This is Think Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. Welcome to The Condo Insider, your show about everything to do with condo living, condo owning, and all that other good stuff. I'm your host, Scott Shirley, and my guest today is none other than Mr. Richard Emory. So you don't need to adjust your TV sets. We have actually did switch places today. Well, this is a chance to talk story about a few things and try a little bit different format, but I'd like to tell all of our viewers that you've all known about the fire safety issues and one of our major high rises, that there is a special seminar coming up on September 16th sponsored by the city and the mayor to talk about fire safety and they'll be announcing where and when on September 16th. I think it's from nine to 12, if I'm not mistaken. Well, I guess that means it was worthwhile having you with us today. Well, that's amazing. What are we going to talk about? Well, we're going to do it a little differently today. We're going to have more of a talk story session rather than an interview type of session. But before we get to that, I wanted to comment on the fact that one of the things we're going to talk about today is requesting condo docks in the sale of a condominium. And I understand you were just in Kona yesterday for the Realtors General Membership Meeting speaking pretty much about the same topic. Well, it really wasn't at the West Hawaii Association of Realtors, which is the adjunct to the Hawaii Association of Realtors. And they actually had a board meeting in the Governance Committee and their concerns were they've had member reports about Realtors asking for documents that they think it's expensive. Number one and number two, they want to make sure they're accurate what to do if there's no problem. So I was invited over, so I spent my day going to Kona's talking story with them. They're very productive, really nice people. And I think it was a good basis of communication. But I think the industry as evidenced by Kona's side are trying to reach out the industry as a whole, not just owners and board members, but vendors and Realtors to try to get better dialogue on issues before us so we all understand what the playing field is. I think that's important that everybody understand what the playing field is. And that's been one of the big topics amongst Realtors. And I've just been noticing it even more in the last couple of weeks. They're concerned about ordering documents and the cost of documents and things like that. Now, several episodes ago, we were talking about the Statute 514B and our two-part series that went on for four parts. And there's a section in that discussion that we had using the Core B course from the real estate commission where it listed a whole bunch of things that an owner is entitled to. It's a little different when you're selling the condo because of the disclosure that's required or expected. That list is not nearly as long of what a buyer wants to see as opposed to what an owner is entitled to. So I think we should start off with that first in regards to- That's the common misunderstanding. Owners say, or I'm an owner, I'm entitled under the statute to all of these documents. So I'm gonna sell my place, so I want all of these documents for free and to give it to my realtor because the sales contract provides that the buyer is entitled typically within 14 days, sometimes 10 days. All of these documents is part of their due diligence. And so what they're saying is that because of an owner that we as management companies have to stop everything we're doing and instantly go and satisfy these requests. But I think there's a lot of things they overlook when they make that assumption. Well, and I agree with you 100% on that. And plus there are times where the contract does say they need these documents within, let's say, 14 days. But they get around to ordering the documents two days before the end of that deadline. That's correct. Rather than at the beginning of that deadline and then it becomes our issue on trying to meet that deadline. And I was talking to some realtors about that particular issue. They said, well, the realtors don't want to order too early because then if the buyer backs out then they have to pay for the documents that they ordered. And so they're waiting for the last possible second to hedge their bets to make sure the documents they ordered, they'll get reimbursed in escrow at the time of closing and that the buyer doesn't walk out on them. So going back to the owners for a second, my general advice in the show we had before was, yes, you're entitled to certain documents as specified in the law. But when you request those documents of the management company or the board, if you're self-managed, take the time to think what you really want or need because I've had so many requests where the owner says, I want all the ledgers, all the bylaws, all the financial statements, all the invoices for the association for the last 10 years. What's thousands of pages? And the statute allows the management company to charge for the administrative costs related to that. And more times than not, because the office ran as expensive in Hawaii, only the current year's records are kept in the office. Everything else is kept in typically a professional fireproof warehouse. So someone's got to pay to go retrieve the boxes and bring them back so someone can review them, then take them back again to restore them. And those are all costs that are charged to the requester or the buyer, not the buyer, but the owner requesting, the records are gonna be charged for all those things. So they may be upset, they may be angry, they may want to go look for the smoking gun, but think through carefully what you're looking for before making a request and maybe even do it the stages that I want to see the check register that you're looking for or maybe things you believe were not properly paid for. And from there, say, I want to see invoices for vendor A and vendor B, but he's broad-based request saying, I want everything for the last 10 years. First of all, you add a lot of time to get them. But B, you're probably talking a couple thousand dollars in expense if you really want to follow through and the management company's gonna request you pay in advance because there had been times in the old days when we didn't ask them to pay in advance and then they'd get there and they wouldn't pay for them. Yeah, exactly. So it's an issue, but owners are entitled to records and my only advice is that they carefully look at what they're looking for and narrow the request and maybe do it over several requests. Well, in a condominium purchase, generally speaking, what a buyer is usually looking for or has been passed via statute legislation is the minutes of the last three border directors meeting, current financials, minutes of the annual meeting, a copy of the bylaws, declarations, house rules, articles of incorporation, insurance summary. That's usually what it's limited to for a buyer. In the old purchase contract, actually used to have a checklist on it and now it just says all documents required by law because over the last few years they've been indicating that you must have this or you must have this in a purchase. Well, let me just try to outline the issues as I say though. Seller wants to sell his condo, hires a realtor, realtor goes and finds a buyer, they sign a contract. That contract between the buyer and sellers, between the buyer and seller, we as the management company, don't even see it, we never get a copy of it. We don't know what they expressed or promised or said they want. However, these forms are really governed by the Hawaii Association of Realtors and they're all copyrighted by the Hawaii Association of Realtors. So when you look at that purchase contract, often called a DROA today or maybe not anymore, but used to be called a DROA. In section M, the Hawaii Association of Realtors said this is what you're supposed to ask for. And this is the document which is supposed to get to give to the buyer so they have full disclosure. But one of those documents is another copyrighted Hawaii Association of Realtors form called the RR-105C, which is kind of a disclosure from the management company with respect to the status of many issues in association. Are they being sued? Has the board talked about raising the maintenance fees? Are there any deferred maintenance? Those types of issues. And so what happens is there's nothing in the statute requiring the management company to fill it out. It's not an obligation. And if you look at the form itself, it says we do it as an accommodation. So now we go back to we now have a four-page, multi-question legal form that if in fact you didn't take the time to fill it out properly could expose someone to liability. And I'll give you some examples shortly if you ask me for the examples. Don't forget to ask them. No, this is talk story. Yeah, I don't have to ask you. All right. So anyway, you look at that form, typically most management companies charge around 185 bucks for that form. Well, do you think you can get a little lawyer to go fill that out for four pages? Probably not. Maybe per page. Right. But what happens is, you know, the realtors don't understand, they think it's a static document. We just drag and give them the same thing over and over again when in fact that form is personally reviewed and signed off for at the time of this transaction because yesterday they may not have agreed to raise the maintenance fees and today they could have agreed to raise the maintenance fees. Well, today you found mold where you didn't find mold yesterday. So it's due at the time the form has completed at the time of this transaction. So they must be personally done and completed. So just to kind of give you an example, this particular owner who I was talking to was upset because they're total cost for all the records, the bylaws, annual meetings, the last three minutes, the reserve study, the declaration of bylaws, et cetera, plus the RO 105C, I went around that office $360. Well, half of it $180 was this legal form that's not an association record. So you had $180 left, which was charged for 711 pages of information, which is about 20-something cents, I think. I didn't calculate it exactly, but they think it's just drag and post to an email when in fact we have to make sure that those are the current minutes. You could have had a board meeting two or three days ago with something important in it that we need to give the draft minutes because of the fact we want full disclosure to the buyer. So I think people underestimate what really work is involved for that program. Well, it's interesting to point out too that that was 700 and some odd pages. The statute actually allows up to a dollar per page. So those documents could have been well over $700. They weren't, because like you said, they averaged out about 20 cents a page. So it's actually less expensive than what people actually could be charged for. Yeah, and of course we're talking about the disclosure portion within the section M of the real estate contract. There's all these other issues that come up because of the escrow we can get back in a minute, but so you have this issue that you want the buyer to have full disclosure and believe it or not, lenders want to see the RO-105C this form. They won't even allow the buyer to give them the RO-105C. That's right. They go and order another one directly from the management company because the concern is the reliability of the information that's in those documents.  Where if they go to an independent company like the management company, they have relied on an independent source that is the custodian of records. So the likelihood is there's gonna be the accurate records. But there's nothing to say that an owner when selling their unit can't say, I'm gonna go give them these documents from my files and these documents I'm gonna order, which is a lot of cards, so the cost would be much less than 360. However, they're always gonna be stuck with this RO-105C. Well, I think that's the other bit of confusion because I've been teaching this for a number of years as well, is that the RO-105C is a courtesy form. It's not mandated by any statute. So it's completely voluntary. You're not required by law to do this particular form. And some realtors think it is part of the statute that you must provide this form, but it isn't. Well, testing my memory, which is not too bad. The original RO-105C came out in about 1994, 1995. Because I was on the original design committee of the RO-105C, which has changed over and over again over the last 20 years. And the whole concept behind it was that we've always had a seller disclosure of the unit owner, but the unit owner, most of them don't keep in touch with the association or board what's really going on. So asking the unit owner the status of the common elements of the association probably wasn't as high a quality of a disclosure as having the management company do it. So the unit owner surely would say whether they have asbestos or lead pain in their apartment or they've been experiencing problems, whatever it may be. But when it goes back to the common elements of the association itself, back in 94, 95, the real estate Hawaii association realtors put together the RO-105C to have an association disclosure typically via the management company. So the buyers have, you know, if you really think about our industry, we have very few, if any, a year, lawsuits over buying and selling real estate. We have such strict laws with so many forms and so much disclosure and so much straining, you rarely see a lawsuit involving the transfer of title between a buyer and a seller and a buyer. So this form is a good form, but the issue is it results as part of a contract between a seller and a buyer. And the decision by the industry, the realtors, that this is an important document. And so then they come as an accommodation, we complete that form every time it's reviewed before it's issued. So you can have it maybe issued five or six times in a month that every one of those had to be reviewed by someone. And if something were to go wrong, there would be liability issues. Okay, well, we're gonna continue talking story about condo docs, but first we're gonna take a short break. Okay. Okay, as long as I got your approval and we'll come right back to the condo insider. I'm good. I'm good. I'm good. But I have a story and I don't know where to start. I feel alone in a crowd. I can't sleep. I feel overwhelmed. I don't even know who I am anymore. I still have nightmares. I can't live like this anymore. I'm really not so good. But are you ready to listen? Going to the game and it's gonna be great. Early arrive and for a little tailgate. I usually drink but won't be drinking today because I'm the designated driver and that's okay. It's nice to be the guy that keeps his friends in line, keeps them from drinking too much so we can have a great time. A little responsibility can go a long way cause it's all about having fun on game day. I'm the guy you wanna be. I'm the guy, say good morning. I'm the guy with the edit set. Let's go. Welcome back to the condo insider, everything you ever wanted to know about condos. And we've been doing it a little differently today where we're talking story rather than interviewing and of course we have, I guess we basically can say we're both co-hosting this one today. I guess we're both real estate brokers and we've been in the industry a long time and it's a topic that's really misunderstood that we need to do more education in the field about. Even owners have to pay the bill when they sell a property. Always think that it's just a drag and drop and there's no work involved. Well it's interesting when you were talking about the infamous as I call it, RR105C. I had pointed out that there's no mandate in any statute that this form has to be filled out but back when you were on that committee that was putting this together, back then it was to solve a problem and it was basically designed for the banks. That's why you have questions on there is any one person own more than 10% what's the owner occupancy rate and things like that because the banks wanted to know if there is a refusal to fill out the RR105C then the management company will usually get a form that looks awfully familiar from the bank to fill out for this process. Certainly after 2008 with all this catastrophic problems in the real estate market and the economy and financial institutions and loans they become much more strict with regard to data, reserve studies. Even when you get the RR105C they may have their own addendum called a lender's questionnaire of another 10 questions. And frankly the White Association Realtors in the last 48 hours I wanna say yesterday just released the newest version of the RR105C where they added a whole bunch of questions about mold. So it's a moving target that requires some work but let me just briefly share with you an example of why this is important. Okay. Personal requests in RR105C, board in power now comes to the question about cast iron pipes is there any deferred maintenance? Well this is a whole bunch of elements. So you say yes we have deferred maintenance our pipes are leaking. Well that's gonna cause a problem with lenders with respect to getting a loan. So we have that situation. We have the management company look and we put in yes, however the board got an engineer they've studied it, they've gotten bid, they've got a loan that's scheduled for repair in October. That usually satisfies the lender because they see it's being addressed. So then next week the board gets removed by the distant owners and they'll wanna pay for the loan and a new board comes and they say well we're not sure we're gonna do this and now I get a new cast iron RR105C. Now we don't wanna be in a position so we have to actually go and talk to our lawyer at the time what's the best way to deal with this? Because it isn't that they weren't gonna do it. They said we're gonna reevaluate it. We might do it, we might make it someone else to do it. So we then have to change that form. The yes is deferred maintenance. The former board did the following. A new board has been elected as in the process of reviewing all these directions. They are committed to a resolution to the problem but may choose to select a different approach to different ventures. If we didn't do that and by our butt in there and all of a sudden there's an assessment or a loan or a new change, who they're gonna blame? Us. Well, we always get the blame. That's true. So I mean it's very important that the information be accurate and it's not a matter of just checking off a box. We have to look up the questions and go to the manager who's in charge and look what's really going on and try to give in the description side of the question an honest evaluation, not an opinion but more of this is the exact facts at the moment. So if the lender doesn't wanna loan the money because they don't feel it's been resolved, that's their choice. If the buyer doesn't wanna buy because that's their choice but our role in completing that form is to have an honest disclosure so they can make an informed decision.  You have all these documents that you're giving the buyer to read and then you have this RR105C over here which is about four pages long. So they'll go through and look at that and not bother to really go into looking at the minutes the bylaws and things like that. It is still extremely important for a buyer to understand what they're buying and not all the answers are going to be in that RR105C. Well, let's kind of put this in perspective. They sign a contract, there are deadlines of the weather and violation of the contract of disclosing all this so the management company has to do this RR105C and provide all these documents in 10 days and they charge a fee, it's paid for by credit card by the realtor, usually charged back to the seller because that's what the contract says and meanwhile they open escrow. Well, you know, there's other parts of opening escrow and there's other fees there, right? The buyer and seller and you know, an escrow company is not the agent of the buyer and seller, it's a neutral party. And so you know how the issue, what's the escrow company? Well, they want to make sure you get all the conditions in the contract are resolved but then their job is to make sure that when that closes on that day that all the money that's owed is payable. And so there's a fee in escrow for the seller, charge the seller to get a final accounting and people say, well, you just look at the ledger online. Well, I wish that was true, we just looked at the ledger online but let's take another practical example. The contract says that where they had a loan for example, that the buyer or the seller has to pay off the present value of the loan. Well, they would have the option and just continue to make the payments and or pay off the loan. Well, how do we know that? Well, then how does that not get calculated? And what if they're self managing utilities that they have their own metering system? Someone's got to read the utilities and charge that. So that's properly allocated. Then you take on the fact, this just happened a couple of days ago where the owner says, why pay my maintenance fees by sure pay so we don't have to account for that because it's being taken out automatically. And so we're working on this settlement statement but he stopped payment on the sure pay. So we weren't gonna get the money for the current month's maintenance fees. So someone has got to go through and look at all of the accounting, whether it be stop payments, fines unpaid, future charges that may not be in the ledger yet, a whole bunch of items to validate to the escrow company that if we collect this amount all square, everybody will have paid what they owed and so there's a fee for that. And most associations feel that it shouldn't be an expense of the owners. It's certainly not included in our management contract. It shouldn't be an expense of all the owners. It should be expense of the seller or the buyer that's running on the contract to pay for it. And so the cost of this is absorbed by the people involved in the transaction. Well, you know, it was a discussion even while I was on the real estate commission of the need, whether it's a resale or a brand new condo, that buyers really need to, once they get these documents, they really need to look at them because, you know, good example of that is, I wanna buy this condo to do vacation rental in and the bylaws say you can't have any rentals less than 180 days, would you wanna know that in advance as you're going through this purchase that you're not gonna be allowed to do a vacation rental there? Well, I think that was one of the things that the realtors I met with yesterday and Conan said is that, what do we do to get people to read the documents? Because it's not just the R I want to have. I see right now they're complaining about the cost because in my example where they ordered everything that it cost them $360 for 711 pages plus a custom completed questionnaire of four pages that have legal implications. Yeah, well, it's just the cost of doing business. You know, it's not really, as you said under the statute 480 I think it is, we can charge a dollar a page so we could charge $711 plus the wire if I see. I don't think anyone's trying to take advantage of people but I don't think it's fair to put anybody to have to do work and not be compensated for it and also you don't wanna ask them to do the work and not be liable for the work product. Well, you know, there is that old saying if you got it for free it was worth every penny you paid for it. Yeah, that's true. Yeah, sure. But I think, you know, there's a confusion between this and 508D Seller's Disclosure Law. There is a law in the book that says Seller must disclose everything they know about the property. This in a condo is just in addition that it's in the statute that you will provide these documents. Selling everything you know means one thing but if you're an owner and you're not on the board and you haven't been following it you don't know very much and they want to have to these buyers. Cool disclosure. I had a situation where I got a complaint that the R105C was in crepe field because we had checked there's no asbestos in the common elements. And so the owner said I got in the unit there was asbestos in the unit. Well, how would we know that? We wouldn't know that. The forum says common elements in the asbestos because they had remediated it. And so we then chose to point out that when the resident manager showed the buyer around he pointed out the asbestos in the ceiling. But that went away. But you can see that behind the scenes is phone calls, there's lawyer letters, there's discussion with professionals on how to answer questions to make sure we have honest disclosure for the buyer and we represent the seller well on making sure they have the right information. I think what people really do need to realize however is that these documents are extremely important for a buyer. And these are actually reasonable fees compared to what is allowed under the statute to be charged for this. I don't remember all the states. I want to say Arizona is one of them. Some of them have had laws where they've put a maximum on it. Most of these laws are five, six, seven hundred dollars the maximum and that's before the R105C. Yeah, exactly. I think what we need to do is educate the realtors and the buyers and the sellers and maybe put together a brochure explaining this because it's not just drag and drop some document that's already there. There's a whole lot of work involved to make sure the proper disclosure is made for buyers. Well again, it was talk story time with Richard and Scott sitting on different sides of the table this time and our time, it just amazes me how quickly this goes when you and I are doing this and our time is up already. Well, I listened to whining all day. Time for red whining all night. Oh, there you go. I understand that's just a hobby though. It's not a, so it's been my pleasure having Richard here again. Both of us having the opportunity to talk story about condominium documents. You've been watching the condo insider for everything you ever wanted to know about condominium living, condominium ownership and be sure to tune in next week for more great information on condo ownership.


Welcome to my first review video for my creative year for 2019. Now I'm going to review some oldies and some newies, a couple of things that are working really well for me and my new space that I want to share with you all. This is always intended to just be a quick video sometimes this year. It might be something that's inspiring us currently. Maybe it will be a traditional book review, which is how the reviews started way back when we started this whole thing. It might be a technique video, it might be a product video. These are couple cheap or I should say inexpensive things I'm using in my current new studio space that I'm really loving. The first one is an oldie that I used in the old space. These clip hooks, these are intended for drapery products. Now there's a lot of different kinds of these out there. Some of them have a completed ring. Some of them have these hooks. I prefer the hooks because when I want to use them, I can hook them on whatever surface is available to be honest, a wire shelf on the wall, a bookcase, a table leg, just about anything the camera if needed. If I need to leave myself a note dangling just behind the camera of what I need to say because yeah, that's the thing. These are from Daiso that you got like 12 of them for $1.50. So if you have a Japanese dollar store near you, which is what Daiso is for those that don't know, you might go there and look and see if they still have them. I did get them a while ago. I do know there are similar items on Amazon and I will try to link a couple of listings in the description below for you all. If you're interested in using these, I have a lot of sort of wire bakery style shelving in my art room and these hang off of there very well when I'm doing things like jelly printing and I have a lot of pages that need to be drying but aren't super drippy. I just need somewhere where they can dry out of the way. These are perfect. If they're drippy, I have a whole different system for that. I have a bookshelf with cookie sheets and yeah, that's a whole different thing. Anyway, clip hooks. They come in handy for a lot of things. I also use them for clipping up audio cables and wires out of the way and I just thought of something else and it flew right out of my brain. But anyway, I use them in my art room quite a lot. So you might be interested in, they might work for you. You all should know by now I have a small bits bank. I have a bank of tiny stair light drawers that contain a lot of small mixed media bits, everything from doodles I created on security envelopes that I cut out, to doorknobs, to die cut soda cans, literally there's a drawer of just keys, old keys. So when I want to go over there and I want to bring things to the table rather than make 20 trips and this looks a little messy right now, this is reality. I've been just dumping stuff in here for the last three or four days and instead of putting it away, it just got stuck here. So I'm showing it to you as it is. But that being said, when I want to go to the small bits bank, generally this big stuff is not on top of here. I can take my cookie sheet to the small bits bank. I can fill a cookie sheet, my muffin tin, and I can fill it up with all the little small bits that are currently catching my eye that are something I might want to use currently in mixed media. These actually, most of these are bits that I put in here when I was moving and I haven't had a chance honestly to put them away yet or go through it and decide what can go put away that I don't want to use right now and what I'm going to use. So I need to actually clean it out. But everything from literally here's a dried up used watercolor paint tube. You just saw me with a bread tie. I use those in my art journals, a tag for some clothing.   That works for me rather than making 20 million trips to and from the bits bank. I'm at heart lazy. So if there's a quick shortcut way to do something, I'm going to take it. This works for me. And I usually sometimes will keep it on this tray which makes it a little easier to handle. I wish it was a muffin tin with handles. But this little tray makes it easy to just carry it to and from the small bits bank. And the tray is also from Daiso, by the way. And then when I get real lazy, I can just do this and set it off to the side. So anyway, there you go. A couple little things I thought you might find interesting that you might be able to use if you want more pictures of my ways that I'm drawing artwork or storing my small bits. Let me know. I can certainly share that with you all. Excuse me. And that's it for today. Probably other teachers also have quick review videos, inspiration videos. We're calling it this year. My muse says, right now she's telling me I need to clean my studio. She's kind of yelling in my ear. So yeah, that's a thing. All right, I'll be back. Go out and have a great day. If you want to join my creative year on Facebook, it is a Facebook group with daily inspirational prompts and support to be creative on a daily basis. And if you want to be part of that, click on the link below in the video description and join us. You're welcome. Any time, all of you and any time. All right, that's it for now. Go out and have a great day. Do something nice for yourself because you deserve it. And I'll see you later. Bye, guys.


Our next speaker is Claudio. OpenBC hacker has been all over the network stack and now it's attacking storage with iSCSI demons the OpenBC way. So take it away Claudio. So Good day everybody. I'm gonna talk about iSCSI D and VSCSI or Okay, I'm moving over here. And VSCSI, the device that actually makes it possible to actually build this iSCSI initiator. All of this more or less started in 2009, so it's actually quite a long time ago. And I decided to actually do a talk about this now because I finally think iSCSI D is in my opinion production-ready. I'm running it now on my private server and I have no issue with it, so This is why I'm talking about it now. So What will we cover or what will I cover?  I will talk about VSCSI, our virtual SCSI controller and how that one is used to actually build up iSCSI D which is the initiator implementation that we now have in in OpenBSD and the last point is actually the magic needed to actually be able to boot and shut down with iSCSI in in the whole set. So what is iSCSI? It's in short, it's SCSI over the internet. There are two RFCs that more or less cover the base protocol. It was mainly designed as a cheap solution for sands because everything that was fiber-channel was extremely expensive. It also was the idea that you actually could reuse an already available network infrastructure. So if you already have a lot of ethernet ports and all the technology around, you can actually use iSCSI much easier than you can do the same thing with fiber-channel. It's network disk storage, so it's block access. It's not a network file system. For that we have NFS and SMB and some other things like AFS. What is SCSI? So SCSI is the small computer systems interface. It's really old. It is a protocol to access whatever IO devices there are. So it started with disks, then CD-ROM, tape drives, scanners. There was even the possibility you actually have ethernet over SCSI, so you could actually start doing everything over it. There is also various physical implementations of SCSI, so at the beginning it was parallel SCSI. In various forms, then there was SAS introduced, this serial attached SCSI. Fiber-channel, IEEE 3094, Firewire. The USB mass storage is normally using SCSI as a transport encapsulation. There is even software emulations in OpenBSD. Our SATA and RAID controllers are actually showing up as SCSI disks, even so they're probably not. So the driver itself is then actually translating these SCSI commands into the native, either ATA commands or for the RAID controllers in their whatever kind of messages they need to actually talk to the actual block devices behind it. So that's a SCSI device, and that's a SCSI device. SCSI itself is a request-response protocol. There is multiple targets.  It's possible to have actually multiple logical units. There is normally an identifier for them, the LUN, the logical unit number. The initiator is more or less at the beginning trying to discover all these LUNs and then is able to address them by these logical unit numbers. The initiator sends these command structures to the target. People normally call them the command descriptor blocks. They have the information in it. It's like, this is a RAID, this is a RAID, this is a discovery on all this information. The communication, this is important, I think, is always initiated by the initiator. This is why it's called initiator. It's quite logical. This is a little bit different to some other protocols, and I think it simplifies things, but it also makes other stuff harder because it's not really easy for a target to send something to the initiator to indicate an error or something. What SCSI is doing, it more or less packs all these SCSI transfers and everything that's normally on either the serial line or the parallel lines of a SCSI chain, it packs it into TCP streams. There is more or less a one-to-one mapping of a TCP session to a logical unit number or actually a nice SCSI session to a logical unit number. Every disk that you export through iSCSI normally has its own session. It's possible to actually have multiple connections per session. I have not really found all that many systems that actually provide that, but it's actually possible, and it would actually give you more performance and error silence because you would be able to actually issue multiple commands at the same time. An important part is also the authentication and capability negotiation. When the session is established, there is a handshake going on figuring out who can provide what kind of features. This is the iSCSI connection state machine. By default, you're either in free as in the session is unused or you're logged in. All the other states are just there to actually handle the connection setup which is going through here or actually error recovery, which is all these various states over there. A lot of the complexity of iSCSI is actually coming from handling error conditions. What happens if the TCP connection is turned on because there is a problem with the Ethernet or whatever? How do you recover from these things? Can you still be guaranteeing the reliability that SCSI has that a command is issued and actually is finished? There is various ways of actually handling these error cases. Interestingly, most systems that I know are implementing very simple error recoveries as in normally they just abort all the transactions, say they sit and work out and hope that the kernel then actually reduce the command as a second time. iSCSI goes over TCP. It normally uses port 3260. There are 18 message types defined of these 18 message types. There are five that are actually SCSI specific. There are eight messages for session and task configuration. Then there is a little bit of special messages that are also going a little bit in this session handling. Two of them are not messages, more or less, that you can ping-pong and see if the session is still alive. The as in Kronos messages are for error handling. The bulk of the messages are actually not about transporting data. They are actually about bringing sessions up, bringing sessions down, extending sessions and all these things. There is also funny that the base RFC already defines 22 various buttons that you can push and twiddle and tune and hope that actually you get better performance or worse performance or that you can interrupt with the device and things like this. There is a lot of various code passes that you need to try out. That was an issue for a long time in the beginning. At the beginning I had an issue in this negotiation of these options and it can happen that you are actually talking to another side and it actually seems to work.  It didn't make it easy to actually have all these options to tune and it sometimes would be easier to actually simplify, have a simpler base version that you can implement easier. Now let's talk about VSCSI. VSCSI is our virtual SCSI controller. It more or less exposes the SCSI bus or the SCSI subsystem to the user land. This means the user land actually then has to implement what would be a SCSI controller. In our case this is the SCSI initiator which is then transporting these SCSI messages to the other side where then the actual controller is sitting and is then doing all the work. For us it's actually, for iSCSI this is just a handling stuff like moving information in and out but it would also be possible to create a user land SCSI controller that talks to a local file. As an example if you want to do some crazy encrypted disk storage or something like that this would be a possibility. The kernel passes the SCSI commands from the mid-layer to the user land through this VSCSI interface. This means the SCSI disk from the kernel is creating a SCSI command, issues it into the mid-layer and then the mid-layer delivers it to VSCSI and queues it and transports it up to user land by a fairly simple interface. So it is all IOCTL based. It doesn't have any read or write function which is a little bit funky but it makes sense for this device. There's six IOCTLs and they're mostly there to first of all dequeue the SCSI command. Then there is one IOCTL to actually send back the response message of the SCSI command. There is two IOCTLs that are there to read and write data and then there is the two last commands which are necessary to probe and detach SCSI devices from VSCSI and from the SCSI bus of the kernel so that we can actually, if you remove a session in ISCSI D it actually then would detach it from the kernel and by that the disk would then actually disappear and no longer be available. It's also interesting that the VSCSI data read and write commands need to be looked at from the view of the device or of the disk device or the disk device driver actually. So if I'm writing to the disk this is a VSCSI data write and if I'm reading from the disk it's a VSCSI data read and it's a little bit reversed from what you would expect from the user land side because I'm actually, I'm calling read but I have to pass in data on the read so the naming is a bit funky. Here is an example how you would talk to VSCSI in a very simple driver. First of all you need to create all these various IOCTL structures. You then do a probe request which more or less you specify the target you're normally using glon zero because this is the first ID per target and you tell the kernel like probe in this device. The kernel will then start actually issuing VSCSI I2T commands to do the discovery. So this is then the next thing that actually happens. You're getting the VSCSI I2T command and then you're actually looking at this command structure and by looking at it you actually start to know what it is. If it's a write command or if it's a read command and then based on that you can then do various things. So here this is the write case so we're seeing that it's a write command. We're actually allocating the memory that we need to actually fulfill this write command. We then do the IOCTL to get all this data because the write data is already available from the kernel. So we're getting all this data out and then we'll send it to our write function and clean up. In the case of a read it's actually a little bit different because here we know actually I want to read something. So I first actually get the data, I'm reading the data, I'm filling out the tag information so that we actually can still... The tag is important to bind all these various commands together. So the I2T at the beginning gives me a tag and I need to tag all my messages that is part of this command with the same tag so that the kernel can then build stuff together because it's actually possible to do multiple reads to finish a one command and once it's finished and then as a last step I'm doing the T2Y IOCTL to tell it now the command is finished and let's go on. So this is the read case, we're reading the data in, we're filling out the buffers that we then pass in in the IOCTL and by that the kernel gets the information. At the end we're finishing the IOCTL, we're finishing the command by the T2Y IOCTL, there it is again similar, we have to tell it the tag which command it was and we're giving back the status if the transaction was successful or if there was an error condition and by that we more or less give the kernel the feedback what goes on. And the last example is more or less like how you detach a disk, it's very similar to actually attaching to it, you tell the target, you tell the logical unit number and you call the VSCSI detach function and with this you're actually able to more or less do everything that you need to do with the SCSI device. Where are we there and what is needed? VSCSI is actually pretty much finished, it's actually funny when I was doing this slide, two days later there were two commits to VSCSI, so the no recent changes is a little bit of a lie, but it actually works and it does the job well. Sometimes it would be nice to actually support multiple VSCSI consumers, it would be nice to actually be able to run maybe two VSCSI Ds at the same time, one on the VSCSI 0 device and one on the VSCSI 1 device so that you could restart one while the other one is still keeping up a second connection to your same disk and then using the multi-pass features of our kernel to actually being able to restart demons and things like that and not losing connection in the meantime. Sometimes I had the feeling that it would be nice to actually have proper blocking IO modes and use like read and write and things, but I came more or less to the conclusions that the IO controls actually work very well. We're using in ASCSI D, we're using LibEvent anyway, so everybody is polling or KQing and that makes it not necessary to actually do any kind of blocking IO mode. The idea here is more or less that you poll until you get an I2T command from the kernel that more or less starts the whole initiation of getting some data or writing some data. So why did we start with ASCSI D? We're definitely not the first ones doing an ASCSI initiator. I know that FreeBSD has an internal initiator. The time I started at that time, that BSD was working on a user line initiator using Refuse or a generic ASCSI implementation using Fuse and Refuse. But as far as I know, they actually now also have an internal initiator. We think we can do better as I would normally say. We're trying to do a simple reputation. We wanted to have less kernel code, so less parsing of messages or anything in the kernel, privilege dropping, like not having to use SuperUser for anything, all these things about what BSD is normally about. And yeah, we're also having, I'm saying here a mild form, but sometimes it's not really mild form of not invented here syndrome. Now, what it is not? It is not yet another OSPF or BGPD clone that uses multiple processes and sends iMessages back and forth and all these fancy things that we have copied many demons now. But it uses some parts of it. So we have a control socket, we have an iSCSI CTL command, but we're not really using iMessages where it's done a little bit easier and a little bit different. It's also not necessary to have multiple processes because we can just change root and privilege drop and everything is fine. So you only need SuperUser rights to actually open the VSCSI device. And after you've done that, it's done. You don't have to do anything anymore. We can change root away, we can drop the privileges and that's it. There is no need to do stuff like DNS resolving or anything other that would need to actually be outside of the change root. And one of the tricks that we did is actually that the whole config parsing is done by the iSCSI control program and then passed through the control socket to the demon so the demon doesn't need to reload the config and actually keep away to actually read that file open. So the change root actually works. Yeah, the reconnect is... He was asking how we are handling the reconnect. So reconnect are in a way simple because we actually don't do DNS lookups. So the config that we're getting from iSCSI CTL only has IP addresses. So on the reconnect we just open the socket binding connect and get a new session. No, we don't do that. This may be something to think about but at the moment it's not done, it's also a little bit... It doesn't make sense to drop the limits to a minimum because you actually don't know if there is more sessions coming in. Like if you afterwards reconfigure your iSCSI command if you change your iSCSI config to actually open up more sessions you would not be able to do that. At the moment we just allow it to have as many FDs open as it wants or at least what's the hard limit off the system is at the moment. The good thing is and this is why we have vSCSI is it actually reduces iSCSI D2 very simple tasks. So for iSCSI it means that the messages coming from the kernel are completely black boxes. I'm never looking at what actually the kernel sends me I'm just taking it, packing it into TCP and sending it off. So the impact on the kernel is extremely minimal. So the vSCSI code itself is about 600 lines of code and is extremely simple. And iSCSI itself is also fairly simple because it's only responsible for very simple tasks. So it needs to have the session and the connection find the state machines it needs to make sure that it can open the connections it packs and unpacks the SCSI messages and that's it. It tries to be as simple as possible. It also probably is the reason why I'm actually was able to write this thing because I have no idea how SCSI itself as a protocol works. Now after years of working a bit around with it I have a bit of a better feeling but I'm definitely not a SCSI expert. That's for David who also wrote the vSCSI implementation. He probably knows way more about SCSI than I do. The important thing here is iSCSI D actually has to handle a lot of data copying in out and so the buffer management is somewhat important. The idea was that the iSCSI messages are very well structured also because of the idea of being able to use RDMA and other techniques. So they normally have well defined sizes and stuff. So the buffer management in iSCSI D is based on the idea how a PDU is built up. The goal is that we don't copy data more around that we actually need. We're already copying a lot of data from the kernel to userland and back and so we want to try to not copy it in userland around just for fun. And in the end the idea was that we actually also have an easier data management but I think that's normally always a goal. On the right we have the more or less the SCSI message format on the buyer. So we have at the top the basic header which is always present. This is this 40i8 byte thing that's always there. Then there is a possible optional additional header segment which has additional stuff in it. This is especially used during capability negotiation and similar things. Then there is a header digest that is more or less a checksum over the basic header and the additional header. Then a data segment that can be around if you're actually passing data in and out and the data digest. There is a lot of things that are optional. For iSCSI-D we're actually not using the digest fields as an example. The plan is there. They're defined but we're not using them at all. So the idea what I came up is I looked a little bit at how the vectorized IO commands work and I was trying to use them heavily for this. This is why struct PDU was also built similar to it. It consists of five segments of data that then more or less combined give you the iSCSI message. By that I can use one write command or one read command to send one packet at a time. As I already said, most transfer are initiated by the initiator. Especially once everything is up and running. It's just the initiator sending or actually our kernel giving commands and passing them all the way over and waiting until a command is finished. So iSCSI-D always starts with the I2T message. This is the first thing that comes in and based on that iSCSI-D then starts to transfer. It allocates the PDU buffers that are necessary. It does the scheduling of the task. It assigns the command to a certain session or connection and then starts running it. This is more or less how it roughly looks like. So at the beginning we have this IO event coming in. Then iSCSI-D does this vSCSI-I2T command. In this case this is a read operation so it tells me direction read. The iSCSI-D creates then the PDU, assigns it to a task, queues it on the task, which is part of the session. Then the scheduler more or less decides which connection is available, puts it onto this connection and then it actually starts sending the SCSI request over the wire to the target and the target then prepares everything and starts sending the SCSI data in commands over back, which then are translated by iSCSI-D in the vSCSI data read IOCTLs. This is more or less where the data is actually then moving back. Then at the end the status is coming back. First of all we're closing the command for vSCSI and the SCSI subsystem. We're sending the vSCSI-T2I command and we're cleaning up the task inside iSCSI-D. For write this is similar but is a bit different. It starts more or less the same way. It's a write but then we're sending the request. This is now a non-immediate write operation. In this case we're actually sending the SCSI read request saying, we're going to write to you now and then the server more or less sends back like yes I'm ready, you can start writing and then I'm fetching the data, sending the data to the other end and getting normally like you can send more data now until all the data has been sent over if it was a very large buffer and at the end again if everything is finished we do the vSCSI-T2I and we close the task. There is also a few shortcuts because as you see there is a lot of roundtrips going on here by using some of the buttons in the configuration options. You actually can do an immediate write. That means once you get the vSCSI-I2T that is a write, you can immediately do a data write part of the initial SCSI request. You can include already a bunch of data that you then can send with it over the writer. In the end if the buffer is small enough you can actually do just one roundtrip. You would just send it over to the target with the data already in it and then more or less you just get the status back. So it's much less work to do. But as I said because there is multiple ways of doing it you also need to more or less implement all the ways of doing it. So where are the problems with the startup? At the moment iSCSI-T2I can only provide non-boot disks. This is important. This is necessary because it actually needs running network and it needs to have a running userland because it's actually a userland daemon. This means you need to have at least in it an RC already running so you're somewhere between single user mode and being completely multi-user. You need to have in our case at the moment root and user need to be mounted because iSCSI-T is in user aspen at the moment but it would be possible to actually make it a static binary and move it to the root partition so you actually could be mounting user of iSCSI. In my opinion it's not really the biggest issue. Because you can easily boot off local disks normally on servers or you're using NFS to do a network file boot to at least get the root file system with root and user. The actual tricky bits are that even so you're actually starting to mount additional stuff very late in the boot up process you still need to make sure that you're reliably checking and mounting the iSCSI exported file systems. So if there was an unclean shutdown what needs to be happening is that the file system check is running and while the file system check is running no other daemons are starting up because they may actually depend on the file systems that iSCSI provides to be already mounted. This was a little bit of something we had to figure out how we're going to do this. We came up with a somewhat easy way of doing it. We already had a point because of how NFS works it was fairly similar. You normally mount the local disks first and then afterwards actually remount everything even the network devices once the network was up and running. So we just modified there a little bit around before we're doing the second mount of all the disks, the mount-a we added another file system check run that actually checks the iSCSI provided disks. Then we extended FSTAP mount and file system check so that they more or less have a better understanding what file systems are provided by are only available if we actually have network running. So FSTAP now has a net option similar to the no-auto option to more or less indicate this file system is only available if we have network. And mount and file system check then have now an additional minus N argument that tells them to only, if they're run with big minus capital N then they will only exclusively check the net file system so everything that has a net in it. If they are not run with capital N they actually ignore all the net lines. This is not completely perfect at the moment especially when file system check needs manual intervention but it works good enough to actually be reliable. On shutdown the stuff was a little bit more tricky at least I thought so at the beginning. So in it kills all user land processes before it sings disks. That means we're killing iSCSI before we actually flushed the file system so we were never able to actually shut down a machine or reboot. That's not good. And especially then with our multiplies support what actually happened was the file system disappeared but the kernel was still having 30 buffers and then it was just waiting and hoping that the disk would reappear again. And this never happened because iSCSI was gone. So there were two options of how we could handle it. We could try to unmount the disk before iSCSI is killed or we keep iSCSI running until the disks are synced. Then at the beginning I was like yeah the second option will never work but I did a quick test. I went into our kill code and more or less had a magic thing in it that just said if the command is iSCSI just don't send it kill signals. So you had an unkillable iSCSI and did a shutdown. And funnily enough the file system was clean when I booted up the system again. So this seems to work. So it's good enough to actually just keep iSCSI running on shutdown and then on reboot everything is fine. So what I did then is I added a process flag to indicate that process should not be killed by killmin minus one which init is using to kill everything.  The funny thing is this idea of having processes that keep alive even during the shutdown phase could help to keep some other processes even running for longer. So it would be possible to have like syslog the more or less being running in the system until to the end like to the dying gasp of the machine. So this may be something that we will do in OpenBSD. The thing is the kernel actually forces the unmount at the end. So he just goes and uses the big hammer to just close all the file descriptors. So it actually works. You may not get all the messages but you will get more messages because syslogD will be killed lost.   We don't really have a system where you can go and selectively say kill everything that uses this and this file system. We don't have support for that. In the end what is what still needs to be done. I think there is still need to actually clean up the code a bit more. The file system machine, the finite state machine that I was using is a bit funky. I wrote most of the code in about four days or something during a hackathon and it has some strange ways of how messages are being passed back and forth. There is still a few extensions that we don't really support. I would really like to test multi-connection support. I think our initiator actually supports it but I haven't found any target that actually does more than one connection per session. So that's a bit sad. Maybe I need to find some really expensive gear that actually supports it. And then long-term there is definitely the idea to actually not have to copy in data, copy the data in and out of the kernel all the time. So passing the messages in the kernel, keep them in the kernel and maybe even do RDMA. Funnily enough on my laptop, using the loop back, I'm actually able to do about 160 megabytes per second through iSCSI-D. So the speed is actually there even so we're actually copying all the data through user land. That's more or less the last slide. I want to thank David for actually pushing me to write iSCSI-D and providing me with iSCSI that actually made it possible. And I also want to thank Theo and Philip for helping me figuring out how to do the startup and shutdown dance. Yep. Any questions? iSCSI-D and iSCSI-D allow a remote target to communicate with the SCSI subsystem in the kernel. Yep. What measures are there to prevent the remote target from exploiting some bug in the kernel?  Yes. There is not all that much extra checking around. I rely on a working kernel that TCP-IP is safe. So if I'm opening a connection to a target that that connection is not intercepted by somebody else, the idea is also normally you don't run iSCSI-D over the internet. And if you want to do that, or you should use something like IPsec to actually make sure that nobody is injecting traffic into your data stream. For vSCSI, the thing is you need super user privileges to open that device. And if you have super user privileges, you already can read all the devices you have on the disk and fiddle with the kernel and do whatever you want. So I think there we are actually safe. Any other question? What kind of targets did you test against? I did a lot of work against the NetBSD iSCSI target code. That was mostly doing like being able to work on it on my laptop. There were people playing around with the FreeNAS implementation. I myself now have a TransTec iSCSI disk shelf that I'm using also to, that more or less provides a lot of disk space for my server. And this is where I'm actually doing most of the traffic now on it. Apart from that, I know that some people were also using the Solaris iSCSI target implementation, but not much more, I think. Any other questions? Let's thank our speaker then.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we discussed the following question that says, finally these number of years for which an annuity of $1200 per annum interest run in order that its amount just exceeds $25,000 at 8% compounded annuity. Now, in case of immediate annuity, we have A is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i to the power of n minus 1 the whole, where this property A is the amount of annuity small a is the annual payment of each installment then n is the number of periods annuity is the rate of interest per period and this i is equal to r upon 100. This is the key idea that we use in this question. In the question, we are asked to find the least number of years that is we have to find m and we are given that the annuity is of $100 per annum the amount is also given to us and also the rate of interest is also given to us. Let's proceed with the solution now annuity runs for to find m period. So, this is the case of immediate annuity and so we will use this formula. The question we have the amount of annuity as $25,000 plus annuity given by capital A is equal to $25,000 and small a which is the annual payment of each installment is given as $1200. So, small a is equal to $1200 then the rate of interest per period that is r percent is given as 8 percent per annum and so i is equal to r upon 100 that is 8 upon 100 equal to 0.08. Let us now consider the formula capital A is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i to the power of n minus 1 the whole where we have to find out the m. So, putting the respective values we have 25,000 is equal to 1200 upon 0.08 into 1 plus 0.08 that is i this whole to the power of n minus 1 the whole. Now, moving this decimal we put here 2 zeros. So, we now have 25,000 into 8 upon 1200 is equal to 1.08 to the power of n minus 1. Now, these 3 zeros cancel with these 3 zeros and 8 15 times is 120, now 5 3 times is 15 and 5 5 times is 25. So, we have 5 upon 3 is equal to 1.08 to the power of n minus 1 and from here we have 1.08 to the power of n is equal to 5 upon 3 plus 1 which is equal to 8 upon 3. And this is equal to we now have 1.08 to the power of n is equal to 2.666. Now, taking log on both the sides we get n into log of 1.08 is equal to log of 2.666. And thus from here we have n is equal to log of 1.08. Now, log of 2.6 0.4259 upon log of 1.08 is 0.0334. This will cancel with each other and so we have n is equal to 4259 upon 334 and thus we have n is equal to 12.75. Hence, the least number of years is equal to 13 years. That is 12.75 is ordered off to 13 and so this is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Hello again folks. We're gonna get started very shortly. Please make your way to your seats, grab a refreshment We'll get started in just about a minute. Thank you. Good afternoon folks. We're gonna get started. Thank you for coming This is a very special and exciting event a nice opportunity to recognize our own team members and colleagues and peers Some who are here for a long time some who are on their way out and some who are being recognized for their great work This is our 44th annual Recognition event and we're gonna start by introducing Dr. Gaines our provost and acting president to present the K Bowen Awards Thanks so much. This is my first one. I missed it last year. I think it was on travel And as I'm thinking about all the people there in this room who've given such service To this university. I'm looking at Deb It was one of the first people I met and I'm just so happy that I can be here with you as well Deb as as we say Not a final goodbye because you live across the street. So but anyway, welcome everyone, I'm really excited to be here and We're so pleased to be celebrating our outstanding employees. So today I have the distinct pleasure of presenting our 2024 Bowen Award to three amazing recipients along with recognizing Employees who have reached a milestone year and have combined 780 years of service to which university. That's crazy. That is wonderful We will also celebrate the 2023 and 2024 retirees Who have selflessly served Norwich University for a combined of total years of 326 years of service So we will also take a moment to celebrate our attirees from 2019 through 2022 that we were unable to celebrate in person. So they're here as well So I want to take a moment and speak about the K Bowen and K Bowen and the award And I learned a lot as I was going through my notes because I didn't know a lot about it And I asked a lot of questions. So each year three Norwich University employees are awarded the Kathleen Bowen staff recognition award And well anyone else who has previously been a Bowen award winner, please stand up We can give them a round of applause Thank you So Kathleen K. Bowen was a Norwich employee who worked in student life for 35 years She lived on campus in Woodbury Hall until her death in June of 1990 her passing was a huge loss to the university faculty and staff and those students who saw her as a mother and Grandmother and mentor away from home Outstanding individuals bring to their jobs the spirit and characteristics epitomized by K Bowen Examples of K's characteristics included kindness being a team player effectiveness efficiencies Going above and beyond a dedicating herself to Norwich University and their department respectful trustworthy accountable for their actions excellent customer service Participants in the NU community and Representatives of Norwich in a professional and appropriate manner We have had 33 nominations for 15 different individuals including one Prior recipient. So I just really want to give everybody a round of applause who was nominated Because it just shows how much we appreciate you and that you're appreciated every day for the job that you do Okay, so I'm gonna present these awards individually So as I call your name if you could come up so I can give you the award and we'll pose for a picture And then I'll say a little bit about you So for administrative support group Shelly Lindler Lindler going to that's fantastic All right, so Shelly's gonna stay here and then But here's a few words about Shelly Shelly Lindler never works she serves She cares deeply for the students. She serves and goes above and beyond to support them She is kind and caring towards core co-workers and always willing to help others with any and all tasks Shelly has led the holiday serving of meals to the student body for our cadre and is happiest when serving others She has gone above and beyond for students time and time again even getting up early to help motivate students through their fitness tests She understands and connects with cadets on all levels not reachable by the professional cadre She's the first smile or caring voice people see as they come through the door and the difference she makes is immeasurable All right, next up is Manager senior professional and administrative professional group ready Rija Ramahatra I know Rija and I love them I've worked with them now for a couple of years and absolute fantastic individual So Rija Ramahatra is one of the kindest and hardest working individuals He is constantly striving for perfection in his own work and lifting up colleagues So they can make more easily succeed in their own tasks What makes Rija stand out as a nominee for the Bowen award is not that he exemplifies one or two of the attributes noted as being characteristic of Kay Bowen But that he exemplifies them all with both grace and integrity He is tenacious in his dedication to the university both as a long-standing employee and As a member of the immediate and extended Norwich community his professionalism and accountability in particular Ensure that the faculty and staff with whom he works are well supported and that the students in his programs will receive the very best experience possible Rija is the commensurate team member and embraces his work with enthusiasm professionalism and respect for all all right one more round of applause for our next awardee for service group and Melissa Godin Forgotten. I hope I didn't say Melissa. Are you here today? Oh There we go. All right. I think we stunned Melissa. There we go Of course. All right, so now I'm gonna say a few wonderful things about Melissa Melissa is a very hard worker and is always willing to willing to listen and motivate others She willingly volunteers for everything and does it all with a smile One of Melissa's most endearing qualities is how often she goes above and beyond for her team's holidays as well as Rewarding those around her for their accomplishments She recently cooked an entire Thanksgiving meal for our international students who are not able to go home for the holiday She is a true example of someone who is an incredibly hard worker But more importantly someone who shows everyone around her that they are valuable and cared for So let's give one last round of applause for Melissa. Greg's coming back to MC. All right. Okay Well, now you've heard my name I'm Greg McGrath and the assistant vice president for student affairs and dean of students on year 19 of a one-year plan at Norwich How about one more round of applause for all three of our k-bow and award winners? I'm excited now to move us on to recognizing a whole bunch more folks a lot more folks And so on this occasion we want to acknowledge those employees who've completed a degree Completed a degree in the past year. So anybody who's completed a degree in the last year Would you please stand to be recognized? I'm not seeing anybody stand. Are we being bashful and shy? All right. How about everybody in the back of the room just got conferred an honorary doctoral degree? Congratulations pause for applause. Oh, I'm sorry. That's that's not to be read Moving on to milestones We want to honor our employees with milestone years of service i.e. 510 and so on it gets pretty high We have a few folks here who are on the top of that list at one point Tony Mariano and others. Hi, Tony. Hi, Gail When your name is called please come to the stage for a group photo I'm going to ask folks to hold your applause. I'm going to do them in groups of five then ten We're going to stand with Provost Gaines and have a photo taken so without further ado our five-year honorees After that further ado our five-year honorees All right. All right our own Dane Abernathy Crystal Almond Jess Amell Mark Atwood Provost Gaines really Patrick Beeson Corey Bennett Maureen Bradley Natalie Cartwright Jennifer Cornoyer coach Coach Christopher Delmas Sophie Daugherty Professor Chantel Eccos Matthew Fisher Rami Fuller Jean Sebastian Gagnon Sarah Galant John Gartner Sadie Hale. Hi Sadie Sadie works in student affairs with us. I'm not sure if Sadie's here Anne Harvey Steven Herodic Benjamin Hulbert Zachary Jackman Baker David Kisner Mark Cole Justin Custer And we're still going folks. There's a lot here under the five years Joseph LaValley Heather LeBlanc Kristen Martin Ann McClucky Paul Milne Taylor Nash Michael Orris David Sem Haleen Sisti My dear friend Seth Soman Ann Summers Cindy Souter who's here with us today. Yay Cindy Amy Welch And Cassandra Wills Our five-year honorees All right surprisingly the list doesn't get that much shorter that quickly so our 10-year recognize Nadia Al-Abadi Paul Apollo Elizabeth Adams Henry Collier James Dalton Greg Jankitis Miri Kim Michelle Leslie Min Lee Paul Morgan Linda Rastep Amy Roger Christopher Sandin Bethany Scalzo Mark Stefani Jennifer Tozzi And Teresa Zimmerman 10-year recognize. All right congratulations and thank you to our 10-year honorees and 15 years Thomas Carter Tammy Fontaine Holly Gaudette Steve Grindel Bill or Billy or ball as I usually typo email him Bill Nash Molyver Megan Oliver Officer Andy Starzik And coach Mark Zacker 15 years All right I joked before folks but it is getting a little shorter but it's still impressive the number of years and the number of folks who've been here for all of these years so Thank you to those who are honored for 15 and here are our 20-year honorees Sherry Campbell All right Sherry Kristen Dodge Kristen Milka Jokic Tony Raftery Fianna Verrett And those are our 20-year folks. Congratulations and thank you. All right. Thank you to our 20-year honorees I'll see you next year Our 25-year honorees Fadilla Numanovic Scott Page And Robert Pudiac Now it's my privilege to say we're getting up there With my colleague and friend at 30 years The next two 30 and 35 years student affairs are dominating these categories right now Colonel Bill Pasalacqua Congratulations and thank you Many years of service including one special year as the regimental commander of the Corps of Cadets 35 year honoree This person goes without introduction and by one name only three letters any guesses Rev Bill Wick ladies and gentlemen All right. Just to honor very especially this next person we're going to skip 40 years We have no 40-year honorees and jump right to 45 Now I once played on a softball field in Montpelier against this person and uh I don't know if you've been working at Norwich Ronnie Spalding for 45 years. I think it's time to retire softball Ronnie Spalding 45 years at Norwich University All right folks for Ronnie and everybody how about one last round of applause and thanks for their service At this point. We want to honor some of our retirees from our 2023 2024 retirees. We have 16 folks to recognize Who have selflessly served Norwich University? for a combined total of 326 Years So i'm going to ask that we hold our applause and ask our retirees to come up the stage to meet with dr. Gaines And we'll offer our applause at the end You're having a meeting with pro both games solve all of the problems All of the things terry bell rick bergen Dan carol I've seen dan try to leave a few times and i'm seeing you again patty ferrera kim healy connie hopper If you've ever emailed connie, you know, she goes by chopper Sheila jones Jane lane Papa, I mean alan lane mark parker michael prairie larry rooney kyle southworth Norm st. Ange david ward deb wick And mike. Yes, alonia One alibi. He's already coming Bill clements. I'm so sorry bill It's just white out all over the paper. I don't I'm sorry in following our 2023 2024 retirees We'd like to take a moment now To celebrate our retirees who were unable to celebrate in person. So if you are a retiree from 2019 through 2022 Please join us in front of the stage with dr. Gaines And thank you for your service to norwich university and I know some of you are out there I'm looking for you to come on up Smile For our k-bow and winners our retirees our honorees Before we go I would be remiss if I didn't share some thanks and there's quite a bit So please bear with me a lot of folks put a lot into making this event happen and offer the opportunity for recognition So would our k-bowen award excuse me committee members, please stand so past recipients of the k-bowen award Then go on to serve as the selection team for this year. Who are our folks in the audience? We've got bill wick. Thank you for coordinating sherry cambell Anyone that i'm missing that's in the room Anna van luvender and ronnie spalding. All right very good Thank you folks And if it weren't for the microphones and the lights and the teams behind all of that We wouldn't be here. So thank you to our facilities operations team Way in the back room in the nickelson room back there. Thank you. All right And our sedexo team. Thank you very much for the catering And then a very special thank you to our human resources team the entire team and specifically the employee recognition team of laura croppley and sarah quincey. Thank you Before I say this concludes our event Please take advantage of behind behind dr. Kelly and gale mariano on the back We've got some snacks and refreshments and please take a look at the gold star board There are gold stars for some of you if it's yours, please take it But read them. Thanks for all that you do. Thanks for being here and that concludes our ceremony


Fiery horse with a speed of light, the cloud of dust, and a hardy high old silver, the Lone Ranger. The ruling of the first transcontinental railroad was one of the most important steps toward the winning of the West. The railroad was of prime importance to the future of the country. But powerful forces, cattlemen, stagecoach lines, and steamship companies opposed it. Outlaw opposition sprang up, and the Lone Ranger was commissioned by the president to lead the fight against the enemies of progress. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse, Silver. The Lone Ranger rides again. Come on, Silver, we're heading for bright rainbow. There's trouble in the past. Well, Silver! A locomotive pulling three wooden coaches puffed around a curve west of the Platte River. Two miles ahead, just around another curve, waited a group of hard-eyed outlaws. They wore six guns frapped low, and across the saddles of their mounts, each of them had a carbine. The leader at the edge of the concealing tree is turned in his saddle. Here she comes. I lose them rocks, Santos. One momento, señor. What are you waiting for? Get them rolling. He's very heavy, señor. I cannot hold it. Hinder, Whitman, hop your horses. Give my hand in front of her. Unless we block that track with the rocks, the train won't stop. We try to lose these big ones. He'll fall right in the middle of the track. Heave! Heave! Again, senors. This time it quiver. Heave! Yeah. There she comes. Drop that crowbar on your horses. One of the train stops, we close in, and use your guns. Did the rock slide? Use your brakes. Great jumping cactus needles. Blow the whistle, George. Let the conductor know he's got to swing the handbrake. One more trouble on this here track. We'll have to rust out the passengers and clear off them rocks. I sure hope they didn't bend the rails. Give me a button funder. Let's lose, George. Strag your guns. We're ready. Now close your mouth. Come against that seat and keep your hands pointed right at the sky. Senors, Whitman. Yes, senors. I reckon the pay cash in the first car bank.  You can't do that. The railroads got sold. I told you to stand still, Savvy. Sure. Get going, Senors. Yes, senors. The first car back on that. Whitman, you come with me, eh? The game to the rest of you fellas, you stand back from trains, Savvy.  Here, Whitman, pop your horse. Jump right in the car, yes? I'm leeches. Whitman, he talked too much. You lying floors, senor. Now we take railroad pay cash, eh? You tell the Colonel Parkman that Iron Spore takes his money, Savvy. You not forget. Tell him the bad man who had the Iron Spore do this, eh? Look there, in the river. Do you see your tunnel? Huh? I'm not sure, Miss Barkley. Not much light from the moon, but we were in a meter here. Give us honey. Yes, that's Miss Barkley. Come on. Hi! Oh, so it's got to be. What is it, Miss Barkley? We were watching the end of track from the hills this afternoon. I don't saw your signal. I wasn't sure you noticed the three flags I strung up above Colonel Parkman's office. We see him. That's why we come here. Is it trouble at the end of track, Miss Barkley? No, it's worse than that. The train carrying the pay cash was held up. The train held up? Yes, outlaws on horses. 25 miles east of end of track. But Tonto not savvy. The train go plenty fast. How outlawed... I could have blocked the track with fallen trees or rocks, Tonto. That would make the train stuff. It was rocks across the rails, Mask Man. Anyone hurt? The pay master was wounded. He said the outlaws who shot him and stole the pay cash were men of the Iron Spur. He must have been. No need to be surprised, Tonto. The Iron Spurs will organize. They're behind almost every attack on the railroad. The outlaws left an Iron Spur in the cab of the engine. But there's one strange thing. Colonel Parkman was wondering how... How the outlaws knew the pay cash would be on that train? Well, yes. How did you know? I guess, Miss Barkley. The railroad wouldn't announce anything like this. The Iron Spur had positive information. Who do they get it from? Not bad. Men work for railroad, huh? Couldn't be anyone outside of the railroad. Not many people would be in a position to know about that pay cash. That doesn't the railroad know that. Uh, Kimitabi, what happened? Miss Barkley! Miss Barkley! Who's that, Miss Barkley? Sounds like Josh Bradley. He must have seen me riding out from the railroad along the river. That train is over here. Miss Barkley, where are you? Josh, over here! Uh, over there! What's wrong? What's the trouble? Yes, Dave, Dave Clark. I never figured he'd be in cooks for them when they were outlaws. The eight o'clock? What outlaws? Who are the Iron Spur? Who else? Miss Barkley, he told them that the train was carrying the pay cash. Oh, you must be mistaken. Miss has taken nothing. Whose embrace knocked me kicking, didn't they? They wanted to pay a master and it doesn't others, didn't they? And they didn't do a blame thing to Dave. Just had him stand there with a gun on him. Well, yes, but that might not mean a thing. Very, very good, ma'am. But how about this? The marshal at the end of the track found some of that cash in Dave's possession. What? Yep, in his room. Then Dave is locked up? No, ma'am, it's even worse. He's scheduled. He's gone? Gone without a trace. He was seen riding east out of town moving his horse with a whip and spur. The marshal tried to locate his trail, but he covered up by the slick. There ain't a bit of doubt about it. Dave was in with a mouthful of sure shooting. Well, anyhow, Colonel Parkman told me to get you proud of her. He's got the range to get some more cash out to pay the men. You knew I was coming this way? Well, I just took a chance. Somebody's seen you heading along the river. Well, come on. You go ahead, Josh. I'll catch you. Good to hurry. Now you go ahead. I'll be right along.  All yours. Get it back. Dave, I can't believe it. Looks bad for you, Miss Parkman. Oh, are you hurt? Ah, we hear him. It seems so positive. Money in his room, his leaving town so suddenly. And yet... Dave Clark. You'll hear from us later. Uh, what are you going to do? We're going to find him, Miss Parkly. But the marshal lost the trail. Maybe marshal not good and find the trail mark. Donald can follow any trail that was ever made. If Dave Clark is innocent, we'll prove it. And... and if he's guilty? Then we'll prove that, too. Come on, Donald.  Come on, silver! What's eating you, Santos? It's the middle of the night. Sir, please. Not so much the noise. Huh? Someone approached the coven, sir. You get guns. I'm wearing my sticks, kid. Oh, so. This way. Who is it? King Sabi. With me, he's here. I don't approach. He come tell me. Huh? One man? He get off horse in his spring. Come this way on foot. Oh, listen, sir. Listen. Heading this way. I'll handle this, Santos, sir. I know there are moments, senor. Kino, mister, don't move. What the... Well, if it ain't Dave Clark. Howdy, Clark. Glad you dropped around. Yeah, we, uh, been kind of expecting you. Little bit of steady, boy. Tonto, easy, boy. Hi! Hi, Kimo Sabi. Any news?  Three lead to Cabin, outlaw Cabin. Yarnspur? Uh, maybe 10, 12 men. Tonto watch from Ridge. They have horses? Uh, Corell with horses near Cabin. Was there any sign of Clark? Uh, Tonto see him, but... Well, uh, what's the matter, Tonto? Sound disappointed. Clark, him there. Only it looked like him croaked like others. Maybe railroad man right, huh? You mean he isn't tied up? Tonto see him go by window three times. Him not tied. Him, Mayan, spur out what just like rest. I see. All right, Tonto. We'll get him tonight. There's guns in his chest. Maybe I can break it open. With a gun, I could stand off those arms when they come back. Maybe even... That did it. Broke the lock. Yeah. Guns and bullets. Well, now I'm ready for him. Just let him come in and out. Hello, Clark. What's in thunder? A mask, man.  I'm on speak up. I want the iron spur and you know where they headed. Ten horses gone from Corral. You know Dorgon well where they're headed. They're going to rob the railroad again. Oh, they are? Yeah. There's another payroll for the men. Those armies found out about that one and same as they did the last.  Me?  We're not bad men. Clark, Miss Barkley sent us on your trail. She thinks you're innocent. Miss Barkley? Say, who are you, Armory's? Perhaps this will tell you. A silver bullet? You're the... Ah, him Lone Ranger. The Lone Ranger? Mister, you're just a gen I've been praying for. At least Skunks have got to be stopped. Clark, you talk big for a man who's suspected of being an outlaw himself. Me? An outlaw? The money was found in your room at the end of track. You left in a hurry. Well, sure. To Corral, the Armors who put the cash there. Only they got me. Oh, that plenty strange. If you not outlaw, why they not tie you up, huh? I didn't have to, Injun. Take a look at this. Why, you're chained. You're both ankles. Can't move fast in a hop toad. I can't straddle a horse. So that's it. Can you get them off for me, mister? I took the key. Yeah, Chiswick's right-hand man. An Armory named Santos. We get filed maybe with... That takes time. Clark, you say those outlaws are going after another payroll? Yeah, left a couple of hours ago. Is this new payroll going by train? No, sir. Josh Bradley and Chad Elkins are bringing it in from Fort Carney by pack mule. Colonel Parkman figures he'll fool the iron spur that way. Only instead of fooling them... Where do they learn about it? Oh, gone if I savvy that, mister. You not tell them? Not on your life, Injun. I wouldn't let go a secret like that no matter what. When did they plan to attack the pack train? Day after tomorrow. Just at sundown. At the west end of the bright rainbow path. Sundown, huh? Two days. That plenty time to get soldiers, Kimusabi. Yes, we can make it. But first, we'll get these chains off Clark. He can go with us. Sure thing, mister. Only I wish we had the skunk around who's got the key. What in places? Hello. No, senors.  Santos got two guns in two hands. First time, Santos fire overhead. But you make one move, Santos he pulls three good plenty quicks, huh? He's a plenty good thing I come back, yes?  The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Continue our story. When the Lone Ranger and Tonto trailed Dave Clark to a cabin in the hills and found him a prisoner of the iron spur, Santos, one of the outlaws, surprised them by returning as they were about to remove the chains from Clark's ankles. It is very funny. Senor Chiswick sent me back to get more guns. It is a pleasant surprise to find a masked man in the Indian also. Step aside, Clark. No, you'll not move. You be careful. You must be Santos.  If you think you make a play with the guns, there's great mistakes, senor.  He's not local. I already have the guns in my hands. There is no one can draw and shoot before I even pull the trigger, yes? Mister, it's taken an awful chance to try that.  These hombres, it's surprising. Silver bullet on floor. This one, then, he's the lone ranger. All right, Santos, you're asking me what? What in places? I wouldn't try nothing, master, ma'am. He must have made the gun from both windows. Oh, you've got his quip, so, eh, Santos? Eh, eh, eh, see? See, perhaps it's a very good thing for me I'm not coming alone, yes?  Why, not that crazy, Santos? Not when you've got gun barrels aimed at us from three sides. Oh, you unbuckle going belt. Throw him on floor.  Go ahead, Donald. Oh, but me? Do as he says. Ah. There you are. Now what? Ah. Bueno, señor. Where's Mendollen? We put Shane on his own race. Same as with Clark. We locked him in a room. She's, we could come back after getting fake. Ah, she'd be plenty glad to see lone ranger, eh? When she's, we come back. We take off mask, yes? Yeah. Yeah. Look at him. I can see him clear through the window, sitting around that campfire laughing about us. Here we sit chained up. Dave, come here. Huh? Last friend wants you. Come. Well, these dog-gone chains are worse than a pair of railroad ties fastened to my ankles. What do you want, Masked Man? I want you in tunnel, twist these guns in opposite directions. Guns? I don't sadly want you. There were guns in that chest, Dave, and it was them earlier when Santos held his six shooters on us. So I didn't try anything then. I don't follow you. I put these two gun barrels through links in the chain. I twisted the links, we'll snap. Well, I'll be jiggered. You take gun, twist to right. Kino, you all braced, mister? Yes. Go ahead. Stain my twist against your ankles. No, go ahead. The gun barrels are set only two links apart. I'll snap before there's much strain on my ankles. Go ahead. Now!  Me push! I'm leaning on the gun barrel for all I can. Mister, it worked. The chain broke. Quiet, Dave. Well, that good. They not hear us. What we do now, Kimosabi? Yeah, mister, your chain's broken half, but you still got the jies on your ankles. And me and Tonto are still chained up. Yes, Dave, but I can get to the window later on when they're asleep. Remember, Santos has the key to these chains in his pocket. I mustn't wake him up. If I do, he might... What the... Don't make a sound, Santos. The most company. This is your gun pointing right at you. Not a sound, Santos. Where is that key? You hear something? Uh, somebody walked this way. Is it the Lone Ranger? He can't see. Yeah, that dog-going campfire has died down. If it was the Masked Man, that's fire. But if it ain't... Somebody come now. Who is it? Take it easy, Dave. The Masked Man. You've done it. Santos woke up. I had to tie and gag him. You get keys to chain? In my hand. Stand still, Tonto. You're free. Not Dave. Where are the horses, mister? Just outside that door. Now hurry. We'll have to get out of here. Keep carry. How can they get keys? They're coming after us. We haven't got any guns. That's where you're wrong, Dave.  They're hanging across the cellar of our horses. Follow me. We've got to get away. It's silver. Steady, boy. It counts. Here it counts. All right. Head for the end of track. As they go, shoot! Shoot! Get up, boy! Get him on! Wait, McDonald. Quick, settle the horses. We must try to tell Cheese Week. He must attack the mule train before sundown. The Masked Man will warn the railroad. Hurry! Get the horses! I had to come. That's Miss Barclay and these innocent. He was trying to capture the men who held up the train, not running away. But where is he? We were captured by the Iron Spur. Not even Clark and I. And you got away. We all got away. Then where is Dave and Tano? They're not with me. I told them to quarter over toward Rainbow Pass to join Shad Elkins and Josh Bradley with the pack mules. Silver was faster, so I came here first. The pack mules? You mean... Yes. I know the pack train is on the way with another payroll for the railroad. The Iron Spur knows it too. They plan to ambush the pack train at the west end of Rainbow Pass. Are there any soldiers here? Oh, yes. There's a detachment of cavalry. There's a right back with me. At first I have something to do. Where's the pay master, Miss Barclay? The pay master? What? He's in there. Come along with me. I'm going to see him at just time before dawn. I want you to listen outside the door. Listen outside the door? What? I don't understand. Come along and you will. Wait here, Silver. You haven't even dawned yet. Come in. What?  That's allowed. You know who sent me?   Look at this in the palm of my hand. An Iron Spur. You recognize it? Sure. But what's wrong? I gave Sanders the information about the pack mills. Isn't Chiswick ready to get the new payroll? Yes, he's already. I wanted to find out how your arm was. My arm? You were wounded on the train, weren't you? Oh, that. I have to tell you nothing but a scratch. I've been acting like it was much worse. But you tell Chiswick I expect some extra cash. Boys wasn't supposed to shoot me. They were just supposed to make it look good. I think you've said enough, Miss Barclay. What the? What's on there? I've heard every word. So you're the one who told the Iron Spur about the pay cash. Who is this masked hombre? He's the lone ranger, Murdock. The lone ranger? And I thought he was... You thought I was a member of your outlaw gang.  Miss Barclay, where can I get that detachment of cavalry? We'll have to ride hard and fast. You'll never make it. You got me, but you'll never save the pack train. Chiswick is waiting for him at Rainbow Pass right now.  Never. We'll see about that. You'll have company in jail, Murdock. Now, where are those soldiers, Miss Barclay? Those are pranks there. Keep up with this. Hold up! Right now! Two hours past sunrise, Captain. Aren't your men going any faster? Not fast enough, your horse, Mr. Then there's only one thing to do. Yes? The outlaws had planned to attack at sundown. Now they've been warned. I think they'll attack further up the path. Hey, Rick and so... Silver and I'll go ahead and meet the pack train as fast as we can. We'll be able to hold them off for a little while. As soon as your detachment reaches the pass, spread out in skirmish formation. Keep advancing and listen to the sound of gunfire. Let me see how you should lock them silver! What time you reckon it is, Tando? Oh, sun plenty high. Middle of day, maybe. I don't see any sign of the mask man. Him right hand the track. Deep long way back here. I don't see any sign of the Iron Spur. I'm sure glad we got here to the pack train. Josh and Shatter ride in rear guard, but still... Ah, many trees and rainbow paths. Hard to see what's behind trees. Yeah, might be an outlaw behind every tree trunk. I sure wish that... Oh, Silver! Tando, Tando, I got my wish as the lone ranger. Steady, steady, Silver. I came as fast as Silver could carry me, Tando. The soldiers are on their way. There's no sign of the Iron Spur. No. We've been watching every minute, mister. So far, so good. How far off are them soldiers? Hard to tell, Dave. They couldn't cover ground the way Silver can. Santos must have worn Chiswick of our escape, so they're waiting for sundown. He may attack sooner. That's right. Santos, tell him we know about ambush, huh? Yes. Still beats me how they knew in the first place. I could get my hands on the army who's been tipping off those outlaws about when the pay cash is being sent. Thank you, mother, Dave. They're already in jail. They'll pay master himself. You mean Murdoch? Yes. Well, don't go. Keep it to me. Look there. The Iron Spur. There are both sides of us. Commander! Never, Santos! What do we do? We're going to fight as long as we've got a bullet left. Listen to me. Elkins, Josh, come and run it. The vast bands give us the orders. Bring the packed fields into a circle. Bring them around fast. They'll attack us from all sides. We've got to hold them off. That's right. Here they come.  Once more they have beaten us off, senor. They can't hold out. There's only five of them and we've got more than 20. Load up your guns again. This time we ain't stopping till we write them down. See, senor, only this mask don't break. He's human, ain't he? I reckon a bullet can stop him as quick as it stops anybody else. Now, savvy this. I want every man to aim at the mask, man. Forget about the others. Aim at him. Start shooting as soon as you get in range. That's plenty of good ideas, senor. Can you? It better be. Everybody sets out. And ride. Shoot when I give the word. Fire! Aim straight for them, isn't it? What's under? Senor! Soldados! Soldiers! They're trapped! They're all around us. You got here just in time, captain. I reckon the mask man was right when he said this gang would land in jail. Yes, yes, you are, my senors. But only because of the mask, man. I want to think. Well, he's gone. Sure he's gone. Him and Tano left as soon as the battle was over. And get this, sandals. There may be a lot more armies just like you who call themselves the Iron Spur. But by the time the Lone Ranger gets through with them, they'll be hanging from the end of a rope. Yes, sir. Takes more than your kind to beat the Lone Ranger. You have just heard as a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.