الحمد لله رب العالمين، له الحمد الحسن، والثناء الجميل، وشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق، وهو يهد السبيل، وشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله وإتعالى today we're going to start the introduction to the history and the formation of Arabic grammar how the Arabic grammar started what was the reason why it started and what was the phases it went through and the stages in which it went through and who are the scholars who wrote in this field and what are the different schools in the Arabic grammar and how do you reconcile between those different schools all of that إن شاء الله وإتعالى will be taken in this module بإذن الله الكريم but today إن شاء الله وإتعالى I want to speak about a couple of points إن شاء الله وإتعالى the first thing I want to speak about is the importance of learning the Arabic language and how important it is I'll also be speaking about إن شاء الله وإتعالى this belief that many have that the Arabic language is hard it can't be learned it's not for me where these claims come from and what the response are and finally I will mention practical steps if you take you can truly إن شاء الله وإتعالى gain good understanding of the Arabic language and grasp the Arabic language إن شاء الله وإتعالى but the first thing I want to start with is the importance of the Arabic language the importance of learning the Arabic language the Quran that we have my beloved brothers and sisters is in this language from all of the languages that we see in the entire world that was the only languagerocchiouz to convey his message wasn't what language it was in your Arabic language no other language and the reason why he done that is because the Arabic language is the best of languages and remember these five because they're very vital the best language that اللعنة اختر was the Arabic language the best language and Allah chose it to convey his message and that's which language the Arabic language and Allah chose the best of mankind نبي الله محمد the second one is Allah chose the best of mankind and who was the best of mankind نبي الله محمد the third one is Allah chose the best of places to send the first portion of the Quran to and that was in where نكا and Allah chose سبحانه وتعالى the best book to نبي الله محمد this book is better than all of the previous books that came and the fourth one is sorry the fifth one is the best time it was in the month of رموبان in which night ليلة القدر those five have all been gathered for the for us we have the best prophet we have the best language the best time the best book on the best of mankind my beloved brothers and sisters the Arabic language is the language of every Muslim it's the language of what every Muslim every Muslim's language is the Arabic language ولي ذلك الشيخ الإسلام بيبنوطيميا he said الإسان العربي the Arabic language is شعار الإسلام it's the symbol of الإسلام and the people of the people of الإسلام it's the language و اللغات من أعظم الشعائر الأممي التي بها يتميزون لانوجي are one of the greatest things that distinguishes nations from one another so the Arabic language is a what it's an Islamic symbol remember that it's your language your first language is the Arabic language الله سبحانه وتعالى when he put this Quran down he sent it at a time as he always word سبحانه وتعالى الله always sent miracles and prophets and the miracles that he sent on each prophet was what the best thing at that time whatever they thought that they reached the pinnacle in الله will send a prophet that will come with a miracle that would be mind boggling to them نبي الله موسى magic was the the thing was all about magic and Allah gave نبي الله موسى أوات he gave him a miracle which was that he stick would turn into a سعبان a big snake نبي الله عيس this time it was medicine that was what they were they reached a pinnacle in so Allah gave عيس سبنه مريم the ability with his permission سبحانه وتعالى to bring the dead to life again with whose permission with الله سبحانه وتعالى's permission meaning everything they came with that prophet would come with something that was greater و لذلك at the poet he said جاء النبيون بالآيات فانصرمت وجئتنا بحكيم غير منصرمي آيات كل ما طال المدى جدد يبينهن جمال العتق والقدمي every prophet he came with a miracle and when that prophet went the miracle went with him except muhammad sallallahu peace be upon him the miracle he came with was the Quran and of course he did come with other miracles but the biggest of them was the Quran even though he is gone the miracle of the Quran is still what still going on still continuous hasn't stopped every time you read the Quran the gems and the jewels that are in it keep coming out آيات كل ما طال المدى جدد يبينهن جمال العتق والقدمي every time and the time that goes on the Quran amazement comes out from it it didn't perish nor did it go sallallahu aleyhi wasallam the Quran came at a time when the Arabs were at the pinnacle of eloquency ولي داري كدوا Arab poets شعراء poets and they would stick their poetry on the Kaaba which was named معلقات what does a معلقة mean معلقة is something you tie somewhere you dangle it from somewhere the first of those معلقات the first of those poets was a man by the name of امر قيس امر قيس was 150 years between him and the prophet sallallahu aleyhi wasallam and there were 10 of them they were the chosen ones they would come to the Kaaba or they would come to the seasonal time when the people come to the market and to buy and they would speak their poetries so their poetries was written in ink of gold and it was stuck into the Kaaba that's the time that the Quran came down and الله تعالى he challenged them he said come with something like this and Allah said in the Quran وإن كنتم في ريب مما نزلنا على عبدنا فأتوا بصورة من مثله ودعوا شهاداءكم وإن دون الله إن كنتم صادقين فإن لم تفعلوا ولم تفعلوا فاتقوا النار التي وقودها الناس والحجارة وعدت للكافرين وإن نضع أي الله سيس قل لأين جتمعات الإنسو والجن على أن يأتوا بمثل هذا القرآن لا يأتون بمثله ولو كان بعضهم لبعض ضهرا الله سبحانه وتعالى he said if you are in state of doubt of this Quran وإن كنتم في ريب مما if you are in doubt of this book and you don't believe it's from Allah فأتوا بصورة من مثله come with one of its chapters one sura the smallest sura sura 2 القوثر come with the likes of this call your witnesses in the other ayah ودل الله سيقل لأين جتمعات الإنسو والجن if they all come together to come with the likes of this Quran they will never be able to come with the Quran الله says ولو كان بعضهم لبعض ضهرا if they even aided one another and they helped each other are we all together brothers in another ayah الله تعالى he said ولقد ضربنا في هذا القرآن من كل مثل we have given examples and parables examples in the Quran لعلهم يتذكرون the reason why we gave these parables in the Quran is that the people componder over it and look at it and analyze the Quran and then Allah says قرآن عربيا غيرا العيواجن it's a Quran that doesn't have no crookedness in it you know what some of the scholars they said the reason why it doesn't have crookedness in it is because it's in which language it's in the Arabic language it's the only language that can convey the message like that it's the only language that can convey the message like that the Quran doesn't have no it's a Quran which is upright it's consistent قرآن عربيا غيرا العيواجن لعلهم يتقون so you can come with what so you can come with Taqwa some of the scholars they took from that through the Arabic language people can really gain Taqwa from it after Allah mentioned the Arabic language is mentioned in Taqwa in the same context are we all together brothers because to really gain e-man boost from the Quran it cannot fully be accomplished in any other language other than the Arabic language الله says in another ayah وإنه لتنزيل رب العالمين نزل به الروح الأمين على قلبك لتكون من المنذين بلسان عربي مبين this Quran is in what language Arabic clear Arabic language again no other language can be spoken clearly other than the Arabic language and that can convey Allah's message the way He wants it other than the other Arabic language so can you fulfill the obligation of pondering on the Quran if you don't know the Arabic language brothers can you come with the ayah أفلا يتدبرون القرآن أم على قلوب أقفالها أفلا يتدبرون القرآن ولو كان من عند غير الله لو وجدوا فيه اختلافا كثيرا أفلا يتدبروا القور all of those verses are saying why do they not ponder on the Quran so to ponder means you understand what you're pondering on if you don't know that language of the Quran you can truly not come with the ability to really ponder and to take benefits out of the Quran the way it should be وذلك الباقلاني look what he said something very good he has a book with عجاز القرآن he said something he said the person whose language is not the Arabic language means he doesn't speak the Arabic language he doesn't know the Arabic language so he's a foreigner he doesn't know the Arabic language they cannot know the miracles in the Quran isn't the Quran the miracle that we have today this miracle you cannot truly have the ability to understand it if you don't have the Arabic language the only thing that you can say is I know that no one can come with the life of the Quran that's the only way that you know it's a miracle but you don't know it's a miracle because of the meaning that is in it because you are what you don't know the Arabic language you don't know the Arabic language فارقارين مسلم ما من الأنبياء there was no prophet من نبي إلا قد أُعطي من الآيات ما مثله آمن عليه البشر every prophet, Allah gave him a wat a miracle for his people to follow him every prophet and I told this before at the beginning every prophet was given miracles for him to use لذلك الناس يستطيعون أن يتبقونه وانظروا what the Prophet said وإنما as for كان اللدي أوتي توحيين the one that I was given was a revelation أوحاه الله إليه this Quran is the one I was given فأرجو and because of this Quran I hope أكون أكثر متابع عن يوم القيامة and because of it I hope to have the most followers the day of judgment so what miracle did the Prophet point towards which language is this miracle in it's in the Arabic it's in the Arabic language ولذلك نبي الله محمد one of the things Allah said that he gave him uniquely of all of the other prophets was what he said I was given جوامع الكلم do you know what جوامع الكلم means it means I could speak little in wording but powerfully meaning eloquence in his speech صلى الله عليه وسلم a man came to the Prophet he said قولي في الإسلام قولا say to me in Islam means say something to me that I will not need to ask anyone after you just tell me something I will not I just want you give it to me what did the Prophet say to him قول أمان تبي الله ثم استقن say I believe in Allah and be what look how smooth that is say I believe in Allah and be what steadfast that's the whole religion I believe in Allah and be steadfast in small sentence what did he say صلى الله عليه وسلم so much volumes can be written on it صح عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم إبن رجب الحمب لي has a كتاب called على علم الخلف in this book do you know what he talks about he talks about the knowledge of the سلف compared to the knowledge of the خلف which is us the late comers and you know what he says the virtue of the early generations knowledge compared to the late ones do you know what he said the difference was the early generation they will speak little but have a big effect in what they say we would speak for a long time but really what do you take from it not much substance so who goes back to brothers what the Arabic language شيخ الإسلام إبن تيمي look what he said he said معلوم when it is known أن تعلم العربية تلاني the Arabic language وتعليمها and teaching it فرضون على الكفاية it's a communal obligation there has to be a group of people who are out there teaching the Arabic language or if not we're all sinners فرضون كفاية what does it mean إذا قام بيه بعد سقط عن الباقين if a group of people stand up to teach the Arabic language then that's good but if no one teaches the Arabic language we are all sinning it's a communal obligation look what he says وكالسلف the self of this umma they used to discipline their children beat them we're going to see some examples later on what if they grammatically spoke wrong عمر he used to hit his children he used to beat them if they didn't and he would discipline them if they grammatically spoke wrong what would عمر do if he saw people who don't even know if the difference between here he's disciplining his children and what what is he disciplining them on they speak in Arabic but they're just doing a grammatical mistake here and there فناحنو يبنو تيمير carries on saying فناحنو we are أمر إي جابن it's obligatory mandatory or it's highly recommended أن نحفظ القانون العربي and the principles of the Arabic language ونصلح ألصنا and that we correct our tongue المائيلة عنه that has deviation in it the incorrectness that's in our tongue that we get rid of it فيحفظ لنا فيحفظ لنا so it can be protected for us طريقة فهم الكتاب والسنة the way to understand the book and the sunnah to understand the Quran and the sunnah and correct your tongue from Arabic mistakes are we all together brothers is that it he went on to say in another place رحمه الله إعلمنو أن اتياد اللغة using the Arabic language consistently and continuously brothers pay attention to this this is very powerful يؤسروا في العقلي it affects your intellect لاني the Arabic language will affect the way you think okay والخلق وديلي and it will also affect your manners and it will also affect your religion just by speaking Arabic your أقل will increase he said your religion will increase and your manners is going to increase تأثيراً قوياً بيناً إبنو تيما said it will affect greatly clearly three things the way you think your أقل it will affect what the way you carry yourself and your manners and it will also affect your religion brothers if you don't know the Arabic language you are not allowed to do each tihad one of the conditions of each tihad is that you know the Arabic language what does it mean it means independent reasoning to go to the Quran and the sunnah and to extract from it rulings you have to know the Arabic language you are never going to be a مجتهد and you spend the rest of your life being a مقلد a blind follower and a مقلد brothers is what a مقلد is like a dead body in front of the person who is washing him you are nothing somebody else is controlling your religion for the rest of your life somebody is going to be telling you what your lord is saying to Allah the Arabic language is vital brothers if you want to go to the sources directly if you go to the books of this is what you find they add to the conditions of each tihad learning the Arabic language سبكي says when he speaks about شروط المجتهد he says وتصريفا you have to know the Arabic language you have to know grammar you have to know morphology morphology is what بينية الكلمة you have to learn the construction of words بفعل للفعل ذو التجريد أو فعلة يأتي ومقصور يأتي ومقصور عين أو على فعل وضم من فعل في المضارع تحموض على الكسري في المبنيه واجهان فيه من احسب مع وغرطة وحرطة these are words in Arabic language فعل فعل فعلة what's the difference these are morphological the word and how it's scaled according to the scholars of the language you have to know this it's a condition الابصحاقة الشيرازي ان الكتابة اللمع he says the same he says ويعرفوا طرق التي يعرفوا بها ما يحتاجوا إليه من الكتاب والسنة سيوطي said something very powerful that touched me really and I want all of you to pay attention to this جلال الدينة سيوطي said something very powerful please listen to this he transmitted a statement from who said this statement الامام الشافعي سيوطي mentioned this in his Kitab صون المنطق he said الامام الشافعي محمد امدلسا شافعي just to mention شافعي was a proof in the Arabic language are you the brothers الامام الشافعي he was a what حجة في اللغة the language used to reference him like عبد ملك ابن قريب الأصمعي who we're going to see later who was imam in the language he said I took from شافعي the poetry of the people of Hudayl I read it from شافعي اللي باب الشافعي شافعي when he was a young kid when he finished the Quran when he finished the Quran he was two years old when his mom bought him to Makkah his father died his father died when he was very little he didn't see his father his mother raised him his mother brought him to Makkah and he was two years old he was two years of age الامام الشافعي his mother didn't even have money to pay for his مدرسة so he went to the Kitab the teacher said you don't have to pay anything just learn he used to teach the Quran and then after that when he finished the Quran شافعي went to the outskirts of Makkah where did he go to the outskirts of Makkah why did he go to the outskirts of Makkah to sit with the Bedouins and take from them what the Arabic language the pure clean untampered with Arabic language especially the people of Hudayl that tribe he went to them he sat with the people of Hudayl and he took from them keeping in mind شافعي is Quraish he is Mutalibi عبد مراف had four kids عبد مراف how many kids did he have had four sons from the sons is Hashim نبيله محمد came from it the second child was what مطالب who came from Mutalib شافعي شافعي goes back him and the prophet meet in عبد مراف المام الشافعي هاشم مطالب نوفل and عبد الشمس those four were brothers هاشم and مطالب which is شافعي and who the prophet are the two closest one than the other two brothers there's a history behind that if you read the Seerah when Allah talks about أهل البيت وعلموا أن مغنيمت من شيء فأن لله خموسه وليه الرسول وليه ذي القربة وليه ذي القربة he is referring to بني هاشم and بني مطالب not the other two brothers يسألوا عبد الشمس أثمان معافان والإداريكو عثمان معافان came to the prophet he said why is it 4 children who come from عبد مراف 4 of them brothers how is it two they get one fifth of the spoils of war and the other two brothers don't get nothing they're dealt with like the rest of the people and the Prophet said بني مطالب شافعي's family وفور إسلام وفتا إسلام قد يأتي عندما قريب جميع النابي للمحمد وإنهي أنكو أبو طالب في المدينة في الشعب. الآخرين الذين كانوا بوطالب في الشعب كانوا باني هاشيم ووهو. باني موطالب لقد كانوا بوطالب في الشعب. جميع الآخرين الذين كانوا بوطالب في الشعب وأن of that they go up a hand. شايفع was from that tribe. even then it didn't stop him from learning the Arabic language. he sat down brothers and he learned the Arabic language and you know what he said he said I learned the Arabic language so I can serve fiq. بالله العليو كنبونه عن this. I learned the Arabic language so I can become a good faqi. That's why I learned the Arabic language. So you have to understand the Arabic language brothers. Look at what Imam Shafi' said here. Shafi' said and I really want everybody to write this and memorize this. This is a very important statement Shafi' said. Shafi' said the people did not become ignorant about this religion. وَلَخْتَلَافُواْ and they did not dispute one another. إِلَّا لِتَرْكِيْمْ it's because they forsaked لسان العرب. The Arabic language. وَمَيْلِهِمْ and they turned towards إِلَا لِسانِيْ أَرْتَطَالِيسْ and they turned towards the language of Aristotle. Greek. And they turned away from what language? The Arabic language. Two things he said pay attention to this. He said The people did not become ignorant of their religion. وَلَخْتَلَافُواْ and they did not dispute one another. And become groups. إِلَّا لِتَرْكِيْمْ لِسان العرب. It's because they left the Arabic language. And one of the reasons why deviated groups came is because they couldn't understand the Arabic language. They couldn't understand what the Quran was saying. Well, if you read the books of Aqida you find a lot of the times the scholars would say This group من العجمي أوتو What does that mean? Ignorance of the language brought this problem to them. Ignorance of the Arabic language threw them into what brothers? Into Aqida problem. With that a Bedouin man one time he heard a man recite the Quran. And some of the scholars they mentioned this was one of the reasons why the Arabic grammar was placed. He recited the Quran and he came to the ayah وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَا النَّاسِ يَوْمَا الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِيْ أنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيْءُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُ That's what the ayah is, right? This man instead of reading it as وَرَسُولُهُ he read it as وَرَسُولُهُ He plays a Kassala there Nothing more, nothing less Let's read it with the Dhamma وَرَسُولُهُ Let's read it like that, which is the way it is If we read it correctly it means Allah and his messenger are free from the hypocrites And if we read it as a Kassala it becomes Allah is free from the messenger and the hypocrites This is a Bedouin man he knows Arabic language very well And so when he heard that the man reading the ayah as وَرَسُولُهِ He said, did Allah free himself from the prophet? Is Allah free from the messenger? If that's the case, so am I I free myself from the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم All because of the way the ayah was read And the issue reached Omar from Al-Khattab And he was informed And he said from that day onwards And he read the Quran if he didn't know the Arabic language Just a Kassala Just a Kassala Nothing big The whole entire meaning changed from إيمان to كفر فح I mean of course the Bedouin man is not a disbeliever because he is ignorant But look how the whole entire verse changed from what he was saying to what it turned into all because of a grammatical mistake And there are many examples in the Quran that are like that For example when the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم Prevented the companions from saying ما شاء الله And what else were they saying before that? وشاء محمد right? ما شاء الله If Allah willed and the prophet Are you with me? What did he prevent them from? He said drop the wow Drop the wow Exchange it with what? ثوم مع a two letter word From شرك to توحيد One letter, شرك Two letters توحيد Does that not show you how important the language is? It does brothers He said don't say And use the wow Because the wow shows that you're connecting Allah's will and the prophet's will together Are we together brothers? So it's very important That the language is land And that's why look what sheikh was saying سيوطي جلال الدينة سيوطي look what he said as well After he brought the words of ألمام الشافعي وقد وجدت سيوطي he said I have found قبل الشافعي before ألمام الشافعي Meaning I saw before ألمام الشافعي Some of the scholars before شافعي they said And they alluded to أشار إلى ما أشار إليه They alluded to شافعي they alluded to Which is that the ignorance And the dispute where did it come from Ignorance of that Arabic language They alluded to it and look what he said أن السبب الابتداع الجهل بالسان العرب The bid'a Where did it come from? Where did the bid'a come from? He said He said One of the places it came from was the ignorance of the Arabic language Are we all together brothers? الرحمن على العرش استوى استوى استوى What changed its meaning brothers? And made it istola Istowa according to the Arabs is على ورتفع Every Arab knew that When did it change from Are you with me brothers? Am I making sense here?  On grammatical mistakes Just like his father would do it عبد الله If he heard his son speak wrong He would beat him So he can correct his tongue أبي ابن كعبن The great companion He said تعلموا العربية كما the same way تعلمون حفظ القرآن The way that you learn the memorization of the Quran Learn the Arabic language The way that you learn And you memorize the Quran What do you need to learn? Learn the Arabic language It's really embarrassing And I hate to put you all under the spotlight But it's really embarrassing To be living in an Arab country And you don't speak the Arabic language It's embarrassing Especially This is your language As I said The Arabic language It's your language It's the language of every Muslim It's not the language of an Arab It's the language of what? Every single Muslim And you speak English And French And Japanese And you don't even speak the Arabic language The language in which In it If you learn The success of this world And it's connected to it Because of the Quran And you can't read it You don't understand it Are you with me brothers? نفصلJean If we go to the ayah On Kaboot right?  الله says In this Quran we give examples We give Imma means Allah says No one understands it Except those who have knowledge عمر입니다مرره He said في القرآن و لا أعلم ماذا يعني بكي طو على نفسي و أقرأ myself ماذا أفعل؟ أقرأ أنا فقط أدخل في العالم و الله أخبريه و أخبريه و أخبريه و أخبريه و لا أفهمه و أقرأ myself أعتقد أن شخص who spent 40 سنة و 30 سنة و لا أعلم القرآن و ماذا يعني? يتحدث عن أحد أخبار هنا الله أخبريه و أقرأ و أعلم هذا اللغة أعلم وقتها أعلمها أو أم تتحرك بشكل أخر أم رضي الله تعالى عن ودري سيتعلم الفرائضة واللحن تعلم الإنهاراتين و تعلم اللغة العربية اللغة العربية تعلمها و سنن تعلم السنة كما تعلمون القرآن و يتعلم القرآن كل ذلك تجدني يتكلم القرآن و يجدون اللغة العربية it's as important حóمة is saying memorizing the Quran memorizing the sunnah memorizing inheritance and memorizing the Arabic language it's the same we'll all do it ابن عبد البر he said اللحنو لحن يعني معرفة وجوه الكلامي وتصرغفه والحجة به يجب أن تلاحظ how the Arabic word is used the forms and the ways that it comes in أبي جعفر he said من فقه الرجل أي من فق is عرفان وهو اللحنة that he learns the Arabic grammar that shows that man is a Fakih if he knows the Arabic language to the extent brothers some of the self they considered it if you read a hadith grammatically wrong that you will fall under the hadith of the Prophet من كذب علي متعمدا فليتب ومقعده من النار anyone who lies about me deliberately let him prepare his place in the hellfire you've lied about the Prophet if you read a hadith grammatically wrong what have you done you've lied about the Prophet how have you lied about the Prophet because when you're reading the hadith you're saying that the Prophet spoke like this and the Prophet never done a grammatical mistake look what أصمعي عبد الملك ابن قريب said إن أخوة فما أخافوا على طالب العلمي the thing that I fear the most for a student of knowledge is إذا لم يعرف النحوة that if he doesn't learn grammar أن يدخل في جملة قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من كذب علي متعمدا فليتب ومقعده من النار that he might fall under that hadith لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يكن يلحنوا فمهما رويتا عنه حديثا ولا حنت فيه كذبت علي every time you read a hadith and you do a grammatical mistake you have lied about the Prophet because you're saying that the Prophet said it like this and if you lied about the Prophet what's going to happen to you prepare your place in the what in the hellfire prepare your place in the hellfire الامام ابن عبد البر ابن عبد البر امام خطيب البغدادي صلى الله عليه وسلم he has a book called جامع لأخلاق الغراوي وأداب السامع where he talks about the student of hadith the hadith student who wants to learn the hadith of the Prophet he placed a chapter in that book of his what did he do? he placed a chapter in there and in that chapter what did he mention? he said learning the Arabic language he said اتغيب في تعلم النهوي والعربية لأداء الحديث بالعبارة السوية learning the Arabic language before you even speak about the Prophet's hadith before you even read and learn the Arabic grammar historically when you look at Islam the non-Muslims used to love to learn the Arabic language the non-Muslims used to like it times have changed the Muslims have forsaken the Arabic language and where have they run to? the English language historically the glory was learning the Arabic language ألمام الحريري you listen to the story ألمام الحريري you as a مقامات but he sent in his كتاب دورة الغواص في أوهام الخواصي listen to the story أن يهوديا جوش من سأل أبا عثمان المازيني جوش من he came to أبا عثمان المازيني جوش man he came to this great scholar of the Arabic language what did he ask him? he asked him أن يقرئه he said please read on me كتاب سيبوه سيبوه was going to be taken who he is is the father of grandma and he goes he is the leader of the school of basala and an Imam عليب نحمزة الكسائنة he is the what? the Imam of the people of Khufa and we are going to speak about that historically later إن شاء الله و تعالى بإذن الله الكريم he said the Jewish man said to أبا عثمان المازيني can you read on me? can you read on me what? the book of سيبوه و دفع إليه and he gave to him مئة دينارين and he gave him how much? 100 what? do you know what the dinar is brothers? yeah, dinar is what? dinar is gold brothers he gave him 100 gold today that is thousands of thousands of dollars he put it in front of the great noble Imam and he said teach me فردها أبا عثمان المازيني pushed the money back to him و لم يفعل أن he didn't do it و كان محتاجا and he really needed the money really needed that money فقال له أبا العباس المبرد another great Imam in the language أبا عباس المبرد and another Imam in the language will mention him إن شاء الله و تعالى as well he said to him لم تقرأه why didn't you read it for him? I take the money you know you needed the money why didn't you just take it? فقاله he said إن في كتاب سيبويه in the book of سيبويه is what? آيات من القرآن there are quranic verses in it فلا أقرأها يهودينا and I'm not going to read it on a Jewish man is it to Islam right? the honor of Islam that a Jewish man would give money لن تقرأه كثيراً what would he do? to learn this language and what happened في عكسة الموازين the scale went upside down now we are paying that much money to learn what the English language we are learning and we give time to learning the English language and we've chosen to turn away from the Arabic language so here إن شاء الله و تعالى I'm going to move on to the next part of my session today which is the claim that the Arabic language is hard the claim that the Arabic language is hard the people who push these brothers to make the Arabic language seem like it's hard and it cannot be learnt and Subhan Allah it's like you're moving a mountain was if you look at it was the the colonials when they came to the Arab countries and the Muslim countries are you with me brothers and they made jokes about the Arabic language if you want to beg learn the Arabic language و هكذا in our country that's the things that were spread by the Italians and the British when they came in especially the Italians if you want to beg learn the Arabic language if you want to insult somebody learn Italian if you want to be educated learn the English language و هكذا the ayat to belittle the Arabic language Arabic language only for begging so what will happen to the person it will become they won't see the language to be something very important so because of that you see people from different Arab countries that can't speak to each other they don't understand each other because they've been all given different dialects and they've been turned away from the what the فصحة and some places when you go to if you speak correct Arabic language to a taxi driver in Arab when you finish he will say صدق الله العظيم هكذا و الله you know they will laugh at you they will mock it they said this is the كلامة بحسن البصر and what are you talking about are you with me brothers so what is it that allowed this to spread in order for us to overcome it is important to respond to it we have to first of all know what are the causes for this claim and this false claim number one try to write this down إن شاء الله و تعالى is the way that it spread that the Arabic language is hard and it cannot be attained is the following reasons number one the passion within the Muslims died out for the Arabic language the people they lost غيرا jealousy love passion for the Arabic language that this is this is your language when somebody says that to you what will happen to you you want to let it go and when somebody tells you that the Arabic language is your is this شاعش is from the what the شاععير of Islam the symbols of Islam and what did Allah say in the Qur'an دالك و من you عظيم شاععير الله فإنها متقوى القلوب the symbols of Islam are you allowed to belittle it ها can't دالكا my country one of the ways that they came to us was that they belittled the Arabs and they belittled the what the Arabic language belittled belittled in the Arabs and belittled in the Arabic language is belittled in the Prophet ﷺ and the language he spoke are you new brothers dangerous what is it it is dangerous so this they take away from you the غيرا what's the best translation for the word غيرا in the English language the protective jealousy leaves you number two believing every single allegation that's made people just believe it without investigating somebody will come up to you and say to your grandma don't even go that path go learn this subject you don't even say okay let me see it for myself you don't do it so people just believe the allegation that the Arabic's grandma is hard it creeps into you because you don't investigate you don't look for it into it yourself are we all together brothers so because of that the allegations that the Arabic language is hard it spreads it spreads the third reason why this allegation spread was because بعفو the weakness in مناهج النحو the curriculums and the syllabus that were made for the Arabic language if you look at the syllabus that are taught in some institutes the Arabic language the syllabus is taught so weak excessively weak the person doesn't have no exercise the weakest curriculum is picked it's not chosen it's not hand picked and because of that when the person says one or two classes what happens he thinks this is not for me and he walks away number three the fourth one four is the teachers that are teaching it are not qualified they themselves don't know the subject they are unqualified teachers who are teaching the subject and so when they come into the classroom they don't come with that passion and that drive and that motivation they scribble things on the board and do you understand now it's up to you and they leave and so what happens if the teacher who's teaching it doesn't like the subject or is not passionate about it of course the students are what I'm not going to feel the same وَلِدَالِكَ that's very common if you go to the ثانوية the secondary schools and you go to the متوسط and the افتدائية and you look at the teachers who teach in the تحفيذ and the مدرسة what type of teachers are they I don't really care they're just but when you go to university and you go to these Harvard and Princeton and Cambridge and Oxford and so neat and tables and everything the teacher comes with passion and drive and are you with me brothers but the Quran class and the Arabic class everything is what quality nothing the way it's done savage the teacher doesn't care this does make the person not feel inclined to learning the Arabic language the fifth is the amount of lectures that are given are literally number for example if it might be 20 subjects 20 hours grandma might be 4 hours 5 hours enough amount of lessons will not be given to grandma that is the least is reduced and so the teachers told take this big curriculum and teach it in a very short period of time are you with me brothers but all of the other subjects good time is given to it also the lack of ability to apply the Arabic group that you learned in the class to apply it out on the streets there's no way to apply it even if you did learn it when you come out you're going to have to speak what not Fusar right the standard Arabic will not be spoken so the person is learning and now I'm had Abitun and when he comes out he can't even say that are you with me brothers he's done had and hadihi but when he comes out he doesn't use had and hadihi that's the user العمية so how can we overcome this and what's the way to practically overcome these problems number one to think that the Arabic language is hard or it's complicated and it cannot be studied is like maths is like any other subject and no subject just because it's hard is it abandoned why is it that only Arabic grammar is abandoned because it's hard or it seemed to be hard if we accept it for the sake of argument that it's hard we don't hear anybody saying maths is hard so yeah don't do it or physics is hard don't do it rather the ratio the ratio of people who are going for these academic sciences which are much harder than the Arabic language are high but those same people will say to you what when you're down here I don't know if you if it's like that back home in India like in my country where I'm from if the person is bright he's sent to academic sciences engineer medicine doctor if he fails in life become an Imam صح is it like that huh say والداليكة the person who's the Imam is a failed person in life he couldn't do anything so he said I might as well just memorise the Qur'an هكذا صح والداليكة one time I was in a lecture of one of the Mashayikh and one of the students of Sheikh I find it hard to revise in the morning the Sheikh said something I was shocked when he said he said seeking knowledge is not for you go for maths and science and then when he finished as a Sheikh why did you say that to him he said if we take people like him on board they're going to be given faster to the people we need people who are sharp because those are the type of people they used to be when they when it came to seeking Islamic knowledge we're encouraging the wrong people to become something he said failures in life and we're saying do it do it do it he's got a point صح and I don't totally agree with it but the truth is it's like that the person fails in everything he just says okay I'll be the Imam of my local Masjid so the Arabic language brothers it's like any other science it just needs you to think focus and put hard work in like in brothers the Arabic grammar is broken into two two types write this down the Arabic language is broken into how many types? two types جانب a type which is جانب عمليون تطبيقي application the first type is it is practical it's application it's that you have to speak correctly this one is definitely not that hard for sure I mean I speak English and if somebody does a grammatical mistake in the English language I can definitely pick up pick on it and say look that's a grammatical mistake don't say that but if you sometimes ask me how do you know this is wrong I would say to Allah but I know it's wrong so the جانب عمليون تطبيقي صح we all know that right generally in every same might apply to you in your your mother tongue language you may know if anybody speaks wrong you say stop saying that that's wrong if you ask you grammatically grammatically explain to me why I'm wrong you'll say I don't know just listen to me صح correct so this one is not what majority of the people are talking about when they say the Arabic language is hard because that's easy that just needs you to what it needs you to immerse immerse with the people who are speaking the language and just keep talking talking talking and you'll pick up like in the second one which is جانب عمليون دقيق this is نظري it's جانب عمليون نظري oh yes why did you say جعذادن and not زيدن or زيدان how did you say زيدن are you new brothers why did you say جعذادن رأيت زيدان مارارت بزيدن look at listen to the word زيد what happened? انتظروا وصفوا النار زيد ماذا حدث بزيد جاءة just focus on زيد جاءة زيدون رأيتوا رأيتوا زيدا مررتوا بزيدين what happened to زيد it changed right this is what جاءة فاعل فاعل زيد جاءة جاءة sorry زيدون is a فاعل صحيح ان استفع فاعل the subject جاءة لسا و جاءة جاء فعل ماضي مبنى على الفتح لا محل لهم من العراب زيدون زوات فاعل جاءة مرفوع وعلامة رفعه ضمت ضاهرة على آخره رأيتوا رأى فعل ماضي مبنى على السكون مبنى على الفتح ونسيد التاضمين متصل في محل رفع فاعل زيدا مفعل به منصوب وعلامة نصبه الفتح ضاهرة على آخره are you with me brothers don't worry if you don't know it now you will insha'Allah تعالى مررتوا مر مررتوا we can say two ways we can say فعل ماضي مبنى على السكون لا محل لهم من العراب التاضمين متصل في محل رفع فاعل بقى حرفه من حروف الجري زيدين اسم مجرور وعلامة جري كسرة راهرة على آخره that's why this is زي دون this is زي دن and this is زي دين جرماتيكلي did that make sense to all of you guys yeah no don't worry that's the part that may be hard for some people are you with me brothers لكن عرم might look at that and know what you say if it's right or if it's what or if it's wrong he will know that but the point brothers is this is the part that's generally hard for some people that's the point number one i want all of you all of you to remember insha'Allah تعالى the second way to all to make the Arabic language easier and to make people enjoy your brothers is the methodology the methodology of learning the Arabic language brothers can make it very the methodology of learning the Arabic language brothers can make it very exciting if a correct منهدية is taken and when it comes to the Arabic language the person should take these books first you can say both ways it's said second book that you should study is the third book that you should study is which is مفهولوجي then the person does those are the five books in grammar easy simple and this one is one thousand lines in grammar that's the last book that's the methodology that you take when you study grammar are we all together brothers am i making sense here the next point is finding a teacher who's qualified who knows the subject and enjoys teaching the subject are we all together brothers والله when the teacher enjoys the subject and he loves his subject and he finds joy in it i promise he will make the students enjoy it are you with me brothers it depends it depends on teacher who's teaching it if he loves it and he enjoys it and he likes it but if he's just there to take his monthly salary huh and that's all he's waiting for الان شكول عايب you're not going to enjoy that subject and you're not going to learn it because he doesn't care he does not he does not care also brothers is to know that the one of the greatest among the greatest scholars in this language a lot of them were blind they couldn't even see for a subject that really requires observation and looking and thinking and everything a lot of them were blind from them for example is he was blind مع ذلك he was from the great scholars of the arabic language the same applies to محمد من مقرم الانصاري سعيد من المبارك who was known as and this brother shows you it's really how much effort that you put in something the poet he said الانائن والفنون وجنون some people like it shocks me you want to wake up one day and just become a grammarian the poet he said you want to wake up you wish to wake up one morning and become a فقي who's who's strong in his arguments and then he look what the poet said he said craziness it comes in different ways and shapes and this is one of them to wake up and just become a grammarian or to wake up and to become a overnight that doesn't happen and it hasn't happened for anybody listen to this story and i'm going to conclude there إن شاء الله و تعالى and this story is خاليد من عبدالله الأسهري he used to he used to they say he used to light the candles in the university of are you with me brothers in أزهر when the students were studying he was a man who had a good heart so what he used to do is just to walk around with the and he used to pour the tea for the students and put the candle on for them and that's what he used to do خاليد من عبدالله الأسهري one day what happened was as he always used to do that one day what he did was by accident he the candle fell onto the students notes and it fell onto him when it fell onto him he set him يا جاهل you ignorant individual what are you doing look where you خاليد من عبدالله الأسهري that hurt him so much he's here caring for the students what's خير جلها he set him you ignorant individual what are you doing look where you're pouring i'ma look what you're doing so what did he do he stopped that day on with he did not do that anymore what did he do he went towards the arabic language until he became the seba way of his time he has one of the best books in arabic language from them is one of the best books he has he this book i'm telling you the last book you know what he did to it he did إعراب of the whole poetry the one thousand lines of poetry of ابن ماريكس الفية he did إعراب of it he grammatically analyzed every single word in the الفية are you new brothers and he has a kitab called one of the best books it's called موصل الطلاب موصل الطلاب some scholars call it some scholars call it موصل الطلاب which is a شرح of قواعد الإعراب by ابن شيه حشام الأنصاري's كتاب he explained it he became an Imam and this brothers what does it bring us to it brings us to how these people when they were told go for this do this you can do it they would go for it the poetry he said don't mention us next to these people we're like when nothing like them ابو عمر من العلق who is the Imam in the arabic language he's from the one of the Qur'an one of the Qur'an you know the Qur'an right from one of the Qur'an of the Qur'an the Qur'at he's one of the Imam he's a محدث scholar of hadith he was a مفسر he was a فقي everything you know what he said he said we what are we compared to the old the people before us he's from the self he's saying that what are we compared to those who came before us we're just like a mushroom you know what a mushroom is under a big tree that's how we are so brothers please give time to learning the arabic language don't take it lightly you're not going to really understand the Qur'an you're not going to understand what the prophet is saying imagine brothers your father wrote you a letter you died and a letter from your father came to you and he wrote it in a language that you can't understand what would you do بالله عليكم you will ask somebody to explain it for you right and you would want to know what your father said to you right what about what Allah said to you the Qur'an has come to you from your lord and this Qur'an you have been told ولا يشقى في الدنيا ولا يشقى في الأخرة انت gonna find prosperity in this world and hereafter your khair of this world and the khair of hereafter is connected to this مصحف this Qur'an how do you know how how how can it happen and you don't understand it and a lot of you are in this country a muslim country find an institute find somewhere أردت أن أتكلم للمنزل أتكلم هذا المنزل إنه أصدقائك سأكمل مع كتابة كتابة أي شيء الذي أخبرت أنه صحيح هو مني الشيطان أن الله و his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفرك أتوب إليه أي سؤال سأعلم سأعلم في أعبال أعبال كما في هذه الأسئلة لا نفعل أعبال كذلك لا نفعل أي أعبال نحن سأتكلم عن أصدقائك أم لا هل نمتع أخبارنا ما سنفعل؟ أصدقائك كيف أصدقائك أم أول أخبارك كيف أصدقائك سأتكلم عن أصدقائك أم أول أخبارك ما سنفعل نحن سأتكلم عن أصدقائك كذلك لكن كيلي مهز يوجد يوجد يوجد يوجد يوجد يوجد يوجد هل نمتع أخبارنا لكن نبدأ من أجرومية وننفعلها ثم نذهب من متممة الأجرومية ثم نذهب إلى الأفعال ثم نذهب إلى قطر الندى وبلغ صدق ثم نذهب إلى الفيتر ونضع نضع إن شاء الله لذا لذا مجول نتفهم عن حساب ونفهم عن أصدقائك هذا هو ما نتفهم هذا هو مرحب ولكن من يجب أن يتفهم عن أرابيك ها everybody some of you still don't want to study it who felt that this class increased their want for learning the Arabic language الله أكبر then put it into action إن شاء الله can go and start looking up a place where you can learn it even if you don't get it I saw with my two eyes brothers who were in the UK who went on Skype and what's this sir there's some teachers in Egypt who you just have to send them money there's a little program like that and they will teach you online and some brothers they graduated and they learned it properly like that so whatever is feasible for you that can work for you the point at the end of the day is that you come with what the knowledge of this language brothers look think about it like this the Quran is explained by who a scholar right when you read let's say ابن كثير this is the Quran ابن كثير what did he do he explained the Quran he's given you what he understood from the Quran true or false we all together brothers you're not going to the Quran directly yourself you're going through who so there's already between you and ابن كثير what the person who doesn't know the Arabic language is another person between you what is there this person's understanding of what ابن كثير said but we all together brothers so it got longer for you the problem there am I making sense brothers so you're reading what somebody understood from ابن كثير is كلام which that ابن كثير رحم الله what he understood from the verse am I making sense here brothers so this is something you can eliminate get rid of this one and as time goes on with the knowledge that increases in your heart you should go to the Quran yourself and the sunnah to become from the aim of which the great scholars who can read look at the Quran just like ابن كثير did and others did but the first step is to learn this language one statement my teacher said I never forget it it sticks on my head this speech I have never forgot it he said something to me he said to me 20 years if somebody was seeking knowledge before you 20 عشرين سنة how many years 20 years he was seeking knowledge before you and you started now he said if you study Arabic grandma and you learn it you will catch his 20 years and wallahi I believe that 20 years he's in طلب العلم but he didn't do the Arabic grammar the way you're going to do it now when you start if you go for Arabic grammar straight away and Arabic language straight away and you master it you'll catch his 20 years or by studying what it's the key brothers wallahi it's a key it's very belittled and it's put down like in the Arabic language it's vital very very important very important to give time to learning the Arabic language learning the Arabic poetry the أشعار looking into it are you with me brothers do you guys know شخصالة عالي الشيخ have you heard of شخصالة عالي الشيخ هي ما شخ محمود شاكر you know of have you heard of شخ محمود شاكر yeah شخ محمود شاكر محمود شاكر محمود شاكر they call him أبو العروبة the father of Arabic محمود شاكر was an imam the Arabic language كتاب كده رسالة إلى تقافته بحاوفه بك على كل حال محمود شاكر رحمه الله صالح عالي الشيخ متن صالح عالي الشيخ from who محمود شاكر is Arabic language are you with me brothers so he said what can I do what can one do how can one attain this and everything he said read يسان العرب يسان العرب is a what 20 something volume Arabic dictionary said read it شخصالة بيك بوك you know شخ محمود شاكر then Arabic is not for you look for something else look for another job he said we read this book more than once with our شيخ are you with me brothers Arabic dictionary بالشيخ محمود الأمين الشاكر صالح عالي محمود الأمين الشاكر he memorized the dictionary Arabic dictionary من ضحر القلب are you with me brothers he memorized the dictionary when he would do he would use the Arabic language on a calaba very high are you with me brothers محمود الأمين الشاكر master the language master the language so brothers it's important that we give time to the language it's important that we what it's important that we give time to the Arabic language there's a little risala I have at home it's a little risala it makes you really sad when you look at it the battle against the Arabic language the book is called all it talks about is في ميدان العل it talks about the concept of the Arabic language how the west they pick funds money money money is spent just so the people don't learn the Arabic language and they learn what you see an Arab who can speak Arabic language that's what they want to see so they can put all their ideologies into you are you with me brothers because then you can watch their movies you can watch everything from them and that's it and you're ignorant about what your own book the most important book Allah said you don't even know it but you're keeping up track with everything else and it allows us to greatly strongly hold on to our Deen and make us understand the value of this language سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشد ولا إله إلا الله


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Thank you very much. Thank you, and welcome to the White House. To paraphrase an earlier president, this must be one of the most extraordinary collections of talent and human intelligence that has ever come together in one room in the White House with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone. You know, a favorite story of mine is about one of the first times the White House played host to an event concerning science and technology, and that was back in 1876. A demonstration of a recently invented device was put on here for President Rutherford B. Hayes. That's an amazing invention, he said. But who would ever want to use them? He was talking about the telephone. I thought at the time when I heard him that he might be mistaken. We've come a long way from those times, but I sometimes feel that just like President Hayes, some of the journalists who cover our everyday political affairs here in Washington have a tendency to miss the real news, the transforming discoveries and achievements that you and your colleagues are making every day. I remember just a little over five years ago when all the headlines were of shortages. Every morning it seemed we read some new scare story, telling us that the Earth's resources were about to run out for good, leaving our world poorer and shrinking our hopes for the future. But at the same time, scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs were mining the most abundant resource in the world, the human mind and imagination. Men and women, such as you, with the spirit of discovery, enterprise, and achievement, have been opening up new worlds of possibility and transforming all our lives for the better. Whole industries have sprung up around what were only years ago merely ideas in the minds of scientists and inventors. New grains and agricultural techniques have alleviated hunger, new vaccines have conquered some of mankind's most dreaded diseases, quantum leaps in technology or making possible greater prosperity and personal fulfillment than mankind has ever known. In the computer industry, for instance, miraculous advances in productivity are now almost commonplace. Let me give you an example. Although I'm sure you could provide many more, in one semiconductor plant in Pennsylvania in 1957, each worker produced five transistors a day for $7.50 a piece. Today, each worker produces over a million semiconductors every day, each one costing a fraction of a penny. Some say that about 90% of all scientific knowledge has been generated in the last 30 years alone, and we'll likely double it by the end of the century. Such an explosion of knowledge creates an unprecedented opportunity to expand the global economy, to bring prosperity and hope to those corners of the world that for too long have known only deprivation and want. The United States must take the lead in making this happen. And you who are on the cutting edge of human achievement understand that freedom is not a luxury, but a necessity. Freedom to think, freedom to imagine and create, these are not privileges, but the very source of our life's bread and the hope of mankind's future. How can government aid the cause of human progress? Well, in 1985 alone, we invested over $49 billion in research and development. Now, this is an important role, but it's even more important to knock down the barriers to progress that government itself has created. And that's why we've rolled back needless government regulations, cut tax rates, and we plan to cut them again. I can't help but remember an incident back when I was an adjutant of an air base in World War II and learned of a letter that went bucked all the way up to the top of the military command, asking for permission to destroy some records that were just filling the file cases and that were no longer of any use. And when the memo came bucked back down with permission from the person in the top command, it was permission granted to destroy those records, providing the copies were made of each one. But our tax cuts, I believe, revitalized the entrepreneurial economy, creating over $20 billion in new venture capital, over $25 billion in new public stock offerings, and an explosion of new business creation with over 600,000 new companies forming every year for the last three years in a row. Now, this represents the application of knowledge to human needs on a massive scale. Much of it made possible by the breakthroughs of you and your colleagues. But as we look at the record of scientific achievement, there remains one area crying out for attention. I believe that our nuclear dilemma presents us with some of the major unfinished business of science. We have begun research on a non-nuclear defense against nuclear attack. As I said before, yesterday's impossibilities have become commonplace realities today. Why should we start thinking small now? In protecting mankind from the peril of nuclear destruction, we must be ambitious. We can't lock ourselves into a fatalistic acceptance of a world held in jeopardy. In this area, more especially, we must approach the future with vision and hope that reach for the greatest possibilities. Only if we try can we succeed. You know, people who say it can't be done, they remind me of a story, too. My age, practically, everything reminds me of a story. Back in 1842, the Royal Astronomer in Great Britain studied Charles Babbage's new analytical engine, the forerunner of the modern computer, and pronounced it worthless. His foresight was almost equal to half a century later when the head of the US Patent Office advised President McKinley to abolish the Patent Office because he said, everything that can be invented has already been invented. But if science has taught us anything, it's taught us not to be modest in our aspirations. The fact I have to confess is that fact is my secret agenda for bringing you all here today. I'm going to ask all of you to turn your attention to the budget problem. Well, congratulations.  God bless you all. And now I will step away from the podium and we shall have the awards. Thank you, Mr. President. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, we will first announce the technology awards. First, Bernard M. Gordon of Analogic Corporation. Reynolds B. Johnson, retired from IBM. William C. Norris, chairman emeritus at Controlled Data Corporation. Frank N. Piasecki of Piasecki Aircraft Corporation. Stanley Donald Stuckey, retired from Corning Glassworks. And finally, Francis L. Versniter, retired from United Technologies Corporation. Dr. Matague will now read the science winners. Solomon J. Bookspam, executive vice president of Bell Telephone Laboratories. Stanley Cohen, professor of biochemistry, Vanderbilt University. Horace R. Crane, university professor, University of Michigan. Herman Feshbach, institute professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Harry B. Gray, professor of chemistry, California Institute of Technology. Donald A. Henderson, dean school of hygiene and public health, Johns Hopkins University. Robert Hofstadter, professor of physics, Stanford University. Peter D. Lacks, director of the Courant, Mathematics and Computing Laboratory, New York University. Yuan T. Lee, professor of chemistry, University of California Berkeley. Hans Wolfgang Liepman, professor of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, California Institute of Technology. T.Y. Lin, chairman of the board, T.Y. Lin International and professor emeritus, University of California Berkeley. Vernon B. Mountcastle, director of the Philip Bard Laboratories of Neurophysiology, the Johns Hopkins University. Bernard M. Oliver of Hewlett-Packard and presently program manager, NASA Ames Research Center. George Amel Palada, professor emeritus Yale University. Herbert A. Simon, Richard King Mellon University professor, Carnegie Mellon University. Joan A. Steitz, professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry, Yale University. Frank H. Westheimer, Loeb professor of chemistry, Harvard University. Zhenning Yang, professor of physics and director Institute of Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook. Anthony Zigmund, professor emeritus of mathematics, University of Chicago, accepting the award for professor Zigmund as his student and colleague, professor Isaac Viership. And finally, professor Carl S. Marvel, department of chemistry, University of Arizona. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, that is the end of the program.


So, like I say, we are interesting to find some new S-box or some S-box that can be efficiently implemented in hardware and particularly in a traditional manner. And traditional implementation is really useful to be resistant against such an attack.  In the Blackbox model, we have our adversary that makes some requests to some Blackbox or Rykel and you have to do some computation and you have to make a lot of time before you recover the key. In the such an model, we allow the adversary to observe the device that implements the algorithm.  Then if the adversary monitors this through an oscilloscope, it will attempt some traces and with the help of the traces, now we know since the light 90, that key recovery can be really practical. So to counter such an attack, a command control measure is to use masking. So on the left part, I represent what happened in the unprotected cases. We have our device that implemented the start of, for example, the AS. I have my plain text X that I absorb with my key K and I'll apply the S-box. And since my device use some small bit of the key for the S-box, I can perform some exhaustive search on the value Y and mount an attack. The idea of such an other of masking is to use secret sharing. And then I don't have my secret, but now I will share my secret in several parts. And then if my masking is correctly implemented, I have to guess different value and that is more complex to mount an attack. And in particular, we have a theorem in masking that says the number of traces needed to mount an attack will grow exponentially with the number of shares that we use in the implementation and with the noise as a basis. As we saw yesterday for this theorem to earn, we need to have some enough noise on each shares. Other condition we need is that our randomness is unpredictable and uniform. And finally, we have some physical assumption that says that our device doesn't combine different shares. That is the independence of leakage and it can be defective in software due to transition or in hardware due to glitches. And to have masking in hardware, a command control measure is to use threshold implementation. So in the threshold implementation, I have my function F and I will also use some shared function. And so what I want for threshold implementation is the correctness. Only if I use the shared function on the shared input, I should obtain the same result when I open my shared output as if I apply the function on the input. The second condition is the non-completeness and that is for resistance against first order attack and that says that each sub-secret should be independent of at least one share. If it is independent of one share, it is independent of the secret as I need all the shares to recover the secret. And then whatever happens in this function, it will be independent of the secret. And finally, we need a third condition that is called uniformity. And what that means is that the shared output should have the same distribution if I calculate from Z1, Z2, Z3 through F or if I just share Y. And this can be difficult to achieve when we want to have threshold implementation. So sometimes we just add some randomness to obtain a uniform sharing. Due to the non-completeness, we can see that if my function F is of degree T, I will need to have T plus 1 shares. We can see we will have to compute some monomial of degree T and due to the non-completeness, I will have to have at least T plus 1 shares. So the idea to reduce the number of shares needed is to use the composition of the function and I represent my function F as a composition of two functions. And now I can just share the first function and the second function. I have the non-completeness, I have the uniformity so I can reuse the output directly but I have to stop the glitches so I have to put some register in between. So that leads us to different techniques to implement the function and basically I will present, I will talk about two different techniques. The first one is some raw implementation where this register are for the input of the different S-box and then I have the function, the shared function and I have my register to stop the glitches and each clock cycle I will move off one. And then in the number n to the number of functions, I will compute all my S-boxes. That is nice and we can always do that but we can also have the second type of implementation if the function we use to perform the composition is the same. And then I will just have to implement once my function F and use some multiplexer to say if it's not the number of the composition of my function, I keep the same input and at some point I will input the second input. So this can lead to really small implementation but we will need more clock cycle to perform our S-box. So what I've been doing here for S-box in threshold implementation, there is a nice paper at chess 2012 that look at our threshold implementation for free and for bit permutation. And a particular result of this paper is that among the different affin cases of S-box, 35 can be easily shared in a threshold manner and what I mean that efficient in threshold is that we just have to use free shares, no extra randomness and we have at most two stages. So composition of two functions. Another approach to look at threshold implementation for S-box is to take S-box that have good cryptographic property and try to find some nice threshold implementation. So a lot of effort have been done for the AES as it is a standard and there are different trade-off between the space of the S-box, the number of randomness needed, the number of shares, et cetera. And there is also some more friendly S-box as used in Fedes or K-Chack that use smaller number of bits. And finally the question we have when we saw this result is can we have some 8-bit S-box which good cryptographic property may be not as good as the AES one but still decent and can they have some really efficient threshold implementation? So our idea is to say we have our result for all 4-bit S-box, can we use this to have threshold implementation of 8-bit S-box and actually in the literature a lot of Cypher use smaller S-boxes to build larger S-boxes. That is the case of Clefia, Krypton, Fantomas, Iceberg, et cetera. And among all these Cypher just one of them can be implemented in an iterative manner. So that is nice. We have some nice threshold implementation but can we obtain some better results, some better S-box which similar cryptographic property as this S-box but that can be take advantage of iterative implementation. So we launch some search and we first look at function by Z on the substitution permutation network and in that case I will use some S-box F1, F2 on 4-bit then apply some affine transformation and I can add some constant as the key addition. So this is the structure used for Iceberg, Hazard and Wirepool and if I want to enumerate all S-boxes of this form I have 16 factorial choice for F1, 16 factorial choice for F2 and that is too much. So to reduce the cost of the search we say anyway we want to have some efficient implementation iteration so we just have to look at the 35 cases that are particularly efficient to mask. And then we look at different case for affine transformation and also for the constant and then we have a set of 2 to the power of 32 S-boxes. So we run our search, I will show the result after but first let's look at the second construction that is Fester network. So Fester network we just have one function and each input our 4-bit and this is a structure used for Robin and Scream in particular and there is some mathematical proof on the bond of cryptographic result we can obtain up to 3 rounds. So we know what we can have but if we do more rounds maybe we can have better results. To remark about the Fester networks the first one is that whatever the function is even if it's not a permutation due to the Fester structure I will obtain a permutation. And the second remark is that as I absorb the right input to the output of my function F1 if I can compute F1 in the threshold manner in one cycle I will obtain automatically a uniform sharing on the 8 bits and that gives us uniformity for free and now the number of choice is all the function from 4-bit to 4-bit and this is 2 to the 64. So we try to reduce this search space and what we found is that we have function can be defined in F in cases that basically F1 is F into F is in the same cases of F if there is this A and B to F in permutation and serial linear mapping such as F1 it's equal at the composition of B by F by A plus Z. So this is nice but it don't reduce the search space what we can look at it's at one function of the from A minus 1 F A and if I write my one function like that I can also rewrite it as applying A minus 1 to both input then do a Fester run with just only F and then apply A to the both output and if I compose this function my A minus way A minus 1 and A will cancel out and then what I obtain it's A minus 1 Fester of F and A and that is a finic equivalent and in particular of the same cryptographic property of Fester of F. So we don't have to look at all function of this form we can just look at function of from F composed by A and we can add the linear mapping C and then we reduce the cost due to the power of 46 and to do our search we use graphic process unit. So what are the cryptographic property we want for our S-box first we want a B-jection but for SPN we look at permutation components so we will have a permutation in any case and for the Fester network we have this due to the behavior of Fester network then we want our expect to have to be nonlinear or as most nonlinear as possible so that means we don't want to have a linear approximation of the function. We look at differential uniformity that means if I put a differential input on my S-box it should be difficult to predict the differential I should observe on the output and we also look at algebraic degree. So let's go to the result I represent in the table in our paper we have a larger table which more S-boxes and more criteria if you are interested in this I hardly encourage you to look at it but just to show some more nice results so the first column is for the different S-box that we look at then we have the different cryptographic property and in that case the IAS S-box is the best S-box we know up to today and we don't find any S-box that is better than the IAS not surprisingly and that we found some that are similar value as S-box that are used in the literature. And then we have the two-shot figures that basically is the area and if we can use iterative implementation or re-implementation and basically due to as we use the same function our new S-box can be done in an iterative manner and what we can see is that we have some really small implementation when we look at iterative implementation. We have also the number of stage that is basically the number of clock cycle we need to perform one S-box and that is also the number of register we need to have and there is a number of masks that have been used to obtain uniformity and that is only for the IAS we need to have this so there is some nice S-box that are less good as the IAS S-box but that can be implemented efficiently in three-shot and finally we have the type of the function. So what we can see from this table is that we have interesting trade-off for good cryptographic S-box and in particular we can see that the S-box we found if we compare to what we can find in the literature have smaller trade-off implementation even if we did that or our security requirement and finally due to our exhaustive search and FESTA network we have this side result that say there exists no head bit FESTA network with the identity with the same function and if we iterate up to five run we can have something better than as before so that is the same as wire port that is some more interesting for some people and then so what we can what is a take-off message of this paper what we should read it is because we have a large set of S-box that we present that can be really easily implemented in three-shot manner. Our S-box are also really efficient when we want to implement in an unprotected manner in hardware and maybe some other interesting result is that the function ASB2 that have the same cryptographic property as Swabin and Scream have also the same number of AND gate and that is of particular interest when we look at software bit slice implementation so we can have this S-box that can be both efficiently implemented in three-shot manner but also for software masking and that is nice I think so that concludes my talk and if you have any question please ask.


Older adults love the mayor. I want everyone to know that he's been visiting older adults across the city and every older adult club and it has been a blast for them and I believe for him to. Good afternoon. My name is Lorenco Tevasques. I'm the commissioner for the New York City Department for the Aging. And I'm pleased to have individuals here who've made this day possible, none other than our mayor, Eric Adams, our first deputy commissioner and our deputy commissioner, Mark Stewart, who also was instrumental in making this happen, as well as two of the providers in New York. But first I want to get to the importance of this. Who really made this possible? On this same day last year, Mayor Eric Adams, deputy commissioner, Stewart, we sat in the front of City Hall and held a major event, again, announcing World Elder Abuse Day. And on that day, the mayor, we were able to announce that our older adult elder abuse services were increased, doubled what we had before. That is because of Mayor Adams. He continues to be a strong advocate, as you all know for public safety, but more importantly, for older adult public safety, and we're really proud of that. Yes. That wasn't enough for this mayor. Few months later, when he saw all of the action going on, he created the first in the nation, the Cabinet for Older Adults, where he pulled together 20 agencies, 20 agencies and said, I'm looking to you to make sure that New York City is the most age-inclusive city in the world, definitely starting with New York. I am looking to you to make sure that we have no barriers, there is no wrong door, because we're going to get stuff done for older adults in New York. That was Mayor Adams. And as a result of that Cabinet, New York City Aging and the NYPD forged a strong relationship, which is what brings us today. And with that, I'm going to introduce you one of our greatest champions for older New Yorkers, Mayor Eric Adams. We have an amazing commissioner, an amazing team, and I remember my days as a state senator. I was one of the committee members for the aging committee, and I used to get all my ideas from one of the top leaders who was my mother. She would give me all of my ideas on what we needed to do, how we did the adult centers, how do we treat older adults, she would just write stuff down and I would take it up to Albany and push it forward. But I was extremely encouraged when the commissioner sat down and talked about putting together just a committee of people to hear directly from our older adults. And what I learned, and I'm sure Deputy Commissioner Stewart, a former detective in not only the police department, but also in the district attorney's office, he would tell us how often older adults were abused. Over adults had to go through neglect. Older adults were the victims of financial crises. We had a partnership in Brooklyn Borough Hall where we communicated with the banks to look at indicators when older adults was going through some type of financial fraud. We are clear in this administration, with the leadership of our commissioner, that it is about how do you allow people to enjoy the city and country that they built. It is wrong to spend your life in many professions of different capacity, and then when it's time for you to enjoy it, you have to deal with a level of uncertainty. And that is not what we're going to do in this administration, and we're going to be forward thinking in the process. Having a representative in each precinct that is going to specifically deal with the issues of older adults around neglect, abuse of financial crises is crucial. This brings it to the on the ground level. There's a level of confidentiality that will be there, so you won't have to deal with repercussions or reprisals. But you're going to have some of the best men and women who are going to investigate those things that are impacting you. And if we all acknowledge it, no matter who we are, we all are getting older. I got my AARP card many years ago, and I want to make sure the systems I built now will be there to protect me as I continue to move up in years. So we cannot thank you enough. I thank the entire team that have joined us. Councilman Marte has talked about this over and over again. And the beauty of this community lies in its diversity of this community. This community is extremely diverse, and your cross-pollination of ideas, of commitment, of dedication is what's going to produce the product that we know we can produce in the city of New York. And the numbers are startling. When you look at the fact that one out of 10 New Yorkers over the age of 60 go through a level of abuse, neglect, or financial irregularities, and the use in this day as the rural abuse awareness day of older adults is to wait for us to pause for a moment, gear up for the future. We spend this day to reflect what are the goals we want to accomplish in the future. So Commissioner, your cabinet for older adults fulfilled their obligation, lived through it. I was so pleased when you said you was going to stay with the administration and you continue to do some great things for the administration. So thank all of you for coming in today as we acknowledge the importance of this initiative. Thank you so much. Since we started this program, we have had about 300 referrals a day with the partnership with NYPD. And more importantly, as the mayor said, these liaisons, one in each present, will be able to be not only your voice, but also will be our teachers. One of the things that we are doing with the 12 organizations that we currently fund under this administration to address older adults' abuse in the community is that they will be training us on what are the latest crimes so that we can then adapt our services and prepare ourselves to be able to address that. And so with that, again, I want to thank you, First Deputy Commissioner, and I also want to thank you, Deputy Commissioner Mark Stewart. It wouldn't have been possible without you. I am going to now introduce Mark Stewart to give us a few words on this initiative. Deputy Mayor, how about you? All right. Good afternoon. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for being here. It should go without saying that respecting older adults is a matter of basic human dignity. It goes to the core of bigger New Yorker. And yet, every year, many of our communities from the age of 60 and older experience abuse and neglect. But on this, World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, the women and men of the NYPD are joining with our partners in government and the many community-based organizations who provide programs and services for older adults to raise awareness about the important issue and to help stop elder abuse in our city. We want every New Yorker to know that if they need help, if their parents, their neighbors, or anyone in their community is struggling, the NYPD and New York City is there for them and has devoted resources and programs to assist. Every NYPD priest across the five boroughs and every police service area covering Niger developments has liaison, designated to help and connect older victims with the many services that are available. Every complaint report involving older adults is carefully reviewed, after which we reach out and we offer assistance. Our liaison officers are also spending time in the community providing safety tips and keeping the public informed about our ongoing efforts to look after our older adults. So in partnership with the Elder Justice Network, which has been receiving hundreds of referrals from our offices, we are also connecting people to the essential and life-changing support that they need. As the population of older adult continues to grow, it is more than ever very important that we reaffirm our commitment to their care so they may age with the dignity, security and appreciation that every New Yorker deserves. In addition to these efforts, I encourage our greatest force multipliers, our 8.8 million New Yorkers to join us in this critical work. To be mindful of our neighbors or anyone who might be subjected to elder abuse, neglect or even exploitation, the NYPD has been and remains focused on this work, is a vital part of our public safety mission. We will never allow those who are subject to abuse to suffer in silence and remain steadfast in our commitment to eliminate these types of crimes altogether. Thank you very much. Thank you, First Deputy Commissioner, Eric Cavanaugh. We're not tall, forgot to say that earlier. And we have also, I forgot to say earlier. Thank you. Now I want to introduce the people who make this possible on the ground. New York City Aging does an incredible work and there is nothing that I can do without an amazing team at New York City Aging. And part of that team are our community partners, our non-profits who do this every day, who are in the community, who know the older population, who forge relationships and make every day possible that older adults can live with dignity and pride and live in the communities that they help build. And with that, I bring you Catherine Martinez, who is the Executive Director of Neighborhood Shop from the Boogie Down Bronx. Thank you, thank you, Commissioner. And thank you, Mayor, for allowing me to be here. Hola, como están todos. My name is Catherine Martinez. I'm the President and CEO of Neighborhood Shop in the Bronx and we have been supporting older adults in this initiative in terms of producing and informing and educating communities in regards to ending elder abuse. So on this World Elder Abuse Day, I want to challenge each and every one of you. I mean, they've said it, they've talked about, they talked about how important it is to ensure that we have this conversation. I think the biggest thing is to ensure that the information is spread and to know that each and every one of you are just as committed as we are. So educating yourselves on the topic of elder abuse and understanding what programs are out there because it takes a village, right? And we are that village. We are a community, whether it's your neighbor, whether it's your friend. If you see something, say something, right? It's so important. I'm gonna say this in Spanish. I'm gonna try at least. Pero es muy importante que nosotros, como vecinos, como la comunidad, familia, de saber que hay servicio para todos ustedes en términos de combatir el elder abuse. Es importante que usted sepa que tenemos servicio para todos ustedes y para su vecino y su familia. Gracias. Gracias, Catherine. Catherine is also part of the city's Department for the Aging, New York City Aging's Advisory Council. She is a very vocal and active member. I love it and then some days I'm not so sure I do.  She's the president of the New York City Advisory Council for older adults and she is also the president of Hamilton Madison House which has intergenerational programs, has served this community. She was telling me since 1953 and she was just telling us that in this square block there are over a thousand older adults and that's why this is considered a naturally occurring retirement community.  Thank you. Wow, thank you. I guess I'm gonna say my board of directors here so thank you, that's my performance evaluation. So welcome, thank you so much. Welcome to Hamilton Madison House at the Alpha East Smith Houses and to Jim's Gym. One of our board members helped us redo the whole gym here for our community. So welcome, mayor. I'm very pleased to have you here. We're very excited to have a mayor to come. Thank you, Commissioner. Courtese Vazquez for always supporting our communities, particularly our aging communities. I think without their help and support our communities would not be where we are having healthy and livable apartments for our communities is very important. I have a script, but I'm gonna go off script. Sorry, it's just that I think you've heard a lot from our guests and thank you again for our first deputy commissioners and deputy commissioner, how do you say that? Okay, thank you deputy commissioners. Sorry about that, but thank you very much. No, I think it takes a village but it takes really a lot of commitment from a lot of people, volunteers. I do wanna do a shout out for all of our staff here who really work very hard. Can we just give applause and have them raise their hands? All of you volunteers. But this work is so important because we wanna make sure that people are safe in our communities. It is very important because I've been doing this for the last 27 years and this is just the thing that we need is these partnerships that go through every interagency and that everyone's on the same page. I wanna say thank you very much. This work is very important and welcome to Hamilton Madison House and I'm gonna leave it to the other guests to say other things. Thank you very much. And we're gonna answer yours too. Thank you, thank you very much. Thank you. Y'all I wanna give out, we got one more thing, DJ is coming with. Just sit tight, yep, yep, yep. We have, we have one of the things that the Department of Aging is doing is that what we learned when there's an emergency situation at your home that oftentimes when the first responders come they have to follow, find some of the basic items that you have as in your identification, your medicine, your name, your emergency contact. So we created a card that you hang on your fridge that if emergency responder comes it's automatically there and it's ready for you to display. And so we want to make sure we give you one now that you could have in your home so there's ever a time you need EMS police to come you don't have to search around for that information. You know, we have any? Okay. And so we wanna make sure we, you, who's having a baby? So we wanna make sure we give you one now so that you can see and fill it out and share it with your loved ones and family members. Okay. So this, this, thank you, DJ. So this fits, it's a magnetic back. It goes right on your fridge and it tells it ask you your full name, your emergency contact number, your primary care doctor, your chronic, any chronic conditions, allergies and medication. So this way the EMS or the police that come they know to look at your fridge and it will be right there for immediate notification, okay? Sal gives, thank you so much. You needed something? Volunteer here. My name is Agnes Sly and I'm a volunteer here at Hamilton Madison House. I started here October 3rd, 2022. It is an honor to meet you. Forgive me. That's okay. But I am a senior, I am a senior myself. I'm 58 years old and I must tell you it has been an honor for me to be here with this wonderful group of seniors here. They have actually, please be quiet, please. And they have actually taught me so, so much. They taught me how to really accept my failures, how to accept help, how to give help and how to accept other cultures because to be honest, I didn't know how I was gonna work out with the Asian community. But you know what? I'm here and I must say they have taught me how to really love other people. And you know what? Thank you, Hamilton Madison House. And honor. You're welcome to be my guest. I would like to present this stuff animal. This is actually not for you. Okay, what? This is for your mom. Okay, I have a mom transition. Oh, I'm sorry, but you know what? No, but you know what? I'm going to name it Dorothy after my mom. Okay, this will be an honor of her name. Oh man, that's really nice. And we really appreciate you being here. And I'll tell you, I'll talk to you about something else. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Thank you very much. Oh, I'm sorry, but I'm a hugger. Oh, come here. Thank you, Mayor Adams. Thank you, Agnes. Thank you, Mayor. Our event has come to an end.


At CES, we're hosting a dinner for Westworld, sponsored by the company Insight, which will be featured in season three. We've basically orchestrated a dinner where data is the main ingredient. Essentially, Insight is a company that promises to use your data and empower you to make decisions that you otherwise might not feel empowered to make. So we're having different people come in and we've optimized table experiences and this whole show around somebody's individual profile and the data that we've been able to scrub about their life, about their interactions and then kind of triangulating those together to form an interaction that's kind of choreographed at a table for them. And given that CES is a breeding ground and hotbed for conversation around the future of data privacy, we have executives from all the major tech companies coming to talk about growing concerns. We thought this was a really great way to bring that conversation to the thought leaders that are here at CES. I think there's a natural notion when you're looking at it, like we just scrubbed your social media data and that was how we kind of built that. That's part of it, but the team went much further than that. And so I think what people sort of start to realize is that there's that set of data, but then there's the rings that sit around that, the friends that you're connected to and looking at that data, pulling into wedding profiles that often people leave up, pulling into school newspapers, so that the team went much further down into layers of constructing a profile for each individual. So something that guests may or may not have picked up on was that actually each person here had an individual script in play written about them. So the intimacy of that and then within that, there was also a connecting thread at each table and then there was a connecting thread within the entire restaurant. So there's a lot of layers of interaction that we're going on that had those little subtle things that kind of creep people out or a lot of people we saw at tables were this natural conversation because we had intended it that way. Westworld is a show that examines closely the technology today and the implications it could have potentially in the future. In this case, talking about data and data privacy, using insight was a way that we could we could insert ourselves into what's happening right now at CES.


They say that most people are forgotten after they die, after probably two generations. So basically after you die, unless you did something spectacular that the world knows of, in 40 or 50 years you're just going to be forgotten. And I wonder how much that's going to change. So for example, just looking back at my lineage. My father who's 65 now I think, maybe 66. His father died at the age of 25, I believe, 24. He was very young. My father was only five years old when his father passed away. I know very little about my grandfather. My mother's side, her parents, my mother, her brother and sister are about 20 years old and her parents were elderly, even when she was younger. They died before I was born as well. My grandmother on my father's side just had her 90th birthday. She's still kicking. I know her very well. But those other grandparents, I know that my mom's father's name was John. I don't know what her mother's name was. I know that he was a cop. That's about all I know about them. My dad's dad, I'm pretty sure his name was Vincent. I've seen, I have one picture of him and my dad when my dad was like, I don't know, two years old. That's the only picture I have.  My grandfather was probably in that, but they're very few films. The camera's moving around a lot. I've watched it with one or two of them with my dad where he's like, oh, that's so and so, that's so and so. But I don't know any of these people. I don't remember any of these people. How much is that going to change now? For example, right now I'm recording this video, you're all watching it. It's up online. Will it be up online in 50 years or 100 years? Who knows? Who knows? But there is so much video of me in the last couple of years. And that's true of everybody, not just people who do YouTube videos. We all have cell phones. We all take pictures and videos all the time. Growing up, my dad was big into taking pictures and videos. So I have a good amount, or my dad has a good amount of pictures and videos of me as a child. I have a good amount, but I need to get the rest from him. But they're all on these tapes that he's converted some over. But even someone like my dad, who was filming a lot growing up, they're so limited about. But my kids, there's not a day goes by that there's not a picture taken of them. In fact, their kids are hard to get hold of still. So when my wife takes pictures of them, usually she takes three to five pictures of everything she takes pictures of. And they're taking pictures and videos all day long. And what's making me think about this right now, although I've thought about this before, is come to the end of the year, I do regular automatic backups. So my phone and my computer is automatically back up to different servers. My phone backs up to my desktop computer and one of my servers. And then my desktop computer gets backed up to another server in the house and to some storage online. I do yearly backups of all that information, so I take all my pictures and videos and I put them on a drive and I put them in the fireproof safe. So everything is on my desktop, two different servers, as far as photos and videos. My desktop, two different local servers, multiple cloud servers and they're backed up to in my safe, my fireproof safe. And when the hard drives on my servers get full, for example, there was, I had a terabyte drive on one of them and I ended up, I don't even think I really filled that up. I kind of doubled everything up because I just, storage is so cheap now, I just pile on everything on there. And then I backed all that up to the new four terabyte drive I have and put that one in the safe. So, I mean all this video, just so, so much data and the thing is, I know so little about my grandparents, but my grandkids, if they're interested, there's going to be so much video of me. They're not just going to know if they want, they're not just going to know who I am. They're going to know a lot about me. There's only so much I can get from a picture and my dad talking about my dad, which, again, my dad was only five when his father passed away, so there's, how much does he have memory of him? It's a sad thing. Are we going to be forgotten like we are? It's like, it's just so weird to think, I don't know anything about any great-grandparents of mine. I can tell you the names, what they did, what they looked like. I don't know anything and I can ask and learn a little bit, but am I really going to know that person? Now, if you're one of my grandkids or great-grandkids and you're watching this, I love you guys. And you may not be able to sit here and talk to me, but you probably couldn't know so much about me just from watching these videos. You know what I sound like, although I'm still getting over laryngeitis here. You know my mannerisms, things I like, I talk about how I act. You know so much about me and am I going to be forgotten? But then again, there's so much information. Maybe I'll go a couple of generations, but then you go 10 generations down the line. There's just so much history, but all this stuff is going to be available. I mean, the odds of all these videos and pictures of me getting lost, they're up online, they're store multiple places. My kids have copies. When my kids get older, they're going to get copies of all these drives of my ideas. If I pass away, they're going to have access to it. It's just, it's there. People don't know. It would be awesome if I could go back and look at my grandparents, my great-grandparents, my great-great-grandparents, you know, and know so much about them. Again, it's kind of a bounce because a thousand years from now, these videos of me still probably exist, I would think. I mean, unless there's some world catastrophe, but if they are around, there's a lot of information around. There's a lot of things around. It's just a matter of sorting through it all, but all they would really need to know, especially for me. I mean, if your name's John Smith, you know, might be hard for kids, your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great great grandkids to find information out. There's a lot of John Smith's, but how many Chris Akapintes, Christopher Akapintes, spelt with a K and an F are there out there. It's going to be so easy for my kids to find me online and find information about me. And hopefully these files I'm saving are passing out at least a couple generations. I mean, photo albums get passed out, but even photo albums ... I mean how do go back you go back 50 years there's some photos you go back a hundred years do you think there's any photos of my relatives I mean how often people have photos taken of them a hundred years ago there were cameras but not everybody had them it's kind of a luxury to have and even then you know you only took so many photos it's just a weird concept to think about the stuff we're recording now and how different lineage is knowing your your your past then it has been up to this point I mean in the past it's like maybe you're lucky maybe your ancestors kept family trees and maybe they kept diaries and journals and you can read their thoughts but it's not the same video like this clear photos and videos and knowing me and who I am and how I am you can decide whether you hate me or love me a hundred years later a thousand years later again who knows it's gonna be a thousand years later but there's a good chance this this information is still gonna be around you know ignoring some sort of catastrophe that just wipes all information out of the majority of information out there's so much information in storage is so cheap now and yeah I don't expect my great great great great great grandkids to be watching videos of me regularly but at some point in life they might be curious about their their their you know history and where their family came from and and if they wanted to they could find these videos and they could talk to me but there's so many of them out here they're gonna watch and are they gonna be good ones I don't know it's just such a weird thought about how different memories of you are going to be after you pass away now then your ancestors anyway what do you think about this comment below have a great day