What's up guys? We're back with another insane video. Today I'm opening all of the 2005 Yu-Gi-Oh! 10s for 60,000 subs. It's the moment we've all been waiting for. All six 10s. One video. We did this with 2002. We did this with 2003. Now it's time for 2005. If you have 2004, hit me up. But these are the 10s we'll be opening. We'll be opening. The Panther Warrior. The Vorserator. Xerion Universe. Guilford the Lightning. The one and only Dark Magician Girl. The most expensive 10 of the lot. And finally, the Rocket Warrior. All six in this video. Sit back, relax, grab your popcorn. Here we go. But before we get started with this video, we're doing a special giveaway for 60,000. I'm giving away this Ultimate Rare Arm Dragon level 10 from OTS-15. A very new Ultimate Rare. But quite expensive. About $45. So you guys have a chance to win this one.  Let me know your favorite 10 from this video. That's it. Let's get into it. Let's start off with the first 10. Guilford the Lightning 10. Let's see. You can see how old these are. This used to be a sticker right there. They're nice and dirty. Let's see if we can get a nice promo out of these. So let's get our cutting device out here. Okay, let's open this up. First 10 from the 2005 10s. Hopefully we can get something epic. The packs in here are a little bit weird. There's like dark beginning, dark revelation, I think. There's some GX packs. So there's some strange ones, but it's going to be fun. First we have the promo, Guilford the Lightning. Let's check that out before we check out all these promos. First promo looks to be, oh wow, that's pretty good. Check that out, guys. Seagrower looks pretty good. I'm not seeing too much wrong with this one. Maybe like a little something there, but that's pretty good. Nearmint. Nearmint promo, guys. We got a Nearmint promo and it was the right promo. It wasn't like the blue eyes, but you can see it in the front. So obviously, but that's pretty awesome. We have five packs. We have dark beginning one, dark revelation one, soul of the dualist, rise of destiny and flaming eternity. These are all unlimited, I believe. Yes, these only come in unlimited. So that's pretty cool. Let's just go ahead and open them one at a time. So let's start off with the flaming eternity pack. This is going to be a longer video. So make sure you guys sit back and relax. It's going to be fun. Hopefully we get something cool. Maybe an awesome ultimate rare. I think you can only get rare oldies from these, not totally sure, but even if you can, there's some good ones in these sets. Flame ruler, whirlwind prodigy. We're not looking for a huge money back. We're not going to make our money back on this one. We're just looking for something cool. Arm samurai, Ben Kai and a feather of the phoenix to start it off. We're not going to start over 21 or whatever, like we did in the 2003 10 opening. You can go ahead and check that one out. The first time we ever did this, it was pretty crazy, but there is a super rare. That's a good start. We have a space mambo, hexile fusion and a firebird. Next pack, rise of destiny. Can we pull the corgi? Ultimate rare. I just bought one actually, finally. I've been meaning to get one for forever. A lot of you guys have tagged me in some and I finally did eventually buy one. Maybe we can pull an unlimited ultimate rare. I'd still take it. Creeping doomanta. Thank you guys again for 60,000. That's pretty amazing. Harpy lady two, tactical espionage expert. Element magician and a fuselard dragon, the dual mode beast. Okay, just a fuselard dragon. Fox fire. Ballista of rampart smashing. Next pack, we have soul of the dualist. Can we pull a Horus level four ultimate rare? That'd be pretty cool. That would be pretty cool. I would be a big fan. Here we go. Haid Hain. Not the Hain Hain, the Haid Hain, the tribute version. Crazy. Mind crush. Nobleman Eaterbug. Ninjutsu, Art of Decoy. Hammer shot, just a rare. Okay, just a rare. Horse of Servant and malice doll of demise. All right, we're down to the, uh, the reprint. These are the first reprints. This is the first one dark beginning one. So we're going to save it for the end. It does have a blue eyes potential in it. DR one can get a exodian neck cross, I think. It's kind of, I don't, there's not too much great stuff in this set, but it can get exodian neck cross, which would be pretty cool. You guys have seen the double neck cross pull. If you haven't, go ahead and check it out up in the eye. Here we go. Tip card and ease your mirage night. We're not going to read that right now. Grape Keeper's spy. That's a good one. Great Angus. These are much different texture than the other ones. Very slick. A man with widget. Yaku Gaia Panda. Koitsu. What is this? Okay, that's weird. Desk Koala, just a rare. Okay, dice, reroll, Curse of Aging, Ojomotrio, Sinrii, Incandescent Rodil and Metal Silver Armor. You can see they split them up monster trap magic. It's really, really weird. Okay, next pack, or the last pack of the first 10. We could pull Blue Eyes. We could pull Red Eyes, Summon Skull, Dark Magician. All these are in here. There are alternate arts in here, like the tablet art. A lot of people don't like that art, but I think it's pretty cool. Here we go. Setting normal spell cards. Armored Zombie, the classic. Very armored, very protected. Flame Manipulator. Grantee Yielder. Oh my, we were that close. We were that close to the legend. It's your mermaid. Oh, a Dark Sage Ultra Rare. That's one of the best ones. Dark Sage Ultra Rare. That is a great pull. That is so cool. This card originally came in the Dawn of Destiny promos. Super cool card. Check that card out. Big fan. That is a huge hit. Good start. Two foils in that 10. Nirmit Promo. I'm already loving this opening. I'm already loving it. And I'm just saying, in the 2002 10s and the 2003 10s, we pulled Blue Eyes build times. We could pull it out of Dark Beginning 1. We could pull Blue Eyes. So I'm feeling it. I'm feeling it. All right, the next 10 we're opening. Vorse Raider. Here we go. Can we match that last 10? That would be insane because the last 10 was super good. Two foils and a Nirmit Promo. If we get all Nirmit Promo's, I'm going to cry because that's just amazing. By the way, the guy I got this from, his name is Kid Collectibles on Instagram. He said he's trying to hit a thousand followers. So if you guys check out his Instagram, give him a follow. He hooked me up with these. So there you go. Let's get this. This is some tight wrapping though. All right. Promo. Vorse Raider. Here we go. Let's get a nice one. The Vorse Raider is, okay, is it bent? It might be a little bit warped in a weird way, but other than that, super clean. So so far, these promos are knocking it out of the park. I had two of these back in the day, the Vorse Raiders, because 1900 attacks. So super awesome. I was a big beatdown guy that's all I pretty much did. I didn't know how to play otherwise. I was like, trap cards beat down pretty much one every time in the, you know, in the schoolyard and stuff. All right. So fantastic start to this video. Absolutely fantastic start to the 60K video. Speaking of, if you're watching this and not subscribed, I mean, come on, guys, come on, just do it. Just so we're already at 60K. Why not just be at 60K and one other subscriber? Okay. Let's continue on insect night. This is a 1900, 1500, had this one in my deck as well. Magi Garapanda. I've pulled this in Ultimate Rare before. I think we pulled that into every pack opening, actually. He had a Nephys DD Dynamite and the Golem Sentry. First back, DUD. Rise of Destiny. Do Koichi, please. I've been asking you for so long. Can you show up in the 60K, I almost said 20K video. 60K video. Here we go. Back to square one. Lighten the load. Harpy Lady 2. Let's do this. Pull in Ultimate Rare. Creeping Dune Manta and Big Core. Okay. It's not an Ultimate Rare, but it is a Super Rare. So we'll take that. That is a foil. That's a foil card. And that's what we're looking for. Super Rare, Big Core. So far, these 10s have not disappointed. Okay. We got Harpy Lady 3 and 1 and Buck Koichi.  Not the Koichi, the Buck Koichi. Next pack. Soul of the Duelist. Ultimate Rare Horus. Ultra Rare Horus. Anything Horus is what we want. You can get a Rare Horus before. I guess we don't really want that, but it's not a bad Rare. All right. Red Eyes Beach Egg. Let's do this. Like button for luck, guys. Hit the Like button right now. Taunt. Unshaving Angler. I remember using this card when I would duel myself. Yeah, I know. Sandwich. Check it out. Sangannon, which is Black Forest. Make that Sandwich. Here we go. We called it. I said anything Horus and we got a Horus Level 6 Super Rare. Wow. Not the Ultimate Rare, but we will take that Super Rare. What a card, guys. Look at that head. That is very small. It looks just tiny. Look at that. That's pretty awesome. We will take that Horus Level 6. What an amazing opening so far. We've got two Super Ares in this 10. Heavy Slump, dude. You got to chill out. It's coming out your nose. Coming out your eyes. Bro, that's not good. That is not good. All right. Two more packs. Dark Revelation 1. Don't even know what we want from here besides Exodium Necross. Hopefully something will shock us and just appear. Tip card number 17. The oppressed people with 2,000 defense. Man, you got to be careful. Those oppressed people are pretty strong. Panemonium Watch Bear. Amazonas, Paladin, nice. Cure you. Great Phantom Thief. Tribe. That's actually a very good Rare. That's expensive. I think it's like four or five dollars at least. Checkmate. My body is a shield. Okay. Very good Rare. We will take that. That's a very, very good Rare. This card has not been printed much, been printed in MFCDR1 and I think a common in a starter deck and that's like it. Final pack of 10 number two guys. We still have four more 10s after this so make sure you hang around. Watch the whole video because hopefully the pulls will continue like this. Hopefully the promos will continue to be minty. Thank you guys for being here for 60K. It's an awesome celebration. Here we go. Right on with the Forbidden One. That's awesome. We got to put those aside. Hey, hey. Gradius. Maybe we'll get the whole Exodium. Can we get the Exodium head? Come on. Causigin. Nice. That's a nice comment. Red archery girl. Swordsman of Lansdowne actually had to appear. Axe of Despair. Okay. Yeah, see in DB1 they didn't do the whole like trap magic thing or whatever. We will take that Forbidden One piece though. They didn't pop up as much as they do in Dark Legends. Dark Legends, they literally were like Exodia is everywhere. You will get every single Exodia piece. It's crazy. There are just tons of them. So there we go. Nice DB1 pack. Two foils in that tin. That's pretty good. Nirmant promo. We'll take that. Tin number three. We have the Panther Warrior. Joey Wheel is going to be opening this one up. Okay. No, I'm not talking like that. It's all time. I'm not going to do it. I know you guys. I know. Some of you guys wanted me too. Some of you guys were about to turn off the video. I'm not going to do it. I'm like, okay, maybe a couple of times. We'll see. We'll see how it goes. We'll see how Joey, how much we need Joey. We need his luck because I mean if you ever needed luck, Joey's the guy. If they opened trading cards in the actual, in the actual game, Joey's your man. He would have pulled some absolutely fire stuff. All right, Panther Warrior. All right, finally got that off. We have a, oh my goodness. These promos are incredible. Nirmant, at least Panther Warrior. These promos look fantastic. So far, we are killing it. Okay. Get our packs out. All right. So far, so good on the polls on the promos. Let's keep it going. We still have 20 more packs to open in this video. Yeah. Six tins. Every tin from 2005. Yeah. This is insane. This is awesome. I love doing this. Hopefully we can do 2004 at some point until 2006. So that's Cyber Dragon. It's a lot of cool stuff. Refusion. Rescue Cat. Great poll. This is a very nice common. Set that aside. Good Goblin Housekeeping. Oh, Ultimate Rare. Shadow Slayer. I pulled this one before out of 2005 tin. That's awesome. Ultimate Rare. Let's check it out. Condition on these cards is so good. This might actually be a PSA tin. Wow. Check that card out. Shadow Slayer, Ultimate Rare. Really cool card. I mean just look at it. Looks very sweet. Not to mention we got the best common in the set in the same pack. So yeah, this is a good tin. Wow. That's great. So we now have an Ultra Rare. We have an Ultimate Rare. We have two Super Rares. We've got some good commons. This is going very well. Okay. Rise of Destiny. These promos have all been near mint. I mean, it's like I'm dreaming. This is like I'm dreaming, guys. The only way this dream could get better, do Koichi and Blue Eyes. Those two cards right there. Here we go. Element Magician. Harpy's Hunting Ground. Mind Hacksawks. Harpy Girl. You guys love this one. Oh, this is the Uncensored one, because you see that? That normally there's Spandex all the way up on that. And the Declus of Command Meme. Yeah. Pitchfart Warwolf and Moki Moki King. So this, I think this Harpy Girl is actually worth a little bit. So we're going to sleeve this one up. Very nice. Three more packs in this tin. Soul of the Duelist. We pulled an Ultimate Rare already. Let's pull another one. Horus. Dark Mimic Level 1 is not a bad card either. Dark Mimic Level 1. Mind Crush. Mind Wipe. Okay. Red Eyes Beach Shake. That's a super cool card. And Hammer Shot. Just a rare, okay. Ultimate Baseball Kid. So if you want to play some baseball, there you go. Neo Occamador and Mass Dragon. Not Beast. I actually really like Soul of the Duelist. I like a lot of those cards. Dark Revelation 1. Here we go. Let us pull from the Revelation of the Dark. Lots of cards in this pack. Apprentice Magician. Cool card. Cobra Jar. Dark Scorpion. Minneta Thorn. Kellbeck. Guardian Trice. Acrobat Monkey. Butterfly Dragon. Elma. Okay. The Band card. Is this still banned? I think it still is, right? All right. The final pack of our third tin. The halfway point after this one. Oh wow. That is some squeak. I kind of not like that squeak. Okay. Final one for the third tin. We are almost halfway through. Tip card number 17. Is that the second time we've pulled that? Urabi. Right. I like it for being one. Nice. Four Star Ladybug of Doom. The Reaper of the Cards. Sinjua the Thousand Hands. Giant Rat. Okay. Fairy Box and pay for that. And Tuna Roll. Cool. So we did get another Exotic piece. Nothing crazy. We already pulled the Dark Sage from that. So, DB1's already doing pretty good. So we're not complaining. All right. Three more tins. Xerion Universe. This is the controversial goat card. Is this card legal and goat? Is it not? Let me know your opinions down below. If you made it to whatever minute mark we are, it's 18 minutes right now, but it's probably going to be edited down quite a bit. Because there's a lot of opening, a lot of pausing, stuff like that. But let me know if you made it to this point. And what you think about Xerion, if you know about that dilemma. Okay. There we go. The issue is basically Xerion was released in a weird point. It's like whether or not it was okay. I think it was after that ban list they usually play. So it's mostly not allowed, I think. Okay. Xerion Universe. Let's check the promo. Really cool card. 1,819 are just super strong four star. Beautiful condition. You got to love the condition of these. This is great. I'm loving this. I'm loving this. Now DMG, please DMG. That'll be the one that's scuffed. I mean I'm just going to go ahead and jinx myself now. Five packs here from the Xerion 10. Here we go. Play me eternity. FET. Pull us some fire. Pull us some ulti's. Maju Gyar Panda. Abare Ushiononi. Ushioni. Be Soul Swamp. Spell absorption. Threatening Roar. Poison Fangs and Divine Dragon. Ragnarok. Such a random 1500 normal. Rise of Destiny. So far Rise has not given us. Hasn't given us a foil yet? I don't think so. Rise is like one of the only ones. Maybe Dark Revelation. So we know that FET has done pretty good for us. Soul of the Duelist has given us something. DB1 has given us something. So all those for sure. Spell for your purification. Muddy Goat. Mirage Dragon. Harvey Sending Ground. Ultimate Rare. 18. Trap Disposal Unit. I always get this one. I don't ever get this one. This guy's pretty cheap, but definitely a really nice looking card. I mean, just those goober smacks over there. Moving stuff around. It's like, is that like Soitsu and all of them? It's pretty funny. Yeah. So that's a nice pull. Pitch Shark War Wolf. Fox Fire. Invasion of Chaos. So two, Invasion of Chaos. Two Ultimate Rears out of, what have we opened? 18, 17 packs? It's really good. Really good. If we pull another one, that's crazy. Next pack, the Soul of the Duelist. Lot of cool potential cards in here. We have the Fusion Weapon. The Skull Dog, Marin. A sad dog. A lost dog that wandered off 1,000 years ago. Still waiting for his master to come for it. That will tug at your heartstrings. Arm Dragon. Level three. There's the Arm Dragons, if you'd like the newest set. Cemetery Bomb. Arm Dragon, level five. Okay, we got two Arm Dragons. Horse of Servant, that's nice. Let's just pretend like that didn't happen, because I'm getting a little creeped out right now. Dark Revelation 1. Let's pull something cool. I don't think we've pulled a four out of Dark Revelation 1, either, have we? Have we? So that's got to change. That's got to change right here. We've got a tip card, number 45. The Magical Plant, Magical Golden. Magical Golden. Karma, the Shop, the Desperil. Okay. Helping Robo for combat. Master Keonchi. Grave Keeper's Guard, nice comment. Another Elma. We're just going to pull Elma every time. Kaiser Colosseum, that used to be a good card. I just remember that, because Old School Expert would always pull it out when he was opening. This was like ages ago. So I don't think it's good anymore. I'm talking like 2012. Very old, very old videos. All right, DB1. Blue Eyes, White Dragon. Like button for luck, guys. For 60K, the Blue Eyes, White Dragon. Let's do this, Blast Juggler. Sword Hunter. Skull Serpent, nice. He Tatsumi Giant. It's definitely darker than normal. Harpy's Brother, not Sky Scout. And here we go. Is this it? No, Tune Mermaid. All right, we've still got a chance.  Minor Goblin Fish, that's your Short Print and Pharaoh Serpent. Toll, oh gosh. If you guys have seen The Duelz with Gezi, check that out. That's a great playlist. I know, ignore the background noise. Yeah, it was bad. But yeah, the background music, or not music, the background noise and that was terrible. And it got like 60,000 views. And I was like, great. Now everyone's going to think that I have background noise in all my videos. Okay, next one we have Rocket Warrior. This is number five, guys. So we pulled an Ultimate in that, right? That was it. Nirmit Promo Ultimate Rare. That's considered a successful 10. Definitely. Yeah, I don't want to jinx it, but these 10s have been pretty good. So to anti-jinks, hit the like button. And subscribe if you're not. If you subscribe, that means anti-jinks. All right, Rocket Warrior. Don't end the streak here. Don't end the streak. Come on, do not end the streak.  There we go. Rocket Warrior, beautiful card. Beautiful card so far. Back looks fantastic. Oh my gosh, the pressure's all on DMG. If there's any way to even get close to making my money back, it's DMG grading a PSA 10. So even having a chance is moibueno, very good. Five packs. We still have 10 packs left in this opening. I hope you guys have had it. I hope your popcorn's been delicious, buttery, salty. Unless you don't like butter and salt, then I hope it was bland, boring. Just the way you like it. I hope it's been good. But let's try and pull something crazier, guys. Be soul swamp. Element Valkyrie. Refusion. Rescue Cat, that's great. And if... Oh, a Phoenix Wing Wind Blast, guys. This is a card I did not own at all because all the printings for this is stuff I never open. And that's actually a great card for Goat. So that's actually really good. I had no copies of it. I actually bought some from TCGplayer because I didn't. But now we have a Minty one and a Rescue Cat, that's great. Yeah, Ultimate Rare Phoenix Wing Wind Blast would be the dream now. Now that I remember that that's in there, if we pull that, I'm gonna cry. Crying a good way, by the way. Three more... Four more packs. Four more packs in here. We got Rise of Destiny. Come on, Takuchi. I believe in you, you choo-choo train. Come on. Come out for the birthday party of 60,000... Okay, not a birthday, but, you know. Zings... Oh, gosh. Bad memories. And you know what? Somebody hated this card just like I did back in the day. All right, by back in the day, I mean dual links two years ago. Okay, Rock from the Valley of Haze. Nightmare Pig one. A Monkeyless. The Alchemic Beast. Ooh, guys, so I thought that was an Ulti for a second. Harpy Lady one. We have pulled that as an Ulti before and Fruit's Kizaki studies. I think that was against Team Sam when we pulled that as an Ulti, so you guys can check that video out. I've probably linked way too many videos now. You think you can only do five? Five for like four hours. So if we make this like an eight-hour video, we can link a few more. But yeah, we'll link a few of them. Ooh, already a good start. We've got to level up. That's a great foil. That's a great card. Now, can we pull an Ultimate Rare Horus level four? Let's do this. Or Arm Dragon level five. That'd be all. We have pulled that against Yugi on 2019. I won't link that one. No Maneater Bug because it was cringe, but you guys can go find it. What in the world did I do my finger? You guys see this? Pack opening is dangerous. That's all I can tell you. Cemetery Bomb. Arm Dragon level three. That's a sign. This is an Ultimate Rare. Arm Dragon level five, baby. Oh, it's so close. Arm Dragon is a regular. Well, Arm Dragon level five. Okay. All right. That was close. That was almost awesome. Two more packs. Dark Revelation. Still no idea what we want from here besides Necross because it hasn't given us anything. I think you can pull Shinado, maybe. That would be, yes, you can, because that's where my bit was from. It's from DR-1. Okay. That's what we want. Number 33. We got a Cyber Raider. Wing Sage Falkus. Nightmare Horse. You don't see this card very often. It's in Ferranic Guardian. Pretty interesting art. Pretty cool. Iron Blacksmith Kotetsu. Great Fever's Curse. I just love these names. Paladin of White Dragon. We got a super. This is a very cool card. The art on this is very cool. The head of the blue eyes paladin guy. Very weird. Very weird. It kind of looks like a peanut. Let me just check it out. Peanut Dragon. The Paladin of Peanut Dragon. So pretty cool. Pretty nice super rare pull. We'll take that. We finally broke the streak. Pulled something decent out of there. Dragged down the grave. Shinado's arc grew that close. One more pack from this tin. Blue Eyes, White Dragon. We're summoning you. Blue Eyes. Red Eyes. Dark Magician. Summon Skull. All of these are options in this pack. We already pulled Dark Sage. So we could pull Seigo on it. I wouldn't mind. Tip card number 23. Like Lebron James. Hit Tatsumi Giant. Harpy's Brother. Twin Mermaid. Here we go. Blue Eyes, White Dragon. Ginzo number 7. Griggle. Shining of this. Magic drained the enthusiasm out of me right now. That's... Oh, infinite cards. We'll take that. That's a good common. And it's come to this. The final. The final tin. Dark Magician Girl. I'm going to break open this like $500 tin. Or maybe even more at this point. I don't know. Very expensive. But we're cutting it open. Promo, please. Do not be the one that ruins this streak. Dark Magician Girl. I believe in you. I believe in you. So far. Wait. What are we pulling that one? We pulled one foil or two? Wait, I'm going to have to look. All right. Yeah. Just one foil on that one. Oh, we did pull one. Okay. Oh, no. Okay. I don't think it damaged the card yet. Look at that. Of course. On the Dark Magician Girl one. Please. Please. Please. Please. Did it damage the corner? Okay. Front looks good. Did it damage that corner? Back looks good. It might have barely touched it, but I think it's fine. Wow. It's actually Nirmit. Wow. Wow. Talk about insane tins. Beautiful promos. Are you kidding me, guys? We went six for six on Nirmit promos. That's like impossible. That's almost impossible if you guys have watched me open tins. But that's what happens when you put plastic there and don't put it on the freaking back. Okay. Five more packs. We've had incredible pulls, I'd say. Very good. Can we get another Ultimate Rear? Can we get a Blue Eyes? The goal here. Phoenix Wing, Wind Blast. Make it happen, guys. Okay. We infuse the energy. Here we go. Infuse the energy. Phoenix Wing, Wind Blast. Ultimate Rear. Here we go. This is my call. Phoenix Wing, Wind Blast, Ultimate Rear. Takoichi, Ultimate Rear. Horus, Level 4, Ultimate Rear. Exodian, Necrosse, and Blue Eyes. That's what we're pulling in this tin. The most insane ending of all time. Here we go. The Light Hexdale Fusion. Hyena. It's like Lion King. Abare Ushioni. Elemental Burst. Here we go. Let's start off hot. King Dragon. Okay, Dragon, Dragon. Dragon. This is a very nice card. Used in Goat. The Ultimate Rear is very expensive. So that's a very good super to pull. While it is not the Ultimate Rear, Phoenix Wing, Wind Blast. We will take that, though. That is amazing. Good start to the final tin. Hope you guys are enjoying this video, guys. This has been incredible. Really awesome, actually. Rise of Destiny. Ultimate Rear. Here we go. Takoichi. We can still get that call right. I've been calling it for weeks. Calling it for years. Rock from the Valley of Haze. Definitely got nicked up. He got beat up. He got in a fight. Harpy Girl. Another one. We'll take that. Mind Hacksawks. Harpy Sending Ground. Here we go, baby. Believe in the heart of the cards. Dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun. Divine Wrath. Super Rare. Beautiful. Two for two on this opening. Our tin. But yeah, just Supers. Just Supers. Nothing too crazy. But we'll take that. We also got the Harpy Girl. Three more packs. Soul of the Dualist. Believe in the heart of the packs. I have the Soul of the Dualist.  That's how we roll as a dualist. You're not a dualist if you don't duel every second of every day. Skull Dog Maren. Unshaving Angler. Taunt. Here we go. Horus. Sandwich. And. Okay. Innovating Mist. All right. Dark Revelation 1. Let's go. Let's get to where it really matters. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Last time we pulled a foil, we pulled a Super Rare. It's time for the Ultra. The highest rarity in the set. We've got a little butt. Guardian Bow. Luster Dragon. Neil Main King. Actually a side go-kart. We'll take that. DD Trainer. Magical Merchant. Another go-kart. Dramatic Rescue. Are you kidding me right now? Shooting a Star Bow Seal? Are you kidding me right now? All right. Final pack of Destiny. The Dark Beginning 1. Blue Eyes, White Dragon. Please. Please show yourself. I believe in you. I believe in the heart of the cards. The tip card. Number 33. Larry Bird. Electric Snake. I told you I'm breathing the heart of the cards. Pecaneal Moth. The most powerful card in all of Yu-Gi-Oh. You know it's slime. Here we go, baby. Let's do this. Last pack magic. Hero Shadow Scout. Koji Koji. Are you kidding me? We finished with the greatest card in all of Yu-Gi-Oh. Okay. Yeah, but that's it. That's all 30 packs. All six tens. That was an absolutely awesome opening, guys. Let's go over what we got in the opening. First of all, most importantly from this opening, we pulled six near-mint promos. Every promo from 2005 is near-mint. Probably going to grade all of these. Hopefully we'll get some nines and tens. That'd be awesome. Especially the Dark Magician Hero. That's a very expensive card. And then from our pulls, we got a ton of nice cards. We got a bunch of comments. We got a couple of Zodiac pieces to rescue cats. Two Harpy Girls Uncensored. The Infinite Cards. Patine Glomoth. Neomane King. Magical Merchant. Then for rares, we got a Phoenix Wing Limbats. Nice card. Not too expensive. Tribe Infecting Virus. Good Value. Nice card. Then for supers, we got Horus. Awesome. Big Core. Feather of the Phoenix. Paladin of White Dragon. That's cool. Divine Wrath. King Dragon. One Ultra Rare. Dark Station DB1. That's one of the best cards in the set, so that's really awesome. And then two Ultra Rare. Shadow Slayer. A Team Trap Sposial Unit. Overall, absolutely incredible. Way better than I expected from these 10s. The packs aren't that great. There isn't that many crazy pulls. So we actually got really good pulls for that. And then we got amazing 10s. So that was really awesome. I'm really happy with it. Hope you guys enjoyed this long video at 60,000. Make sure you subscribe if you have not already. I appreciate all you guys that do that. Check out my TCG player in eBay affiliate links below. Or become a member if you want to support me. I appreciate all you guys that do that. And that's it for this video. I'll see you guys later. Peace. Boom.


This is a bright line from the collision conference in Toronto, and I'm delighted to have Poppy Crumb with me from the Dolby Lab. Do you live in California? I am. I'm here from San Francisco. It's great to be here in Toronto. Poppy today has two good presentations, one about AI and technology and how it really helps us to understand other people. And another one about how we interact with each other, how we build trust, how we build teams. And this is especially also interesting for us that we are promoting project management because we build trust teams, we build trust customers. So, tell us a little bit how, you know, your insights and your developments could help us project managers to be a better leader. Oh, well, so my, the talk here, one of my talks was, I think the title was the technology of storytelling. But in fact, you know, in my role, so I'm chief scientist at Dolby Laboratories. I'm also an adjunct professor at Stanford University. But some of the things we've been looking at and we've realized is, you know, the amalgamation of sensors in our environments, paired with machine learning and AI, the understanding of human, the human individual, and what we're experiencing, our emotions, our stressors, our cognitive efforts, is becoming much richer that we can, that our technology can know.  But one of the things that is really unique and special about us is because we work with such rich emotional content, we actually learn a lot about human experience and the ways that you can touch a human, reach a human experience. I'm a neuroscientist by training, that's how I spent much of my life in computational neuroscience, and I've been in the technology space now for nine to ten years. And one of the things that I think is really powerful today is understanding, you know, getting outside of one-size-fits-all technologies. And really instead thinking about how you optimize, or at least you bring to your culture, you bring to your technology a personalized experience that really lets you bring out the best of each individual and put together the best teams. Some of the things I talked about in my talk today were the ways that, you know, information we can learn. We can know if someone's, you know, cognitive, they're having to work hard, their brain is working harder in one context, one environment over another. How do we change that to keep people in the places where they're optimized? You know, how do we get that information and really change it so we can use information about how someone's eye might be dilating, which gives us an indicator of their cognitive effort. We can use even the breath that we exhale, right? The chemical composition changes with your emotions and your feelings. We look at the thermal signatures of individuals to understand their feelings, their emotions. And I think what's really powerful though is that we get to move into a space of building teams and experiences, in our case, translating the emotions of a creator where we really know what someone's experiencing and we get to sort of elevate that in their spaces and through their technology. One of the things I talked about was how we communicate together. There's so much underway to capture sentiment analysis of individuals, not at our company, but through other companies. But one thing that we looked at at Dolby that I think has huge application to so many different groups is what it means to simply be social creatures and the things that happen to us in very powerful positive ways when we're in the same place together like we are at this conference where there are what, 25,000 of us in the same environment. But for us that's why going to a cinema has a powerful experience. So what we've been able to show there that is really transformative is the idea that okay, when we're having emotional experiences or we're capturing a powerful thought or a sort of story that someone's trying to tell us, we look at the neural and biological signatures of people when they're together, not interacting but just in the same space or alone. And look at how coherent their brains are, their neural signatures. We're using electroencephalograms and we're using biometrics and people synchronize. Like when we're having powerful emotional experiences, we don't even need to be interacting verbally or physically. Just being in the same space are that energy, that information. It's enough to really team up in the cinema to have one joint experience. Absolutely. The biological signatures that may be non-over, but our bodies are picking up on. So what we're able to do through the technology of storytelling is to create technologies that amplify that, that enhance those signatures. And when you think about project management and putting together good teams, the culture of those teams is so rich in ways that you might not even realize how the health or the optimization is actually translating because for me this sort of basic science data that we're able to study and think about has application for why the cinema is always relevant, why we go to music shows, why we live shows, why we come to conferences. Exactly. It's so transformational compared to trying to get that same information online or in a virtual environment. It also has a lot of impact on healthcare and just the success of how we are as social humans that can bring the most creativity and the most positive impact transformation. What I personally experience in the project environment, working for instance with a team in India and a team in Germany and a team in Russia, what is always important that you have a joint tick off face to face where you can experience yourself as a group and build a team. So this reflects somehow to what we were saying. We have to be together and then some unconscious things happen. You know, the CO2 level in a room raises jointly. Absolutely. But do you have any ideas how we could speed up that process? That if we are together just for one or two days, maybe is that the kickoff situation? Which kind of tools could we use to improve the cohesion of the team? Create emotional impact. Because that's what we find is the more emotionally connected or emotionally impactful experiences, that's where you get the strong synchrony across individuals. So if you're even doing an off-site or you're doing something where you're trying to get those teams to come together, you really want to take them to that step. You want to take them to some place that touches those rich. So maybe it doesn't even have to be a joint activity but a joint video where we see something touching situations. Yeah, I get to say, even watching a movie will have a positive impact. Okay, that may be a good tip. So I think we could talk for forever in here, but thank you for coming here after that hard day and I hope you enjoyed the interview and enjoyed the rest of the presentation. Absolutely, thank you for having me.


Hi, good morning, everyone. If I could ask you to please take your seats. We are getting a little bit of a late start. Thank you so much for a braving gate traffic to be here this morning. My name is Michelle Perenzino. I teach in the strategy and policy department here at the Naval War College. Welcome to day two of the women peace and security symposium. Our first session is advancing women's meaningful participation in peace and security. Please welcome our panelists and our moderator, Ambassador Eric Nelson. He is the Associate Director of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. As US Ambassador in residence, he contributes a whole of government perspective to the Marshall Center's mission to educate, engage and empower security partners and leaders to collectively affect regional, transnational and global challenges. Thank you so much for being here, Ambassador Nelson. The floor is yours. Thank you, Michelle. Good morning all. How many do we have also online today so far. We have 16 participants online. Good. Well, we're a small group. Maybe we have more people in this new port traffic jam that I certainly didn't expect. But I want to begin by thanking our hosts at the US Naval War College for the invitation and to side of energy and for putting together a wonderful program. For us at the Marshall Center, it's a wonderful opportunity to engage with this community of experts and advocates to think about how we need to advance women peace and security, especially by mainstreaming it within what we teach. And it's a pleasure to be here at the war college to see Naval War College to see how you are leading that effort. I also want to thank all of the students and thank the commandant for inviting all of the students at the war college to join in this symposium. We hope, and we feel some pressure here on the panel to make this stimulating and interesting and we hope that it's going to stimulate your discussions in your courses and in your seminars to always be thinking about the gender angle, the gender factors, that this is not a WPS is not a nice to have, but it's too often a critical point of failure. At the Marshall Center, we are approaching WPS is critical part in the fundamental part of human security. All of us who are working to deliver security to our communities in our in our nations need to recognize and most of us do that security must involve all communities. No matter the person's identity and if we're not including all communities, we're not able to provide real security. I have a great opportunity to moderate a panel of real experts in, in, in women, peace and security. And I encourage you to read their papers if you haven't already, and we're going to get an excellent summary from each of them, about eight minutes long and a little rehearsed. And, but I just wanted to begin with a few overarching points that that I found, especially interesting from their, from their, their analysis. And one is that this is WPS is a good example of norm setting. If you look at the development of human rights. It wasn't until 1948 that the community of nations came together in New York at the United Nations to develop a universal declaration of human rights. And that was driven by the horrors of World War two. And that is a statement of what human rights consist of it's quite an expansion of the US bill of bill of rights. I would say it was led by Eleanor Roosevelt, the widow of the president, and has several articles but most importantly is art, most important is article three, which states that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person. And it's said that everyone is entitled to rights and freedoms regardless of sex, or any other status. So that was a critical setting of norms in, in, in our history. 52 years later, the UN Security Council resolution wanted to set new norms and make clear what the norms would be for women peace and security. Because if security is guaranteed to all their lessons of the 90s and genocide in the 90s, and continuing wars across the globe we're demonstrating that women especially were vulnerable. We have introduced UN Security Council very resolution 1325 and several since, which is have reform reinforced how we need to make very clear among ourselves that this is a norm. We all want to reach. Yeah, talks about the, the steps of diffusion of norms that you go through one is the emergence of the norm, which is the beginning when you have entrepreneurs and advocates saying, this is a principle that we should all be following then you have, move into a stage of cascade of those norms where the norm is adopted and accepted by states and other organizations, and then you move into implementation. Which is where those norms are promulgated through national action plans and agendas, and each of our panels today we talk about well how are we doing on the implementation what is what does meaningful participation of women in security look like. And here yesterday we heard that it was 11 years after the UN Security Resolution that the US finally developed its national action plan. So it took 11 years for 15 countries to move to the implementation stage. And there are still allies who do not have national action plans so this is very much work in progress. It's very much very. A continuing project where I don't think any of us are satisfied with project achieved and we're going to hear a lot about that from from this panel so let's begin with Colonel Dana Perkins of the US Army War College Dana has studied women in disarmament non-perflation and arms control. Thank you. Thank you Ambassador Nelson. I will discuss how to seemingly distinct frameworks for action the women disarmament non proliferation and arms control spearheaded by the UN General Security and the WPS agenda the UN Security Council started to converge and build on each other, and why it is important for the WPS practitioners to make stronger linkages between the two frameworks. In the short time I have, I will only illustrate this point with examples from the biological weapons non-proliferation regime. Since, in my opinion, this is a watershed moment in history in favor of international efforts to ensure global health security and in general the inclusion of more voices in governance, peace and security. A standard disclaimer here that my opinions are my own, and I assure you that I have lots of opinions on this topic. Particularly, crisis and disasters increase the risk of gender based violence and sex trafficking. This is also true for public health emergencies. A pandemic or any epidemic due to natural accidental or deliberate causes is bound to affect women more than most, as they represent 80% of the global workforce in health and social sectors, and almost 80% of single parents. A biological weapon would have a disproportionate adverse impact on women, which should be a call to action to increase the participation and decision making of women in the weapons and mass destruction treaty negotiations and national implementation. Not giving women a voice at the table where their faiths are decided means that the vital perspective is being lost. While there are still gaps in implementing WPS, there was also significant progress, both at the national and international level, whether on national action plans, foreign policies, legislation, the establishment of the WPS humanitarian assistance compact and the WPS focal points network. There are also annual WPS reports of the UN Secretary General of note the last year report notes that less than half of the national action plans on WPS includes specific actions on disarmament non proliferation and arms control. And I quote here, despite its importance for the realization of the women peace and security agenda. Personally, I found this surprising, considering that the eight resolutions from 2010 on on women disarmament non proliferation arms control promote shared tenets and similar principles as those in the WPS agenda, and come from the collective 293 UN member states in the General Assembly, compared to the 15 in the UN Security Council. Starting in 2013 and by annually from 2014, the UN Secretary General also publishes reports on the implementation of these resolutions, but voluntary contributions from member states are sparse usually about five to eight states. And also, there are reports from international organizations NATO also reported once in 2016. Notably the contributors are always emphasizing their WPS efforts and this is in my opinion a tremendous opportunity to highlight the linkages and synergy between the two frameworks. The understones of the global biological weapons non proliferation regimes are the biological weapons convention and the UN Security Council resolution 1540 on WMD non proliferation. The BWC has 185 states parties and ban an entire category of weapons and mass destruction. The states parties reach additional agreements and understanding at the review conferences which usually take place every five years. At the last review conference in December last year, 36% of states parties delegates or women, both civilian and military, combined and coming from diverse sectors, not only foreign affairs. Only 31% of participatory states parties at this review conference had a woman as the head of the delegation. This is consistent with trends from other BWC meetings as well as trends in other WMD treaty negotiations. In fact, this last review conference was the first review conference of the biological weapons convention where gender issues were given more attention in particular with regard to women's empowerment in support of strengthening the convention. However, in the end there was no consensus among states parties on inclusion of such language in the final document of the conference. Resolution 1540 adopted under chapter seven of the UN Charter in 2004 affirms that proliferation of nuclear chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery constitutes a threat to international peace and security. All UN member states have obligations under these resolutions to deny and not support non state actors from developing acquiring using nuclear chemical or biological weapons. The implementation of resolution 1540 is monitored by the 1540 committee which is comprised of diplomats representing the current composition of the UN Security Council. The 1540 committee is assisted by a group of experts nominated by states and selected by the UN Secretary General to assist the committee in carrying out its mandate, including the facilitation of assistance to improve the implementation of the resolution. The 1540 experts are the public face of international engagement outreach and assistance assistance, however, only 25% of the total number of current and former experts, and I call myself among them are women, and only men served as coordinators of the group of experts. How can we promote women's meaningful participation negotiation and implementation of biological weapons convention resolution 1540 and in general in policy development regarding WMDs. I believe we need the proverbial global village, both top down and bottom up national approaches to promote women's participation in general encountering weapons and mass destruction as national and international technical experts both civilian and military as diplomats delegates decision makers and advocates, similar to what is described in STEM fields, external factors like a lack of role models, cultures that tend to exclude women and persistent stereotypes about women's intellectual abilities, reinforce a wide gender gap in meaningful participation. We provide education and training to address the lack of awareness about global norms against biologic weapons, promote the share tenants of WPS agenda and women in disarmament non proliferation arms control resolutions in the PME curriculum, and also utilizing contribute content to the UN office for disarmament affairs, disarmament education portal. A statistic I would like to share here at the only army course that provides an additional skill identifiers counter WMD advisor, there are only 8% women between 2020 and 2023. I have just been accepted in the Air Force Institute of Technology counter WMD program so I will see what's the percentage in the Air Force regarding women encounter WMD field. In my last slide to conclude the threat environment is consistent consistently changing, but WMD threats and violent extremism, including the threat of terrorists using WMD and the related materials. They are all persistent threats and we need to look for new synergies and approaches to address them. The two frameworks I discussed here WPS and women disarmament non proliferation and arms control are capabilities that we need to fully develop to take advantage of the largest and top reservoir talent in the world, as Secretary Clinton once said, in our fight against weapons and mass destruction proliferation and violent extremism. Thank you for your attention. Thank you Dana you remind me one of my favorite quotes I heard yesterday, you don't need women. You don't need women to win battles, but you need women to win wars and sustain peace. I mean that to that you need women to have effective arms control of WMD and weapons of mass destruction. Thank you very much. I'd now like to invite to our conversation Dr Jennifer Santiago or data. She's a professor at the Athena de Montmanilla University, and she's written about expanding space women in the security sector, using the Philippines as a case study. Jennifer. Thank you ambassador. Good morning everyone my name is Jennifer Santiago or data. My task. My task today is to look at how we are progressing in the Philippines with regard to WPS and gender mainstreaming the sorry the Philippines is an archipelago of 7107 islands. Plus an addition of 500 islands if we include the ones that we are claiming in the South China Sea. We know we also call it the West Philippine sea or WPS. And it's an attempt at renaming the part of the sea that's near us in order to strengthen our claim. We have 81 provinces, 76 of which have presence of armed rebel groups. We refer to these areas as conflict affected areas. There are several armed groups proliferating in the Philippines, the communist insurgents, the separatist terrorist criminals indicates drug networks private armies you name it we actually have it. These armed groups trace back its roots from the late 1800s, the anti colonizer movement that which is the anti Spanish later on the anti American later on anti Japanese during the Second World War. And these groups have eventually morphed in their present permutation of communist secessionist and terrorist. So our history of armed conflict is actually long. The map here shows you the areas where armed hostilities are actually present and felt the darker the shade the higher is the intensity of our engagement between government troops and armed groups. These are also the areas where the number of internally displaced persons or IDPs are high most of which are women children and the elderly. Women's movement in the country likewise a lot has a long history we are one of the first in Asia to legalize women's suffrage in 1937. The struggle for gender equality is reflected in the many legislations that we have, we have passed our version of the eye or diversity equality inclusion or the loss on gender and development. The Magna Carta of women and the anti violence against women and children we refer to this collectively as gender mainstreaming. These laws are institutionalized and operationalized in the government system. As you see in the diagram, we have a presidential unitary system shown in the dark green boxes. The gray boxes with the red font on the side are the institutionalized mechanisms created by the laws to ensure that diversity equality inclusion are actually guaranteed. And the UN resolution 1325 and 1820 were adopted the Philippines was the first in Asia to adopt a national action plan in 2010. Given our long history of armed conflict and the long history of women's movement, the conceptual and cognitive acceptance of the WPS found no resistance. In fact, it was welcome. The challenge is the operationalization and the synchronization of WPS and gender mainstreaming. This study actually looks at how the core security sector, the police and the military in particular, manages the gender mainstreaming and WPS. The armed forces of the Philippines or the AFP opened its doors to women combat soldiers and officers in 1993. Prior to 1993 women in the military basically are an auxiliary core. The police has long been accepting female members but to date only 18% of their population are women. The quota of 10% for the police per year and 20% in the military, although this is not fully fulfilled. Several mechanisms have been created to satisfy gender mainstreaming or DEI but it was only after the WPS adoption was where a more nuanced approach were established both in the police and the military. Notable of these efforts are the hijab troopers you see there in the slide. This was created in 2017 at the height of the siege in Marawi city by groups identified with IS. The hijab troopers is an all female military and police. Not all of them are Muslims, all are wearing hijab. Their main task is to deal with, consult, engage with internally displaced people who are dominantly Muslim. While the hijab troopers was met with criticisms by some civil society groups for appropriating allegedly the identity symbols of Muslims, the unit arguably was able to effectively engage with IDPs and soften the hypermasculine hard security approach of the military. Another exemplary effort is the development of the GPS protocol or the gender peace and security protocols in checkpoints, especially in conflict affected areas. These are some of the noteworthy examples but given the limited time I will reserve some other examples during the Q&A. Now, as I've mentioned, acceptance of the gender mainstreaming and the WPS in our security sector was not an issue. It is more the operationalization listed on the screen are recommended interventions. You will notice that the recommendations are focused on standardization, that's the merit and promotion, institutionalization, that is the safe space for grievance and mainstreaming of WPS and other security agencies, and on assessing and measuring impacts. So this is the protocol development and M&E or the monitoring and evaluation metrics. If we simply base our WPS and the assessment on institutions and mechanisms and rules of engagement, we are definitely moving forward. However, there are complicating factors, given the Towers is a non-international armed conflict or NIAC and the military, not the police, the military is given the task of handling internal security. It actually creates a large gray zone, especially in conflict areas. Gray zones are ambiguous and complex situations where groups navigate a continuum of legal and illegal policy environment. And for example, the peace agreement between the government and the more Islamic liberation front or the MILF created mechanisms that have no legal basis, but because it was part of a political agreement, it can't also be labeled as illegal. For example, the Joint Peace and Security Team or JPST is a mechanism created based on the political agreement. So combatants from the MILF joined forces with the police and the military in patrolling communities to ensure the safety of civilians. These combatants are allowed to carry weapons together with the military and the police. JPST has no legal mandate, but it's allowed to operate because as I've said of the peace agreement. In these gray zone areas, human rights and IHL has a tug of war. The dominant legal regime to operate in these areas is ambiguous. Because of its ambiguity, activities in these areas are subject to very little regulation, if any. WPS and gender mainstreaming is nonexistent in these areas. And now with China occupying and militarizing the South China Sea, WPS is again being set aside. Given the preponderance of state-centric territorial sovereignty discussion in the security circles. So thus, while it may appear as we are moving forward, the complex security threat, complex security and threat environment we face serve as the major stumbling block in our WPS and gender mainstreaming work. I end my presentation here and thank you very much for your attention. Thank you, Jennifer. I found it especially interesting in your discourse when you talked about the integrity of the security institutions, how they had lost in respect and support during the period of martial law. And their embrace of human rights and of equality has been important for them regaining that in public support. And you added that because of that they actually were now getting better budgets. Is that right? Thank you very much. Our next speaker is Daniela Sepulveda. She is a full bright scholar at the University of Minnesota who's talked about feminist foreign policies in Latin America. First, I want to thank the US Naval War College for hosting this activity and giving me the opportunity to share the Latin American case with you all. In this presentation, I am not going to talk about implementation of the WPS in the field because I have the sense that you have received a lot of information and experiences of different cases and countries. So addressing the Latin American case, I am going to refer directly to the main message I want to leave today. I want to show new research agendas that emerge when we study the WPS linked with the feminist foreign policies in Latin America. But more importantly, I would like to show how the shortcomings of the WPS implementation efforts can actually be an amazing opportunity for the foreign policy building and decision process in the global south. I have to say this is not something that I work only from an academic point of view. I'm complimenting this knowledge with my previous experience when I worked in the Ministry of Defense of Chile for well almost 10 years. And one of my tasks down there was the implementation and evaluation of the WPS as a tool for bilateral and multilateral cooperation among Latin American countries. So I will address two main issues in this presentation. The first one is the disaffection created by the WPS agenda and the tensions between the north and the global south. And the second point is going to be this intersection between the WPS and the feminist foreign policy project. So there I'm going to start with the disaffection issue. This is Latin America. On the map you can see all the countries in Latin America that have a national action plan for the implementation of the WPS. We have Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Colombia is in the picture only because it's a special case. I'm going to talk about that later. Many of these countries are active troop contributors in peacekeeping operations as you may know. But the curious thing about the Latin American case is that in traditional terms, the WPS, it's formally applied in only one country. And this country is Colombia.  However, they do not have a national action plan for the WPS. Despite this, this topic, I mean the participation of women in peace initiatives has been crucial for the peace, the Colombian peace agreement since the year 2016. And on the other hand, we have countries like Mexico, Brazil or Guatemala that do have a national action plan, but internally they have the highest rights of violence and discrimination against women. And we also have countries like Chile and Uruguay that they are like the good students in the neighborhood. In the case of Chile, for example, this country has published two national action plans for the WPS, the first one in 2009, the second one in 2015. And they are currently working in the design of a third plan to be published, I think later this fall. However, despite the good prestige of Chile or Uruguay, I have to recognize that their plans are mainly testimonials. They are like layers of good intentions in a way to assimilate their interest with the interests of other countries from the global, of the global north. The problem with these different approaches is that actually they tell us a lot about the tensions between the global north and the global south. In the last 23 years since the publication of the 1325 resolution, we have seen that the WPS has universalized and standardized objectives to be applied in contexts that may differ a lot from each other. The problem is that establishing peace, maintaining peace, building peace, observing peace and even negotiating peace have different purposes and processes. And yet, the uniformity continues to be a distinctive element of the WPS agenda, the UN resolutions and the UN's presence in peace missions, whatever their format is. This uniformity is something that has been pushed by the global north. And as a result, we have seen some disaffection and resistance in the implementation efforts in Latin America. Because this agenda sometimes it seems to represent the will of the global north that looks at the global south as an implementation laboratory, but not as a region where the WPS is also written according to the necessities and priorities of the global south countries. Now, I want to move to the second and final part of my presentation and I'm going to talk about the intersection between the WPS and the feminist foreign policy project, which is something I'm working from my foundation, a new foreign policy, Fundación Nueva Política Exterior based in Chile. In some countries, the WPS is a matter of identity of their defense and foreign policies which defines the strategies of international participation and engagement of these countries. And for this reason, the integration of the analysis of feminist foreign policies is crucial to understand the new phase of the implementation of the WPS agenda. In the year 2014, more than 20 countries have formally or informally declared that their foreign policies would integrate an active gender perspective on issues from international security to economic cooperation. Also, most of these countries are from the global north in recent years, Mexico, Colombia and Chile have joined this trend and more Latin American countries are expected to do so. I'm thinking in the case for example of Argentina, or maybe Brazil now under the presidency of Lula da Silva. The question is, why small and medium countries pursue feminist foreign policies. In general terms, I argue that they do this to obtain international status established recognition as progressive and distinguish themselves with only. And in some way the adoption of feminist foreign policy is a commitment with liberal values that the global south identifies as a key piece of the international hierarchy and therefore helps to secure recognition and legitimacy from the global north countries. This has important implications for the WPS, because it can be a risk or an opportunity. A risk, it can be a risk because these countries may reproduce again a passive assimilation of external interests, or it can be an opportunity for Latin American countries to write the WPS under their own terms and priorities. In conclusion, I would say that it is not a coincidence that all the global north countries with a feminist for feminist foreign policy are NATO members. In my view, this is an opportunity. The proliferation of feminist foreign policies in Latin America is an ally of the WPS agenda, and the US has an important role here. In its core ideas I would say that the feminist foreign policy is strengthens Western democratic values, and in a word where the hegemony of the US is being challenged every single day, understanding and protecting the priorities of the global south is crucial. If the global south considers that the WPS or the feminist foreign policy are emblematic of their shared values, it is in the US national interest to engage with these ideas. By doing so, the US will not only promote democratic values at a very low cost, but we also build relationships based on cooperation and not resistance. That's all for now. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you, Daniel. You raised some really important and challenging issues of are these Western values are these universal values. This is north versus south and is the legitimacy and recognition that these norms bring. You mentioned that brings that's legitimacy from the international community. I'm very always very curious how much is this is then legitimacy among citizens. And then all of us should be thinking about how does this then come into play in strategic competition. But thank you very much, Daniel. Our fourth speaker is Dr James Minich. He is the WPS chair and a professor at the Asia Pacific Center for security studies our sister institution and in Honolulu. James takes us into an important area, looking at the politics of belonging. And the men's allies and the meaningful inclusion of women in the security sector. James, please. Thank you. And it is a distinct honor to be here. Grateful to be on the panel with my esteemed colleagues. Recognize the great contributions. And of this event and recognize my close friend. Dr Syrah, you men who is put all this together and so you're to be committed. Thank you for that. This year. We celebrate the 75th anniversary of the 1948 women's armed services integration act. 75 years. It was segregated service, of course, as women served in separate organizations. The women's Army Corps, for example, and women while they served their numbers couldn't exceed 2% of the force. We also celebrate this year, the 45th anniversary of the 1978 congressional amendment of that women's armed services integration act. In which women could then serve within the organizations the same organizations of men. I may seem like a little bit ago but it's contemporary for me. And I've watched as this is trans just in over time. There's been other policies of course maybe the most latest one point 15 the repeal of the combat arms exclusion and so while the unbarring. The door through legislation and policy measures is important. It's not enough. The, we often use the terms integration and inclusion, as if though they're interchangeable. They mean the same thing. They do not. In integration we expect women to adapt to the system. But in inclusion we, we ensure that the system adapts to women. And gender in a gender integrated approach. We permit women to serve alongside men in these masculine eyes units with some accommodations and less acceptance. Such organizations are certainly male dominant their deep seated masculine eyes cultures they forge obstacles to women's full participation. And they do experience high levels of sexual violence. Now gender inclusive approach is different emerges men and women together, full access to the system and such organizations the default gender is not male. The barriers for women have been eliminated all are valued and the structure and its leaders do not allow the strong to prey upon the week real briefly a little bit on culture, social costs and belonging so in 2017. Sandra Perone published this book it's it's it's her memoir of a Canadian of Canada's first female infantry officer. It's an interesting read. But it depicts harrowing accounts of institutional sexism. That sanction repeated violence against her by her leaders in her in her peers. It includes instances of her rape, her beatings and a litany of indignities that were meant to send the message that she did not belong. Her story is not unique. It's not unique to Canada, and it's not unique to a time in history is contemporary. Just consider last year in Canada, the former Canadian Supreme Court Justice Louise Arbor submitted her commissioned report on sexual misconduct and leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces. And in her opening statement she says that the calf has an archaic and deeply damaging organizational culture, and that a place you want to be. Just a minute about organizational culture. You know it is a diet of cultural model and settings models being the tone of the organization and settings being those recurring group interactions that does what the organization values or not think about social costs. When can rise above a label of self serving accusations that women are fronted with when they, when they trip when they confront this, this can then make their ally ship more effective when they choose to act when men choose to act. 85% of surveyed men say yes, they'd be motivated to act as allies. We find that there are real social costs for men to do so. They risk losing being in the in group status, their masculinity is questioned. And so for men to really be able to act. We need to have organizations that have a culture of belonging and so what do we mean. This positive correlation that I'm talking about so between men and their willingness to support his allies and this organizational culture of belonging. When it when organizations are like that. 96% of men seem to stand come forward and be these allies. So there is not a culture of belonging that drops precipitously down to about 30% of men for the very social cost that I was just speaking about. So what is belonging. Well, we're talking about a motion that is born in security and support from a sense of social acceptance that we have acceptance in these units where inclusive teams are a place of belonging right I mean there it's an environment where barriers are torn down we're all feel valued, where divergent opinions are respected, and people don't have to conform to be accepted. And you think whether or not that fits an organization you've been in. Do you feel like you had to conform to be there. Do you really value your, you're out here divergent opinion or do we just really want people to agree and salute and move forward allies then must be no do right. So what are the be no dues of allyship. Well to be is about character we're talking about that which is shaped by values and attributes to know is about competency. We're talking about that which is exhibited by critical and ethical reasoning problem solving decision making and to do is to achieve an allies need to do. So, to be men must step up, and they must be allies by acting against sexism. That's reactive allyship, but they must also promote this meaningful belonging we're talking about, and that is proactive allyship. And so men this month to really must be visible allies that that that that do both of these active reactive allyship and proactive allyship proactive we're talking about then that they need to use their influence to advocate their voice to by their time to support. This is what men generally carry influence voice and time, and to be proactive they need to use it. But they also have to have that courage to stand up again sexism sexual harassment assault and it is those things are very troubling. So when we know we ought to consider what it is we know then about being an ally on what we don't know. We talk often about our biases we need to understand them but but sexism has, you know, a dual component, there is hostile sexism and there is benevolent sexism but they are both very deeply damaging. When we think about this where you, there's paternalism that has, you know we're talking about interfering with autonomy and we're then on the hostile side we're talking about how it is dominantive how we dominate women by women who are incompetent to serve in these, you know, in areas of economics and areas of policy and all these areas and we integrate their service if they try to, or on the other extreme and benevolent is protective. And how we create spaces where they need to be domesticated and in the home and that's where they need to be. And we get gender differentiation and whether it's competitive only men are strong enough to do this, or whether or not as complimentary and of course, women are men's better half right they complete men it's all about men, or the header sexuality of it, and how it is hostile. We put it in sexual harassment or sexual assault, or the intimacy level where there is this contract where men provide protection and love as long as women are subordinated to men. This is a dichotomy and how we how how sexism is manifested. Real quickly then let me finish men. And when we think about teams men and women are different. But then again all people are different. And so we devalue women, either through sex or through gender. We could talk more about that but leaders are responsible for the safety and welfare of their people. I was familiar with the Fort Hood independent review committees findings when just recently they determined that the command climate down in Fort Hood was ineffective and it was permissive environment for sexual harassment and sexual assault. It is an insider threat we talk about insider threats. This is a real insider threat I mean it destroys lives, it corrodes trusts, it decays readiness. When we think about concern for others too often. We quote, but less frequently adhere to Teddy Roosevelt's admonition about care and that is that nobody cares how much you know, until they know how much you care. Show our care. Let me, let me end here real quickly because time is short talking about the do of work, working of the allyship. And we must do now. We must not wait until the system has evolved to a point where women are prevalent everywhere because it's not a time issue women are just not going to get there with more time is going to take active work. We must create this culture of belonging and so if building teams is hard, creating a culture of belonging is harder but we must get after it. We must promote women leaders men occupy most of the positions. The only way women are going to go forward is if men will promote them into these, these areas. We must systematize the diversity and inclusion. It is a deliberate process, and it requires implementations of policies practices and procedures and we must review those that are currently existing and see whether or not. We must support this and we must institute professional scaffolding that will guide model council coach and mentor our people to be inclusive and to have this type of environment and so I'll, I'll use time there. Thank you, James.  The notion of what diversity equity inclusion is about. This is not a nice to have this is this is essential. This is not a zero sum game, where one one group advances at the expense of another, the reality is, and you can you talk about this in your in your research that the US military is falling. This is short of recruiting targets 25% last year, and retention is a challenge as well so if you cannot even fill the bill that you have, and you cannot grow your people. You cannot deliver security, and that requires a whole effort and that includes requires inclusion of women, and it will not representation is important. It is a mandate for women to be a bear more responsibility to advance women without allies. You extrapolate it would take 165 years at the current rate of progress for us to reach equity. There's a lot of work to do. Thank you. Want to add. Yes. We have heard throughout this conference that this is just a problem of time we just, we will get there if we just give it more time. And I started off Sam we. Okay we've been at it for 75 years. I've been at it for 45 years. We will get there when we change the culture, and we stop expecting. This is a boys club you can join it. No this is a this is this is a security sector that women have every right to be in. They've been excluded. We need to restructure the entire sector so that it is inclusive. You're so spot on and when we do that. We won't have retention issues. People will want to belong to the organization. We won't be hemorrhaging.


NAMASKAR मैं त्रिजा दूरा भूर्वा क्रिस्नोखान्ता हून्दिकर राग्जेग बुक्ता विस्ता भिदालर गना हून्जू भिभागर, हूहा करे अदाभेका और आजी मादा गुर्टो पुना भिख्ष्वाला आलो सना करीं, हे तु हैसे मैंगी विदाभी लिक्जा, अमी जी त्या खाँँजुच थापन खुरू, खुम्मी केट कुरू मैंझे शैन्डर आजर ने रिसीबराग तिते मैसेस पुछ्ठया एक मैंची त्या आप पुँर पच्टी की करा तावे पर्टिकोंर मैसेस थू ಑಻ಿಸ್ರಿರರ್ಲalles ಎರ್ಳರರೆಂಜ ಸಿ ಗ ಇchied೉ಗ್ ಮಂಟಿ ಲಿವಿಕಿ akter ಸಿ Titan ಮಾಫಿ ಕೃಹೋಮಽ್ತಕ್ದ ಚದಲರ ಬಕಿ ಮಾಸುಟ್ದೊ ಕೈವಾದಾ ಬಿಕಿ ಕಾಕುಗಳೆಸಿ ವಾನಿಕಾದೊ ಬಸದುಟಕ್ತamientoದ � wh хват et these are communication media which we using in communication these are whether media aspect what i will use in my event with my channel i will use print media this is communication media aspect we will judge y washing blood in wedge y wash clothes, y chanting y wash clothes lamins lamins lamins lamins lamins ఇరిలోమ్లోకాలోలాలుతా, ఆర్ర్పರంది. మానాంపిదాడపి . అందరలులాలులిరందాయ్లివి. అందరరఇతూది సిబమాలునతాలులు నరిల్లి మ్డం షాస్లిలె స్లినిడ్విస్నిన్ను కాలే నోడ్వాట్స్స్సిఖిండ్లెసిలెస్స్సికేస్లెల్స్సి క్లో డిలోనువ్లె కినరదించార మౌంతెసింప్� so ڈิس ڈิ southeast he discourse atmosphere non-b�ن communication Ḝᴀᵃᴀᵒ 섭 ᵘᵍᵐᶉ, ᵗᵖᵉ ᶄᵍᵒᵃᴋᵏᶉ ಏಡತಿಲ್ತ್ದ ಜಟತ್ಯಾ ರಕಸ cultivation ಎದವ್ನ extend self-installation ಸ಼ಿ ಸಿ ಕ�인데요 you ದಿದ್ನang16ಿ floating discourses ಎಂಡದTu coexistars definitely difference and discontin He used his voice, he used a very powerful medium of communication, this is the oral communication, to communicate with the general masses. I will tell you the oral communication to Korag Hesile, so that actually established a kind of relationship between the audience as well as with the person who is speaking, that is the orator. Orator, an important form of interpersonal channel Hesile, juntu Gandhiji use Korag Hesile hitu as a prayer meeting. So Gandhiji kiki Korishe tekhere manas silent prayers kis meetings se patisile. Basically lata kiki Korishe gan gaisile, they used to sing the hymns, as there is a chance the ramanam by the audience. So this such kind of prayer meetings that ended with a brief statement by Gandhiji on some relevant issue. So enukad hona kismo communication channels use Korag Hesile, jar tradi kiki Hesile, general audience olagat, aata kotupo kothanta sriti aata establish koribye parag Hesile, aru aata patiklu hompor ko aata establish koribye parag Hesile. Bhattavan avosta, jundu present context sami kotha ko esu, interpersonal communication through spoken word continues to enter very much a very favorable place in the world of business. Itiya itu dekhazha, itu ako la mai education field or kotha hai ko anay, ba mai political atmosphere or environment kotha ko anay, ba bela gata environment kotha ko anay aata, enu world of business and communication. Tata ki hoi interpersonal communication aata oral communication ur yare gurta puno bhumigata ase. Itiya business or kotha ki hoi, bohurtkhini kotha ba bohurtkhini hongjuti nami stopon koru. Aapun koru itu basicri through verbally koru ase.  Acha itiya aami jihetu business communication kotha ko esu. Yare oral communication bibhin na dharnara ase. Ita hoise aami staff meetings thake ba aami personal discussions hoi ba presentations hoi ba telephone discussions hoi pa ita jihunu informal conversations hoi ba aami. So these are the different types of oral communication that are usually seen in the field of business. Now when oral communication takes place outside the organization, it may take the form of face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, speeches, teleconferences or videoconferences. Mani aata itu e bujaisa ase aami within the particular organization kenu kothana communication hoi ba ba aami. Yare kenu kothana communication hoi ba. Aami hikha itu e lagar communication hoi ba aami. Aami nizar colleagues oral communication hoi ba aami. Aami face-to-face meetings thake ba aami. So kenu kothana eket harnaka outside the organization, organization to bahira to, aami bibhinu prokara oral communications ase. Jundu aami ko opara face-to-face meetings thake. Aami how to cover telephone, through telephone calls. We are trying to converse with a particular organization, with a particular person, to different teleconferences as well as to videoconferences. So these are different forms of oral communication, which may take place within the particular organization or also it may take place outside the organization. Now let us come to a very important form of communication, this traditional form of communication. It is a folk media billi ko, but traditional form of communication. So folk media kiha basically it refers to people's performance. So these are some of the performing arts, which can be described as the cultural symbols of the people. It has folk performance ba folk media billi ko, these are some of the forms of non-dominant form of communication. Non-dominant billi aami kiha ko lu, in comparison to print media, print media to learn art ba electronic media to learn art, traditional folk media prabhaptu iman nahi. Hoi nahi, hekar na main non-dominant form of communication billi ko. Taar pisa ko a go se se, aur traditional folk media billi ko, a kal itre na buzha se it's only concerned with dance and music. Naas pa gana lagara ka jo ito hoi to ka nahi. It also includes oral literature, verbal art and crafts. It is a traditional form of communication ko tha ko ya. So yaar gurto tuba yaar impotant su kitya prahi le. Pothom ko a go se si 1972, it is an international planned parenthood federation. Atta particular... It organizes a series of meetings on the how we can make the best use of folk and traditional media in family planning as well as in communication programs in London. Ti ka se, titya prah maine 1972 praa itya loi. Yaar e importance to baar hi ne se. Kini pothom pothom hekhne ho moiswa yaar importance to bhi hai boar kini discussions kora go se le. So 1970s apra, e traditional media ba folk media juntu importance to titya prah, ye baar hi hai hele. Ti ka se. Tata pisata maine kitya kaun. Juntura maine relevance ko tha ko se, traditional form of communication. Street plays yaa kaun tha kaun but street plays, theater kaun tha jitya kaun. It serves as one of the important mediums to inform the people of various aspects of the conflict as well as the sacrifices made by the Indian soldiers. Mane ki hoi, basi ke li, jitya amar kaargil conflict hoi se le. Hekin hi haman. Ba juddha ho moite hog, pre-independence homoite hog, ba amar post independence period to te hog. Ita mane ki hoi se, street plays yaa hog, basi street theaters yaa hog. Ba bhi bhi na na folk media te kaun. Ki e particular mediums prai ki kora, particular different forms of traditional media, they try to kind of discern the information about what is happening in a society. Okay, they try to inform, they try to kind of educate the masses about what is necessary, what can be done actually for the betterment of the society. Mana, kaite karne ki kore le bhaal hoi, society bhi kaha kana me ki kora paro. Hekin hi kotha ke, hekin hi message a particular different forms of, traditional forms of communication disseminate kore. Itya sabo gole ame, ame ketaman bhagat bhagavaparim, a traditional form of communication. Potom to obviously was a folk theater. Indian theater akal etu nupu zai zai, ame ballet performance, but drama performance, but opera. Hek to akal jo ito hoi ta tha kaana hai. Ame jili Indian contexta discuss kore yesu, Indian folk art ame, itu composite folk formata. Itya amar singing ase, gana ase, nas ase, dialogue ase, ar bhi bhi na dhona, heri kotha kwa, style ase. Indian folk drama is performed upe nai. Mana bahiaar jit ame western countries lathu lana karo. Tehano ka hot, tehano ka jagat ki hoi, tehano ka folk theater, da party need is to jagat hoi, a stage art hoi. Amar ka stage performance, original folk theater, ame jili sound, arm hori to, ta tha hoi sile, amar open art hoi bhi sile. Sometimes in a race podium, but mostly at the ground level, thus bringing a very high degree of intimacy between the actors and the audience. Itya ame, ornata form of traditional, form of communication rahesu, itu ase folk songs. Itya, folk songs pili kora, ame Indian contexta, jiheta me discuss kore yesu, amar Indian folk songs diwarendo bhakti songs, ceremonial songs and tribal songs. Aur bhakti songs pili kora, ame devotional songs pili kora, that has strong links to classical music, manne classical music lakar hiya jo, mannata particular link itya ase. Aur some of the most popular folk songs pili kora, ame ki, manne jitya aahe, ame kotha kanditya, ame kopar, baualan, bhatti aliya bengal, bhi ho vasam, duha erasan, garbav vujja ase, aur bhi bhi na dhano folk songs ase. Ta arpe se, aurta ek prokara, manne, one of the important forms of traditional forms of communication, hito kopar, basical narrative forms, including ballets, folk tales, and other storytelling forms. So iti aakal, traditional media ba folk media bhi, iti aakal, manne folk songs, ba folk theatre hiya na bhu zai. Amar narrative forms pili kora ase. Amar folk tales ase, just storytelling forms ase. So hei bo poi, these are the most important poetic forms for the strong narrative element, have proof to be particularly effective for the purpose of communication. Udhar nisa bhi, ame bura katha bhi kora paro, juntu iti a very popular ballet singing style of Andhra Pradesh. Ta arpe se, ahila ama religious discourses. Now religious discourses of Hari Katha is also known by different names in different parts of the country. Religious discourse, manne kii hoi? Yate, this discourse, ame jinai po, discussion kora hoi. Discourses are basically a proper discussion. E discussion boon, as on performer thake, jumur Katha kora bhi likhoi. And hei manu zane, ba hei bekti zane, tya knowledge thake, about the different scriptures, tya musical ability kenu kaase. And he also should be a very good actor, as well as a very good storyteller. Karan, ason bhaal dedi storyteller nahain. So that particular person will not be able to captivate the general audience. So he or she should be able to tell a very good story at the same time that should be accompanied by music. And also he or she should have a very good knowledge of the scriptures. Ta arpe se, ahila ama puppet shows. Jum puto la naspile kao. Ta, usually jitami puppet shows ya katha kao, puppet, these are some, it's a very common form of, you know, ah, traditional media or folk media. And usually ki hai, puppet jitai showbhu kora hai. Usually, atta poriya laar, manu khodde se, taan ke mili pe le kora hai. Ba, kithe ba ki hai, it also consists about like seven to eight member groups. Poriya laar bahero, manu hai, perform kora hai. Aru usually puppet shows bukot hai, village gatherings hai. Manu, gaut hai, ba, kum ba, market at patile, ba, kum ba, kum ba, kund skulal gbe, skulal playground and kori se. So, bibhina dhona, tenuka showpuppets showbhu kora hai.  Post independence period, atta bhur khen ya mi, enuka deha pua vasen. Amar, hene, ii puppetry hai hok, ba, amar, enuka dhona, fok media, form hai hok ba, amar, indian theater, performing arts hok, amar aghway lego se, hini. Bhihe kora, ami, 1940s apa deha galsi, jeneke, ame udharne se pe ko paru, indian people theater association, IPTA group at ase. So, tenuka kiki kora se, bhukhut, belek, bibhina dhona regional theater forms ase, jahtra ase, bengalor, gujyato bhava ase, maharashtra tamasa ase, so, inuka dhona, bibhina theater forms, jughere kiki kora se, tenuka, they try to increase the social awareness and political education. 1977 ad ke, isle, arvata enuka, non-government organization, ta ase le, kairla, juntu ame kairla, sastra, sahitya, parishat bhi le ko ahoy, ke SSP, tenuka, science jatha namar, the science procession, organize ko isle. Basically, science jatha hi kiki kora se, they try to spread the message, basically, scientific tune to katha ase, hai kiki ni message, manan, disseminate ko isle, society. So, they try to spread the message of people's involvement in the development process. And also, jitya maa, chipko movements ho li ase le, abhi ko movements ho katha hai kaun. So, folk songs have filled a very important role during this particular movements. Aru enuka, ekhi ne, humo iswar, bibhina, tunes as well and also, sang them on the streets. Manan, tenuka street performance ko isle, two different folk songs. Iti ami, multimedia communication lahesu. Multimedia communication lahe ki buzu, e particular term jopa, multimedia, manan, buze, multiple media, manan, bohurt kita media log lagi pele, multimedia hoise. Aru, bohurt kita media log lagi pele, jitya communication kora hoji, yaak hoosai, pa yaak bujai, jit indiketsara information data being transferred over the network may be composed of one or more of the following. It may be composed, it may be consisting of text, it may be consisting of images, it may also consist of audios as well as videos. So, basically, ki hoi, multimedia communication comprises the different techniques that are needed for distributed multimedia system, manan, othurt yaak, e ae bujai, saise, person or audience may have Ordiobha video hoise loepele, jitya communication kora hoi. Itya, me aau, non-dominant communication, non-dominant communication milikyao le ki buja? Basically, jitya, juntu communication pa juntu particular media, communication media to mana, dominance, maatha, prabhaap to besi naain, takya mi, non-dominant communication billi kawa ho. In fact, which run contrary to the different dominant values or ideological proportions as well as organizational norms. And this may also include my street theatre which is based on my folk songs or my puppet show which tries to spread different messages of social importance or my short story write-ups which is on important contemporary issues and the importance to me already it has received a claim at both national, regional or international level. So, today we are going to talk about this particular video lecture. This is about our communication media culture in the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. In the Indian context. ���໇ຂໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜໜ�ໜ�


Hi students, I'm Shayna your teacher at espressoenglish.net and today I want to answer a student who asked about how to use the expression used to in English. And this is an interesting topic because there are actually two different ways to use used to in English and they have different purposes. So today I'm going to teach you that with examples. So first we can say I used to when talking about things that we did frequently in the past, but we don't do today. So for example, I used to take piano lessons when I was a child. I took piano lessons, but nowadays I don't take piano lessons. So I can say I used to take piano lessons. I also used to have long hair, but today I have short hair. So it's something that was true in the past, but now it has changed. It's not true anymore. So I use I used to plus the base form of the verb. I used to take piano lessons and I used to have long hair, but not anymore. Now I can make a negative sentence by talking about things that were not true in the past and they are true today. And for that I use I didn't use to plus the base form of the verb. So I didn't used to teach English. In the past I had other jobs, other professions, but now I'm an English teacher. So it's a situation that changed. It was different in the past and now it's something else. So I didn't used to teach English, but now I do. Okay, so I used to and I didn't used to plus the base form of the verb are used for situations that were different in the past when compared to today. Got it? Now we also have the expressions I'm used to and I'm not used to and these are different. These are used for talking about customs, things that you are accustomed to doing. So for example, here in the United States I was born and raised in the United States. I'm used to driving on the right side of the road, but in England they drive on the left. So I'm used to driving on the right side of the road and I'm not used to driving on the left side of the road because my custom is to drive on the right and it's different in England. So I'm not accustomed to driving on the left. Another good example is when it comes to eating meals. Here in the United States we eat our biggest meal usually at dinner. So I'm used to eating a big meal at dinner, but my husband is from Brazil and in Brazil they often eat a big meal at lunch and then a lighter meal at dinner. So my husband is not used to eating a big dinner. He's used to eating a large lunch. So when using I'm used to and I'm not used to to talk about customs, then we use the I-N-G form of the verb. I'm used to eating a big dinner. I'm not used to eating a large lunch. So these are two separate structures that are used for two different things. So I'm going to give you some homework to write in the comments, but first I want to encourage you. If you like my teaching, first of all like this video, share it with all your friends and also check out the courses I have available. I'll put a link together with this video. If you like the way I teach I think you'll really enjoy my courses because I go through all the aspects of the English language in a very clear and straightforward way and I also include lots of practice. So your practice for today is to write a comment on this video and I want you to try to use each of these four structures. Tell me something you used to do in the past. Tell me something you didn't used to do in the past, but now you do. And then use I'm used to and I'm not used to for your customs. So what's something that is typical in your country and you're used to doing and what's something that's not typical or maybe would be a change for you, something you're not used to doing. Got it? I look forward to reading your comments and I will see you in the next lesson. Bye-bye.


Well, good morning and welcome. Excuse me. As you know, our administration has repeatedly expressed the intention to abolish the Department of Energy. Our goal was and remains increased energy independence for America through constant over-regulation of energy producers and industries in the past, the Department of Energy shackled our drive to increase domestic production, only as the heavy hand of government regulations has been lifted of our energy producers and consumers begun to reduce our dependence on imported oil. The legislation that I am sending to the Hill today will not dismantle the structure of government that we need to fulfill our energy goals. By merging the critical defense, energy emergency, and research functions into the Department of Commerce, it will simply change the role of government from controlling the activities of energy industries to complimenting them. This legislation strengthens our commitment to a civilian-controlled nuclear weapons research and production program. It will also reinforce our commitment to a strong basic research program. So, I am pleased to be able to be here today with our committee chairman from the Hill, Senator Bill Roth, Jim McClure, John Tower and Bob Packwood, and Cabinet Secretaries Mac Baldritch and Jim Bedwards, who all gave their time and their ideas and their effort to reach an agreement on this. And I am hopeful that with their continued cooperation and skilled guidance, this legislation will move rapidly through the Congress. Halfway there. That's as good as you are up there, Mr. President. Almost. That's right. You don't mind if I leave the chairs? I think you should all know that the Secretary of Energy and the Department of Energy came here to do just what we're on our way to doing now, and so we can say just as soon as this is completed in the Hill, he can say mission accomplished. But we're all going to leave you now, and I understand that others are going to give a briefing and answer questions in the briefing room.