Hello friends! Today we are reviewing Eyes of the Void, which is very very bright because of my ring light. It is the continuation of last year's Amazing Shards of the Earth by Adrian Tchaikovsky and very likely one of my favourite science fiction novels, most probably my favourite space opera of 2022. The way that things are looking anyway. Now, I'm not going to be doing another very very rambly review, there's certainly going to be some rambling, but also I have written a really lovely review and so I'm going to read it out loud for you with some comments. If that's not what you're after, if you want really involved conversation between me and the camera, you're probably going to get that too, but if you just want to read the review, you can go to my blog. The link is down below and you can read Eyes of the Void. If you need a little bit of information too long to read, phenomenal continuation of what is promising to be one of the best sci-fi space opera series of the 2020s in my humble opinion. But hey, what do I know? I'm only reading books all day every day and other things to do with sci-fi, not saying. Anyway, the sequel to 2021's Shards of the Earth was among my most awaited sci-fi titles of this year when I read Shards last year, I fell in love with its characters, a mishmash of memorable scoundrels who made for one of my favourite found families in science fiction. I fell in love with its world, which recalled the same sense of awe I felt at 14-15 when I first discovered the amazing universe of video game franchise mass effect. I fell in love with Tchaikovsky's prose in a similar way and it is an affliction that befalls me every time I pick up the man's novels. Little wonder that I take my leave of Eyes of the Void as eager as can be to see what the third book brings both the characters and the world. We left Idris Telomir in the part of any angel and soldier solace and the rest of the crew of The Vulture God in an interesting spot, having managed to save Barlenhof, one of the capital worlds of humanity's decentralised Hugh government, from being turned into a horrific crystalline sculpture by the enigmatic, near-unstoppable architects. These sculptures are all that the architects leave behind whenever they interact with a planetary body. Eyes of the Void picks up half a year after those events. With Idris trying to pick up the pieces of a part any project to create intermediaries, this project of course means so much more to him than just about anything else does because the original Hugh project that gave birth to him was something of a butcher's messy job. At the same time, the tensions between the Hugh and the part any are steadily increasing. The architects have not been idle either. Several planets, both in Hugh space and across the borders of humanity's far more advanced neighbours, the Essiel have been approached by the moon-sized lifeforms and turned to cosmic sculptures of infinite beauty and horrifying tragedy. Tragedy? What? Tragedy is what I meant to say. Whatever. It's not long before a crisis forces the Volchegods crew, their part any allies, or at least a ship full of them, and the wacky hyverscientist Trine to plunge themselves into what might be the most dangerous spot in the galaxy. And Trine, by the way, continues to shine throughout. Speaking of characters shining, it is very difficult for me to pin down any one character that I absolutely adored. Anyone that stole the show for me. But I'll try anyway. On a bound lawyer, yet cutthroat practitioner of the legal arts, Chris Elmere, shows better than she ever did in Shard that she is as deadly with the point of a blade as she is with legal arcana. Not that she doesn't show off those truly impressive lawyer skills, yet again. Chris reminds me of my best friend. When she flexes those law muscles she spent five years in law school for. And I do think that in Bulgaria we also have arcane and not wholly legal practices of dueling our fellow students when disagreements come up. Might not be quotable in that. You should probably do your own research on that particular point. Maybe trust me. Who knows? You should probably trust me. Anyway, Chris is not the only one who has just absolute scene stealers of Curse, Solas and Idris are, as ever, the most precious babies. And if you look at them wrong, I'm liable to murder you.  You can't help but love Oli, can you? If you've read about her. Anyway, Eyes of the Void answers a number of the questions baked into this universe of Tchaikovsky's from the very beginning of Schaatt, while dangling some truly massive courage to those of us who can get enough out of Eyes of the Void. And by the way, my copy is an absolute mess of just underlined, highlighted pieces, commons, including just like grinning faces sketched out with a pencil. And yes, I don't write in my books with a pen because I'm not a psychopath. I do underline a lot. Anyway, the point is, the overarching mystery of the architects, the nature of Unspace, the esiel's bizarre technomisticism, they are touched on, and some of them are explored, and some of them offer us answers, but of course, those answers only invite more questions. What I'm underlining here is that I want to inhabit the universe and learn its every nook and cranny pronto. And let's not forget that while the series might cast the architects in the role of supreme villains, adversaries, an awesome and awe-inspiring threat, at least for now, Tchaikovsky has always done human villains who shine with a particularly evil glint of the eye. Many of our protagonists have a strongly defined moral code that their foes are all too happy to overstep. Ethical issues are begged into so many of the secondary conflicts, the vulture, God and everyone's favorite huge spy have to face. Have ya, Mundi? This is your shout-out. The causes for mental anguish for a pair of our central characters by the close of this novel… delectable. I can hardly keep from slurping the pages, which is, uh, totally a normal thing that normal human beings do with normal humans. What I'm trying to say here is, if you haven't put Eyes of the Void in your online basket at your favorite local bookstore, um, I don't want to be your friend. Go away. And come back with a copy of Tchaikovsky's Shards of the Earth if you haven't read that. You might as well watch my video of it. By the way, I did it last year and I'm very, very proud of it. Very happy with how that one turned out. But yeah, if you haven't done that yet, if you're not ready to pick Eyes of the Void, you're a weirdo. I don't really want to talk with you.  And space is not a happy place, y'all. Anyway, this is this. This is good science fiction. Brilliant space opera film. And written with the customary sharpness, you'll have come to expect by Tchaikovsky if you've picked anything of his up before. There's the hi-vers and no one quite does, like Hive Minds. No one quite writes Hive Minds the way Tchaikovsky does. He returns to that idea again and again and I love it to bits. I read The Doors of Eden some three years ago and I cannot stop yearning for more of Tchaikovsky ever since. I have gone on to some of his other series. I have read Dogs of War, which was phenomenal. I really badly want to read his first sci-fi series, His Fantasy. There's so much, so much out there I need to read of Tchaikovsky's and I am excited and you should be too. So go, get. Oh, and of course, a quote to finish all too... I mean, a quote is all too necessary a finish for this review to make sure that it really ends on a high note. There is a theory, try and say it softly, that when the architects reshape a planet all the sentient people on that planet are taken into some special place, some unspaced repository of people, that the architects are somehow preserving people from their excesses. It dates to an early period of the war, the start of the Polyaspora when people wanted very much to believe that 90% of everyone they knew were undead. It isn't a very good theory, in fact, indeed, on the purely physical level it's manifestly unprovable. This is my favourite part of this quote. But I understand why people would want it to be true because it's hard when you're not finished with someone. Like a book with the final chapters deleted. You want to believe there's an intact copy out there, somehow. The book is full of these amazing quotes and I love it, I absolutely do. I think you should really think about reading it. Excellent, excellent times ahead if you, in fact, decide to take me up on that recommendation. And I could ask you to like this video, share it, subscribe. I don't really care at this point. I realised, some time ago, I don't particularly mind never growing outside of this accursed number of 270 subscribers. I enjoy making these videos for myself. And that is the most important thing I could ever get. Now, if only I could start making them in some better way. But probably not. I'll see you next time. I'm Ferdinand Magnus and I love talking about books. If you'd like to join me, please do. Bye!


educating investors. The following is a presentation of TFNN. Trade what you see with Larry Pezzavento. All now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, Larry Pezzavento. Okay, looking good, Billy Ray feeling good, Louis, for all you 3-8-2 lovers. I have posted the chart of the Euro over the last several days that we've been talking about this, just about every day, also in the videos to watch for a quick 3-8-2 retracement. And as you can see, we hit it to the tick today. The market immediately dropped $700. Right now, if you're in that trade, you've got an over $500 profit. You certainly don't want it to go to a loss, so make sure you put your stop in where you protect at least $100, or break even either way, but you shouldn't let it go to a losing position. I mean, it's frustrating when you have, you know, $700, $800 that goes back to even, but, you know, that's the name of the game, folks. We don't know which ones are going to work and which ones don't. Fortunately, I wish I did, but I don't, but if I did, God wouldn't probably let me share it anyway. Okay, let's move on to a couple other things. By the way, our guest today will be Jeff Hughes of Alpha Insights. I always got some great information. He's got some really nice charts today. He's got 10 of them, but I wanted to show you one today that we've been chatting about here for quite a while, and that is the Treasury Bonds. This happens to be the 30-year bond in the September contract. And as you can see, we came within four pips of the exact 61% retracement today before rallying $1,500. So that's probably a good bottom down there at that 137 level. So that's what we're looking at right now. As you can see, we talked about this again. You see the A, B, C, D pattern right here. Then you see another A, B, C, D pattern right here. Double A, B, C, D coming in almost exactly at the 61% retracement. These numbers that we had to come up right near that same level also within a few pips. So that's what we were watching when we were looking at. And you notice this one. This one missed the high by about four pips. Now, the high came in exactly at the 50% retracement, but the A, B, C, D was measured above it. But as we hear from our good friend Albert Einstein, he said that mathematics precedes geometry, and that's something that we don't want to worry about. I have no idea who that is. Okay. Sorry. I thought I turned the phone off. My bad. Anyway, let's move on here, and we will move over to the next chart that we want to cover, because we've got a few of them here that are very interesting before Jeff comes on. And of course, he has some really great stuff. Here's one to get ready for, folks. We talked about it yesterday. We're going to update it today.  Hit the wrong button one more time. Okay. Here's we're going to move out to the old cornfields now, folks, because we're having some really strong movements here in the grains. You'll see we had that beautiful 135 pattern right here at this level, right here. The problem with these people getting the phone, folks, it's an election time and everybody wants money. Okay. And they won't trade, so the heck with it, I'm not going to give them any. Anyway, you'll notice here that we've got an ABCD pattern stretching up here to this level here, up around the 666, the old devil's number. And so we need to watch the Christmas corn here tomorrow or the next day. We'll be up into this area right here. If your longness, which I hope you are, you know, we'll be looking to take profits up in this area, but we've had a pretty good chance. A few days ago, we went right down to the 382 right into that report, and then we started to go higher. So that's what we're looking at right here. If you're in the stock indices, of course, we're down a little bit today. Had a big break last night that we went down to, uh, well, we dropped 250 points in Dow Jones E-mini, and then the Dow Jones E-mini came and took it back. I mean, that is a very, very difficult thing to do. But now I want to share with you a chart from a yearly matzo. I don't know who this guy is, but he brings out a really interesting chart here that I think someone sent me on Twitter. And because it has so much harmony and the stuff that we believe in, I want to bring it up here to show you what you're looking at. What you're looking at here is that same nothing more than the 135 pattern. Now, what he's doing, he's just showing you how the market reacts against these moving averages that appear, and that's what we're seeing. But there's a pattern out here in one of the major stocks. In fact, it's in more than one of the major stocks. And boys and girls, you got to pay attention here. Even if you go to sleep for the rest of the day, pay attention right now, because this is where the game is being played over there at the NASDAQ, and this is a very, very important chart. It may not mean anything, but boy, the pattern sure does, and let's get it up here. Here it is, folks. You can see this is an island reversal in Microsoft, one of the most heavily traded stocks that trade. It is really way up there. It's one of the fang stocks, okay? But look at this. Can you believe this? Everybody that bought it in the last two weeks, it gaps down on Monday.  That is flat out trapping, and it's coming exactly at the 50% level. Now, this basically is the 135 pattern. There's the three. The one is way back here. So this is really important. All we need, we had a bad day yesterday. That was down about 700, but it rallied back, as I mentioned, 250 points. It couldn't even get close to the 382. I mean, it was just too far away to hit the 382, but the others did okay. Anyway, you'll notice here, as we get to this level here, everybody that has bought it now over the last two weeks, this is an extremely bearish. If you turn this around, this would be an island reversal on the bottom. Oh, my goodness, that's the best kind of news we could possibly get. So we're in danger zone, folks. So play attention to that. This is very, very important. Now, if the market rallies back and gets about rallies back about 20 points in this, this pattern has failed, and you've got to go on and look at something else. That's really what you have to do. There's just no other way that you can do it. So if you'll do that, I think you'll be pleased to watch it, because that is an extremely bearish pattern in Microsoft. As we look at it here today, it's very extremely, extremely bearish. No question about it. And I think people should pay close attention to that chart. Not only that, it's not just in Microsoft. Someone had alerted to me from one of our listeners and showed me six or seven examples, but the one that jumped out at me the most was Microsoft, because it was so very, very important, and it's really important. You'll remember here last week, we talked about the fact that when you look at this market, compared to 2008, and we'll get this up here right now before we take a little break here. You'll see here, there we are. There's your number right up in here. That's your 200-day moving average, and that's exactly what happened to us. You know, Sunday or Friday, that was the number. That's what we were watching. So we'll be right back,<PHONE_NUMBER>. At the time of booming inflation, we are purchasing powers eroded. There's no better place to protect your harder-earned money than ain't gold. VISTA Gold's flagship asset is the Monk Todd Gold Project in the Northern Territory of Australia. This is Australia's largest undeveloped gold project. 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Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn, and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his Mastering Probability newsletter. Steve's award-winning newsletter, Mastering Probability, is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon. Sign up for Steve's Market newsletter, Mastering Probability, and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars absolutely free. At TFNN, all our newsletters come with a 30-day money-back guarantee, so you have absolutely nothing to worry about. Visit TFNN.com and try Mastering Probability 30 days risk-free today. TFNN Educating Investors. Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help. Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years. A frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC, Tom O'Brien founded TFNN over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you. Tom's Daily Market Newsletter, Market Insights, is published every morning when the market's open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed. These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio. Get Tom O'Brien's newsletter, Market Insights, today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money-back guarantee at TFNN.com. TFNN Educating Investors. Toll-free at 1-877-927-6648. Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Okay, we're back folks. I wanted to move our operation over here to a natural gas because we've got a lot of things happening over here today. I'll bring this up here. We made new highs, of course, in natural gas and it has had some really big moves. I wanted to go through those just to show you. There's the natural gas you can see. We have made higher highs than yesterday. We didn't quite make that 1.27 expansion up there but we came very, very close. But what's happened since that time is what's interesting and let's get this up here because we were up substantially in natural gas and I'm just going to move over to an 8-minute chart so we can show you the pattern that I'm looking at. I'm planning on doing a full day trading, the last one of the year. I do two every year. It's going to be on September 20th. Five hours of trading and I'm going to do a heck of a lot of trading more than I do teaching because I'm going to do some teaching, of course, because there's going to be questions. But the main thing is, is I'd like to make a little bit more money. We've done okay. This would be our fourth one. We did really well on the first three. I assume we're going to do okay but this is what we're watching here in the NAS. When it goes up and makes new highs, you see that it makes new highs like this, doesn't go anywhere and you've got that nice little ABCD pattern right there. Gee whiz, that's a really, really good place to go short because first of all all the stops have been taken out. Okay, so you don't have to worry about that and you've got the ABCD pattern lined up right there how that's as simple as could be. Now look, the market breaks really badly. Look at that. It goes down and takes all the stops out here. Then it rallies where to? Yes boys and girls. Mr. Rogers is telling you the truth. It rallies right to .382 and then this is what we call giving up the ghost baby because when you catch one of these, this is the falling safe. Folks, that move right here was $4,000 in eight minutes. Now that's more than you can make as an auto mechanic. Almost. So anyway, that's what we're watching. Try to get these entries. They don't always work, but by golly when the ones that do work work, it makes you a happy camper and that's what we're paying attention to right now. I would tell you another one, but it's probably the one that's not going to work today, but that's enough. We'll do enough, a little bit more teaching. Remember we've got Jeff huge coming up in about 10 minutes and that's always a good thing. The chart that we posted in our newsletter this past week of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. That chart, just where is it? It's down here at the bottom somewhere, I believe. There it is. Just get it up here. This chart right here, it's being shown so many places on the internet now. This morning on Bloomberg, I saw three different places. So there's a lot of things on the internet. Everybody here is talking about this right now. The time to be talking about it when it was right at the 78% retracement four days ago, now it's dropped over a thousand points now in the Dow Jones. And this is, I believe, just getting started. We've had a rally today. In fact, the rally gave it up. So we've got to calculate the new rally if we get one. The first rally was 250 points and we'll watch for another one. But when you're down 1100 points, 250 points is not even anywhere near. It's only 20%. It's not even near a 3A2. So that's why you've got to be ready for it and to change your adjustment on these as you start to see them going through here each morning. That's the whole thing to pay attention to. The other one that I'd like to talk about is to get a little bit more of what's going on here. I want to talk about this corn trade that we were looking at. We'll just get this up here to take a look at it. This is right out of the newsletter. And last week we talked about it, of course, after the report. We had a pretty nice move. We've now traded almost up here, folks. We came very, very close to this level here. That's what I was pointing. So that's going to be in a down market. That's going to be a 135. Let's try it again. There's the one. There's the three. And there's the five. It's also going to be a three drive to a tiny top. One top, two top, tiny top. Tiny, tiny top means it's not the top, but it's a top less. But it's still ABCD, another one coming in there. That's a darn good trade, folks. I know the whole world is dying of food, but you've got a bear market. We've got lower highs and lower bottoms, we sure have. And now we've got this nice pattern coming up in the corn. I've got to pay attention to that one. By golly, I don't know if you believe in numbers or not, but this is what we're looking for. So let's sort of pay attention to it. August is the month of the soybeans, folks. If soybeans aren't completed here, and they're not, after the 30th of August, it used to be this way. I don't know about all the stuff they're putting in this crop these days, but after the 31st of August, that crop pretty much has to be made for the thing to be really good. So unless something really dramatic happens, I might get a good crop in all these, and the world is going to be saved. Now, because you joined me today, there's going to be a special group trip today. We are going to go to Deutschland, folks. We are going to go to Germany and see what's happening with the O'Shia, the Sinsigumi Osens. I won't tell you what that means, but... Well, I should tell you what it means. Anyway, it means going in your diapers. My sister Karla, when she got married, nine months after she got married, she had a baby. You can figure those numbers out yourself, but he was in the service, and they were in Germany, and the little girl, Christine, was born. And the problem was that my daughter didn't... My daughter, my sister, really didn't like doing the things, diaper stuff, but in Germany, the Sinsigumi Osens means putting or so in the underwear of the little baby. Anyway, of a diaper, that's what it means. Okay, get back to this. You see here that we have come down very, very quickly. Beautiful three-drive to a top pattern up here, as you can see in the purple. And so this is acting pretty much like we expected to. The next one now, we're going to get back on the plane, and then we're going to go over to the United Kingdom. If I can find the United Kingdom, and guess what? Here is the United Kingdom coming up. We'll get this up. By the way, I will be doing Tommy O'Brien's show on Wednesday and Thursday of this week, and also on Monday. I'm going to be doing that. I'll have a couple of guests, of course, not to help me get through, but to give some great information, actually. So that's what we'll be watching. We're certainly broken at all, folks. I mean, it's holding up extremely well, but we are very various to British pounds, so we believe this is going to be pushing it down, which will help the pound move lower also. So let's keep ourselves, you know, very, very closely aligned with that, too, very, very important to pay attention to that. Okay, now the euro continues to drop a little bit lower, so pay attention to it, folks. Don't let that trade if you did it, because it was a 3-8-2. You know, don't move around. I've got some new information about the 3-8-2 for entries that I haven't explored at all yet, but it looks interesting on a percentage of how to enter and without risking very much. It's a really good one to pay close attention to, so we need to do that. The one very, very important one. Oh, I got the break coming up here. Write this number down, boys and girls. 1772. Sell the gold, 1772. Why do we sell it at 72? Because it's a 3-8-2. 1772, $6 risk. We'll be right back, folks. Jeff Hughes. Every Monday morning I publish the Gold Report with coverage of gold, silver, bonds, DXAU, HUI, GDX, as well as more than 30 different mining equities. To see for yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the Gold Report, sign up now by visiting tfnn.com. Don't miss out on the next great gold trade. Sign up today. TFNN is excited about our new software charting program, the Art of Timing the Trade Chart. In collaboration with Tom O'Brien the best-selling book, The Art of Timing the Trade, your ultimate trading mastery system, David White has programmed an outstanding piece of software that will complement any trader's methodology. Using this first-of-its-kind program, the Art of Timing the Trade Chart allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups, including guardleaf, ABCs, butterflies, and much more. 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And it's not just dry, tedious text, either. tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and tfnn's YouTube channel with Tiger TV, live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern for free. Each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money. Watch online at tfnn.com or on tfnn's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be, tfnn Educating Investors. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com. Okay, we're back, folks, and I believe we have Jeff Hughes of Alpha Insights on the line. Jeff, how are you doing today? Hey, I'm great, Larry. Thanks for having me on the show. Well, you are great because, boy, your predictions are sure coming out truly, so I've posted the first chart about the stock market is not as cheap as people think. We are just mystified how the vocal bull can reference this valuation discount in stocks relative to bonds when, in fact, 30% of the market is trading at a 12% premium to bonds. We went through and we actually looked at the top 10 stocks in the S&P. Those stocks represent 29.5% of the index by market cap. And if you were to take a look at the PEs and price to sales ratios and just look at the weighted average of those, the top 10 stocks traded about 37.9 times on a PE ratio basis, and that's forward 12-month earnings, and about 7.7 times on trailing 12-month price to sales basis. That's three times the market's valuation on a price to sales basis and two times the market's valuation on a price to earnings basis. And here's the real stinger to this. If you look at those top 10 stocks on a weighted average basis, their earnings growth was negative in the second quarter, and their revenue growth was two percentage points below what the S&P is an aggregate index produced. So we're quite mystified how bulls can look at this market and consider it cheap on any metric. Well, I agree with you, but their day may be coming. Who knows? Now, the next one we're going to take a look at is a little confusing because you've got some great trend lines and stuff, but you want to tell us what we're looking at here? I think it's the notes versus the dollar, right? That's right. So we're looking at the TNX, which is the 10-year Treasury yield. That's in green, and the US dollar index in red versus the S&P 500, which is the black line. And what you can see is there's quite an inverse correlation to these. In fact, Treasury yields peaked about two days before the S&P 500 bottom back in June on June 7th, 1617. And as soon as rates started coming down from that 3.5% level, stocks started rallying on the news. And in fact, about a week and a half, two weeks later, the US dollar peaked. And actually, I take it back, the second week of July, the US dollar peaked. And from that point going forward, the S&P started to lose momentum. Now, what we found was interesting. Around August 1st or so, yields found their low at about 2.5% and started rallying. And about a week later, the dollar found its low, and that began rallying. And the force of the two of those have really had a negative impact on the S&P 500, which rallied right into resistance and rolled over just as those two were taking off. So it really puts into context this negative correlation between the two. And we think rising yields and a rising dollar are going to be a major headwind for stocks for the next two to three months. Wow. Well, this next chart is spot on. We were talking about it just a little bit earlier, and that's natural gas because we've had quite a bit of reversal today after making a new eye here in natural gas. And of course, you're talking about it as a potential tipping point. Is that correct? That's right. We've kind of been looking at this disparity between European natural gas prices and US natural gas prices. And for a lot of people who haven't been following this, since Russia started their war in the Ukraine, they've been putting a lot of pressure on European exports of natural gas, shutting down the pipelines periodically, and dramatically reducing the amount of gas that they're selling in. That is the primary source of heating fuel for Europe, as well as electrical fuel. And so, you know, without it, basically Europe goes dark. And so the US has been basically shifting most of our exports of LNG, which is liquefied natural gas to Europe. It's about tripled over the last year. And because of this big disparity in prices, about a 30% to 60% premium, depending when exactly you're looking at it, it's really incented US gas producers to liquefy as much gas production as they can and ship as much as they can across the Atlantic as possible to try and maximize that profit motive, right? And what really happened is it's put a ton of pressure on US storage, US supply, and that in turn has put price pressure on natural gas in the US, and you can see it in the continuous futures contract. We rallied up into that, you know, roughly $9.5, almost $10 range, and it pulled back a little bit. But to your point, you know, what's next year? Maybe there's a little more consolidation necessary, but ultimately this pattern sets up as a very, very bullish pattern where, you know, a sustained breakout above that $10 mark would support a move to about $13.5, almost $14, which equates to north of 40% upside potential in natural gas prices. We don't think that this price pressure is going to be alleviated. Supply and demand is out of balance right now globally, and until we see price equilibrium, we're going to see a lot more gas shipped to Europe at the expense of US gas customers. Wow, that's incredible. I was thinking of one of our friends today over in the UK told us that their bills have gone from $100 a month to $300 a month, and it's not even wintertime yet. Yeah. It's going to be pretty interesting. Here's the next one we're going to take a look at. And that hold on, we're going to get it up here so everybody can see that the volatility is rising, which we would expect that, correct? Yeah, and in fact, what we're saying here is that the volatility of volatility is rising. Everybody knows about the VIX, the VIX is the Volatility Index that looks at really the amount of puts being purchased relative to calls over the course of a year or the course of a given month and essentially projects implied volatility. But a lot of people are unfamiliar with the VIX, which is the lower panel here. The VIX actually measures the volatility of the VIX. And what we've noted over the past several years is that when you see a divergence in the direction of the VIX relative to the VIX, it's predictive. And at the bottom, you can see that you've got, since about July 29th, the VIX has been trending higher while the VIX was trending lower. And that generally is a positive divergence that predicts a future spike in volatility. And just as we expect, volatility yesterday spiked up above the 21-day moving average for the first time in about two months. And we suspect that that is the beginning of a major move that could carry the VIX up into the mid to high 30s and possibly to new highs relative to what we've seen in the recent 12-month period. Wow. Gosh, Jeff, I love looking at these charts. I know you put them on there. But when I look at the amount of work that went into that, I mean, it's just really, really totally amazing how you get this stuff done. And you do it daily.  Everybody of the work is really spectacular. And now here's one for everybody that believes what we believe, and that is the bear market has peaked, and we'll get this up here to take a look at. It's amazing to me. It's so clear, and yet people don't see it. I mean, maybe I'm wrong, but by golly, this is... Oh, I wanted to ask you. I talked about a Microsoft chart that had a island reversal pattern. Have you looked at any of those? Because a lot of those have happened this last few days, I understand. You're looking at an island reversal in the S&P 500 right now as well. Wow, that's important. Let's talk about that when we get back, okay? Here.<PHONE_NUMBER>. We'll be back with Jeff Huge. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks, and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. tfnn.com. Educating investors. The technology around us is changing every day. With so much happening, it can seem impossible to keep up with all the information. 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Visit DirectionInvestments.com slash Biotech today. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Direction's shares carefully before investing. The Prospectus and Summary Prospectus contain this and other information about Direction's shares. To obtain a Prospectus or Summary Prospectus, please contact Direction's shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The Prospectus or Summary Prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Four-Side Fund Services, LLC. This program is brought to you by Vista Gold, traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ. Folks were speaking with Jeff Hughes of Alpha Insights. He's got the most interesting chart of the day, in my opinion. And that is this S&P 500. And we were talking about an island reversal, where the market goes up. Yeah, you can actually see it, Larry, if you look at those little red circles, those bubbles. Yep, I sure can. Yeah. And that's a powerful pattern. I just looked at Microsoft because it was so clear, but when I see this one, it's doing the same thing. This is the most various pattern that you can get, in my opinion. We saw a very similar version of that back in late March, early April, in the S&P as well. Not quite as perfect as this one, but my guess is that bubble won't be filled. That last gap will not be filled. And this is about to take out the prior lows. I think those June lows will be taken out in the next several weeks. And we can expect the S&P 500 to decline steadily into late October, early November. It's interesting because we rallied in three waves, in ABC, which I know you talk about quite a bit. We look at it from an Elliott wave perspective. And what we noted was that the C wave was two times the size of the A wave, which is a very common relationship. It tagged the 200-day simple moving average, which was just below that descending trend line off the January-March peaks, and rolled over hard down. And we expected to continue lower. I think a break below the 50-day moving average around 40-81 right now would confirm that the bear market has resumed in force. And I would not want to be long-stocked under those conditions. I have to agree with you. When I look at this, it's just really something. I have a question from one of our listeners. Do you follow the election cycle? That is because we're in an election year midterms, but do you follow that election cycle at all? I do. In fact, we published a great chart of it in our monthly newsletter, which you can find for free on our website, that walks through exactly what we're thinking about. But during the election cycle, if it's the first term of a new Democrat president, historically, the market has, bottomed in June, rallied into early to mid-August, and then rolled over to bottom in late October at a lower low, and that's our expectation. Mm-hmm. Well, I'll tell you there's enough political stuff out there that'll make anybody scary, so we'll have to wait and see how that moves on. Now, I want to go on to the next chart that we have up here, and that is number seven. Let me see if I can find number seven. Here we are. Get up here. This is the Elliott Wave count that we were just chatting about. So the folks can take a look at it. There we go. The bigger picture is really showing that there's a major top formation in place, and then we're looking at a longer-term chart here on the Elliott Wave count that looks over the last 13 years from the 2009 low to the January 2022 high, and we call that Cycle Wave 5. Cycle Wave 5 is the fifth wave of a five-wave progression that started in 1932. That's known as Super Cycle Wave 3. And if Super Cycle Wave 3 terminated, as we suspect, then what we've seen so far is just wave one of a five-wave downside progression that should carry all the way to around S&P 2250, which is the general vicinity of a prior fourth wave extreme, the 618 retracement of the entire 13-year advance, which was the Fibonacci number, as you know, and also comes into the same vicinity as a rising 200-month moving average on the S&P. And so we think, you know, together all of these forces should act as some support. That in our view will only be Wave A of an ABC correction of a much, much larger degree than anyone has witnessed since the early 1930s. Whoa! You said 1930s? Yes. I wasn't even trading then. Oh, my goodness. That's a major bear market, Jeff. Yeah, that's our expectation. I expect the same thing. I expect something a little more ominous than that, actually, because I believe the millennials will wake up one morning and realize what it means to go to work for a living and, you know, have the pressure behind raising a family and all that other stuff. So that's just, hey, end of the politics. One of our listeners just said it'll be the worst bear market since the time of the year one around Christmas days. What did he say? So the birth of Christ. So I don't know if that's going to be true or not, but we'll have to move on to this next chart. We've got a little bit, two more to go here that I want to cover. This one here is you have a really great free monthly newsletter that I think the folks should really pay attention to. You want to tell the folks how they can get this? Absolutely. You know, go to our website at jwhinvestment.com and right in the middle at the top tab, you'll see a tab that says newsletter. Click on it and it'll take you to our monthly newsletter. This is absolutely free. You can subscribe to get it delivered to your inbox every month. We publish usually around the 31st or the first every month. And so we've got what we think is going to be a great one coming up here at the end of this month. Well, we're just going to detail everything that we think is going on. We envision color with and with charts and narrative. And I think it'll be fantastic. But it's interesting because, you know, sometimes that's not enough for people Larry. They're not more. They want to know, well, okay, we agree with you. We like your view. But how do we how do we trade it? You know, give us some ideas. So, you know, we've got this other option for $10 a month. You can actually become a member and we send you our top stock or ETF trading idea every Wednesday at roughly one o'clock in the afternoon Eastern time. And basically you get the benefits from our thinking and really these are the ideas that we're giving our institutional subscribers that pay us a lot of money for this for less than the cost of a cup of coffee at Dunkin' Donuts. Yeah, well, yeah, but it can't buy that cup of coffee at Starbucks for that price for sure. And anyway, how the folks reach you, my friend? Yeah, you know, go to my website. That's the best way jwhinvestment.com or you can follow me on Twitter at alpha underscore insights or just send me an email jhuge at jwhinvestment.com. I'd love to hear from you. Well, listen, thanks for joining us. And guys, it's really great talking to you and just seeing these charts. It's just really good. So thank you for joining us. We'll have you on again soon if you if you have the time. Okay. Absolutely. My pleasure. You bet. Jeff huge of Alpha Insights folks. There's how you can reach him is on the thing to go here. Now I wanted to get back to the markets just a little bit because we've had some pretty good action here with that 382 and the year old of the year old is breaking down more and more. Now after hitting the 382, which we expect stocks are, you know, trying to stabilize. But frankly, this market is they might rally for the rest of the day. They might we just made a 382 retracement in the S&P up there at 41 41. And now we're starting to drift off a little bit here. But the euro is at the critical level right now for the day. It needs to hold this level. We're at is 996. We believe our pro our number in that we want to be watching in the Euro will come in at nine. Excuse me. Let's try to get at 94 is the long term weekly. We're going to take a break. We'll be right back<PHONE_NUMBER>. This to gold owns and operates the largest undeveloped gold project in Australia. The Mount Todd Gold project. This to gold just completed their feasibility study resulting in a 7 million ounce gold reserve. This to gold has all major permits approved and has retained CIBC capital market assistance in evaluating alternatives and in completing an accretive transaction. Mr. Gold trades on the NYSE American and TSX under the ticker symbol VGC. This to gold executing a strategy to create shareholder value. You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market, you're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life, before you decide it's impossible, get some advice from the experts. You might find that it's not so impossible after all. For daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices, selective stocks and commodities, subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com. The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman, the creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman Wave. 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I'm gonna go back into history a little bit because we were talking about we just the other day that nobody wanted. Hey, we owe this to our good friend Mr. Z. John Cheney here at the TFNN. Dan, he's always posting great stuff. Look at that. This is where he was buying, was down in here folks. Right in this level right here. Now from there, you can see here, we have a higher bottom here right at the 7-8. Then we have the 3-8-2. This is the one we were talking about just two days ago. We talked about it on Monday. And you can see we made the 3-8-2 right in here. We go up what we do yesterday, pull back to a 3-8-2 and we're continuing to go higher. We're already above the one, we hit the 1.618 level already today. And now it started to back off. So if we get a good break in wheat, you'll get ready to buy it because it's gonna have a pretty good run. We also have to watch that corn very, very closely folks. That corn is a beautiful pattern. It's got Mother God and Country written right over the top of it. AB equals CD, AB equals CD and .50. Those are the kinds we like to see when you got three of them all together. Don't know much about the crops. We don't know how it's growing. We don't know how much it's costing the farmer to get his fields ready or anything, but we do know a bar chart and we know how to read it. So if you got that ABCD, it's a chance of a lifetime. Believe me that it's a lifetime because if you miss these things, there's gonna be another train coming down the track very easily to see this. Now we're almost near the new lows of the day here in the Dow Jones E-mini, the S&P just almost tagged the new low just a minute ago. So we still think we're heading down into that direction.  It's jumped more than 60 pips off the high. That 3-8-2 acting well. The bonds folks, the bonds came within six ticks of that number down there at $136.26. We're trading a handle higher. We'll see you on the flip side tomorrow.<PHONE_NUMBER>.


I'm David Larch. Unfortunately Rob couldn't be with us today but he contributed a lot to this project. So we're just two MIT students. We don't really have any more credentials than that. It's playing with locks as a hobby for us as I imagine it is with a lot of you guys. If you want to contact us, locks, L-O-C-K-S at MIT.edu. And I hope you enjoy this talk. We're going to talk about the Schlage Primus lock. How many of you guys were just here for Mark's talk? Mark and Toby. Fantastic. The first part I'm going to talk about is how Pintumbler locks work. So I guess we can do more of a quiz than an informational session here.  Now, if you insert the correct key, you raise all of the pin stacks up to the interface between the plug and the body, which allows the plug to turn. Now, what's that interface called? Sheerline. Wonderful. And so we have a video here. You want to do this? Sure. This is a cutaway lock so you can see the pins inside of it. You see that? Now, as you insert the key, you can watch the pins move up and down. When it's not inserted all the way, you can see there's a split that's above the shearline. And so the bottom pin is blocking the plug from turning. If you insert it all the way, then all of the splits line up and you can turn the plug. Everybody see that? Great. Now, these locks are vulnerable to a lot of different things. One thing, as Mark and Toby talked about, is key duplication. You can take these keys to any old hardware store and they will copy them for you. Now, another attack that you can perform in these locks is manipulation attacks. This includes picking and impressioning. And inserting long wires in the keyway to get the tell piece. Now, I'll go over those quickly since Mark and Toby didn't talk about them a lot. Picking is where you exploit the mechanical defects in the lock. By applying torque to the plug, you can cause all the pinstacks to bind. Now, if in a perfect lock, they would all bind at the same time and at that point you'd be screwed. But because the holes are slightly misaligned, when you put torque on the plug, only one of them is going to bind. And if you use a pick to then raise that pin up to the shearline, then it will set. The plug will turn a very small amount and it will trap the top pin up and the bottom pin down and then you don't have to worry about it anymore. And you can repeat that for every pin until the lock is open. Impressioning, I'm not going to go into great detail on that because I'm not very good at it. It involves taking a blank key, wiggling it up and down a lot and using the torque and binding action to produce marks on the key. And then you can file down those positions until you end up with a working key. So, Pintumbler locks is a necessary background for the Schlage Primus because if you look on the top of the Schlage Primus key, there is a standard Pintumbler top bidding. The Schlage Primus just adds a second independent locking mechanism, which is this little squiggly line at the bottom of the key. And we're going to call that the side bidding. And now, an important part about the Primus key is that you can completely separate these two things. In fact, we've cut a couple keys in half so that we can play with just the side bar or just the top bidding. Now, you can see here is a side bar only. And then here, here's a full key. It's actually a blank key with just the side milling on it. Now, you can pick these locks. Can anybody in the audience pick a Primus lock? Has anybody done it before? One guy in the back. Well, I salute you. You're much more skilled than I am. We cannot pick Primus locks. I know I have one friend who can do it. He's very good at it. But we have to resort to more primitive methods of opening these. Now, so what we're going to do is we're going to not look at keyless entry. We're going to look at key duplication attacks. So this is basically using information that, you know, you gather somehow about the key and producing a working key to the lock. There's a lot of things in place to restrict this. For instance, the way you actually get these keys from Schlag is you have to send them your proof that you are who you say you are and that you are entitled to get these keys.  Now, this key is blank in the sense that it doesn't have any top bidding on it. But it does have a side bar. Schlag claims that they are the only ones who can produce this side bar. And they go through great extents and charge you a lot of money to get sidebars. And so in order to attack this lock, we go through four steps. First, we need to figure out how exactly this side milling works and how it actuates the parts in the lock. We're then going to create a 3D model of the Primus key, which is, you know, of course, the first step in any good manufacturing process. Then we're going to look at several different ways of fabricating keys, both additive and subtractive processes. And the implications of this for Primus and high security locks and pretty much mechanical locks everywhere. All right. So we'll start out with reverse engineering the Primus. And now we're calling it reverse engineering, but there is nothing difficult about this. There's no great amount of intelligence required. So start out with a Primus key, as you don't know anything else about the lock. And what does it say on it? Primus, do not duplicate. Actually, we may have to end a little early now. So thank you all for coming. But then the third line of the key is quite interesting. It's a U.S. patent number. Now, I'm guessing Schlage thinks that the patent makes the key more secure. They can use it to pursue a legal action against anyone that's so foolish as to try duplicating these. But actually, U.S. patent filings are public. So you look it up and you get... This is one of about 20 pages of technical drawings and documents explaining exactly how it works. So you can see that on this key there are the usual six cuts on the top of the key. There are five additional cuts on the side of the key. And there's the second independent mechanism in the side of the lock which is actuated by those five cuts on the side. And we'll take a closer look at that soon. So you read through this patent and you get a basic idea of how it operates. But there's a lot more information that's easily accessible. So suppose you do a Google search for Primus Service Manual. Well, there you are. They have it up on their website. And if we look inside there, there are some fantastic technical drawings that they've provided to us. So here you can see how that side mechanism is actuated. There's a L-shaped pin called a finger pin which rides up and down in those grooves on the side of the key. And that meshes into this sidebar, very similar to the sidebar in the previous talk if you were in here. And when those finger pins are lined up properly with the sidebar, as you can see in the drawings at right, the sidebar can retract and the cylinder can open. And if those finger pins are not aligned correctly, they will block the sidebar and that will prevent the lock from opening. So the finger pins have got to be lifted to the correct height and rotated to the correct angle. They have two degrees of freedom. So let's take a look. Here is a cutaway lock and a sidebar. So you can see in there the finger pins, you'll see them moving and you can see they're going to be misaligned until the key is all the way in and then suddenly all five of them will be lined up. So can you maybe rotate it back and forth a little just to get the right angle of light on them? So they're all lined up when the key is all the way in and not in any other circumstance. And if the wrong sidebar is used, then of course they won't line up. Do you want to show this one? Not yet. So that's basically it for the operation of this lock. If there are any missing details, you can of course take one apart and look. But it turns out that the awesome folks at Lock Weekie already did that and put up the trick. Thank you, Datagram. So all you have to do is look around for Schlage Primus photos and you can see exactly how this sidebar works. It's got little notches in it and there are bumps on the finger pins that fit into those notches exactly as long as the bump is in the right spot. So this is the lock and Schlage believes that because of the sidebar, it's quite secure, resistant to duplication and manipulation attacks and they're almost right. So the next thing we'll take a look at is 3D modeling primus keys. So that is now that you have an idea of how it works, figuring out the exact dimensions that are needed in order to align those finger pins and the pins on the top as well as to make a key that will fit into the lock. So we'll start out with the top cuts because that's the easy part. This is a page from the service manual. This is backwards compatible with non-primus Schlage locks so none of this is a secret at all and this is all the information you need for the top of the key. The side of the key is a bit more interesting because Schlage tells you that there are six positions for each cut. They can be left, center or right and high or low. So what we did to figure out the dimensions for this, not using any special tools, we just put some keys on a flatbed scanner, run them through at 1200 DPI and extract the parameters. And we got nice results. Here they are. Now you know. And you can also see here a picture from the service manual showing how those different positions actually map onto a key. So this is the side bar that would be called 62426, deep right, deep left, deep center, deep left, deep right. And that's about it for the side bidding. There are a couple of other things we have to take care of in order to make a key that can be used. We have a minimum slope on the ramps leading down to each cut because these pins have the freedom to rotate. That's got to be steep enough that they'll actually slide down to the bottom of the cut. Otherwise the friction will keep it misaligned. There's also a maximum slope there because if the ramp is too steep, the finger pins will get hung up and the key won't be able to go in and out. So because there's this rotating pin, you have to balance out these two factors. And there's only a fairly narrow range of slopes that work. And finally the bottom of that cut has just got to be radius to match the curvature of a finger pin in the lock. So we went through and figured out those parameters as well. And that's it for the dimensions you need for all of the control surfaces of the lock. With this you can put all of the top pins in the right place, all of the finger pins in the right place, and then it's open. Of course the last piece is we do need a key cross-section that will fit in the lock. Now conveniently Schlage has this LP keyway which fits in all of their standard Primus locks. And if we just remove a bit more material from that, it fits in their restricted keyways as well. And we speculate that the reason this is possible is that this sidebar mechanism imposes such severe constraints on the key in that the key has got to have this, I'll show you, where's the real one? There's got to be a big hole in the side of the key so that the finger pins can ride on those grooves. There's got to be a sidebar, there's got to be material here for the side cuts. There's very little flexibility to remove additional material around the sidebar. So in that respect the sidebar is actually making it less secure than a regular lock where there could be a very complicated warding blocking a key. And once we have that key cross-section, the last thing to do is to put all these pieces together into a 3D model. And to do that we used a really cool program called OpenSCAD. Now OpenSCAD is a programming language with a C-like syntax that actually compiles to 3D models. It was first used to model keys by a guy named Naira Patel. It was in 2011, so we saw that and thought it was really cool and went ahead and implemented the Primus key. It was only a few hundred lines of code, not a lot of work, considering the purported security of this lock. Here's an example of what it looks like. This is our top level function called key which is taking the top code and side code as arguments and it's calling out to a bunch of different functions that are going to draw the top of the key and the side of the key and subtract out all of the bumps that need to be subtracted out. And this is what you get. You call the function key and you get a 3D model of a working Primus key. And now in order to make this useful, we'll tell you about a bunch of different methods that you can use to easily and cheaply fabricate these. Yeah, so 3D models are great for eye candy, but it's useless if you can't actually make it. Now, back when we, has anybody filed keys by hand, show of hands?  Now, we thought that for hand machining a Primus key would be impossible. Until one day our friend Rob sends us an email with a key that he cut by hand opening a Primus lock. And we're like, wow, how did you do this? Well, he used very complicated tools, actually, he used a Dremel, a pair of calipers, and a hardware store key blank, that's the only material cost, is a stock Schlage blank. And he basically, you know, scribed onto the key with the calipers all of the dimensions from our 3D model, and then went at it with a Dremel for about an hour, and stuck it in the lock and it worked. And he's done this a few times now to the point where you hand him the 11 numbers describing the key, and in 45 minutes he'll hand you a key that'll open the lock. It's fantastic. Now, here's some photos of the process. You can see the stock Schlage key blank doesn't fit in the Primus key way, because they add a few additional wards to prevent you from breaking the finger pin mechanism. So, you'd thin down the key a little using the Dremel. You can see some of the complicated tools we have in our key duplication lab, such as calipers and the Dremel, also happens that our key duplication lab doubles as our kitchen table. So once the key is thinned down enough to fit in the Primus key way, you can start cutting the valleys for the finger pins to settle into. Here we've cut two of them, and you basically scribe onto, like I said, scribe onto the key with the calipers, Dremel, you know, scribe some more measure, repeat ad nauseam. Here's it with almost all the cuts completed, just sort of polishing it up, and then you stick it in the lock and it opens. And we have that to show you now. So, here is the hardware store key blank. This one, I think, was 25 cents, because we got it online. Here is the result. Can you get that? Yeah, there's the part we Dremel'd out. Here's the stock blank from the Schlagg factory, you can see the bidding there. Compare that to ours. And let's put it in the lock. Here's the stock key blank opening the lock. So that works fine. Here's our key opening the lock. So that's it, you can Dremel it. So if you've had a couple too many cups of coffee, and you don't have a steady enough hand to Dremel this, of course, the next logical step is to try a CNC machine. This is how the Schlagg factory makes their keys, is they start with a key with too much material and they put it in a high speed mill, and they mill out the sidebar using computer numerical control. If you are interested in outsourcing this job to a machine shop, if you want to try to produce a prime ski yourself, you'll find the setup cost is enormous, simply because you have to, there's a lot of work involved in fixturing the key, and a lot of common milling machines don't have the spindle speeds necessary to operate the small tool diameters you need. And so a better tool than a large, unique style mill is probably a desktop micro mill, and these are slowly percolating through the market. Keep an eye out for ones in the near future that'll run you probably $1,000 or a little less. The one shown here is the other mill by other labs, which, according to the specs, would be capable of milling down a stock Schlagg key blank into a primus key. This one's not out yet. It's a funded Kickstarter project. But the most exciting thing that we tried was 3D printing, and that's a sort of a new space because it's only recently that 3D printers have hit the levels of precision necessary to open a high security lock. So we took that 3D model and just sent it to our favorite 3D printing websites, Shapeways.com and iDot Materialize. We got keys back in three different materials here. We tried two different plastic processes and titanium, which was pretty cool. And, well, it turns out that they all worked. So we're going to show you that now. So the first material we tried was the Shapeways process called Frosted Ultra Detail because we thought we want to get as much precision as we can here. And this is a stereolithography process, UV cured. It's very expensive. There's a $5 setup cost and then it's going to run you $2 per key. How much does it cost to get you regular keys to be headed at the hardware store? $3? And we found the precision was excellent. Excellent on the key that came back. We measured it. It was great. The issue with this material was that it's not that strong. It was plenty strong to, you know, attack the sidebar and turn the cylinder. But when it comes to actually pulling back a latch or freeing the hasp on a rusty padlock, we'd be worried that it would break off. But there are a lot of things that don't require that like figuring out whether you have the correct key for a lock or removing the cylinder from an interchangeable core system. So let's take a look at this key here. That's what it looks like. We don't put the bumps between the cuts because they're useless and they just add friction. There it is, going into a Primus lock and it's open, real smooth. So the next thing we tried was a different shape ways process. This one is called white strong and flexible. And this is laser centered nylon. This one was actually cheaper. It was only $3 total. The issue here was the precision. This is not a very high resolution process but it turns out it's enough. And when we got the key back, it's a little less smooth going into the lock. Sometimes you've got to give it a jiggle. But it works and it was strong enough to operate most locks because it's a more elastic material. So we can take a look at that. See if you can see the sidebar there, it's a little bit hard. Yeah, there's a side bar, it's just hiding. It's a little bit harder to insert into the lock. But once it's in, it opens fine and it's quite strong. Oh, by the way, we brought an old failed attempt here. This was for a key that didn't open anything but just to give you an idea of how brittle the first one was. There, that's it. So you don't want that happening in a lot of cases where you might be using a plastic key. And then the third thing we tried sort of just to geek out was this titanium process which sounded amazing. We're gonna deposit titanium powder and fuse it together with a laser. And that turned out awesome. The downside is that it ran us $150 for one key. But, you wanna show that? It is an amazing looking thing. We measured it and it was more precise than my calipers so I can't actually tell you how good it is. But it's certainly within the... It's better than the Schlage factory, most likely. Yeah, so here it is. We can go into the lock and no problem. And this stuff is super strong. So there it is, 3D printing three different ways. And I suspect there are many more ways that you could get this. A lot of these outfits are just starting to do a lost wax casting where they actually have 3D printers that print in wax and then they maybe they'll even give you a key out of brass. So we have no reason to suspect that any of these other processes wouldn't work just as well. And we also expect to see these prices drop quite soon because the two laser-sintered processes which is the white one and titanium are both currently covered by patents. So there's a royalty fee that's part of each of these costs and those patents expire in 2014. And historically speaking, when the FDM patents expired those prices went down, I don't know, 25, 30%. So... And we started seeing things like MakerBot. So it's gonna be exciting. Maybe we'll even get down to a one or $2 key here. So finally, let's take a look at what this means. So first for Primus locks, key decoding is easy. We know all of these dimensions now. All you're gonna need is a key or else a picture of a key or else a good look at a key if you've got a sense of how deep those cuts are. But it's not gonna be hard, especially for decoding that sidebar which is the high security part because there's only six possibilities for each cut and they look quite different. And of course that means that key duplication is going to be easy because once you've decoded your key you're going to need the open SCAD code that we're releasing and a few dollars to send off to ShapeWaste and that's it. You've got your copy of the key probably even easier than going to the hardware store because you can do it from home. So one thing that this means is that master key extrapolation is easy. There's a standard attack that can be executed on regular pin tumbler locks in which you start with your known change key and a couple of key blanks and you can use them to test out one pin at a time to find where the master cut is. Well in a master system the sidebar is the same on every key because that's just built into the key blanks. And now that we have the ability to produce blanks with that sidebar you can execute the same attack and this is effectively just a regular pin tumbler lock. Have you guys seen the Matt Blaise paper on that? Show of hands? Yeah. It's a great paper. Google Matt Blaise key or writes amplification in master key systems. But keyless manipulation is still hard. These things are still a real pain to pick and so we're just looking at starting with some source of the information contained in a key. Although know that that's not gonna be too hard to come by. There's been other work in decoding keys from photographs. There's a team at Berkeley I believe with a project called Sneaky which may have been at one of these conferences a few years ago. They successfully decoded a regular pin tumbler key from a guy sitting at a table in the street from the roof of a four story building across the street with a telephoto lens. So if you see anyone walking around with their keys hanging from their belt you could probably get a copy of one of those. All right, so we're gonna have to recommend that you probably don't wanna use a primus lock for high security stuff and if you're using primus locks already definitely consider what it means if anyone at all can go duplicate a key. I mean, it's not new that you could duplicate a key. You could get a machinist to do this before but what's new is now anyone can do it. There's no barrier in terms of knowledge needed no cost barrier, anyone who feels like it. But the interesting thing is this methodology is not really specific to primus locks. There's no specific weakness in the primus that we're exploiting here. Any physical lock with a physical key can be modeled and printed. So it's an industry wide problem that's probably gonna start cropping up now because 3D printing is really just starting to have these precisions. Key duplication will be much more accessible. It'll be sort of like the scene right now for pirating movies. It still takes one person who can go and decrypt the Blu-ray disc or go take their video camera into a theater but as soon as they've done it the entire internet can download the movie. So now it's gonna take one person to go ahead and model a key and the entire world can go and download and print them off. So I think we'll find those people to make the models. And so physical security is gonna start depending on information security. We're breaking into physical systems here by writing code for a key. I think that's pretty cool. And patent protection, I think that's gonna become a lot less of a useful buzzword for the lock companies because they can use the patents to threaten legal action against people who are making physical reproductions of their patented key design. I don't think they'll be able to go after people who are merely releasing 3D models of the keys because that's effectively the same information that's contained in the patent filing. So they could go after each individual person that is known to have printed one of these keys but I don't think they'll be able to do anything to stop the distribution of these models even on a patented key system. Though we're not lawyers, so you should probably talk to Mark Tobias if you want more information.  So. So here's some other keys that have been 3D printed. Now this is a space that's really just starting to develop and this is all recent work but you can 3D print a car key. This is for a mini grouper. Of course this does nothing about the chip in the key so this fellow had to keep the real key nearby to drive the car but it works through the physical section. Disc detainer key used commonly in bike locks and some other stuff. People have 3D printed handcuff keys. So in the field is wide open. Anything that's just a physical lock, you can model it, put that model up on Thingiverse or wherever it is will be distributing key models and people can print it out. So we have some audience projects here that would be really cool if someone else wanted to do. We'd like to see 3D models of other keys here in open SCAD because it's not that hard. Especially Medico which a lot of people think is the highest security of the high security locks. If you've ever looked at Mark Tobias' book about Medico he's actually published most of the dimensions that you'll need already. Probably could crank out a model of that in a day if you wanted. It would be neat to integrate these 3D models with existing image-to-key decoding software to make that process fully automatic and especially for regular residential keys that should be fairly straightforward. Maybe there's a market for an Android app, iPhone app, take a picture of your key, get a new key in the mail. Really? Take a picture of it and keep it off. And it would be neat to have a place to go to exchange these 3D models. The Pirate Bay for keys. And well here's some food for thought. If you're from the New York area you may have heard about these a few months ago. There's a lot of people that got sort of upset because a retired locksmith was selling this set of five keys on eBay. The New York Post published the story, called them the master keys to New York. And these are keys that are used by law enforcement personnel, fire departments in New York City and they operate things like the fire overrides and elevators and the keys to electrical circuit breaker boxes and other cool things. And people were starting to get sort of upset that a single set of these keys had leaked out. But what's gonna happen when someone makes the 3D models for these keys? These have got to be in hundreds of different buildings. There's no way to change these locks. And the interesting thing is this picture here published by the New York Post has probably got enough resolution. And you could go ahead and do it right now. And also one of the major voting machine manufacturers uses the same key on all of their voting machines and I believe they at one point put a picture of this key on their website. But even if not, I mean, how long will it be until a single one of those keys leaks out there? Someone models it, $2, you can buy a voting machine key to play with. So if 3D printing keeps picking up, we don't see how this isn't gonna be just a major, major change in the field of physical locks. So I think that's about all we have here. We have a couple of people to thank. Do you have the? Yeah, sure. We have, of course, like I said, a lot of people worked on this, but it would be silly to have all six of us up here. So I'd like to thank Gabe, Vicki, and Brian for helping out with the decoding. Of course, Rob, who couldn't be here. But also Vincent, who was the person manufacturing the here with the Dremel and the photos we showed. And of course, Schlage as a company for publishing all of their fantastic drawings. And the MIT locks for community for getting us interested in this in the first place. Thank you very much. So yeah.


All right, all right. So yay, I actually have this problem all the time. I teach, no clap, we don't have time. I teach a class at Boston University and I have this issue all the time. Every single one of the students is a Mac user. There's like two Windows users, there's 30 kids and I have this problem every week I should have known but it's cute con, I mean come on, Linux. So my daughter drew this for me and this is all the stuff that's going around my head for the past year. This talk is all about everything I've been working on over the past year and it's a lot of different stuff, maybe too much but in some way it all comes together and that's what I want to talk about because it's all about Kubernetes because everything we do is cloud native now and I've been working with Kubernetes since 2015. I knew absolutely nothing when I started but I've worked my way up now. I am a principal software engineer. I work in emerging tech at Red Hat and I always say that I just glue things together. I take different tools, usually containerize and I figure out new ways to use them or new projects to bring together and that's kind of my specialty. So a lot of, I've been working a lot with the Edge and I've seen three main areas that seem like they're really not solved problems. I work with some customers, a lot of solutions architects and these three areas, how do you update your system at the Edge? How do you update your workloads running at the Edge and observability? So I've been working on all of these separately but I'm gonna attempt to show you a bit about putting them all together and we all know that open source has paved the road for edge computing and that Kubernetes is the backbone of the internet. That's what I tell my kids when they ask me what I do but Kubernetes at the Edge or EdgeWorkers in general, they have challenges that you don't have at traditional data centers and we all know this but it's the limited hardware, remote locations. The things I already mentioned, how do you scale? How do you update? The main idea is that your Edge operating system is best if it's mostly immutable and mostly read only. If you think about how containers took over the world years ago, it's kind of the same idea that everything you need for your workload is baked into the container image and extending that to the Edge works really well and at Red Hat we've been doing this for years with RPMOS tree so if you remember CoreOS joined Red Hat some years ago just about when we were updating OpenShift to OpenShift 4 and they had their container Linux operating system and Colin Walters who's like my hero at Red Hat, he's amazing, he had Project Atomic and they were both very similar ideas. They both were OS tree-based, container native, optimized for running containers, immutable, mostly read only or the couple of directories where you can save your state. This works the best for Edge and we used it as the host system for OpenShift, OpenShift 4 and it has been that way for many years but some exciting work, this stuff that I'm the most looking forward to working on this year in the coming months is really extending this concept of containerized operating system to the Edge. So there are some projects you might want to check out like Universal Blue, there are a few companies doing this Red Hat but if you're in the market for buying an operating system might I suggest Red Hat Device Edge because we have recently rolled this out and it is just that it's a RPMOS tree-based operating system that is best suited for Edge management. The thing I'm really looking forward to telling you is when you treat an operating system image like a container image that opens up all of the container OCI tools for updating your operating system such as container files or Docker files, you can simply with some RPMOS tree magic and there's a new project boot-see that you might check out also, you can set up a container file and start from your operating system image, do some updates and build the new commit. You can, where Kubernetes comes into this is I have a Kubernetes, I'm gonna try to show this, I don't know if we'll have time but nope, nevermind. We're gonna have to meet elsewhere because I just really, well, I'm just gonna tell you about it then. So I have two minutes left, thanks Benny. So Colin has this demo where he has auto update system deservice on his Edge host and he has completely locked it, he's removed sudo, cut off SSH and there's just a simple Edge workload running, a web server and what that leaves is a completely locked down Edge device where it can get its updates from a container registry. So later today I'll be talking about SIG Store and digital signing and so the demo was going to be showing a private SIG Store stack running on Kubernetes and you build your operating system image through whatever CICD pipeline you have. You sign, digitally sign it with SIG Store, you can set your policy at your Edge device to only be able to pull down those images that were signed by the identity and the service account that you expect and how RPMOS tree works is you pull down the image and it automatically updates your system and boots into the new operating system. It's fully, it's just as if you're starting up a new container, it's super cool, it's a bootable container image with the kernel inside. So workload updates are also a hairy subject with Edge, everybody does it a different way but the one thing is for sure is it has to be automated through a central location. So that's where Kubernetes definitely helps. You can take your automation platform of choice, I'm familiar with Ansible Automation Platform and it's all through container images again. When it gets difficult is when you start to introduce AI and we are definitely all starting to introduce AI and AI inferencing at the Edge, training your models at the data center. That's where you might want to step it up a notch and use Kubernetes native workflows at the Edge and that is where these low footprint Kubernetes distributions fit in. So Red Hat has micro shift that they're rolling out currently, it's a lightweight enterprise ready Kubernetes distribution, super cool and Ricardo will be with Lockheed Martin will be talking about that this week and so I definitely suggest you check it out. But there are others and being able to just seamlessly use your Kubernetes language from the Edge to the data center from your CI CD pipeline and roll it out on the Edge is important. Sure, if your Edge workload can be run with a few pod man or Docker containers in a system D unit file, great, that's probably best. But if you need more, then you might want to check out micro shift and I'm out of time but the last thing is observability. The key to observability at the Edge is the open telemetry project and the open telemetry collector. The open telemetry collector enables this single point of connection from your Edge workloads to a gateway on your central observability stack and it works really well and that's what a lot of our customers and technical architects and solution architects were all working on bringing solutions that are really centered on the open telemetry collector and the project. I do have a few more talks today on Kepler and the observability day and then OpenShift Commons today too so maybe you'll catch me there but please like ask me questions about anything you saw here and we can talk more, I apologize. Yep, thanks.