So, before starting that actually I want to know how many people here knows about Post Crescule. So, everybody knows about Post Crescule and how many people work on Post Crescule, already work on Post Crescule. So, we have plenty of here. So, here my name is Ibrahim Ahmed and I am a senior database architect at Percona. Percona is a performance consultant and company so I am here to present the topic deep dive in Post Crescule indexes. We will learn about the Post Crescule indexes. In generally I will start from the definition and the concept of indexes, how it works and especially how it works in Post Crescule. So, topic will be the indexes but we will target the Post Crescule, how indexes in Post Crescule works, how we create them, how it is actually implemented in Post Crescule and the concept not the coding. We will discuss the concept of Post Crescule indexes. So, heap and it is a concept in Post Crescule that is called heap and indexes. So, I will give you an example, take a book as on a heap, right, everybody reads the book. So if take that book as a heap, so when you restart reading the book, you start reading each and every page of the book but at last when you want to see something in the book what you do, you go to end of the page book and you can see the index. In that index you search something and you will get a pointer of that, what is the pointer of that? Pointer is the page number of that book. So, you directly go to that page number and you will find your desired result. That is the index. So what is heap? Heap is the book and what is index? Index is at the end of the index where you find your data and the pointer of that data, that means the page number of that data. So keep in mind whenever I say heap it is actual data in Post Crescule, when I say index then it is index data. So in Post Crescule when we data store in tables, we call it as save in the heap, so actual data, whenever store data it goes to the table and I will say that to heap. So rows, when I say rows it can be, we can say that they are tuples or rows. So they both are the same thing stored in that in the table. Like when you save the data, insert the data into the table that rows and tuples store in the table and every table in Post Crescule has a physical disk or disk files. When you create a table, Post Crescule creates a file for that table, a physical file for that table. It can be one or many, I will discuss that when it is many because of the size limitation because it is more than 1 GB then it will create the multiple files of that but at least it creates the one file for you. Then we will see where this file stored and how this actual data stored in the file. We create a table, create table foo and that we have a two column in that, one is an ID and the second one is the name and you see there is a RAL file node in Post Crescule and catalog table. PG class is a catalog table where you can select RAL file node from PG class where RAL name like foo, so RAL name column is the name of the table. So PG class is a system table or catalog table and you see this one 16384 what is this? Actually this is the file name physical stored in the, is a table file name. If you go you can see that file physically on your disk and this file is attached to the table foo we have created already. So you can go here and then you can see where this file stored, PG data. The Post Crescule, it is a directory where Post Crescule clustered or tables or databases are stored. So in that directory you can see that file, sorry you can see this file, this is the PG data actual clustered directory and this is the base and this is the database name and this is the actual file stored in Post Crescule and this file is related to table foo. So what I said, every table in Post Crescule has physical disk. So this is the file of table foo, all right. Table stored in table does not have any order like when you store tuples and rows in Post Crescule so it is not have any order. It can be stored in any order because when you delete a tuple it will mark deleted and you insert the tuple, it will reclaim the space, vacuum, auto vacuum so it is not in order. So just a tip, I will discuss it why I have told this thing. So the next, so when we want to see a data in a table what will you do? Suppose table is a book when you want to see something in a book what will you do? If you do not have an index just leave it there, you do not have an index at the end of the book. You just have a book and you want to see something in that book, you want to search something in the book so you have to scan, you have to read the whole book again and start marking where you find the data. It is same with the table, it is same with the table. When you have to scan the whole table to search your data so select a table row so here is an example I am row where id is 5 4 3 2 it should not be a sequential scan. Like explain select name from bar and query plan here you can see it did a sequential scan on bar like mean it sequentially scan the whole table to get the data from the bar and here I put the 5 4 3 2 it just what is that gather parallel, just forget about the parallel right now I am not discussing here what is the parallel so it is another topic for here. So it is a sequential scan on bar even it is again a sequential scan and it is searching for the id 5 4 3 2 like you have searching a word in a book and you are start searching from start of the book to the end of the book to where this word is there so it is expensive it is really expensive to every time you want to search something you start reading the whole book, you start sequential scan the whole table that is how it works when you try to select data from a table here I have created a table foo with id and name and I want to insert data two rows one with the value 1 and alex what it happens postgres has a column which is called a ct id you can always select with cd id it is already attached to the table so you can select data from there. So when you insert a data like foo 1 and alex 1 and alex and you can see 0 and 1 what is 0? 0 is the page number in a table physical file it is divided in pages so your table physical file is divided by default it is 8k of size but it is default size so I keep in that 8k so 8k size of pages and you can see its pages at tuple are stored like this it is a page 0 page 1 page 2 and page n in a file. So when you select ct id id and name you can see the 0 is the page number and 1 is the offset where actually the tuple is stored right. So here I say 0 you can see 0 page number 1 1 is this one tuple id so tuple actually is the offset but for the simplicity I said 1 you can see is a tuple 1 you can see alex this color is you can see the change the color that is related to this one. So how to select data from here? So when you select the data it will sequentially scan sequentially scan 1 and alex it will see that it is 0 and 1 it will go there and extract the data from it. So it has the actual location of each and every tuple in the physical file. So need to scan every page when you want to search alex what we want to do we want to scan each and every page of the file to search the alex that is the problem tuple what is the problem the cost because it is a problem because it is a slow process when you only want to select a one tuple and you want to scan the whole table here come the PostgreSQL indexes why indexes? Indexes are entry point for a table you can see when entry point why I am saying the entry point like go to the back to the same example of book you go to the end of the book you can see the indexes you can see a word in the book you can see the page number of the book and directly on the page number you can go to the page number and you can see that word so that is the entry point on that book. So it is again the indexes PostgreSQL indexes are entry point to that table. So you can read the data from the indexes and get the pointer from indexes and you go to the heap and get actual data from there indexes used to locate the tuple in the table is the same indexes are used to locate in tuple in actual table then indexes is a separate like we already told you that each and every table has its own physical file its same for the indexes index has its own file because it also needs some space when it is required a space then we need to have some file for that. So here I just explain select name from bar where id is 5 4 3 2 you can see sequential scan on bar and here is the cost just its arbitrary number it is not second it is not millisecond it is not it is a number you can compare that number it is a smaller number then it is faster it is a bigger number than it is slower so it is arbitrary number but its cost is so you can see 5 4 3 2 and I have created an index on that create index on bar create index bar index on bar id and when I run the same statement you can see bitmap heap scan on bar and its use of bitmap index scan bar index right. So its index is used here is not the sequential scan and you see the cost it is faster than the sequential scan so I will explain you how it works how why it is faster than that its 40% faster than that but its just a example so maybe you can get more so post case standard way of create indexes just go to the post case site and you can see how to create an index this is a big bigger syntax for that so I do not want to discuss each and every step to how to create an index what kind of an options are available to create an index but I will explain how it works here. So create an index idx bitmap on bar id and you see select ralphile node from pg class ral name idx tree you can see ralphile node 16425 and here again you can see this file similar you have for the table you have a physical file for the indexes you can see catalogue table you have selected from the physical file. So creating an index index based on a single column of table that start from the basics you are creating an index on a single column of the table explain select name from bar where id is equal to 543 you can see a simple single column index here bar is a table and id is also bar is a sorry table and id is a column. So when you create an index a simple index it locks the table it locks its locks from the deleting updating and it will lock that table so that hurts its a performance constraint because you do not want to block your update, delete, insert when you are creating an index because index is not high priority task but high priority task is you do not want to locks and blocks your update and delete. So postcase has another way of doing that it is called concurrently. You can see the time it is in millisecond you can see but it will consume more time to create an index but in that time you will able to update and delete it so it will not lock your table. So you have a two option one option just create an index and your update, delete will blocks but if you do not but it will work faster than that but if you do that concurrently it will slow it is a slow process to create an index but it will not block your update and delete so it is your choice what you will do.  So why you are creating an index on the column why not create an index based on that expression. So you know you have an expression same kind of an expression like here an example you have a query where you always select a data where name is in lower case so one option is I can create an index on name but whenever I get the data I have to run the lower and that data will be get the data invoke the lower process on that and extract the data from the table so why not I have to create an index which on that expression I am using mostly in this case which is the lower. So here I have created an index expression on bar and instead of writing name here I just put the expression here it can be any expression I put here at the most simplest expression here like a function we are calling a function here. So it also gives you the cause so you can see the index can or you can see here the lower index condition like here it is using the filter here it is actually the index condition is lower name if I have not used lower here it will run the name on this and then put lower on that so that is a slow process of using that. So I told you that we can use the expressions but previously example I use the most simplest like I have just run lower function on column and it but it can be a complex expression like here you can here select strike from bar where a datetime column is plus interval two days it is a bit complex expression here. So one way is I just create an index on datetime dt column and after the indexes I will apply a filter on that and that I apply that expression on each and every row. So here I just created an index on that where dt plus interval two days and this interval condition is used here that is called expression index so you have that option here both cases one more option which is called a partial index what is the partial index suppose you also have millions of rows in your table but most of the time you are query like you have a ten million rows in the table but mostly your query runs on one millions of data first one million and you are not running any queries or hardly running any queries which is two million two million more than one million option. So why I am creating an index and wasting my space creating an index on whole ten million rows it is an option just create an index on just one million of rows because you are not running any queries more than one million if somehow you are running query which is greater than one million rows then oh that is light okay I lost so there is an option that like you have an example here I create an index which is called idx fold on bar id so I put where id is less than 1000 and name text this and we run that query and we have the same query here so if I create an index on id is less than 1000 here I created index on a table where there is no where class here we have a where class id is less than 1000 so you can see the size of the table here here the table size is 214 MB 214 MB here the size is just 240 KB so you have created an index which contain only rows less than 1000 right so it with the size here the size is only 240 and you have when you created an index with on the whole table it is 214 MB so what what happened what happened when we query greater than id 1000 thus this index will not be used that simple then you have to scan your whole table but you are not running most of your queries which is greater than 1000 so you are spacing you are saving your space all right you are saving your space but it hurts when query is greater than 1000 your id is greater than 1000 so it is straight off answer is simple the index won't selected so postgres has different kind of an indexes so we will discuss which kind of indexes we use at work circumstances first what is the B tree index the by default when you create an index in postgresql is B tree you specify or not specify it is B tree you can specify that we are creating an index B tree index it will be a B tree index when you create an index without specifying anything again it is a B tree index all right so sported operator for that when you have a condition less than greater than equal to greater than equal to less than so it works almost every kind of an operator all right so what is B tree just go to the wiki page and just read that because no time here to discuss the complete detail of B tree how it works but I will show you how B tree works in postgresql I have created an index idx B tree own foo using B tree so as there is a using word so if I not use using B tree name it will again create a B tree index but I used using B tree but for other indexes I have to use using for that like create index idx B tree own foo using hash name hash is another type of index but I will discuss this later explain analyze select static from foo where name is equal to text something you can see the index scan is used and index scan is used B tree own foo that is it and this index is used the second one the how it works actually sorry I have created a table foo text and have a many columns here like I have a hundreds of column here like insert into foo values one Alex and other columns insert to Bob and other columns all right I have selected select ct id static from foo ct id 0 1 Alex and other data it will show the hundreds of column here so 0 is the page number one is the offset all right so whenever I want to select the Alex I have to scan this whole table and whole table and want to select to the go to the that location and when I created an index on that and on name insert index have the key and the location of the table here we have a hundreds column and this ct id when I create an index on the name column like this name Alex it will store only the index column and the ct id like when you have a full page in the book have a many words on the page many words on the page but at the end of the index what you have the name and the page number here in the in the table we have all the columns and the ct id but here in an index we have Alex and the ct id we do not have any other columns right so we directly go there and get the Alex data so here bob Alex so we can directly search from here go to there and select the data so in some condition we are not going from here to there and this we can go directly I will discuss later in this slide like Alex hash indexes what is hash index in B3 we are creating a B3 for that but for the hash index we are creating a hash of that column and store that hash and we will access that hash when required. So this is the limitation or you can say it is not a limitation because it is implementation that hash index are used for the equality operators only it is not for greater than less than because there is no concept of hash values to have a greater than and less than is exact equality operators so it works on the equality operators so when I created an index on the name B3 was already there and you can see I have used using hash name so we have a two B3 sorry it is hash type of here so idx hash and on using hash on name explain analyze like static from bar where says an id hash idx hash is used here all right the next one the brin actually I have told you that B3 works well on the equal equality operator less than greater than less than equal to something and hash is for the equality operator but in my experience B3 equality operator much better than the hash equality operators even people are recommending that use the B3 even for the equality operators. This is brin is another interesting type of index in PostgreSQL it is the block range index when your data use when column have correlation with the physical location in that table like date when you inserting a data in sequential and it has a physical correlation with this what is the physical correlation of the disk like you are inserting data of 1st January 2nd January 3rd January 4th and in the sequence and when you are storing that data it is a sequential in that disk right so if this structure is there like you are storing the serial number 1 2 3 4 5 6 and it is sequential order sequential address there is no unordered value there so it is fit in brin index and you already know your data you already know the data when you knows your data you can better choice what kind of an index you can use right so you are using when you have a physical your data have a physical correlation with your disk then you can use a brin index so space it is space optimized index why you know when in an index in the B3 in a hash like in a B3 what we are storing we are storing the actual column of the data and the page number and the offset of that we are storing the index but here what we are storing in the index we are storing the page number the minimum value of the column and the maximum column of value of the column like in a page number page number 1 and we are storing date from 1st January to 31st January that is it we are not storing any more data so space optimized because whenever I query that I know my date 1st January or 31st January will be on page number 1 and when I say page number 2 1st February to 29th February has that data but if you do not have this kind of a data this index will not be used so it is your choice you must know your data is physical correlation with the disk that as it is you have the data so it is interesting because it is only have a space optimized so here I have created a brain index and you can see the 7 normal index is used you can see filter remove and time is 7 3 9 7 and you can see the brain index in enough 4 3 millisecond faster because this choice is really simple because it when you say 21st January it will go directly to the page number and get to your data you can see the size create index B3 hash brain and you can see the brain index size in KB it is very small but it has its own limitation next one this is some kind of a complex there is two complex indexes are there but normally we use B3 hash and brain now you have a GIN which is generalized inverted index why would need that GIN is the handle where need to index composite value like you have a when you are want to create an index you can create a single column second or two column three column expression partial but there is some kind of limitation where your index is not full for your requirement like here you have an example here like a bar is a table where is ID one column JSON B column date you can see a date and I have a data like this what happen when I want a full number which is 3 3 3 3 how I can select that how I can create index for that I can only normally index B3 hash and brain I can create index on ID name or DT and here is the name if I create a B3 on hash index or name it will create an index on whole this JSON B column so it is single so if you create a whole column so it is how I can say I if you want to select the name is Alex I cannot do that with normal indexes so here is an example what I will do I will create a GIN index on using GIN name and here when I select name is Alex name in Alex it will you can see the timing 1 0 7 9 and when we have a used where it is used this one index condition is name Alex is JSON B it will select within the JSON B data and select the data for the created index and it is speedy you can see the time difference between 4 5 7 millisecond and 1 0 7 it is almost 60 percent faster than that it is not normal index right I have selected a data from the name is name Alex actually this is not greater than it is range value from within the range the next one is just generalized search tree it is pre-structure access method actually it is indexing framework used for indexing of complex data types like you have find a point within the box use full text search in terrain you have this kind of data and you want to use a disk you can use it is a framework to use it so the major question when and where and how you use your at where and what actually the first question in B3 when you when where you use a B3 index use the index for most of the queries and different data types it is normally used people are using the B3 index if you do not have any specific requirement use B3 index and hash used for specially for equality of letters bring for really large sequential line up data size you have a very large data size millions of row but it is a sequentially line up like I already told you that serial number you have a serial number you have a date which is incremental or it is incremental but it is same process. So then use for documents and array like I have already told you and just use for full text search and finding of geometrical values in the points and arrays then you can use this. So one more interesting thing is that it is index only scan I told you that if I have a value in a index I have data in a table and already data have a index like I have a if I go to this example here then you will here sorry if you go to this example you can see we have a data 0 1 1 Alex and 100s of rows we have a 2 2 bobs and 100s of sorry 100s of column and 100s of column here but we already have a data CTID and name Alex is also here. So if my query is that is Alex in this table or not right name is equal to Alex or not one way is this that I go to the Alex find index in there go to that table scan the heap and see Alex is there or not normally we do that because we index is the pointer we go to the actual value see the value and return that value actually. But there are some queries where we only access the index data we are not involving any other column then why we are going to the table the answer from the index that is called index only scan like if you have a index on 4 columns and you are only curing that 4 column and your query does not involve any other column other than that so it is faster than that it will use index only scan it will get the answer from the index it is not going to the heap to get the answer it directly from the index it is called index only scan. So it is more faster than indexes normal index but you must know at what stage you need index only scan so index is stored separately from tables main storage curing need to scan both the index and heap normally index only scan only use when all columns in the query part of the index okay in this case Postgres fetches data directly from the index and it only index not heap so here is an example right now I have created index it is called index only scan just index name on id and name you can see there is id name the dt another column right and bar id is greater than this it is index scan why because I have a one column which is not part of the index we have a one column which is not part of the index we have a two column id and name part of that index but dt in this query is not part of that index so it will scan first the index then get the pointer from there go directly to the heap and get the data id name and dt so it is two parts one for the index and heap it is also reading the index and the heap and here index scan is using right and other query where id and name from bar where id is greater than something and id greater than less than here no column from heap is accessed all the columns are present in the index like id name id and name no no column other than index so index only scan is used here right so it is faster than the index scan but it is matter of choice if you have it depends on your queries and your index creation but people like people likes to have this kind of indexes to manage your queries and that it fits on the index only scan duplicate there is some kind of a queries and to have a some example of queries where from the catalogs you get the information that your index you are using the proper indexes and you are you have a proper garbage collector for that that collect the garbage because it happens when you create an index and you forget about that index and you create another index sometime you have created another index and you forget about that how many indexes you have on the table so you must run some kind of a queries on your catalog to search what kind of duplicate index on that column and that table I have so this is the query interesting thing that I have well it is from the catalog table you can see PG index this one in key and you can see bar has a 2 B3 index on a bar table has a similar index 2 with the B3 2 similar B3 index bar table have so if you have 100s of table 100s of indexes you run that query you can get that which table and which table has a similar index which is a duplicate because you can drop some kind of an indexes because you do not need a same index on same table so here is a another query that you will see that what kind of data type is supported for which index every index does not support every operator so here is the query and you can write this query change this gen just B3 hash it will give you the operator name that which kind of operator is can be used for this index so you know that so here is the unused index some you have index and you do not know you have used it or not like people created an index or after one month they say oh I am not using that index how you can get that information so here is the query where you get the unused index that is hardly used like you can see this index is never used 0 0 and this index is used only 6 time is a 4 time you can get the query that my index is used since last one month or one two month or three month that it is never used that means we do not need that index drop that index otherwise you only have to use that index so question time here it will he is asking that your index does not have a expression index and you are using the function thus does index use index will be used but it will get the data on that column and then apply that function on that. He is asking that hash is I told in the presentation that has is not is not as good as B3 but in normally in journal hash is better inequality of data structure but that is the problem that in practical we have I have seen people are also mentioning that B3 was better than hash in maybe it is a kind of an implementation I am just talking about in Postgres implementation it is practical experience mine and other people are just reading around that people are also experience that B3 much better inequality operator okay he is he is saying I can't guarantee I have done my own performance performance that a lot of improvement has been that people are actually using it I think someone focused on the performance and I think at least for some use cases hash indexes make sense over B3 is also saying that in Postgres 12 it is improving it might have been in 11 it might have been in 12 so it is improving I know nothing good time no time but maybe it is it is improving it is this matter so it is improving but it is not the data structure it is in Postgres 12 any more question it is all your choice actually oh sorry always is a how many maximum index is we can create in some there is no limit actually and in practical in practical yes actually it is depend on your queries and your table sizes and it is you have to analyze that you don't want to create a duplicate indexes on that it is I cannot say that if you have a small table you cannot create a hundreds of index on that you can but it is matter you have to analyze that you have you can see that how many indexes are used like you can I have give you the query you have to run some catalog queries on that so how many indexes are used on remove unused indexes from there analyze your queries what kind of column you are using in the index try to be fit in the in your index only scan then use proper indexes and remove all unused unused index from there yeah in the index it is it is he is saying he is saying that when index is storing the page number it is sequentially scanning there because the index has a less information it does not have a complete table it will go sequentially on that that it will get the because when you go to the indexes you have the pointer of that so you could directly the table it is because we know good he said if the index in a different indexes indexing scan will be used because it will use the index scan it will not if each index it will not go to the heap because data is already in an index data is already in the index it does not need to go to the heap because already data have its own data structure I am just waiting


Good evening, everyone. Thank you for coming. If you're an EPARMS and leadership student, be sure that you sign in. Sign up sheet. Because there's a special announcement that goes with that, which I'll make in a little while. This is the ninth version of fall reception in colloquium. And it's, I can't believe there are none that we've done. So we're closing in on a decade. And I think it's been very special, the programs that we've been able to do. And I think you're going to find that tonight is no different. And if you have not already gotten some refreshments, please help yourself. And our own Mr. Boschman is doing double duty tonight. Of course he is tip certified, as well as being certifiable. But his beverages are the adult variety, as you can see. And there's a charge for that, I'm sure. Mr. Boschman, is that correct? No, no charge. There's no charge. That's quite remarkable. Well, there you go. So there you have it. Naturally, putting together one of these is team effort. It requires a lot of help. And first of all, I'd like to think, and this is known in particular, ordered, certainly not in priority order, but thank Europe for allowing us to come back this year with a wonderful program we had last year. Facility, as you see, is quite nice. And we have the spectacular view of Providence. And we owe Mr. Boschman a debt of gratitude for assisting in that regard. He's been the liaison here. So both Europe and Mr. Boschman deserves some kudos. But it doesn't end with that. Dr. Norvell has done a yeoman's job here pulling together the last minute stuff. And Dee Manzi, of course, is always in her supportive role. We're very appreciative of that. And then, of course, we come to the person who is primarily responsible for this thing. And it's Jane Flora. And Mrs. Flora is in the back. Without her, we're at the first annual. There aren't any more. So she is just an incredible resource and I can't think of her nearly enough. I don't know if you're all aware, but Mrs. Flora is leaving us and going to Virginia. And she's shown me the photos and it's quite a spectacular. It's not Tara, but it's getting close. Her place sits up on a hill. You can see the river in front. It's green. I accused her of going to a studio and making a picture, but she assures me it's real. So it's quite nice there. And she and her husband are going there very shortly and we want to wish her the very best. I don't think I'm letting anything out of the bag here. I'm glad that we're doing an event for her tomorrow. A luncheon for Mrs. Flora. I knew she knew. I mean, she knows everything. But we're starting approximately noon and you are all welcome to join us and say farewell to Mrs. Flora. Thank you if you're able to come. Tonight is also the night that we start by recognizing some important academic achievements. And the first is to recognize the Dean's Award winner for Outstanding Graduate in the Masters in Leadership Program. The battle for supremacy was a tie. And so there are actually two winners of that award. Charles DeSance is right here with us. Mr. DeSance, would you come up front? And Jen Shraja is not with us to see him yet? He's supposed to. I thought he was too. Well, if he's delayed, we'll be sure to make sure he gets it in the mail. Or however. So Mrs. Flora, would you and Dean Manning join us? Dean Manning, would you be here? I'm very pleased to be involved with this. Congratulations, Jen. Don't tell him the story, tell him. Here, I have a few words. For a few words, I will tell you that the Masters of Leadership Program, when I was still in the Navy, I was looking for a degree, did a lot of research and found this program through Roger Williams University, and it really struck a chord with me. And from my very first class until my last class, I will tell you that the opportunity to use what was in the classroom went directly back to where I worked as the director of the Navy Senior Enlisted Academy. And there are some courses that leadership design has won, communication has won, the diversity, and probably the most dangerous to make me better at was the negotiation of the course. And I think there's a fine line between negotiation and manipulation. So, with those skills from that course, I was able to negotiate a much better outcome for our Academy at the down-of-the-boot part than without those skills. So, please, it's not a grade. It really is your future. Take as much out of these classes as you can, because you will use it later on, if not already. Thank you very much. We also have an award for the outstanding graduate in the MPA. And the gentleman who is the awardee took my advice, which many students don't. He has a family, a full-time job, all kinds of other responsibilities, and so I told him, do yourself a giant favor and take one course a semester. And he, like so many others who've heard that advice, said, Now, when he got to PA 599, which is the capstone data-gathering portion of the two-course capstone sequence, he came to the office and you know what he said to me, his first word was, I can't believe it's over! So, if you take it one course at a time and save your GPA, it'll be over before you know it. So, Paul Schenle, things. One of the first things that stuck in my mind about public administration was one of the lectures of Dr. Hall. We talked about high-performing organizations who encourage their employees to be a life-moving, I don't know if you remember that lecture, but that really stopped with me the importance of education and what the master's program has done for me in my life. I took a 25-year break from the time I got my undergraduate degree to my graduate degree, and I debated on whether to get a degree in criminal justice or public administration. And when I looked at the curriculum, hands down with this public administration. And as the Speaker of Reformy said, this is something I've used in my position as Deputy Chief of Police at Brown University. And I know many of you are here, you may be thinking you can get ahead and work with this, and that's right, but I want you to think that you should be here for yourself. And always strive to learn and be the best you can at what you do. And I think for me, when I graduated, it was one of the biggest accomplishments of my life. And I can't thank Dr. Hall enough for being there to support and gene in every one of the programs, and also along the way I got to meet some great people, which I hope you do, that were there to help me in my endeavor in class. So remember, it's not about the destination, it's about the journey. You learn as much as you can, and you can certainly take this information and get far, far ahead of many people. And just from being in class and working full-time, I admire you and I say that to everyone. Every one of the students in here has already exhibited something better by demonstrating that they want to learn. So thank you. Three award winners took everything, Dean Manzi, Dr. Norvell, myself, and Mrs. Flora through Ethel. So they can persevere and do it. I think they're role models for us all. The Masters in Public Administration, the Masters of Science and Leadership programs, along with Rye Aspa, have over the years worked with the Pawtucket Schools and their two academies. One at Shea High School, which is the Government and Public Service Academy. The only one in the United States. And the Tullman on Law and Public Safety Academy. Unfortunately, the representatives of those two academies in the school districts were otherwise occupied this evening. I take that back. I didn't see him come in. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Sousa, Chris Sousa. Chris is coming.  So please keep in mind our school teachers. Mr. Sousa does a wonderful job. And I have had the privilege of going into his classroom and seeing his kids. And over the years, I go in there and give them stuff to do. Because part of what happens is, if they do it, they become eligible for three college credits from Roger Williams University, which are transferable elsewhere. But also, they become members of the Rhode Island chapter of ASPA and National ASPA. And they're the only high school students in the entire nation who are members of ASPA. So I've given them a lot of weird stuff to do, they thought, I think. I had them do videos once, and we had public service messages. I've had them do sketch up with Mr. Bocheman, a software package that allows them to do 3D re-imaginings, buildings such as their classrooms, and they have never disappointed. And some of them have gone on to rather distinguish educational careers. One young lady is at Georgetown University on full scholarship. So these are people who have overcome some significant obstacles. And if you really want to find out about them and the story that goes with Mr. SZA and all the schools, may I invite you to look at the fall issue of teaching public administration in which you will find an article that I put together telling the story of teaching public administration in international terms. So there will be people throughout the United States as well as Western Europe and even Asia who will see that story. It is the story to be proud of. So Mr. Pascarello of our university, Roger Williams is not available, but Mr. Pascarello has been instrumental in putting together these programs. And I know that Dean Manzi will join me in the accolades that I give to Mr. Pascarello. He's a wonderful colleague. He himself was a long-term public school teacher here in Rhode Island. So he knows how to put together sound programs and he's a pleasure to work for. And he kits me about Oklahoma football, particularly when it moves, as was the case last weekend, so I had to report. Now, Ry Aspa is a part of the larger National Aspa Association. If you're not a member, Mrs. Flora has membership applications and she will be happy to take any money that you'd like to send in for your student membership, which is a minimum, I think, 50-40 bucks, or you can apply online. And we held Ry Aspa elections this past September and the ballots were done on paper in secret. No human hands other than Mrs. Flora has touched them and while she's not priced waterhouse, she is trustworthy and counting than Mrs. Flora. Could you share with us the results? Drum roll, please. So I received 18 ballots, along with the two names, Dr. Hall and Dr. Norbell, Vice President for Dr. Norbell, President for Dr. Hall. There was a line where you could write in if you preferred somebody. You wanted to vote for somebody else for President, Vice President. Nobody did that. So there were 18 ballots and so I got 18 votes for Dr. Hall for President and 18 votes for Dr. Norbell. But more important was to get a strong board takeover and to move forward for the club, the organization. And so what I did is I took all the ballots and I found those that got the most votes. I took the top five. The top five is William White, Carinelle Ramirez, she's not here tonight, Sasha Zapata, Chantal Bhima, and George Levante. I got additional votes and so I thought, well, I think we need all alternates. Not everybody can come every night. I think a bigger group probably gives a stronger group members who can have diverse ideas and, you know, can move things along and not overwhelm a few people. So alternates receiving two votes was Paul Johnston, Brian Chacon, Vicki Walters, and Michael O'Brien. It doesn't mean that, you know, you can say that you don't want to be on the board. That's fine. I don't think being on the board, being the top five or the alternates, I think you really are just all board members and I think you can all work together and find a future for the program, for the organization. Thank you, Mrs. Lauren. Thank you to all the winners. In addition to that election, there's another one for ASPA coming in November. And that's for the National Council. My term ended in March at the Chicago meeting, but apparently they thought enough of the work I did with them that they encouraged me to run again. So that election is being held in November. If you were a member of ASPA and live and work in District One, which is us, from New England to New York, I would encourage you to participate and I would appreciate your vote. So that gives us a voice on the Council that very few other chapters get. And speaking of voices, Dr. Norvell will be going to Washington, D.C. in November 7th. She's going to be taking my place. I have a trip planned that can't be cancelled. But in taking my place, she's going to be presenting to other chapter members, other chapter officers from around the nation, as well as the National Council, the executives of ASPA, all the staff, and the elected officials of ASPA, President, Vice President, and so on. And importantly, the topic is taking your chapter to the next level. Now, Dr. Norvell and I have been discussing this. And until recently, we weren't aware that we were at another level. But apparently we are. And that's what she's going to talk about. Now we got there, I guess. Now part of that has to do with we've had the last Mrs. Florek, the last five ASPA Presidents, the last five National ASPA Presidents come to our May conference. And Dean Manzi has been able to meet some of them, as well as the Vice President and the current President, was the Vice President, female. The incoming President was currently Vice President, female. So we had a diverse and representative group. If you're not a member of ASPA, may I encourage you to be part of it? I think it's an important part of your professional development. And it puts another line on your resume. Now, in regard to ASPA, you were asked this morning or this evening to sign in. There's a reason for that. First we want to know who you are and say hello. But our own Vicki Walters and Sasha Zapata, ladies, which you stand to be recognized, they joined our program in the spring of this year, but have become leaders. And they, how shall we put this, Mr. Potta, Ms. Walters? There's our own negotiation class. It was. It was. And the negotiation was over after credit. Hold on there, Ms. Schwartz. And I said, how much? And they said 20 points. I said more like one. And they said, how about five? I said two and a half. So we went back and forth, but I said, here's what's got to happen.  Because what I'm going to ask you also to do is be part of the May conference and create a panel. And be part of that conference and impress the people who are coming from National Astley yet again. So there's extra credit available for my classes. Dr. Norvell has agreed, perhaps under some duress, to provide extra credit. Yes, negotiation. Very strenuous negotiation. But you also have to take part in the spring. So if you want extra credit, I think we can work on that, but we will need your efforts. So those who were elected to the council, Pryespa Council, will be some of the folks to take the lead. But I don't want them to do it alone. And I know that you're all creative. And when those people from New York or from where they come in from, Washington, show up, I want you to show them that we've taken Pryespa to the next level. And Mrs. Flora, I don't understand your code. Professor Ford also. Professor Ford's 513. Did you get rubbed into it also? Yes. Professor Ford, thank you so much. We welcome your participation, certainly. And the May event is a Wednesday, I believe it's May 4, so mark that when you're up, Helen. Now, we turn to tonight's feature presentation. We have tonight a very distinguished young woman who has kindly accepted my challenge to talk about our program theme this year. Along with the academies, Pryespa, the membership of programs and the faculty, and Roger Williams, we try to develop a theme each year. This year, the theme is working with people in crisis. And I think tonight's keynoter is a wonderful example of exactly the kinds of crises that are faced by many, many people. And when I first met her and I talked to her about doing this, my first question to her was, do you work with people in crisis? Her response was, every day. And we were just commiserating before. It may not only be just every day, but every hour and probably every minute of every hour. So this is the lady who knows her business. She has worked in the community in a number of capacities. And Miss Cipriani, you will be interested to know that she has worked with the Latina Leadership Institute. Our own Miss Cipriani is finishing her capstone and she's using the Latina Leadership Institute as her area of work. Our keynoter has graduated Magna Cum Laude and she does the kind of resource work that Pryespa can benefit from. Ladies and gentlemen, join me in welcoming Doris De La Santos. Good evening, everyone. I'm very, very honoured to join you this evening and to share with you some of my life and work experience as it relates to the theme of working with people in crisis. I would like to thank specially Jane Flora, for answering my questions and keeping the information flowing to me, as well as to Michael Holm, the director of the program, for inviting me but also taking this program to that next level. It's very, very suited that we are hosting that Year Up is hosting today's program because actually Year Up is an example of taking urban youth from the community and providing them with the support and the connections and the skill sets that they need to actually move up in their professional and career path. So thank you, Year Up, for opening the doors. I would also like to congratulate Charles, James and Paul, the recipients of the leadership recognition tonight. And as Dr. Holm mentioned, I'm the Executive Director of Development, Partnerships and Community Engagement for the Providence Public Schools. He had asked me to keep you entertained for the next 20 minutes, so I will try to do my best to do that. Just to let me share a piece of my background besides what Dr. Holm mentioned. So I'm an immigrant from the Dominican Republic and you can tell that because I have my accent. I came to the United States as an adult, 24, 25 years old, not knowing the language. I came being a professional back in my home country, landed in a factory because that's the reality of many immigrants that come to the States looking for better opportunities, but one thing I knew is that that wasn't going to last. And so many years later, with my husband and my family, my kids 13 and 16, I have, I try constantly to improve the community that I live, then to live by example. And so I take very, to my heart, the mantra of if not now when, if it is not new then don't. And so that's what I try to do with the work that I do, both professionally and professionally. And as I begin to talk about the work we do in Providence Public Schools and how we support the stress communities, I would like to pose a question to all of you and I want you to just sit on that question until then when I'm going to, I'm planning to retake that question.  Like I said, just think for a few seconds and I'm going to come back to that question at some point later. So Providence Public Schools, for many of you may have an idea about what Providence Public Schools is, many of you may not. And I have discovered, find out this, that while Providence Public Schools is the largest district in the state, what I'm going to talk about is the district in the state with the district that housed the largest elementary school in the region, the Northeast region, not many people really know the diversity, the numbers behind the Providence Public Schools fabric, the challenges and opportunities. So Providence Public Schools serves approximately 24,000 students. And the families of those 24,000 students amount to about 17,000. We have 41 schools, elementary, middle and high. We have thousands of employees who directly and indirectly support the work that we do, which is serving our students because the students are the center of everything we do and that's what the way to be. A few more quick statistics for me to share with you about the district and the fabric of the community that we serve is that 65% of our students are Latinos. 17 are Black and 5% are Asian. So you do the math and we serve more than 90% diverse students and their families. Almost 25%, almost 25% of the students are English language learners themselves or their families. And nearly 60% of our student population comes from homes where English is not their primary language. Combined, our students and their families speak 31 different languages and hail from approximately 52 different countries. Not only do many of our families face cultural and language differences and majority face some incredible economic hardships at home. Most of our district, about 88% of the students qualify for free and reduced lunch. We are challenged daily with supporting families that are also homeless and of refugee status. That's kind of like the crisis that Dr. Ho was talking about that I alluded to. Academic achievement gaps persist particularly among English language learners and students with disabilities. And you may be asking you why I'm changing all these statistics with you. So I'm changing all of this with you not to simply state that our urban district faces challenges others may not. I'm changing this with you so that you can help open the door to so many incredible new opportunities and further the success of our public schools. Each year at graduation night we are touched and we are deeply touched by the stories of so many of our seniors and the unbelievable obstacles that they have to overcome to receive their degrees. There are stories of students living in refugee camps losing their parents living on their own overcoming language barriers and those who were told that they could never make graduation night never mind to college. Despite their race, feminist income, zip code or history each student shares one threat. The opportunity for success in our schools and in society. Each day our faculty, educators, staff and community partners dedicate themselves to our students and supporting their achievement from our teachers in the classroom to school crisis teams that provide more support to students overcoming all of those challenges. One thing is clear and consistent throughout the work that we do every day. It indeed takes a village. It indeed takes that village to see continued momentum and progress. Take for example our current efforts to combat chronic absenteeism. This continues to be a major issue in our province public schools and this is for so many reasons. Last school year 35% of our students were chronically absent and we know that if a student is not in school the student is not learning what they need to do to be equipped to graduate college and career ready. It is clear that this is particularly helpful for our youngest students and by tackling the problem we can help prevent them from falling behind. We have identified this as a problem and as a priority issue in our district and we are working very hard with the community partners that we have in the district including City Year and Children and Youth Cabinet on a number of strategies to address this issue. In addition to that this year we are making data on the school level throughout the year to the schools so that they can take decisions within a timely manner as we know the school year flies and it is very critical to provide the schools with the tools, the information and the data they need to determine the progress that the students are making. In addition to our work to end chronic absenteeism we have also launched an effort to prevent summer learning loss which disproportionately affects low income students and a student of color in the public school system and what did I say about the demographics? 97% are minority students and students have the greatest risk for summer learning loss can lose listen to this up to two years two years of grade level reading and math ability by the time they reach fifth grade when you compare them to other students from higher income levels or households in Providence more than 60% of students suffer summer learning loss in reading a more than 51% in math studies show in research that students from lower income families are far less likely to have access to summer learning opportunities which leads to greater summer learning loss in lower graduation rates. We have just recently formed a new summer task force which is led by the mayor's office and I have the privilege to co-chair that task force along with Jenny Johnson from CIG here and we are going to be working very diligently to identify opportunities to expand and enhance those opportunities that we are offering to our students during the summer time. We have definitely to think creatively in tapping to important partnerships to be sure that our students continue to have those learning opportunities that are so key to the ability of them to achieve success. I can tell you that I have been very impressed by the support and the work and the collaboration of so many partners in the community more specifically with this work of the task force of the summer learning loss. We have received support from United Way Breakthrough Providence AES-220 YMCA, the Providence Public Library and the Rhode Island Foundation just to name a few. In addition to all this, as a district, as an organization and as a system we have a fairly responsibility to allocate resources in a smart and responsible way, making sure that the every dollar that we allocate is bringing a return on investment and it's aligned with the work that we are set to do, which is providing the opportunities in preparing our kids college and career ready. And speaking about return on investment our families are a key element of that equation and they must be also part of the solution. Our responsibility is in finding ways to increase our family's capacity to aspire to do better to become agents of change in their kids education. We have a responsibility to identify the barriers of engagement and to remove those barriers. And as part of this we have expanded our English language classes for parents. We have also expanded our leadership training opportunities and we are planning to provide additional family engagement support to the elementary schools where chronic absenteeism is more prevalent and the plan is to do whatever it takes to get our students to a school every day. It is very clear that we are committed to helping our public schools succeed. As the largest public school district in Rhode Island, as I mentioned before, working hands on with our schools and students has the potential to make a greater impact. Now my goal is not just to stand before you and pretend that we have an easy path. Individually and collectively we need to remind ourselves of the realities that our students face as well as their families which are behind those numbers that I share with you at the beginning. When a student is acting up or when a parent is not showing up at least not to the satisfaction of the adults and the community we are at times very, very fast to jump to conclusions without accounting and attempting to address there's so many variables and dynamics at play and that's very counterproductive to be more precise some of these dynamics in the level of complexities extend beyond the school rules. We are talking about kids witnessing trauma both at home and in the community. We are talking about substance and mental health issues that are not addressed. We are talking about a father or a mother absence from home because one of them is a jail because one is dead or because there is just one person at home. We are talking about a student that is restless because he is left in a sofa or in a car because they are homeless. We are talking about the lack of participation of students in the summer program so in the after school program to close that learning gap but the truth of the matter is that they cannot attend to those programs because they have transportation issues and they have to work during the summer to help mom and dad make a needs at home. We are talking about the student missing schools because health conditions because they live in substandard conditions exposed to lead more than they'll do and many other environmental hazards so that's the reality we face and I hope that this helps to paint the picture that we face every day and our families and our students and in order to support them the way that we should and must we have to put ourselves in the shoes. Personally I use an analogy that I learned some time ago and have served me very well and it's a very simple. No matter how flat you make a pancake it always has two sides always it doesn't matter how thin it is and one of the greatest limitation we face as human beings is that we look at the world from our own limited perspective you have to develop the ability to really see through one other person's eyes you will be tapping into an incredible powerful potential how can you influence other people if you cannot connect with them in a meaningful way you impact when you understand someone's currency feeling in circumstances isn't measurable that's why you always have to flip the pancake to see the other side now speaking about impact let me go back to that question I asked you at the beginning have you changed someone's life in the work that you do now if you have not I invite you to open yourself to that possibility it is truly truly transformational and it's more transformational for the one that is giving than the one we see them I have felt the transformation in the eyes of that student that thought that he couldn't make it I struggled painfully throughout the years but was able to work that stage in the graduation day I have seen it in the eyes and the words of gratitude of that mom that went to learn English and then was able to communicate effectively with the teacher of her child I have seen it in the eyes of that teacher that was appreciated by her colleagues and her students I encourage you as you continue to dive further into your professional careers to think about so many so many ways that you can share your knowledge skill and success and as I like to say time, talent and treasure so that you can help our province public schools in my distinction you actually help the community the city and the state and the nation that is so grateful with all of us and that can become in a form of volunteering tutoring offering internships opportunities for our students donating resources the opportunities are endless please become involved invested in the well-being of our students and remember in the larger school system in the state and hopefully one day the students that you help guide and support will stand behind you and behind this podium providing words of wisdom to you and to the next generation I would like to thank you all for this opportunity and I look forward of working with all of you to help Providence become a better place thank you yes senior data service I was nominated for Gringo of the year in Texas Mr. Bauchman says I speak Spanish oh I didn't use that sir I wouldn't even call it that questions for our guests as you can see we have a diverse audience in working with the diversity of the community given the problems that you have described to us what special skills do you think are necessary and the diversity of the community kind of work on those problems the children will tell you I will say that at the top of that yes it's being compassion and being compassion until putting yourself in that place of the other person and when you do that you actually start understanding beginning to understand the realities that the community and the students population faces and it may look like a very overwhelming and very discouraging but if you keep reminding yourself that this nation will be first actually a nation of people from different backgrounds and experiences that coming together in the public we are and by that diversity we become stronger I think that you are better able to equip yourself to understand the community and to serve them and instead of pointing fingers which is what at times we resort to it becomes more of a human level connection and you are able to see through the values and the contributions of families and people across the board so again I will say that being compassionate because that's what allows you to place yourself in the other and you were building partnerships, formal partnerships in the community so I briefly alluded to that piece when I talked about return on investment so what ended up happening over the years right so there is so much need in provenance and so many opportunities every time I talked about need I always talked about opportunities because I see one very connected to the other we fall into the trap of thinking that every single person coming to the door or every single organization that would like to help is actually helping us to move the needle and we know if we apply the concept of organizational structure and the business the pure business concept that's not true this needs to be aligned to the work that we do and so engaging in a partnership just because of the sake of putting something on a paper is meaningless at the end of the day if it's not providing the support that families, students and teachers and faculty need to move that needle so we are really making sure that number one we are conducting a scan of all the partnerships that we have to determine if the partners that we have are the right partners to have and to move right because this is a collaboration and it's about giving and taking that's what a partnership is there needs to be something in it for both parties to be in a partnership for it to work and so we are going to be engaging in that difficult discussion with the partners that we have to make sure that partners align to the work that we are trying to achieve and as we are looking to expand and to strengthen we are doing so through those instances one thing that is clear and it's being clear of discussion is that not only the province public schools but the city is facing a very financial very difficult financial challenges and so the dollars that we have on the table to engage in partnerships that entails a procurement process meaning that we are paying for the services that we provided are not many so we are more than ever depending upon the good heart of people in the community and by people in the community I'm talking about individuals but I'm also talking about businesses, organizations corporations, colleges and universities to actually do what is right for the people of the city and the state but we are also trying to change the dynamic and to talk about the business proposition which is that as we have heard this as goes the capital so goes the state and the fact that we need to come together to prepare the workforce that we need with the skill set that we need and at the end and I think that we were talking about this so it's making the connection so at the end of the day the workforce that is skilled is the one that is going to increase the tax base and so this notion that investing in schools and public education may be a waste of dollars really we need to think that through because by actually investing in education we are actually making the connection long term to all those issues that I talked about when you talked about community development so the more disposable income that people are able to generate the more likely they will not be living in some standard conditions the more likely they will be able to afford opportunities for their kids and at times really I'm not going to say the only difference because that will be deceiving but one of the biggest differences between a kid in an urban community and a kid in a non-urban community are the opportunities that are forwarded to them within and after school and we are all responsible for making it that happen and so it goes beyond like I said before it goes way beyond just the walls of the schools because we all contribute to creating those conditions and we also know that the subject is his or her environment and so to an extent we all contribute to all these challenges and so it's incumbent upon each one of us to contribute to changing that and to make the connections because we tend to point fingers and it's that the educational system is so awful let me look this other way and there are other opportunities which are not or speaking the case but the reality is that at the end of the day public education traditional public education is the way that the masses are educated and that will continue to be the case until we figure something out so if that's the case let's fund it and let's invest so that we can achieve the results that we need I noted in this morning's providence journal the mayor announces a new community development project where he's going to rehabilitate houses will that be a health hindrance or totally neutral to the way we try actually it's a tremendous help like I said one of the so one of the indicators who are poor performance in school is living in some standard conditions we know that asthma is the reason why students in all my communities meet schools health related right and so asthma is the trigger by those sub standards conditions so addressing the housing realities of the city definitely is a contributor to improving those conditions and so that's the way that I think we should be looking at all the issues that we have in our society instead of trying to divide and say education is the only housing to be the only healthcare access to be the only no because one cannot coexist without the other so definitely I think that is a help glad to hear it good thank you maybe just an example because you spoke about the importance of corporate partnerships and I love what you said about time talent and treasure it's one of the most rewarding programs that I participated in through my company is the it used to be called VIPS inspiring minds the power lunch program where we just ask co-workers to give up one lunch break a week with children in one province elementary schools so Dr. Hall always says not all leaders are managers and I'm not a manager in my organization but I negotiated hard enough to organize a team of volunteers and when you asked your first question about affecting someone else's life and making an impact that's exactly the group of children that popped into my mind and it was zero dollars financially other than well maybe some you know people went a little bit over in their lunch times but it made a huge impact in my mind and then one of the other things that you mentioned was truancy issues and one of the big programs that I get to be a part of at AAA which is a company I work for is school safety patrol and we trained student leaders because it's really a safety and leadership program to help be walking school buses to school to help in neighborhoods where you know parents were perceiving the neighborhoods maybe not so safe to allow their children to walk alone but yet because of work schedules or other issues we're able to take their you know transport their children to school themselves so just a little tiny piece of what my company was able to contribute and I felt both programs made a big impact and I'm glad that you were mentioning those two programs because sometimes people may think that their time is not valued or that perhaps is so insignificant that lead a program I can tell you that the volunteers that come through the power lunch through what it was inspired minds and depth volunteers in Providence and now inspired minds is transformational we have leaders in their own right coming to read to the students so it really opens the world of opportunities and wonder to the kids it establishes relationships and connections that otherwise the students may not have so also with you know with that of the program the reality is that we and we are not necessarily so way different than any other urban communities not only in the state but across the nation so we have workability issues in the city we have pedestrian friendly city in many areas safety crime perceived or not is an issue and so research shows that chronic absenteeism is more prevalent in elementary rates K through 3 K through 3rd grade and so what happen is that again going back to all those challenges so mom or dad may have a job and they have to be at their job at 6am the only way for that kid to go to school is walking a distance that that adult at home may not feel that safe and so if I don't have an adult that I can rely on to send that child to school more likely the child is going to stay or it's going to be it's going to be arriving to a school late until that other sibling that may have a later beginning time goes to a school and take that child to a school because of those conditions and so we have been able to work with so partners like Family Service of Rhode Island who has been able to recruit and manage hundreds of volunteers throughout the year to imaginary creating a bus and so it's actually people walking through the neighborhoods picking up kids at their doorsteps in their home and walking them to school and that happens mornings and afternoons in a handful of schools that we have and I'm glad that you mentioned that because again those are many creative ways that we have used to tapping to resources and trying to address the needs that we see again to make sure that students get to school every day and that we prepare their college and career ready so thank you for that Anything else? We thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule away from your family and all your other responsibilities to be with us and we benefit from it They must be texting mom already Probably, thank you We have someone like who wants to be with us tonight and I look forward to being able to put together two more programs this year with equally spectacular speakers so mark your calendars for March 2 and May 4 and if anybody wants to join me over at 205 Washington Street for tutoring session questions about classes, I'll be over there in a few moments and help yourselves to some more refreshments before you leave because I only have a limited number of freezer bags so thank you for coming and if you haven't signed in be sure you do that so we can get this Thank you, good night Ms. Jenica


New-new-new-new new new new new new new new new new new new new new What's up, okay, we've got this ESP 32 S3 box 3b, which is a versions of popular S3 box It's like it got a display and it's got a little case and it's got a thingy it plunge into This is just a lower cost version that doesn't come with sensors So we have a slightly more expensive one that comes with sensors and this one still has the the box ESP 32 S3 box and the stand but doesn't have the extra sensors sign up. We'll have in stock soon We also have coming soon two versions of our itsy-bitsy ESP 32 Designed this many many years ago, but during the parts shortage We weren't able to get it out the door, but now it's uh, it lives again clearing up my my long to-do list So this is an itsy-bitsy sized board. So it's got 20 GPIO and power pins Micro USB because I want it to be compatible with the other itsy-bitsy boards in case you have an enclosure You can swap out whichever one you want. I don't want to have maybe I'll make a version with USB C later On the bottom. It has a USB C USB serial converter chip and some markings and Alternate battery input if desired We also have a version with a WFL connector designed by Hiroshi, by the way, in case you're wondering There's a stem and QT port on the top Neopixel on both of them User button reset button and then auto reset circuitry This is really great for very small IOT projects that need ESP 32, which has Wi-Fi Bluetooth classic blue since low energy. We support it in circuit Python has great Arduino support It's also a micro Python support and a lot of other chips as well the ESP 32 is like a very standardized Chip what's really nice about this board is it's got Very very good low power capability. I just tested it before the show 10 micro amps in deep sleep, which is like Incredibly low. It's as low as the ESP 32 can get so by kind of designing some nice way using a good regulator on it You could definitely use this for very low power IOT projects or any project where you just need More pins in the QT pie, but you don't need as many as a feather and there's also one pin that's shifted up to five volts So great for neopixel projects all right Yeah, it's the bottom is the same just this one has a WFL connector. Okay next up This is not 100 bags, but this project is for 100 bags We've been using a heat sealer to ship products because they're less likely to accidentally open They're sealed they're faster they get auto barcoded We love our heat sealer But we still have a lot of these bags left over because we had to buy a lot of them a couple years ago And we still use them for some products But we still have a lot and we would like to sell them to you because some people want them So if you would like 100 of these adorable 2 by 3 inch approximately Zip top anti-static bags You can now pick them up at packs of 100 for a couple bucks a piece It's a really good deal help us clear out our inventory and you can reuse them as many times as you like Great for storing little electronic parts. I'll say I store my prototypes in these little bags. Okay next up Next up there's a revision for the flora neopixels Sheets so for a very long time. We were using the WS 2811 s which was the first version of the all-in-one neopixel LED And what's cool about that chip is it can handle up to 9 volt DC power, but that chip is pretty much discontinued so now we've changed up for the SK 6812 which is You know our standard Neopixel compatible LED You know, this is the same size same pinout same shape same everything the only difference is you can no longer use it With voltages above five point seven five point five volts So sorry if you were having to power your projects from six to nine volts You can't do that anymore without a regulator a buck converter But in exchange because I'm not no longer using a chip that I have to LED chip after chase after the price is lower So drop the price. This is a great deal if you want to have little soable LEDs You're the misheat. Just pop them out and trim them yourself Okay, and then next up the starship besides you lady our team our staff and everybody make it think it is Yay, it's the Neo RGB stem aboard This is the board I designed for myself because I was so tired of wiring up analog RGB LED strips with transistors and You know resistors and power connectors and like whatever whatever I want to make it really easy to control analog LED strips That's LED strips that don't have neopixels in them. A lot of them use five Sorry these 12 volts Or even higher but 12 volts is the most popular And so now I have a board where you have neopixel signal in like your standard neopixel that comes from any microcontroller Or even a Raspberry Pi these days and on the output you have three common anode RGB channels plus power and ground you can act through the terminal block and It acts like a single very very bright very large neopixel You can also use this with any time you have like an LED array that has PWM bull PWM Inputs this will basically do the PWM bull control eight bits per channel 24 bits total and then you just treat it like a neopixel So, you know again wonderful if you Have analog neon or LED strip or something you're you know for some reason you want to you know They're definitely for for long extends extensions They're cheaper than using neopixels and you don't have individual LED control within the strip But maybe you don't need that Maybe you want to like do a single color for the entire thing. So I have a demo on overhead So this is my standard at mega 328 metro Arduino compatible and I'm powering it from 9 volt here. So this is 9 volt power. I connect the red wire To the stem a board from VN. So it's 9 volts Ground to ground and then the neopixel signal.  So it's the 12 volt power And then this just acts like a neopixel student neopixel swirl. So It's great because this can handle three amps per channel up to 16 volts So if you have like a gigantic star RGB LED or again, like you have a gigantic plate or LED strips and you don't have to be RGB LED strips if you have white like that, you know not a Cool warm or natural white or sometimes there's LED strips that are analog that have Color mixing so you can have you can change from cool to warm to neutral white You could basically have this act as if it was a neopixel and again make it a lot easier to control If you're using more than two amps total We recommend not going through the jstph. Just go through the terminal block. So you just power directly from the the terminal block here and You can control again, you know nine amps total between all three channels One thing I will mention is that if you're using RGBW LED strip this only supports three channels I haven't quite found a chip that supports four channels yet that is neopixel compatible So you have a choice of either just controlling through the channels or there is You know an output pin Here if you want to chain you could connect The fourth channel on a second one of these and then just control it as it was the second neopixel afterwards You just do the the logic for you can you treat it as two neopixels the first one is rgb and the second one is just w Um, but I'll let you know or sometimes again some strips at five channels again You'd use two of these one for each set of three So I think this will make wiring a lot easier for people. Definitely make my demos a lot faster So, uh, hopefully folks enjoy it. I know erin who does a lot of new pixel projects has already been excited She's like, yeah, I can't wait to use this to already simplify some wiring on a project. I did for a tiki bar And that's new


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