That's fine. All right. Welcome, everyone, to today's Webmaster Central Office Hours Hangouts. My name is John Mueller. I'm a Webmaster Trends Analyst here at Google in Switzerland. And part of what I do is these Office Hours Hangouts. And for some reason, the URL changed when I had to restart the Hangout. So it looks like we have Daniel who managed to find a new link. I've got exclusive access. This is brilliant. So if you have any questions to start off, feel free to jump on in. Yeah. OK. Yeah, I've got a couple of questions, actually. I suppose while we're waiting for other people to join. So on desktop, if you hide content, then it's considered as a lower value. It gets a lower waiting for ranking. Now, with the mobile-first index, where, for example, crawling an index in content directly for mobile, is that going to change now in any way? Because I suppose with mobile and mobile interface, you have to hide content. You have to have content in tabs. So is there going to be some sort of reli- you know, is there going to be a more relaxed approach from Google side on mobile with hiding content? Or is it, you know, could you kind of try and explain how that's now going to impact mobile? Yeah, with the mobile-first index, we decided that sometimes with the UI limitations on mobile, you kind of have to use these kind of, I don't know, design patterns where you hide. That's fine from our side. So on desktop, it's something where we think if it's really important content, it should be visible. On mobile, it's a bit trickier. Obviously, I think if it's critical content, it should be visible, but that's more kind of between you and your users in the end then. So again, does it kind of stem down to user interface? It's I suppose kind of what would you recommend as the better option at a show that make visible all the content on mobile, but then the page becomes insanely huge or interface. Now, as I said, interface, but I think there's that, there's that worry that, you know, there's that risk of losing and ranking or not ranking as well because we're not showing a Navinal content visible. From an SEO point of view, both are legitimate options. It's totally up to you. Both are legitimate options. And you will, are you treating, so are you treating content on mobile differently to desktop now then? When we index the mobile content, yes. So at the moment, we index the desktop content. That's a canonical. And switch to the mobile version, then we'll be treating it differently. You'll be treating hidden content differently. Yeah. Oh, fantastic. Okay, I suppose I'll just kind of like slide into my next question then. I think it's just to get your advice a little bit or any kind of tips on this. And it's where you have hyphens or spaces or forward slashes in between words. So an example I've got here is DC hyphen DC, which is kind of the plug, you know, the kind of the port, sorry. But obviously you can write that in hyphen, DC hyphen DC, DC forward slash DC, DC with the space DC. And generally, I suppose we would write that depending obviously how, you know, I suppose what the industry kind of, how it kind of sits with the industry maybe or what we would write it probably in a certain consistent way. But the problem is they rank differently, you know, if we were to type DC DC with hyphen or space, it ranks very differently. And so obviously it seems like the option is to write them differently on the page because they're a different rank, the different ranks for different ways to write it. But I suppose it's kind of just to get your tips and suppose ideas on that because we want a consistent way of writing things like that. But it's very difficult when we're not quite sure how to approach it. In general, I suppose we would approach it based on okay, what generates more search volume. But Google now and keyword plan are more or less merges these different variations into one. So then of course we don't have that visibility either. So I suppose if we get some tips from you, that'd be great. So I'd recommend just writing naturally and trying to figure out what your users are writing, the language of your users and using that. And that's probably where you'll have the most success there. So for the most part, these kind of variations, we try to recognize the synonyms. So we'd fold them together. But sometimes like you said, we still recognize subtle differences between them and we'll try to rank them differently. So I look into your own logs, look into search console, see what people are searching for. I've seen some people, for example, run AdWords on these kinds of questions. And also to see what are people searching for, what would people click on in the search results with regards to titles, snippets, those kind of things. So it's something where, or basically your experience comes into play and you kind of have to think like a marketing person rather than just an SEO. Okay, I'll leave it there for a while. I might have more questions later, but I'll give someone else an opportunity. I appreciate that. Sure. Any questions from your other folks? Not at the moment. Okay, all right, here's one in the chat. How many canonical tags are allowed on Google and the website page? So we recommend just having one canonical tag on a page for a website, like across all of the pages on the website, that's obviously on a per page basis, but per page, one canonical tag so that we can really have a clean signal and say this is the preferred canonical that you want to have for that specific page. Oh wow, okay. And a list of canonicals to different, like country and language versions. So what I would do there is not have the different canonical tags on one page to the different country and language versions, but rather use the hreflang link between the individual URLs. So let me just write the word in the chat here. We have a lot of information about that in the help center. And with that, you can link between these different country and language versions to tell us which one you want to have used for which users. All right. Let me run through some of the submitted questions. My voice is a bit shot, but we'll see how far we go. Otherwise we'll have to kind of limit ourselves to yes, no questions. How would you say that online users tend to behave when a site has great unique selling proposition in comparison to other websites? Wow, I have no idea where to even start. So from my point of view, this is not really a SEO question. It's something where you probably get more input from general online marketing type people. So that's kind of who I would talk to for something like this. So how users behave. Is it a good practice for every page to have a real canonical pack pointing to itself, even if there's only one page? Yes, I recommend doing this kind of self-referential rel canonical because it really makes it clear for us which page you want to have index or what this URL should be when it's indexed. Even if you have one page, sometimes there are different variations of the URL that can pull that page up. I have an example with parameters in the end, perhaps with like upper or lower case or dub dub dub, non dub dub dub and all of these things can be kind of cleaned up with a rel canonical tag. Multiple product links pointing to the same product using the canonical to avoid duplicate content but in the HTML improvements in search console, there's still displayed. Is that something we need to fix or not? That's something you can essentially ignore if you're sure that you set up the rel canonical on these pages, then that's fine. We show that information in search console when we initially crawl and index those pages and the first time we see a rel canonical we have to index that page first before we can follow the rel canonical and kind of process that. So that's probably what you're seeing there, this kind of subtle skew between the first time we index a page and afterwards. What's the ideal content length for a page? Totally up to you. Some pages are short, some pages are long, there's no word count, there's nothing where Google has an algorithm that says this page must be this long to rank optimally. That's not the case, it's really totally up to you. Why do m.pages rank on desktop? So let's see. This is usually a sign that the m. and desktop page link between the mobile and the desktop URLs is not set up completely correctly. So perhaps the rel alternate link is wrong or the rel canonical link is wrong. Or perhaps we've crawled the m.version without crawling the desktop version first and it's not a sign that anything is changing on our side. This is really mostly a matter of the website being set up in a way that we think these are URLs that we need to index separately. So it's not that also the question goes on like shouldn't these be desktop optimized pages? So essentially every mobile page works on desktop. So from our point of view, it's not the case that mobile oriented pages are worse on desktop. We have a lot of filtered links, kind of dynamic categories and filters. And we use a rel canonical to avoid duplicate content. Is that okay? That's a good approach. There are various approaches to this kind of faceted navigation is the term that you're probably looking for. And I double check our help center or blog but there are also lots of other blog posts out there that have tips on how to deal with faceted navigation. So I check those out. Rel canonical is definitely a great way to start. Internal links, can the position of a link on a page affect its weight? Do image links get treated the same as text links? So position on a page for internal links is pretty much irrelevant from our point of view. We crawl, we use these mostly for crawling within a website for understanding the context of individual pages within the website. So if it's in the header or in the footer or within the primary content is totally more up to you than anything SEO wise that I would worry about. Image links versus text links. One thing to think about with image links is if you don't have an alt text for that then we don't have any anchor text for that link. So I definitely make sure that your images have alt text so that we can use those for an anchor for links within your website. Also, if you're using image links for navigation make sure that there's some kind of a fallback for usability reasons for users who can't view the images. Also, specifically around images in general. So not like specific to image links, but images in general, especially on mobile and make sure that your mobile pages also have an alt text. Some predefined links to like about us policy pages. Do we need to know follow them or do anything? No, I would just link to them normally. See, bunch of stuff here, skip. We're running an external fashion blog where we post blogs and give a followed anchor back to the e-commerce website. Is there anything wrong with this? It depends on how you have that kind of set up or how you deal with that. So if those links are in response to anything that you're getting from this website then you should be using no follow there. For example, if they give you these products to try or if they give these products to you in general, again, in exchange against a review, then all of that is kind of a relationship between you and that other website. And then those links would need to have a no follow attached just so that it's clear to us that this link is not there solely because you thought this was a good link to place, but it's there because there's kind of this background relationship that's happening. Thank you, I'll miss you, Dad. Okay, okay, well, he's gone now. Okay, yeah. So again, like with a fashion blog or in general any kind of a website that you run, if there's a background reason behind the content that they were posting and the links that you're placing, just make sure to have a no follow attached to those. In general, this doesn't mean that the content is worse or that these links are bad. It's really just a sign for us that this link is there because of some relationship in the background and that can be totally fine and still be relevant for your users. If there's a disparity between geo-coordinates and schema markup and embedded map on a website, can this affect rankings? I can't think of any way that that would affect rankings. So not that I'm aware of. I think the strongest aspect is really just you're Google my business localistic so that we understand exactly where your business is located and we can show it in the local search results. And that's really the strongest way for us to kind of understand that your business is located here and this is your website that's attached to your business and we can kind of link and rank those separately. On our category pages, we display 25 products with their titles beneath the image. Can we make them H3 or H4? Will that help? You can do that. I don't think that would necessarily change anything for SEO reasons. So kind of up to you. What social signals impact SEO rankings? As far as I know, no social signals affect SEO rankings. So especially with regards to social media websites, usually those links are no follow. So they don't really have any effect there. They can of course indirectly affect your website in that if you have a lot of traffic to your website and they love your website and they recommend it to other people, that's something we could pick up on. But there is nothing directly like just tied one to one to social signals where you can say, I will have my friends plus one my website a thousand times and then my website's ranking will go up or I'll have my friends kind of share my link on Facebook four thousand times and then my website rankings go up. That's not something that would happen there. That's kind of also very easy to manipulate. I keep having a ton of non-related websites, education language websites, linking to my tool rental website with two follow links. Is that affecting my website in any way? I don't see how that would be affecting your website. So lots of websites get weird links that they might not expect. A really common one is forum links from another language forum where you don't really understand what these people are talking about but they're linking to your website and they're going to your website. And just because it's not directly related doesn't necessarily mean that it's a bad kind of link. So from that point of view, I wouldn't focus so much on whether or not these are related sites or not but try to think about is this a natural link or not? Is it possible that maybe your previous SEO placed these links and you're just not finding them and they've been like link spamming for your website? And then those are the kind of links where you might say, okay, I'll just put them in my disavow file and have them taken care of that way. So in general, if you feel that links, specific links to your site are problematic and you don't want to be associated with them, I will just go ahead and put the domain in the disavow file and move on from there. Can I publish 100,000 pages at once? Sure, no problem. I think the biggest impact, the biggest effect you'll see is that Googlebot will try to crawl a lot of pages, especially if it's a larger well-known site where we already know that crawling pages and indexing pages from that site makes a lot of sense. Then we'll probably kind of try to crawl a lot of pages on your server and it will be good if your server had the capacity to deal with that but from an SEO point of view, that's generally not an issue. Some sites put their archive online all at once. I think kind of artificially introducing a kind of a trickle into the index is something that often causes more problems than it solves anything. So obviously putting 100,000 pages online all at once doesn't mean that these pages will rank all at once immediately. It's still going to take time for us to actually rank those pages properly in the search results but I don't see anything against putting them all online. E-commerce sites with 50,000 pages, what would the internal links count be? Really depends on your site structure. Some sites have a very flat hierarchy where they link very quickly to a lot of the leaf nodes. Some sites have a kind of a narrow hierarchy and kind of a taller hierarchy. There are usability studies around let's say like the pages should be maximum, so many links from the homepage. From our point of view, both are options. It's something that you kind of have to look at and think about what works well for your website. The thing I just kind of watch out for is if there are things on your site that are really, really important that are really critical for your website either where you think this is like your primary product, the one thing that people really, really want to get from your website or it might even be something where you say, well, this is the product I make the most money from, therefore I want to promote it the most. Then I'd make sure those kind of links are placed fairly high up in the hierarchy so that Googlebot can get there quickly so that we can pass page rank to those fairly quickly but also of course so that users can get there fairly quickly. So not from Hangout Links. Does content mismatch between the web and deep link of an app trigger in algorithm or harm SEO ranking? I don't know for sure what the current status is there but it used to be that when an app page was seen as having a mismatch of content with the desktop page, then we wouldn't be sure if we could actually link those pages together. So the background here is that with app indexing you can specify this is my web page, the one page from the website that I want to put in the app and this is the URL that have within the app where people can go directly. So the idea being that when we rank your web page in the search results, we can swap that link out and point directly to your app with the app deep link and we can really only do that if we're kind of sure that the app page is actually the same content as your web page. So that's what we're checking there. Obviously that's really hard to determine properly because apps are structured in very different ways than web pages but that's kind of what we were looking for there. If you're unsure about these errors in Search Console, I recommend checking out Firebase. They have a support feature on their site where you can submit, I believe, a handful of support tickets directly to the Firebase team to have them double check the app side of things. Do interstitials impact mobile ranks only or desktop ranks as well? At the moment, the mobile interstitial is specific to mobile. So that's something where on mobile devices, when we rank a page that has an interstitial that we've recognized, we'll kind of treat that page as being not so mobile friendly as the other pages. When we remove products, we 301 the links back to relevant category pages. Is that okay? You can do that. You can return 404. You can have like a friendly 404 page, of course. That's kind of up to you. If we see too many links to the category page, we'll assume that it's a soft 404 and treat it like a 404 internally. So I primarily watch out for usability in a case like this because we'll try to figure out which one is a 404 and which one is actually a 301 independently anyway. I usually recommend using a 301 more if you have one product that replaces a different product. So not that you say, well, this product is gone but we have lots of similarish products here too but more like this product is obsolete but we have this one that kind of replaces the previous product. That's the ideal situation for a 301. Should I implement AMP for e-commerce pages in the Netherlands? Sure. Go for it. I think there's more and more functionality for AMP specifically for e-commerce. I would keep up with the AMP team what they're doing and see which aspects make sense on your website and which ones don't. AMP is a per page set up so you can pick and choose and you can say, well, my category pages work great on AMP because I have all of the functionality available but maybe my product detail pages are not so great on AMP yet. So in a case like that you might say, I'll just put my category pages on AMP and start like that. You could also think about things like, well, maybe you have a blog attached to your e-commerce site and switching the blog to AMP might be just a matter of installing the WordPress plugin, for example. So that's an option there too. What should I do about someone in another country linking to my website on his social profiles? Whatever you want. So usually this is a non-issue. If you really don't want to be associated with those links then obviously use a bit of alphabets. How does Google treat websites that only give no follow external links? We treat them the same as any other website so we don't do anything special there. Is a product page considered duplicate content because there are many sites that display the same content? It can be or it can be that part of the product page is considered duplicate content and we fold those together when we show their search results. So if you can provide something unique and compelling on your product pages then I would definitely go for that. Sometimes there are also things like your own reviews, maybe your users' reviews, your people who have bought this product, similar related products that they bought, all of this can add additional value to your pages. So when John said on that, so when you say you fold them together obviously you're going to show one page out of say maybe five duplicates so you'll just show the one. What would be the best way to go about that? I've got something similar, I've got a client who has multiple of the same product but it's based more or less, the only difference is the color. So they've got individual SEO-friendly pages but the only change really is the color. Would you recommend to have one page where they could just change the color themselves or keep it as it is? I think my understanding is we've got five products, five different colors, but only one will be used depending on obviously the search. So what would be your recommendation on that? I think about what the primary aspect of this page is, is it primarily the product and the color is kind of an attribute of that product or is that color kind of the unique selling proposition for that product that they have in there? So you could imagine that maybe you have something like I don't know, a diamond plated laptop and you have the same laptop available in black then obviously the laptop itself is kind of the same thing but the kind of the color, the style is something that's very unique and that's something where you'd say, well, I probably want separate pages for that. On the other hand, if it's like a laptop and you have it in green, gray and black and people kind of randomly choose which one they want then that color is not the primary aspect of that page. Yeah, would you go back to the search volume and would you then kind of go back and say, well actually you would kind of go back to basics and have a look at the types of searches for that product using a Q&A monitor, for example. Sure. Say for example, if we use Diary so we've got a pink Diary with black down people that might actually search for that then again, just optimize based on the color because that obviously is probably its main USP in comparison to the rest of the duplicates. Yeah, yeah. I mean, that's something where you know your products best and you can kind of figure out like, are people coming to your site because of the color or are they coming to the site because of the product? Right, yeah. Okay, now it makes sense, thank you John. Hey John. Hi. Hi Bharat here. Actually I have a question related to some 500 error. So what is happening, we were having old URLs which were not SEO friendly, search engine friendly, but now we have come up with the new URLs, the canonical URLs which will be replacing those URLs. So instead of redirecting 301, we have just inserted the canonical URLs. Does it harm in SEO by any chance? So we use a number of factors to try to figure out which one of these URLs is the right one to show that includes the canonical, it also includes redirects and internal linkings, for example, those are probably the strongest signals that we use for that. So if you can kind of align as many signals as possible to your new URLs that you want to have used, then we'll try to use those. If you're just changing the canonical and the internal linking still goes through the old version, for example, then probably we might choose one or the other, but it sounds like you have a strong preference which one you want to have shown. So I would try to align everything as much as possible to point directly to your preferred version, which includes redirects, if you can set them up, definitely internal links, sitemap file, all of that pointing to the new URLs that you want to use. Yeah, so the canonical URL in the page and this sitemap URLs, those are the URLs which we want to, we want Google to be indexed. So those are clear, but my concern was related to 301 URLs which were throwing 5.00. So should we redirect the old URLs to the relevant new page URLs? I would do that if you can do that, yes. I think that's... Okay, okay, thank you. Okay, thank you very much. All right, let me run through a handful more questions that were submitted and then we can move over to more live questions for you all. Is it an issue if we have a large number of nofollow on internal links? No, it's not an issue. I think, especially with regards to internal links within your website, it's probably wasted effort to try to do like page rank sculpting, those kind of things there. I would mostly use nofollow in situations internally where it's really a matter of kind of the crawler getting lost with it goes in that direction too far. For example, endless calendar links is a good approach there. You might want to nofollow things that go too far out in both directions. Perhaps faceted navigation pagination, you might at one point say, well, I'll just nofollow the links here so that Googlebot doesn't dig its way even deeper and deeper into my website. But otherwise, for things like your about us page, your terms of service, all of those things, I will just link to them naturally. We have a lot of practice with normal websites. It's not going to be the case that we will say your terms of service page is the most linked page on your website, therefore we'll rank it number one. That's definitely not going to happen. I'm making a Hindi language blog in India. How can I tell Google my language is Hindi? Is there any way I can tell? No, there's no way specifically to tell us for one language version which language that is in, but we do pick that up automatically. So the one thing I would recommend doing there is really making sure that your whole page is in Hindi. So one thing that you should avoid, for example, is having parallel translations where you have English here, Hindi here, and they're both on the same page because then we have trouble understanding what is the primary language of this page. But if we can understand the primary language as Hindi, then that's fine, that's all we need to do. And I think it's fantastic that you're doing a Hindi language blog and I wish you luck with that. Sounds like a fun project. We have a branch finder page with our branch links behind tabs, are these links being discounted? Should we have one page with all the branch links visible as well? So in the current state, we do kind of discount hidden content on a page. So if this is primary content for your page, then that's something we probably won't be able to bubble up as well in search at the moment. That will change with the mobile first indexing. But in a case like this, it sounds like you have primary content on your page and in the tab, you have kind of cross links to different other branches that have this product. And in those kind of situations, that's not something where I'd say this is a problem because that branch information within that tab is probably not the primary information from that page. So that can be perfectly fine. Can I just ask on that? You said it's going to change. Could you explain how it's going to change? I.e., it's not going to be an applicable algorithm for mobile anymore? So with the mobile first indexing, we'll index the mobile version of the page. And on the mobile version of the page, it can be that you have these kind of tabs and folders and things like that, which we will still treat as normal content on the page, even if it's on the initial view. Great. Thank you. I have some, a subdomain URL with the same content as the main website. We can't delete the subdomain, but we've implemented a 301 redirect to the main website. Is that okay? That's perfect. Yeah. If we set up a redirect, then users go to the main version. Search engines go to the main version. Perfect. The question, I think, for the Hindi language blog goes on, some of the articles are in English. That's also fine. So the primary thing is that on a per page basis, we can clearly understand which languages page is in. And that's what we need to know. If some pages on the website are in different languages, that's perfectly fine, as long as there's always one clear language on a per page basis. Hi, John. Hi. Hi. My question is, if my site is penalized, so how to recover that one? It is based on the content, duplicate content, or it is based on the URL, or based on the user navigation. What are the major factors penalized in my site now? Okay. So, I'm not sure if I got everything right, but it sounds like your website dropped in rankings, essentially. No, it is manual penalized for the last June. Okay. So if I'm going to resubmit, what are the minimum rectification required? That depends on the issue that was found on your website. So in the manual action section, there should be some information on what we discovered on the website and what the website, what web spam team took action on. And some of these might be issues like you have unnatural links on your website or unnatural links to your website that you can clean up. Some of these can be based on the content itself. For example, we have one manual action that's kind of for the extreme situations that we call pure spam, where essentially the web spam team looks at the website and says there's nothing really valuable here that we would miss if we didn't have this website index. And those are the situations where you really need to kind of rethink what you're doing and think about what you can provide on your website that really has value and remove everything else. So for example, I did one common thing that we see a lot is people take these scripts that essentially show YouTube videos on your pages. And you kind of create this video site with a collection of YouTube videos and nothing else. And from our point of view, that's just aggregating content from other websites that's not providing something unique and valuable on your website specifically. Or for example, one thing we sometimes see is affiliate sites that just take an affiliate feed and they publish it one-to-one on their website and they don't provide anything of value at all, then the web spam team might look at that and say, well, this is just a duplicate of Amazon. There's no reason for us to actually index this content directly or maybe they'll do one of these things and run it through a tool that rewords the articles or that takes different news articles and just rewords them subtly. And that's also something that the web spam team would say, there's nothing of value here that we need to have index. So we'll remove it as pure spam. And if the webmaster says, okay, I really recreated my website, I have something that is unique on my website that is not available anywhere else, then that's the kind of thing that the web spam team would say, well, it makes sense to reconsider what we have there from manual acting and kind of take that back. Yeah, most of the aggregator site, it is content is aggregated by the users, correct? Yeah, I mean, if the content is aggregated and you're not providing anything additional, then that's kind of one of those situations where we say, well, we already have this content index as well because by definition, if it's aggregated, we already have it somewhere. So you really need to provide significant additional value there so that it makes sense for us to index your website and show your website instead of all of the other websites. So you just have to write the content again and again, but they are just the bookmarking the content, correct? It really has to be that your website stands on its own so that there's a situation where we say, if someone is searching for this specific topic, we should clearly show your website instead of any of the other ones. So instead of aiming to be kind of as good as the others, I would really aim to be significantly better so that it's really clear to us and to users that going to your website has a unique value of its own. All right, let's move on. I have to know index that all the URL which are generated by the user. Depends on your website, I don't know. So some websites, when they make bigger changes like this, they know index the content, some of them remove the content completely and say, I don't trust this old content, some of them work to improve the content, which I think is a good approach as well. What is your suggestion in the UGC site? Because I have no control on the user. I think for UGC websites, the important part to keep in mind is that you're hosting this website and you're providing it to the rest of the world. So just because the content originates from users and it's like, I didn't write this content, doesn't mean that you're not the one who's kind of held responsible for it because you're publishing this content. You're showing that content there so that when we crawl and index your website, we see this content and we don't really make a judgment like, where does this content come from and how should we treat it differently because it's not you who personally who wrote it, but someone else, but rather we see you're providing this website with this content on it. So that's how we will treat your website. All right, let me double check the other questions that were submitted. If there's something short that I can jump into is with labels for reuse answer, you really need to work out with content that you find online yourself. Okay, John, we can't hear it keeps going in and out. I thought I just mentioned that it's getting quiet when you talk. I don't know if it's the internet connection or not. I can hear you now. Okay, maybe I screwed the other microphone. We're good now, we're good. Sorry. Okay, perfect. Okay, Google is indexing pages that I have a no index on. What's up with this? I don't know. So if we see a no index on a page, normally we will drop that page from our index. There can be situations where it takes some time for us to see no index, for example, for large sites, or if a URL is blocked by robots text. But as soon as we've indexed the page with a no index, we will drop it from the search results. And if you see that not happening, then I'd love to see examples for that because that would be a bug on our side. That's not something that should be happening. Let's see. I think most of the other questions we've kind of gone through. Yeah. What else is on your mind? Oh, here's one. What's the best operator for figuring out if a URL is indexed or not? So what I would do there is use an info colon query with the URL to see what comes back there because that's almost always a sign of what we've indexed like that. So I'd recommend doing that. If you're searching for keywords or if you're doing something complicated with the in URL operator, then that can be a bit tricky. But the info operator is usually the best one there. With regards to the cache, the cache page doesn't necessarily reflect what we actually indexed. So I just keep that in mind. And sometimes we don't have a cache page for things that we do already have indexed. All right. What other questions are on your mind? What can I help with? Can I jump in and just a quick question around my brain, please? Okay. Okay, so you've got these different Google algorithms. Is it RankBrain's job to decide what algorithms are used based on the query? So for example, if I search for something like shoes, RankBrain might decide actually the metal type and the metal title tag would be more important. Whereas if I search for something like health or health care or something like that, then RankBrain would decide actually links, page rank is more important. Is that what RankBrain does is, does it depend on the search? And I suppose RankBrain's learning and understanding of different searches and different industries and things like that. I don't know. Where can I start? So. I started with the question. Sorry. Yeah. So from my understanding, RankBrain is more about understanding the query. It's specifically understanding queries that we don't really know how to handle. So things like shoes or health care or something generic like that is less of a problem. But we see roughly 15% of our queries every day are completely new that we haven't seen before. So those are the kind of situations where we say, we have no idea what we can show here. We have to kind of figure this out on our own. And we have to understand what the user might actually be meaning with this query. So maybe they're mixing things up or maybe they're using synonyms in a weird way that we haven't seen specifically like that. Then that's something that RankBrain will try to figure out. It's like, what is this person actually searching for? So I guess one example I've heard in the past is, for example, if you have not in your query somewhere where you're kind of saying, well, I want shoes that are not in blue, where if you just look for the words there, then you're saying like shoes, not blue, and you'll probably show them a page with blue shoes on. So I have no idea what kind of results this query brings now. So maybe that's a bad example, but that's the kind of thing where understanding what this query means makes a big difference in the type of search results that we can bring. To say it's more focused on language rather than all the multiple different core algorithms is tied in together. As if I say that it's got nothing to do with that, but actually it's just understanding language and using it. Thanks, yeah. I mean, obviously we don't just have one algorithm that tries to figure this out. We have a lot of different things that try to figure out. Like what is this user actually trying to do? Are they trying to get more information about a product or do they want to buy it now? And those are very different kind of approaches with regards to the type of results that we should bring. Or sometimes it's also the case that we say, well, we don't know. It could be this. It could be that. And we should show a diverse mix of search results for this specific query in this specific case. We're just saying just standard search and standard search results that you would use the same number of algorithms. It doesn't mean that. So for example, if I'm looking for cars versus shoes, for example, each algorithm that you use is actually being applied to each website in the same way. It's not applying some algorithms in one case and some algorithms in another. I think it's always a mix. So that's something where because we have so many different signals that we use for crawling, indexing, or ranking, it's something where some sites have this a little bit stronger, some sites have this a little bit stronger. And we still have to find out how do we weight these for this specific case? And that's kind of, I think what brings additional value into search there as well is that you don't have to do exactly the same thing as other people in your niche. You can focus on your own thing and kind of work on your website in your own way. And we'll still try to show that appropriately in the search results. So if your competitor has a link from CNN, you don't need to go off to CNN to try to get a link there too. You can work on other ways to kind of differentiate yourself. And we'll try to show that in search. So one site might have a lot of links. The other site might have a lot of really awesome content. It's like, well, we'll try to figure out which one is the right one to show in this specific case. OK, that makes sense. Thank you, John. All right. More questions from you all. Anything else on your mind? Hi, John. Hi. Just a quick question regarding the API. I don't know any on the API team, so I guess I'm just going to ask you about it. So a few users reported a bug that's been occurring with pagination. It seems like there are multiple pages of results, even if the first page doesn't reach the maximum 5,000 rows. So some people have been getting like 4,000 and something. But they notice there's an additional page if they query with a paging parameter. So I don't know if that's new or. But I've seen that in the past week or so. Yeah, I've seen that for a while. I thought there's something that they were fixing there. So I'm not sure what the current status is there. But I know that the API team is aware of that. And that's something that they're trying to improve. OK, because I only check for more than one page if I get 5,000 results, so I don't query every time. So yeah. Yeah, I think it's a matter of the sorting there. And especially, I don't know. I'd have to double check what I saw there. I thought it was something like if it has the same number of clicks as other queries or you're out there, then sometimes with the order we would get that wrong with pagination. OK, I'm good. Yeah. Well, if you get any news from people. No working on that. So I hope that will be improved. OK, awesome. Thanks. Cool. All right. So I guess if there are no other questions, we can take a break here. Thank you all for joining. I believe the next couple of Hangouts will be skipping since I'm out. And probably back in, I don't know, three weeks, something around that time. So I'll set up the next Hangout just afterwards so that you have one place to kind of pull your questions into. And otherwise, of course, going to the Webmaster Help Forum is a great place. There are lots of great people also active on Twitter. If you have any questions. So in the meantime, lots of places to also get help. And until then, I hope to see you all again. And have a good time. All right. Enjoy your holiday, John. Enjoy your holiday. Enjoy it while you can. Yeah, thanks. Bye, everyone. Have a good weekend. Thank you. Bye, John.


The hundred to one and yet we had no fear for our general held a secret power And she knew to wait for the right. Oh my god He's very enough jet Like night itself then oh Oh, no In a great chorus of thunder humanity's fur was crushed You pass the test oh before your might the greatest of foam as crumble yet more trials lie before you lancer Go forth may the path lead you to the door. What's what's this leg? Good fight good fight Where were you I thought it's tight, but it's like never let this spot somehow. It's a gateway device That's why I know something whatever it was. I used up the real ammo Well, we're not done. All right. They're kicking it up a notch man.  I'm gonna die Is this the last stand of general Tarsus there was a wolf on the front This is took only a handful of nights. They had swiftness But the enemy had come on. They made the steps you may the path neatly digging this item You guys see it. I'm very hate the rear item of the end of this Behold the doors of Valor Who so ever wishes them open Place your signet the trial of Valor shall separate the true lancers from the false so says Arden Vassar It's rampage forever go forth Lancer seek out and stop disaster in its tracks if you dare You don't need one You're out of time Jump the path of Valor is well traveled ground for you. I think You have been tested Again and again You're past the point of testing now There is only one place left for you to go. That's the $20 armor chat Remember this might can conquer a moment Resolve can outlast a day, but Valor must renew with every dawn Walk the path Lancer of the Legion Don't do me like this, please Don't not right now that was like no, no You can't not right there Not right there It's not this is what happens when it gets a two-infinite load Oh, you think the bars moving they're good at that. Oh Well, oh Please restore at them Unable to get pilot data Why is everybody potato?  I'm so sad. I Will do what you say Yes, I guess I have that problem that course is still sitting as not complete after I finished it So I have that same problem a couple seconds to Marinate and then we're gonna restart it For 10 hours in chat approximately Yeah, it's kind of annoying if you don't have anything tracked. It'll just keep pulsating like you need to do that next Are you doing it five times? I only did it once. Oh, man Wow, it's just it's the same one from the demo.  I got like blues and I want to know what happened I don't even know she was like you don't even need a test. Here's something something. Here's a cliffhanger Can you wait for the next cutscene? 40 minutes later 16 billion millennia later later Your face is a lady. Oh Where are you gonna put me chat? I Gotta see that cutscene man that you can't just gloss over that. That's like that was an apex chap That was a apex legend. All right You can play early without premiere, but you get limited to 10 hours So if you get origin access or EA access, I think it's yeah So I guess the reconnect just doesn't work everybody looks potato now I can't move Yeah, if you even if you pre-order you can't play until the 22nd. It's weird. I know I Legit can't move Okay, this is all that for a moment Interesting well, they're promoting it's an interesting tactic and I kind of agree with them They're promoting their Front premiere more than they are pre-orders and they want people to they want people to buy premiere They want people to get the premiere service And I think it's I think it's a good idea, but I don't think they should exclude pre-orders honestly That's the thing that I don't agree with how deep into the story. Are you I don't know I haven't finished I don't know where I am relative to anything because I don't Let's just say Without dropping spoilers because I don't know what happens after what I've done I Just went in there and did the three trials and I don't know what comes next and I don't want to know How far I am in it so don't tell me please don't tell me Yeah, I got the new audio thing earlier today So is the work around still work if I go out into a free room and then just leave immediately Well, I get the loop from the previous thing Let's hope that works because I got some Luke man. I want to not got like blues from that Did I need oh? What oh, this is bad Go ahead Rip me a new I don't even know what happened could be better. Yeah Amplifier is glitching.  You're right. Hey No talking until I get the connection fixed. Do you want to start a fire? So we're stuck here while no one gets away. I thought things couldn't get me worse slow down, would you? Right now you're no shape to go chasing after him Give me a hand with this with you We need to do something to stop them pliers See that has always been your problem You focus on what's up ahead instead of where you are where I am is in the middle of the mess I made I brought on a board and look what happened. What happened to Owen tape? Are you thinking?    They have the javelin So what we watch while the monitor captures the cenotaph? I'm sorry. I got distracted I should have caught the sabotage during my routine arm a chance enough girls. You're both killing me We got sabotage work. It's over. No, not quite the javelin. They stole won't work I got a good look at the general's armor. It's like no javelin. I've ever seen I could only Feel so dirty and stank right now dude. Hey, just spill it already So into the story now I'm lost the seals are key to the general's signet and the dominion can't run the suit properly without it Slows him down, but does it help us any? Slowing them down might be enough. I had the info we pulled from the fortress of dawn's library And I got that up close look at the javelin itself. Wait, hey, are you suggesting we build our own javelin of dawn? Not the whole javelin just the relevant seals, but yes, give you the plans. I can build it So you're ardent vassal for us now. Why not? I've built whole javelins from scraps before now I'm just gonna make a couple seals might have to jump over a few flaming cameiras first Hey flaming chimera jumping is chapter one of the freelancer handbook Get your javelin ready. I got a drive to fix. Do they have a thing where I go back and watch these Like a Nicodex thing I'm bummed out man. I'm seriously bummed out I feel like so much got skipped. That was very important. Can I run it again? No, it's a story quest that was Let's see in the dark Owen has betrayed you and the javelin of dawn has been stolen well now Like that's an entire quest Like this is the one I was on and I completely miss all of this. That wasn't it.  I loved Owen and then I read after the fact that he betrayed me Oh Come on, this is a bummer. It's a bummer. Why would they crash there? Stories, okay chat if you want to know how I feel about the game. That's that sums it up right there If I they care about the story I would be crying tears of tears of shame of tears because something got skipped. I'd be happy, but I'm upset I missed it. You think we can pull this off or what I say about looking too far ahead Focus on the here and now right now. We need materials and information that means we need connections Corvus gave me this job. Can't they help us out? When was the last time government? I'll just I'll just wait for you to missed somebody all uploaded tomorrow or the next day nexians Who do we need? Arcanists are the obvious one. We are unimpossible. Are there specialties? I already have an Arcanist contact Matthias Sumner I'll see what he can do for us. Good Next is the sentinels. They've got javelins parts and contacts in antium Fortunately, there's a sentinel Dax who's been looking for you. She's supposed to be a big wig of some sort Might be just what we need. Huh? What's an important sentinel want with me worth finding out, right? Meanwhile, there's plenty of other stuff you can't find for the shield. What do we need? We need materials and they're not easy to get they gave me a list There's some kind of Titan the younglings We're kidding about the not easy part scars are always scavenging around shape or ruins They might have found our metal to your run of the mill scar won't have a Titan heart stashed away This car I might maybe luminary if you can find one No, no, that's worse than Titan hunting really great So I'll either go hunt a Titan or just ask a luminary very politely for it. No problem Hey, we got this just do one thing at a time. Yeah, I Felt Owen slip away though. I knew something was gonna happen You can just feel it. He was just like slowly Just like oh no, please give Owen some love Please give Owen some love and then oh man. I Had the high ground. Don't try it. Don't you underestimate my Owen meet Dax assist Matthias, okay? You'll love it. Okay. It's called the manifold Well, technically I call it the manifold. They may not make him go evil. What exactly for years I had heard of a type of shape or relic that was able to amplify and augment the qualities of other objects never encountered one never knew anyone that had but Thanks to the Elysian manuscript. I think I know where one is right here in Bastion and you think it'll amplify and augment the power of my javelin precisely Excited yet. Ah, not to worry. Once we find the manifold get it working You will be guaranteed first the manifold then we boost your javelin you silence the heart of rage and boom Everyone lives happily ever after easy pizza a little more complicated than that Details I've sent all the particulars of the location to Faye. I can't wait. Yeah crash to the critical Yeah, I wouldn't I don't know if it's a critical point. I wanted to know what happened um I really wanted to know what happened there. It was a really it was a cliffhanger moment basically and uh


Well, hi there, it's Sandy Allnach, artist and paper crafter here on YouTube, and today I'm going to bring you a quick, quick, quick, Zentangle Octopi Valentine card. And when I say quick, the whole thing took me about 20 minutes, so please don't take the look of it to think that it's going to be really hard to do. I'm using the Octopi stamp set from Lawn Fawn and some Neenah card stock, and I'm just going to do this as a single layer card, so I have it taped down at the top so that I don't get Octopi all over the back of the card. And I'm just going to stamp my little Octopi with as little space between them as possible. Just make a pattern across the entire thing until the whole thing is covered with Octopi. You can do this with other stamps, but one of the things I like about this one is that it has both those nice open areas and nice little fussy legs, the little curly legs. So it's going to give a really nice look to the Zentangling. And with Zentangling, you can do it with a pen, of course, but we're going to do Zentangle stamping. I'm going to use the double bubble. There's two bubbles in this particular stamp set, and I'm going to fill in all of those empty holes as best I can with the doubles and turn the block every once in a while so I get a different angle for the bubbles. They're not all left to right or up to down. Turn it again and fill in some more. And I'm going to try to use as many of these as I can so that since it has two bubbles, it's going to take up more space and it's going to be quicker. And now I've got the tiniest bubble. There's a single bubble. And I'm going to fill in the whole thing with the single bubbles all over the place. Just fill them all in one by one. And there's going to be some spaces that I can't fit this in. And that's OK. So if you've got a series of stamp sets, just go from the largest one down to the smallest one. There's a heart in this stamp set too, and you could use the heart in there, but you would want to use it earlier and save this for the final step because this is going to really create that super detailed bubbling. You could do it with a pen, but I found that I couldn't draw a pen bubble as well as I could stamp a pen bubble. And as I said, this only took 20 minutes for the whole card. The footage before I sped it up for this was literally 20 minutes from start to the very finish of the card. So it doesn't take as long as you might suspect. And it's a real wow factor on the card, even though it really doesn't take all that much. But anybody you give this to will think you're fantastic. I'm calling it a Valentine, but of course, you could send this to someone you love any time of year because you can always tell somebody that you love them. And now I'm going to take a pen and I'm just going to go into all of those little spaces that I couldn't get the bubble into, mostly right between those legs. There's a little teeny tiny spots that I couldn't fit it in and just draw either a half a bubble or make a little line or something just to fill those spaces in, kind of squinting to see if I can find those empty spaces across the whole thing. And if there's any places where you didn't stamp really well, this would be a good time to go in with your pen and fix some of that. I'm even going to take a white pen and some of the areas where I had a little loop over top of some of my stamping with one of the smaller bubbles, just fix that with a white pen. And now I have my sentiment stamped onto a panel and popped onto some dimensional adhesive and just kind of figure out where I want that. And I added a little punched heart to it because I decided it needed just a little bit of color. And how cute and simple is that? Even though it looks really fantastic and really detailed, it wasn't all that hard to do and there's no coloring involved. So for all of you who don't like the color, this is a great card to try for you. So there's a couple other videos here if you'd like to see some of those, you can click on my face to subscribe to my channel. There's also lots more information in the doobly-doo down below. So be sure to check out the links for the supplies, etc. And I'll see you guys next time. Take care. Bye bye.


I'm gonna give my eyelash curler a quick clean and I want to show this in the video because I often don't say this but honestly this will make such a difference because of what we're going to be doing with this eyelash curler. So it needs to be clean and dry before we actually use it to make sure we don't have any product sitting on there at all. So when it comes to my lashes, I like to do a few extra steps. I'm going to be applying some falsies but I'm also going to be doing several layers and several curls. Also when it comes to eyelash curlers, I don't know, everybody uses them and I know a lot of people are getting their eyelashes permed which I really want to do. I'm so nervous about it. I really want to do it. Let me know if you do it. Is there anything that you're like, don't do it or do it or something. Anyway, let me know. I curl my eyelashes 800 times a day. My eyelashes are very straight. This is so important to me to make sure that this little sponge that's in the eyelash curler, you have to make sure that you are changing these regularly. You don't necessarily need to go out and buy an entire new eyelash curler itself. What you can do is actually get these pads individually. Sometimes they come with one or two of them. Keep them and then you can just replace them because otherwise they won't curl. So you need to be changing these on a regular basis. And what I do is I place the eyelash curler in there and then I like push backwards and this just allows my lashes to go like this. They literally go because they're being like pulled up from the root and then I can squeeze downwards. Just want to make sure you don't grab the skin. I've done it before. Now, the longer you hold this, the longer the curl will hold. I literally did an experiment where I held the curl and I like went up in intervals and I did like a mathematical equation because I want to show people how that actually makes a difference. So the longer you hold this for, the longer lashes are going to stay curled. While I'm doing this, I always like to use my time wisely. So while my eyelashes are curling, I'm kind of either just like re-centering myself, checking my breathing, or I'm just thinking, what will I make for dinner today? You know, and I'll go through that in my head and it just means that I'm using my time really wisely whenever I'm like in a hurry, you know. But sometimes when you're in a hurry, the best thing to do is just to let yourself breathe and sit in it and just realize that that that time is just going to go how it wants to go and just take a few deep breaths. OK, so that's my first curl. I'm now going to go in with my mascara. I'm going to apply a very thin layer. Now, again, this is my main feature.  So I am going to take those extra steps that I really like to do. I'm going to apply a very thin layer. And I mean the sheerst layer of mascara, literally like one, two, three, four. Done. It's very important that you don't over apply with this first step. So I'm just going to go wiggle, pull through, wiggle, pull through. And I'll just get the edge like that. Do the other side. One thing I do when I do the other side is I try to remember to flip my hand. Sometimes I forget because the thing is a lot of these mascara is not necessarily this one, because this one isn't as tapered in a lot of them, but sometimes they're so thin and then they go so thick. So if you're doing this, right, and you have the thinner side to the inner corner, that's fine. But then if you go over here, you've got the thinner side to the outer corner and it changes the shape of the lashes. I you might not believe it, but it's true. OK, we're going to leave that to dry. It needs to dry fully before we do the next step.  So this is going to create a lot more hold for the second curl that we're going to do. It's going to make sure that that hold stays in place, but it needs to be a very thin layer. So while that mascara is setting in that first layer, I'm going to take a brown pencil. You can use black, you can use brown, whatever works for you.  So I'm going to be using this shade chocolate onto the upper tight line. So you have the water line, which is the lower part here. Then you have the tight line, which is the upper part. People use the terms and they interchange them. But usually tight line is the top, water line is the bottom. I'm going to apply this basically in between the lashes and onto the upper tight line. Use your finger like this and just kind of lift it so you can get right in there. Or some people like to literally close their eyes and run it across. There's a million different ways that you can apply this. But I just feel like this adds so much to my eyes. If I had to pick, like only to do a couple of steps, I would do my brows, I would curl my lashes and then just use this and maybe like, like a nudy lip balm, because it literally makes it look like you have something going on. I know some people naturally have this darkness there and I'm so jealous of those people. Now, if this tickles, one thing I'd recommend is looking in the opposite direction. So if you're doing the outer corner, bring your mirror over here. And then at least your pupil is going to be really far away from where you're applying the pencil. So the further your pupil is away, the less it tickles. However, over time, you literally lose the senses in your eyes as a makeup artist or even as a model. You don't feel things anymore. Like the first time I had my brows done, like tweezed my brows, I felt it so much like it was so painful. But now I'm like, I don't even notice it. I just become immune to these things. It needs a little bit longer. I can still feel a little bit of dampness. So we're just going to leave it a little bit longer because it's always better to err on the side of caution because of the next step that we're going to be doing. Now, for my older friends out there, I would recommend using a nude pencil on the lower part. Even if you just do this, like watch this, right? Boom. Don't do it like multiple times. Just go, boom, done. And it will just brighten your eyes enough. I hate making a point of being like, you're going to look so much younger because that's like younger is better. No, basically you're beautiful at whatever age you are. Just, you know, a few things can help you along the way to throw those little extra things out of the window and just be like, meh, and still let yourself be yourself. I'm going to check my lashes. They shouldn't feel crunchy. If they do, you've applied a little bit too much mascara. But these feel nice and dry and they're ready for the next curl. It's really important that you don't go in with an extra curl on crunchy or over applied mascara because literally they will damage the lashes. And this then there is going to give us that lift. It's going to give us that hold like hairspray. So we're going to do exactly the same thing that we did before. We're going to place it in there. Just going to give it a gentle squeeze this time. Look at that, look at that lift. Oh my goodness. One of my favorite makeup artists, Robert Jones, absolutely love him so much. One of the things I love is the fact that he doesn't just apply all the makeup and then wait to the end to apply mascara. He likes to build it up over time. And that way you can see the shape that he's creating as well. Now that our lashes are curled, we're going to go back in with a second layer of mascara. And this is going to be our sealant. This is going to seal in that shape. And it should hold for us so much more than if we curled our lashes and then just applied a few layers of mascara. And this is especially great if you wear glasses like me. You don't want your lashes to be dragging onto your lenses. So you want to make sure your lashes are up and away. I also always keep my eyelash curler in my car so that even if I do have falsies on and I want to put my glasses on, I do a gentle little squeeze curl so that it doesn't touch my lens.  And then it still isn't dry, so it's almost getting there though. Just going to apply a little bit of lipstick. I will always opt for applying my lipstick first and then I will do my lip liner after if I don't have a lot of time.  I'm going to go in for my second, third curl. I do just need to make sure that I don't have any mascara on the curler because otherwise our lashes will stick to the curler so we don't want that. This one doesn't need to be squeezed as much and you probably don't even need to hold it for as long as the second one either. I'm then going to go in with some falsies. Completely optional, obviously. I just love wearing falsies. So I just applied some lashes just off camera. They're pretty much the same length as my lashes. They just add just a little bit more volume. They're very sheer, very lightweight, and I really like them. Our lashes are done. I'm pretty happy with everything. So I'm like, okay, what can I do next? I want to show you microwaving instead of baking. If you don't have much time, of course you can microwave.


We have been studying a kind of chemia called MF-fusion chemia. We already knew it was driven by MF-fusion protein. And the MF-fusion protein might be able to fuse together with around 120 different fusion patterns. So that's why it's very difficult to stop it. So based on our study, we found that a protein is called ZFB64. We are able to find ZFB64 that can regulate the promoter of all the MF-fusion chemia.  Having found that MF-fusion chemia is specifically addicted to the ZFB64 protein, what we want to do next is find a way to target ZFB64. So it can be used in clinical trial.


Good morning ladies and gentlemen. How is everything going? Today I'm going to show you a security risk which I discovered is possible on Android system. So APK file infection on Android system. My name is Bob Pan. I'm a Chinese. I wrote text to JAR. Maybe some of you know me through my work. And I work for China Micro. I focus on the research on mobile security. I love my job. Yeah. Okay. When Android has been designed, Google certainly has security in mind. Now we start from three announcements that Google made to show Android is safe. Okay. So first was announced in March 2011. Because some bad guys play some bad application on the Google market. So Google through a Q switch on Android phones and they show their power by removing 50 infected or bad applications. And then Chris from Google made a statement, shocked the world. Chris said, Android is safe. Antivirus companies are scammers. Those are really strong words. And then on February 2002, 2012, sorry. So I'm going to show you a little bit of what I said. Although Google said Android is safe, they themselves add a new layer to the security of the Android. The Google banter. Google banter performs a set of analysis on everything on the Google market. And Google said some malware downloading are decreasing. After reading this, I'm sad. I found Android is safe. No antivirus companies are needed. I'm going to lose my job.  After I look into applications on the market, I found my job is safe. Because there are a lot of bad applications still there with a lot of downloads. So Google banter is infected. And this is the blog I published in May, so highlights the list of bad applications. And according to the date from China micro, the malware will be more and more and more this year. Why? Because a famous system like Android will be targeted by real scammers. Everyone knows it. So where is the challenge? Experience test, challenge is to explore the system. And only through exploring the system, we can find a way to protect the system. So let's look inside the system. I want to show you what happens to me and how I find the security list risk.  I had it. So I'm going to remove it. And then I look inside the APK files. And I find APKs, I sign the super files. It contains the Android manifest.xml. We can find the package name, version, definitions for the service, activities, receivers, whatever. And the classes.dx, we can find the code for the traffic machine. And the meta info photo, we can find the certificate and signature there. So let's look deeper into the Android manifest file. It's a Google defined xml file. Google defined but not documented. So we have to find it by ourselves. We can read the code, source code there. And there are many tools can read this. But all of them are limited. And we must do modification on it to make it suitable for the Android system. And we have to find it. And the dex file is in David, from what? This time Google defined and document. Yeah. We can find the format on the Android website. Yeah. And a lot of tools can modify it. I personally like the SM dex. It's well documented and have a nice API. And the smiley back smiley dex maker are also good. When I was modifying an application on my Android phone, I got an out of memory exception. Then I googled it and I find APKs can only use 16 to 32 meg bytes of memory. It is limited and it's not enough for the SM dex to modify a dex. So we must do in a clever way. And as last I find, I start a separate David version machine. We can bypass the limitation. Okay. The last is the meta info photo. It is designed by the sound micro system. Now it's oracle. So we can find the document from the oracle's website. And tools like JSON from the JDK and the sign APK from Android source can generate it. But the sign APK, we have the source. But it is dependent on the complement only available on the oracle. So to make it runable on Android platform, we have to do small modification to replace the dependence. Okay. I put the previous together and build my advertisement remover. And then I show the remover tool to the user.  If the bad guy got this technology, they can build a virus. So I look inside code again and build proof of some concept virus. It can work on Android without root or without any exploit. So it's time to see the magic. Tom, the cat, has an Android phone and he installs a hello world on his device. One day he got a short message from the mouse, the mouse Jerry. And Jerry asked Tom to install a new version of job box and Tom downloaded it. Then he installed it. Yeah. So job box is actually a virus that it will try to infect other applications on the device. So let's open the job box. Yeah, it's actually just the same with the original one. So let's forget about the job box. Now Tom got an application update for the hello world. And it probed him to uninstall the previous hello world. Okay. And installs a new hello world. Okay. Now let's open the new hello world. Yeah. We got to use this app. You must pay me Barbara Dora. I don't want to pay so I click no. And a school on my screen. Oh, I hate it. And then we start again. Yeah, we want to use the original hello world. So we have to pay for the money. Okay. This is actually a virus. And this technology can hijack an APK. So to use. So we have to how this works. I split this into two parts. Part A and part B. Part A is the payload of the virus. It's duty is to extract and load part B. Part B is the payload of the virus. It will try to find an APK. Inject part A into the APK and copy itself the part B into the APK. Because the APK is modified. So part B will try to resign the APK. And at last part B will promote the user to install the infected APK. So when a virus begins, it starts part A. And part A starts part B. Part B infects another application. And when another application starts, the virus begins again. So part A, part B again and again. Yeah. This is truly a virus. Okay. Today, I flew from China to United States to talk about the security of Android system. There are certainly security risks on Android system. I hope by talking about the risk, the community can join together to solve it. And we are looking forward to work with anybody to make Android safe. Thank you.


What's up everyone? Take down here. Welcome back to a new video. I'm super excited because if you guys seen recently, I did share that I had new shirt designs on T public, but in that video I did say that I was going to be making this one, which is going to be T public versus red bubble. It's basically to explain a little bit from each company. And so let's get started. So first of all, I am a Canadian and T public is in the States. I think its headquarters is California. However, they do have three warehouses all over the US. I'm not sure exactly where they are, but because it is US all the prices on their website are in the US currency. So if you do live in Canada, like myself, you have to remember it is not in Canadian currency. So you are going to have to pay a little bit more. Now the wait time to get your item, if you order from T public because it is in the States, if you do live in Canada, for me, at least it was about three weeks. Whereas red bubble, because it is in Canada, it only took within a week for me to get the stuff from red bubble. But even though red bubble is way cheaper and you do get the items way faster, you have to remember there is a huge quality difference. So that's what I'm going to be showing you right now. Okay. So up first is red bubble. So right off the bat, this shirt, according to their size charts on their site, it should have fit. I chose an XL and it should have fit. Actually, it was supposed to be a lot more roomy according to their measurements on their site. This one here, however, feels extremely tight, especially around the arms.  So for me, we're off to a really bad design because the shirt itself seems pretty cheap. The next thing I want to go about is the design. So this design is actually different than my T public design. The reason for that is because this is the first version of the design and the T public is the updated version. Both designs, however, are supposed to be a transparent fade away, which is supposed to start out as black. And then this one here, it's not supposed to be a lighter gray. It is supposed to be a little bit more transparent and then a little bit more transparent. And then the final one is supposed to be almost like it's see-through, where you can still see the outline of what it's supposed to say, but it is still transparent. Whereas for this one from red bubble, it's basically as if they just went black and then dark gray and then light gray and then almost like a white, which is definitely not what I designed. It designed it to be a transparent fade away. And that is definitely not what I actually got. So the other thing that I want to mention is this is the printing area right here for red bubble. So they do have a smaller printing area. Now, this shirt for me is not the greatest. In fact, I definitely will not be ordering from them in the future. I'm actually extremely disappointed in the outcome. The fact that the shirt is a little bit too tight, even though I use their size charts and the fact that my design didn't come out how I actually designed it. It was supposed to be a transparent fade away. And this looks like they just made a lighter color each one.  And now for the T public one. So again, it is the same design. It's just a different font. Now, I did use T public sizing chart and an XL is supposed to fit. And that is what I ordered.  It came out exactly how it was supposed to be. I ordered an XL. This fits like an XL. So I'm actually extremely impressed because it is very roomy. It is an XL, which is what I ordered, not like the one I got from red bubble, which actually felt like a large. And this design actually came out a lot better. It came out how it was supposed to be. So it is stretched out throughout the whole shirt. And it is actually a fade away, which is what it was supposed to be. So if you guys seen the red bubble transparent fade away, it wasn't a fade away. It was basically black, then dark gray, light gray, and then almost like a white. Whereas the T public one, the one I am wearing right now is actually a transparent fade away. So you guys probably can't tell on the camera here. But it starts off as black and then it transparently fades away into a darker gray and then a lighter gray and then a light gray. So it is actually a transparent fade away. Again, you can't really tell on the camera here, but it is transparent through all of these ones, which I'm actually surprised that they actually could nail the transparency in a shirt, which to me, I'm extremely impressed with. I thought maybe it was just me. Maybe it's something that can't be done. But with T public, transparent designs can be done. The ink used for red bubble felt like if it was heated or if it was put into a dryer, that it would just melt off. Whereas the T public one here, it is thinner ink and it does feel like one that you can put in the dryer. And I think the label says that as well. I would recommend ordering from T public, even if you do live in Canada and it is going to cost you a little bit more, at least you know, you are going to get something worthwhile, something that you are actually going to wear and it is amazing quality. If you are an artist yourself and you're trying to figure out which company to go with out of T public or red bubble, I would go with T public because if you do have a social media following, they will, if you ask, send you some of your shirt designs so you can share with your followers. So you don't have to pay for your shirts. They will send you some of them as long as you have a social media following. So for me, red bubble got a zero out of 10 and I wouldn't recommend them to anyone, whereas T public, I honestly would give them a 10 out of 10 and would recommend them to everyone just because they are so much better than red bubble. They're an amazing quality shirt and I'm super proud of everything that I received from them. So I hope this has helped some of you decide which company to go with just because the quality for T public, even though it is a little bit more pricier, is a little bit better. But I am going to leave this video here. I hope you guys did enjoy. I'll see you guys in the next one. Please take care. Peace.


One, two, three. What's happening here? Mm? Nine ways to get away with robbing. Deny it. Who am stealing it? You clearly were. No, you have no proof. Don't worry about him, he's not with me. Arrette, arrette, arrette. Welcome home. Tell the truth. So sweet, so sweet, so sweet. Whoa, whoa, wait, that's my laptop. Yes, a very expensive one too. We're gonna sell it. That's what robbers do. Whoa, wait, how are you gonna lock it without my password? You gonna put a digital on it? High five! Okay. That's how we're gonna sell it. I don't know if she's sure, maybe so. Switch characters quickly. Did I tell you or not that we had the same TV as this guy? What? Did I, I told you that we had the exact same TV model as this guy, right? Just came here to check, but now we're gonna head out. Don't worry. He's taking something, he's taking something. What's happening? You're taking this, not the PlayStation? You're taking this, you're taking this. Joke about it. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, what are you guys doing? Don't scare us like that. Oh, sorry. It's fine. Do you have something against robbers? Are you... Robberphobic? Like a whip? I didn't get it, I didn't get it. Explain what it is. Look organized. I'm gonna take the TV, that's planned. So after, I suggest we take everything you see, the matlack, the cover, that's gonna be on top of the rest on the truck, at least it's gonna be good. That, for your ass, we don't take it. It's a wall. Yes, but look. Up, up. Oh, hey guys. How was the, the holiday for two weeks? That was supposed to be two weeks. Well, it came back a week early because I had a family emergency. Start cleaning. Hey! We cleaned your place. Be nice to your host. What are you guys doing? We are cooking you dinner. Are you ready in 20 minutes? Please go back outside. Yeah, but the rice cooker is broken.  The audacity. The audacity. The audacity. Do you have any rice? Yes, why? Put the broken rice cooker in the rice and it'll fix itself. You're welcome. Do you not know that? Do you not? He doesn't know that? He doesn't know that. Welcome back when it's fixed. Ask to use the bathroom. Hey! May we use your bathroom? We both need to go. Yeah, sure, it's over there. Thank you. Let me know. Just a moment. Just me. What is it? Uh, hey. I need help from my friend. What are we doing? You don't have any gas problems?  No, it's just an excuse for you to come. Well, how do we get out? I'm sorry. What am I doing?  No, no, no, no. My friend didn't check properly my feces. He will check them again. Yeah. What he said. I'm sorry. You can't hear anything we're saying, right? No, don't worry. What are we doing? What are we doing? Can you hear us? Can you hear us? He can't hear us. He can't hear us. So here's what we're going to do. We're just going to get out and thank him for using these toilets. And that's all. Thank you very much for letting us use your bathroom. It's rare to see nice people like you. Yeah, sure. No. Why? Go for smaller items. Hey, that's my car. Oh. It opens with this. Thanks. Can we have the keys, too? Well, how do I know if you're not stealing? Because we asked for the keys, not the car. So you're stealing my keys? Yes. Yes. We're stealing the keys, not the car. Not the car. The keys. You're stealing my keys. This is happening only because these two are related. This, the fact that this helps starting the engine. Yeah, that's my key. Why are you still here? You guys are dressed like robbers, by the way. This is coincident. Come on. Coincidence. Coincidence. Coincidence. Coincidence. Coincidence. Coincidence. That's right. Again, not the car. Just the keys. Not the car. Just the keys. Not the car. If you found this video useful, please give it a thumbs up. If you did not find this video useful, please give it a thumbs up. If you found this video, please just give it a thumbs up. Thanks.