In Etopia, I'm currently in Addis Ababa. This city never stops to amaze me. I mean, I've been to Addis Ababa more time. I think I've been in Addis Ababa more than any cities in Africa. And anytime that I come in here, this is something new. You know, like, I feel like the development of this country is growing so fast. Because the last time I came here, I was used to all of this, man. Why do you carry big bags, man? Are you a female, bro?  And look at him. You always carry a backpack. Look at this guy. I see he's going to China for business. I'm in business. You have the keys? Yeah. Why are you putting the key? That's the place. That's the place, huh? I thought it has to be here. Cheese. Damn. Oh my goodness. Whoa. Cheese. Cheese. What do you want to do? Is that your picture behind you? Yeah. It doesn't look like you, bro. This guy looks way fresher. The living room? What? Place to Addis. You got him saying place to Addis. Oh, there's a TV even right here. Whoa. Oh my God. My goodness. See? See Village Man. See Village Man, man. Whoa. See, first of all, I just want to say thank you so much YouTube. I've not even been to my room, but... No, okay. Welcome to my room now. Welcome to your room? I give you a tour. Hey. Hey. Okay. Oh my God. This is so beautiful. You got a balcony. Jeez. Open that. It's an opening. There's a balcony. Whoa. You got two chairs right here. This is the city. It's popping up right, man. Hey, what's up? It looks so beautiful. Oh my God. Ha. You're going to find your room. What? Jeez. You shouted, bro. Ha. Can I open the tap? I'm so sorry. Please. I might sound like a village boy today, but what I'm seeing in here, it's just so beautiful, man. Whoa. And... This is just room one. Room one? Yeah. This is where you guys are going to speak. What is that? Another washroom for visitors. Who? Are you going to receive a visitor at home? Yes, now. Yes, now. We've got a dining room. So, if you have a dining room, we definitely need to have a kitchen. Is this another one? Another balcony. Another balcony? Another balcony. Whoa. Look at this. Another balcony. Where do we go? Look at that. You can see at this Subabra International Airport.  Wow. It's got a view, man. You can see the entire city. Not the entire city, but the airport view. This hotel should be called Airport View Hotel. Not the only one. I didn't lose the view of the airport. There's a changing name to Airport View Hotel. Whoa. Let me see. What else do we have? We should have two rooms now. This is the art. The second door. Because all you have to do is sneak in someone. What are you speaking? That's what he does. What are you speaking? That's what he does. Who do you want to sneak in? Okay. And we have everything here. No, you don't drink tea. So, can you stop showing it? You don't drink tea. We only drink coffee. He wants coffee. He's not going to take coffee. Come here. Come and see your room. Who's room? Who's room? Ah, okay. Finally, I found your room, man. Here it is. I finally found your room. There's balcony, another one. Another balcony? Another balcony. Oh, wow. What do you want to say? I just want to say thank you to Ethiopian Airlines for making me get this experience. This is the first time. First time presidential. Presidential suits. Presidential suits. It's your first time. First time. Maybe I will be a president. Yeah. I mean, this looks so beautiful. You see, sometimes I want to tell you guys something. Yeah. You don't have to know somebody before you do something for them. Personally, I've been, I promoted this place, I think two years ago, and I never expected that a day would come. They will actually give me a presidential suit to sleep in for free without paying a dollar. I cannot come to Ethiopia without talking about Ethiopian Airlines. Look at what I am at this very moment. I'm standing right beside Ethiopian Skylight Hotel. This is a new hotel that they just integrated on 28th January. I am Maya. So this is what I'm going to do today. I'm just going to tell you facts about Ethiopian Airlines. All you need to do is to stay tuned and enjoy this amazing episode.  This is, this is really beautiful, man. Wow. All I wanted to spend a night here, man. That's it. I'm okay for today. So I just want to say, believe in your dreams. Keep doing what you do. And don't stop. Just don't stop. All right. A big shout out to Ethiopian Airlines for making this possible. And I know and believe that there is more things ahead than what the Maya brand and the Ethiopian Airlines brand is going to do together. I hope you guys enjoyed this amazing episode. Don't forget to like the video, subscribe, and be part of the million family. Please share the videos. Don't be stingy. We should be able to reach a million by now. And I also want to tell you something. If you watch the video, make sure you, if you subscribe to the channel, make sure you turn on the post notification button so that whenever we post a video, you will get a notification because YouTube is changing. You know, YouTube is changing. You need to get notification anytime we upload. I don't know what to say. I'm a bit emotional right now, but thank you for loving me. Thank you for being part of this journey because I think your subscription, your viewership brought me this far. And I don't take each and every one of you for granted. Thank you. I love you all. And I'm going to see you tomorrow. I help Maya. Peace out. This is the exact location that I stood to record the video, man. Time really changes, man. To the extent that this time, if I'm filming a video for Skylight Hotel, I'm actually going to get someone from Skylight Hotel to talk to, which means that wherever you're doing, do it well, because there is a reward in future. I forgot to say that I didn't do the video alone. I did it with Mistruity. And that was my first time meeting Mistruity. Thank you. My name is Wodemaya, the one and only annoying village boy from Ghana. Do you know that I was one of the first people who promoted Skylight Hotel? 2019. In 2019? Before it opened. When I came, it was not open. I am sure. You are sure about that? I would have seen it. Yes. Now it's fully opened. Yes. See, my first question is, where will you inspire this? Because, you know, those days when we come to Adiz, we have to go to another hotel in the city. Yes. But now, we have this beautiful hotel right here. Yes. How did you like your hotels? I mean, how did you like it before? They were not as per the standard. Before it was okay, but this one is on another level. Yes. That's what we want to provide to our passengers, basically. That inspired this hotel. I thought maybe the people that are coming into Adiz were too much. Yes, too much as well, because the hotel industry is at a growth stage still. And, you know, you would be surprised to know the total number of rooms at this Ababa has against the requirement. So, you know, Ethiopian Alliance Group grows very fast and the hotel industry should be able to keep up with the entire industry. So, that's why this hotel is open. This is phase one, by the way. This is only phase one. Yes. So, where is the phase two then? Phase two is right here. Six hundred. Six hundred and sixty. Yeah, six hundred and sixty rooms. Phase two is what? Six hundred and sixty rooms. And then phase one is how many rooms? Three hundred and seventy-three rooms. Would it be the biggest hotel in Africa? Yes. After completion? Yes, it will be. This is amazing. There are so many things that I really want to know. So, this hotel right here is for Ethiopian Allies. Ethiopian Alliance Group owns it. Yes. But it's open for the public. It has five different outlets here. One of them, you should see it as the Ethiopian cultural restaurant. It showcases the Ethiopian culture in terms of cuisine and dances and the cultural shows every night. Okay. Six days a week. You should be there. And there is the ADD restaurant. It's named after the airport. Okay. Yes. And there is the Sky Lounge. I took you up there. Uh-huh. There is the Lobby Lounge right here. And there is the Asian Bear Restaurant, which would open very soon. What makes the Skylight Hotel unique from all the hotels that we've been seeing? I think it is a full five-star facility and the service and the facilities there of the art. There is a swimming pool and the spa and the gym. You should see it if you have time. Definitely. Yeah. You would find it very unique. I would definitely check it out. This hotel is really a huge investment. Yes. And I really want to know who owns it. Ethiopian Airlines Group owns it. Fully 100%. 100% Yes. Which is Ethiopian Airlines. It's really rich, you know that. No. Ethiopian Airlines Group always works to provide the best possible service to its customers. Take it like that. Why should somebody stay at Skylight? Because it's the best.


This is a major transitionary moment. How have you seen that evolution of civilization up until this point of synthetic biology? Well, that's obviously a big question. But I think one of the things that critics often point out is we make mistakes. And there's no doubt about it. We are a species of engineers. That is both our past and our future. This almost certainly has to do with our unique ability to really think deeply about the past and the future and to engineer as a consequence. We do make mistakes, but we're probably the only species that is capable of protecting any or all of the species from catastrophic events like asteroids, the sun expansion, et cetera. So we have that responsibility to ourselves and many other species, and maybe to the whole universe. There is still yet an open question as to whether we're the only intelligence in the entire universe. It's arrogant to think of it either way that we're the only one or that we're one of billion. It's just arrogant to think we know the answer to that.


Everybody forced here up in 21 22 NT basketball hobby. You've got full case number 46 here four bucks full case Thanks everyone for joining a good luck That was losing that's pretty rare. It runs got big game tomorrow afternoon. I'm ready for that one Well, let's see what we got guys Waiting all night for this one NT basketball 21 22. Alrighty y'all here we go. Here we go Got Steph Curry 71 of 75 for the Warriors is parallel to start us off there. We got Kings printing plate deer and Fox from Lawless Nuggets materials three-color patch Aaron Gordon one of 25 Karen Gordon is game you game war in there nice patch really good patch actually Game Gear Jersey card T Wolves Carl Anthony Towns 45 at a 99 Game Gear autographs Mono Ginobili Numbered 71 of 99 nice Jersey out of Mono as Game worn as well. All right. That's a legend right there and a basketball legend altogether Yeah, dude, he's got hair there That's like 2005 Mono Ginobili or something like that redemption here clutch factor signatures prime Jonathan Kamingo Warriors That is a big redemption Somao see with the Warriors Prime is gonna be a really awesome patch It's 25 or less, maybe the track list will have it for sure big hit Warriors It is a Jersey auto rookie. It's not a true RPA. Of course. I would say RPA.  Okay Rockets on the board now Jalen Green Celtics retro materials Larry bird 9 at 25. That is awesome. Do that is a game-worn Larry bird patch card to color Definitive ink. Wow. This is live. I didn't think this would be live.  That's filth. That's big right there, man He's gonna be very good for a long time. It seems No slowing down for that guy That's going in a mag We've got a Throwback, I believe three of 10 RPA JT Thor Yeah throwback here Forget what year this is Yeah, three of 10 JT Thor for the Hornets throwback RPA. All right Shane. All right. It was an impeccable break dude There's 15 total autos You have the Cardinals also so jumbo Jersey Wizards rookie Corey Kisper 30 of 99 Yeah, Chris as long as it's not like a super jumbo or something like that Jersey card Rockets rookie Alperin shengoon to 99 Dude I was talking about a One-of-one of like a big vet. I was talking about it. You heard me.  It's not big enough, but this is actually sick. This is so sick Bulls one-of-one signatures Tony Cuckoach That is so cool. They're Croatian sensation Going to bury one-of-one Tony Cuckoach Makes me pretty solid so far. I'll say Pretty solid so far. We still need a big RPA though Tony Cuckoach on card one of one So sick and Jersey auto for the T Wolves J crossover 71 of 99 Jamal Crawford I Figured out something like that Shane I was like Shane's behind the Cardinals in an impeccable like what is this about? What's just something good in the personal later though? Oh, that's cool Asher It's cool that he's still like around as basketball. That's he's a Hall of Famer, right? I feel like he should be just because of like coming from Europe and like, you know At a bad time and just I don't know being very good at his entire career Went in some rings Basketball Hall of Fame is weird though. It's just like the basketball Hall of Fame Dude Jim or Fredette will make the basketball Hall of Fame Because that'll include like anything Like John Wooden just the basketball Hall of Fame.  Oh, come on Shane McBride McBride solid Sadiq Bay 30 of 75 pistons. Come on now I did pull the Kyler gold bar. So that was off the table. Fortunately printing plates for the Spurs Keldon Johnson from NT last year 20 minutes from where? Jersey Card Lakers James Worthy 63 of 99 It's a game-worn worthy patch card Bulls Jimmy Butler 3 of 25.  Oh the Hall of Fame. Yeah, you got to go. You got to go If I live near any Hall of Fame, I'm probably going It was like a water skiing Hall of Fame on the side of I-4 Orange Tampa. Yeah Never been like I'm not gonna go There's a fishing Hall of Fame somewhere around there to Ted Williams in the Ted Williams in the fishing Hall of Fame Yeah, he was like a like the championship like angler like not even joking. He's in like three Hall of Fames Ted Williams signatures Lakers Anthony Davis 10 of 25 Alan Kay again Alan's had some nice cards tonight. We go AD Lakers And Rockets Jalen Green rookie material dual signature there to 99 Rookie material dual signature Jalen Green the 99 Rockets Steve R All right, this case is definitely pretty solid We're hit. We're hitting the names We need a true RPA next box true RPA. That's what we need Still some teams have done very well already Jersey card Kemba Walker Nick 77 of 99 Nick's legend Kemba Walker As a Celtics Jersey in that one Key on Johnson rookie jumbo patch for the for the Blazers to 99 The cryo preservation Hall of Fame too. Oh, so four Hall of Fames then What's the other one? He's like a flop like a pilot's Hall of Ham or some crap like that He's into I know he's in three Hall of Fames If there was like a cursing Hall of Fame be in that too No Treasures of the Hall auto for the Rockets Ralph Samson 42 of 99 and lasting legacies Jersey auto spurs Lonnie Walker the fourth 56 of 99 Just signs L4 L4 Play battleship or something All righty you guys last box for group breaks of the night Really, that's pretty cool. I like going to museums in Hall of Fames. There's none of that in Florida. There's none of that We have like two museums So Florida that's a Florida central Florida is lacking in we have theme parks to know like Just know where I'd rather go and like walk around a museum for like a whole day science Actually kids Anyway, six are dwelling beads 33 of 75 all cool museums here up north There's an aquarium in Atlanta Printing plates JJ erotic pelicans JJ erotic. Okay. All right. All right. Well, why is he not a magic? This is strange. This is like the edge of like a of like a sheet See how the there's pointed corners here. There's rounded corners here. It's like the edge. It's like, I don't know It goes like this way. Usually they're all just rounded. Maybe they just didn't cut this Anyway pelicans erotic I've never seen that on 20 play before Jersey card for the um This is gonna go to the pelicans. I know it's New Orleans Hornets, but they are the pelicans That's chris paul to 99. Make sure you tag this pelicans Because they're gonna see hornets. Someone's gonna see hornets and maybe just skip it on accident game war in jersey This stays with new orleans It's the same franchise same franchise Blake says wonder works Do Blake loves wonder works Three color patch for the kings the monta sabonis for 25 that is a pacer's patch Right rob. I mean like central Florida. Gainesville is not central Florida. It's like in the border, I guess Uh game warm with the pacer's patch card kings the Monta sabonis Demsion colossal material autographs prime Miles of bride nicks nicks miles of bride Nicks that'd be a nice big bride. Oh man. We got it. We got it. I was calling big rpa I was hoping braden k braden k 75th anniversary rpa Cade cunningham 44 of 75 There he is you guys that is a number patch as well Is a three color rpa kade cunningham That's right to 75 75th anniversary Oh man I think the case delivered I think the case delivered that is sick. That is huge Jersey card pistons isaas steward to 99 We'll get pistons colossal jersey nicks michael robinson to 99 rookie signatures josh christopher to 49 rockets Did you ever think we'd get two jj reddix in one box? I did not think that either but here we go magic lasting legacies jersey auto jj reddick 6 of 99 Orlando legends Game worn. That's what's up, man Magic fan. I dig that card Give me a sec. Everybody. We're gonna recap again. Personal's coming up next. They are totally full.  My day off is just gonna be me Like a zombie All right, so we had printing plates of jj reddick for the pelicans Uh spurs kelden johnson Alibi blazers the erin fox kings relics chris paul goes to the hornets here Sure, not hornets. It was pelicans. It was pelicans new orleans. That's new orleans card exceeds new orleans Um keon johnson kemba walker as a nick james worthy cori kispert Alprin shengun jaylon green victor aladipo heat carl anthony towns marcus smart larry bird to monica bonus kings jimmy butler heats erin gordon nuggets mitchell robinson nicks and A isaias turret pistons All right, we're in redemption. Mcbride nicks colossal material auto prime. That'd be a nice one there Now josh christopher rockets jj eratic magic Ralph sampson rockets Lonnie walker the fourth spurs jersey auto jamal crawford teawolves jason press and triple jersey auto clippers Jersey auto mono jenobley spurs the 99 kazzie russell lakers to 49 G uh jt thore on the throwback rpa to 10 for the hornets one of 120 cuckoach signatures for the bulls anthony davis out of the 25 lakers definitive ink shea gildes alexander 7 of 10 for the thunder warriors clutch factor signatures prime redemption jonathan kaminga jaylon green duel jersey rookie auto to 99 rockets rookie material duel and rpa 75th anniversary kade cunningham for the pistons I'm gonna send a box to ever to the pistons. There are like very very tiny but noticeable Um, like blemishes on the edge of the car the bottom edge Maybe since it's a huge card, they'll do something about that. I do not know It's worth a shot. I'd say for your pistons. Congrats on the hit either way. That's huge Thank you again, everybody. Personals coming up


To the pitch we go, Bemidji girls soccer at home this afternoon versus West Otter Tail United in just minutes in Jack's threatening Kelly Christopher crosses to Isabel Moran. She finishes for the goal 1-0 Bemidji then later in the half, Christopher making plays again and finds the foot of Moran again. Nicely done she adds another later on for the hat trick. All lumberjacks in this one at 10-0 the final. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


We have spoken so many times on this show about the pathetic freak out at the top of the Tory party caused by a few thousand migrants in dingy's crossing the English channel today we discovered just how far our government would go to reduce the number of asylum seekers arriving in Britain a number which is already less than a quarter of those arriving in Germany and a third of those who arrive in France so how will Britain resolve its fabricated migrant crisis. I sending asylum seekers to the South Atlantic that's at least an idea that was first floated by pretty Patel who asked officials to explore the possibility of constructing an asylum processing center on Ascension Island which is a British overseas territory over 4,000 miles away from the UK so I have to admit I hadn't heard of Ascension Island and so we're gonna sort of give you a visual representation of where this is how far it is away so let's get up graphic nine a. You'll know where UK is on the Mac but let's point out where the UK is and where Kent is now Ascension Island is so small and so remote that it doesn't appear on a lot of world maps including this one but this is where Ascension Island is that's pretty far away so that's distance it's over 4,000 miles away you can see that Google confirming that and that's by the by how the crow flies I don't know how they're gonna get these people there this proposal was discussed by conservative MP Laura trot and Labour MP Richard Bergen on today's politics. I'm a Kent MP we have increasing number of boats coming across the channel is an incredibly dangerous crossing we need to stop people doing it and we also need to reduce the pressure on Kent to unable to take any more children into care so it's something that I think it's absolutely right that we look at right in terms of offshoring people even as far as we look at solutions to the problem as I said I haven't seen the details of this but just listening to that that's the headline it was considered by the government and is it something that they should be looking at. Like I said we need to make sure that we reduce the incentives to come across as incredibly dangerous crossing it's been problematic people have died we've got to stop that happening. Richard a good or a bad idea? I think it's totally inhumane people talk about values based immigration system this is values based based upon rotten values based upon values that actually seem quite racist and based upon values which actually fill us all with shame if that's going to be the approach the British government will take. We're talking here about vulnerable people fleeing war and persecution and there's these reports that the Home Secretary is thinking of shipping them thousands of miles away to an isolated island. And how would you how would you how would you deter people coming across making that dangerous crossing across the English Channel in Dingies? Well we need to make sure there's safe legal passage for people fleeing war and persecution we should be proud of doing that as a country. That's the kind of country that we should be and I think lots of people will be completely appalled at these reports. Again I mean I know the focus of this should be how horrific this is to people who are seeking safety but for me the thing that really sort of I mean gets me on this one is how pathetic it is. You know as we've said so many times on this show there is not a migrant crisis when it comes to Britain. Yes sometimes movements of hundreds of thousands of people do cause some sort of you know social difficulties in a place cultural differences of a housing example. If you're in Lebanon and there's two million people coming over from Syria I'm sure that will cause some social problems and some people will have concerns about it. We've had 4,000 people coming across the channel in Little Dingies and we're now considering doing something so severe so extreme as to move them to an island 4,000 miles away. Now that is the kind of I would know I would not support that in any circumstances but it's the kind of thing you can imagine a country turning to if say like Greece it's got half a million people who are sort of coming over onto islands. Again I'm not I'm not saying they should send their migrants over to Ascension Island. I'm just saying it would at least be comprehensible for a government to be considering that but in this country we've got 4,000 people coming over that is that is nothing. We're a big country with 60 million people 4,000 people come over in a year and we suddenly think it's acceptable it's reasonable to be sending people 4,000 miles away. I think that there's a historical story here which is one about the ways in which settler colonial techniques were first exported from Britain to the colonies and now they find their way back. And I think this is the case with this Australian style offshore detention system. When people first started talking about an Australian style immigration detention immigration system lots of us on the left were saying well isn't that going to involve offshore detention and people said no you're crazy.  But I think that talk of offshore detention regardless of whether or not it is deemed to be feasible affordable and actually happens was always going to feature and loom quite large because when it comes to immigration policy the cruelty is the point. It isn't a byproduct it isn't some kind of glitch or failure to imagine consequences on the part of the government it is the point. It's been the case explicitly in Australia when it comes to offshore detention which is itself supposed to be a deterrent. It's not supposed to be a more efficient way of handling asylum claims. It is supposed to be nasty and it has dreadful consequences in particular in the offshore detention facilities at Manus and now you have a mental health crisis. You have normalized suicidal behavior and suicidal behavior has been found in children as young as eight. So you have children who aren't even old enough for secondary school being pushed to the point of self harm and attempts in their life because of the conditions that they're in. And this isn't some big secret. You have literally an award-winning journalist Beru Bushani who has been blowing the whistle on this for ages and it has made fairly a ripple. He won an award for his writing while in an offshore detention facility but other than that it wasn't something that was taken all that seriously. And it's been deliberately ignored I think by the press in this country. We've been happy to talk about an Australian point style system completely devoid of content and what that will actually mean. This isn't the first time it's been suggested in this country. Offshore detention was something which was suggested by new labour. Of course the immigration detention system that we have here today is a product of new labour policy. However I think that it's no coincidence that this is rearing its head now because pretty patelle amongst many other things is very skilled at knowing who her base is. And when it comes to keeping a finger on that nasty clogged pulsing artery of middle England, she's got it and she knows their tastes. So I think she's been able to quite cannily float these ideas which regardless of whether or not they happen is playing to that thirst for cruelty and punishment for asylum seekers. I mean I think that point about it not being about efficiency it's about being cruelty and punishment is so important. Because I mean obviously the sort of official line here is the reason you send them to a different place is sort of one of space. There isn't space for these people on Britain even though there's only 6% of England is built upon.  So it's not that you send asylum seekers off to an island because there'll be more space for them there. It's that you can treat them more appallingly without having the sort of same rule of law and the same norms that apply on the island of the British Isles. You can treat them more in a different way. You move them to a different place because then you can treat them less humanly. You can treat them like they're sub human like they're of a different type like aliens. We're going to go now to the labor response which was disappointing to say the least. So Richard Bergen there gave quite a powerful argument you know this is about values. That's the problem here that this is against our values that they would even consider this. Keir Starmer's was somewhat more meek. So let's get up a tweet from Sienna Rogers who is commenting on the official labor press conference or press briefing that happens after PMQs. So she writes Keir's response to the idea of processing asylum seekers on Ascension Island ludicrous and inhumane. It's completely impractical and it would be hugely expensive for taxpayers. Now people said well he said it was inhumane but he didn't expand on it being inhumane. And this idea that it adds extra weight to your argument to say it's impractical and it would be hugely expensive for taxpayers. I mean maybe it is impractical and maybe it would be hugely expensive for taxpayers but that doesn't strengthen your argument. It weakens your argument because again if you want to say no why not why not say you know people who don't like migrants maybe they could be persuaded by an economic argument. You know maybe maybe they don't want migrants to be here but they might think it's too expensive to send them over there. Now if you think that the way to argue for a more humane immigration system in this country is to say it's more efficient to have a humane system. It's cheaper to have a humane system. I'll sell you the remain campaign for the EU referendum right because we've tried that and it doesn't work. And this is also something where I don't think you necessarily need a particularly radical line. I mean this is where I think actually progressive patriotism could come into it because you can say look we as a country are a welcoming nation when people look for support. We don't ship them off to islands and also we're good enough. We're good enough. We're economically productive enough. We've got the wherewithal to expand the capacity of this economy to welcome people in. It was a bit like the sort of Merkel line when Syrians came over and integrated a million people. We can do this. It might not be easy but we can do this whereas this argument that oh we maybe could do it be a bit impractical and it would cost some money. I mean people what we know about the British public is they are willing to lose a bit of economic growth to get rid of more migrants. Unless you take the desire to have less migrants head on you're never going to win. Ash are we you know this is just one answer from a Labour Party spokesperson. It's not necessarily you know going to appear in the manifesto but this is in line with the positions they've been taking since Kierstarman became leader. Yeah you're right it is and what's really disappointing about it is that this is also something that the shadow home secretary parroted which is that it's inhumane yes but more to the point is inefficient and expensive and the problem with that is that it doesn't address the core problem which is that migrants and asylum seekers have for decades been dehumanised so much that they're considered a kind of living breathing virus. They're dirty, they're diseased, their mere presence is contaminating and you've got to handle them as far away as possible you know with latex gloves and detergent and all the rest of it. And that's something which has been a mainstay of British politics for a very long time and it was fed by of course new Labour. David Blunkett as home secretary became obsessed with the asylum issue. That gave a great boost to the BNP who were looking to make gains in those white flight constituencies around London and it far from being able to neuter right-wing talking points on migration it just further embedded them because what you have to do is insist upon the shared humanity of migrants and asylum seekers.  They're coming here because they've had good things about this country being welcoming and tolerant and being a place where you can make a life for yourself. Don't know where they heard that, probably not through listening to Navarra media but you know that's a good international reputation to have. So I agree with you that this could be integrated into storytelling about this country and who we would like to think of ourselves as. I just don't think that it has deep roots. It's very shallow roots that it's not going to hold on and it's because of the ways in which we've had ideas of sovereignty and incursions upon that sovereignty be racialized and anthropomorphized as the figure of the migrant for so long. I think that's an uphill struggle but it's one worth doing. The alternative is to give in to the far right talking points which are going to win anyway. I mean you also have to, the progressive patriotism, you have to do the work, right? So I sort of, when people were saying, oh Kirstam is sitting with a British flag, that's terrible, it's coddling up to the far right. I was like, no, look, I mean you have to do that. But he hasn't done the work to make that symbol mean anything else than it's meant before. What he's done since hanging out with that flag is say the reason we shouldn't just deport migrants to islands is because it's a bit expensive and of course we can't vote against a bill which makes torture legal five years ago. The Guardian released a story just before we went live which is basically an expansion of this one. So let's go to the headline. Revealed number 10 explores sending asylum seekers to Moldova, Morocco and Papua New Guinea. Document seen by Guardian suggests foreign office officials are pushing back at proposals for processing claims in detention facilities overseas. What's interesting here is that it's the foreign office pushing against this. So they're saying basically this isn't going to work diplomatically. We don't think these islands are going to let us have asylum detention facility. So it's not going to work on those terms. It doesn't seem like anyone's come out and say, no, this would be completely humane. They just say, diplomatically, this doesn't work. Before I go to you, Ash, I want to look at something really depressing, which is the polling on this. So you gov did a poll today asking people whether they think this is a good idea or a bad idea. So they said to people, Brits on the idea of building an asylum processing center on Ascension Island, a remote UK territory 5,000 miles from the UK as considered by the government. Good idea. 40% of people think it's a good idea. 35% of people think it's a bad idea. Obviously, you can see there that this is very much split along voting lines. So Labour voters think it's a bad idea to send asylum seekers 5,000 miles away to an island. Conservative voters seem to think it's a very good idea. So Ash, I mean, a lot of work to be done here. There is a lot of work to be done.  And without the Labour Party taking a much more muscular approach to it and integrating a humanising approach to asylum and immigration with an economic policy platform which can promise to be the tide which raises all boats. I don't know how you're supposed to go about fixing this as a problem. I mean, one thing that I would say is that this idea doesn't actually have to happen in order for it to have political traction and for it to be an effective lightning rod if you like for the forces of right-wing reaction. Donald Trump didn't build that wall. You know, piecemeal bits of fencing is not the same as the towering structure which can be seen from Mars or whatever that was promised. But it was still imaginatively able to capture a certain feeling a feeling of wanting to put the borders up, shunt the refugees and the immigrants away and insist on a kind of national purity. And that idea having so much traction isn't itself dangerous even if these facilities don't get built. Thank you.


Great. Thank you. Thank you so much and thank you all for coming this afternoon. Again, sorry I couldn't have the video connected. I'm on my son's school computer and probably had its fair share of snacks and drinks filled within it at some point in time. But I am excited about this talk. It's about using insect habits for pest management. So let's go ahead and begin. So some of the things we're going to be talking about, we're going to walk through some of the methods for controlling pests naturally and even using their own behavior against them. So this is not going to be a this product works against this bug. It's more going to be geared towards what's going on inside the brain of an insect and how do we use that against them to help with our crops. That's kind of the whole idea. We did get approved and partnered with North Central SAIR for a research project. So we're also going to check in and talk about that. And like was mentioned, I'll have a couple of points where I'll stop and take some questions out of the chat too. And then of course at the end as well. So who are we? So Healthy Hills Farm is the name of my farm. It's a small urban and suburban homestead style farm in Cincinnati. Who day? We sell primarily at a local farmer's market and in the community. So some of the things that we have mixed crop veggies. We have dope melt soap. We raise pasture raised eggs. And then we also have Nigerian dwarf goats, which right now we're right in the midst of kidding season. It's just kind of kicked off for us. So lots going on on the farm right now. And what was our study? So we have a lot of pest pressure with pumpkins specifically on our farm. And we've tried just about everything I can think of. Gosh, like any squash that we plant. Squash vine borers are really bad. And we'll talk about what those are if you've never encountered them.  Squash bugs also pretty bad. And we were like, what can we do? We've tried a whole lot of things. And so we read about a research study and we'll talk about that in depth as well. And it's based on this theory that we'll get there. That's going to reduce pest damage kind of like tricking them is the whole idea. So we used pumpkins as our crop of choice. And then we were lucky enough to be able to partner with the sustainable agriculture research and education in the north central region for a one-year study. So what is the theory that I'm talking about? It's called the appropriate inappropriate landings theory. And so essentially what it is, it's based around kind of this. It's been shown that fewer insects are found on plants growing in a diverse ecosystem than on plants in bare soil or a monocrop system. But why is in debate? They're not too sure. There's lots of theories out there. This one in particular says that after the bugs receive a chemical cue to come into the area, they kind of just land indiscriminately on a green object. Not really any other color, like the brown soil. They're just, we'll go into the steps specifically here in just a second, but they get into the area, there's a green object, land on it. That's kind of the whole idea behind it. And so drilling down into it a little bit further, it says that the host plant selection needs three things to happen. So you've got an insect in the area because these volatile chemicals are released by the plant. That's step one. So the plant is releasing volatile chemicals as kind of their message system to other plants and insects in the area. Then step two is that they find the visual stimuli of a green object. So they've been brought in by the volatile chemicals, then they've gotten this visual stimuli of a green object, which could be just about anything. Host plant could be another plant, could be green paper, green plastic. One of the cool things that they were able to do, I'm probably getting my head on myself a little bit, but it's interesting. They were able to use plastic plants in the study and it seemed to work, so we'll kind of talk about that too. Just any green object. And then step three, the insect uses chemical receptors on its mouth parts to kind of confirm where it's landed. Is this the right plant? If it is, hey, it's egg laying time. That's kind of the whole idea. It's a three step process. So now, kind of talking about step one a little bit further, these volatile organic compounds, like you've probably heard of VOCs is like a of something I've heard about them in. I've heard about like volatile organic compounds in paint, but not the same thing. These volatile organic compounds, they're highly specific to each plant. So each plant kind of communicates in their own way. So they can communicate both above and below ground. They can attract pollinators. And in some cases, there might be a specific plant that attracts a specific pollinator, which is kind of cool. So they kind of have that relationship. They could also signal danger. I like to think about if a deer, because we in a suburban area have deer, of course. I like to think about it as if the deer in the area start to nibble, all the plants are like, guys, watch out, watch out. So they can do all kinds of things. I also think about rye, how it's got like alleopathy. It can kind of send signals to say, hey, we're here, you can't grow here, that kind of thing. So they can in a way, plants using these chemicals kind of communicate with each other, which is pretty sweet. And then step two, that visual stimuli. This study, the appropriate inappropriate landings theory, is a study by Finch and Collier. And I'll have a link for it as well, either in the notes that you guys receive or at the end of this slideshow. And probably throughout, honestly. Finch and Collier looked at where insects landed, right? And so they were kind of looking at it as any green surface. So they set up artificial plastic plants and green paper and some other actual plants too, but just wanted to see, like, is it really any green thing? And the green paper and the artificial plastic plants were just as effective as living plants. So when they had a specific crop that they were looking at, they knew an insect would go and attack it at some point or lay eggs on it, they would surround that plant with other plants and then plastic and paper too. And all of them were equally as effective. You hear sometimes we'll talk about this later as well, aromatic companion plants, so plants that have like really strong smells to them, like mint or dill or something like that. They weren't actually from this study any more effective than a plant that doesn't have a strong smell. The insects avoided what they wanted to avoid and landed on what they wanted to land. It wasn't any more or less effective. So that was kind of an interesting takeaway from it. The final step is the one that I think is pretty interesting. For the final step, insects use their feet and their mouth parts. Kind of like tasting through your feet, which is weird to think about. To see if the chemical contact stimuli is a match for their specific host plant. So when they get those chemical cues, they're in the area, they've got that visual stimuli, it's green, I'm coming to land. When they land on it, they're looking for a specific stimuli. If it doesn't have that specific host plant stimuli, then that's not their plant and that's going to end up being an inappropriate landing.  Is this the right plant? Well, if it's a match, it's called an appropriate landing. And if it's not, it's an inappropriate landing. Makes sense, right? So looking at this little diagram right here, it kind of shows you this, this short flight sequence that it's talking about in that slide right there. So if the insect makes an appropriate landing, it's like, it lands on the right plant, everything's going according to plan. Sweet, this is great. All of a sudden it's going to make short flights from leaf to leaf. And that's what this diagram is trying to show you is at the top left of that first plant is like a little fly or something. It's making a little hop to the other leaf down there. Then it goes around and again, it makes about four short flights on this diagram right here. So the important part that's interesting about this is that in order for them to have all the contact stimuli in order to lay eggs, all of those short flights have to be the right plant. Or in other words, all of the landings in a series of short flights, which is around three to five, in most cases, has to be the right plant. It has to be an appropriate landing in order to lay eggs. So if at any point in those three steps in those short flights, it's not the right plant, it almost like is a reset button that they have to do that whole process again. So if they land on, for instance, my pumpkin plants the first time, but not the second time, then all of that basically contact stimuli is going to tell them this isn't right, you need to fly away and try something else. So they could go to a plant nearby, try it again, if it gets messed up somewhere in that step, eventually they're going to fly away. And that's kind of the whole cool idea behind this. Yeah. So again, if they land on the host plant, the plants that you're trying to protect, they have to make these short flights. That's the biggest key, these short little flights are what's key. If at any point there's something interrupted like in that second picture you see right there, there's little clover kind of all over the place. If they accidentally land on that clover, they have to restart and do three to five. It's almost like filling up a bank of contact stimuli where it's like they have to get enough, but if they land on the wrong things, they lose all of their contact stimuli that they've been banking up. It's kind of how I like to think about it. And so that's pretty important to this whole idea and where we're going to take this to, how we can use it. But this kind of gets into their mind of, okay, this is how I have to go about laying eggs and to create the next generation. If we know that, we can kind of use that to our advantage. And so I know that's kind of, there's a lot of like steps and things and numbers going on in there. So I want to stop right here for just a second and see if there are any questions that you may have so far about that theory or anything that we've talked about. If you could type those into the chat, that would be great. Well, people maybe we'll give a couple of seconds to see if folks want to put them in the chat. There aren't any right now, but I will say there's been lots of Brandon great reactions. I see people like doing the like laughing smiley face at this. And Jesse put a funny comment in do not pasco, do not collect $200. Nice. So I guess I guess I'm doing an okay job explaining it, I guess. Yeah, I think it's landing with folks. All right, cool. Great, great, great. Then I'll keep going. I do have another spot at the end to ask questions too. So you don't get them in, no problem. So how can we use this? So now that we've kind of gotten into the mind of an insect, we now know that they have to have all these things go right in order for them to lay eggs. How can we use it? So if you're thinking about inter-planting, right? If you've got your host plants in there, a great strategy has always been before this study even, is to plant other things within it, have plenty of diversity in what you're planting. It's always a good idea. This is more trying to figure out why. Is it a good idea? And so practically then, plants in meat rows or in bear soil are easy for insects to land and re-land on. And that's why they're so successful, says this theory, right? They can land on a green thing. If it's only that plant, the next green thing they land on is of course going to be that plant. So it's definitely going to be a challenge in an uphill battle to keep those insects off. And if you think about it, that makes a lot of sense. If you were able to have like a bird's eye view and look straight down on a very neat, tidy monocrop system, you're going to be able to see the bright green foliage against the very dark bear soil. And that's going to be easy for, or if it's not a lot of dark bear soil and it's just a cluster of all the host plant, that's just as easy too. So surrounded by other plants, some insects land on a non-host plant and fly off without damage or egg production. And so that's kind of what we're trying to do here. This chart is just talking about difference insects and the percentage of eggs laid when the plants are in bear soil or when they're within clover. So it says the number of eggs laid by eight insects on cabbage plants growing in clover, expressed as a percentage of eggs laid on similar plants growing in bear soil. So in other words, the top bar is the plants in the bear soil. Compare that to the different insects landing on the plants in clover. And you can tell by this graph it goes way down, especially with the cabbage moth down there at the bottom. So that's a pretty good reduction. You've got all the way at the top, even the one that looks like, oh wow, that's pretty big still. It's a 40% reduction from the cabbage just by itself than the cabbage within clover. So it works. So if we're able to use this information to disrupt the egg cycle, we could lessen the damage from pests without using any chemicals or insecticides, which is great. Even organic pest controls, that would be ideal to not have to use any product at all and save you money, which would be a good thing in and of itself, but then to stay away from chemicals in any fashion is definitely a good thing. So they tested 24 plants in this study. They tested marigold, mint, onion, sage, thyme, all really fragrant and aromatic plants. They're not any more disruptive than the non-aromatic ones. So this opens the door to match more regionally and seasonally appropriate plants to your crop. And what that means is that you aren't limited by some of the examples I'm going to give here shortly. Like I know pumpkins, you can plant a blue-hubbard squash as a trap crop, and we'll talk about what that is soon too. But it doesn't necessarily have to be that. It could be other things too. So whatever grows well during the time of your cash crop, that could be a good thing. So there's lots more options now using this information. So speaking of trap cropping, what is that? So trap cropping, what that is, it's purposefully attracting pests away from one crop to something that they would prefer. So you're planting something knowing it's going to be a sacrifice more or less.  So you're purposefully, it sounds kind of counterintuitive, but you're purposefully bringing in insects to the area to kind of get rid of them by destroying it. So the important thing in that is if you do trap cropping, if nothing else, be sure to start the trap crop before the thing you're trying to save or the cash crop. And that's kind of what this picture shows too is you've got actually pumpkins. It's got four blue-hubbard squash. Blue-hubbard is a type of squash that is really susceptible to a lot of squash pests. So that's one you can take with you for some reason. They love it. It's pretty good, but it's really susceptible. And a lot of people will use this as a trap crop, and they'll plant it earlier. So this one says that they were transplanted into the end of each row at the end of May at the same time that the cash crop was direct seeded. So the trap crop has a lot more growth to it and looks a lot more appealing to the insects. So it's something they like more, and it just looks better for them. So you're going to, when you're ready, when you see the insects all over it, you're going to pull that up and destroy it. So blue-hubbard squash, like I said, is one that really attracts pests like squash vinebores, squash bugs. Those are going to get away from your main crop. But there's also other ones too. It doesn't have to be just on pumpkins. I've heard, well, actually by experience, I know this one, tomatoes with radishes. So if you have radishes nearby your tomatoes for some reason, beetles really love radishes. Just that green foliage.   I've done that. Okra and sunflowers. This one, I have not had the same kind of luck, but this is just one that I've heard of. You've got okra and sunflowers both being highly attractive to stink bugs and leaf-footed bugs. I know my kids would especially tell you that they are not fans of stink bugs and leaf-footed bugs. Somehow, I have no idea how they get in your house, but they are. They're here to stay for a while and apparently okra and sunflowers. So give it a try. If you have success with it, let me know because I would be really interested in that. We have pretty good luck with sunflowers, but not so much with okra. So be interested to see if that works out. But there's some other ones too, right? So we've so far we've got our theory. We've got our trap cropping. Pheromone traps is kind of the most technologically savvy. If you want to think about it like that of the ones we're probably going to discuss here. Pheromone traps. So insects use pheromones to signal mates, to warn others and to find food. So just as the plants communicate, it's sort of the insects. Each pheromone is really specific to each insect, right? So it's almost like different languages for each insect. And so there's not going to be one catch-all pheromone trap that catches everything. They're really specific. So if you go and look for a pheromone trap, you're going to look for one specific to the pest that's giving you the most trouble. The other downside with this one is as you can tell by this picture, the traps need to be replaced often. They're affected by the weather. It's not my favorite technique, but it is one that you can look into and it might be successful for your situation. Especially if you're having trouble and it's a covered, like if you have like a tunnel or something like that, it might be more effective that way. But for me, a lot of what I grow is outdoors and may not have a tree limb to hang off of like this picture shows. But if you look into it, it could very well be good for you. Just remember that it's specific to the insect you're trying to catch. They need to be replaced often. They're affected by the weather. And the other downside I read about, I've not had this experience myself, is you could get the smell on you or your clothes and you might yourself attract the pests, which would be interesting to be like a walking pheromone trap. The other one, color-based trap. So this one I think is a little more common that you might see those sticky yellow cards. So insects can be attracted to specific colors. We kind of talked about that, right? The theory, the inappropriate appropriate landings theory is all kind of based on they're coming into an area and seeing something green. This is kind of the same idea is that insects, they like specific colors. Yellow is an attractive color for a lot of insects. And that's why you'll see a lot of these cards as yellow. I know I have a yellow tub drug. If you guys know what those are, there's like flexible tubs that you would pick up produce as you're harvesting and stuff like that. I have a yellow one and there's soldier beetles always in that thing during the summer. So they're attracted just to the yellow itself. And that was kind of another thing. I was like, hmm, maybe there is something to this theory with just the color because it certainly is not a plant. It's just a yellow tub drug, but they like it. So sticky yellow cards are a popular trap example. A yellow pan would probably be like another way to trap them if you didn't want to go through the expense of using sticky yellow cards. You could set up like a yellow pan or a bucket or my tub drug. You could put soapy and salty water in it. It works for like white flies and aphids, I would imagine. Get a lot of hits on that. Thrips, if you're familiar with those, are attracted to yellow and blue. And then I didn't know this one. Horseflies are attracted to shiny black. Interesting. So different insects attracted to different colors. Kind of interesting. So there might be more studies out there kind of based around that, specific to specific insects. But there's more. So there's more ways that we can pest control without using chemicals and kind of use their own behaviors against them. And that's insect predators. This one's really cool. That picture down there is of a tomato hornworm. So that's probably one of the more famous ones where a wasp will come and lay its eggs on this tomato hornworm. And you can see all those cocoons. There's lots of examples of wasps, especially laying eggs on or inside of an insect. And then the wasps kind of growing up and spewing out of there like the alien movie. Super cool, super cool stuff. So specific predatory insects can be brought in to consume targeted pests. But care should be made in the selection and quantity it purchased, right? And so you're not trying to, I've heard of examples of people bringing in tons and tons and tons of ladybugs, which is great in theory. But then they'll eat all of the target insects, which is also great. But then there's so many of them that they are out of balance now. You've kind of upset the ecosystem. So that's not good either. Especially if you release something that is non-native and it could either completely die out or opposite, completely take over and make that ecosystem out of balance. That's not good either. So just be careful about the number and the selection. If you do go that route, they are really cool though and something that I'm really interested in as well. So native beneficial insects, they can be lured in naturally too. There's lots of ways to do that. Plants, like we talked about, they communicate as well. They release these things called herbivore-induced plant volatiles. This is HIPV. I'll call it that from now on because herbivore-induced plant volatiles sounds like a mouthful. So these plants release these chemicals into the air and they tell other plants to put up their defenses and just that signal can bring in beneficial insects. So the plants can signal bad insects. Bad insects are like, oh, there's weak plants in the area, let's go. But it can also signal the predator insect to say, okay, something's happening with this plant, I bet it's our food. So a lot of communication is always happening. It's so cool. Habitat host plants. You can have specific plants. So this is something specific to plants that you can set up. When we were talking about the theory a little bit earlier, we were saying that it doesn't really have to be any specific plant to confuse the insect into flying away. That's different here. There are specific host plants that can attract predatory insects. Dill is one for parasitic wasps. I think fennel, too, might be another. And I know for sure that there's lots more. So what are some examples of these insects? You've got these wasps that can lay its eggs inside the tomato hornworm, which is what we just saw right there. That's always a cool one. And that's something that you can probably bring in naturally as well. Ladybugs. Ladybugs are awesome.  They're so cool. They're so cool. And that stage eats aphids as well. So both the adult and the juvenile stage will eat aphids. So ladybugs all around. Good stuff. Ground beetles. Ground beetles. We find them here on our farm underneath like like shavings or wood and things like that. But they're these shiny black beetles and they're in the soil as well. But that's where my kids find them. They love to feed them with the chickens that they pass in or on the soil, such as slugs and cutworms. Slugs can be an issue for some people as well. So ground beetles, maybe that'd be a route to go. There's also other ways too, but we're just talking about insects. Green lace wings. So the larva eats small soft body insects and the adult is actually a pollinator, so double duty. The other thing that I didn't specifically mention is companion planting. We kind of talked a little bit around it. But it can combine a lot of things. And so it can combine aspects of trap crapping. It can combine aspects of bringing in beneficial insects. All it is is companion planting is like a multi-species approach of planting. And it can be a way that you can both bring in and confuse good and bad insects. So it can have helpful aspects in the garden. It can also keep disease and plant stress down. So if you have a companion plant that can kind of help your cash crop nurse it a little bit, a stressed plant is going to be more susceptible to pest and disease pressure. So that's any number of things. So the healthier cash crop you have, the better it's going to be. And that sounds common sense, but there's a lot of things you can do to make sure that that's the case. So I'll stop here if there's any questions that have come up so far. And then if not, I'll keep going until the end. We do have a couple of questions in here. Cassie is wondering how far away from your main crop should you be planting a trap crop? If you're doing a trap crop, you would want it, I'll go back here to show you here. You want it far enough to where it's not touching at all. So this is different than a companion plant. Like if you are trying to plant, I'll stick with pumpkins. If you're trying to grow pumpkins and have a crop within it to get that appropriate inappropriate landing effect, you want it right there touching almost surrounded within it. And I'll show you pictures of that here soon. But if you're doing just trap cropping where it's, I'm going to plant this on purpose and I'm going to pull it out and destroy it. You want to make sure that it's probably a good, I would say at least a foot away, if not more. But you definitely do not want them touching because for some reason that they would get on the trap crop and then make a short hop to your cash crop just by coincidence, then it kind of takes away from that trap crop a plant, if that makes sense. I see some heads nodding. I think that answers the question really well. Jim was also wondering, is there a list of specific pests for which to utilize this appropriate inappropriate method? I don't know that there is a list. I would think it would be appropriate for just about any insect pest. I've not seen a specific list. I know the study itself looked at cabbage pests. And so I know a lot of our cash crops are related to cabbage right during that coal crop family. So I think this can be something that could be used for almost any insect pest that I can think of that would need your host plant to lay eggs on short of like a locust plague that may, you may not have any help with that. I think it would be something to try and see how it works because I would imagine it would work in just about every case. Great. Thank you, Brandon. John is wondering, can you plant squash into a clover bed? Do you have any experience with that? I do. What a great question. I do have experience with that. And so I will be talking about that quite a bit here in the next part because the next part is our actual study. And one of the treatments was with clover. And I'll give you the spoiler alert. It doesn't work so well with clover, but we'll talk about it. Okay, cool. We have two more questions if that's all right for now. Does the effectiveness of interplaneting differ between sprawling low-lying plants versus something with a more upright structure like a caged tomato? They're thinking the pest would get enough confirmation before reaching the lower quote-unquote trick plant. Yeah, so there is a little bit of a difference there. So if you have something that is taller, you're going to want something to interplant with it that's also tall. It doesn't have to be taller than, but for example, if you're thinking about tomatoes, something like clover that's real low-lying wouldn't be a good choice. But what it does open up is the idea that you could use something that's more appropriate for that time of the year that you have tomatoes. So it doesn't have to be just clover. It doesn't have to be just blue-hubbard squash. It can be just about anything that's green that comes up towards, I would say, at least halfway up what you're trying to do, I think would be a good way to put it. Thank you. I see a thumbs up and some heads nodding on that one. Great. It's one more question. Joe's wondering, so do you destroy the trap plants once you see the eggs laid on it? Yeah. So once it's infested pretty much, so if it's a bigger trap crop, like if you've got, when we were looking at that picture, the trap crop was, it had several leaves on it, may even have had a flower, it's going to be really well established. So you're not going to pull it out the very first time you see an insect on there. You're going to wait until it's got a good bit of eggs, some confirmation of maybe the insects too. But once your cash crop starts having its first true leaf, you're going to want to try to get your trap crop out of there because you don't want, for any reason, the pest to accidentally end up on what you're trying to grow. And there's a lot of good information about trap cropping, because that's been around for a little while. So if you look into that further, there's probably some good information you can find. It's a pretty good method. It's one that I don't use a ton because I always have that guilt of like, I planted you, now I'm going to pull you up. I'm so sorry. But it does work. You just want to make sure that it's got more than just like that first insect on there. Great. Thank you. Okay. So speaking of our project, I've got some pictures to take a look at here, so you can kind of get a visual of what we did and how we went about it. But with our study, we had this really, it was a really long strip that we have not really ever turned over or anything. It was just long, about 140 foot long, if that gives you kind of any perspective at all, and probably 25 to 40, I think about 40 feet, I don't have the number out of my head wide. So what we did is we turned over the whole thing, broke it from sod and lawn and grass, and had one really long row that we were going to plant into. And the reason for that is because we were going to, let's see if I can find a good, not yet, we were going to about every 10 feet have a different treatment and we were going to do it twice to, because you can see towards the end there, it starts to get shaded. So we didn't want there to be anything in terms of our research where it was like, well, maybe this site wasn't as good as the site down there. We had two varieties.  If I remember right, the varieties specifically were baby bear and rival, if I remember right. And we did about five treatments. We did rye. We did clover. We did buckwheat. We did nasturtium. And we did plastic. We actually bought plastic foliage and control because the plastic foliage thing I just had to know. And then we did that again with the other variety. So we did those, let's see what is that one, two, three, six treatments. Did it twice. We did it with the large variety and the small. So the first two leaves, there they go. You can kind of see the cotyledons and then the first two leaves are going. But here, okay, here you can kind of see a little bit better on what's going on. So this is in mid-July. You can kind of see in these pictures on where things are. So on that right hand picture, you can kind of see that we've got, I believe that's rye, clover, and then definitely buckwheat. The buckwheat is the one with the white, tiny flowers and a little bit taller. This is when we began to see the pest damage. So going back to the clover question, you can kind of see why we began to see some pest damage is because the pumpkins, they were out competing the clover and were just much taller. So if an insect were to come into the area and land on something green, the pumpkins were the highest thing by far, and it wouldn't be too hard to land on it a few more times too. So the clover for us, spoiler alert, didn't work out so well, but it was cool to try. We ended up right in the middle of July getting squash vine bores on a lot of plants. They're the worst. You can kind of see them on that left hand picture. There's a little guy near my fingers in between my middle and ring finger right there, digging through. They're just the worst. The bottom right picture shows a healthy stem compared to one infected with a squash vine bore. The healthy stem is really dark green. Some of the side stems off of it aren't looking so hot. But that doesn't mean that the plant is unhealthy. It just kind of works out that way as the plant gets bigger. But the plant on the right, the stem, it's very pale. You can see and it's got that orangey frass, is what they call it. But it's basically squash vine bore poop right up against the soil. So that's where it's kind of burrowed in and is pushing all of its waste out to. So just the worst, I do not like them. And we have just such terrible problems with them, including during this study. There's some more pictures. And this one's a good one, I think, to give you an idea of some successes. So on that left picture right there, that's mixed in pumpkin and buckwheat. So you can kind of see the buckwheat is a little bit taller. It's not out competing the pumpkin at all. It's kind of working with it. And that was what we saw as our best treatment was the buckwheat. That seems to be the best one for our pumpkins. And we planted it at the same time as the pumpkins, too. So it worked out really well. Keep going here. In August, that's when we started to see the squash bugs show up. It seemed like we were holding them off really good. And then all of a sudden we weren't. So this is what the squash bugs look like. If you look underneath the leaves, that's the best way to spot them. So if we're thinking about trap-crapping them, look under the leaves for sure. And there will be a lot of action underneath and near the veins of the plant and things like that. That top right picture is them hatching out. So you now have an idea. They look like little spiders a little bit. That's the squash bugs. Their eggs are super cool-looking, though. I'm not going to lie. They're jewel-colored. Very cool-looking, but not good for my plants. And just some more pictures kind of showing our different inner crop options. This is getting towards the end of August. We've got pumpkins on the vine. But again, the squash vine board, they took out a lot of our plants. You can see in that top left one, the squash bugs on this particular treatment were really bad. So you can see in that picture the white bugs on the pumpkin itself. Those are the squash bugs in their juvenile stage. And then we're starting to get some damage on the leaves, pretty bad, too, in some of the treatments. The bottom picture, you can see that there's a black landscape. That was our control treatment, was just black landscape. Just everything gone, but the plant itself. So because the squash vine board, you can almost view our results in the two parts, really. So what we did was we scored each plant twice a week on a score of zero to three. And zero is good, right? There's no pest damage. Three is like, ooh, okay, that's really bad. So we scored each plant zero to three twice a week. And as you can see, through June, it's looking good. July starts. Okay, we've got a little bit of damage to be expected because we've got lots of different treatments here. And don't worry so much about which one is going in which direction. Because in July, they all go in the wrong direction because the squash vine bores. If the plant is dead, it definitely gets a three. So lots of plants all got really, really, really bad squash vine board damage. Not all of them, but a lot of them. And so that's what I mean by pre and post SVB was that there was a wave of squash vine bores that just destroyed so many plants. And I have some theories and I'll talk about that at the end on why that is. But right in the middle of July, lots of squash vine bores. So what happened was after we lost a lot of plants from squash vine bores, we also added in this other part. And so we were like, okay, what can we learn from this? We've got squash vine board damage, what can we learn? So when we started to notice squash bugs come in, which are different, squash bugs and squash vine bores are different.  So we started to take note of their damage too, which would include how many leaves had eggs on it too. So this was something mid study, which research I'm sure is like, that's the worst thing you can do. But we didn't change anything in what we were doing. We just added an additional thing just to data curiosity. And so we started to also take note of how many leaves had eggs on them. And so as you can see in this, it's basically either threes or zeros. So a lot of the things like clover, not so great. If it's a three, that's not great. If it's a zero, that's good. So on August 7th, buckwheat, nasturtium and plastic on our baby bear pumpkins had no leaves with eggs. And this was a ton of work, but I was just so curious. So I looked at almost every leaf I could. And then on the rival, that's the name of the big pumpkin that we were using. It was not looking great. It was not looking great. So I was concerned. But then jumping ahead to another date where it had a lot of action, August 26th, we at that point, the squash vine borers were pretty much gone. It was just the squash bugs now. Looking at it, the buckwheat kind of stood out as something that like, okay, this might be something. The clover just wasn't looking great. Had a lot of eggs on a lot of plants, a lot of damage. And I think it's to that point where it's just very low lying. It's not confusing the insects as much as it should. The rye, also not great, but our rye was planted probably not during its most vegetative time. It just wasn't super tall yet. So that was something we were keeping an eye on, was that the buckwheat seemed to do pretty good in this case. And keeping the squash bugs, squash vine borers, we had no hope for it. But squash bugs? Okay, maybe. As you can see by September, lots of plants and lots of treatments were all dead. But that was okay, because that was about the time when our pumpkins were really just about ready. This was just kind of wrapping things up. We were at this point just counting our days until October, where it was really prime time pumpkin season. So our conclusions. In our trials, the squash vine borers, they were not deterred by the presence of other foliage and heavily damaged so many plants in July. However, we did notice that the buckwheat was way more effective than any other companion crop at keeping squash bug numbers down. And so that kind of had us think about more questions. So it was, why was the squash vine borer not deterred? And was it due to the foot traffic stomping down the foliage near the plant stem by us recording data? Because I thought about that. I was out there twice a week checking on all these plants. And so I kind of followed the same path to not step on the foliage. So it was squashing down some of the treatment around the stems of the plants. And so that led me to think, could this be an issue? Not sure. Not sure. But it is something to consider. Did buckwheat work well on squash buds because of its rapid growth in size? Why? Why did it work? And something I'm kind of curious about too. And then would rye and the plastic have done better if they covered the tops of the leaves better? So I told you we did put plastic foliage in there. And we set it up as when the plant was a certain size. But once it got bigger, the tops of the pumpkin foliage was way bigger than the rye and the plastic. So if they cover the tops of the leaves better, would that have worked better? I don't know. Something to think about. So that was kind of our questions on our end of year one. So there's a good chance we're going to go back and try this again, maybe in a more like, definitely not clover, but in a more, now that we've learned these lessons, what what are these questions can be answered? That's kind of our goal here. And that is the conclusion. So if you guys have any questions for me, I'm happy to answer them. Yeah, I would encourage folks to put any questions in the chat here. The one thing I will mention now is I'm also going to put an evaluation link in the chat. You probably heard that the first workshop and I said at the beginning, if you could please take one or two minutes to fill that out, super helpful to us. It's not too tedious at all. As far as questions, I think Jesse had a similar question to one of the ones you had on your last slide about the success of the buckwheat and was the high part of its success in disrupting the insects laying and laying on eggs. I'm just curious since he asked that question, you had it if you wanted to say anything else on that or maybe we've exhausted that. Yeah, just real quick. I think it was, but I can't definitively say it was. You know what I mean? Yeah, I like me looking at it. I think so, but I can't like back that up with statistics. It's just my observation. Great. Thank you for sharing that. We have a question. Were the companion plants destroyed or harvested? The companion plants, we just left them out there until the end of the season and then we're going to like till them in. But yeah, we just left them there throughout the whole growing season for the pumpkin. Great. I see a thumbs up in response to that. Great questions. Any other last minute questions? Oh, here we go. Have you looked at the efficacy of using this companion planting in conjunction with predator attraction? Wouldn't that be so cool, right? Like a two birds, one stone type of thing? I have not yet, but that's an interesting idea. If you can find something that can do both, why not? And I have to say that just the way that you present the content, like you can just hear the excitement and passion that I think it would be impossible for anybody on this call to not also be excited and passionate about this, see some happy and hearts in the chat. So I mean, just really excellent job. Oh, thank you. Thank you so much. I am. I'm so excited about so many possibilities that this could open up. And it's great to be able to talk to, I guess, talking through chat, like-minded individuals, too. So thank you guys so much for coming today.


It just smells so clean yet so potent at the same time. Hey what's up guys it's Josh here today I want to do a little re-review on Mr. Smelly's fragrance of Gravitas Porome. Now I know he has come out with a new fragrance but he actually did send this for me to review a little while ago and I actually really really enjoyed this fragrance but I kind of felt a little pressure to get that review out fast so I really tested this I really liked it and then I kind of got buried in all my fragrances and I haven't had a chance to re-smell it, retest it, do anything like that. So here we are today and I've actually just given it tons of wearings and I gotta say I really really do enjoy this scent for what it does and there's not really too many fragrances that remind me of something specifically like this and I really do like it. Let's show them into the notes of this fragrance. The notes are lavender, mandarin, bergamot, cardamom, coriander, pepper, vanilla, patchouli, oak moss, and ambergris. Now this fragrance in my opinion smells like a great mix of a classic gentleman's fragrance and all the likable nuances of fragrances of today. Now I gotta be honest there's a certain kind of data quality that I smell in certain fragrances and you know usually they're by people who are much older than me so I think it was like a little bit of an older type of smell maybe it's that lavender. So anytime that I smell that kind of classic men's fragrance in there it always kind of takes it away from it. Happy line of fragrances has some really really good fragrances that are like that and they're kind of changing my opinion on it because happy line of fragrances and gravitas porão do this classic DNA so so so good to the point where I almost wouldn't even say it's a con. I just find this fragrance really enjoyable, really masculine, really ritzy. Okay situations I would use this for work. I think this is great. This is probably the greatest situation to use it for. My opinion it just smells really good but it's just got a classic gentleman's vibe to it. I think work would be the probably the best. Date is okay. It's just a classic gentleman's fragrance. I think it would smell good on a date but I think most guys would go for something a little bit more sexy. Just those typical nighttime fragrances. This is just a gentleman's fragrance so I think it would just be okay. The gym I would say this is just okay. I would definitely go one spray on this because it definitely it has some good projection and you don't want to like choke people out. I think if you were to spray once this would give you a nice little masculine vibe to your workout so I think it's just okay. It doesn't really scream winter or summer to me. Probably best in the fall and the spring. All right guys let's jump into the pros of this fragrance. The pros is that it has a very high quality ritzy vibe to it. It's hard for me to describe. It just smells so clean yet so potent at the same time and I just really really like it and for some reason the word ritzy is how I would describe this fragrance because in my opinion it just has a very high quality and ritzy vibe and absolutely nothing off-putting in my opinion for being so strong. It's nice that it doesn't really have too much of an off-putting vibe because there is some definite strength to this fragrance. Another pros that has very above average projection very very solid very enjoyable. Again the one thing I really liked about it is that it rides this line of designer and niche and I think some of those are some of the best fragrances out there. Layton is another one of those to where it kind of smells simple enough that it could be a designer but then it's also so clean that it makes you think the oils have to be niche because of how clean it smells. That's kind of how I would describe this fragrance. The last pro of this one is that it has a great presentation. I've always enjoyed it and it's interesting that Mr. Smiller is a fragrance reviewer and you know we deal with so many different opinions on a day-to-day basis so he really nailed the hammer on the head with this one in all aspects even the presentation in my opinion. Okay the cons to be honest I really almost don't have any if I were to say one is that it has a little bit I would say in the range of five to ten percent of that dated vibe but it's hard for me to even say that's a con because I enjoy this fragrance so so much and I get so so little of it and this fragrance is almost even convincing me to try more fragrances with that classic kind of smell to it. I'm not really sure what it is probably probably the lavender or patchouli one of its two it just has a little bit of a classic vibe and then it's also not super super cheap. I think this fragrance was about a hundred dollars maybe like a hundred and ten-ish USD I don't know about other prices but I'll have to retest it so it's not super super cheap but I almost feel it's fair for how high quality this fragrance is because like I said I haven't really smelled anything like it it's really strong projection it's really clean and it almost dances in between a niche and a designer I just like it that much. Smell rating I'd give this a solid 8.5 if I was more into those classic scents probably into a 9 because this is just so ritzy high class enjoyable strong projection I like it. Likeability I'm probably going to give it an 8 to an 8.5 it definitely has just a strong masculine vibe to it and again a little bit of that dated vibe which is probably going to turn the smallest bit of people off but it also might bring people in because there's a lot of people who like that kind of DNA so I'm going to have to go with solid 8 for likeability and then longevity and projection I would give this a solid I'm kind of floating in between 8 to an 8.5 this has very very very good projection but the fragrance is really bad I will rate it as low as like a 4.5 to a 5 so when a fragrance is average you know I go 7 7.5 so this is a definite 8 maybe even 8.5 very good projection really enjoyed this fragrance and it's highly recommended if you're a little bit of an older gentleman I would say you know anybody could like this fragrance maybe you would but I would say somebody 35 plus this would be perfect for if you want a classic gentleman's fragrance kind of balancing some of the new aspects of fragrances with the classic aspects but anyways guys we're on the road of 50,000 subscribers and I could not do it without any of you guys help you guys are the best I'm having a great day out here hopefully having a great day at home see you all in the next video peace


Yeah, so plastics pollution in the oceans is unfortunately a terrible reality. We are surrounded by plastics and most of these plastic waste items are highly buoyant, which allows them to move for thousands of miles, causing a heavy toll on wildlife. So the ocean cleanup is really the first ever project of this scale to rid the oceans of plastic. And so cleaning these garbage patches with conventional methods like vessels or nets would take centuries and it would cost billions of dollars. So the ocean cleanup developed a 600 meter long floating tube with a 3 meter skirt underneath catching up on all the plastics and collecting it. And this without endangering wildlife out there.  So the way Iridium became involved in this, I've got to give a lot of credit to Boyan Slat who is the genesis behind this effort. Boyan came to our offices here and he had a technical solution that was very impressive. When we studied the project with the ocean cleanup team, it was no brainer for us that we wanted to play part in it. So Iridium's involvement is pretty significant in this project. The system is outfitted with Iridium's pilot providing its open port service. This system requires constant communications. It's floating in the ocean so it needs anti-collision systems to avoid other ships that are passing by. The operators are comfortable and confident that the Iridium system is going to allow them to be in constant communication with their system. The ocean cleanup system is a passive system that moves by the forces of nature, the wind, the currents. And so reliable coverage is really key. And Iridium can support the ocean cleanup systems wherever they go. Secondly, if you look at the oceans, it's a harsh environment. There's strong winds, there's several meter waves, there's a heavy rain condition. So especially in these weather conditions, real-time communication with the system is key. We rely on trusted and capable partners like AST who play a key role here in this project. And thanks to their value-added services like the Integra platform, the ocean cleanup can monitor in real-time what data flows are going back and forth to this autonomous system. Iridium is very involved in environmental and sustainability efforts around the globe. We're heavily involved in the polar regions. Our IoT systems are deployed on the ice sheets. They can measure the effects of climate change on the ice sheets themselves, the weather above the ice, and then they also measure and analyze and evaluate what's going on underneath the ice sheets. We also, our IoT systems are heavily deployed around the globe. That's also used to analyze salinity levels to detect what some of the pollution levels might be in the different areas around the world. So the new surface technology is exciting in many ways. It will establish a new gold standard in albant communications in terms of reliability, performance and affordability. And so the ocean cleanup is going to take advantage of the new surface services as they are scaling up the project to 60 systems by 2021. We think we can make a difference with this project and we think with our unique capabilities we provide the fundamental communications that this system needs in order to be successful.


Despite concerns about the economy, Spotify's fourth-quarter numbers show that people throughout the world are still eager to pay for music enjoyment. With monthly active users up 20% year-over-year, Spotify's fourth-quarter statistics handily exceeded projections. Despite the company's advertising gross margin being thin and negatively impacting bottom line earnings, revenue increased easily. After making significant investments for a year, it is thought that Spotify is in a good position to increase operating leverage and platform monetization in the near future. As the first month of the year came to a close, Spotify released its fourth-quarter financial results. The good news for investors is that the results exceeded all expectations. The company handily exceeded listener and subscription expectations despite worries about global consumer spending, with monthly active users gaining 20% year-over-year and premium paid subscribers rising an outstanding 14%. In actuality, Spotify's monthly net additions to active users were $33 million, a quarterly record high and $10 million more than expected. I wouldn't get too hung up on Spotify's lack of profitability, even while headlines may be focusing on the company's $231 million in operational losses. As investments in its podcasting business were stepped down, gross margin in the quarter exceeded projections. Although it might seem unfavorable, Spotify's podcasting market is still developing and requires less money to achieve viewing and engagement targets. In fact, despite the decline in podcast investments, this area of the business continued to expand at the greatest rate, with podcasting income increasing by more than 30% annually. Spotify should be able to more easily push toward continuous profitability in the future with less investment and podcasting over the following couple of years, together with a decrease in corporate overhead costs.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here since I'm about scream sick in this video here again today I just wanted to talk about Samara weaving and what her role will be in scream six going off of what clips it said now Clips comprehend over on Twitter. We know the person that many people are deciding or picking and choosing what they want to believe What they don't think is real what is true? He has revealed the name of Jossi Gehr's character who knows now David Coleman allegedly But he also the more interesting thing for a lot of people was teasing the fact that Samara weaving could be playing This character's friend in the movie and they both seem to be struggling actors Well, at least David is anyway, so we won't know if Samara's characters are struggling actress So a lot of people are not like what is she an actress in potentially?  If anything it might be a nod to scream three since scream three was about a a film cast being killed by a Ghostface killer who was out, you know as we found out in the movie trying to get revenge on his half-sister, but Samara's character probably most likely is going to be something that if you're someone who's Expecting her to be on screen for a lot of this keep in mind You have Hayden Pantier back that people want to see a lot from her You already have Courtney Cox people want to see a lot from her you have Neve Campbell who many people again Are kind of off and on with this I still believe she will be in the movie You have people who want to see Neve Campbell and want to see her the most Some people don't care because she's not in it and then you have people who actually do care about the new cast Sam Tara and Mindy Chad and they understand that by introducing those characters in screen five You need to now focus on them much more because in five They weren't focused on as much as you thought they might have been Tara's friends weren't really all that well developed as Strongly as they could have been but now we have a chance to explore that in screen six So why waste that by then turning it into a Kirby centric narrative or you know some other Centric narrative that's not tied to Sam and Tara, you know stick to what you've already done stay committed to the characters that you've created and give the fans of The characters that have already been here since previous entries what they want by at least writing some strong compelling roles for those characters But then you also have the newcomers like again Samara weaving who people want to see a lot of her from because there is that Other bit of information out there where we all know she was supposed to be a part of screen five That's what they wanted but scheduling made that not happen Some people I don't even know if this is actually straight up confirmed But the belief is that she was supposed to potentially probably be Sam at one point or another So so some people think they only swapped like races for the character because Samara couldn't do it I mean, I don't think that's what happened if it is what happened. So what? My whole thing is Samara weaving while I would love to see a lot of her in screen six I don't see that happening the cast is so packed and there's so much that needs to be done with other important characters Samara weaving is not coming in playing a known character. She's coming in playing somebody we're about to meet So I don't think you're gonna get a lot with her because there's so much more that's needed for Sam Tara Kirby Gale Chad Mindy the potential presence of Sydney so much stuff that needs to be done with our already established cast That people who are going for Samara weaving you might be a little disappointed Samara weaving most likely will be playing a friend who and if if this character of David is hitting on Sam's character in the movie Let's say that there might be some tension probably between Sam and Tara. Maybe Maybe the character of Samara will be someone who's interested in David And she becomes jealous or gets mad at their neighbor because of the fact that David is showing more interest in Sam when she wants David to show interest in her Maybe they're working on a movie together too because if they are indeed working on a new stab entry Maybe something about that movie and maybe it's potentially based on the events of screen five Perhaps that's what's happening and because of that plot line They find out that that the woman Sam Carpenter is staying in New York And maybe that's why David wants to get close to her because he either Actually genuinely likes the girl or maybe he just wants to get close to the girl to help him with whatever role He's playing in this new stab movie. That's based on the events of screen five because I also want to throw this out there I know some people think he might be the killer Going off of his clothes that he wears to wearing a similar pattern that we've seen Jill wear Billy wear some other people That is kind of like now a thing where people like oh if they wear that they're the killer What if he's wearing that because he's playing Richie didn't Richie wear something like that in screen five He could be playing Richie in this new stab movie based on the events of screen five So maybe he just wants to get closer to Billy Loomis his actual daughter and thinks that that will help him perform better on Screen in this new stab movie, but Samara's character would just be a jealous bystander and all this She probably will have honestly like Rebecca level screen time Rebecca from screen four that is the amount of screen time I would expect some are we going to have if she has more than she just has more I would love to see as much as some are weaving as we possibly can what I do not want is to have so much screen time of One particular person that was not present for the last movie That it feels as though they are getting far too much screen time Then the important components to the narrative that are gonna push the plot forward We don't need that you need to focus on Sam Tara Kirby if she is important Gale if she is important Focus on all of the important things Samara weaving unfortunately I don't think is going to be a very important factor of this movie now She ends up being ghost face obviously then I'm just flat out wrong because obviously ghost face is very important I don't think that Samara will end up being ghost face Some people even I think clips at one point laughed at someone who thought that they wouldn't bring in Samara for a small role after not being able to get her for five. Why would they not why would they not they brought They they might honestly again be bringing her in because that's how badly they wanted her for five Even if they were originally going to have a more important role for her in five They can't do that now because that role probably went to someone else or because plans just changed time Plans change over time and they just simply want to have her because they wanted her at one point for five So at least come in and do a couple scenes for us in six Doesn't mean that just because they got her that she's going to be some important character I don't even expect her to be an important character I would love for her to have a lot of screen time where she is maybe Intertwined into the survivors going forward. I just don't see it happening We have so many survivors in this movie as it is that are gonna need to have Some story lines developed between them all to the point where you know these newcomers Samara Samara We've been in someone like Tony revelori Just because they're cast in the movie and they got announcements doesn't mean they're gonna have these Grand old roles now, of course Samara could have her Jennifer moment She could have her Jennifer moment and she could become a fan favorite as far as like supporting cast members of screen movies are Cons are referred to or concerned about I just don't think Samara will have that big of a role I think she'll have something very minor probably have maybe five minutes of screen time max Let me know just think about all this down in the comment section below if you have an array Of course make sure you subscribe turn on post notifications at never miss a video in the description I will have links on the social media accounts. I'm on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there, of course to let me know if there are any movies news or views You'd like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next