All right, so we'll call the order of the special airport commission meeting at 4.05 p.m. The first item on the agenda is recording in progress. Do I hear a motion to approve the agenda as presented. So moved. How it has approved. Is there a second. Second. Seconded by Eric. Any discussion. Hearing not all those in favor adopting the agenda as presented please signify by saying aye. Aye. Any opposed. That carries unanimously. Item three is public forum. I don't see anyone on the call Hannah is there anyone in the room from the public. Nope. Okay. Then we will close down public forum move on to action items. The first one is item 4.01. The second item is related to north terminal renovations and do I hear a motion to accept recommend exceptions of the FAA grant and the contract with email birth construction for renovations in the north terminal. So moved. That's been moved by Helen. Is there a second. I think I saw Greg's head for the second. All right. Discussion. This will be Nick and Larry. This is a kind of a second step to opening up the terminal integration project, which again is opening this Thursday at 10 a.m. soft opening and then it'll officially be open next week for the public. This is the complete other end of the airport north concourse where American Airlines and United Airlines are. This is the second floor. This is just shy of a $2 million project which will renovate that existing space. Essentially where the north security checkpoint is today will be retrofitted to allow additional seating and additional capacity, specifically for those two airlines and it does require some relocation of concessions. We did add the plan set in there so you can take a take a peek into it. It moves things around changes the exit door add some automation to that exit door. And like I said it does require Hudson news to relocate and they're very happy to do so they're they're in fact going to reinvest into the airport which is outside of this this scope. We did go out to bed about a couple months ago and angle birth was the lowest apparent bitter. It which is a really convenient actually because they also are the contractor for the terminal integration project which does have some work up on the north security checkpoint already as part of that project. So very exciting opens up the door for for new seating new new new space for our public. Nick one other quick thing is the existing escalators and stairway will be removed there'll be more space on the first floor, people giving their luggage and obviously more space upstairs because there will be that that hole there anymore. Thank you commissioners any any questions. No. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you for the information on this the memo that's going to the board of finance and city council as well as the other three memos. Nick they still say you're the acting director. So it's up to you if you want to change that or not. That's my fault I'll fix that. Yeah. Thank you. That's a pay increase. All right. Any further discussion. I have a favor of these recommendations. Please signify by saying I. I. Any opposed. That carries unanimously. Item 4.02 is the south apron and taxiway Gulf. Contract so do we hear much into act recommend the acceptance of an SPA grant as well the contract with ECI oil Tanner and. and taxiway golf extension and the related budget amendment. So moved. Moved by Helen. Is there a second? I'll find it. Thank you, Eric, for the second discussion. So Nick and Larry again. Larry, you wanna go through this one? Sure. This basically is extending taxpayer golf and a general aviation apron down towards, in the quarry, adjacent to the new manufacturing facility by Beta. It was bid out. We had three bidders, a Cassella construction, SD Ireland and engineers construction. Engineers was the lowest bidder and acceptable obviously to us. They've done a lot of good work here when they worked here. So the only nuance to this is that the FAA only pays to within 50 feet of that of Beta's manufacturing facility. So they will have to reimburse us for those costs for that 50 feet to connect to our general aviation. This is a brand new apron too. That'll be open to all general aviation. This is a pretty substantial, this is over a $5 million apron project. This is a substantial new space for the Burlington Airport which is really exciting. It supports folks like Beta, but it also supports the overall GA community. This didn't require any fill, right? That's sort of farther south. Actually the majority of the excavation and material is being removed by Beta down there. We will be making some adjustments to put the appropriate sub base in for the bituminous apron, but the piles of materials down there are being moved by Beta. Thank you. On the project location map, is this number 18 or is it somewhere else on the map here? It's in the courier, it's 18 years. Okay, that's what I thought. Thank you. Yeah, that's a good point, Eric, actually. So this is the furthest south that the airport property extends. This is not in the Northwest quadrant. This isn't anywhere up there. This is the south. This is going to be the very southern apron of the airport closer to the Wilston Road property. Any further discussion from councillors? Yes, go ahead, Greg. On the revenue side, it mentions the Interfund Transfer Proceeds. Can someone explain that to me, please? Greg, great question. Oh, there. So the Interfund Transfer, we have a grant like this. It's funded 90% by the FAA. So the 10% that we have left, that's what we call our local share. And that typically, if there is enough state funding, which there hasn't been, but the formula calls for 6% coming from the state of Vermont and then 4% coming from the airport. In our case, what we do, if the state funding is not adequate, because it's across all of our grants, we have a cap under the state of Vermont. They give us a half a million dollars a year. So we have more needs than that with these grants. So once we expend that and hit our cap, the rest is on us. So it may be up to 10% at worst case, 10% of airport would be covering the local share. What we are allowed to do, this qualifies to be reimbursed under the PFCs. So that's the passenger facility charges. It is a per ticket charge for everybody who flies a leg out for Burlington. And so we bring in quite a bit of money that, and then we have to put together applications to spend that money. So that is how we go ahead and essentially reimbursed the airport for covering those local shares. So that's what we call an inter-fund transfer. It's just that's an accounting side of things where our auditors want us to show it that way on for our financial statement purposes. Thank you. Thank you, Marie. I just, I wasn't sure if it meant that you were going from one line item to another in terms of the inter-fund transfer, but that explains it. One follow up question on that, since it is sort of like a user fee, I'm just sort of curious, what's, any idea what the added plus per ticket is? You're talking about your question specific to the PFCs? Yes. Yes. So it's $4 a ticket. That is set by the- $4.50. Oh, $4.50, sorry. Yep. $4.50 a ticket and it is set. So when you purchase a ticket or anybody purchases a ticket, you'll see taxes and fees and $4.50 out of that is a PFC fee. And all of the airlines, then they submit that to us. So any airlines that are, it's actually people that are coming into Burlington and landing their ultimate destination is Burlington. So we get the primary airlines, but sometimes we get some really interesting ones from around the world where somebody starts off some place and they end here, we'll get a check for 17 something dollars. You know, depending how many people fly in so that money is restricted. We have a separate bank account that's on the cash statement that I provide every month. We have a PFC account. It's very, very regulated and we can only use it once we apply to use it. We have to apply to collect the money and then we have to apply to be able to use the money. And when Marie is talking about applications this is a federal aviation administration program. So they set that cap of $4.50. It's up to an airport to essentially apply to the FAA, like Marie said, to collect those fees from the airlines. The airlines then have to have a consultation fee. We go through all of the projects that we're collecting on making sure that they approve and not just the airlines that you're used to, American United Delta. We're talking about all of the residual and smaller airlines as well. ExpressJet and PSA, every airline that operates out of Berlin to the airport. $4.50 is added to the ticket. The airlines do keep a small administrative fee of 11 cents and then we retain the $4.49. So it is an extensively large regulated FAA program to help airports fund either local shares or additional projects that the AIP program, which are the grants that you've seen approved in the past for those types of programs that the FAA can't fund because there's not enough budget. I will say just a big push and there's a national advocacy for all airlines and Burlington is one of them to expand that PFC program. The $4.50 has been like that for decades and there is significant capital and infrastructure needs that the FAA can't fulfill on the regular airport improvement program budget, but PFC programs could potentially fill that backstop. I don't see that going anywhere soon and it's a tricky situation with small hub airports. Of course we would like to slightly increase that but we also know of the highly competitive market in Burlington, we don't necessarily wanna see it take a price increase either. Thank you. I have a couple of questions. So we're talking about extending G so it meets the apron where beta is gonna have its facility, right? This will eventually go into the front, the hangar doors of the new manufacturing facility for beta. Golf won't but the apron will. You got it, yep. Yeah, so where is the golf gonna extend to? I think the number eight in there so it's just gonna go straight and then the apron will meet it. That's correct. If you look at that map again and the South Hangar there, the dark roofed hangar that's in the picture next to 18, the front of the beta manufacturing site is just about in line with that building.  So it's equivalent size to the Valley West apron. And then, okay so in theory that apron could be used by anybody in the valley. That's correct. This is a general aviation ramp. In fact, the FAA does not allow us to apply for grants unless it is public accessible and public use. Of course, there's a hangar that's right there, no different than any other hangar. So there's going to be procedures and rules and preferential parking for tenants that are adjacent to that area. No different than any other hangar on our airfield. You can't block a hangar door. Right, right. What about the other hangar that may become vacant in the future, the large one that also abuts that apron? Would that have access potentially? To the ramp? To the new apron. That's correct. To the new apron, that's correct. Off of taxiway golf. So logistically you'd have to move aircraft over movement area, getting into the technical stuff, but absolutely, this is absolutely available to any transient traffic or a based aircraft at the Burlington Airport. And does it not look... I mean, in reality, you're extending golf so that the beta facility can get to the airport, right? Otherwise, they wouldn't actually really have access. So how do you write that in for funding when it's... Yes, it's general aviation, but the real significant person that is benefiting from it, and the only reason you would even do it is because you have a new facility down there. Is that... That's not necessarily, yeah. So go ahead, Dixman. Yeah, not necessarily. This was part of our master plan. This new building is one of a new tenant of ours that is building off of this ramp space, but there's future availability and future concepts off of this apron that we haven't really dove into just yet. But no different than any other new tenant or new facility or new access to an airport, we need to extend that tax away golf to allow accessibility to the public use runway. So this isn't exclusive to beta. This isn't about beta. This is about a general aviation facility. This was also a huge... This has been on our master plan for decades, in fact. And the only reason that we're really able to move this forward ahead of time, this isn't part of our regular entitlement funds, our normal funds that we get from the FAA or our entitled amount, which is approximately 3.5 million per year. This is above and beyond that. This is not part of discretionary funding. We're not competing for this funding. This was a congressionally directed spending bill that allowed us to not necessarily have to justify the apron, which is what the FAA's language is. We just have to make sure that it's an eligible apron, which means it's publicly accessible. But we still couldn't move forward on it if beta wasn't coming up with the other part that they're contributing. No, that's not true. It's not true either. No, this apron is being built regardless of if beta is building or not. But it... Okay, so maybe I'm reading this wrong. So what is the part that they're contributing then? So under FAA rules, any apron space 50 feet from the edge of a building that is privately owned up to any federally funded apron is not eligible for federal funding because it's exclusive use space. So therefore this is not part of the grant application because of cost, because of the design of the work. We did go ahead and design it and bid it out as part of this project. It doesn't make sense to just bid out the 50 feet in front of the hanger. So that's what's not eligible and will have to be reimbursed or direct build to beta. I see. All right, because they have to make a general use but it stops short of the hanger. That's correct. If they want to connect to the apron, they need to build the 50 feet. That's funny. Ironic. Okay, and then so we don't need any other entryway like we have with, it's not even actually called anything, that little curve that goes up from the valley onto golf. It's sort of that no man's land, the tower can't see us. Oh, by the way, will the tower be able to see the new apron? Probably not. No, still a stealth apron. Okay, so it won't take a new connecting taxiway to meet golf to meet the apron. No, this golf will end at this new G.A. apron. Okay. All right, thank you. All right, any further discussion? Hearing none, all those in favor, please signify by saying hi. Hi. Hi. Any post? Carries unanimously. Item 4.03, do I hear a motion to recommend to the Board of Finance and City Council to enter into a contract with the Carlin Johnson for Burlington Tech Center Exploratory Works? I'll move. Second. And that will take my home. Discussion, Larry and Nick again. Yeah, so we talked about this a little bit at the last meeting, but this is now the contract with the Carlin Johnson to make sure that we as an airport are able to help as much as possible. We're thankful that there are residual funds from a previous grant that we are still able to use specifically for an aviation technical center for high school programs. As the memo states, it's just shy of about $680,000. So we're using this to support the school district's mission to set this, the particular use into study with the school districts. They have their own team, they have their own engineers on board already, but at least to collaborate with them to get a little bit ahead start. The grant funding, the $10 million that you may have seen in the news that the school district applied for is still coming their way, is still being processed. So this gets us a little bit of a head start, gets us a little bit moving forward and allowing alternate sites to be located. As soon as we have a better site map and a better site plan, we can also share that with you as well. It is a really exciting program. It supports that high school educational facility, which right now stands at about 25,000 square feet of space that the school district is requesting and is moving forward with those site alternatives through a contract with the airport, with McFarland Johnson to cite this. If there's additional funds remaining after we determine and with the school district where the site is located, then we're going to push some of these funding sources towards preliminary design work to help the school district even further. So very exciting program. Happy to, very happy to help out where we can, where the airport can. Without this funding, we would not have been able to budget or facilitate any additional funding or work with the school district. $680,000 is a substantial amount to get the ball rolling. So very happy and very excited to see what the next steps are. Chancellor, is there any questions for Nick? So is the first piece just to, the first part of the money to be used is to be used to figure out some options for sites. You got it. Okay. So that's the initial scope right now, yeah. Yeah, and how much does that cost? Like, what do you guys, what is a norm for looking at something like that when you hire somebody? So right now the scope of work is larger than just the siting right now, but right now we are looking to sign a contract with McFarland Johnson for that, just under $550,000 with that contingency in there. We may or may not need that. This is based on time. This is based on really the collaboration with the school district, what resources we can share and help them with, but right now it's approximately that $550,000, which does include the next steps. So to answer your question specifically, I don't recall offhand exactly what the cost is for the siting, unless Larry, you have that offhand. Well, I would just add that this also involves some programming with the sub of an architect that working with the school district and with this group. So we know what they need. So we can't cite something until we know what they need. So there's a lot of effort put into programming and that's going on too, because Freeman French and Freeman Berling, an architectural firm, is a sub to McFarland Johnson working also with the school district on the need and the programming. So there's a lot of that going on too. And that need is changing and being discussed throughout this process. So having a consultant with the airport to help refine some of these issues and refine some of these conversations to help the airport better understand what the school district's needs are is really, really important for us right now. And typically if you want to talk engineering throughout a project like this, it's the total would be 25%. I mean, if you're working for a GSA or something like that, they look at 45%. So typically it's about a 25% of construction costs. And we're way below that here. 20%. Okay. Maybe missing something. The, so part of this citing is also consulting with architects that could get it into the scope. Because if you don't know what the project is, you can't cite a project. If you don't know how big it is or what you're really looking for for needs, you can't figure out how much of the airport property you want to be looking for. Mike, isn't that right? 100% correct. That's exactly right. We need, we as the airport need to understand what the school district's needs and requirements are as part of this, this building. And that's part of the scope of work. And with this money, that's it, even though it's slated as an aviation grant, it doesn't matter if they're slipping in the other ideas of the auto tech and all that. Unfortunately, we're not involved with that particular grant. In fact, we don't have a copy of the grant itself, the $10 million grant. Yours, yours, yours. Because yours. Gotcha. Ours is, right now ours is cash. This is not a reimbursement grant. This is cash in our bank account right now that does not have any grant requirements or grant ties, except that it must be used for that high school aviation technical program. We'd have to go back to our congressional delegation to make sure if the scope does diverge from that a little bit, to make sure that we can use it in that way. Gotcha. Okay. But we don't, as the airport that I am aware of, we do not have any signed grants or signed restrictions on this $678,000. Gotcha. Cool. Is there a time frame? There is. Our goal, well, a couple of time frames, but the ultimate goal is to complete everything from siting, design, bidding, construction and having students move in by summer or after summer of 2025. That's the school district's goals. So we're kind of backtracking on that and putting that as part of this initial scope. We don't see that this McFarland-Johnson's contract is going to go that far because eventually this will roll right into just the school district finishing up their design and of course construction for our goals and our timeline for McFarland-Johnson. It really is right now. We have weekly meetings with the school district, engineers from the French Freeman McFarland, all of these groups of people to make sure that we're moving forward very quickly so that the school district can do what they need to do. There's larger conversations with the school district that this is a piece of the puzzle for them, such as the large bond that they're looking for and some of the savings that come out of the technical program being cited at the Burlington airport. So McFarland-Johnson, we've asked to move as quickly as possible to get an appropriate site at the airport so we can move right into design work. And also the permitting is going to take time. That's all comes into play to meet 2025, which is significant. Sure. Yeah. Nick, you mentioned the time situation with the bond coming up. You may not be able to answer this, but I'm curious that if we move forward on this and the city council does likewise, would there be an opportunity for the school district or the airport or the city or someone to make that announcement before the vote in about a month? I really hope so. I think that would be really important. There has been some preliminary public media attention on this specific from the school district's point of view to cite this at the airport and some of the savings that come from it or the reduction in how much their bond needs to be. I don't know the specifics and if it would help, maybe we can get Superintendent Tom Flanagan to come in to give a broader overview of the tech center program and the tech center director as well. But I think that would be really important though in front of the vote. Any further discussion from commissioners? I'll just add real quick to Greg's comment there, Tim, if that's all right. Sure, absolutely. The school district does have required reporting to the Burlington city council as well. So there is a tremendous amount of communication about the bond, about the overall project at the school district, which I'm not able to speak to because I don't know, as well as to the technical center program here at the airport. So there's an extensive amount of communication at that level to Burlington city council as well. Okay, I just had one question. First, well, first an observation that I, it's always great when you look under a rock from 10 years ago and find this pile of money. So that's great work by you and Marie to find that that's still out there. My questions on that related to, was there any impending expiration date on those funds? And would there have been an alternate, I know it has to be used for technical aviation, but would there have been an alternate, potential alternate use for those funds other than this siting project? I am not aware of an expiration date unless Marie is alternate projects for this funding. There were no alternate projects for this funding. So this was always set aside for this particular next steps. Over the years, we didn't know that this particular earmark or congressional directed spending was coming our way, coming to the school district to develop the program. So it's nice that we're actually able to move this forward. I wouldn't call it a requirement through our audit. There certainly has been a lot of attention on these funds over the years and making sure that we do use those funds. And Marie, maybe you can explain that a little bit better. Sure. So we hold this out on our audit statement, it's restricted and we have an deferred revenue but it's restricted and we have to answer the auditors every year on what our plan is to do with this money. So every year that I've been here, we've had discussions, there have been attempts over the year. This money can only be used for grade 12 and earlier, it can't be used for secondary education or other training programs that would be secondary or older audience. So this has been very restricted in terms of that. So we have been hopeful over the years that there would be some way to benefit this community, this subgroup of people that the money was intended to help. So having this funding come through, this $10 million grant is a breath of fresh air and we're excited because it's here, it's at the airport, we're at Out of E, and we're able to take this money that we've been monitoring and restricting all these years to use it in that way. So I hope that next time you look at the audit report, you'll be like, oh, it's here. Director's gone down, that's always a good thing. Yeah. All right, commissioners, all those in favor of recommending approval, please signify by saying aye. Aye. Any opposed? That carries unanimously. Our last and final action item is a, relates to the North Concourse Replacement. This is for a, to recommend approval of the contract with JQB Engineering Group for the North Concourse Replacement Project and the related budget amendment. Do I hear a motion to that effect? Move. That's moved by Eric. Is there a second? Second. Second by Greg. Discussion, Nick? Another truly exciting project on the horizon. This is not to be confused with the project that you approved, the first item here. This is not renovating the existing concourse. This is in fact a replacement of a very specific wing of the North Concourse, specifically gates three, four, five, and six. This is an extension of the North Concourse building this building further north or towards the Air Traffic Control Building. Essentially envision the Terminal Integration Project or what we're opening next week, this week and into next week, again, up on the North side to expand opportunities, expand hold room space, to right size our terminal, making sure that there's an appropriate number of seating at each particular gate to make, and maybe the most important one for me in my mind is the safety of aircraft coming in and out of that terminal, the ability for any size aircraft, whether we're talking about small or the largest aircraft that we've seen, especially over this last summer, to park at these gate positions and all be accommodated by new jet bridges. Working with the senator's office over this last year, we're able to finally confirm that there is a $35 million written line or a congressionally directed spending bill being proposed at legislation for the Burlington International Building to build this area. We need to get ahead of that bill just slightly. That doesn't mean there's a little bit of risk and that's why this is a very small, relatively small contract on the grand scheme of things. You just heard Larry say that most of the contracts that we deal with can be between 10 and 25% engineering costs for the total part of 10 to 25% of cost of engineering towards, oh my gosh, 10% of the engineering towards the project, of a $35 million project that's not sustainable for us to move forward with right now. That's too much of a funding, but at least if we keep to around that $300,000 mark to move our engineer into the design phase, making sure that next year, when this congressionally directed spending bill, most likely in the January timeframe gets passed, we're ahead of the game, we can continue to work with the FAA to apply for the grant that would allow us to finish the total project. Part of this $300,000 is also going to determine how we bid this out. Are we gonna continue moving this forward into full design using local costs right off the bat? Or are we gonna wait and do something a little bit different similar to what we did the Terminal Integration Project and bid this out slightly different so we don't have to fully design it yet? There's pros and cons to all of these scenarios and that really is part of the scope and part of our work over the next several months to determine what we do next as the risk of this project decreases, meaning it's closer and closer to passing at the federal legislation. It really is an exciting project and probably once in a lifetime for us to actually get this amount of funding specific to a Terminal Project. It is very unheard of for Small Hub Airport to receive Terminal Funds without either a supplement grant such as the Terminal Integration Project, again outside of normal funding of the FAA or a Congressionally directed spending bill. So we're very lucky to even be considered for this particular project and we wanna make sure that we're prepared to build it when the time comes. It'll take a few years before actually shovels in the ground, lots of work to it to perform, but at this point in time with a small contract we're able to start that site work, start the design work, get ideas flowing of exactly how we wanna build this building out, making sure that it's as eligible as possible. This project not only includes the relocation of the North Concourse, this does also replace all of our Jet Bridge, all of our eligible Jet Bridges that are at the airport which are aged and most of them are past the useful life. It also includes additional funding if there's any remaining leftover to renovate the entire second floor of our existing concourse, creating a linear, longer and open terminal building to allow additional aircraft to come in. And what I'm talking about here is removing this yellow piece off to the right here and building this pink piece towards the air traffic control building. The dark orange piece is the terminal integration project opening next week and then the South Yellow and Pink areas are future projects that we're not quite there yet but that's the overall intention on our master plan to do this. And there's a nice 3D visual drawing from both sides. We are competing for the South End project for that though too, so. Great. So you'll actually see that come back to you under a different grant or sorry, a different contract in the future as we sort some of these bigger things out. Thank you Nick. Discussion from commissioners. I've said one observation on the executive summary was a little unclear as to whether or not this contract is for just demolition and removal or if it's for demolition removal and planning the future. So can you just clarify that? Go ahead. It is for design, permitting and ordinary planning for demolition of that existing concourse. We will not get to bidding with this amount of money and as we progress over the next few months we won't spend all this money as Nick said to ensure we feel more comfortable that we're going to get the larger funds. I don't know if this pertains to the South future build out Tim, but this only pertains to the North project. No, I don't know if it's the North but in the executive summary it says this project consists of design and permitting for demolition and removal of the existing outdated North concourse. It doesn't talk about whether or not this encompasses the future planning for the new concourse to be built. That pink box that was shown on the plan. My apologies Tim, but if you go to the second paragraph I guess I probably should have moved that up. It's in the second paragraph. Okay. I should have added that in there, sorry. So it doesn't incorporate both the removal of that yellow area and the construction of the paint jar. Okay, great. Any further discussion from commissioners? Hearing that, all those in favor please signify by saying aye. Aye. Any opposed? That carries unanimously. Next is item five adjournment. Do we hear a motion to adjourn? So moved. Moved by Helen, do we hear a second? Second. Second by Eric, all those in favor of adjournment please signify by saying aye. Aye. Any opposed? Carries unanimously. We are adjourned. Okay. Thank you everyone. Thank you everyone. Good to see you all. Good to see you all. Making it work, yeah.


Colgate dental cream to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stomp tooth decay and luster cream shampoo for soft Glamorous corressible hair bring you our miss brook starring Eve Arden Time once again for another comedy episode of our miss brooks written by Al Lewis Well, many of the nation's schools commence a new semester on Monday and Madison High School Where our miss brooks teaches English as one of them although the others usually dispense with classes on the last day or two of the old term Madison did not no indeed our beloved principal Osgood Conklin saw it of that In fact, he was quite chagrined when a cloud burst last Friday kept almost all of the student body at home Even members of the faculty didn't get down except a handful of teachers me Since mr. Conklin didn't show up until quite late I took it upon myself to dismiss the few soap pupils who were floating around the halls Saturday morning at breakfast. I discussed the situation with my landlady And what did mr. Conklin say when you told him you had cancelled school for the day Connie? He didn't say a word miss that mrs. Davis until he came down off the ceiling Then he accused me of usurping his function as a principal and throwing a monkey wrench into his plan for getting the jump on the other schools What sort of plan did he have Connie? Well, he felt that schedule should be revised and classes are signed before the first day of the new semester Hence we have all been invited to appear at school today But this is Saturday Connie mr. Conklin hasn't the authority to make anybody come to school He doesn't make anybody come he's put it on a voluntary basis for both the student body and the faculty It's strictly optional really of course come or die I Can't understand some of you teachers Connie. Why do you let mr. Conklin drive you this way?  I don't know about the others, but don't be surprised if some morning you find a feather by my empty bed You see mrs. Davis, I've been in so much trouble with mr. Conklin during the past term I don't dare start the new one off on the wrong foot No, that's probably Walter Denton. He's giving me a lift down to school come in Walter It certainly is nice of Walter to call for you this morning Yes, it is Considering that I made it quite clear to him that he's driving me was strictly optional really of course be here or flunk Hi, mrs. Davis and to you most revered and admired of all local educators.  Oh, thanks. Would you like something else water? What have you got?  Oh, that's right, mrs.  He'd never make it to the saddle It's a nice plate for you Walter. Oh, uh, how do you take your eggs for in the mouth and six intravenously? Gosh, mrs.  Davis, please. All right, well, this is great What better way to start off the day than a resounding second breakfast with my favorite school teacher For a kid who's going to school on Saturday. You sound pretty chipper, Walter Ah, but that's where you're wrong, mrs. Brooks. I'm not going to school today. None of the students are We held a mass meeting last night and decided that the only course to pursue was open rebellion What the issues are clear, mrs. Brooks if we let old marble head haul us into school today Just a minute Walter. I won't have you referring to the principal of our school in such a disrespectful manner Sorry, mrs. Brooks, but don't you see if we submit to his demand that we attend school on Saturday What's to prevent him from dragging us down on Sunday or even holidays? Oh, I can just picture it Christmas weekend comes everybody's off having fun But our principal decrees that we must spend every day of our vacation in school old marble head wouldn't dare Don't you worry, mrs. Brooks Even though we all recognize this for the tyranny that it is it is a short-lived tyranny Our spokesman elected unanimously at last night's meeting old seat of that spokesman whom did you elect? Let me be the first to congratulate you Logical choice may I add to slay the tyrant now wait a second Walter It just happens that I didn't renew my card in the tyrant slayers union I'm in enough hot water now for cancelling school yesterday that was different It was an emergency the plus which nobody was there anyway, but don't worry about it now We can plan our campaign on the way down to school. I thought you said you weren't going of course. I'm going I'm in charge of the picket line As one of the organizers of this rebellion It's up to me to see that the protest meeting this morning goes off without a flaw Are you sure you've got the eyebrows for this kind of work? Oh, we've got a great program lined up miss Brooks some of the kids are bringing a dummy down so we can hang mr. Conklin and effigy But Walter that's a pretty violent way of protesting. Oh, it'll all be in fun sort of But even mr. Conklin's daughter Harriet's on our side So here's the plan miss Brooks first. We're gonna have one last talk with mr. Conklin Then we're gonna go out and hang the dummy Well, what do you think of the scheme? It's a dandy Walder Of course, it would be more effective if you had one last talk with the dummy and then went out. Oh there I go with that wishful thinking For a group who decided not to come to school today, there's quite a crowd on the campus I wonder where stretch not grass is he's supposed to carry the dummy over to the flagpole as Madison star athlete He deserves the honor, but let me offer a word of caution Walter. What's that miss Brooks? Well, I don't want to cast any aspersions on stretches mentality, but if he's carrying the dummy be very careful who you string up Here he is now hi a stretch hi Walter hello miss Brooks hello stretch I made up a slogan for one of the picket signs Walter, but I'm afraid it might be a teeny-weeny bit disrespectful when I hear it Sure, how does it go? It goes mr. Conklin is very unfair. I'm gonna wash that guy right out of my hair I don't think a slogan like that's too disrespectful to you miss Brooks Not if you want to finish your education in another part of the state The real fun will come later miss Brooks. We're gonna hang mr. Conklin in a figgy In a what in a figgy will he fit in the figgy means in effigy miss Brooks. Oh, I kind of liked it the other way Yeah, I better get the thing now. I'll see you later miss Brooks. Bye Walter. That's so long pal Well, everything's rolling right along. Let's see if mr. Conklin got here yet Hello miss Brooks Walter. Well, I just talked to daddy and he's livid He blames you for the entire insurrection miss Brooks me. I tried to reason with him I even told him that you weren't present when we named you our spokesman Although it was a foregone conclusion that you'd accept the honor with great enthusiasm. That's getting me off the hook Daddy says if you hadn't canceled school yesterday, this wouldn't have happened. You're in an awful spot Gosh, I didn't mean to get you into such a jam miss Brooks. Well, I'm in it and it's up to me to get out of it Please don't think I'm a Benedict Arnold, but I'd better get up in the school steps and have a little talk with some of these Strikers Just a moment. Thank you Now I'm sure you all have as much pride in your school as any members of the faculty have or as its principal Mr. Conklin has Please I'm trying to tell you that by working for a few hours today We can be prepared to launch our new semester on Monday with a minimum of confusion Thus assuring us of a better start toward that degree of scholastic excellence, which is always prevailed at Madison High Remember students education is your sacred heritage. You're guaranteed right under the Constitution as well as the Bill of Rights which ensures us all of the benefits and privileges which every American And so miss Brooks I hold you personally responsible for the fact that these malcontents are not in their classrooms yet But mr. Conklin, I really tried excuse me This is ours good Conklin's office mr. Conklin himself speaking This is mr. Stone at the board of education. Oh, hello, mr. Stone How is everyone? I have no time for chitchat Rather disturbing rumor has reached me to the effect that you've summoned your student body to school today My student body you realize of course it's such an action on your part without sanction from the board would constitute a breach of authority That could lead to your immediate dismissal. Yes. Yes, of course Now I can't for the life of me imagine where these ridiculous rumors begin why I'm here all alone not another soul in the office I'm sorry, sir my cat has a cold But about that rumor the only reason I'm in the office is to get out some letters Good good. I thought you had better sense than to do anything that autocratic By the way, I'll be in your neighborhood in a little while Perhaps I'll drop in to discuss some board matters with you. Fine, mr. Stone. That'll be just grand I'll look forward to seeing you very well. Goodbye. I was good. Goodbye, mr. Stone Well miss Brooks sometimes everything happens for the best because of you No child has set foot in this building as yet. Is that right? I guess not mr. Conklin But if you'll just wait until I'll be frank with you miss Brooks if they had come in it could have meant my dismissal I don't understand mr. Stone's attitude, but well go out to your youthful charges and inform them that there is no school today Oh, fine, mr. Conklin. You did it miss Brooks. I didn't think you could do it, but you did it What are you talking about Denton? Oh, she was wonderful, mr. Conklin Miss Brooks made a speech a few minutes ago that'll go down in Madison's history. Yes, sir Every student is in his or her classroom right now And believe me mr. Conklin wild horses couldn't drag them out of this school today Well miss bro You heard the boy Thanks to your speech wild horses couldn't drag them out of school today and Now young woman. May I ask what you propose to do step aside mr. Conklin Starring Eve Arden will continue in just a moment, but first here is Vern Smith No other dentifers offers proof of such results proof that Colgate dental cream helps stop tooth decay before it starts two years Research at leading universities using Colgate dental cream hundreds of case histories makes this the most conclusive proof in all dentifers history on tooth decay Conclusive proof that when teeth are brushed with Colgate's right after eating Colgate dental cream helps stop tooth decay before it starts Yes, the toothpaste you use to clean your breath while you clean your teeth now offers a safe proved way to reduce tooth decay Modern science shows decay is caused by mouth acids, which are at their worst right after eating brushing teeth with Colgate's as directed helps remove acids before they harm enamel Colgate dental cream has been proved to contain all the necessary ingredients Including an exclusive patented ingredient for effective daily dental care get Colgate dental cream today big economy size Only 59 cents always use Colgate dental cream to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay Before it starts remember no other dentifers offers proof of such results Well, I told Walter Denton to corral the students and herd them into the cafeteria While I was waiting for them to assemble I corraled mr. Boynton and herded him into a corner table Over a cup of coffee. I told him of mr. Conklin's dilemma as usual. Mr. Boynton was extremely sympathetic So you see if these kids don't go home at once mr. Conklin can get in big trouble with the board Well, that's his worry. Oh, he should have known better than to ask students to come to school on Saturday let alone the faculty I wish he would let alone the faculty But we're in it now at least I am up to our necks at least my neck fine English teacher I don't like to see you distressed about it. Oh look when we do leave here How about going someplace just the two of us what sort of place did you have in mind mr. Boynton? Well, I don't know it's a date I Thought maybe you'd enjoy the zoo again today. I understand they've got a yak over there. That's over 60 years old. Honestly That's pretty old for a yak, you know Then old yaks are so much more fun than young yaks, don't you think? Don't you care? I know I don't I Got most of the kids in miss Brooks. Oh, hi mr. Boynton. Oh, hello Walter.  Thanks, Walter a student's attention, please I've called you here for some very good news. You don't have to stay in school today But miss Brooks after your speech of this morning, we want to stay don't you believe it? This after all is Saturday a holiday one to which you are not only entitled by law, but which is guaranteed to you by the constitution By the bill of rights and every other document so carefully prepared to safeguard the interest of you the future leaders of our I won't be able to drop in on you today after all My wife's been driving my car all week and it's pretty well shot.  Stone, but when you do pay us a visit You'll find a smooth the running educational operation as there is in this country. I'm sure for now. Goodbye, sir, and thanks for calling Come in It's me mr. Conklin I told the students that they can go home anytime they want to what have they left yet No, sir. Most of them are still in the cafeteria, but they're going to pay for this morning's protest meeting Mr. Stone isn't coming down after all So you can just tell those recalcitrant mischief makers that they're staying here today until 4 p.m But mr. Conklin, I can't make another speech. It's an order miss Brooks Working for a few hours today We can be assured of a better start toward that degree of scholastic excellence, which is always prevailed at madison high Remember students education is your Guaranteed right under the constitution As well as the bill of rights which ensures us all the benefits and privileges Gosh stretch. I don't like to cross miss Brooks up, but we just got to get out of school today But we're all on detention walter. We got a state of 4 p.m What makes me mad. We didn't even get to burn mr. Conklin enough figgy Stretching Hey, wait a minute. You just gave me an idea Suppose we had a fire drill then when we all ran out of school We could just forget to stop running until we got home But the control for the fire alarm bell is in mr. Conklin's office and he ain't gonna ring it for no reason Then let's give him a reason You mean start a fire? No, no, not a real fire stretch a fake one We can get some dry ice in the cafeteria kitchen and drop it in a bucket of water Oh, that makes the most beautiful smoke he ever saw And then we just fan it under old marble heads door until it fills his office Then he comes out of his door and hits us with the bucket No, no, he doesn't we remove the screws from his doorknob from the outside And then when he tries to open the door the knob comes away in his hand and conklin falls right on his conk Boy you should get a scholarship So miss brooks you've informed the student body that they're all under detention until four Yes, sir. I did but suppose mr.  He has no way to get here his car broke down.  Conklin mr. Stone I decided to walk over Hello, mr. Stone, how are you fine? Thanks, mr. Brooks I uh would have been here sooner. I was good, but I dozed off for a few minutes in the park I stopped to rest on my favorite bench the one under paul revere statue That is an extremely comfortable bench such nice soft slats Tell me miss brooks. What brought you to old medicine today old mr. Conklin That is mr. Conklin asked me to type some letters for him. Yes. Yes, that's it. She's typing some letters for me But uh, I don't see any typewriter in here Uh, well, it's in the next room in the next room. I have very long arms Uh, but now that we've finished mr. Conklin, why don't you drive mr. Stone home instead of remaining in this stuffy old empty old school Splendid idea come along mr. Stone. Not so fast. I was good. There are several things. Uh, what's that? There must be someone loitering in the hall impossible There's no one in school today, but I swear I I just saw that doorknob turning turning into what? And what's that swirling in under the door? Oh, that's nothing but smoke Yeah, that's all it is. Just smoke. Oh, of course.  Let's get out of here. Follow me Doorknob came away in his hand. Oh, let me help you up mr.  Conklin. He's unconscious quick quick miss brooks crawls through the window and run around and open The door from the outside. I'll try to revive mr. Stone. Yes, sir Smoke's getting pretty thick in here. I can hardly see you miss brooks. I can't see you at all. Mr. Conklin. I never could Gosh waller we've been fanning smoke under that door for five minutes now and he ain't rung the fire alarm yet Relax stretch with the fog. He's in it'll take him a little while to notice the smoke You don't think mr. Conklin has become xv executed. Do you? No, that would be too much to hope for But if he is xv executed, maybe we ought to open the door and haul him out of there Please let's not spoil a perfectly good xv execution Miss brooks we're cooked. Oh, it's not a real fire miss brooks It's just dry ice and water See that we were trying to get mr. Conklin to ring the fire alarm so we could escape from school in the confusion Oh, there's a lot you can do on saturday on the outside Gosh miss brooks now that you caught us. What are you gonna do? Hand me that newspaper.  You think you'll ring the alarm pretty soon? Maybe he needs a little encouragement. Keep up your courage mr. Conklin. I'm fighting my way through the flames I gotta get a rise out old marble head Go ahead miss brooks. Scare him some more. I'm trying to reach you mr. Conklin, but the heat is terrific Perhaps I could get you a nice cool lemonade miss brooks Now thanks, I've got to keep fanning this dry ice and the Now miss brooks if you're quite finished fighting your way through the flames You got here in the rap. Yeah, me too. Well, I better be getting back to my classroom now. Yeah, me stand where you are you culprits Why mr. Conklin you should thank these boys for what they've done Thank them certainly when walter and stretch realized the trouble you'd get into with mr. Stone They took this means of detaining him until the students were cleared out Sure as long as mr. Stone is locked in there. You're safe Hand me that newspaper. I'll fan the smoke for a while Mr. Conklin pour some more water on that dry ice not grass you dentin see that all the classrooms are emptied and report back to me Yes, sir. I'll clear them out nothing flat Mr. Stone will have to get up pretty early in the morning to outsmart old marble head I don't think you're getting enough smoke under the door mr. Conklin Oh, well this newspaper is too flexible get me something firmer to fan the smoke with perhaps you'd like to use my hat mr. Conklin Thank you mr. Stone. Thank you that should work much better than this Thank you, mr. Stone I would discuss this matter with you privately in your office, but mr. Stone follow me sir Mr The door that came away in his hand again mr. Stone say something He's unconscious. Mr. Brooks. What do I do now in an emergency like this? There's only one thing to do Run do not walk to the nearest employment agency I Pardon is our mr. Brooks returns in just a moment, but first Dream girl dream girl beautiful luster cream Tonight yes tonight show him how much lovelier your hair can look after a luster cream shampoo Luster cream world's finest shampoo No other shampoo in the world gives k-doomits magic blend of secret ingredients plus gentle lanolin Not a soap not a liquid luster cream shampoo leaves hair three ways lovelier Fragrantly clean free of loose dandruff Blistening with sheen soft manageable even in hardest water luster cream lathers instantly No special rinse needed after a luster cream shampoo So gentle luster cream is wonderful even for children's hair tonight. Yes tonight try luster cream shampoo Dream girl dream girl beautiful luster cream girl You owe your crowning glory to A luster cream shampoo And now once again here is our miss Brooks Well after mr. Stone knocked himself out for the second time I did some pretty fast thinking and came up with a desperation tactic Recalling his remark that he had dozed on a park bench I enlisted the aid of mr. Boynton and we hauled the head of the board over to the statue of paul revere Oh, he's still out cold miss Brooks. I'll try the smelling salts again There put them away. Mr. Boynton. He's coming too Wake up mr. Stone wake up. Huh? Oh miss Brooks about that fire if you step into mr. Conklin's office Mr. Conklin's office, where is it? Good heavens the school is burned down School? What school? Now listen miss Brooks when I first saw you today Today why I haven't seen you in two weeks mr. Stone Since there was no school today mr. Boynton and I decided to stroll through the park Yes, sir.  Stone excellent suggestion. I'll go right home and I Wait a minute What's the matter? How did I get this doorknob in my hand? Doorknob, oh that that must have fallen from paul revere statue from paul revere statue Of course with the british coming. He was in an awful rush Next week turning to another our miss brook show brought to you by luster clean shampoo for soft glamorous Corrosable hair and polegate dental cream to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay Our miss brook starring eve arden is produced by larry burns directed by al lewis with music by wilbur hatch Mr. Boynton is played by jeff chandler. Mr. Conklin by gale gordon Others in tonight's cast were jane morgan dick crena gloria mcmillan bill john stone and lenard smith Doctors prove palm olive soap can bring you a lovelier complexion in 14 days Yes, 36 leading skin specialists proved in tests on 1285 different women that palm olive soap facials Using nothing but palm olive brought new complexion beauty to two women out of three Just wash your face three times daily with palm olive soap Each time for 60 seconds massaging palm olive's beauty lather onto your skin Then rinse so start your palm olive facials today Remember doctors prove palm olive soap can bring you a lovelier complexion in 14 days Today more than ever before america security depends upon us as individuals And if we really care what happens to us our children our country We must at any cost defy vicious racial and religious biases from those around us for unless we do We will be a people divided our claims of freedom and democracy only empty gestures Let's work together as a team to keep the freedom we all enjoy For mystery liberally sprinkled with laughs listen to mr. And mrs. North the exciting fun fact adventures of an amateur detective and his Beautiful wife tune in tuesday evening over most of these same stations and be with us again next week at this same time Or another comedy episode of our miss brooks bob laman speaking This is cbs the columbia broadcasting system


Okay, welcome back for another Linux shell tutorial today. We're going to be looking at Calculating how many Friday the 13th are in a given year so Let's go ahead and get started there is a command that's probably on your system called Cal and if you run that command and just hit enter It's gonna tell you the current month year and highlight what day it is And I guess I know you're probably watching this months later so Here we go. We have August 2017, but if we give it a year for example 2017 it will print the full year for you There's 2015 2014 want to see the calendar for 2100 yet 2100 there it is So that's a quick and easy way, but we're gonna use this to calculate Friday the 13th Now, you notice that the call the way it's organized with each month is that we can count columns So let me count with me one two three four five six is a column for Fridays seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen is another column for Mondays or Fridays 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 is the fall Final column for Fridays. So what we're gonna do is we're gonna take that calendar command and we'll put in 2017 and we will pipe that into Ock Which you can do a lot of stuff with Ock and inside? Single quotations and some curly braces. We're gonna say print. So we're telling it what we want to print it We're gonna give it columns if we say dollar sign six it will print column six dollar sign 13 will print column 13 and 20 will print 20 if we enter now we have now printed out Every column that is a Friday Let's go ahead and add a little bit to that though We're gonna go back in here and in between each one of those we're gonna add quotation space quotation quotation space quotation So now we have a space in between each one of those columns again creating columns rather than having everything in one column so what we can do now as We can pipe that command into the TR command And we're gonna say TR quotation space quotation space quotation backslash and Quotation so the same TR if you've watched some of my tutorials in the past is a command that will replace one character with another So we're saying find in the output of this every single space and make it a new line So what that does is it puts every single one of those lines on its own line Now we can use grep So we have only Fridays and every single Friday is on its own line So now we can say grep 13 and it displays how many Thirteens appear in that calendar year. Let's go ahead and give it another year. Let's try 2016 There was only one Friday the 13th go 2015. There were three if we go 2000 let's say 14 there was only one Let's say we're trying to get the number of them So with grep we can say dash C which instead of giving us the output of lines. It just gives us the count So for 2014 it will say there was one For 2015 it says three 2016 one and 2017 will be two So now we can put this in a loop if we wanted to see over the years how many Friday the 13th there are so let's go ahead and since this we're going to get into a couple of lines here Let's go ahead and copy the line We just created and I'm going to open up the Vim. I'll just call this F13.sh And of course, I'm going to start with my shebang line, which just tells our system what Interpreter to use and we're going to use the bash interpreter for this and That's important because we're going to loop through some numbers a sequence of numbers and That varies from shell to shell I'll try to give you an example to see if I can get to mess up using a different shell here in a little bit But let's go ahead and say four year in and we're going to say Brace expansions will say two thousand dot dot to 2050 so that will loop through those numbers one at a time do Done and if I just come in here and say echo I can say echo Dollar sign year so year is the variable we created Let's go ahead and save this make that executable with change mod Plus x we only have to do this once on this system and then dot slash f 13 and we run that you can see it's looped through Every number from 2000 to 2050 Let's go ahead and go back into our script here And again, I'm using Vim you can use whatever text that are you prefer and And I'm going to now add in our line of code from earlier, but instead of saying 2017 I'm going to paste our variable of year in there so now it should loop through each year and we're gonna say this year has and We're going to put this the output of this command into a variable So the way we do that is you get it in the name, so we'll just say num for the number output and then we're going to say Inside quotations the quotations aren't necessary, but I like to use them But dollar sign and then inside parentheses our command what that does is it runs these commands and then it's going to put the output of those commands Into that variable there and then we can use that variable so we can say year whatever has dollar sign num Friday the 13th And if we did everything properly we can run that command again With dot slash the dot slasher says we're writing a script that's in the current directory and there you go You can see which year each year and how many Friday the 13th it has but let me go ahead and giving an example Let's see if this works If I get rid of my shebang line And I exit out of here And I say that oh We got an error. Why did that happen? But if I'm like this It works Well, what just happened there? And this is why I stress not just with shell scripts But with all scripts whether using Python or Pearl make sure you have your shebang line and don't just trust the system To figure out what you're doing. So the command works here, but if I type exit and run it again It doesn't work and the reason is the default shell on my system is not bash It's z shell and z shell doesn't use brace expansions like bash does so it's looking at this and going well I don't know what to do with that. It's actually taking that and putting it into a variable kind of That's why it says This output it thinks it's a string has zero Friday the 13th and the Cal command doesn't know what to do with that Because that's not a valid year So If we go back into vim This again, make sure you have your shebang line But actually let's try something else. Let me remove that and instead of using the brace expansions what we can do is We can use a command so I can say Backs back tick which is next to the one on your top row of your keyboard if you're using a standard Quarty keyboard and I can say two thousand Two thousand fifty so what this is this is a command. It's a separate command That will iterate through count through these numbers and that's a little more universal and this command the sequence command is on Almost every system. It's built into busy box, which I mentioned a lot in the past if you're on a router You can get this up and running it probably has it if not you can copy a busy box binary over and it's there So now I should be able to run that and it works So brace expansions are nice because it doesn't start up a new process to calculate those numbers But using the sequence command makes it more universal to pretty much every system I've ever worked on so I used to use brace expansions before I realized that which is a couple of years ago I started using the Z shell and then I switched to using the sequence man But you should still tell the system what interpretive you use in this case bash if you if you're writing a bash script Use bash if you're writing in some other shell you use that shell And if you use just that s or not dot sh but bin sh usually that defaults to the systems default Which again on my system is not bash so Stuff to think about there, but I hope you found this useful, you know I should I calculate the Fridays like that that was um an Example and I gave you a little more than what this tutorial was on So I hope you found that useful little tidbit on on the brace expansions there and stuff Please visit films by Chris calm that's Chris the K There's a link in description as well as a link to my patreon page I appreciate any support you give me be sure to like share subscribe comment all that stuff helps me out a bunch And you can also go to my website films like Chris calm to support me using PayPal if you can't use patreon for some reason I do appreciate any support that is given to me and as always I hope that you have a great day


Hi, I'm Karine Graf, Senior Advisor at USIP, where we've been closely following the effects of the coronavirus pandemic around the world, especially in conflict zones and fragile societies. We recently published an analysis on what needs to happen to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 in these countries, which I'll be talking about in this short video. The crisis has clearly had major effects around the world, even in places with robust economies like China, Europe, and the United States, but it poses particular challenges in fragile states, in countries with weak economies and frayed bonds between the government and citizens, where oftentimes great humanitarian needs are exacerbated by violent conflict. So today I'd like to respond to three questions we've received about the pandemic in conflict environments. Here's the first. Why are fragile states so vulnerable to COVID-19? Well, first of all, it's important to recognize that there's still a lot we don't know about COVID's impacts around the world, particularly its second and third order political and economic impacts. That said, there are a number of things we do know and need to pay attention to in these countries, even as we deal with the consequences in wealthier countries. We're already seeing that the impacts of coronavirus aren't limited to public health in poorer countries. In many places, in fact, people could die from measures taken to stop the spread of the virus. Lockdowns are disrupting healthcare and places where capacity to address other infectious diseases is already weak. The global economic slowdown is causing historic levels of unemployment. In Africa alone, the UN estimates that nearly half of all jobs could be lost and nearly half the global population could be living in poverty on less than $1.90 a day as a result of the pandemic. These are extraordinary numbers and pretend unfathomable human suffering. And it's important to remember that in many low-income countries, there are no social safety nets and only limited public services, so people have very little to fall back on. So as terrible as this crisis has been in the more developed world, we're looking at more severe disruptive impacts in fragile countries that will have long-lasting consequences. So here's a second question we've received. What specifically do we know about how COVID-19 will affect conflicts in fragile environments? Well, there are four sets of interlocking consequences that we need to be particularly concerned about over the coming months and years in these countries. The first is famine, as well as food insecurity. COVID-19 could drastically worsen food insecurity without swift action by the international community. The second issue is the increased cost of aid and decreasing access for relief workers in these countries. In Yemen, the UN has just pulled out over half its remaining international staff from the capital to protect them from the spread of COVID-19, just as one of the world's most severe humanitarian crises and conflicts continues to unfold in that country. A third issue of concern is that COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations around the world in these countries, including Indigenous peoples, women, children, and homeless people. And a fourth area of concern that we're following most closely here at USIP is the pandemic's impacts on peace and stability, more broadly. We're already seeing tensions rising, including in places like Uganda, where security services are resorting to excessive violence against protesters, which is fueling grievances. In Nigeria, small-scale riots over dwindling food supplies have taken place. Across the Sahel, armed groups and violent extremists may be seizing on the crisis to help bolster their legitimacy. Many governments in fragile states and around the world are usurping power and using the crisis as an excuse to govern with a stronger hand, all of which could make these countries more fragile and susceptible to rising instability. Ultimately, it'll be important to watch the crisis response in these countries really closely. The responses themselves must be seen as deeply political. In other words, how the response is delivered in a particular country, whether it's perceived to enable other agendas, could either fuel conflicts or the reverse case, if handled well, could help to build confidence and political resilience in these countries. So this leads right to our third question. How do efforts to address the pandemic fragility and conflict align? Most importantly, with the virus's peak still ahead for many fragile countries, there's an opportunity to rally support for preventive measures to stave off the worst-case scenarios of the disease, while also addressing the underlying sources of fragility and conflict. One lesson that the development and peacebuilding communities have learned from decades of responding to conflicts and crises after the erupt is that it's not enough to contribute financially to humanitarian response and stabilization. Crisis response is more costly and less effective than proactive preventive action to address the drivers of conflict and violence before they flare up. Today in the U.S., this emerging consensus has culminated in the Global Fragility Act, an ambitious bill signed into law in late 2019 that aims to reform the way the U.S. engages in fragile states. Efforts are now underway to start implementing the bill, and if those continue to move forward, it will lead to a more effective approach. I know we had a question come in from Maylin McKellen, who asked, what steps are being taken to prevent a rise in gender-based violence? It's important to note that the GFA explicitly requires the U.S. G to incorporate a gender lens into its prevention activities. So as this video comes to a close, let me remind our viewers that you can find much more COVID-related analysis, including on specific countries and issues on our website. So please check out USIP.org. Thanks very much for watching, and thank you to everyone who submitted questions on social media. Please feel free to keep the conversation going by using the hashtag COVID and conflict.


Good morning, everyone. And so I'm really delighted to be back with my community. I feel often like a bit of an interloper, with a hearing due to the sciences of the world. So this is probably the high point of this particular talk. So thank you again for the invitation to be here. Just decoration, I'm still a local government official, so I have several hats that are here. The hat that I wear today is in my role as an ITCC co-chair. And for those of you who don't know who the ITCC is, it seems to come from a panel on climate change and we are 30 years old, we're young. And the panel is made up of a group of countries, 195, whose job it is to resemble best scientists in the world and natural and social sciences, to do three things. It seems to need to rally an objective source of information around the causes of climate change, the impacts of climate change, and the responses to climate change for positive makers to use in their decision making. And for those of you who don't know ITCC's history, it's been a lot of time on focusing on the first two elements. The causes and impacts of climate change. I refer to the assessment cycle as ITCC 2.0 because we're seeing now the science moving closer to providing the options related to solutions as Mark has indicated. Now that's a powerful case to be in the dark side of it, as though when I introduced myself as a co-chair of ITCC, people have this image in mind and it strikes terror into our hearts from most. And so today, I have to say, I'm going to leave you to read the science. The science is the care, but I am not going to bother spelling in that because we have moved forward in the 1.5 report. This is a much stronger focus on looking at what the options for action are. And that's really what I want to underscore is that this is not a scientific report, people. This is a political report. It's about science providing objective source around the kind of options that we have in front of us. Both in terms of the impacts of climate experience, but also more importantly how we might respond to them. So where does this big mandate come from? Well, in fact, ITCC was very brave. I was still a negotiator way back in 2015 in Paris and part of the decision test that was agreed to there was in fact to ask the local constitution of the ITCC to apply its mind to this idea of increasing the world ambition to 1.5 degrees Celsius. What did that mean? Is it possible, could it be good, with the questions we were asking ourselves in the negotiated form? When that invitation came to the ITCC in 1995 countries, they said, well, that's a pretty cool invitation. How does this link to the real world?  What are all those mean? So scientists know that's not good enough. You can actually expand that language. You're going to think through the science. You're going to read those systems of papers. But you're going to think about that science in the context of the most pressing issues. So the threat of climate change. The desire to achieve a more sustainable development problem. And an important new problem, the biggest problem that we have, the eradication of poverty. So this was the stretch of the ITCC made out for its scientists. We then ran into it. And they began working through that process and assessing the literature. And I'm going to tell you what we found using the questions of the down and low government books. So what do we know about where we are now having read those six miles into papers? Well, essentially, we know that from pre-industrial, from petrary industrial, and we regard that for the purposes of this report between 1850 and 1900, we've already got one degree of global warming in the back. And so we're not starting out to local. We're really starting out in a high point in terms of that global average temperature. And unfortunately, temperature continues to go up. If any of you have seen the global carbon project recently released, you can see why, because our emissions continue to escalate. And our current rate of warming, which is about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade, will reach this first mile goal of 1.5 degrees Celsius, somewhere between 30 and 30 degrees Celsius. But the important issue is that the amount of carbon dioxide you currently have in the atmosphere does not yet commit us to 1.5. So we still have the agency there, still the ability to act, still the ability to bend the curve. The problem is that no degree of global warming is safe. And I feel complacent at one, because even at one degree, we are already seeing consequences for people, nature, and livelihoods. And we've seen it in terms of extreme weather, we've seen it in terms of sea level rise, we've seen it in terms of the last loads of products we've asked. So complacency is not part of what we should be playing. So if we were really living in a world where there's a high degree of risk and certainly vulnerability and exposure both in our natural and human systems, where we actually want to go to, well, we really do want to follow the need that the Paris Agreement sees after us, because the size of the air and it was the biggest surprise to the scientific community. When this invitation came out of Paris, many scientists shook their heads and said, this is not possible. What better be possible to... to detect the difference, was there a pause? It's not really possible to detect this difference between 1.5 and 2, but lo and behold, because of the response of the scientific community, the signs that go to the table we are, and this show of all sorts of things, but what's important to me, they already care the benefits for human and natural communities, to increase our mission in an 8.1.5 and 7.2. And that's because we'll have less impacts from between where the people live. We will have less sea level rise, so about 10 centimeters less, what that translates into is 10 million fewer people exposed to the rising seas. But again, don't be complacent, because that still means that somewhere between 30 and 7, that it's just even if people will be exposed to sea level rise. We'll also see smaller reductions in the importance of crops that we've heard. I wish I knew where this thing was when I came in the end. This one here, a jurist, we've heard about the importance of maize and cultures and people, and how if you lose these crops, it's not going to impact on food security, but the new systems of people. We will also have 50% less people exposed to water stress and stress from our ecosystems than we can make them. Say we'll have a few million people exposed to climate-generated risk that's susceptible to property low impact on biodiversity and species. Importantly though, 1.5 of the self is not a safe guardrail. Even at 1.5 in 10th year or two, there are only those places in the world that risk most of the sea level in the Arctic. There are just proportionately high risks of even changes at 1.5. So the Arctic, the dry land region, so the principle of Ryan, yeah, I was scared when he said that each time a sign was forwarded to this year, there's more island living in the states than these southern countries. We'll also see there that 1.5 in 10 countries all the basic essentials are sustainable development so if we're going to move to a thesis that Jesus is critical, but we know that the government has a wide range of adaptation options to reduce these risks and definitely less adaptation on the environment if you do that too. And this is a very important part so having seen that risk and knowing where we're going to I see the furniture remain but I just knew that this wouldn't exist so I was taken to my imagination. What are our solutions? What are the four components? Of course, no. So the question is, how do we get there? And this to me is the most important message of that entire report. It's not any of the graphs. It's this statement in chapter 4. The report applies to the road map for change. It identifies the four big systems that we have to apply mine to that we have to change probability if we go to a cheaper standard of vision. We require rapid, far-reaching, unprecedented transitions in energy, in land, in urban, and I was delighted to hear about emphasis on urban particularly urban centres. This is a really important area and infrastructure, and industrial systems. These four big road systems are where we need to put our energy, where we need to affect our transformations. So let's talk about how the report tells us about these four big systems. Obviously, top of mind for the negotiations is the energy system. We are going for a variety of complex tables that talk to us about these changes but essentially what this tells us is that fossil fuel has to go down dramatically. This table shows us two of the pathways that we looked at. One with the sustainability focus and one in the middle of the road. In all of those, we have to reduce the use of coal anywhere over 50% to 75% by treating the attention to 50% increase in the use of renewable energies. So what does that mean? Essentially, we've got to do carbonising energy. We've got to get through the fossil fuels of coal. Oil needs to stand around to the subcarb pathways. We've just set an increase in gas but that's going to be accompanied by the use of carbon capture storage. We've got to set an increase in the use of renewable energies and we've got to exit fossil fuel generation. We've got to electrify energy into this. So if we move energy into or into a platform of renewables, then we've got to electrify energy. So we've got to ensure that all of the infrastructure is obviously about to come under change. That's important. The message of the report is that it has to be associated with an adaptation together. In terms of the industrial systems, again, the report calls out the importance of energy efficiency as a critical impact on the energy industry. So we've got to make sure that all of the infrastructure is obviously about to come under change. So the importance of energy efficiency is a critical intervention. Electrification, the use of hydrogen it talks about industrial carbon capture, utilization of storage. So for example, the capture of carbon into cement and using that to go by waste industry and a circular economy. Urban and infrastructure systems that one has touched my heart as well as government officials working in the city have worked on land use and urban planning to create those economies of scale that allow efficient servicing. The adoption of low carbon transport fuels, again, will move away from the use of fossil fuels in transport, the shift of carbon transportation, modern motorized transport, smart grids, digital appliances, green infrastructure and building codes and standards are a critical part of adaptation and education. In terms of management and system transitions there is a group that speaks to a variety of interventions, things like reforestation the sustainable intensification of agriculture, conservation agriculture, ecosystem restoration weaker than management and an element that is very strongly and all the way that the ITCC does is the use of local and indigenous knowledge where we are understanding the local condition and finding ways to bring that knowledge into the formal assessment process of the ITCC. We touched on that in this report for making greater strides in the subsequent reports. So, for example, in the motion in crisis official report that we will release next year in the Polar chapter there we have access directly to people who are holds of indigenous knowledge as part of the assessment process. So, really a knowledge is a broader set of knowledge to contribute to the process. How do we get there? Well, we can only achieve this broad range of admissions adaptation and education to remove to sustainability so that notion of sustainable development is the keystone is an important part of the development agenda because it enables the kind of rapid from reaching unprecedented change that is required in these systems. The report lands on the fact that that drive from admissions sanitation and education and sustainable development is best achieved through the development pathways with low energy demand, low material consumption and low carbon food. So, that's really where the sweet spot lies. But they're all bare-faced and trade-offs. We can't live without that. If you're going to act ambitiously, there are going to be winners, but there are also going to be users and we have to think about who's going to lose and where they're going to lose and how we manage those trade-offs. So, the trade-offs are as important as the synergies if we're interested in equity and social justice. Because of those concerns the report lands very importantly that this rapid, far-reaching far-reaching unprecedented transformation and transitions has to be ethical and fair. We cannot act ambitiously and further marginalize what is really more important for. So, we have to choose to take a careful mix of policies and the report calls on very carefully the need for climate resilience development pathways. So, the pathway to ambitious adaptation and mitigation focus on sustainable development with equity and social justice as we call to that process. This implies that we are going to have to change the way that we do our business. We're going to have to go to multi-level governance so we're going to have all spheres of society talking to one another and having a table on this is why these sorts of needs are so important. There has to be innovation and importantly, there has to be a redirection of investment. We cannot continue to invest the way we're doing. We have to start revaluating our financial flows into the provision for example of climate resilience and low carbon infrastructure. So, the underlying message of this overall report to the world and I think that's why it's captured everyone's imagination, is that we have to have urgent and far-reaching action and just to gain more support that is global emissions have to peak before 2030 in all of the pathways that are compatible with 1.5. So, it's an entire snowfall and if you really encode all of those new stages that keep saying it's needed like 12 years before the end of the world you don't have 12 years in fact you probably have 12 months because if you're going to achieve those rapid, far-reaching transition you have to start acting now. You can't wait to be able to be able to be able to do it every day of the month and, you know, sort of the night on that day so the emissions have to peak the carbon dioxide emissions have to fall by 25% by 2030 and each net zero by 2050 so what that means is the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the atmosphere have to be equal by the amount that we call out that's a tough chart by the lower century. We have to focus on ethical and fair transitions in the sandwiches action and the report is very careful there is no geophysical reason why we should not be able to achieve a global one point five degrees it's all about the willingness of governments and the society now so science is not the obstacle the natural systems are not the obstacle the obstacles that solicitors and solicitors or that each of us are going to do a lot of changing that to ensure that the GNI of the world that creates these transitions thanks very much


One of the most common questions I get asked is, you know, how do I start day trading? So what me and my mentor about it for our viewers on YouTube is create a free mentorship course that reveals our 12 secrets that every single brand new day trader should know before they get started. But please take note that there is limited seating every single week. So please reserve your spot at myinvestingclub.co. Link is in the description. This is almost a beginner webinar, but I'm hoping that experienced traders maybe get something out of it or, you know, maybe like non-beginners get something out of this too. But I definitely think this is something that we all kind of have to go over, right? Like what we talked about in this webinar kind of has, like every trader has to know this stuff. So like I had fun, I had fun doing this one. So we're going to be talking about market efficiency, how to kind of spot it, how to formulate theses around it, you know, like what, like, you know, things that you have to contemplate when, when determining if there's like opportunity or not. So we're going to get into that stuff. Yeah. So the overall market is still like for the last like three weeks or not longer than that for the last like month or so, I thought that we would kind of have this choppy up trend. Like I would not be clean, you know, excuse me, it would not be clean like this.   And even this one just died. This is a solid uptrend from 2019 to 2020. It's just chug, chug, chug, chug, chug. I felt like we would have an uptrend, but it would be choppy. And like you can kind of see already, like this is very wacky these last couple of weeks. And so that's kind of what we have. And that's kind of what like I expect to happen, what I expect to continue up until probably for like another month, I would say for another month or so until all tensions kind of, you know, all political tensions come down, you know, everything that's supposed to happen does happen. And, you know, a lot of the, all the uncertainty can kind of, you know, like a lot of the uncertainty that we see with coronavirus and all that stuff until all that stuff settles down. I don't think that we're going to see smoothness in the market at all. I think it's a fair assumption to make. But anyway, last week we were kind of, you know, like we had just saw that the last two weeks of the market were really kind of volatile, right. Really not that stable at all. But we were starting to see that, that, that stability light at the end of the tunnel as the market kind of continued that choppy uptrend that I just talked about. But it seemed like the floor was getting steadier and steadier. And the market in my, like I discussed this last week, I thought the market was showing relative strength, you know, given that we, you know, we were still in economic distress, but the market was at all time high, showing that, you know, comparatively to the GDP, right? Like we shouldn't be, but yet the market is showing this, this vigor, this, this confidence that we will eventually recover. And so it seems like in an attempt to kind of pre-priced everything that we're, we're still here at all time highs. And so basically I thought that we would just see that slow continuation of the trend.  This week was a overall flat week. There's not much happening, just kind of a stall here. And I think this is a stall right before January 20th, right before supposedly, you know, a lot of uncertain things are going to become certain and finalize. And so I think that's, you know, slight stall. Like, hey, we, you know, we're already at all time highs. Let's just make sure everything, everything does happen. That's supposed to happen before we continue higher. I think that's, that's kind of what's going on. If I had to place a guess. And so like, you know, like we got that news this week, I think it was yesterday, right, or two days ago that, that this new vaccine is supposed to be beefy enough to handle like the new strain of the virus. And that's another, you know, that's another like bearish concern on the market, right? That, that, that's a weight on the market right now. And so like anything that we can do to make that, that weight lighter is going to create more stability in the stock market and get us more on track to that, that steady uptrend that the spy likes to do.  And that, you know, that kind of shows that sentiment remains the same is that, that, that bullish optimism that's keeping that, that uptrend going. I do think the last hurdle we have is that January 20th inauguration that's going to happen. And after that, I think the spy will have a less choppy time. That 400 psych level resistance is kind of looming plus the 20th ahead because we have those two things for the next week. I don't really see the spy going anywhere.  Socks do not like to chill at highs because longs get nervous and shorts get excited when stocks stall at highs. So like, I wouldn't even, I wouldn't even like if I had to guess, I would guess maybe a slight pullback this week, just or a pullback should happen. And if we just hold flat up here, that would really show some, some relative strength, I think, just because, you know, like we were kind of flat this week and the markets has been up and down, up and down up here. And the market typically doesn't like to do that unless it's relatively strong or there's a pullback happening. And with this 400 psych resistance and the 20th, I don't see us going up. So I think the best case scenario is that we kind of just hold. We know we kind of just hold a high bid and then, you know, like if that's the case, then we continue higher after. What's this? You'll never find an erection high. What is that supposed to be? California or DC? I know it is. Yeah, I see it. Hey, guys, my name is Tosh Bradley. I'm one of the head mentors and moderators of my investing club. If you have any questions about getting started in trading, getting started in M.I.C. M.I.C. in general, text me at<PHONE_NUMBER>. This is not a robot. It is me directly on the other end of my business line. And we'll get you in the club. We also have special promotions going on that I can get to you depending on your trading needs. Hit me up. Back to the video. Anyway, and so like last week in the small cap markets, right, like it was the return of the day twos, right? And this acts the last couple of weeks, but I didn't do a webinar for the previous week, but yeah, it's basically been returned of the day twos these last couple of weeks, right? Just everything's, you know, day two, day three, day four, right? Like things are having more continuation. And so what I thought was that, you know, we were going to get last week, I like, I thought that we were going to get our cool down. Right. But I felt like Bitcoin was going to have that kind of pull back, which we did get. And I thought that everyone who was trying to get into Bitcoin would kind of suffer a little, a little setback as Bitcoin was kind of already extended and we've seen these runners before. And so Bitcoin did. It kind of, we did see that. Like we did see that Bitcoin kind of fall and now it's rallying again. So like maybe these multi-day moves can make a second round. And like, I don't even, I don't even think bingo is related to that, but that's kind of an example. Like once we have a little set down, maybe even the ones that have already continued can continue. Like I think that we were going to see a stall in the continuation. And then maybe, and then maybe they could come back. And so I think I was kind of on it. Like we're definitely, it's definitely slowed down a little bit. So like we'll see if the continuations now come back or re-enter or like Long just totally got too excited, too, too happy.  Here, return of the bears, the return of the disgruntlers. And so as you can see, like one thing about this market is even though we're starting to slow down, I think like there's still a lot of bullish sentiment out there. All of these stocks on the left-hand side are the stocks that I believe created a positive bullish sentiment in the market. And there's a lot of them, right? LMFA went nuts, NCTY went all the way to 18. LGHL had a couple of continuation. FTFT continued yesterday and today. CPSH was a monster, was a monster, was a monster move. DPW made that monster move. Givo had that, Givo and Jagdx had those awesome continuations. FRSX today just lit everything up. You know, obviously it's small cap market that's going, I don't even know a small cap market exists, maybe in the dot-com bubble or something before I started trading where there was more bullish optimism than bears. But it's small cap line is always going to be more. But this is a huge bullish, this is a huge bullish. How do I say, what's a reverse of a weight? You know, like an upward tug on the market.  It's an elevator. Yeah, and so like the bullish factors in this market, for this, for the market we're in, everything is still easy to borrow. Like I don't have, I don't see anybody having any borrow problems. Right, we're seeing multiple runners every single day, multiple multi-day runners. One thing that I love and see this is, this is something that I think is a bearish factor when there's only one sector running. To me, that means what happens when the fire burns out. Right now we got biotechs running, we got energy sectors running. We have, like what was the, what was the new, we have Bitcoin sectors running. There was this like SCNS kind of ran, SCNS and a couple of other like, I saw like 3D printing stuff was kind of going up for like medical devices. We got a whole lot of random crap running and that's good because that means that there's no shortage of stocks that wanna join the fray. And that's like, there'll be no shortage of plays like as anything and everything could sympathy marijuana. Like literally everything's happening right now. And this is, I mean, this is what to expect in January. Like overall, like we're seeing a slight slowdown in the market this week. But overall, I mean the trend, if anything, the trend, I think just got more bullish. The, you know, like the, that kind of medium trend. I think we got more bullish currently week to week. We're so currently suffering this little, you know, this little like pullback in the market. But like, I think that the market is technically stronger than it was a couple of weeks ago, just solely on all of this. And yeah, what's an offering, right? First of all, you know the market strong when you don't know which stock was the leader because there was too many leaders, right? Which one was the leader? Bingo, Jagex, like Givo, like which one was the leader? Like you can't really know, like they're all strong. And so, and also, you know, like what's an offering, right? Like that's like, that's a big theme in this market.  Like stocks are offering and then continuing up making all-time ties. So, you know, that's a bullish sentiment. And the reason why is because when there's an offering, that's the biggest fear for a long race. Oh my God, I'm gonna get offered on.  And normally when they offer, it's been a good dip buy. So like what, what do longs have to be afraid of? Like there's been no cataclysmic just straight up, just death that happens. And so that fear isn't there. And so when that fear is not there, longs are in control. The bearish factors in this market is that the Bitcoin sector is falling a little bit flat, but it is coordinating with the Bitcoin pullback. So I think that's a weak bearish factor because it could easily continue. A lot of extension in this market, that is a bearish factor when everything is like super high. Nobody, you know, that's a bearish factor because nobody wants to buy high. You know, when everything, you know, it's nice when they're moving, but as things start to get all super extended, you know, you have to think that that's a bearish factor as the man will probably soon to want to wane on at least on those names. And yesterday, there was kind of a slight telling that maybe we have like a little slowdown. Like a whole lot of stocks, like Tosh kind of said it in his webinar yesterday, right? Everything felt anchor weighted, right? Like like OPTT was a big one. OPTT just totally just had a meltdown. And normally when you see like one stock have a complete utter meltdown, that's like a little hint for how you can kind of gauge. Like, ooh, whoa, I haven't seen something. I haven't seen an all day fader like that in a whole long time. Well, all right guys, one minute to spare. Thanks for coming guys. I'm gonna stop the record before I lose it. Thank you so much for watching our video. If you wanna see more of our videos, please subscribe to our YouTube channel by clicking the button here. We do our best to post a new video every single day. If you have any questions about MIC or any general trading questions, please text Tosh using the number here. Also stay up to date by watching some of our most recent videos right over here.