Welcome everyone to this historic moment, Conscious Planet's save soil event here at the Excel Center in London. In the last few weeks, we've seen a huge support for the save soil movement, both here in London and around the world.  It's a great pleasure for me, these beautiful nations, these pearls of the ocean, which are the Caribbean nations are going for this first. Soil is not a separate subject. If we're interested in health, if we're interested in agriculture, if we're interested in the well-being of the citizens of today and the unborn child of tomorrow, attending to soil right now, attending to the soil biodiversity right now, this is a must-do thing in our life. Right now, if we act now, if we bring in the policies and start implementing this, in the next 12 to 15 years, we can make a significant turnaround. So this Memorandum of Understanding that we are signing, it will also bring some technical assistance to the Caribbean region. This is a historic moment because here is the first step to turnaround. Sir Guru, welcome to the daily show, wonderful. I know that we also are facing a soil crisis where some people are estimating that if we do nothing in 50 years time, we may not be able to grow anything because we may run out of soil, which, forgive my ignorance, I did not know that soil is even something that we could run out of. The thing is, this has happened in the last 50 to 100 years of industrialized farming that the organic content in the soil is going away because there's no replenishment. Are you getting any signs that governments are enthusiastic to try and do something about this? See, in the last two years I've been talking to various country heads, various politicians, political parties. We have written to 730 political parties on the planet to make sure that they include soil and ecology as a part of their election manifestos as their political philosophy. Whatever they believe in, right, left, center, whatever they are, soil is one thing which is a common factor for all of us. We're always looking at what divides us.  So this is something that you're very concerned about and rightly so, that there's a problem with the topsoil in America. Fifty percent of the American farmers have not seen a dollar in the last twelve years and the highest suicide rate among all professions is among the farming community in the United States. I don't want to be that one who didn't care enough to do something which matters because right now we are consuming the soil and food that belongs to the unborn child. This is a crime against humanity. I hear you. Let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. His spiritualist techniques have gained him a following of millions and we welcome him. In the first fifteen to eighteen inches of the soil, you are a consequence of that. Even now over sixty percent of your body is actually microbial life, only forty percent is of parental genetics. So ignoring that, thinking you can destroy the soil and live happily upon this planet is just a pipe dream, it's not going to work. You were interviewed by Trevor Noah, who is the darling of the left and then you were interviewed by Joe Rogan, who is the beloved of the right recently. So is it Sadhguru who unites the left and the right or the very important… Soil. Soil unites left, right, centre, everybody. Sadhguruji has said it's important for all, particularly leaders whose decisions affect millions of lives to be conscious and inclusive. And this is where each one of us can help. How are we going to make farming more respectable and more profitable as well? When I go to the farmer, we are only talking economics. How to enhance your income. And if you want next generation to go for agriculture, this is the only solution that he must make more money than a lawyer or a doctor or an IT professional. Wish you a very successful, joyful, accelerating journey. I will take care of the acceleration and enjoy myself. What I need is, next hundred days from 21st of March, we want the whole world to talk about soil. How can we involve women as leaders in climate action?  Unfortunately, adults have come to this place where if I see him, I will see what country belongs to, what race is he, what religion is he, what caste is he, what creed is he, all this nonsense. But when this year child, a girl child, I believe people's hearts will become a little more tender. If you want to say, I love you to your child, you must just say save soil, because it is a more committed way of saying I love you. Sagar's gift of making a systemic issue so personal to each and one of us in this room and the generation of responsibility so relevant for everyone. You know, it's shocking and unnerving, we need to take this up and save the soil and act more sensibly and responsibly. It's an extraordinary campaign. It echoes what we in the Commonwealth have been aspiring to do for a number of years. It's you in the toss. I'm batting a bowling. I want to go to the pavilion. I can't be here. You're here, right? Take a picture next to the couple. It's a great pleasure to welcome you to London. You are probably one of the most famous Indians and what you're doing today is really important because people like you who have a wonderful following of millions and millions of people and what you're doing with that is so important with saving the soil. If only they could have seen this at COP26. So I think what you're doing is phenomenally important. You must write to the Prime Minister, save the soil, okay? Good afternoon, everyone. Before we welcome our distinguished guests to the stage, we hope to take a moment to highlight the significance of this event and the movement that Sackler is launching here. Rather than a doomsday warning, the save soil event is a rallying call. We have a window of opportunity to be the generation that brought ourselves back from the brink rather than the one that let us fall over. With this in mind, tomorrow, Sackler will be starting a 100-day journey across 27 nations as a lone motorcyclist, meeting global leaders, influencers, citizens, and their elected representatives. He will be raising awareness to restore soil health. Are you with him? The save soil movement's aim is to unite and inspire 3.5 billion people to support long-term policies to revitalize soil. Ultimately, not for ourselves, but for future generations, whose future we have the opportunity to protect. We would like to show you a short video now on the save soil movement. We are talking about climate change, carbon emissions, and global warming and various other aspects, but we are not addressing soil. Soil is the habitat upon which zillions of lives thrive. Once there is no richness in soil, then you have forsaken the planet in many ways. Every responsible scientist in the world and the UN agencies are clearly saying we have only eighty to hundred harvests left. That means approximately forty-five to fifty years of agricultural soil left on the planet. By 2045, we will be producing forty percent less food than what we are producing right now and our populations will be 9.3 billion people. The food shortages that could manifest in the next twenty-five years, the consequences of that is unimaginable. Civil wars will unfold across the world once there is food shortage. What we are facing now is soil extinction. Why is soil becoming extinct? Where is it going away? What is happening to our soil? Let us understand if you add organic content to sand, sand will turn into soil. If you remove all organic content from the soil, soil will become sand. In normal agricultural soil, the minimum organic content should be between three to six percent. The most minimum is three percent. At least this minimum to keep the soil alive, to keep the soil as living soil is a must. Agricultural soils across the world, the depletion is so heavy, in most countries more than fifty percent of the top soil is already gone in the last hundred years. The nutrient levels have dropped significantly. The level of micronutrients you would get from your food in early twentieth century to what you are getting from the same food now has dropped ninety percent. If you ate one orange in nineteen twenties, what you got from it? Now in twenty twenty, if you have to get the same, you will have to eat eight oranges. This is what we have done to our food. Soil is the biggest ecosystem on the planet and so few people know anything about it. One teaspoon of healthy soil probably contains more microbes than there are people on earth. The microbial life in the first twelve to fifteen inches of top soil is the basis of our existence. It is this magic beneath our feet which has produced the life that we are. This first twelve to fifteen inches of soil is the basis of life for eighty-seven percent of life on this planet including you and me. We have to begin to recognize that what we call our soil, mother earth is a living organism. Open soils, ripped open by ploughing, open to sunlight is the basis of destruction of microbial life. So the focus should be on agriculture, the focus should be on seeing that land is under shade as much as possible. Some kind of shade, grasses, herbs, bushes, trees. Conscious Planet is launching Save Soil movement to bring about a policy change to regenerate soil. As a part of this, I am sixty-five and I am riding thirty-thousand kilometers a lone motorcycle journey thirty-thousand kilometers across twenty-four nations to activate support from the citizenry to assure the governments long-term investments will be appreciated. So it's extremely important that soil regeneration is enshrined in the policy of every government on the planet. We must change the narrative on the planet that soil is a wealth, a legacy we have received from previous generations and we have to pass it on as living soil for future generations. We are in a cusp of time if you do the right things now in the next fifteen to twenty-five years we can significantly turn this situation around and regenerate the soil. But if we allow this to progress like this for another thirty to forty years, after forty years if we attempt this then it could take hundred and fifty to two hundred years because that much loss of biodiversity would have happened. From twenty-first of March for one hundred days the whole world, every human being on the planet should talk soil. We must hear the word soil, save soil everywhere to see that the narrative on the planet changes towards the most vital aspect of our life, the soil. Each one of you should reach as many people as you can to make this happen. Many global leaders and influencers are already participating in the movement. Be a part of this and let us make it happen. From my part as much as I can contribute. We're going to save the soil, do your part. And saving the soils. Our future, our children's future and our planet's future depend on it. Save the soil. We know what we must do so let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. Let's make it happen. We would now like to request the right honourable Lord Karen Billimoria of Chelsea the 7th Chancellor of the University of Birmingham and the current President of the Confederation of the British Industry to please come to the podium. Sadguru, your Excellency. Wow, look at this. Welcome. It was my great honour and privilege as the 7th Chancellor of the University of Birmingham and the first Indian to be Chancellor for Russell Group University in Great Britain to welcome Sadguru yesterday at Birmingham. We had two events and you saw some of the film from those events and they were spectacular and he was spectacular as always. If I may humbly say the greatest thing that you can do in your lifetime is to change the world for the better. How many people looking back at history have genuinely done that? And I think, I think of just a few weeks ago I had the privilege to make a speech at the memorial service of Archbishop Desmond Tutu a fellow-fellow of my college at Cambridge, Sydney, Sussex where I was yesterday evening after Birmingham and when I spoke at that memorial service and you think of what that one man did to remove apartheid from South Africa with Nelson Mandela and he changed his country and he changed the world. Yesterday when we hosted Sadguru at Birmingham in one of the rooms I pointed out to him there was a statue of Mahatma Gandhi and if you've been to his ashram I will never forget this there's one of his sayings written on a wall Right versus might and that one man took on the biggest empire in the world at that time and he won. Right prevailed. So, Sadguru what he has achieved when I first met him years ago in Parliament and I've seen over the years how he has always always spoken such sense how he's been able to relate to everyone he meets with whether it's one to one, whether it's thousands of people whether it's at Mahasivaratri the other day when 140 million people watched what Sadguru was doing. So he rightly has this amazing ability he's one of the best communicators I've ever come across ever ever he has this amazing ability and we are blessed to benefit from that but if you have that ability you have the ability to change the world for the better and I as president of the confederation of British industry was at COP26 the UN climate change conference in November I was there for one and a half out of the two weeks and I looked at about 30 different events not one person mentioned soil no one 130 trillion dollars of investment is going to be available for climate change and the environment and biodiversity and climate change and not one person mentioned soil so here as Sadguru highlighting one of the biggest challenges ahead of us and that is save soil and make it happen he has said yesterday and you heard on the film that soil is a source of life he is talking about a living soil so we've now all got to make this happen and I'm so delighted as an entrepreneur I think Sadguru is a great entrepreneur he sees a problem he sees the solution and he wants to act and he wants to act quickly and that's what entrepreneurship is about and the other thing about entrepreneurship is there's one word that summarizes entrepreneurs more than anything else and other people is they have guts they have the guts to do it and they have the guts to never give up when other people would give up Sadguru never ever gives up so now all it remains for me to say is this Sadguru thank you for what you're doing we wish you every success as you set off tomorrow and thank you as a Zoroastrian Parsee for choosing Navarose Day the 21st of March New Year's Day for us to set off the spring equinox and as it happens at my younger son Josh's 21st birthday on the 21st of March 2022 so thank you Sadguru so 30,000 30,000 miles 3.5 billion people Sadguru you're going to change the world and make it a better place we wish you every success save soil let's make it happen thank you very much thank you sir for your insightful words we now invite her Excellency Gayatri Isha current High Commissioner of India to the UK to the podium Namaskar delighted to be here I wish Lord Karan Billimoria on Navarose Day tomorrow the Parsee New Year Sadguruji a warm welcome to London we are looking forward to the launch of your solo journey from London I had the privilege of welcoming you at the Indian High Commission where we spoke about how this kind of energy can be channelized and must be channelized to the lawmakers and to the makers of policy and in that direction it's wonderful that we have Lord Karan Billimoria here and over the last few days we have been interacting with such imminent thought leaders and thought influencers in London and the other cities in the United Kingdom friends we are going to be hearing from Sadguruji a unique thought leader who reminds us of the value of humanity how we can be happy healthy and conscious citizens of the planet that we must share in harmony with all the other gifts of nature in a sustainable way Sadguruji has a worldwide following of millions and a part of that following is here right in front of us he has channeled your positive energy to pursue higher purpose wherever collective action is the key to address global causes whether it is rejuvenation of rivers conservation of nature preservation of our planet and the gifts that we are enjoying now for the coming generations I'm happy that Guruji chose London for the launch of his Save the Soil campaign it is from here it is a very very important venue to start spreading his message and asking everyone on the way to help spread the word about the need for concerted action by the international community to bring policies and laws that specifically ensure conservation of soil Guruji will meet people along the way ordinary citizens representatives of the people governments and political leadership businessmen, industrialists people like you who will help him to raise awareness and to trigger result oriented initiatives that is important awareness is fine enthusiasm is fine but what are you going to do to trigger result oriented initiatives across the more than 25 nations along the way in your own places where you have come from Sadguru has recently signed understandings with six caribbean governments here in London the secretary general of the commonwealth which represents 2.5 billion of the people on the planet has pledged support through the commonwealth's living lands initiative one of the biggest supporters of Sadguruji Narendra Modi ji who represents 1.3 billion people in India Prime minister Modi has made our 1.3 billion people very conscious of India's ancient tradition of worshipping, preserving and living in harmony with nature in his words reduce, reuse recycle recover redesign and re-manufacture have been part of India's cultural ethos India will continue to act for climate resilient policies and practices as we have always done friends the united nations convention to combat desertification predicts that soil extinction could become a reality if soil degradation continues at the present rate the food and agricultural organization estimates that all the world's top soil may be extinct in only 60 years by 2045 food production may drop by 40% already as by that time the world's population would cross 9.3 billion so if humankind is to survive we really have no option but to preserve our ecology it is encouraging that through sustained efforts India today has 49 Ramsar sites that is specially preserved wetlands which are spread over 1.1 million hectares which were about to go extinct and a special effort has been made to save them our government has also made a long challenge pledge to bring under restoration 13 million hectares of degraded land by 2020 and an additional 8 million hectares by 2030 so since 2015 we have restored more than 11.5 million hectares of degraded land which you saw on the film looking very brown across the Indian peninsula so we are on track to achieve our national civilization neutrality commitment at COP26 recently that is November 2021 honorable prime minister of India announced a number of new and exceptional initiatives and national commitments which were very well received three of them are in pursuance of his personal initiatives related to capturing solar energy initiative for a coalition on disaster resilient green infrastructure and the third initiative was how to promote and live a sustainable lifestyle with the UK this theme is very much a part of our roadmap to 2030 we have a full chapter in our bilateral cooperation agenda on climate and under that we have agreed that we would take forward collaborative partnerships in protecting nature and biodiversity and a number of initiatives have been listed below that which are presently under implementation under the leadership of our external affairs minister Dr. S Jai Shankar and UK foreign secretary Madam Elizabeth Truss so we have launched together at pop26 the one son one world one grid initiative and the infrastructure for resilient island states India has also launched the lifestyle for environment a coalition of like-minded people to promote sustainable lifestyles so our prime minister has described this as a global movement of pro-planet people three P's a coalition for life so we invite you all to join or support or propagate or promote this trinity of three initiatives of India with these words about India's climate action and endeavors I request the respected Sadguruji to speak to us to inspire us on how we can do more please show us the way Guruji I thank you all once again without further adieu we warmly invite satguru to the stage someone was asking me Sadguru why are you wearing shades inside this is a message to the son when I am riding through northern Europe he must shine really bright when I when I enter Arabia the deserts of Arabia he must stone down a bit when I enter India he must shine bright once again and keep the monsoon away just in the areas where I am riding it's a deal so here we are we have been on a 250 day countdown to this day and tomorrow volunteers and a core group of people and many many others who have overnight become very strong volunteers without having been enrolled in any of our programs or spiritual processes just like that soil volunteers many prominent people around the world leaders people who hold responsible positions entrepreneurs variety of people I bow down to all of them to to bringing this moment to this level of aliveness and the heads of states of six Caribbean nations their enthusiasm and their commitment was unbelievable the way they responded to the whole thing and so eager to sign up another eight nations are preparing their documents to sign and as they mentioned Baroness Patricia now wanting to sign up with the Commonwealth nations which is 54 nations with 2.5 billion people population which is more than half of our target and above all many members of the parliament here the British Parliament the lords of British Parliament I'm sorry Honorable Karen Bellemoria is here and her excellency Gayatri Ji is here and various other people that I have spoken to the leaders who hold many responsible positions in the world the enthusiasm with which they have responded is fantastic at the same time what's been a bit shocking for me is that a whole lot of people who hold responsible position I've spoken to many many agricultural ministries around the world I found still most nations are treating soil as an inert substance that they could fix by adding nitrogen or phosphate or this or that it's very important that we bring this message to the world that soil is a living system it's a living force it is because of that living soil that every other life has sprouted on this planet whether it's a worm, insect, bird, animal, tree man, woman everything has only come from this soil well if we get it now it'll be wonderful otherwise of course we'll get it when we're buried that is also good but that's a shame on a generation that we didn't get it when we had to get it we got it much later we will get it anyway that is the thing you know there's an assurance we'll anyway get it but when we get it makes the difference this is true with your life also you wanted to get married but you couldn't make up your mind this one, this one, this one which one, which one, which one, which one on eighty-second birthday you made up your mind great at last you made it up but at eighty-two marriage will be a new sense that would be good when you're twenty-two twenty-five, thirty maybe even later but eighty-two you want to be, you know usually in India it's called vanaprastha that means people walk away from the family and go and live in a secluded place because at that time if you lived an active life if you missed everything at eighty-two you will be still feeling like a teenager that's a problem otherwise at that time you will see if you really lived your life every jingbang that's happening everything looks like a bit of a new sense you like to stay away from all that stuff it's a natural aspiration in a human being if one has matured at eighty-two if you're still feeling like eighteen it's a tragedy don't think it's a good thing because in western societies they're promoting if somebody is eighty and they're still pretending to be eighteen they say wow great you're still so young there's no worship about just being young all the time you need to get old it's very nice yes where is the sense in trying to be eighteen all the time it doesn't make sense when you need to grow old you need to grow old and it's nice hello so this whole thing about youthfulness is the biggest thing in your life no, no youthfulness is lot of energy but comes with a huge encumbrance of compulsiveness yes that is the time those of you who are little above youthfulness that is the time you did the most idiotic things in your life hello yes or no because you had the energy but you didn't have the balance in the wisdom and the knowledge and the experience of life so if you keep yourself well I was just telling them you know somebody was saying, Sadhguru you're getting to ride all kinds of good motorcycles this is their problem right now young people I said see when I was eighteen I was really dreaming of her riding a really good motorcycle and it got realized when I was sixty two so just keep yourself well because you don't know when your dreams will come true you don't know when your dreams will come true keep yourself ready hello so this journey well we will do it joyfully but it's not a joy ride in it as a joy ride stands for thirty thousand kilometers is at my age is definitely not a joy ride so why because I can quote many many things but to put it very simply for example in India because I see a whole lot of brown faces no no I think I think it's just my shades okay I understand in the last twenty years over three hundred thousand farmers have committed suicide if this doesn't wake you up what else I'm asking what else needs to happen what is it that needs to happen to wake up the humanity in you well people are sleeping peacefully I'm glad they sleep well but your humanity should be awake isn't it when you see such things unfolding we've been in the villages we've been working in a place called the suicide capital of India which is Yavatmal the Yavatmal region our volunteers are incessantly working they made some difference but without a whole economic situation changing without policy changes happening in that direction significant changes will not happen and permanent changes, sustainable changes will not happen this is not just in India it's across the world it's mostly unreported like just now the lord was saying in a conference where the entire world is involved to solve the problems of climate change and global warming there is no mention of soil I don't want to comment on that you must figure out why you must research and figure out why when soil accounts for forty percent of global warming and climate change process why the word soil is not mentioned you must look at it if you're a responsible citizen why is it so not just dismiss... oh they didn't mention they didn't mention no why do they not mention when somebody is talking about finding solutions why are not why are they not mentioning about the most important problem on the planet and which could have disastrous impact on our lives you find out about that I'll not get into the politics of it but even in United States the maximum number of suicides happened among any given profession farmers are the people who commit maximum number of suicides suicides in United States because in the last twelve years fifty percent of the country's farmers have not seen a single dollar of profit well you see massive migration happening from Africa trying to cross the Mediterranean and get to Europe terrible things are happening very cruel things because you can't just let people from a whole continent to enter another continent that's going to be another kind of disaster now can you push them back into the ocean it's a hard choice for everybody it's not a easy thing for those who want to come and for those who want to push back for both it's not a good choice to make somewhere you have to forsake your humanity to do certain things isn't it unfortunately that is the reality in which you are living who are these people who are coming up north into Africa wanting to get to Europe if their soil was rich if they could produce food if not for the marketplace at least for their own family if they could produce food do you think these people would drag their women and children and enter into some unknown place hello do you believe that do you believe that if they could grow not some commercial level of crops if they could grow food enough food for their own family they wouldn't leave the land and come they are coming because it's simply impossible to live desertification is happening you can't imagine in the last probably 25 years 10% increase of desert proper desert has happened in the African continent similar percentages happened everywhere it's more stark and visible in Africa but it's happened everywhere as you saw the India's map was looking almost 70% all like desert because 62% of India's soil has only less than 0.5% organic content this is very simple this is not some rocket science this has not happened because not of lack of technology or knowledge this has not happened only because of lack of commitment and sincere approach to what we need to do if you take sand you can try this at home take you know half or three fourths pot full of sand add another quarter of organic content mix it up plant anything you want it'll burst forth because sand becomes soil the moment you add organic content the moment you take away organic content soil becomes sand this is not new to us for thousands of years we've known this alright India is one land particularly southern India has a history of over 12,000 years of agriculture that is we've been farming the same land for over 12,000 years but we kept the fertility of the land really good but in the last 40-45 years it's become desert like because we got science science is supposed to solve bring solutions to us solve problems for us but now this is what it's brought not because there is any problem with the science because of the way it is being applied it's the application right now you can say there is a war the bombs the bigger and the better bombs I mean better, better means they'll kill you better that's what it means it's a little nourish show better bombs the best bombs in the world are a consequence of science and technology isn't it nothing wrong with science and technology but where do we use it how do we use it is a big question mark is a massive question mark isn't it so this soil degradation has happened because of the way we've conducted our science and technology what happened one because of ignorance another because of apathy another because of keyhole approach to different problems like people have been telling me Sadhguru what is this new project that you have started save soil this is not a new project but last 30 years I've been talking about the same thing well we talked about trees oh Sadhguru is talking about trees then he talks about water oh he's talking water now it's a new fashion then he's talking about rivers oh he's really fascinated about the rivers he loves Cauvery I'm saying what kind of idiot would think I'll talk about trees without thinking about the soil where do you think you'll grow the tree on your head I'm saying I'm saying people are repeatedly asked oh this new project this is not new 30 years incessantly we've been working to manifest this on the ground today come to a place that we can push it on the global scale this confidence that we can push it on the global scale has not come because of what's been done or not done because of absolute clarity of what can be done and it can be done I know it can always be done but people wouldn't believe it so we've manifested this on large scale projects where it's clearly visible that it can be done and it can be done in such a way that it's economically extremely beneficial to the farming community without that you cannot do it you may have a lot of science but if it does not benefit the farmer it's not going to happen so this manifestation has happened one in the form of project green hands where our effort was to push 10% green cover on the agricultural land so that the remaining 90% will have the necessary organic content growing on their own land if you want organic content there are only two sources I don't know what are the food apps in London in India there is Swiggy all kinds of things become very popular what is it delivery delivery okay you may order your food on your food app but somebody must cook it somewhere right somebody must grow it, somebody must buy it somebody must cook it then the app may deliver it to you with some convenience but right now I had parked myself in California for five days because we had to you know we are bringing out some a certain number of music celebrities are involved now they are making music for safe soil you will be surprised who all are involved because of that I sat there and every time I meet people many of them coming up to me and saying Sadhguru my friend has made an app it can solve everything so let me tell you this app technology may help us to... for better application that's what app means hello? application for better application you may use technology but the source material has to be there there are only two sources vegetative litter or green litter and animal waste there is simply nothing else you cannot bring organic content from the moon or Mars that's not suitable for our lens hello? it can only be green material and animal waste animals have gone out of the farm long time ago because they don't work there anymore machines have replaced well it's good but without animal waste you cannot fertilize the soil without green waste you cannot fertilize the soil trees have gone out animals have gone out machines have come the problem with machines is they don't shit yes really that's a problem the good thing about animals is they do and that is very essential because the nature of food cycle itself is such what one eats and what one excretes or the very body of that animal eats the food for another and another this is how the entire complex cycle of life has been set up this is also true in the soil that there are trillions and trillions of organisms which are busy all the time they are like Isha volunteers twenty-four hours I was if I remember rightly it was the denver airport when twenty-five thirty people gathered there because usually when I'm laying I don't announce otherwise they'll come to the airport and all of you make a mess out of security situations somehow these twenty-five thirty people got there all of them flowers in their hands and singing and dancing and laughing so one of the airport officers came and asked why are they all so happy and like this they're so happy that I'm leaving after four days because four days they've not slept four days they've not eaten properly four days their life has been dislocated now they're all celebrating that I'm just leaving well that's been our life so these microorganisms are incessant and relentless workers non-stop they're going on what is it that they're doing they're not doing anything else they must eat a lot not and shit a lot and that is ecology hello I'm making ecology simple simple as shit why why why Sadhguru talking this kind of language because I have said nice things for the last many years and you didn't get it so the plants or trees or any green substance that grows what is it that they're doing they're doing a magic called photosynthesis like all our volunteers are trying to do by wearing green shirts doesn't work like that it's symbolic see I'm autumn so this photosynthesis scientists predict that it could have been around a billion years ago when one algae or a fungi got really smart idea you know people have told you some of you might Indian people might have seen this advertisement you've seen that one so suddenly one day thousands of years ago a cave man usually a man is depicted it could have been a woman because who else would set fire first so a man got this idea and set fire to something and decided you could cook your food on the fire instead of eating everything raw since then whatever this app that you said is a now 21st century consequence but it is that one that somebody learned how to use fire to make their food yes or no it's from there so similarly well before you a billion years ago some algae or fungi got a bright idea to learn to cook the food from sunlight solar energy first solar panel was made one billion years ago and this perpetual solar energy using that started cooking its own food it is that cooking which is evolved into various apps no no various kinds of vegetation and leaves all the green material that you see on that planet is that cooking technology going on using the perpetual energy of the sun the plant is cooking up food cooking up food means oh what are you doing I thought you were about to attack me what happened okay she did this this this I think jacket I think I thought she is coming at me so started manufacturing food essentially drawing carbon from the atmosphere making it into carbon sugars so that they can exchange this for the food that the microbes hold the nutrients that the microbes hold without this cash this carbon cash this what it's today called what is it called carbon credit so carbon credit system started a billion years ago between the microbes and the plants between microbes which stay beneath the earth and those which function above the earth and turn green and this carbon credit system went on without the carbon sugars a plant cannot get its nutrients if you want to experiment don't do this already people have experimented enough I'm just telling you because it's very cruel to do this experiment if you take a tree and take off all the leaves from the tree again it will try to sprout very vigorously take off every leaf don't damage the rest of the tree just the leaves in twelve to eighteen months the tree will die because it has no cash there's no cash to buy food it will die this is how it is it's a very sophisticated and complex marketplace right beneath your feet all the time on so this photosynthesis changed the way life is upon this planet today you and me are here because that small or that extremely smart algae of fungi somehow found how to manufacture or cook food from the sunlight because at that time the oxygen level in the atmosphere was a shade over one percent today it is around twenty-one percent if this percentage of oxygen was not there in the atmosphere there is no way you and me can be here there is no way any of the complex animal forms could be here so essentially life as we know it all the life that you can see with your eyes is a manifestation of photosynthesis rest of the life they are very busy but you can't see them they are all microbial in nature if you did not know this only forty percent of your body is your parental genetics sixty percent is microbes so in case your parents are telling you too many things you can tell them you are only forty percent if you are just your mother she is just twenty percent I don't let that girl take it seriously I'm just joking okay because sixty percent is microbial activity that's what is keeping us alive the same is true with the soil beneath the soil without this enormous life system happening life on the surface would not happen so today the oxygen level is this much what we are talking about this is we want to change the narrative everybody is talking about carbon dioxide time to talk about oxygen isn't it hello if I say this a lot of people are going to get against me because they want to nail those hydrocarbon people they need not be nailed we need to transform them the oil companies the coal companies the power companies you should not nail them because all of us have used them hello all of us every one of us the lights are burning the microphone is working we are burning something isn't it we need to transform our businesses no question about that if things have to transform very quickly they need support they don't need a fight tell me when you are fighting somebody is there any room for your transformation hello when things are good we can sit down and see how to change things isn't it it's very very important that this confrontational approach to ecological and environmental solutions has to go it's very important that every business that is there however evil you think it is all of us are a part of it all of us have used products all of us have enhanced their marketplace yes or no we can decide to turn it around but that will take some time above all we must give that much time for them to transform also it's important so this whole business of being confrontational people say war and climate change if you want to launch a war you must get aggressive and hot inside you getting hot that means global warming is happening it's extremely important we approach it cool and nice what is the solution the problem we know and the problem is not elsewhere all of us are problem as a generation we are a problem as a generation we can become a solution what do you think problem or solution this is an opportunity we have that do we want to become a part of the problem or do we want to become a part of the solution this is the opportunity in every given situation especially now with the biodiversity and ecological issues that we are facing the soil regeneration we are facing this is the thing but Sadhguru what shall I do shall I roll up my sleeves and fix my garden that's very cute that's not a solution you must do that because it will give you some sense of what it is but that is not a solution right now the problem has reached such a place individual action is not going to be the solution individual action is wonderful that is an expression of who you are but that is not a solution solution can only happen if the solution gets enshrined in the policy of every nation on the planet otherwise solution will not happen we will only talk about it like someone was saying you know like I used to attend a lot of world peace conferences at one time sometime in early 2000 I said I will not come to anymore these peace conferences because this happened I will not name the conference because they are all very important people in the world this happened I am in a world peace conference a whole lot of people over forty two Nobel laureates are there and one of the important aspects of world peace is poverty elevation because when there is no food when there is poverty you can't really make peace with it it will go off so one Nobel laureate please don't start guessing the names came up on stage like this in the afternoon around two o'clock and he came up and went behind that and he had such thick papers I saw when I go to the conference I will be sitting right here in the front because I want to listen to every word thinking something will happen then he put his head down went on reading I am counting the turn of the pages world peace world peace so many things this is forty two pages he read then I looked around the whole hall had become really peaceful literally everybody except a security man and the hotel staff who are standing there the whole thing was asleep I am the only fool sitting there and listening I said what happened where all these people you know like this said no sir the guru yesterday evening Bacardi has organized some event world peace of course so when my turn came up I thought this is no point talking this I said see so much talk last three days I am sitting here into great speeches of world peace world peace world peace how many of you can genuinely put your hand on your heart and say your mind is peaceful he looked at each other what kind of absurd question is this how can mind be peaceful we are talking about world peace alright I said if your minds are not peaceful how can the world be peaceful if you and me are not here world is peaceful when all of you are sleeping it was peaceful when everybody is sleeping it is peaceful isn't it if you cannot bring peace to your mind do you believe you can make the world peaceful you think it's a possibility so don't take this into if I can't fix my garden can I fix the world soil that is not the way to look at it right now for policy change to happen policy is being drafted at various levels scientists have worked on it we have developed a policy document for every nation based on its latitudinal position there are fourteen types of soil that we have identified for the soil type the economic conditions of that given nation and agricultural traditions of that nation because even if you have all the science that you want without addressing the agricultural traditions of that land you cannot change things just like that so based on this we produce some basic policy towards all nations separately but this has to become enshrined in the policy as it is required for the given condition give for the given nation because we are not writing the policy for the nation we are only writing the recommendation direction rest of the policy has to be written by the sovereign nations it is not anybody's business to write policy for them but simple direction as to which way they should go what are the actual issues the science of it the economics of it and the social aspects of it the nation and the political leadership has to decide how that is a complex process by itself there is no one short solution for that they have to work that out in different countries in different ways but the simple thing is this that agricultural lands must have three to six percent organic content this must happen initially by incentives by encouragement by nudge if things don't work and if things really get bad then it has to become punitive military at some point because these things have happened to urban land isn't it there was a time you could build your house whichever way you want you go to the old parts of London and see there are any number of hundreds of homes with no concept of a window one door in and out through the same door have you seen homes like that all over but today if you want to build you have to allow some space you should they will come and demolish your house yes or no but such a law does not exist for agricultural lands anywhere in the world if you have ten acres of land you can plow every inch of it turn it into a desert in ten fifteen years time nobody there to ask you why have you done this this has to come what do you think it must come you may you may own the land as long as you live you may own the land but the soil is not our property it's a legacy that's come to us from previous generations in its living condition we must pass it on to the next generation that is a fundamental responsibility if we take away the basic source of life for future generations I in my thought and emotion it feels like it's a crime against humanity this many of you here nearly six thousand people I want you to understand the power of who you are I've said this before probably many of you may not have heard so I'll repeat this this whole online aspect of Isha and Sadguru popping up when you're watching movies Sadguru popping up when you're looking at pornography and saying in engineering you had such a nuisance isn't it so this is happening to you because in 2006 I was in the triple I Isha Institute of Inner Sciences in Tennessee and there was some kind of an expert about these online affairs and I was just asking him everybody is looking at the screen all the time what are they looking for to look at this anything I never get to browse anything so what are they looking for very casually he says Sadguru about seventy percent of the data is pornography I said hey stop what do you mean seventy percent of the data is pornography he said yes Sadguru then I asked one more guy he says yeah it's somewhere around that and also they told me that year 1.4 million children below fifteen years of age were online when we sell our children it means we hit the bottom there is no further place to go for a human being hello but when we get a great technology with which we could communicate to the whole world and transact with the whole world this is what we do this is what we do seventy percent pornography and we sell million children online so then I made up my mind okay we need to go online otherwise you know you won't understand this for almost twenty-two years I did my work without a single media interview without a single advertisement without a brochure without any kind of banners nothing only by word of mouth only by word of mouth still hundreds and thousands of people came so I'm it's very hard to explain this that I'm a very private person but I've not had a private moment in the last thirty years so it's not my inclination but we decided to do this and all of you are here not necessarily because all of you went through a physical personal program but the online has reached you in many ways they're telling me in 2021 our video reach has been 2.2 billion no no don't clap don't celebrate my failure I told you when I was twenty-five years of age in 1982 I sat down and planned on that day the population was only 5.6 billion and I found a way that if I simply sit here without messing with my mind I burst forth the next to see I experimented in so many ways I knew that's how it works then I thought this is it I'm going to make the whole world ecstatic because I couldn't believe who wouldn't want it who will not want to live blissfully I could not imagine who would not want to want would not want to live like that but see forty years forty years alright insistently seven days of the week 365 days we worked but two billion is a serious failure because now the population is eight billion almost so don't clap at my failure I'm living with it don't insult me further but I'm a blissful failure I know I will die a failure but blissed out so what and if you did not know this this is my wish for you also you must also die as a blissful failure because you set up a you set up a small little goal for yourself little better you know hundred square feet bigger than your neighbor's house you got there after thirty years of work I did it I did it come on silly these other creatures can do you know it's alright for other creatures for a human being invested with this much brain after millions of years of evolution and putting you on top of the pile of all creatures on this planet you're literally on top of the world for one who is on top of the world such petty goals such petty dreams are not good for you it's unbecoming of you really you must have a vision which cannot be fulfilled in ten lifetimes how come here and you will die as a failure with ten percent success good so I'm saying this many people six thousand people with today's technology available various platforms available if you make up your mind really if you make up your mind I don't have to do this door this ride you yourself can reach three to four million people yes or no hello only these five guys are saying yes yes this is all green so now when you say such a big yes now the question is only will you do it or not then what I will stay in London for hundred days and enjoy myself will you make it happen if you every day for next hundred days if you invest just ten to fifteen minutes of your time in a day you can make this happen this is the first time this is the first time in the history of humanity that such tools are available to us never before was this possible even fifty years ago this was not possible many great beings have come in this world but when they spoke hardly ten people could hear because not about telephone not about platforms they did not even have a microphone when Gautama spoke you know what he did the first monks would be standing in a line every fifteen feet so if he says something the first monk will repeat that the second one will repeat that the third one will repeat that it will go like this so that everybody this is their microphone just look at the trouble by the time it reached the last guy we don't know what the hell he said yes or no today we have this technologies when we are able to do it if we don't do it we are a disaster isn't it my idea of a disastrous life is this if what we cannot do if we do not do no problem what to do we cannot do what we can do if we do not do we are a disaster I want to make sure neither me nor you are such a disaster that we did not do what we can do let's make it happen this is not an agitation this is not a protest this is not against anybody people are asking sattguru shall we fertilizer company shall we hit them I want you to understand tomorrow morning if all the fertilizer companies close down your food production on the planet will come down to twenty-five percent of what it is right now that will be a terrible disaster that's not the way to do it it is necessary it is just that it's being used recklessly that is the problem these fertilizers when they came first approximately in a range of forty-five to sixty years for most of the nations when they first came people really experienced fertilizer like magic when they put the fertilizer suddenly their crops sometimes multiplied three times over hundred percent increase in yield they really thought it's magic in India it's called as a green revolution it got us out of famine like situations in many places there's not been a single famine since 1960 or 1957 I think since then since I was born there's not been a famine that's why we are all well fed and that's important that's very important because of human beings have to realize their potential of what they could do and what they could be the most fundamental thing is they must be well nourished without that nothing will happen without that none of the other aspects of being human whether physical process or intellectual process or the spiritual possibilities will exist everything will evaporate so it is not about being anti-fertilizer, anti-herbicide we decide no all those things have assisted us to be fed for this population to be fed now we are doing it your point of poisoning our own lives that is happening because the soil has become so weak it is a fact today that one must understand these substantial studies are there you must also acquaint yourself with this I want all of you there is a training I think on our website where we are running a webinar where you can train yourself to speak for one minute like you are a soil scientist hello for at least one minute you must be able to speak with some sense of authority about the soil and its condition and where it should go educate yourself to that extent and make sure you speak wherever you meet you speak whatever messages you send you close with save soil if you want to tell somebody I love you say save soil because definitely it's a more committed way of expressing your love for people especially for children if you love them you must save soil otherwise you are putting them in a place where no life should be so this process of what we are trying to do is to move three to four billion people not in protest enjoy that this is our privilege as a generation we turn back from the brink we didn't fall over we turn back when such a privilege is there you must handle this joyfully this is not an angry protest this is not a movement against somebody this is for everybody this is for life it's very important you take this attitude it doesn't matter somebody will say this that all of you should understand because I hear many of the volunteers we must promote organic agriculture regenerative agriculture do not say this let the farmer decide what kind of agriculture he wants to do it's not your business to tell him that your business is to see that the necessary policies happen in the world by exercising the strength of your voice by giving country to see that policy changes happen if it happens in a few major countries it will happen everywhere as I said the Karikom countries and now the commonwealth nations and India which is almost 1.3 billion people all these are going towards it if a few major nations go for it rest will anyway go for it above all I am addressing the UNCCD COP 15 in the month of May I am taking a two day break in Arabia and going to Ivory Coast to address this 170 nations are participating in this their representatives will be there so we are quite confident we will get a full on S from these 170 nations but it is important we move these people on the ground if we move 3 to 4 billion people these 170 nations will definitely go for that on on 10th of May I will be in Ivory Coast before that you must get me these 3 to 4 billion people it's the easiest thing to do because they are all on the facebook instagram, this tiktok get there do whatever you have to do speak if you can sing if you can do a jig if you can do whatever you can do but let's make it happen so recently when I was being interviewed by a journalist the journalist came and sniggered if you think you want to save the soil I said yes we are moving in that direction said you think you can handle Monsanto why do I want to handle Monsanto I think whatever you may think of them they are working within the framework of democracy we are trying to change that framework that's all our business is within the framework legal framework of nations whatever businesses are functioning whatever they are doing it's their business that's not our business our business is to make the framework in such a way that it is life friendly it is not anti-life at some point you are in a democratic nation democracy does not mean street democracy means in Tamil it's a better word for democracy in Tamil language we say that means people's power people are the leaders that's what it means yes that's what democracy means people are the leaders all the members of the parliament the ministers, the prime ministers the presidents of the world they are not because many of you think so they are not alien people they were one like you and decided to be little more responsible and rose to a position we have created systems where nobody can function just the way they want it twists them out in so many ways even if you get there it will twist you out so now we are sitting here and giving commentary on their lives endlessly yesterday somebody asked me why are politicians so corrupt I said politicians are not corrupt people are corrupt but when they get power it gets enhanced yes if people were not corrupt why would suddenly one guy pop up and be corrupt it's not so we have created cultures of corruption what is beneficial for us we do we don't care what is happening to other life we have been taught to believe every other life is here to serve us no we are here because of them they are not here because of us let this be very very clear if the microbiome in your body freaks on you you're finished doesn't matter what kind of genetics you got from your parents what kind of medicines and doctors you have around you if the microbial life within you freaks on you you are done no way you will survive so let's understand substantiating our life we are just enjoying their magnanimity or somehow we are the froth the boil is somewhere else we are just the froth right on the top we have every right to enjoy that because we took millions of years to become like this hello maybe not our own work their work but no problem when you're on the top of the mountain enjoy it but at least you must feel like you're on top of the world isn't it hello you must at least walk on the street like you're on top of the world that happened when you were a neanderthal or whatever you know now you're supposed to walk joyfully on the street hello that was a long time ago you're still not losing the pose so it's time it's time we learn to do things what matters to us we approach it responsibly joyfully this is very important because developing a huge amount of hate is not going to solve the problem it is going to complicate and multiply the problem businesses which have been there for decades today if you try to hit them what will they do they will invest money against you hello they'll invest money and power against you that is not the way to approach life it is very very important that we see what is the transformation that needs to happen in the society in the business in the way we conduct everything for this we need a framework of policy if this is the law everybody will adjust to that isn't it well it may not happen overnight but if we start moving it now we are very very clear in twelve to fifteen years time getting the world's soils to three to six percent is very much a reality very much if all the nations act now thank you very much and what is it what is it talk to her what is it hello you can say hello don't I know but this is you know yesterday there have been 3.3 million corona virus cases I don't know if you are miss corona or not how do I know no no you're not listening to me I'm saying yesterday there have been 3.3 million you must listen to me there are 3.3 million cases of corona virus in UK alone how do I know you're not miss corona so I have hundred days to travel just keep me healthy say hello right there okay I'll come back I'll come back she wants to hug me I'm coming back after hundred days if I survive okay so all this shouting and clapping is fine but you got to make it happen in case in case I don't make it you must make it happen the young people here should stand up and make it happen thank you very much where is that little girl who wants to talk where is she alright alright yes I will do that start hugging the 6000 no I'm going to go in a queue and hug everybody it'll take hundred days I think want to say something turn this said Guru thank you for saving our soil and saving my future I hope you have a lovely journey across the world am I supposed to ride on my motorcycle from here and go the flag boom thank you very much wonderful you want to say something thank you for saving our soil I know she wants to hug me very badly but today we'll keep it away because you know there is a pandemic and there's a situation what's the plan am I walking through here I can walk through here if what's your name if everybody is not Maria out here if all of you are not as passionate as Maria I could walk through this aisle and then get to the motorcycle and ride away can you manage that no no if you sit down everybody if you sit down it'll be good when I walk through I can see you if you stand up it'll all go away and become a mess and there is a soil man here where is he look at this soil man don't cover yourself man this is a soil man what kind are you what kind are you all the Maria's in the crowd will you hold yourself please don't get too close please sit beyond the aisle remain seated so that I can spend little time with you and go and I will ride away in the front you can be there not get in the way what questions do you have what questions do you have number three thank you for coming to London so since we are in London we have a lot of huge parks the Richmond Park, Bushy Park, Hyde Park and then we have these areas where we are standing so my question is I come from a small town Lucknow in UP hello I'll show you hold back the hug all right so Maria I am super jealous so in my hometown we had a lot of mango yards 20 years ago like big ones now most of them have vanished they are in a small town they are in a small village they go to New Delhi Bombay for these call centre jobs and they kind of look down upon farming so my first question is like what can we do like you talked about the framework so what can we do to have like farming entrepreneurs as a white collar respected job and my second related question let me answer this question I am going elsewhere we have said enough about it but today we have made some kind of a survey in India hey that place looks so crowded how will I go through that I'll go this way if you do this please please manage this okay we have made a certain survey in India what we find is not even two percent of the farmers want their children to become farmers why is it so you think it's philosophical or religious or some other nonsense no it's simply economically senseless to do farming right now so unless you make the farming a very renumerative process unless you make it in such a way a farmer will earn as much as a doctor or a lawyer or an IT professional nobody will go for it it's an economic issue this is why when we go to the farmers we never ever talk about ecology or environment or saving the world or something it is simply purely an economic process how to make it more profitable without that it will not last this whole magic of how to transform mud into food is not a small thing you may be educated but you cannot grow a crop and take it out because it has a certain intrinsic knowledge attached to it unfortunately that's not being valued in the marketplace or in the society so if people go move away from this if people lose the ability or the knowledge or the capability of raising crops and making food out of it well again, creating a new generation into it is going to be extremely difficult because this is something that they have learned over thousands of years they just imbibed it it's very important to preserve that if it has to be preserved the most important thing is that we need to make it highly renovative, there's simply no other way economically it must be an attractive proposition anyway, there is a soil anthem please it's okay million people, no questions, no answers


So, what we shall next start with is the topic called inner products and inner product spaces, but I must warn you at the very outset that up until this point whatever we have dealt with barring a very few exceptions where we have pointed it out to you, everything was over general fields. So, anything that satisfies the definition of a field you can just fly with it and go ahead and plug those results and they will hold without any loss of generality. The moment we get into inner products however we have to restrict ourselves to just R and C. So, or F that is the first most important thing that you have to remember is either R or C and none of those other fields that you might have seen like those finite fields and so on. And there is a reason why this is important or rather we will not be invoking any property of the fields apart from those which come inherently with R and C ok, there is a reason why well it will be clear once we define what an inner product is most of you have a feel for what an inner product is because of your first brush with Euclidean spaces you might think of inner products as something that signify angles between vectors right. Now, here is the deal if you take even without getting into definition of inner products let us say you understand what inner product is think of them like dot products on Euclidean spaces. If you take the inner product of the dot product of a vector with itself and the vector happens to be a non-zero vector what do you expect to get and not just positive number, but also an idea about the length of the vector right and lengths obviously as you know have to be positive right. Now if you think of say for example the binary field and you take this now of course this is not a zero vector in the binary field by no stretch of imagination right, but look at this this is so this idea of the length and all this it just fails you cannot push your luck through with this right. So if we are considering z2 the binary field no longer does that idea carry forward. In fact if you think of angles like you know even without much sophisticated thought or understanding of inner products you can think of these dot products like some cosines of angles, but if you keep varying things constantly you expect the cosines to vary continuously as well right, but these are just some discrete points on the lattice I mean there are not even points in between when you think of a rotation you are rotating a vector continuously, but here there are just points on the lattice you cannot just go continuously and transit from one vector to another through a continuous path even right. So those are several other those and several other problems they preclude the use of any field other than r and c for inner products I think I had some hands raised there yes sorry oh sorry yeah yeah you are right it is zero yeah fundamental mistake thank you it is going to be zero right. So this is obviously an inner product or a dot product of a non-zero with itself leading to zero and it is exactly things like these that we want to rule out from any inner product ok. So now we will define an inner product and you will see that the one object that you are familiar with that dot product it just happens to be a special case of this inner product yeah. So what is the inner product you take this is how we denote an inner product this is the first argument this is the second argument all right and it takes objects in the vector space. So it is a binary and maps it to the field the field could be again either r or c ok satisfying the following properties one the inner product of v1 plus v2 with v3 is going to be v1 with v3 plus v2 with v3 ok. And alpha times v1 with v2 is equal to you can pull out the alpha outside v2 of course here v1 v2 v3 belong to the vector space v here alpha belongs to the field and v1 v2 belong to the vector space there is a second property together these two properties can be qualified as linear in first argument right that is what this means right it is just the classic definition of linearity if you just thinking of this as acting on the first fellow keeping the second fellow fixed and waiting the first fellow it is just linearity yeah. Third v1 v2 is given by v2 v1 the complex conjugate thereof so if you are dealing with the real field conjugation has no effect but if you are dealing with the complex field then of course you have to flip the sign of the imaginary part right excuse me and finally that is just the definition of the inner product nothing more than this nothing more or less everything else that comes is a consequence of these four points that appear in the definition of an inner product you can go ahead and cook up your own inner product name it after yourself as long as it satisfies these four properties. So this last property is what we will call positive definiteness so what about the second argument we have seen that the definition assures us that this is going to be linear in the first argument if it is also linear in the second argument we could have gone ahead and said that this is bilinear but is it indeed bilinear and if so then under what special cases or is it always bilinear these are the kind of questions that we should be asking ourselves because the definition seems to remain mum on the second argument but it leaves a hint as to how we could probe through the third property so if you want to find out what is the behavior of this inner product with respect to the second argument then probably we should go ahead and try to harness this right so let us probe this so let us consider v1 and v2 plus v3 as this now directly we do not know if the this is actually linear in the second argument however if we manage to bring it as the first argument then we might be able to invoke the properties that have been described in the definition so we can say this is nothing but the complex conjugate of v2 plus v3 and v1 the conjugation is just you know an action on a scalar does not really make much of a difference so we can just say that this is the conjugation of v2 v1 plus v3 v1 so you know that conjugation of a sum is equal to the sum of the conjugation does not matter it is just simple complex arithmetic that you have done in your plus two levels yeah so this is what v2 v1 plus v3 v1 that turns out to be again if you flip double conjugation is back to the same value again so this is v1 v2 plus v1 v3 remember this we did not mention in the definition but it is a consequence of whatever is there in the definition we have just used those properties in the definition so it seems we are still on track towards pushing for bilinearity rv so there is yet another property that needs to be verified so let us see what happens when we take v1 and alpha v2 the alpha belongs to the field again by field I am only referring to r and c nothing else right so this is what this is equal to conjugation taken over alpha v2 v1 now of course what is this this is nothing but alpha v2 v1 the conjugation of the whole thing conjugation of products is product of conjugates so again this is nothing but alpha bar or alpha star if I call it that and that is the problem you see okay let me retain the bar as the notation for conjugation all right so this is v2 v1 the whole conjugate which is nothing but alpha bar times v1 v2 so this is what spoils the party it is not really bilinear unless unless the field is real so if your field happens to be r then it is indeed bilinear if it is not then it is sesquilinear almost linear but not quite I mean it meets half the property of linearity which is this summation property but when it comes to this homogeneity property or this scaling property it fails not by much but exactly by tweaking the number to its conjugate but that is not linear right so this is sesquilinear if you are talking about the complex field but it is bilinear if you are talking about the real field right so this is note that this is all a consequence of whatever is there in the definition we do not have to include this separately in the definition because these are all derivatives of the definition itself right so now let us look at some examples of inner products apart from of course the most natural dot product that you might have come across so okay let us start with the most natural example say CN okay over C right and what we have is let us say V1 V2 like so given by V1 transpose V2 conjugate okay you can go ahead and check that this meets those four properties right of course V1 and V2 are objects that are n tuples of complex numbers right go ahead and check that though there are those four properties alone that define an inner product and this satisfies those four properties if you hadn't taken this conjugation you would be in trouble where exactly would you have been in trouble if you hadn't taken that conjugation of the second argument where would the definition fall through sorry I would say what about the positive definiteness so for example again if you take one and I one and I right again you would be in trouble this is one squared plus I squared is equal to zero whereas obviously this is not a zero vector right so you have to take the conjugation now if you take the conjugation no longer is this an issue because now you would have a minus sign here and therefore that changes matters completely and it does give you an idea over the length of the vector as you understand it right so you need this conjugation of course if it's real then whether you take the conjugation or not it matters not but in general over n tuples of complex numbers this is what the dot product or the inner product reduces to but is this the only kind of inner product well of course not so let's do a bit of an exercise and see how far we can push our luck right so suppose you take C2 shall we take C2 okay let's take art to the simplest case let's take art to cross art to to our how in the following manner so you have V1 V2 and you have V1 hat V2 hat right this gets mapped to alpha times V1 V1 hat plus beta times V1 V2 hat plus gamma times V1 hat V2 plus delta times V2 V2 hat let us pose the problem in the following manner we are interested in answering the question as to whether there do exist some suitable choices of alpha beta gamma and delta that allows us to call this a legitimate inner product and through this process we will understand two things one of course that the kind of inner products that you are used to seeing are not the only ones that exist and second it will also strengthen our understanding of the definition because we will be invoking all those checks that we have defined in the description for the inner product in the first place right so that's the goal of this exercise this is an exercise okay but we will do it alright so first things first we have to ensure that what does this property what property does this meet as a first check if you take two different objects as the first argument then the resultant somebody is that not obvious from here I would say that that first check in fact even the second check the first two checks of linearity are actually quite obvious right linearity in the first argument is actually quite obvious what we need to actually check is the third property first non-trivial property is a third property because the third property in this case it's an inner product over the real field so you don't need to take that conjugation so if you flip the positions of the first and the second argument you should still end up getting the same result same resultant scalar which means that please ask if this is not clear which means that the first condition that I should invoke here is that alpha v1 v1 hat plus delta v2 v2 hat plus beta v1 v2 hat plus gamma v1 hat v2 is going to be equal to alpha v1 v1 hat plus delta v2 v2 hat plus beta look the cross terms will change if you flip the order or the arguments then the cross terms will change so this will become v1 hat v2 plus gamma v2 hat v1 this must be true if the third point in the definition has to hold then this must be true isn't it but of course I can already get rid of certain terms so what does this mean go ahead and check out what is common with beta and what is common with gamma it is the same thing right so what you have is beta minus gamma times v1 v2 hat minus v1 hat v2 must be 0 identically is it not this must be true for any arbitrary choice of the first vector and the second vector so in general this is not 0 in general this term is not going to vanish so the only way that you can ensure that this is 0 is by choosing beta is equal to gamma so you must choose beta is equal to gamma right so this leads us to conclude that beta must be equal to gamma right that is the first condition that we must choose so we cannot choose any arbitrary beta and gamma and things like this already you are seeing the effect of the definition the restrictions that are imposed by the definition you could not have chosen any arbitrary alpha beta delta gamma and call data inner product at least beta has to be equal to gamma coefficients of the cross terms must match right what about the second next condition yes why we are swapping because we have the definition that v1 okay maybe do not confuse with this v1 let us say we are taking some v1 and v2 inner product that must be equal to v2 v1 but because this is a real vector space I mean over a real field therefore this conjugation matters not so if this conjugation matters not I can get rid of this if I get rid of this then basically I would say that switching the locations of the first and second arguments does not matter which is what I have done so if this is what it does to the first and second argument then this is what it does to the second and first argument when they are flipped and they must still be equal because of the third point in the definition of inner products clear okay so that is the first observation what about the positive definiteness right let us take a look at this we have alpha v1 v1 hat plus delta v2 v2 hat now that we know that beta is equal to gamma let me just call it the same right no point in carrying forward and calling them beta and gamma separately right so we can just say this is plus beta v1 v2 hat plus beta v1 hat v2 and also from this second term here alpha v1 v1 hat plus delta v2 v2 hat okay let me not invoke the second term here for positive definiteness what do we need to do we need to pass on the same vector as the first and second argument so in that case v1 is equal to v1 hat and v2 is equal to v2 hat right so if v1 is equal to v1 hat and v2 is equal to v2 hat then we need what exactly alpha because it is real so I can just go ahead and square it alpha v1 squared plus delta v2 squared plus this is now the same right v1 v2 twice beta v1 v2 and what was this be greater than or equal to 0 is it not because of the positive definiteness right now suppose v1 is not equal to 0 then I can divide throughout by v1 squared right then what do I get alpha plus delta times v2 upon v1 squared plus twice beta v1 upon v2 is greater than or equal to 0 sorry v2 upon v1 okay thank you so if this is the case then what am I to infer if I plug in v2 is equal to 0 then what must I have for and these are legitimate choices right because this must be true for any arbitrary vector so I have chosen one such vector where v1 is not equal to 0 and v2 is equal to 0 right further let v1 sorry v2 is equal to 0 then I must have what alpha should be greater than or equal to 0 similarly by exactly the same reasoning and assuming v2 is not equal to 0 rather v1 is we should also have delta is greater than or equal to 0 what is the other interesting thing that can happen yeah we can but I mean are we going to get some new results from there so the first let's say this is the second condition and this is the third condition so is this enough that's the question right thank you that's exactly what we are looking for this quadratic thing here in v2 by v1 or if I like I can flip it over by v1 by v2 and you will check that the condition is the same it should not have any roots if it does then it will violate this condition no it has to change sign then so I need the discriminant of this quadratic term to be negative so what is the discriminant of this quadratic term right this is ax squared plus bx plus c so I need the discriminant which is b squared minus 4ac which is 4 beta squared minus 4 alpha delta should be negative which means beta squared should be less than alpha delta or alpha delta is greater than or alpha delta minus beta squared is greater than 0 I need strict inequality because if I have just equality I will have multiple roots I don't want that to be the case sorry sign won't change but I don't want 0 for something that is non-zero I cannot tolerate 0 unless the vector itself is 0 so if I have a solution that is non-zero that is also not acceptable to me right now just think about this what is this the way I have represented it it may not appear very obvious but what is this representation at the end of the day is this not the representation of the following form sorry yeah it is the representation in this form so you have v1 v2 and you have alpha beta beta alpha times v1 v2 so what you are asking for is that this matrix that encapsulates this operation had better be symmetric its determinant had better be positive sorry delta sorry yes thank you so this determinant had better be positive yeah and these terms individually should be non-negative yeah that would ensure that what you end up with is a legit inner product later on we will see that such matrices the generalizations there are at least not necessarily only 2 by 2 the generalizations of these matrices are what we call positive definite matrices right so taken in by this idea we will now give you another example of inner product that is cn cross cn to c which is given by 1 v2 that gets mapped to or let us just take it real for the time being yeah let us not mess things up with complex all the time yeah so we will not take the Hermitian ok so this is what this inner product does with ok go ahead and check that this is in general an inner product of course the special cases when this is identity then it is exactly what you are familiar with right when this A transpose A is identity right there are special classes of matrices called orthogonal matrices where u transpose u is identity right but you need not have that you can have any generalization like so and that is also going to be an inner product we will see a few more examples of inner products or spaces that are a little more exotic in the next module


Hello, hello, folks, I'm Philip Magnus, and today I'm talking about Death's Beating Heart, the fifth and final book in the War Eternal series by Rob Hayes. Its protagonist, Escar Helzine, has been, across the course of this series, many things. An angry teenager, the victim of brainwashing and abuse, queen and villain, and an enemy to the gods themselves. In Death's Beating Heart, she aims for the stars by trying to save the world from severized nightmarish hunger, a creature known only as Norvet Maroon. The issues with that are numerous, first among them the fact that no one is altogether too eager to listen to the corpse queen and her daughter, a young woman, whose actions brought about an apocalypse, you know, in that previous and awesome book since of the mother. Not my use of an apocalypse, by the way, this isn't one of those joyous worlds that only guess to have the one. How do you trust the monster mothers scare their children with? When she tells you the world's about to end, you're more than likely to point at her in accusation, right? After all, wherever Escar Helzine shows up, Death follows. Once you've got her reputation, it's not difficult to blame anything bad happening to Escar. And here I quote, A family was found murdered in their home, stabbed and slashed, claw marks on the walls. All knew the corpse queen had been in the area and it was no great leap to make the connection. Escar Helzine was seen in the local graveyards digging up corpses and feasting on them. A plague had come to town, picking off the weak and infirm, and a dark winged form had passed overhead just a day before.  My talent feet, apparently. While Norvet Maroon strats frames the other events in Death's beating heart with a sense of urgency, they are by no means of little importance. Some sense of the mother's epic conclusion, Cyrilis, the daughter I mentioned, caused an ecological and humanitarian catastrophe that killed hundreds of thousands of the denizens of this world and doomed millions more to death by starvation and environmental fallout. The very world's atmosphere is poisoned. The sun hidden behind clouds blackened with ash. How's that to be fixed? I won't say, but of course some familiar faces pop up as we get to this hatchet job of fixing the world. There are the worlds as well, not just the one against Norvet Maroon, namely a violent decade-long conflict between Escar's former fiefdom and its neighboring nation of Torre. I was a little bummed out by how that wrapped up, but that's not throwing shade at Hayes. He executes the entire plot brilliantly well. It's more my own emotional attachment to places and characters. The result is that when Escanizapar structure the most to support her attempt to bring the world together, she's completely unmoved from anything to do with that, costing only of her reputation as the world-class villain. Which means of course she's gonna need to look for help. Since Escar has never been good at making friends though, she can only get said help from an enemy. And it's a lark. Escan might not be good at making friends, but that might be because the friend she made along the way is the Shadow Nightmare creature inside of her. That's right. The Syracuse reunion happened at the previous book's conclusion and seeing these two together, seeing them come to a new arrangement and redefine their relationship more than once. It has to be one of my most favorite elements of the book. And makes for my favorite human-nightmare relations, at least in fiction, can say I score it as highly as my own relationship with my personal nightmares, but what can you do? Part of the other are characters who shine through in the novel. There's the Queen of Ice and Fire, Lestray Alderson, whose frightening power is fully realized in the battle against Norvet Maroon. The conversations between Escar and Lestray are filled with tension, making for some of the most terrific and tense engagements I have read. In recent memory, as far as fantasy is concerned, the revelations these conversations result in, I can't describe to you how satisfying they are, how they change your understanding of Escar of her emotional and psychological make-up. An assembly of other characters return to the series Joseph, Tamara and Hart principle among them. The adopted son of Escar makes his first proper appearance as a grown-up and he's got plenty in common with their old mum, especially where murderous tempers concerned. One or two characters even gain something resembling a happy ending, but I wouldn't put my money on all of them making it out if I were you. The final battle against Norvet Maroon will live in my mind as one of the finest large-scale battles in fantasy. The scale of this enemy itself is daunting. I quote, as the dust settled, I watched in horror. The entire canyon wall, leagues of it, was gone. It was all the beating heart now, up pulsing, growing, devouring, tied a flesh. How do we even fight something like that? Happily Rob Hayes' answer is quite the inspiration. As is all of that beating heart, all the war eternal. It's a novel in a series I'm fond of, a fondness that will translate to many return trips via audiobook and e-book and hopefully at some point through the gorgeous hardcovers Rob has published too. I will miss this world. It is a great shame that Rob Hayes is not at present planning to make a return to it, but also very understandable.  If you're wondering whether you might enjoy this series as a whole, you will, if you like any of the following. Dark Fantasy Worlds with a real deep sense of history to them, a protagonist whose character arc goes from strength to strength in the span of five whole books, memorable supporting characters across a variety of species, an engaging, storied, magic system and so much more. If you've enjoyed my video review of this book or the previous four, I have some news you might find interesting. After a chat I had about the series with Mihir of Fantasy Book Critic a few weeks ago, we managed to rope Rob Hayes into an hour-long spoiler-heavy interview about the series. That first video is already on Mihir's channel and the second will very soon be on mine. Look forward to it and hopefully you will have a great deal of fun listening to me, Mihir and Rob. Talk all things war eternal. I'll see you next time. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed this video, please share it with your friends, like it and don't forget to subscribe. Looking forward to talking more books with you, I'm Philip Magus, bye!