pup that I could pet. A soft little pup. Yeah, I gotta get back to the bank, Jed. You coming? Yeah.  It'd be all mine. You shouldn't have mentioned a puppy to Bill. I won't be happy till he gets one. I can't help it if he's happy or not. Maybe somebody will get him one if he keeps asking. Oh, uh, how about a game tonight? You gonna play? Thought you lost enough last night to cure you for a while. Look who's talking. You lost plenty yourself. I sure did. I'm flat broke. No, I can't play tonight. Well, luck isn't gonna be bad all the time. It's boundary change. I'll bet we could get our money back tonight if we played. What are you gonna play with? Pebbles? We could, uh, borrow some, maybe. What do you mean? Just the tours in the bank. Nobody would know if we took some money out of it. Just temporarily, I mean. The old man will be back in three days. He'll find out when he balances the books. We'll have it back by then. In our own money, too. I feel lucky tonight, Jed. What do you say? This might be the time when we could really clean up. Sure. Sure it might. Are you with me? Yeah. Yeah, I'll do it, Pete. Sure. Sergeant Preston of the Northwest Mounted Police rode into the town of Selkirk. His lead dog, King, ran ahead of the horse.  Sam was just coming out. Oh, hello. Hello. How about you, King? Hello there, Sam. Well, Sergeant Preston. I haven't seen you in Coon's age. Come on in. Thanks, steady fella. Any news since I saw you last? Yeah, there's been an increase in the family. Bessie had two pups. Well, good for Bessie. Where are they? I've got her back here in the woodshed. I'm just taking dinner tour. Come on. No, King, you stay here. Bessie's the best sister dog I ever saw that she wouldn't like to have you around those pups. Go back, fella. Where's your partner, Sam? Jim's in town getting ready to leave. I'm buying his share of our claim. Show him back to California. He's been anxious to get back for a long time, hasn't he? Yeah. We're giving a big farewell party for him tonight at the Silver Dollar. You'll be here for it, won't you? Well, yes. I'm planning to be in town several days. Jim's leaving tomorrow morning. Now, hold your horses, old girl. I know you're hungry. Here, Sergeant Preston, to look at your youngins.  Close the door, Sergeant. All right, Sam. Now, those are fine pups, Sam. Yeah, they sure are. I don't think there's anything cuter than a man of new pup. Just a little ball of fur. Give me a little bit. Oh, this one's a beauty. Old Bess doesn't seem to mind my picking him up. Bessie loves the world, and she sure the world loves her. Best nature dog you ever saw. I'm putting in a bid for one of these pups right now, Sam. They'll make fine sled dogs someday.  I have to keep this door shut. Those pups are getting so lively, they'd run away if I gave them half a chance, even if they are only three weeks old. Can I do anything for you in town, Sam? I'll go in with you, if you'll wait a minute. Sure. I've got to get the money to pay Jim. Being Saturday, the bank closes early. Jim's catching the boat tomorrow. Has he got a good deal on it? He bought him out for $5,000. Well, fair enough. Now, if you'll just wait a minute, Sergeant, I'll be right with you. What are we going to do? It is Saturday. We've got to get that money back in this bank somehow. Well, there's no use crying about it. We've got to figure out how we're going to cover a $3,000 shortage. Quite, quite here comes someone. Hello, Pete. How are you, Sam? What can I do for you? I want to draw $5,000 out of my account. Want it all in cash? Yep. I'm buying Jim out, you know. Ain't him in cash. He's leaving tomorrow, isn't he? Yeah. You and Jetta come to the party tonight, ain't you? Sure thing. We'll be there. Wouldn't miss it for the world. I guess I'd better put the money in the bag for you, Sam. You can have this one. $1,000 in gold in each of these little sacks. We'll put them all in this big one. Well, thanks, Pete. That'll be fine. Here's the cash. I hope that deal works out for you, Sam. Yeah, my claim is a good one. Jim and I are both satisfied. Yeah? Yeah, you are, Sam. I'll say it is. That's a lot of cash. I gave it a check. Right. See you tonight, boys. Party starts at about 8. Fine, Sam. Hello, Bill. Well, it ain't barmy, Bill. How are you, Bill? I wonder if you got that puppy yet. Puppy? What puppy? The little soft puppy for me to have. The one that was going to be on mine. Go on, get out. I haven't time to... Oh, wait a minute, wait a minute. Maybe I will get you a puppy. You will? Oh, good. Will he be a little one, the soft one that I... Yeah, yeah, any kind you want. But you'll have to do something for me first. Oh, I will, I will, anything. What color will he be? Any color. Don't you tell anybody, will you? No, not if you say I shouldn't. You come back here after the bank closes and I'll tell you what you have to do. All right, Pete. I'll come back. Puppy. Then it'll be soft and I can move my arms to set. Jed, got an idea. What do you want to tell Bobby Bill that for? You know you can't get him up there. Bill's going to get us out of our jam. Bill? You're crazier than he is. Same, Blake just went out of here with $5,000 cash. Yeah? Once when I helped him bring some gold from his cabin to the bank, I saw where he kept it. There's a trap door under his wood box. Pete, if you mean we're going to steal it. Oh, no. I'm taking old chances. Listen, we won't take a chance. We'll let Bobby Bill do it, Bill. I'll tell him where it is and why we're at the party tonight he can get it. We'll have perfect alibis. We'll be with Sam all the time. He'll never suspect us. I'll tell him to go straight to Ridge Rock and wait for us all night. But Pete, he's liable to tell somebody. Oh, yes. What do you mean? Bobby Bill is going to slip off the ridge. Accidentally, the stream at the bottom will carry him off. But Pete, that's murder. Would you rather go to jail? We've got to get that money bank in the bank by Monday. Nobody cares about Bill. He's half dead anyway. But, Pete, quiet, quiet. Somebody's coming in. Yep, it is just like pizza. Every bank includes a trap door. I'll go to Ridge Rock and wait until tomorrow. And then I'll have my puppy, my soft one. It's a dog. I'll go back here somewhere. Hey, you see the woodshed? Two of them. They're a little and soft. They just fit in my pockets. I'd have three of them. And they'd all love me. They'd be mine. Come on. You're coming with me to Ridge Rock and then I'll get another one. See, Sergeant Preston, Jim and I didn't even notice that the wood box had been moved till this morning when we started to get breakfast. Did anyone know the money was there, Sam? Pete Tracey at the bank knew I got it yesterday. But he was at the party with us till it broke up. And he was there when we got to the silver dollar last night. Where's Jim? He went out to feed Bessie. She was raising the roof out there for a breakfast. So he took it out to her. Sam! Sam! Oh, hello, Sergeant Preston. Hello, Jim. Say, Bessie's pups have been stolen too. The pups? Yeah, that's what she's raising that about. Did you let her out of the shed? No, she's still in there. That probably makes sense. But maybe the thief who took the gold took the pups too. If I ever catch them... Come on, Sam. What are you going to do? We're going to let Bessie out of that wood shed and follow her. She'll take us to her pups and maybe your money will be with them. No, don't cry like that. You're hungry, I'll bet. If Pete will come soon, then I'll take you home and feed you. Why, it's your mother. It's Bill. Bill, what are you doing up here? Well, hello, Sergeant Preston. Hello, Sam. I'm glad you brought the puppy's mother. They were hungry. I'm waiting for Pete and I couldn't feed them because I didn't bring any food. Pete, why are you waiting for him? He's going to bring me a puppy. Then I'll have three. I found these in a wood shed. Bill, what's in that bag beside you? I don't know, but it's all for heavy. Pete's going to give me a little soft puppy for getting it for him. He ought to be here now. Sam, take Bessie and those pups and hide them. Sure thing. Here, King, stay with me, fella. Hello. I'm going to hide behind that big rock there. Now don't tell Pete we're here. But maybe he won't give me the puppy. You do as Sergeant Preston says and I'll give you a better puppy than Pete will give you. You will? All right then, I won't tell. We should have got here sooner, Pete. Maybe he didn't wait. We had to be seen in town so no one would suspect us. There's the crazy old coot sitting back against that rock. Hello, Bill. Did you get it? Yes, I found the bag. Here it is. Did you bring my puppy? Yes, the money all right. Here, take a jet. All right. Where's the puppy? Bill, does every look over the edge here down to the stream? No, I don't like to look down there. It's too far down. It makes me feel funny. Come over here. I'll hold on to you. You won't fall. No, no I won't. No, yes you will. Now you will do as I tell you to. Stop, please don't. I don't want to fall. Get him! Get him! Get him for that dog! No! Get away! Get him! He tried to push me over the cliff and he didn't bring the puppy.  You planned murder, too. That dog of yours saved Paul Bill from going over that cliff, Sergeant. Phew, I'm still weak. Hand over that bag, Jed. Get it, Sam. I didn't want to murder him. It was Pete's idea. You're both under arrest. They didn't bring the puppy. Now go on, get the pup spiel. You can help Bessie take him home. And when she's ready to give them up, one of them is yours and the other belongs to Sergeant Preston. Oh, good. And then I can carry them home. Sam, that was awfully nice of you. Now you two get going. Watch them, King. These copyrighted dramas originated in the studios of WXYZ Detroit, and all characters, names, places, and incidents used are fictitious. They are sent to you each week at the same time. This is Don Callan speaking. This is the Michigan Radio Network.


All right, welcome back. It's still the breakfast on Plus TV Africa. When we introduced the show, we told you that today is April the first and the Lagos State Government actually has appealed for understanding, you know, let me just give you a bit of an intro. The Lagos State Government has judged the people of the state, especially the residents of Lecky and Ikoi to show understanding over the proposed reopening of the Lecky Ikoi Linn Bridge Toe Plaza by the Lecky Concession Company Limited. The appeal was made by Lagos State Commissioner for Reinformation and Strategy, Bingo Motosho and his counterpart in transport, as well as home affairs, that is Dr. Fredericks Oladende and Prince Anofi Aligushi, respectively, during a stakeholders meeting on Wednesday. Now, they have showed the residents of Lagos that the government would look into all the requests and recommendations made by the stakeholders and would respond adequately. Now, the stakeholders meeting was held to engage key residents on the plan of the LCC to open the Lecky Ikoi Linn Bridge that is today, and it was attended by key stakeholders, including the President of the Lecky Estates Resident Association, Uluru Gwon James Emadwe, human rights activist, journalist and resident. Now, some of the speakers had expressed their views about the plan to reopen the Toe Plaza and the state government to halt the process for now. We're now being joined by our correspondent, and Paul George, who is live at the Toe Plaza to bring us up to speed as regards what's going on as we speak. Good morning to you, Paul. Thanks for joining us on the breakfast. Good morning, Japanese. All right, can you tell us exactly what is going on around you concerning the reopening of the Toe Plaza? So far, has it been reopened? Okay, right now, we are at the Lecky M2 Bridge. Do you want to leave to Ikoi? I'm actually on the Ikoi Bridge. And when it looks like April 4th is actually real, it's not April 4th. Now that we've got here, when we started filming, then Emad came out and he said he's the MD of Lecky Concentration Company Limited. I spoke to him, and he said, we shouldn't go clear over the space. That's the reason we're building that odd duty that we have. We are mandated by the constitution to report that we are not thinking of anybody's right. We can't, but we can't better ask them to go to the place. Then we have to let them know that this is our job, judging their own duties. The security men are here. The police and the robberies and their men are here. So when we move and the instructions to the police to turn on the camera, we're shooting. So they all think the camera is dirty, but that is as we've seen and in fact that has been corrected from here. And that's the situation right now. Hello, Philip. Okay, fine. Hello, the camera. Hello, Phillips. Okay, fine. So verbally you're telling us that they are not allowing journalists to do their constitutional job at the token, but have you been able to speak to a resident along that corridor? What's the pose that you're feeling at this particular time? I can hear you clearly, please, can you repeat that? Have you been able to speak to some of the residents around them, the like, equally, access? What are the feedbacks you're getting from residents around that area? No, no, we've not been able to speak to anyone. That's what they're doing, basically it's just running on the streets or on the tracks that it says everybody must get because it can pass through this building. And that's the situation right now. I've got my thing here. All right. So Paul, George, are you saying that the tolling has actually started? They're collecting fees as we speak right now? Well, if the fees that they're collecting is electronic fees, you know, I guess they have to move away fees.  There's two, if you don't have that speaker, you can't pass through this building, actually, please. Would it be fair to say that this is a test run for the reopening? Would it be fair to say that this is a test run for the reopening? Please, I can't hear you, can you hear me? One message asked, what's going on right now? Is it like a test run for the reopening of the toll gate? Paul, if you can hear us, you said that they are not doing cash hand-to-hand collection, they are doing it electronically. So message is asking if it is a test run, if so to speak. Even though I'm telling you, but let me just tell you something, one we met with the one demand call that we wanted to address it, and he said that they are doing it as funding that they are not starting collecting fees. But I've learned from you that it is an electronic fee collection, that's what they're doing. OK. So prior to this time, we had feelers and reports that some residents of Leckie would actually be out protesting. Do you have a group of peasants out there protesting the reopening of the toll gate? Right now, there are no more protesters around. We are the only peasants here. And some other generally, some other people out there. So that's the situation. All right. Thank you so much, Paul, Georgia, for that particular report. Just try and stay safe or we'll be getting back to you in the course of the show. And then, of course, subsequent bulletins to find out exactly what's going on at the field. I do appreciate your time. All right. Thank you so much. All right, Messe, it is actually very interesting what's going on there. I don't know why they are giving or pushing out staff measures for journalists who just want to ordinarily just do their job. Why are they not allowing us work? Well, it's a practice that's been going on for a lot of time, for well-known. If you look at it every time you want to have a protest, you have people, Nigerians coming out to the street to protest against a certain policy, government policy or action. And then they have been greeted by this obstacle where you have the instrument of government also used against them. At this point, we're talking about the police and the brutality. And so in the course of this job, we've gotten several reports where journalists had been manhandled and all of that. I remember we speaking with him off camera just before we got on air. He talked about the fact that he's not very settled. And that's the reason we're unable to even have a virtual interaction at this point in time. Well, it's really, really saddening because if we still talk about our democracy and we are saying that we need to move forward as a country, then you want to talk about free press and the freedom of the press. But how free is the press in Nigeria? We constantly see all of this. We're unable to have the major reason. Yeah, the major reason we're able to have that face-to-face interaction via Zoom, it's because of the situation on ground. And all we're asking, it just becomes very difficult and it becomes very, very saddening. But it is what it is. We can only pray, as always, and hope that one day we will get it right. We are staying with the development at the Leci Toget, who just spoke with our correspondent, Paul George, who said that a lot is going on there and the press is not being allowed to do their job. And a whole lot is actually happening on Twitter. Nigerians are reacting to lots of people airing their views concerning that even the police has come out to say that breakdown of law and all that will not be tolerated. The Leci Langlotz Association, they've actually given their position concerning that they are saying that the Leci Toget should actually be abolished. Specifically, the Leci Estate, Restaurant and Stakeholders Association Chairman announced the decision of our restaurant, which is no to polling. It is really quite very funny. Most Nigerians are saying that this is one of the first things that they are doing as opening the Toget when there were major concerns raised during the NSAS and protest, the talk of police brutality, which is still ongoing, even after the NSAS protest has died down, year after Nigerians are still being harassed on the streets. So why are they so quick to want to open the Leci Toget and Nigerians up? Tweeter is just a boss with the Leci Toget and hashtag. So, apart from the hashtag answers, I mean, justice for the victims of the NSAS, we already understand the position of the government around that, the fact that people are one of the requests that there has to be justice for the victim of NSAS. But there are a lot of issues that these justice for victim of hashtag answers has actually opened us back to the issue of the legality, the fact that GD Johnson talked about it. GD Johnson also talked about why we have a Toget, you know, in the state. And some people are talking, why do you have to tow people who are still in legal state and then you're totally lucky to equal your, those who have to get from. So you leave in this axis, getting out to, going to Ikeja, you'll probably have to pay a toll when you're in the same state. Now, if you remember, the federal high court in Lagos at the time had recently, there was a judgment that was recently put out that time questioning and talking about the fact that, you know, the toll link bridge, the Ike'i and Lakitu link bridges are unconstitutional. At some point, there was some securing of state of execution to that state of execution. That's to say that, you know, it should be made clear. So there are a lot of issues, the legality of the toll itself. The argument that some people have put out is that, oh, where were the residents?  But let's even go back to the idea of government and governance and so what's the essence? So the people get into a contract. It's a social contract. Government is a social contract. People will pay their taxes in a ton, and then you provide, you know, basic infrastructure and road is one of them. So that's number one. There's a lot of questioning going on as regards the rationale behind having a toll in the city of Lagos, that's on the one hand. Another question again is also the issue of ownership. People have constantly questioned who owns because there's no transparency who owns the LCC. And, you know, it's also another issue that's your ongoing. Well, really, really sad. You have some quarters saying that there's been some settlement has gone on. But like I mentioned, it has really gone beyond justice for the victim of SARS, the hashtag answers protest as it were. It goes beyond that a lot of issues have been, you know, raised as regards. This is actually, you know, like an opener to all these other concerns. Like we mentioned earlier on the pending court matters, you have the issue of ownership and transparency. You also want to look at the issue of development. Some persons have questioned what development the Lagos state government has brought to this part, you know, of Lagos state. There are no general hospitals. You don't have primary schools. You don't have, you know, markets. And so why are the people having to pay extra tax? Because that's what it means. Tolling the people, I mean the tollgate will mean the people are paying extra, apart from the tax that they are paying. So people are already asking, and this is what government and governance is about. We're talking about the social contract, yeah. Where government says, we will do X, Y, Z. In turn, you expect us to do X, Y, Z. So we'll provide basic amenities and infrastructure. You will give us your rights. So the people who have submitted their will and say, hey, government, take a group of persons we submit our will to, you will pay our taxes. And in turn, we're expected to do X, Y, Z. So this is a very valid issue. And in a democratic dispensatory, one would expect that the government should not use, you know, the sticker approach, but you know, this is a form where people need to sit back. It's almost an election year.  But most times, it feels like we're always very, you know, forceful. We want to have our way against others. I'm hoping that the Lagos State government will pay attention to the cries of, you know, Nigerians, Lagosians here, to some of the concerns that they have raised. And then let's look at it. So what's really the answer? If the government has, you know, an answer to some of these issues that have been raised, let them. So it goes beyond saying, we're asking for justice for, you know, the victims of the leaky incident that happened in 2020. So that's what it is. And we're hoping that as a responsive government, they will pay attention. It's not a time for us to begin to, you know, get into that conflict and war. And then the police coming out to see people should not protest. But from the reports that we're getting is, this feels like it's a test run, you know, to the actual thing that would definitely happen, maybe trying to see, you know, what it is. But the people are asking, why do we even have to pay extra when we're already paying our taxes? And what do we get in turn for paying this extra? Who even owns this, you know, the fees that we're generating from the toll? And all of that. Let's also look at the issue. You also look at the fact that productive time is also being wasted at that point. You talk about the traffic, the traffic. Now, if you live around this axis, you want to agree with me that when you get to the agile axis, that's the VGC point around that road. So there's a construction that's going on. And that also causes a lot of traffic. Coupled with the fact that when these petrol stations, the queue return from time to time, you'll find this queue returning. It causes a lot of traffic. And productive time has also been reduced. When you have an economy that is not productive, I mean, for instance, you're supposed to be somewhere and you can't get to work where you're supposed to be. You're already losing productive hours. And an economy that's losing productivity, productive time, you know, will become less productive. So it costs for a lot. We're already wasting money via wasting time and wasting manpower. And that's not really good for us. So let's come to a table and have this dialogue and understand the conscience of the people. And that's what government is. If you talk about the policy cycle, you know, in the policy cycle, the people would actually make, you know, this impute into the policy cycle. It comes out as outputs. Government should pay attention to it. But most times, if one of the policies do not reflect the interests of the people, and whose interests do we have all of these tools for? It's a question. So the toll is it for the interests of the people? And would government begin to say, because if you look at the roads that we already have, let's not even forget, these were roads that were constructed during the military, you know, era of the government. How come they did not? These are federal roads. How come we don't have, you know, tolls on these roads? I don't know if you're getting the point. So it's really, really sad. We need to understand that our policies and our actions and actions should be reflecting the interests of the people. There should be no disconnect at this point in time. Nigerians are going through a lot. I always say that I feel like being a Nigerian, you should be, there should be some or some of allowance and salaries that should be set aside just because you're a Nigerian. Not to even talk about legals. A special consideration should be given to a Nigerian. All right, that's all we can take on all of that. That's as much as we can take because the more we talk about it, it gets very, very emotional because at the end of the day, Nigerians are, you know, I feel we are being exploited. We pay for taxes. The commensurated infrastructure will similarly not really get in and we are even asked to pay more. Or leave it at that or leave this question at that, but let's just continue to make reasonable conversation across the very social media platform. Let's make our voices and our intentions, of course, known. So the government will know that we know what is right and we will keep on demanding for justice and ensure that we get what is due to us as Nigerians as a resident.  We will be looking at what is next for the Nigerian Football Federation. Nigeria out here is not going to Qatar. What's happening? Eguavon has stepped aside as the coach of the super egos. So just what is next for Nigeria Football Federation? In the moment, we'll be getting some, you know, answers to all of these questions. Stay with us.


Let me tell y'all I was already having a great day today was such a phenomenal day for me personally my own personal life But this news it made it that much better because the Baltimore Ravens are Activating Keaton Mitchell to their active roster again because we know Keaton Mitchell He originally made the 53 man roster as a Undrafted rookie free agent at the running back position on top of that like with Keaton Mitchell I First signed him. I didn't know anything about him I was naive to him, but so many Ravens fans are like, no, hey, this dude can play this dude can ball This dude will make the Baltimore Ravens roster so many Ravens fans told me that and I would be like, okay I'll get the excitement but chill out relax But then I saw for myself and I said, oh, oh, this is what they were talking Oh, I get it now and then I was like, oh, yeah He has to make the Ravens 53 man roster They got to figure this thing out even though the Baltimore Ravens had a log jam at the running back position because they had a JK Dobbins they had a Gus Edwards. They had a Justice Hill They had a Melvin Gordon and they still had Keaton Mitchell. So I was like, ooh, I know the Baltimore Ravens JK Dobbins and Gus Edwards were obviously gonna make it figure Justice Hill will make it but Melvin Gordon I was like, mmm, I know that they love their veteran running backs And they would love to have a guy like Melvin Gordon who has been productive throughout his career Yeah, he had the fumbling issues and whatnot, but for the most part he's been productive in his career So I was thinking ooh and then to have him versus undrafted I just I don't know man, and he made it Keaton Mitchell made it over Melvin Gordon Melvin Gordon made the practice squad Keaton Mitchell made the active roster So then the Baltimore Ravens put him on Endure Reserve and I said, oh, no, are they doing a stash? Are they stashing him or are they gonna actually keep him around? But where we had hope at was the fact that they let him make the active roster first and then put him on Endure Reserve Because the way that they did it it gave him hope in returning Sometime later on this season, which is now so he's back now Something that we talked about and we've been talking about for when this day would come and now is here is Expectations and let's try to have realistic expectations with Keaton Mitchell 12 carries for a 250 no, but Keaton Mitchell, I would expect him to get some carries I really would because you got Gus Edwards He gonna get his you got Justice Hill he gonna get his but we've seen it already the Baltimore Ravens Those two are gonna get their carries, but we've seen Kenyan Drake be involved in the game We've seen Melvin Gordon get involved in the game So I would definitely expect Keaton Mitchell to get a few carries here and there Because the Baltimore Ravens have done this thing where they share the wealth where the running backs all get their Opportunities at making some plays.  He won't drop the ball anymore, but we hope no Ravens will drop the ball That's in that's Lamar Jackson Justice here. Just everybody no more fumbles. No, we don't need no more fumbles at all but anyway Quiquit Mitchell, I think it is realistic to expect him to get maybe like five to seven carries in tomorrow's game and Depending on the conditions of the game it could possibly be more depending on if the Ravens are running the ball like that a lot So we'll see what type of game plan that they have tomorrow against those Titans now It's been said by a lot of Ravens fans a lot of Raven media a lot of Ravens reporters that this is the healthiest that the Baltimore Ravens have been all Season 52 out of 53 players on the active roster Participated in practice in full in full only person who didn't participate in practice was a doubt fair way But he's already been ruled out for this game, but everybody else practice in full and that is beautiful to hear That's wonderful news. I love it. We all love it But something to keep in mind is that even though 52 out of 53 people on the active roster they practice in full Ravens still ain't in full strength yet. I know that right Ravens still ain't in full strength yet Now with Marcus Williams, we talked about it earlier this week We felt like he he's still pretty banged up like really banged up and almost felt like maybe he should sit depending on How he is, but hopefully this week he'll be a lot healthier He'll be a lot more that that arm won't just be sitting at dangling like it was last week with Odell Beckham, Jr He's another one. I felt like he just wasn't himself. He didn't really look good to me And then when that in that favor I verse Joey Porter, Jr. It was ugly. It was a big nasty So hopefully he'll be better. He'll be more active. He'll be more loose He'll be quicker. He'll just be a lot better but We don't even have a tie is Bowser Ty I cannot let people forget about Tyus Bowser because he's still around He's still around. He's not on the active roster yet, but he's still around David a job old They ain't got him right now either and again. He's on in reserve too. So He could come back if the rehab goes right I got my doubts on it But if the rehab goes right if it goes better than expected with his knee and his ankle issues Then he could be back later on this season, too So while the Baltimore Ravens are as healthy as they've been all year They still got a lot more people that they could get back but the fact that This this will be I thought I was gonna be last week, but Morgan Moses tricked me But this is the week that Lamar Jackson will have his starting offensive line back for the first time all together since week one everybody Ronnie Stanley John Simpson Tyler Linderbaum Kevin Zitler and Morgan Moses Morgan Moses is expected to make his return to the lineup Tomorrow morning against the Titans. So that is very much needed. It's very much Even though even with the starters offensive line still been rough But it's better to have the starters than the backups because the starters they the starters for a reason and they practice together They jail together and hopefully they really start clicking and hopefully this whole offense starts clicking in my opinion The Baltimore Ravens could win tomorrow and that will be great And we hope that they win tomorrow obviously But in my opinion for the Baltimore Ravens really to get their confidence back and for them really to show like a We're rolling right now.  You got no reason to do that my friends. No reason this in my opinion This should be a blowout blowout Just the same way that y'all got done the last time y'all was in England and London That's what needs to happen tomorrow Because if the Ravens take care of business the right way Against the Tennessee Titans like they should then they can really get back on track That they'll this is a huge game They they went over there you ain't go over there early because what they flew over there on Monday You ain't go over there on Monday just to get whooped Titans just left on Thursday So all to talk about preparation and jet lag and this and that Hey y'all y'all handle stuff a lot differently than y'all did six years ago because in 2017 they went over there I think on Thursday same time the Jaguars went this week I mean same time the the Titans went this week Ravens went over there late in the week and then they got dogged It was what 44 to six or 44 to say something. I think 44.  They need that for their fans They need that because they need a boost of confidence to really believe in themselves The Baltimore Ravens a lot of times When things are going great things are going great But the Baltimore Ravens have shown so many times throughout the years that when things fall apart when things ain't so smooth Sometimes the Ravens that's when they fall apart mentally and and they have an extra hard time picking up the pieces They have an extra hard time recovering when stuff ain't going so smooth Get that boost of confidence And this this needs to be the game where you you just take it to the Titans from start To finish Because it is well needed right now the Ravens are a very shaky team they sitting at what three and two And the winds have been against the Texans a rookie quarterback The Bengals a little banged up quarterback with still the Bengals in them the nice pieces And also against oh the Browns and a fifth round pick rookie quarterback so Your winds are I mean you can only play who's on your schedule. You cannot control anything else but Your winds have not been the most convincing, but your losses Against Gardner Minshew and he ain't bad He's a really good backup quarterback. He's a solid starter too. I'm got experience in the league But that was your you lost against him in overtime And and then you lost against Kenny pick it And his he was having a pretty ugly game throughout but then in the fourth quarter Ravens were like Kenny pick it. Hey, it's all yours, baby So your your wins have been Solid but not the most convincing your losses have been extremely questionable and frustrating So with that, who are you right now? What what kind of team are you right now? Ravens need to Start with the Titans tomorrow. They need to blow out the Titans tomorrow to really start figuring out exactly who they are


Good Thursday morning Thursday the 4th August so that's yeah day four on my own not doing too bad I'm still missing him but yeah so quick turn around the camera and share what I got up to yesterday very mind the bricks when he came at half past 10 so here we go hello cap here cap on so that's our right now one two three four five six more courses glues on top glues are currently nestled underneath my brick jacket so we've got here about 25 to eight this morning to get a good start on it just get stuck in and get it finished today hopefully and then we've just got to lose a couple of edgings to go over the copings sorry there one there and one in the end just to put back on for the cus next door so yeah should come along to one before you break out of the brick tone so I'm going to get off the van and move the van back I did have a comment about blocking the pavement so the pavement is 10 feet wide about nine and a half two four six eight about nine feet wide I'm going to go up to the slides there's still still a full width pavement for people to get past so there's no problem there yeah don't upset anybody so yeah there's a little mix on station I might need to get a bit more sign later but we'll see I've just got a half ton back from berries so let's get cracking 140 load out there board's all set hey see plencher room left on the pavement you'll get past and there's a guy can pass you from right now come tell you because my phone's over there there you go the wall's finished main body of the water it's of course lower than this one because we're having a brick and edge which is going to bring it up level with the copings we didn't want it to go higher than the copings so I'll try a brick and edge key through there I've got my bricks loaded out on my stands I've got my board ready there load some more brick out as we go paint's all nice and clean fueler two four six seven weeks ago in the main wall coming on the blues I just ran out of sun so I had me dinner once we're on the brick and edge I get the camera set back up and do a bit of filming and there it is there we go turka chelwood multis weren't really nice and of course three cartels you know us two days people one in the same boundary so if you've enjoyed this video same old thing click that like button and if you like the channel click subscribe it's always appreciated and then you've been watching bit.ly with Steve and I'm Alex and we'll see you in the next one


Hello little girls and girlettes, and welcome to another fine festivious season of the October month of Spook, hosted by your host, Edgy Chappy. Today we take a look at some of the most evil creatures to ever plague the D&D multiverse, the demons of the Abyss. I am going to talk about what makes a demon, their general livelihood, and I'll even go over the various demon lords that have made claim to the various evils of the world. As always keep in mind that a lot of this is just my opinion and my opinion as always is much more important than yours because my opinion is coming through a microphone. And just real quick I want to give a brief shout out to my new patrons this month. Isabel Vaffers, Alex, Michael Fong, Timofik, Dan Vosselman, Trainer Blue192, Alex Koksoon, Derek Schwind, Wesley. Thank you for pledging to my Patreon. I love you. Don't get possessed by demons. But with out of the way, let's begin. So demons in the context of D&D are categorized as part of the fiend monster type, and they are some of the baddest boys you could ever meet. Demons aren't the conniving, trickster imps that you might be picturing, those are devils. Instead, demons are the hulking monsters, the brutes, the beasts that show up, smash everything in sight, and smash it again to make sure it's smashed. They're arrogant and powerful, each one believing that they are the epitome of swole, and their one mindless driving purpose is to twist and desecrate the world that they're in into the deep abyss that they come from. Hell, the whole reason why they like to go into the Nine Hells isn't because of some grand gamer plot, it's because that's where the best things to punch live. The general MO of Demon is to spawn into a server and then just start griefing everything they can find. Forests will burn, houses will be blasted apart, and Minecraft girlfriends will be stolen in the night and carried off into the nether to be turned into ghasts. And that means that there is absolutely no reason for anybody to try to bring them into the material world, and what are you doing? Summoning demons? What?  You don't control demons. The most you can do is conjure up a demon and then keep yourself in a bubble that that demon has to unwrap before getting into your moist gooey center. To understand why those who can sort with demons are doomed to failure, you have to understand the distinct difference between a demon and a devil, because devils make deals. And demons only press F to pay respects, with respects being to your face and their only payment is pain. Demons live their lives, grown out of the icker of the abyss, with a pre-understood knowledge that ghost is the best band in the world, Ohio is a vacation spot, and doom is a cautionary tale of why we don't give shotguns to humans. Whether they were crafted out of bile, flies, or Lolth's own demon web, no two demons are created equal, and each one thinks that it is the most unequal as they start their diseased lives in the madness of the pits, navigating the ever-changing layers that bear a resemblance to the nonsense and pants of limbo or pandemonium until you realize that they aren't nearly as random, but they are, instead, shifted to fit the needs and whims of the mighty demon lords that rule the plains of the abyss. From there, a demon may either be summoned into the material world by an idiot, or it could simply crawl its way out of the depths of its own hell with its wild mind now stuck in a grossly clean and eerily unfamiliar territory. Its only solution is to start rending and tearing at everything, both consciously and subconsciously, warping the world to pull it closer into the abyss. This is the reason why we don't summon demons. Summoning one demon is bad, but worse is letting that demon stay in the world to fester, because once a demon is started to eat away at the barrier between the material plain and the abyss, then we're all kinds of ducked. See, the infection of an area by those with demonish influences goes like this. Whether it be summoned or brought into the material world by its own hands, or the hands of a demon lord, that demon will start poisoning the world around it like a tumor. This is phase one. Over time, the infection will spread across the area of that demon prowls, killing the houses, burning the water, and poisoning the peasants, and for the most part, this is easy to deal with. Just hire some plucky adventurers to go deal with it, and once it's dead, the natural world will do its thing and go back to the way it was. But if that demon survives for a long enough time, then that's when phase two arrives. Like a cyst, the abyssal influence will build up in the location of the demon's prowling grounds, until it eventually pops and rips open a portal to the abyss. From there, any demon that happened to be enjoying a nice fireside brunch when the portal opens up next to them can just come right through and grow the problem exponentially. Luckily, this still isn't the worst thing in the world, since the location that the portal opens up in is completely random, so it's more than likely just going to spawn in a demon's currently unused summer home, or maybe it'll just spawn so high in the air that's a pain to get to at all. Of course, if the portal is found, then the demons will start letting all the other demons know about it, because demons love going through portals. Also, the infection at this stage is still very haphazard. The demons may tell each other where the portal is, but once they're on the other side, they could give a flump about their comrades, since they have a whole new playground to piss in. And if enough of the demons are killed, then the portal will get smaller and smaller until it just blips out of existence and things go back to phase one. Now, should that portal not be dealt with, and should the demons not be killed properly so that their cooties don't spread, then that's when we have a problem. If the corruption has gone on for long enough to make it to phase three, then the material world will stop considering it an invasion and just start to accept the corruption as the new normal, which is very bad. The infection expands out rapidly, and demons start to form their own adventuring parties to go rid the world of good vibes, and the portal to the abyss becomes permanent without major magical intervention. Even if the forces of good come together and clean out the entire infected area, which I should tell you, is already a very difficult thing to do, then the area will have already been too far gone for far too long, and it will always be susceptible to another demon just finding the portal and wandering through it. But all of that is playground antics compared to a demon infestation that makes it to phase four, the final four. With the portal continuing to spam demons like an overzealous zerk player, the demonic plague will grow and grow until it eventually catches the attention of the mighty demon lords of the abyss, after the initial, oh what's this, the demon lords will either fight over the property of the mighty whole of destiny, or they may decide to be total bros and pound it one at a time. But in either case, the demon lord makes its way into the material plane and wreaks absolute havoc. His armies cascade out of the portal and march upon the poor souls that now live in fear of a demon knocking on their door asking for infernal sugar. The only hope for survival at this point rests in the hands of three to five of the pluckiest, most attitude-driven adventurers in the entire world to push back the demon lord and its armies and scatter all of the demons back from which they came. This is practically impossible to accomplish, and failure means that the demon lord, or lords, burn their existence into the very fabric of the world, and over time this material plane is terraformed into just a new layer of the infinite abyss, doomed to be forgotten by those who will never even know its name. But the demon lords themselves are the ones who call the shots and guide their spawn in a never-ending quest to attain more power and influence among the cosmos. So it should serve you well to know their names and what their whole deal is, so that you too can serve their purposes and welcome our new abyssal overlords. Boffamit, the Horned King, is the closest physical representation of the devil in Christian mythology, and he is pretty much the easiest to understand. If you serve the goat, you are good. If you do not serve the goat, you are bad, which is also good because it means that you get to be killed by the bad guys, which is very good, but bad for you. Boffamit represents the predator that hunts its prey, and so both he and his followers enjoy setting up elaborate systems in which their target will run around fruitlessly trying to get out of the bad place, never to succeed because the cage that they're in is on a treadmill, and the treadmill is full of spikes. Also, please don't mistake Boffamit, the demon lord of the hunt, with the similarly named Boffamit, the silver god of dragonkind, because they are very different, and every time someone makes that mistake, a DM loses his wings. Demogorgon, no not that one, is perhaps the strongest demon lord in terms of pure physical thickness, and his twin heads give him all the brainpower of a guy with two heads, and yet somehow his plans always just boil down to throw large amounts of demons at it until the problem goes away. His most clever feature is that anyone that gazes upon his demonic symbol are charmed to do his bidding, and his ultimate goal is to wipe out literally 100% of non-demogorgon life so that he can relax, knowing that everyone in the world is happy. Thra's Urb Blue is a demon lord so sneaky and deceptive that his name should be spelled like this. His whole deal is that he wants to make people go insane through paranoia and endless mind games, and so the only people who serve him willingly are assholes with an equal penchant for just his plant. One of my favorite demon lords is Grazit, the lord of pleasure and indulgence that is sort of opening my eyes to a pattern that may or may not definitely be there. Grazit is a trickster that breaks the mold of demonism by not just being an overwhelming force of nature that takes over lands through sheer force of will, but also being pretty much the only devil to think, you know what, devil work is dumb, and skedaddle to the other end of the blood war so that he can be debaucherous without daddy as Modi's disapproving of his lifestyle. Jubilex is the jello shot of ultimate destiny that is the ooze from which all oozes are made. Honestly, Jubilex is less of a demon lord and is more of just a really, really, really big ooze that nobody can kill or convince to leave the abyss, so they just gave him a crown which he ate and do their best not to invite him to demon parties. Orcus is the evil prince of undead that all you necromancers pay a tithe to whenever you get den bones or edlin. Honestly, he really is a benevolent creature that saw the cries of millennials screaming that they want to die and thinking, hey, I can help with that. Yinogu is the null king of voron furries and I refuse to talk about him further. Finally, Zogtmoy is the demon queen of plants and she uses these plants to make more plants and turn other people into plants and come on guys, why don't you just become a fern? Ferns are nice! Fern it up, man! Anyway, her main method of gaining followers is to infect mortals with spores that'll make them like her and then those infected mushrooms can go around and breathe on other people until everyone can see the infected mushroom in the sky and know that it is indeed your giant mushy mushy friend. But that'll about do it. I hope you enjoyed this video. Leave a like, comment, subscribe, join my discord, join my twitter. Please, please, don't summon a demon and maybe support me on Patreon so that when the demons do finally rise up gamers, I can afford all the infernal sugar they can handle. But yeah, dabby out.


Rody, when you were drafted and brought into Brooklyn, how much did you anticipate playing early on? Like it only before, I thought I would spend more of the time in the G-League, though.   You really took advantage of your opportunity, and you looked like the adjustment was smooth. What was the biggest adjustment you had to make, though, to the NBA game? To make a game? I think all these travels, maybe, and toughness.  So I had to play tougher, be stronger. And for sure, its pace of the game also is different, you know, and I think, I mean, I like it. It wasn't, like, a big change for me, but I just like it, you know, that was the biggest change for me here. And so it's a long NBA season. A lot of veterans in that locker room, what's the piece of advice one of the veterans has given you as far as getting through this season? Take care of the body, definitely, because they know that, you know, now I'm playing more minutes, you know, I have to take care of my body, be ready for the next game, you know, and also after the tough losses, they say, like, just move on, because the best thing in NBA is that we have game next day, so just have to forget it and just play. You're the first 20 games that you started, you're having about 11 points. You had to stretch for about 11 or so games, or it was about six points, where your production took a little bit of a dip. What were you experiencing during that time? I mean, it was, I played a lot, so it was maybe a little bit harder for me, because before, like, last season, I didn't play all the minutes, so maybe I think that was the problem, but then I got the rest and also breaking on, things went up again, so. You've given the team a boost lately, an average of about 13 in your last three. What's been the difference lately for you and what you've been able to provide the team with the power forward spot? I mean, it's good, you know, just playing my game, and I'm just happy to help the team again. Just doing my job, you know, like what coach want from me, you know, some rebounds and stuff like that, bringing energy to the guys and the team, and again, in the starting lineup, so that feels good too. Last thing, what does it mean to you after getting not playing that much overseas? What does it mean to you to be a part of a playoff run right now and in the mix and starting line up regular rotation? The thing is that I've never been in playoff, so for me, this season already means a lot, because we're in a playoff spot, you know, we're fighting for a playoff. I've never been in that situation, so it means a lot, you know, and of course, of course, playing a lot. A lot of men has had an NBA in the best league in the world, so it means a lot, and it's an incredible experience for me.


Let's explore how to turn projects into puzzles and how to share these files to other iPads. After you've designed a background, added stickers, made an answer key, and input info details, your project is ready to be exported as a puzzle. Puzzles cannot be edited like projects can be. It's best to export as a puzzle if you plan to have others play it and you don't want them to change anything. With your project open, click the share button at the top right corner of the screen. You will have the option to change the name of the puzzle. You also have the option to display a solution to the puzzle before puzzle play begins. Click the export button. Your project has been exported as a puzzle and appears in the puzzles list. To see the puzzles list, click my projects in the top left corner. Click save to save your project. You will want to keep the project file in case you want to make any changes to the puzzle in the future. Now click the puzzles tab. You can see your newly created puzzle in the list. Clicking the puzzle opens it and its information is displayed. Of course, you can click start to begin playing. You can share puzzle files with others. Teachers will surely want to send puzzles they make to students. Note that in order for others to be able to play the puzzle file stick around must be installed on any receiving iPads. To share a puzzle go to the puzzles list and click select. Choose a puzzle. Click the share button. If you choose via email then a new email message will appear and the puzzle will be attached. After the recipient opens the email on his or her iPad, clicking the files icon will show the open-in options and clicking stick around will copy that puzzle to the receiver's puzzle list where it can immediately be played. In addition to email, you can copy to an account on Dropbox, Webdav, or Google Drive. Clicking one of these options will prompt you to log in if you haven't already linked an account. After you've logged in, choose a folder and click export. The puzzle file is copied to that location. After you copy to Dropbox or Google Drive, it's possible to open the Dropbox or Google Drive app and copy a public link to the file. You can then paste that link online or into a QR code for others to follow or scan to download the puzzle. If you paste that link onto Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, or Google Plus, use the hashtag stick around app so that your puzzle shows up when others search for this hashtag. Note that you can unlink Dropbox, Google Drive, and Webdav accounts from the projects, puzzles, or recordings list by clicking the sources icon. If you have explained everything installed, you can copy your puzzle's background and stickers to a new project. In explain everything, you can make a screencast with the background and stickers. You can share project files in the same ways you can share puzzle files. Click the projects list and click select and choose a project. Clicking the share icon reveals the same menu of choices as we just saw for sharing puzzles. Remember, project files can be edited and puzzles cannot. Teachers should share project files with other teachers so that the recipient can make modifications before sharing with their own students. And when teachers share with students, they will probably share a puzzle file.


Welcome to Free Thoughts. I'm Trevor Burris. And I'm Aaron Powell. Joining us today is Jesse Norman, a member of British Parliament, current minister of transport, and he holds a master's in doctrine of philosophy from University College of London. He's the author of many books. His new book is Adam Smith, Father of Economics. Welcome to Free Thoughts, Jesse. Hello. Why a book or let's say another book on Adam Smith? It's not as though, I mean, there are a lot of books on Adam Smith have been written. Yes. I mean, Smith isn't quite up there with Abraham Lincoln or Winston Churchill, but there certainly have been a lot of books. And there have been some very distinguished books recently. I mean, if one goes back, there was a life by Ian Simpson Ross in the 1990s that was pretty definitive as to the facts of Smith's life. And there was a lovely book by Nick Philipson, who's just died a less on Adam Smith about 15 years ago, which is, I think, still absolutely, well, less in fact, probably a decade ago, which is absolutely still worth reading for his intellectual context. And there have been other ones. Jim Ott, your Ottison's written a book and other folks as well. James Buckin, I would say this, that all of those books are really interesting, but all too often, they, in my judgment at least, have omitted two things that I think are really important and interesting. One is, they don't really talk about Smith's current impact or potential impact on policymaking. So what is it that's alive and breathing in Smith's ideas that make him so worth studying today? And my book has, in tar, half of the book, second half of the book, is dedicated to exploring those issues, and they range, well, we can discuss them, but they are technical issues in economics, but also very fundamental features of the way capitalism has panned out and how it could be improved that come out of Smith. Then the, but the second reason also is that I think that relatively few of those books give the reader a really, a feel for how the ideas fit together and how the philosophy and the economics and Smith's astonishing ideas about social psychology, how all those things mold into one integrated body of thought. And I think it's really important to have that if you're going to understand the true depth and power of what Smith is saying. Can you tell us a bit about the intellectual climate that he grew up in? Because the Scotland of Adam Smith is, it seems like it's, it's this environment second only to like classical Athens in terms of just all of these amazing thinkers having these amazing ideas and talking to each other. Yes, I mean, you have an astonishing moment in the 18th century where there are almost two parallel enlightenments interlocking going on. You have this astonishing group of people in London, Dr. Johnson, Edmund Burke, Joshua Reynolds, David Garrick, Oliver Goldsmith and the like, many, if not all of the members of Dr. Johnson's club and they are leading revolutions of different kinds in different areas, English literature or it may be of politics or it may be of the theatre in different ways. That's all fascinating. In Scotland, you have the genius of the Scottish Enlightenment and the Scottish Enlightenment is a remarkable phenomenon because it brings it suddenly out of nowhere as it appears. You get this amazing dazzling array of thinkers, notably David Hume and Adam Smith, but also William Robertson, historian Adam Ferguson, Lord Keynes, Hutton, Black. These are all foundational figures in different areas ranging from history to English literature, you Blair chemistry, geology, all coming together. Why does that happen? And I think it comes out of a whole series of things. One is that Scotland has the world's best educational system at the time. It's got borough schools which are committed to educating a relatively large segment of the better off part of population, if you like. It's got a strong educational system at the local level. It has five universities. So the idea that may seem astonishing now, but the city of Aberdeen in northern part of Scotland had as many universities as England in the 18th century. So England has Oxford and Cambridge and Aberdeen has King's College and Mary School College and of course there's also Glasgow, St Andrews and Edinburgh and so the Scottish Enlightenment is a very intellectual and academic enlightenment. It doesn't come out of the salon as it does in France. It comes out of the universities and also it's not conditioned by a thoroughgoing revolt against religion. So the French Enlightenment, much more rationalistic in that sense, but actually many of the figures of the Scottish Enlightenment are themselves, senior members of the Church of Scotland. So what you have is a point at which Scotland's evolving economic and social strength suddenly requires explanation and a group of highly motivated, thoughtful figures emerges from the universities and from the church to interrogate these things and to think about them. And that is an astonishing moment and of course it's very small, a small number of people, they all know each other, they're all interacting with each other in a very intense conversation, intellectual debate and that again pours fire, a fuel on the flames. It seems to me that there's a commonality to some of the members of the Scottish Enlightenment, obviously human Smith who were very good friends. But overall, if you have people like Adam Ferguson and Hutchison, even someone like Thomas Reed, there's a focus on sort of emergent systems and human behavior and actually studying the way people are. If you compare it to say Descartes or anyone in the sort of rationalistic tradition, you have a much more focus on the growth and evolution of systems of knowledge of things coming from the kind of bottom up. And how does, if you agree with me on that, how does Adam Smith fit into that? Well, I think that's true. There is a Scottish focus on the here and now. You get, as it were, the origins of what used to be referred to as the common sense philosophy in Thomas Reed. You get the very naturalistic focus of a Hume and a Smith in building what they think of as a science of man without resort to external authority of the church or of the aristocracy or the like. And you have this very interesting phenomenon whereby Scotland itself is growing so fast that it's generating facts that have to be explained. Economic facts, social facts, what you might call national developmental facts, trade facts. And so there's an enormous array of things that are happening so fast that those intellectuals are engaged in explaining not many of the deep ideas, but the current phenomena. And I think that gives it a different feeling to many of those other places. In that, in the, what year was Smith born? Smith born in 1723. So that we have in the historical economic social situation at the time, where was Scotland at that point and what kind of changes did he see? I mean, you mentioned them a little bit, but also they had just unified with England, correct? So Scotland had had famines in the 1690s. It was a very heavily rural and, in some cases, peasant economy. It was very divided religiously between Presbyterianism and Catholicism to a degree and Episcopalianism. There was a strong divide between the lowland areas and the highland areas, the Gaelic speaking parts. So you have a country that's very divided. And of course you have the Jacobite rebellion, 1715, and then Jacobitism, which is the support for the Stuart monarchs in Scotland, and therefore a rejection of the Hanoverian dynasty, which had come to England. And so all of those things are bubbling up. Now, in 1707, Scotland and England come together in what is called an incorporating union. The Scottish Parliament is abolished. And although Scotland gets to keep its law courts and its educational system and its system of law, it becomes part of Great Britain with England. And crucially, Scottish merchants are open to the full force of competition with English merchants, but ultimately protected by the Navigation Acts. And the effect is predictable. The Scottish economy goes downhill in the face of the extra competition. And then in due course, it starts to benefit. And by the time of Smith's birth in 1723, it's starting to benefit. By the time Smith's growing up in 1750s, between 27 or thereabouts, the Scottish economy is really starting to motor. And it then begins a process of economic development over the next 150 years, which makes it the Asian tiger of the world. And astonishing changes and levels of industrialization and urbanization and income growth and development. And that early, those early stages of that process of what Smith is seeking to explain and to understand to the wealth of nations. When we look at his works, he kind of comes onto the map with theory of moral sentiments and then, obviously, wealth of nations is a big thing. But how did he get to there? Like, what does his career look like before he starts writing these classic texts? So Smith's life is very much that of an academic. He goes to school locally. He then goes to Glasgow University as a young man. He then goes on to Balliol College, Oxford on a scholarship. He spends most of the 1740s in Oxford. He has a horrible time. He really dislikes Balliol, which is a very high church, a Tory institution, very uninterested in the life of the mind. At the time, very expensive to live in, very anti-Scottish. It's not a good fit for Smith. And he then comes back to home, spends a few years working and living at home, trying to break through, and then eventually gives some lectures through the Patronage of Lord Cames in 1750, 51. And out of that then comes the Freshership at Glasgow. And that Glasgow becomes his base until 1763. While he's there, he writes a theory of moral sentiments. He does a lot of the early thinking on the wealth of nations. While in the 1750s, people misunderstand that. They think 17 that his wealth of nations is a completely different book and only comes in the 1770s. But actually he's thinking about it 20 years earlier. We can tell that from work that is reported at the time. And then in 1763, he goes on a grand tour of France to Toulouse and to Paris with his great patron, Duke of Bacleau, who's a young man at the time, and who's been put in his care in order to understand the world.  Scotland's biggest landowner is given Scotland's greatest philosopher and economic thinker as a tutor. And then he comes back and then very broadly speaking, he spends the rest of his life either at home in Cacoddy or laterally in Edinburgh. So it's a very quiet life, but it's a life that's very conducive to the life of the mind and the development of his ideas. When did he meet Hume? Well, we don't exactly know, but we think it's in the early 1750s. There's an apocryphal story of him being discovered in his rooms at Baleal reading Hume's, I think it's the Treaties of Human Nature, or it may be the essays. And, you know, these are regarded as wildly seditious and ultimately atheistical texts. And so he gets into some trouble with the senior common room at Baleal. But shortly after that, they meet each other and they form a very strong relationship that lasts until Hume's death in 1776. The theory of moral sentiments is often ignored. At least it wouldn't be the first answer to the trivia question that people would say, who's Adam Smith? They would say, wealth of nations before the theory of moral sentiments, which I think is unfortunate. And in your book, you discuss how these are connected. But roughly speaking, what is the theory of moral sentiments about? So the theory of moral sentiments is a work of social psychology. It's often thought of as being a work of moral philosophy. It's just not true. It's a work of psychology. The question is, in a society and as human beings interact with each other, where do their moral values and social norms come from? And Smith tries to give an account of that that's naturalistic in the sense that it doesn't rely on these external sources of authority that I described. And Smith's idea is startlingly simple and clever. And it is that essentially we get them through exchange of regard. So he thinks man is always man. Of course, at that time, that's the way they write, but says, man naturally desires not merely to love, but to be lovely. That is to be worthy of love. And so human beings essentially act in such a way as to elicit the regard or the esteem of others. Now, that would make moral behavior really a function of the conventional wisdom if it wasn't corrected by something. And so Smith has the idea of an impartial spectator, and that idea is one that corrects for the purely parochial idiosyncratic aspects of a judgment. And both of those ideas, the idea that you can bootstrap your way into social and moral values by through just through the mere fact of social interaction. That's proved to be an astonishingly influential idea. If you look at all of the way in which game theories of human behavior and norm formation now have played out. And the idea of an impartial spectator has an incredibly important effect on Kant when he comes to write about the universalizability of moral values through the idea of duty in the in his second critique and also in his other moral writings. So if morality is, so this for Smith is part of this kind of bootstrapping process of trying to become increasingly lovely. Where does the impartial spectator come from? Like what by what standard is it the impartial spectator and where do the moral standards that it uses to judge as come from if it has to be judging the bootstrap system that we're stuck in the middle of? Yes. So, so it's a great question. So the idea is not that the impartial spectator brings a set of substantive values to the picture because otherwise he does it will be helping himself. That would be, you know, the classic Deus Ex Machina type explanation. So that's that's not it. It is that what the impartial spectator does is to force the judgment, not just to pay attention to what people at that time contingently want, but as it were, what anyone in that circumstances would want. And the reason why it's a spectator is very interesting because I think the thought is that as that the person is seen to be acting a certain way, that's the spectating part, but it's also aware of being seen to act that way. And therefore you get a triadic idea of, as it were, their expectations being placed on them and their desire to satisfy those expectations. And that's what creates the norm of good behavior. And if you think now today about, for example, work that's been done on littering or graffiti and the kind of effects of social pressure and pro-social or anti-social, indeed, norm confirmation, that kind of those ideas often key off Adam Smith without realizing it. And in fact, I think of Smith as not just the father of economics, but also the father of social psychology. I've seen in some articles where people are critical of Adam Smith calling him, you know, the father of market fundamentalism or whatever you want to say, they sideline in the theory of moral sentiments, which is pretty famous. A paraphrase basically that one morning you find out that thousands of people in China died and then you also get a paper cut on your finger and you spend the whole day thinking about your paper cut more than the people in China who died. Why is it, why is that a bad characterization of what Smith is getting at in the theory of moral sentiments through that story? Yes, I understand. So Smith's point, Smith is, first of all, Smith is not a cosmopolitan. So Smith recognizes what have sometimes been described as circles of sympathy. So we have a sympathetic engagement that is to say we have an ability to understand how something strikes someone else and then to empathize with that in our own reflection, our own conduct. But he doesn't think that that creates moral obligations that are indifferent to where they are. You know, he thinks that people have a duty to care for those around them, their friends, their families, and those duties progressively erode as you go further away. And that kind of seems to fit with the psychology that many have described. Now, his point in the famous China earthquake example, which is the one you're describing, is that the sense of duty that people must have to overcome this natural psychological as it were instinct must be strong indeed if it's able to do that. And yet we do have a recognition that we owe duties, even when we may not, in fact, have those tracked by our own psychological passions and experiences. And I think that's a, in some respects, it can be quite a profound insight. And of course, the net effect of thinking about this social embedding that is created by the mere fact of human interaction is that it gives you a context for markets. So it's a corrective against the idea, which you often find particularly in caricatures of Smith, both of the right and of the left, that he's somehow a contemporary economic theorist who only thinks in terms of mathematical models without reference to human beings. The exact opposite is true. For him, a market is not something that's just defined in terms of a model, although that can be used for thinking about it. It's something that's defined in quite situated terms as a cultural artifact and therefore mediated by norms, practice, habits, traditions, and moral values and norms. And that's the connectivity, that relationship between exchange of esteem and exchange of goods and services. That's the connectivity that links the two books. You discussed, I'm really glad in your book that you, as a lawyer, that you discussed lectures on jurisprudence a bit, which comes out, well, it never comes out, we can talk about that. But he seems to be working on it in between theory of moral sentiments and the wealth of nations in the 1760s. What do we see in that, in the lectures on jurisprudence that's valuable? And also, why don't we really have them in good form? Well, it's a fascinating question. The story of the jurisprudence is a really interesting story in its own right. So, he gives the lectures in the 1750s and they must, we hypothesize, have been included in the works that he instructed his executors to burn at the time of his death. And the only reason we have them is because three, really two and a half sets of those notes as made by students of his lectures have now survived just by pure luck. Those are some really good note takers. And so, well, these lectures, well, let's not forget, there was some value to taking versus Smith's notes. And then, if not selling them or letting others use them and stuff. So, these are, you know, they're quite carefully taken notes. And therefore, you know, we get quite a good understanding of what the lectures were. And they don't always agree, but there's a lot of overlap. And the fascinating thing about that, so, first point is, what are they about? Well, they're really about property and the nature of property. And rights and injuries against property and injuries against the person. In that sense, they are very interesting from a kind of legal jurisprudential perspective. Property is the link that sits between sentiment and goods and services. Because property has rights, but it also has norms of treatment associated with it. And for Smith, property, the rights of property is dependent on the form of government. And therefore, there can never be an economics that's independent of an understanding of government. Because government is intrinsically involved in guaranteeing the status of property. And as government evolves and is progressively able to defend new kinds of property and to allow those cases to be juridically decided or otherwise arbitrated. So, capitalism or market activity, as it then is, capitalism doesn't come to the 19th century, can elaborate. So, you get a progressively evolutionary view of markets and government together that is proto-Darwinian coming out of this astonishing insight. So, then the question is, why did Smith, with this incredibly interesting and still amazingly important and relevant analysis, why did he destroy those lectures? And the reason, I think, is because ultimately, he couldn't bring them within the full panoply of the exchange mediated architecture of his overall thought. So, his thought is you get exchange of goods and services, you get exchange of morals and of esteem and regard in the creation of moral and social norms. And you get exchange of language and ideas in human communication. That's the architecture of the overall idea. Where you fit in his theory of government isn't obvious. And I think that's the reason why. And he was absolutely punctilious about not giving the world anything but a fully finished theory. And that itself, if I may just very quickly end, rests on an idea about property. So, he thinks that humans have a right to an unblemished reputation as a property right. And he's determined to assert that property right. He never says this. But I think it's not just modesty, but his desire to maintain the integrity of his own property that means he won't allow that to be undercut by a premature publication. So, I'm just curious. You mentioned that this looks, to some extent, there's some proto-Darwinian elements. Do we know if Smith had an influence on Darwin at all? Oh, yes, we do. And there's no doubt he did. Darwin was a very enthusiastic reader of Smith when he was at Cambridge. And I think it's pretty obvious that he had understood the evolutionary nature of Smith's account of human development of political economy. And indeed, I make the argument in the book that in some respects, that theory of cultural evolution isn't really anticipatory, but is in some respects part of the theory of evolution more fully considered for Darwin. In the second half of the book, as you say, you go over Smith's life and thought. And the second half we talk about its relevance to today and some of the criticisms of it, you list five myths in particular that I think are relevant to the way people think. On both sides, either he could be a boogeyman to the left or people on the right oversell him. So I'd like to talk about some of those. One of them is we kind of broach on a little bit, but this idea that there's a tension in the relationship between the theory of moral sentiments, which and the rapaciousness of the market, I'm putting that in scare quotes, of the wealth of nations. And you say that that is not true. There is no tension whatsoever. No, I think that's, I don't think there's no tension whatsoever because these are, you know, these are these are slightly different works. The focus, they're written in slightly different ways. The focus is on different topics. And, you know, I don't want to underplay the extent to which they are, I didn't think that Smith has just got one idea that he seamlessly works out across the two. But it's pretty clear, I think, that they are part of the same picture. The theory of moral sentiments, the trouble is that no one reads them individually and attends to them in any depth or very few people do, and especially a very small number of people who quote them selectively actually read them. So it's quite important to go back to what they actually say. The theory of moral sentiments is an entirely general theory of how human moral and social values get formed and the norms that, as it were, arise from them. Within the field of political economy, those norms and values have play in markets. So that, in a way, is a special example of a general moral psychological theory that's already been advanced. When Smith comes to revise the wealth of nations, he's revising the theory of moral sentiments, Parry Pasu. So these can't be works where there's a deep contradiction between the two, indeed, much of any contradiction. He sees them as an integrated body of thought and he writes them to the best of his abilities as hopefully finished works within that general overall conception. And, of course, the theory of moral sentiments is preceded by some very important work that he does and that he makes public at the time, which is designed to protect his ideas to the wealth of nations. So he says, you know, peace, easy taxes, etc. are all that is necessary for an economy to flourish. That's an attempt to lay down some of the principles of the economy so that they're understood to be his before he comes to get to that stage of the theory 20 odd years later. So I don't think there can really be much doubt that they're a single integrated whole. And when people see the theory of moral sentiments as a work about altruism or sympathy in some sense of compassion, that's because they just haven't read the book. And when they read the wealth of nations as a hymn to greed and inequality and self-interest, that's because they've ignored Smith's radical egalitarianism in much of the wealth of nations and, of course, his much richer conception of both of human well-being and of human psychology. Can you talk about that radical egalitarianism? I mean, you just sort of mentioned the other myths that he was not an advocate for naked self-interest and he was not pro-rich and all these things. But you said radical egalitarianism. I think that might surprise people. No, sure. So, I mean, Smith is not a radical thinker in the proper sense. He is not a revolutionary. He didn't support any of the radical causes, single annual parliaments, you know, universal franchise. He just doesn't, you know, he's much more small sea conservative than that. He's positively rude about utopianism and the attempt to substitute theory for, as it were, nuanced understanding of practice. He is extremely rude about the so-called man of system who uses what Burke would call a geometrical reasoning as a substitute for solid experience and an understanding of tradition and the value of history. So, in that sense, he's very definitely a small sea conservative. But if you look at his system of natural liberty, it has remarkably radical elements in it by modern years. So, it is a system in which it's not a full system, but it's a set of ideas in which there is, for example, no primogeniture. He's very opposed to that. So, they can't be passing down of large capital sums from one generation to a single individual in the next generation in order to protect them. They have to be dispersed. Markets inhibit the building up of large surpluses because they're so competitive that they can beat away all but the thinnest economically available profit. He's very much on the side of the workers in terms of the argument that they have with the masters in businesses because he thinks that masters have inbuilt advantages of power and information which make it an unequal struggle. And because he recognizes, I think it's probably fair to say, the value of people getting paid an appropriate wage for the work they do. And of course, finally, he is prepared to contemplate potentially quite onerous taxes if they are levied fairly transparently at low cost and according to the four principles of taxation that he lays out, including a land tax, which is a very radical proposal. So, when you put all that together, you can get a Smith and in general, he's a very egalitarian thinker. So, he talks about, you know, he says all for what does he say? All for ourselves and none for others has always been the vile maxim of the masters of mankind. These are not small statements. Well, the nation's republic believe the same year as the Declaration of Independence. Did he then, did he have an opinion of what was going on in America? Yes, he did. He was asked for, and he was specifically asked for his opinion in 1778. He gets invited to write a memorandum on what the government should do. The government's casting around. It's just had its head handed to it about Saratoga. Things aren't going very well. And so, Smith is asked for his advice. And his advice is a kind of little model of a good policy paper. He scouts various different options. And then he says what his preferred one is. His preferred one is an incorporating union between Britain and America. So, he responds to the idea that there is no, there should be no taxation without representation by saying yes, the Americans should have representation in the British Parliament. And he said, I don't think it's going to happen, but that's what should happen. And his, then there's that astonishing moment where he says, of course, this will mean that the seat of government transfers itself from Britain to the colonies over time. And what is so interesting now is that that perfectly captures worries about sovereignty that, you know, many people in Britain have had with regard to the EU and the Brexit arguments. You also write about how it seems that not only do people who are not very friendly to capitalism oversell how, how capitalistic, so to speak, Adam Smith was, but that people who are more on the libertarian side do the same, that Adam Smith was not a radical libertarian who wanted no government whatsoever. You mentioned the taxes. What other types of government was, was he broadly in favor of? I mean, there's a very wide range of interventions that Smith is prepared to contemplate and he may be right or he may be wrong, but the point is he is prepared to contemplate them and one can't argue from that. So just to give some examples, he talks about a cap on interest rates to discourage speculation. He thinks about separation, what he calls in the banking system in order to stop a general, a conflagration from becoming general by having, as it were, party walls in regulation. He, of course, is supports the Navigation Act, which was possibly the biggest intervention in commerce of any kind at that time. And so I don't think it's possible to hold that Smith is a laissez-faire economist in the modern sense. But what is interesting is, if you think about, go back to his idea of natural liberty, markets in the middle of the late 18th century are thickets of state and church and guild regulation. So any removal of regulation from the markets in that context is almost certainly going to be both welfare enhancing and equalizing because these laws have largely been created by the insiders to benefit them at the expense of the outsiders. So you can see why that nuanced conception of the state might lead one in a different direction today where markets are, in many cases, freer. And what's so fascinating just very quickly is that we can pull out, and I do pull out in the book, a quite an elaborate three-fold theory of crony capitalism from Smith's writings. So you have an account of rent extraction, which we've seen everywhere in the financial industry over the last few years. You have an account of principal agent problems. Well, that's, we pay these people and they run off with our money. That's CEO pay. And you have this idea of asymmetries of power and information. Well, that's the technology platforms. And if you think about one of the things that's fascinating on the social psychological side of Smith, just to pick up one final point there, is, of course, he thinks that the driver of human competitiveness in part is the social demand for status, as well as the competitive desire to better oneself economically. And that has negative effects in terms of stimulating materialism, which we recognize today. And it has demoralizing effects in stimulating social comparison of a kind that we see everywhere in many of the online platforms. So his criticism isn't just an economic one of what you might call modern developments in technology. It's also a social and psychological one. So it should be obvious to our listeners now that you think there's a tremendous amount of value in his works, not just from a historical standpoint, but, you know, stuff we can still learn today. But then what does he get wrong? Well, it's a great question. I think he gets quite a lot of things. Well, I think he gets some things wrong and there's a lot he misses out or doesn't understand. So one thing he pretty clearly gets wrong is he is an advocate of what's come to be known as the labor theory of value. And I think it's fair to say that most economists today would regard that as a quaint overhang from the past rather than an economically valuable piece of analysis. What's interesting in terms of the stuff he leaves out, he doesn't talk about technology, which, of course, is by any account a great driver of value. He doesn't really talk about innovation, which is an absolutely central feature of markets on a modern analysis. And he doesn't talk about industrialization. And what is amazing is that if you take the facts as he reflects on them and presents them and you just spool a little bit forward, Smith dies in 1790. That's just the moment where Alexander Hamilton is thinking about the materials that are going to go into his report on manufacturers 1791. And Hamilton, you know, is essentially an unlettered genius who is able to see by reflecting on the wealth of nations within the American agrarian agricultural economy, the seeds of a modern industrialized powerhouse. And then to ask the question, how should that be financed and what should the public finances look like that go alongside that? And those are acts of imaginative genius which start from a platform that Smith has laid but which Smith doesn't take himself. And I think it reflects incredibly well on Hamilton as well as on Smith that they were able to have that intellectual exchange even after Smith's death. The insights of the wealth of nations that we talk about specialization gains from trade and stuff like this. But one of the things that he writes about extensively that is relevant today is trade, international trade and what we call mercantilism. What would Adam Smith think of Mr. Trump's trade policies or even maybe a better way of putting it, how familiar would what Trump says about trade seem to Adam Smith in the sense of the eternal recurrence of these arguments? Well, it's a fantastic question. And I can only thank American politics for generating these questions just at the moment my book goes on sale so people can read up heavily on the basis for them historical and intellectual. I think Smith would find this style of argument extremely familiar. And what is very interesting one has to remember some facts about Britain and America. And we'll just put this into that context. So Britain had had some form of terrifying or trade barriers since the end of the 15th century. It's the 1490s, Henry the 7th. So the idea that somehow these were a modern for Smith invention is nonsense. They've been embedded into British policy for hundreds of years by the time he comes to write The Wealth of Nations. And by the way, in many ways they've been highly effective.  That's what they're designed to do. So that's the first thing. Second thing is when Britain discovers free trade at the time of the repeal of the Corn Laws in the 1840s and Smith becomes a secular saint of free trade and is grabbed by those people who then erect a free trade conception of Smith, which makes him almost unrecognizable a hundred years later, 1876. They are that's not really a world of free trade. That's a world of imperial trade. Britain doesn't really have free trade, even in the end of the 19th century in the way that is somehow fondly imagined. And actually America more or less never has free trade. America doesn't have it before the First World War. It doesn't have it. Surely the sect doesn't have it between the wars. And after the Second World War, there are many reserved areas of the American economy where free trade does not apply and many tariffs are being applied and notably in the agricultural area, etc., etc., which still persist. So, you know, we can get a little excited about free trade as a kind of illisium without realizing that actually in many ways it never existed. So then the second, the final thing I would just say about Smith is the idea that you sometimes hear alongside the idea that Smith is a cosmopolitan, which is that basically trade is an area in which people can come together to reach a kind of higher degree of harmony is absolutely not Smith's view. Smith does not believe trade is zero sum in contrast to some folks today, but he does, but he absolutely does believe that, you know, nations have interests and energies that are going to cause them to behave in ways that are jealously preserving the phrase jealousy of trade is an 18th century phrase. Jealously preserving that even though warfare may be being gradually supplanted by the bourgeois arts of economic exchange, they are still going to be and can be pretty brutal. And Smith, to that extent, is a realist about trade as he is about many other things. We are seeing in the discussion we just had is certainly related to this. We're seeing a softening of enthusiasm about capitalism and markets, not just the US but throughout much of the world. And obviously that's distressing for us at the Cato Institute and for people understand economics and likely would have been distressing for Smith. But is there value in Smith not just as he articulated these kind of basic principles of economics that we know to be true or largely true and those principles push back strongly against this trend but in the way that he talks about these things or the way that he articulates these things that Smith in particular could be a force against this trend? Yes, I think there is. Of course, as I've said capitalism is not something that Smith is familiar with in the sense of autonomous pools of capital. Smith is a theorist of open markets. That's the key point. And that aspect of thing I think continues to hold up remarkably well. I mean if you look at what is driving the astonishing gains that have been made in the incomes globally of the least well-off answer trade, trade, trade all the way. It's trade that's been rescuing the least well-off in Africa, not potentially substantial amounts of aid. It's the mobile phone above all has made a huge difference. So trade and technology. So that's the first thing. Of course, one of the reasons why capitalism has got a bad name is because people are identifying aspects of it that Smith anticipates and understands. So Smith doesn't believe that as it were markets don't have negative effects as well as positive effects. He recognizes he thinks that people can be alienated by the repetitive nature of the work they do. He thinks that there are losers as well as winners in markets. One of the reasons why political economy is what he is interested in rather than what we would consider economics is because in political economy you can't be immune to the distributional consequences of what you're doing as well as their total economic effects. And therefore globalization, the rather uncritical view that people had of globalization in the 1990s, is not something that's compatible with the Smithian viewpoint. So the astonishing thing to me is that friends of open markets and by extension friends of capitalism haven't adopted Smith's recognition of the downsides and sought to ameliorate them as well as Smith's understanding of the pathology of crony capitalism in order to create a pressure for an economic system that does address some of these social concerns. And I think if they did that, they would be much more effective politically as well as economically. And certainly I'm looking for people who are interested in these subjects to start thinking, for example, as we have in Britain about wages. One of the things that we've done recently in Britain, as you may know, is to mandate a national living wage. Obviously, I'm here. I'm not speaking as a government minister. I'm speaking as an independent, minded academic and writer and scholar of Smith. But a national living wage is an attempt to push up wages and that has not had any effect in terms of removing people from the labor rolls or reducing unemployment. On the contrary, the effect of it appears to have been, in some respects, to be crowding in people. So there may be more in a dynamic economy to be gained from thinking about some of these things in ways that are outside the norm and rehabilitating this as well as thinking about some of the concerns that Smith identifies if we're going to defend the market system and defend what Smith cared about, which is not capitalism, but commercial society. And commercial society, a society in which people are presumptively equal to each other and in which is it where the legitimacy of the system relies on everyone having a fair shake and a chance to do well. Thanks for listening. Free Thoughts is produced by Tess Terrible. If you enjoyed today's show, please rate and review us on iTunes. And if you'd like to learn more about libertarianism, find us on the web at www.libertarianism.org.