49 okay cool so next up so thank you everyone thank you for being here so I'm Daddy the new chief I'm a research fellow here in Brussels so actually I didn't work a lot to arrive here but I work in the sister University of well be so I work in the Frey University of Brussels if you've been in Brussels for a couple of days you know some stories about Brussels so I've never been in Solbosh so today I'm going to talk with you about mining source code about mining idiom usages and edits actually I will show you that these different aspects in reality have a lot in common and I will try to show you the limitation that we have in applying this kind of techniques but also the novelty of applying this kind of techniques and the advantages that we could have in a few years of research so actually I'm a Sunday researcher in Europe so I moved a bit during my life I'm not Belgian I'm Italian I'm an Italian from the South but then during the last years I was in I worked in death and after a while I moved to Brussels so today I'm going to talk with you about mining software repositories we could think about that a software repository is just a git repository or maybe an issue tracker but actually when we talk about software repositories we talk about not only versioning systems and issue tracker but also about marketplaces or about communication in which in which you developers you store all your information so actually what we would like to do is to gather this information to mine these repositories just to extract this data and to create a common history for a software project so after having all this information what we can do is that we can for example apply machine learning techniques and today you are a lot about this but why we need this because actually if you think about you are providing a lot of data to public repositories but there's something that these repositories can do for you and actually this is what we are trying to do so actually we are trying to get all your information but just to help you so to provide you some information that you can use so that you can reduce the time that you spend coding your projects actually because no one likes to debug the silly mistakes so last year in Brussels we started a collaboration with a company that is called Rincut and is based in Brussels so the goal actually Rincut is a company that is working on compilers so they are very good in modernized software languages and maybe it seems to be a bit strange but even if today we have really modern languages we have really a lot of code that actually is still in legacy code so actually we are trying to help Rincut people to modernize languages because actually this is an important market there is a growing needed to have this kind of techniques but one of the problem is that today what Rincut the people are doing is pretty much manually so they are doing everything manually without any IDE or any to support and for example just to understand the complexity of what they are doing in some cases they are trying to replicate the behavior of a compiler without running the compiler so you have some code you try to understand how this works this code really works and we are talking about cobalt or something that is stranger than cobalt and then you have to to modernize this code to something that you can run on Azure or on your cloud or something like this I'm talking about Azure because Rincut works with Microsoft so goal of this project is actually to automate the migration that requires pattern discovery but for doing this we actually we have we are trying to mine three different use cases for three different objectives so going in details I will show you that actually mining codidiums or mining library usages or mining systematic edits now I will tell you what I'm talking about is not very different but why we are trying to do this so first of all we would like to comprehend these these programs because the first issue that you have when you work with the legacy code is just to understand what the code is doing then what we would like to do is to do some anomaly detection so actually if you have a large code base maybe starting from a new piece of code you can understand if you are adding you are making a mistake but what is very our final goal is to build a full modernization assistance that actually is able to tell you which mistakes you are making and to to create a better languages a better language without a lot of effort so to transpose your code from a language to another so our approach is actually divided in three different steps the first step is actually only to import the code because our idea is that these assistance assistance should be language parameter so parametric so what we would like to do is to have a common framework that is able to work with the different languages not only cobalt not only Java not only Python but to have a common framework for doing this we need a meta model actually this meta model should be able to gather the information and to provide them with this information to our algorithms our pattern mining algorithms but first of all we have to work on importing this data to import this data actually and at this point of our project we have different importers for example we are able to import Java code from open source projects but we are also able to import legacies legacy systems for example we are able to import cobalt code the second step after having these this common meta model is to run our pattern mining algorithm how I will show you briefly in theory it seems that everything is easy that we have everything that is needed to deal with this kind of issue but in practice I will show you that is not so easy and maybe we have to work several years on this then the third part is actually to provide the patterns that we were able to mine to developers so that developers can really understand if there are some common usages for a library or whether there are some syntactic items or for example whether some commits are repetitive so first of all I will just provide you some information about idioms actually this morning Miltos was talking about idioms an idiom is just a syntactic fragment that recourse across software projects and the serves a single semantic purpose actually this definition is a bit bug because it's a bit hard to understand what is really an idiom but let's let's try to just find a simple example so in this case we have three different piece of code you see that in all this piece of code you have a try then you have a condition and in this condition you are invoking the the method move to first then you have a body which we are doing something and then finally you have the you have the finally for the exception and then you close this this object so as you can see in the end this three piece of code they are doing actually the same so and you can generalize this three piece of code with this idiom and maybe when you have to modernize and to move from a version of your system to another you can use this kind of information now the problem is that actually we are talking about only three pieces of code and actually it's pretty straightforward to understand that these three pieces of code are something in common but when we talk about ecosystems or when we talk about huge software repositories then we found out that it's not so easy and of course a developer could not do something like this so the idea if we would like to apply a really theoretical approach it's just to run a frequent item set algorithm so in theory this problem is not very hard to solve because what we can do is that from a piece of code we just create a representation with that tree because based on the code you can just create an abstract industry and then you can run your algorithm maybe without any problem but in practice when you run it you discover that most of the idioms that you find out in the end are not so interesting in the end they are boring and we boring we mean that okay if I if I tell you that given a Java class a Java class is composed by attributes and methods then you say that okay this is not so interesting it's it's not something that is new we know about it but the problem is that actually it's it's led to have a trade-off I mean from my point of view you would like to discover very particular very tricky idioms but from the other point of view you have that after a while your your search just explode so in the end you are not able to gather patterns and most of the cases you have only auto memory issues so it's you cannot really do anything so what we are trying to do it's to explore novel pattern mining algorithm for source code and then we are going to incorporate this this this information in our tool so actually there are various application that you can use for mining when you mine code idioms first of all you could discover new synthetic pattern then you could discover but a code that is deviated from from a pattern and then you can you propose new actions to developers so this is the overview our framework so as I was telling you telling you in the general view we have a source code importer that is able to gather this information in a common representation then we have some mining preprocessors that helps us to clean up the representations and then we have the pattern mining miner actually it's important to say that now we are running a pretty simple algorithm that is frequently mining but we are trying to to explore all the possibilities that you have with this kind of algorithm so in the end using the algorithm per se is not very hard but adapt this kind of algorithm to our to our case study is not so easy also because we have to remember that it's true that we are talking about at least now for the first year of our project we are talking about Java projects but in theory we would like to apply this knowledge to all the languages so it's one of the problems that after that you set up your algorithm maybe your algorithm will work just for your case study a really small case study I will not generalize it all so after having our pattern miner and actually we are exploring different kinds of algorithms the second step the first step is the pattern matcher so after mining a lot of a lot of patterns what you can do is that to apply your matcher to discover if in another piece of code you have these patterns and only after these you can provide this information to the developers so that actually developers the developers will will able to to improve their code base so the first problem of this kind of this kind of application is that is highly time consuming and tweak in the algorithm is not so easy a really something that is maybe in some cases very people don't consider about much learning is that really every every small detail matter and changing a bit to the configuration means that in the end you are going to spend a lot of execution time and maybe after spending all this time there is such that you will have are not not very useful so the another problem that you have is that in some cases we are able to generate really a large amount a large amount of patterns as well as redundant patterns some patterns are more related to the grammar of the language and not about the use of your of the language so what we are trying to do is that to solve these issues we are trying to put some constraints that help to reduce the search space actually the search space in our case is very very large but we are trying to fix this kind of issues another problem is that the setting constraints is that setting the constraints is not so straightforward I mean really every details matter and setting this but this details is not so easy another issue the last one is that evaluating maybe is the most important issues that evaluating the patterns is not easy at all I mean one of the issues that we have we had in the first year is that we were able to mine patterns but in the end even saying what is boring and what is interesting is not so easy so it means that maybe after hours of computation we are going to have a lot of patterns but you don't know whether they are useful or not and if you don't know this it means that you are not able to tweak your algorithm so in summary we developed a language parametric framework to mine co-digiums now we are running this kind of algorithm and we are doing some work in progress to reduce the search space applying heuristics and constraints and we are trying to understand the real value of idioms to improve the mining mining process the second part of my presentation is about mining usages now you know the difference between libraries and frameworks so libraries are different by frameworks because if you would like to use a library you just need to execute to understand the API and to use the APIs while if you would like to use a framework actually what you have to do is that you have to implement or to extend some parts of the of the framework now one of the issues that you have today with framework is that from the point of view of the developer actually you don't know how actually you don't know how to use a framework and how to correctly extend a framework given a functionality so actually what you do today is that you just take your framework and you start analyzing the different way in which this framework could fit your your test study so first of all from the developer point of view we would like to understand how you should extend a given framework but also another problem that you have in this case when you try to mine mining libraries is that from the maintainer of the framework point of view actually the the maintainer doesn't know anything about how people are using its life is library so in the end it's possible that if you are a maintainer a library and you would like to remove a functionality that maybe no one is using in the end you you don't know this I mean you based on comments or based on what is your opinion you are going to add or remove APIs but in the end that you don't know if if really you are me you are what what will be the the impact of your change so when you would like to extend a framework what you have and this is a definition that is from a from a paper of a few years ago is that you have an extension point that is the part that you like you should extend and then you have a usage that actually define how you are going to to extend your your framework but there are different kind of extension point for example a really simple extension point is the one which actually in your codebase you're just using a method this is the easiest thing and actually if you think about this use extending a framework in this way is not very different to use a library the second thing that you will do is that you not only use a method but you also customize this method before using it the third way is that you actually extend a class providing new functionalities now if you have a look to this this picture this is another work with that we and another part of Intimalson which we are working on and then it seems that the framework is different to be with respect to the previous version that I show you but if you think about it it's not very different because in every case we need an importer and then we need a miner and then we need a matcher and then afterwards we need a visualization tool so this for telling you that in the end when you try to mine different different aspects of the source code in most of the cases there are not so many difference at least from a really high point of view now we performed a case study in which we developed an importer for Scala so first of all we are able to mine the source code we are able to tag each part of the source code and based on this tagging what we are able is that first of all we are able to extract all the data that we need so we are going we we clone the projects then we compile the projects we do type resolution and just after these we are able to understand which are the extension points after this part we now run our miner with respect to the previous approach in this case we run a sub graph mining algorithm that is a priory and then we visualize the data but what is important is that also in this case we tried to evaluate our approach mining several projects from Scala we mined five different frameworks so Sparka, Kamokito, Adup and play and actually we saw something that is a was pretty much interesting first of all we saw that mining this kind of patterns is not very hard but also the accuracy of these patterns in the end is very high I mean most of the cases we had that the accuracy was about 90 something percent but one thing that for example we are not expecting is that in most of the cases to extend a given class you don't have you don't have a lot of extension points so in most of the cases given a class we have at most four extension points and also we discovered that applying our miner very most of the patterns that we were able to find were pretty much simple so from this point of view you can understand that as I told you before you have a trade off the trade off is that on the one end you have that your your extension your patterns could be simple on the other end you have the accuracy so the higher the accuracy the simpler the patterns but is also this means that what we have to do in the future is that we have to try to gather most some patterns that are more complicated this means that maybe our accuracy will will start failing but it's also true that as a developer you care about complex patterns because if you are going to use a library you don't need you don't need this kind of technology if you're the extension is easy last I will talk to you about mining edits so until this point until this point we'll talk about the snapshots so you have your snapshot you analyze your snapshot from your snapshot you analyze I mean you analyze your snapshot from a syntactic point of view or from the point of view of a given library or a given framework now when we talk about systematic edits we are talking about comments so what we would like to do is that we will let's consider a repository and in this repository we have these changes and then these changes and then these changes so we have three instances of a change but in the end we have only one systematic edit so actually it could be interesting to know about these changes because what we will do is that we would if we have a new change and the this change is different with respect to the systematic changes it's it's more it's probable that actually we are going toward a bug so systematic edits can be tedious and of course they are manually mining this data is very hard because you can just add errors now what we did is that we proposed a tool that actually based on a software project in Java is able to mine all the story of a project and is able to it represents the source code changes as ST nodes and is able to apply a frequent item set mining that is a bit different with respect to the first that I show you in the previous slides now the application are similar to the one that I show you before so first of all you like to detect error from code then you would like to assist developers and the best thing will be to generate automatically some transformation based on existing instances so in this case the approach is a bit different because we don't start from a snapshot but we start from a git repository with different code revisions and then we apply a change distiller so we are able to gather all the edit scripts then what we do is that first of all we group these edit scripts then we apply an equivalence gravity criteria and all in the end we apply our frequent item set mining algorithm now let's consider an example because it's much easier to understand let's consider that we have this commit so in this commit we have a we are adding two lines of code actually these two lines of code are more or less the same there's only a really small change now so what we are doing first of all we are inserting an if statement then we are inserting a method invocation afterwards we are adding this expression and then we are computing the equals on the on the argument to the TCP afterwards we are returning we are returning an integer now we can say that we have two different groups of changes this one and this other one but in the end these two groups are doing the same now what is the grouping criteria first of all what we are going to do is to group the changes into transaction actually what we do is that we can we group the changes based on the method on which they are so we are going to have these two groups of course there are some limitations in this approach because our approach could be a bit naive in some cases for example because we are excluding changes that occur across the across methods across different methods the second thing is to understand given two different group of changes is to understand if they are the same otherwise we cannot compute the ad script now the change equivalence criteria is based on the change type the subject and the context the change type is pretty much easy to understand because for example in the case before we are adding a lines of code so in the end this is an insert so given this this this edit in the end we know that this is the subject and actually what we do is that we anonymize the identifiers just because otherwise it's it's hard to gather together the patterns and then finally we define the context but the context if you think about is just the place in which the subject occur so given these two group of changes we transform the the edits in this kind of representation what we did the moment okay so what we did is that we evaluate the correctness of the tool and actually we applied it to our code base of our company that is in Belgium we mine different repositories from Android projects actually and it's important to say that for really understand if our ad scripts were correct or not we had to manually evaluate the scripts and as I told you before this something that you always have to do I mean one of the problem in doing the research in academia is actually sometimes we don't have real developers and so it's it's a bit tricky but in the end we we try to be developers so what we we say the for we understand from this study is that first of all in most of the cases you have that the majority of systematic edits have a few instances so in the end you see that and that is one of the problems of applying our mining algorithm user having a few instances it means that you have to you have to to spend more computational effort then another problem because you you cannot cut the search then another problem is that in most of the cases you see that on average three or four ST level changes this regards the number of instances so that you have that larger instance size can occur with the small number of instances so in summary we are we have a technique that is able to identify systematic edits we in most of the cases we see that in 12.5 percent of commits they contain systematic edits and mostly of these instances are pretty pretty much small and but they can have a large size as a future work we are trying to explore the different configuration and we are trying to mine for the specific type or systematic edits and also we are trying to mine across commits because one of the problem that we have today is that we mine a single commit per time so if we have changes that are across commits we are not able to to mine this kind of information thank you yeah the question is that when we were studying systematic edits if we see if people yeah okay so the the question is that if we were able to mine some best practice across the systematic edits actually this is a nice question and actually is what we would like it's the final goal of this kind of study I mean the the final goal is to understand if there are some best practice that you can apply everywhere but what you have to understand is that most of the cases for systematic edits you have a really small number of instances it means that if you mine a software repository and you have for example for a systematic editor you have three instances for example in this case we saw that for 2500 systematic edits we have only three instances so this cannot be our best practice but one of the problem is that one of the problem applying this kind of technique is scalability because what we were doing is that for each project we are going through the history and we were analyzing all the the history of just one project per time now what do you like you you should do for having an information like that is that you should mine a complete ecosystem so that you should be able to understand whether there are some some best practice that different developers are applying because in our case most of the repositories are I mean most of the people that work on a repository are not a lot I mean in most of the cases you don't have thousands of developers so it's it's really hard to to mine a best practice that you could apply everywhere you find that okay so the okay so the the question is that if we're mining a different different projects we found similar similar idioms actually this is a nice question and it's it depends what it still depends what is an idiom for you because for example I could say that when you one of the example for an idiom is that let's say that you have a project in Java 8 you would like to go in to a new feature that you have in Java 9 that what you can say is that okay I will if I mine the projects that are moving from one version to another I will find this idiom so if you think that that is an idiom then you will find this kind of idiom across projects but there are some idioms that are very peculiar about and they are really about the developers that are implementing the the project so in these cases you will not find them I don't know I don't know how I want to eat I can't imagine you want some I will finish the presentation and I want to take a sound


T. F. N. N. headline news update. Hi everyone, Basel Chapman, host of the Tiger Technicians, now that it comes straight up after this noon time update. So yeah, T. F. N. we're looking at the down 25,953, down 31. See these little candles, four days ago, a little candle makes a recovery high right there, 26,000, that was 241. Following that little doji candle, that looks like a plus sign. Another plus sign yesterday, maybe another plus sign today. I look at this and I'm looking at it as stalling motion. It's almost like a really big doji candle in the end. And we're going to be following this real closely. There's just a really good chance that next week we start to see somewhat lower prices with the high of made four days ago, the high for at least the short term. That's the way I'm looking at it. Magdy has finally just crossed negative first time since January the third when it broke to the upside, sarcastic still good at 86%. Now let's just run these other numbers. The S&P, actually the S&P has just been teared at times stronger than the in the Dow. It is at 2789 down two and a half. Same thing, three little candles after the recovery high at the 28, is that 13? I believe, yeah, 28, 13.49 level four days ago. Watch out because a move in the Dow of 150 points down over the next two days will say, yep, we've set up a short term top, a move of about, I would say 18 points in the S&P says the same thing. Let's just run this quickly before we go to the break. The QQQ is down a little bit. This is holding a little bit better, better green candles, but it's the same thing with the Magdy and sarcastic. The IWM is down 25 cents at 157.07. We're watching these really closely, beginning to run out of upside energy. It doesn't mean say you can have a little spike to the upside, but I think that we're looking at more of the weight to the downside. Let's go to gold. Gold was down when I last looked. It's down four and a half at 1316. Silver's also down, but the dollar is not running commensurate with the pullback, but it is up a little bit, the dollar right now it's a little bit down. It's down three ticks at 96.12. I'll be discussing a couple of things as we go into this next, the next show, that's my show, the tight conditions are. Stay tuned, otherwise I'll see you tomorrow. Basil Chapman signing off. See you in a few minutes.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. Question says, for a given solid the three views are given. Identify for solid the corresponding top, front and side views. Now given solid is a television. Now if you see this television from the top then you are able to see the upper surface of this portion. Now the surface just above the screen is a flat surface which is represented by this rectangle. Similarly upper portion of this slanting curve is represented by this quadrilateral. Similarly top view of this portion is represented by this rectangle. So this figure represents the top view of the given television. Now if you see the television from the front then you are able to see its screen only. So this figure represents the front view of the given television. Clearly you can see screen of the television is visible in this view only. Now side view of the television is identical on both the sides. So side view of the television from this side is same as the side view of the television from this side. Now from this side we are able to see only this portion of the television. Now this portion of the television is visible in this figure. So this figure represents the side view of the given television. Now finally we get first part represents the front view of the television. Second part represents the side view of the given television. And third part represents the top view of the given television. So this is our required answer. This completes the session. Hope you understood the solution. Take care and bye for now.


Welcome to the groundbreaking for the future City Hall, future council chambers for the city of Fort Worth. This truly is a historic day. You know, some would say once in a generation. As many of you know, the previous City Hall, the current City Hall has been home to the city for nearly 50 years. And, you know, one of the things that we wanted to make sure with this project is that we not only plan for the current, but for the next 50 years with this facility. When our team was brought on board by the wonderful City of Fort Worth, one of the things that we sat down with Mayor Price at the time and then, you know, City Manager Cook and shortly thereafter with Mayor Parker, they imparted on us, you know, really a couple goals for this project. But the main goal was to be welcoming, inviting and flexible for the next 50 years. The other thing they wanted to make sure is that this future City Hall could be home and accessible to all members of the Fort Worth community. And so, you'll see kind of throughout the designs, see that a number of things we put together is targeted at being as welcoming and accessible to everyone in the community as possible. You know, there's been a number of people that have helped this project come together. We have wonderful partners at the Lindbeck Group who've done so much to help make this day happen. The Boca Pal and Brinkley-Sargett-Wiginton team that our architect team has been incredible throughout this project. There are quite literally a million sub-consultants that have helped with everything as you can imagine from interiors, exteriors, security, technology, wayfinding and beyond. I'd also like to thank the City of Fort Worth and all the incredible people that have helped to date. There's been so, so many people that have helped throughout the city. This project quite literally encompasses every department in the city. And so every department has had, you know, a really wonderful part in this journey. There's also been so many wonderful people in the community that have helped throughout this project. And when we first started, we went to the folks at Downtown Fort Worth Inc. We went to a number of the Chambers of Commerce, a number of the groups within the city, and asked them simply, what do you want in this future building? And we got so many wonderful pieces of feedback back from the teams. You know, really wanting to be focusing on equity, on availability and overall accessibility to the tower. You know, I'd also like to really thank the group from I'm Home Coffee for coming out this morning. I know it's early, I appreciate everyone being here, but I think they've done a wonderful job.  I also really want to give a shout out to our library staff at City of Fort Worth. All of the wonderful hard hats you see on both sides here was coordinated by the library. They're all decorated from each of the 17 libraries within the City of Fort Worth. And all of the designs on the helmets came from kids at those libraries. So, you know, after the ceremony, I'd love for you to walk up and check them out. But there is, you know, the sheets that were sent in by the kids with the designs and then completed by the library. All of the music that you've heard here this morning is also from the Amplify 817 playlist that the library has coordinated. So I hope the message you're hearing today is this is very much a Fort Worth-centric event from top to bottom. Everything that's happened, you know, to bring this all together. So I don't want to make this a very long component. I want to make sure we get through this today. We have some really exciting things inside and we have the wonderful helmets we want to get to the groundbreaking. But I mostly want to thank all of you for being here today because that means that what we're doing on this project is resonating with the community. And that this will be the future home of not only the staff of the city of Fort Worth, but all of you that are here today. So with that, I'm going to turn it over to city manager David Cook to give a few remarks about the project. Thank you, Tanya. I think I got to make some comments when we had some type of ceremony. Remember inside and I got to share with you that sometimes you just get lucky. And so I don't want to take away from all the planning or any of that. But I'll just say, so you plan a day where you're going to have a big groundbreaking and you can't tell what the weather is going to be like on the day that you plan. Right? Think about it. Sometimes you just get lucky. And it's a beautiful day. It's great to see everybody here. Tanya mentioned that we set out some goals right at the beginning and they were and he's consistently applied them. But I did want to share them with you and share this story. So I left old city hall. So we now can say the old city hall. This is new city hall. Everybody remembers old city hall. Right? Yeah. Couple stories. Bunker look. You got it. There is a plaque on the northeast side of that building. Big metal plaque that's got two dates on it. Everybody remember those? They're years. One says 1969 and the other says 1971. I'm assuming that was groundbreaking and ribbon cutting. I'm guessing. But if you do the math, that's over 50 years ago. Right? So you don't get to do these events very often.  Here we are today in 2022. This is a multi-generational type of event and decision and planning that goes into this. And we are thinking about the next 50 years and how the city will change over that period of time. So one of the goals as we embark on new city hall and what we'll be talking about today is thinking about 50 years into the future. Another goal was thinking about that it's going to be about the future is a transformational change in how we deliver city services. So just think about that. We don't deliver services today in 2022 like we did back in 1971. Well, I hope so. But I'm just thinking about that, right? It's going to change. And so we have to change along with that. Another goal was to be sustainable and cost efficient. And so I think Tanyin's holding us to that is we plan space, talk about how we want to use space in the future. And part of that is to be efficient, equitable, and flexible in the work spaces. The way we work today, the way you look at how business operates today, it's not the same as it was in the 60s and 70s where everybody had their own private office, right? It's very different. A goal that we keep repeating to Tanyin is we're going to maintain the class A look and feel. This is a class A office building. It's going to remain a class A building for services to our residents, our citizens, taxpayers. And finally, the fifth goal was to make sure that it's inclusive and engaging in open public spaces. And so those were the goals we set out on. We intend to take those through to the end. And I do want to thank Tanyin before I recognize other folks. He has done a wonderful job shepherding us to this point where we are today. So Tanyin, thank you once again. Now this is the part I'll try to be quick because there's so many people to thank, but I did want to thank, I see former employee Jay Choppa. Jay, stand up. Jay led this effort. Right from the beginning, it was November of 2020, I think, when we had the opportunity to come take a look at it. Another guy I want to recognize is Steve Cook. Where Steve, way in the back, he's over property management. Some of you know that we had another plan to eventually build a new city hall that was going to take multiple years and multiple hundreds of millions of dollars and moving a lot of different pieces. We brought Steve over here in November of 2020 and if you know Steve and you know his demeanor, when I tell you he was giddy, I mean, Steve was giddy about this building and the idea that we could occupy this as the new city hall. So the new Steve is giddy Steve Cook, so. And then I want to recognize Dana, Dana is carrying the ball and there's a big team effort. So everybody who's on Dana's team raise your hand so we can recognize as part of the new city hall planning team. Thanks to all of you for getting us here today. Now I have the pleasure of bringing up Mayor Matty Parker who gets to lead us through today's groundbreaking and soon the ribbon cutting.  Good morning, Fort Worth. I think it's go time, Fort Worth. I like it. So Tanya knows I use that during the campaign slogan, you're a smart man, right? We already thanked you. You've done a tremendous job. I know each of us have gotten to meet with you many times over as well as former elected officials to understand what today really is reflecting. Today is more than a groundbreaking. It's really about the future of our city, the future of Fort Worth and what this city hall really will reflect in our community. If all of you in here today are probably here to celebrate getting out of that other building, frankly. But truthfully, it doesn't reflect who Fort Worth is. It doesn't reflect an open, inclusive, diverse community that is excited about our future. And this building will do just that. First to the city employees that I see here today, many of you have been stuck in the basement for decades doing your job and serving the citizens of Fort Worth. I cannot wait to see your beautiful, well-lit office space that will make you excited to come to work every day and importantly welcome our residents into this building. To the residents of Fort Worth, think about this lobby as your living room.  We'll have beautiful public art. We'll have opportunities to display important facts about Fort Worth like the USS Fort Worth and the memorabilia around that ship and more to come. We want you to feel welcome in this building in a place you actually want to come to. Where we're standing right here will be the new city hall chamber. Very important decisions are made in that hall every single day. But we want it to be a place where you actually want to come. You can see there's windows and lighting around you. It's not so intimidating. You'll feel like you're coming down into a gauntlet. All of those things will be possible in this wonderful new building. And we can't forget about the outdoor space. One thing that makes this facility so special is the proximity to the beautiful Trinity River. And there's been so much thought put into what we all want to see and the connectivity we need to the Trinity River. So in closing again, thank you to everyone that made this possible. To my dear friend Jay and to David Cook and Dana and the entire city management team we've all worked incredibly hard to make today possible. And to the construction crews, I hope each of you get to have a piece of yourself in this building and know how important it is to have everyone involved. This is truly a community venture and there are so many wonderful ideas circulating about what needs to be possible here. We are listening to all of them. On behalf of my friends here on the front row our council members, I know we all share in your excitement about the future of this awesome city and what this building really reflects. And I hope each of you will come visit us here even on the contentious days. But importantly here to have fun and think about the future of Fort Worth, Texas and what this building truly means. Thank you for being here this morning.


a fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust and the heart of Ohio silver, the lone ranger. The great natural resources of the early western United States offered the pioneers a chance at a new life, and the masked writer of the planes believed that every honest man had a right to this chance. He visioned the new country as a land of equal opportunity, and he fought for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness just as fiercely as he fought for law and order. Return with us now to those thrilling days when the west was young. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver. The lone ranger rides again. The lone ranger and his faithful Indian companion Tonto were headed toward Cottonwood. Their destination was not the town itself, but a tiny cottage about a mile from the outskirts. As they drew near, they cut away from the trail and approached the cottage from the rear. That's the widow Ridgely's place, Kimosabi. Uh-huh. Looks as if she hasn't had much luck with her garden this year. Everything seems to be just about burned up. Not bad. Poor woman. She hasn't had an easy time of it. Uh-huh. When her husband died, he left her practically penniless. She was well along in years even then, and in bad health in the bargain. On top of everything, she had too much pride to let people know how poor she was. He almost starved to death before Sam Otis found out about it. Him? Good fellow. A fine man, Tonto. He must have provided for her for five or six years. That's right. He wasn't any too well off himself. If he had been, I'm sure that when he'd died, his will would have made some provision for her. Uh-huh. But he didn't die on the stand. That's why I wanted to see her. Sorry I didn't learn about the situation sooner. What we do? Well, first of all, we'll see how she's making out. Uh-huh. If she's already found help, that'll be fine. But if she hasn't, well, we're going to do something to see that she doesn't suffer from want. Who's that there? Where? There, young fella, round the front. The young woman? Well, talking with Mrs. Ridgely. Tonto, this way. Come on, Silver. Uh-huh. Get him up, Scout. We'll get out of sight. No use alarming them, but the sight of a masked man when there's no need. Yeah, this'll do, Kimus. Pull up. Oh, Silver. Oh, oh, oh. Quiet, Silver. Tonto, those young people were dressed like Easterners. Not right. Wait. What matter? I overheard a bit of their conversation just then, Tonto. It sounded like something we should hear. Move the horses a little closer. The ports will protect us. You're so kind. I wish I knew how to thank you for all you've done, but I reckon it just ain't got the words for it. I declare a most crying. You think I'm awful silly? Mrs. Ridgely, my brother and I think you're one of the bravest women we know. Oh, sure. But will your promise is one thing? After you and your sister bringing me them heapin' baskets of grub and payin' my rent to the bank and everything, young man, you can ask me anything you like. Then do this. Don't tell anyone what we've done. Oh, but Lansay says, Mrs. Ridgely, that means it. There's no need to let it be known. Well, is it anyone's business but our own? If friends help each other out? This isn't charity, you know. You're in trouble and we like you. Maybe someday we'll be in trouble and you can help us. What could a poor body like me do? It isn't what you can do. It's what you would do if you could. Oh, but I think it's a promise. Now mind you don't go back on it. My what can a body do with a pair like you? Well, Dot, we better be getting along. Yes. Mr. Murdock, wait. Yes? I just thought maybe I can help you a little. You won't take offense at anything a poor widow might say, would you? Why, of course not. What is it, Mrs. Ridgely? Well, of course I know you're both from the east and ain't neither one of you been in these parts long, so naturally you wouldn't be so good acquainted with things in the way. I believe I know what you're going to say. People don't like me here.  Oh, but Jane, it's just the things that are much strange to you yet, that's all. I came here and brought Dot because Mr. Thornton promised to make me express agent. Now every time I ask him about it, he puts me off. Half the time when I see him, Job munches along. I think Mr. Thornton's just trying to find a polite way to tell me I'm not the man for the job and he's going to give it to Job instead. Well, if that's the way he wants it, let him. Don't talk that way, Jack. You know what you ought to do, young man? What? The next time Job tries to bully you, you just up and give him the lick and he's been asking for it. I've known Job much since he was knee-high to a toad. He's just a sneak and a yellow bully, that's what. Stand up to him and he'll crawl. And if you do... Yes. Your brother'll get that job. Mark my words if you don't. Ain't no man Mr. Thornton likes so much as a fighter.  I serve him in, folks, young fella. Fighting ain't something that has to be taught. When the time comes for it to take to it natural. Just like a duck takes the water. Well, well, I'll do my best. But you just better. I'm afraid my best won't be good enough. You... You hear that? I heard it, Tyler, and I don't like it. Ah. I ran across Job Munch and Pecos. You know, fella?  The thief when he thinks he can get away with it. The one man in the world I'd never put in a position of trust. Ah. What do you think of young fella? That fellow Mrs. Ridgely calls Jack Murdock. I think the thanks to him, Mrs. Ridgely, is once more secure. Not right. He deserves more than a refusal when he's come all this way for a job. Ah. We look into this, Kimosabe. That's a good idea. And if he needs help, he'll get it. Come on, son. Get him up, Scarlet.  Come on. No, no more barkeep. That'll be enough. I have to get back to the office. I have things to do. Mr. Thornton. Oh, hello, young fellow. Looking for me, were you? Yes, I... Sorry, Jack, but I was just telling the barkeep here. I've got work at the office. See me later, huh? Now, if you'll excuse me. No. What is it? Look here, Mr. Thornton. You've got to listen. Oh, I do. Do I? Yes, you do. You've got to tell me what you're going to do about that job at the office. Am I going to get it? You promise me I would, but since then you've just been putting me off. In one moment. Well? I don't hire any man out of hand. First, I've got to know something about him. I have to have time to size him up. Now, how long have you been here? Just two weeks, but... There you see. Two weeks. No time at all. You will have to be patient, young man. But you didn't tell me all this in your letter. Well... When I was in the East, you wrote me to come right out. Just the same as said, when I got here, the job would be mine. Didn't say anything then about Paul, about waving to size me up. There was a reason for that. What reason? I knew your father. Well, I'd expected to find you more like him than you are. I won't see. You disappointed me, but I will say that I'm not at all certain you're fitted for the work. Maybe I'm wrong. It'll take time to tell. And I'm just to wait? Unless you prefer to look elsewhere for employment. You're under no obligation to me, you know. I see. Jack, I know just how you feel. But believe me, I can't tell you anything else. But, Mr. Thorne, there's no use discussing it any further. I'm busy. Good day. Good day. We'll talk this over again some other time. Barkeep. You not drink. Oh, hello, Redskin. What was that you said? You not drink. You heat man. Fire water. No good.  You good fellow. You not drink. I don't see why I can't. All right, Redskin, you win. That's waiting outside. Yes, I was kind of forgetting myself. Redskin. What matter? Nothing. I just wanted to ask you your name, mind? Me name Tonto. Tonto, huh? Well, Tonto, thanks. I guess if you hadn't been here, I might have made a prime fool of myself. You offer reservation.  My sister. That was my sister. Hey, let me through. Out of my way. Dad. Dad, what's wrong? What was it, Dodger? Oh. Brother, miss. He came running to the rescue. He ain't running no more. Fact is, when he seen me, kind of looked like he slowed down a heap. You mean? Dad, what happened? Shucks, all I did was say hello to your sister here, and she started yelling like somebody had pulled a gun on her.  Most of them like me to talk to him. It isn't true, Jack. He grabbed me. What if it did? It was just joking, my. You snake. What's that? Probably just a little closer to your size. So that's it, huh? Too little to get in fights, huh? You hear that, fellas? Didn't I always tell you the pilgrim weren't yelling? He's just too small to stick up for himself, that's all. He ain't yelling. He's just a little might. Jack, Jack, do something. Don't let him make fun of you like that. Make him take that back. I... I want to take it back, huh? All right, young fella. Here I am.  There's... There's no need to fight about this. I just promise not to annoy my sister. You hear that, fellas? I'm to promise not to bother the girl here. Me. I'm to promise. Why, shucks, any girl would be pleased to have a real man like me pay her some attention. Ain't that so, miss? Come on, help me, sir. Ain't you kind of pleased for me to say howdy when you come walking by? Ain't you now? You...  And you, Jack... I'm ashamed of you. I'm going home. No, don't you come with me. I just can't stand to see you. Dad, wait. Young fella, you want some advice? Well, get out of town. All right, fellas, come on inside. The drinks are on me! So, Jack, back down when Job challenged him, huh? Ah, that's right. He has no more backbone than that. He might as well turn around and go back east right now. Oh, that'd be a bad thing. Why, him help with a woman. Him go, what her do. That's right, Kimosabe. A man who's willing to do a kindness but doesn't boast about it afterwards has something good in him. Jack and his sister live in that place just beyond the widows. We're paying them a call. You've got plans? Yes, Kimosabe. And if it doesn't work, nothing will. Ready? Hello, still! Get in the car! Dad. Jack, I'm glad you came home. I've been so sorry for what I said. I didn't mean Jack. I've been ashamed of myself ever since. You didn't say anything that wasn't true. No, Jack, you're not a coward. How could anyone be expected to fight a great big bully like Joe Munch? After what he did, probably any man in town would have, if you'd been their sister. I bet they wouldn't. It's no use, daughter.  For a while I hoped it was just like Mrs. Ridgely said, not being used to things, not understanding how... Jack, what is it? Dad, look there. Coming up the trail. A mask, man. The curtain falls on the first act of the drama. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. How to continue our story. Lone Ranger and Tato raced up to the home shared by Jack and his sister and reigned in their great mouths before the door. Oh, oh, listen, man. Oh, come on. Come along. All right, Tato, take him. Get him! You saddle, son. You know what to do with him. I don't do it. What do you do?  Jack! Jack! Let my brother go. He'll not be harmed. You... Inside an hour he'll be released. You cook! In the house. You and I are going to have a talk. As the Lone Ranger explained the reason for his actions, the girl's hostility disappeared. Then the masked man went on to explain the plan he had in mind. Now do you understand why I had to get your brother out of the way? Oh, yes. Do you see that the plan I've suggested is the only thing that offers a hope of winning the respect of Thornton and the townspeople for Jack? I... I wonder... You wonder what? If Jack... If Jack will really... Do as I have told you, we will. Yes. Can you doubt it? I don't want to. I'm sure he will. You're his sister. You should have as much faith in him as I have. Oh, I do believe in him. Then you'll try it. I will. Good. Who? Oh, it's Otto. Back already? Uh-huh. Miss Murlock's agreed to our plan. Uh-huh. That hit good. Where's Jack? Him not far. Him... Walk. Him get here soon. Then we'll be going. And that, when your brother gets here? Yes. Convincing that all's well. Masked man, I will. That's all right, daughter. I suppose it is, but just the same. I don't understand. Why, the masked man and Tonto came here? Yes. I think you will in time, Jack. In fact, I'm sure you will. That same afternoon, the masked man and Tonto rode into town. They rained up in the shadow of a building near the cafe and waited until Joe Munch came out. Then they started after him. The masked man leaned forward to adjusted Lariat. And that moment, Joe disappeared. And so, Joe, the moment he got Tonto, which way did he go? Him walk that way. Towards the livery stable? Uh-huh. And he's likely getting his horse. He's circling towards the side. Uh-huh. That's where he is.  Not right. So keep your eyes open. You'll be leaving anytime.  Get on it. There he is. Don't shout. Hurry, old boy. Hold on there. Wait. Get him on. Get him on. I'm that man. Don't use that, Quirt. What? That's the bridal tunnel. Come on, meet Tonto. Come on, meet Tonto. You're coming with us. Come on. Get him on, Tonto. There was an unwilling captive. The lone ranger and Tonto raced out of town. They did not draw rain until they had reached their camp several miles away. Here's Camp Tonto. Rain up. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. What? You mean Scar, of course. What are the names that I use? Scar who? What is this? You're trying to work some game? Well, all I asked is who you think I am. You're Scar Bowen. Well, I'll be... Sorry to spoil your fun, mister, but you just made a mistake. You and the Redskinned here got the wrong jank. That story won't go down. I don't know this hombre, Scar Bowen. You're nuts. And I don't know why you warn him. But I can tell you this. I ain't him. him and I can prove it expect us to swallow that you ever see this here's scar ombre you're acquainted with him personal no but I don't know then that accounts for it just had a description of man perhaps but then you look here at these go ahead mr. look what's that you aren't blind or your letters of course take a look at him and see what's written on the front this one's addressed to Job munch and look at the others are all the same yes I see the air yeah what do you got to say to that and it looks as if Tyler and I made a mistake sure did well you got any objections and we're riding back to town now yes I have but you just now admitted I want the armory was after which doesn't all of the fact that we permit you to ride to town you won't waste time reporting this to the law I want stranger honest I want you can go gosh mr. thanks but you walk on your way hey listen you don't know what you're saying but I only want some lead thrown your way all right all right I'll go I'll go don't shoot stranger don't shoot and keep going him him heap mad and we fooled him completely did you get something that'll serve me get this his bandana let me have a look at it fine Kimus Abbey it's got his initials huh that's why tanto take it walking Job won't reach town for at least four hours that's right that suits our purpose perfectly Kimus Abbey he won't be there until dark four hours later Jack and mr.  Thornton Jack I think there is but I can't make you see sense so I'm going to talk to your sister maybe she can persuade you to go back east you wouldn't want me to very well then she can tell me so herself honest mr. Thornton isn't there any chance at all for me to get that job I've made up my mind Jack no but and we're really wasting our time discussing it now here we are oh oh boy oh well what's the matter I thought you said your sister was at home why she is but doesn't look at the doors open she isn't in the parlor at any rate Jack what come on hurry someone's been here all right just take a look at this room why wait it's all torn up torn up looks like it was hit by a tornado dad where are you dad dad can you hear me dad if you're here answer me looks to me as if there's been a fight here or struggle but I don't understand that wait what is it have you ever seen this before mr. Thornton have you a bandana yes but where would the initials on it or jm joe munch joe he came here broke in most likely fought with my sister Jack sound incredible incredible we're going back to town come on when I find that skunk without duty him will seem impossible meanwhile Joe but returned to town and headed straight for the cafe weary and foot sore he expected sympathy but when he told the story of his abduction the man around the bar seemed to find it more funny than tragic the cafe rock with laughter look like you've been walking for a week Joe how do you like hiking there and laugh if you like if I ever run across that masked man again I'm gonna gun whip that gentle a friend there he is what the easy jack take it easy after all you don't know for sure now wait take your hand up my arm job where's my sister hey is everybody local today you broke into our house when my sister was alone there what did you do with it hey now where have you been all this evening father I was set a foot out in the country and had to walk back to town did anyone see you Joe well reckon not mr.  Thornton but that's as right now she she'd rather not talk oh oh of course you were you understand don't you I'm not sure I understand that miss but Jack I do understand this I made a mistake about you young fellow a mistake I thought you were well to be frank a coward I say I was wrong all I ask is that you never lose your temper with me I'm sorry about that mr.


That's right. I am humbled to be the first Democratic governor reelected in the great state of New Jersey Since my dear friend the late governor Brendan Byrne did this in 1977 Thank you, New Jersey And there you just heard Democrat candidate Phil Murphy giving his acceptance speech yesterday after being announced the winner in New Jersey's race for governor and Joining us live now to discuss one of the many elections that caught the attention of Americans is CEO and founder of stock swush Melissa Armo joining us on the right and Executive and director of common sense democracy Haven McVarish joining us on the left nice to see both of you So we just spoke with our very own David zeer about the New Jersey race and Republicans Coming out quickly criticizing the media for calling the race too soon in particular pointing to the Associated Press So I want to ask you Melissa. Do you think that this was? Too soon to make the call with it being so tight as it is. I Think it was definitely too soon And I think the problem is in order for people to have confidence in the election outcome They need to let all the votes be counted They need to go through the process when it's neck and neck and really tight like that They have to wait when I went to bed at night the election night I really thought that Murphy was going to lose it was neck and neck was within I think 1100 votes and then you get up the next day and all of a sudden Murphy's declared the winner This is really reminiscent of what happened with the 2020 presidential campaign Which every day you thought Trump was up and then the next day was down He was up. It was down people need to have confidence in the election outcome And I think it's a problem when the news media Projects it or says it or announces that then most of the country is just going to believe it and then it's really hard to turn it around Haven't what are your thoughts because again speaking with David Zier. I asked him if he thought a recount was likely he believes so Do you think it's likely and also same question to you as I asked Melissa. Do you think this is too too close to call? Yeah, I mean Republicans anytime they lose now They start to declare voter fraud your reporter David said that very thing three times that he suspects voter fraud that all of a sudden 40,000 votes came out of nowhere That's just how elections are run elections. You don't count everything in the exact same moment Sometimes you get boxes that are piled up and they then count overnight and overnight you realize that You know this particular county is definitely deep blue or deep red And all the votes are going for one candy and that changes it So at certain point you can declare someone's one you don't have to wait for every vote to be counted When statistics will show you that the person is going to win based on the fact that they have more votes And that the votes left to count are 70 or 80 percent from democratic precinct So, you know, I don't know what to say every time Republicans lose nowadays. It's because of voter fraud And you know, yet they are unable to show any voter fraud anywhere at any time Well, first of all, I didn't say there was voter fraud. I didn't say that whatsoever at all I said that they should And although I will say that New Jersey is typically a democratic state that that was so close that there's no way That he could have gotten that men get the Republican could have gotten that many votes if Democrats hadn't voted for him So he got some of the Democratic votes. So I think they need to wait for all the votes to be counted Whether it's 40,000 whether it's 4,000 whether it's 400,000. That's a lot of votes and I will say this too Why are they pulling boxes out? Why are they bringing a mail-in ballot too late? They need a better system and this is nationwide again So people have confidence of the election outcome and the results get people in your get workers in their higher people Start counting those ballots in the morning Do not wait till 11 o'clock at night. Do not wait till 2 o'clock in the morning There's absolutely no reason for them to be counting ballots that late hire people and start doing it early a collection deck Hey, but let me ask you this Go ahead. Go ahead. You just said you weren't casting doubt on the election and then you're talking about Mysterious boxes being brought in late. That is exactly what I am talking about That is just how elections are counted. You don't get all of the ballots at the same time states are big I did not say mysterious boxes, and I did not say election fraud I said count all the votes and count them on election day. Why is this so difficult? So then you don't find anything suspicious about this election Hold on. Hold on. Are you a mistake that this election like Trump's election was fair and that there was no fraud I don't know if it's very not because they have not counted all the votes We're talking about the fact that the AP and the media came out and declared Murphy the winner before they've counted all the votes But haven't haven't hold on hold on I want to I'm going to break this up a little bit because we have a lot to get to So haven't real quickly there has been proof of cases of fraud not widespread If that's what you're going to report said it was widespread have to change the outcome So I want to clarify that also going back to Melissa's point in the initial question In the initial question though that I'm asking is a race too close to call Yes, or no, it's a it's a simple question. No, it's not we're going to find in a week. Okay one After every vote to count it, but we already know that now you don't need to count every vote to know Someone's going to win if they're winning by enough votes Okay, I want to bring in another member of our panel as I said we we're going to have three today So it's going to be a packed house. I want to bring in uh john jackson He's the chairman of decalb county in georgia for democrats So you've been hearing the debate going back and forth between haven and melissa nice healthy debate Which is good gives our viewers a lot to think about uh john jackson I want to get your thoughts on this and we're talking about in particular the new jersey race A lot of republicans criticizing this racing. It's too close to call melissa says she believes it's too close Haven says it's not what are your thoughts on this race? Well, you know, I think that uh, you got to look at the facts And you know once the the results are certified You have to accept the results of the election, you know, I think that For democracy Unless we see overwhelming evidence that That there was some type of Manipulation of the vote, you know, you have to just You know do what's Normally done and if it's within a certain margin depending on what state you're in you're going to do a recount So you can do a recount. That's what i'm asking So should we do a recount because I want to move on to other topics should there be really depends on what Uh, the new jersey law is if the new jersey law mandates a recount for that percentage Then they should do that if if if a certain side wants to pay or you know pay for a recount If they have a right to basically petition or Or a request a recount then then you know that can be done, but the reality is Uh, we got to get away from saying that an election is not valid because our side didn't win Sometimes, you know, sometimes your side is going to lose But how do you do that? But how do you do that because there have been polls after polls and I understand You know what you and Haven are saying but for a lot of the viewers that are watching right now They do believe that elections were stolen. They do not trust the election system So how do you convince them? Is there anything that you can do to convince them otherwise? In other words, can I know there's a lot of to ensure election integrity? Yes, go ahead This is what I would say. I know that there's a lot of passion and respect for former president trump Uh, and but he sold a lot of you know, disbelief An election that was legit his own administration Said there was no widespread voter fraud And so a large portion of conservatives now don't believe in election results when republicans lose because former president trump Acted irresponsibly after the election. The reality is Is his own administration Uh, his own homeland security department his own justice department found no widespread voter fraud So we can't get into this but the key there but the key there though And I'm going to inject real quickly because we're going to have to go to a commercial break And I want to get all of you a chance to respond but the key there Widespread fraud. It wasn't that there wasn't fraud It's just it wasn't widespread according to these reports enough to change the outcome of the election So I want all of you to weigh in on that we're going to make a commercial break So I don't want to have to cut you off. So Haven melissa John, please stick around. I'm going to have talk about that also We're going to get to what all of this means moving forward, right? Because we're dissecting all of these races And some republicans are saying that this is a blueprint for the mid-term elections In fact, some are already making predictions such as Former house speaker newt gingrich saying that republicans are headed for an electoral tsunami That he says could flip four us senate seats and as many as 70 house seats to republican control We're going to see if our panel agrees with that coming up next You


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unisor Education. Today's lecture will be about parallel lines, and this is an introduction to parallel lines, and basically all the time I will talk about parallel lines and transversal. Now, before going into the details of this, I'd like to spend a couple of minutes just discussing certain philosophical aspects of geometry or mathematics, if you wish, in general. It's all about proving something, basically. And when you prove something, you're bounding your proof in something which was proved earlier, and then something before that, etc. And that's how you go, basically, to statements which are supposed to be accepted as axioms, because there is nothing to prove them wrong. There is nothing before that. So, geometry is very obvious of this particular quality of the mathematics, because there are certain axioms or postulates, if you wish, which the whole thing is based on. And it's very important to do it right, to do, like, these are axioms, and these are theorems which can be proved based on these axioms. And those are theorems which are supposed to be based on the prior theorems and prior axioms. So, it goes only one way. We don't want to have any kind of logical loops, like A is because of B, but B is because of A. This is something which is completely no-no in mathematics. Now, things about parallel lines are very much related to axioms which were first put out by Euclid, and then made much more rigorous by Hilbert. In particular, what's very important in this particular topic is the fifth postulate of Euclid, which in its original form states something like this. If you have two lines and transversal, which crosses both of them, and if some of these two angles is less than 180 degrees, two right angles, right, B, 90 degrees, then the lines eventually will intersect somewhere. It's a pretty complex statement for an axiom. However, Euclid did not have any other way, basically, but to put it as an axiom because he could not prove it. And in theory, that's absolutely correct way to do this type of things, because this cannot be proven from other axioms that's put in this way, which sound much simpler. Like, for instance, you have only one line which can contain two given points. I mean, this is something very obvious on the plane. You don't have any kind of negative feelings. Well, why can't we prove it? This is kind of obvious, but this is not, and still needs to be accepted as an axiom. So, the whole theory of parallel lines will actually be based on this particular axiom, and so I will proceed. Now, first of all, terminology. If you have two lines and a transversal, which basically intersects both of them, there's certain terminology about the angles, which are four. There are eight angles, four here and four here. Well, these just among themselves, you know, they're called vertical, and these among themselves are supplemental. We know that. But now, since we have two different lines, we can consider angles like 1 and 2, which are, one of them is called exterior, and another is called interior. So, interior angles are these four angles, which are in between these two lines. And exterior angles are the other four, these and these two. Now, if you are considering this transversal, then the angles on one side are called one-sided, and angles on opposite side, let's say, this one and this one are called alternate angles. So, what we can have here, how can we characterize, for instance, angle one and angle, let's say, three. They are alternate exterior angles. Now, two and four are one sided interior. Two and five are alternate interior. And there is one more, one and two are called corresponding. It's shorter for one-sided, one of them is interior, and another is exterior. They're called, in one word, corresponding angles. Now, what's very important is that parallelism of these two lines is very much related to congruence or supplemental quality of certain angles. Now, if you consider certain angles which are formed by transversal and one of the lines which we consider, and certain angles which are formed by the same transversal and another line, so the corresponding equality or inequality of the angles actually characterizes parallelism or non-parallelism of the lines. Let me just state one very simple theorem as the first, basically, statement in this particular series of statements. Corresponding angles, one and two. So they're one sided, one of them exterior, another interior. So if corresponding angles are congruent to each other, then the lines are parallel. What's important is if the lines are parallel, this is the converse statement, then the corresponding angles are congruent as well, which means that the congruence of the corresponding angles is basically a characteristic property of the parallel lines, which means one defines another. They cannot go, like, there is no such situation when you have two lines which are not parallel to each other, but still congruent corresponding angles. So these are necessary and sufficient conditions for one for another. So corresponding angles are congruent is necessary and sufficient condition for the lines being parallel. Now, not only corresponding angles, not only the congruence of the corresponding angles is this type of characteristic property, also the congruence of alternate exterior two and five is the same type of property. Another example can be that angles two and four, one sided interior, are supplemental to each other. They are together making 180 degrees angle. So there are a few conditions between these angles and each of them can actually serve as a characteristic property of the parallelism of the lines. So let me start from one particular, one and two, two corresponding angles. Now, if they are congruent to each other, then the lines are parallel. Let me prove. Let's consider the lines are not parallel and let's consider they are intersecting somewhere here, if I will extend them sufficiently far enough. So what happens here? Well, let's just consider this point p, point of intersection, and these two points m and n where transversal is intersecting are two given lines. Well, if these lines are intersecting at p, then p and n is a triangle. Now, we all know, and this is one of the prior lectures which I have, that exterior angle of any triangle is greater than any interior not supplemental visit. So if you have a triangle and you have some kind of exterior angle, it's greater than either of interior angles not supplemental visit. And it doesn't depend what kind of triangle it is. This triangle is kind of obvious. Now, if it's a choose, for instance, angle triangle and you consider this exterior angle, it's still greater than any of these two. All right? So this is a property of any triangle. Exterior angle is greater than any interior not supplemental visit. But now let's take a look at the angle one and angle two. And the one is obviously exterior to triangle p, m, n. And angle two is interior angle, which is not supplemental with one. Which means one is supposed to be greater than two. That contradicts our initial premise that the angles corresponding angles are congruent to each other. They cannot be greater or smaller. They're supposed to measure exactly the same. That's the congruence actually is all about. So what we have proven is if these corresponding angles are congruent to each other, then the lines must not intersect on this side. Well, actually, you might say, well, maybe they will intersect on another side of the traversal. Well, this will not be possible, either. So if they are intersecting here somewhere. Now, why is this wrong? Well, for obvious conditions, because let's consider instead of one, let's consider angle one, one, 11. And instead of two, let's consider 22. Same thing. If these two angles are equal to each other, then these angles as supplemental are equal to each other. And now we have exactly the same thing. Now, triangle MPM is a triangle where angle 11 is exterior and angle 22 is interior, not supplemental. So this angle is supposed to be greater than this, which again contradicts their equality, their congruence. So it cannot intersect on this side and cannot intersect on that side of the traversal. So lines do not intersect. We have proven a direct theory. So if corresponding angles are congruent to each other, then lines cannot intersect, which means they are parallel by definition of the parallelism. Now let's prove a converse theorem. What if the lines are parallel? Let's prove that corresponding angles are congruent to each other. Okay. How can we prove it? Well, very easily. Remember the fifth postulate of Euclid. So if some of two angles, one sided interior angles less than a hundred and eighty degree, then the lines will eventually intersect each other. So let's consider 1 and 2. How can we prove that they are equal to each other? They're measured exactly the same way. They're congruent if lines are parallel. Well, let's consider that that's not the case. Let's consider 1 is not congruent to 2. Now what it means that angle 2 and angle 4, now angle 1 and angle 4 are equal to a hundred and eighty degrees, right, since they are supplemented to each other. But 2 is not measured the same as 1, which means 2 plus 4 is not measured as a hundred and eighty degree, right? 1 and 4 are a hundred and eighty. 2 is not equal to 1, right? That's our assumption, which we will basically use to conclude certain things which contradicts our initial premise that the lines are parallel, right? We are trying to prove it from the opposite side. So 2 is not equal to 1. 1 plus 4 is equal to one hundred and eighty degree. That means that 2 plus 4 is not equal to one hundred and eighty degree. Well, okay, fine.  That's what it means that 2 plus 4 is not equal to a hundred and eighty. It's either less or greater. Well, if 2 plus 4 is less than a hundred and eighty degree, then the lines will cross here because of the fifth postulate of Euclid. And that contradicts their parallelism, which we have assumed from the very beginning. That's the condition of our theory. So we came to the conclusion which basically contradicts our initial premise. So our assumption that 1 and 2 are not equal to each other results in some kind of a contradiction. Okay, but this is on this side. What if it's greater than one eighty degree? Well, if it's greater than one eighty degree, that means that if we will consider instead of angle 4, angle 5, supplement to it. So angle 4 is equal to one hundred and eighty minus 5. Now, an angle 22 is equal to one hundred and eighty minus, I'm sorry, angle 2 is equal to one hundred and eighty minus 22, right? So if I will add them together, what will happen? We will have 2 plus 4 here is equal to 360 minus 5 plus 22 in parenthesis, right? Now, this is greater than a hundred and eighty. So this is greater than a hundred and eighty. So what we will do, we will add 5 plus 22 to both sides and we subtract one eighty from both sides. So as we see, 5 plus 22, which means these two on one sided internal angles give a sum which is less than one hundred and eighty degrees, which means it should cross on this side, it should parallel. The lines cannot be parallel basically because they are intersecting. Because of the fifth postulate liquid. So no matter what we do, no matter how we measure, if one is not measuring exactly the same as two, then either the lines will intersect on one side of the transversal or another, which means they cannot be parallel. So we came to contradiction, which means that our original premise that the lines are parallel implies that one and two corresponding angles are congruent each other. So congruence of the corresponding angles is a characteristic property. It's a necessary and sufficient condition using logical language for the lines to be parallel. Now, not only corresponding angles have this type of property, because if you will consider instead of one angle number five, two and five are alternate interior, alternate because on different sides of the transversal and interior because they are in between these two lines. So since these are vertical equal to each other, basically congruent to each other, it means that the theory is exactly the same. If instead of corresponding angles you will consider alternate interior angles. Now, if instead of angle two you consider angle three also vertical and congruent to it, then you can say that one and three, which is alternate exterior angles, have exactly the same property, being the characteristic property of the lines to be parallel. So if exterior or alternate exterior are congruent, then the lines are parallel and if the lines are parallel then all alternate exterior angles are congruent. So there are many different variations as you see of the same theorem applied to different angles. And finally, you can say that some of one-sided interior angles, like four and two in this case, or five and one-two-two, being equal to a hundred and eighty degrees, being supplemental to each other, again that's exactly the same characteristic property of the parallelism, because if these two are equal to a hundred and eighty, since one and four also are equal to a hundred and eighty, then one and two are supposed to be congruent to each other. So they're all very much equivalent to each other and that's why we have how many theorems, like ten corresponding alternate interior, alternate exterior and some of one-sided interior and the same thing, some of one-sided exterior. So yes, it's five different theorems, direct theorems and five different converse theorems, which means if angles are congruent or supplemental, then the lines are parallel and that's five theorems and opposite converse theorems, if lines are parallel, then the angles which we were talking about are either congruent or supplemental to each other. Okay, so this is the base of all the different theorems, future theorems and problems about parallel lines. So parallel lines and transversal angles have the same, have certain property, there are either congruent or supplemental to each other and that's a necessary and sufficient condition for the lines to be parallel. By the way, from which follows a very easy way to solve one of the major construction problems which people might actually face. It's a very elementary problem, but still, I mean any construction problem needs to be somehow explained and basically laid out. Now the problem is if you have a point outside of the line, how to draw a line parallel to this one, which contains this point. Well, there are many ways obviously to do it. Now before, in one of the construction problems which we were solving before, what we could do is we can draw the perpendicular and then another perpendicular here. Two perpendicular will reduce parallel lines. Why? Because these are right angles and two right angles are supplementary to each other and as we know, if some of interior one-sided angles is equal to 100 degrees, then these lines will be parallel with this one as a transversal. But it's a little bit more, I would say, lengthy process to build two perpendiculars. Using the theorems which I have just proven, we can derive with a slightly easier way to do it. Let's just choose any two points here, have a triangle and then using these three sides, have another triangle with this side being common and we will use this radius to draw an arc here, this radius to draw an arc here, so this triangle, this is equal to this, this is equal to this and this is the common side. So these are equal triangles, completely congruent to each other, which means these angles are congruent. But if you consider these angles from the parallel lines standpoint, so these are two lines, this is transversal, so these are alternate interior angles and since they are congruent, the lines are parallel. So this seems to be a slightly easier way to build the line parallel to a given line which contains a given point outside. So you know, you can just use this particular theorem in a real practical problem how to draw a parallel line. Alright, basically that's all I wanted to talk about as far as the parallel lines and transversal are concerned. Obviously the most important is to understand that congruence of certain angles is a necessary and sufficient condition for the lines being parallel. Basically that's it and you can probably use this particular theorem in many other problems and other theorems which you'll find in this particular course. Okay, so that's it for today. Don't forget that the website Unisor.com contains lots of very important educational materials which I would definitely suggest you to use and for parents and supervisors don't forget that you can enroll your students into certain course or set of lectures which have exams and you can examine scores and you can actually decide whether to consider the course completed or basically ask your students to repeat the course to take again the same exam and basically reach the point when all the problems of the exam are solved correctly and that will be the end of the course and then you can enroll to another course etc. Gives you some kind of a very good handle to control the educational process. It's basically kind of homeschooling if you wish and it's a very good aid for homeschooling. Okay, thanks very much and good luck.


So we had the SID display week and hey, so who are you? Hi, I'm Annick also application engineer at various technologies Hello. Hi. I'm Nikolai Dushain Laforet marketing manager at Boreas Technology So what do you do here at Boreas? So Boreas we do we're a fabulously my conductor company We build we create drivers for fuse electric actuators. Is it something in here? Yeah, it's something in here It's the small part here So there are two of our chips here with the required component The piezoelectric actuator would be connected here and this board is our development board that connects to the PC What is happening here? What is the what is this part? So this part is an inductor and there is a archip And the other are basic components required for making the part upgrade And so you are able to do haptic piezo haptic feedback Instead of the normal haptics are done by By different way, how is this different? There are different technologies to do haptics There's the ERM which is the first rotation motors that you found into cell phones more advanced cell phones today's are using LRAs and piezoelectric actuators are the next wave of haptic devices and we have designed a driver that is a low power small footprint and That is designed basically from the ground up to Make these devices operate so our chip can do Can drive the the drive the actuator and also sense how much pressure the user is putting on the So you have a demo phone So the phone could have haptics on the side for example For example, we replace the mechanical button by a piezoelectricator that is inside the screen But not the screen sorry the frame and when we push on the frame the user feels a simulation of a button So it's it's it feels like a button, but there's no button so it makes it easier to build a phone It makes it easier to have it sealed to have it more Rugged and also to create haptics At any location in the device So we could have a device on the screen for example and have that if the user press the screen or feel some Some typing when he's actually using the keyboard for a usual haptic system has only one for the whole phone Right one for the whole phone. Is that what you do also? It's something that could be that could be done. There are different possibilities with that and it's it's really the The good point with the piezo is that it's the direct contact with the surface that's in there direct contact with the user So the effect is direct. It can feel both the pressure and give the Feedback, but you can't do it right now. It's one that does everything or you have to localize several or Right now you put it just behind right now. We've put it just on the on the on the frame So there's no inside. There's no device inside underneath the screen. It's only inside the frame nice And what do we see here? What is this? This is the yep. Those are the different Package that we have for the chip so the first row you can see the well actually I Can I cannot show you that part? Ah, you cannot show that part. No, okay You can see it with your eyes, but yeah, you're not supposed to okay So how can people use a development kit? So the development kit is our the first step for our customers to get experience with piece electric actuators So they can connect the actuators on the end They can plug it into the computer and it's recognized by the computer as a as a USB speaker So out of the box you can have access to the press and release Simulation demonstration you can also play waveforms directly through the car from the computer to the board It they will be played on the on the actuators And then once the car the customer is ready to go to the next level and build his prototype You can reprogram the microcontroller from the source code that we provide and one step further To build his prototype you can break the board in three pieces and those two pieces can be directly connected to his system


Let's go Friday night baseball Brewers versus Pirates.


Hi, I'm Leon I'm from Intel a senior software cloud architect. Hi, I'm Shamal Tahir I'm a director of product management at Athena Health I'm glad today that we are very happy because I'm we actually celebrating a three years anniversary for the enterprise working group Yeah, so we're going to talk about what this working group is about and how I mean how we evolve from three years ago And until what today what kind of workload that we have developed. Yeah, yeah so three years ago at the Atlanta summit it became apparent that there is a need for large enterprise customers and companies that are adopting OpenStack To you know kind of share some of their common needs and necessities and quite frankly barriers to adoption that they're facing and so in that context we formed a group to kind of Expose some of the barriers to adoption as well as build plans on how we can share them more broadly with the upstream community and Build actionable plans towards getting some of those mitigated in the future Yeah, so some of the things that we work on before is like lowering upgrades What is the pain point of doing upgrades operating in OpenStack and moving on we have a lot of different company joining the work group And we try to identify what are the existing gaps and barriers for adopting OpenStack And one of the things that we found is many enterprise customers is find difficult to know what is open stack and how to operate OpenStack in their environment. So we came up with this idea of Developing new ebook content to help people to understand what is OpenStack and How to implement OpenStack in their environment and then how to migrate as thing applications on the OpenStack environment Yeah, so moving on and we also have a lot of things working on today such as a workload reference architectures So we want to talk about some of the workload that we are doing today Yeah, definitely and before I get into that I think it's important to highlight also the user composition of the working group Yeah, so this working group actually is a good healthy mix of OpenStack users as well as upstream contributing companies like Intel and others so What we're coming up with is not just you know us thinking something as an issue and raising it We're actually very responsive to user survey We're very responsive with the companies that are participating like Walmart for example and hearing their needs and you know again I think it's important to note that the group is a really healthy mix of both contributors as well as users and That makes the content that much more powerful, honestly, I think so coming back to workload architectures Which is another great collaboration point since we have users participate in the work group We looked at what are some common adoption patterns around OpenStack And what we heard is that people are using OpenStack for three tier web application type workloads They're using it for e-commerce workloads as well as big data. Yeah, and so we published three workload reference architectures so far and these workload architectures focus on these three key areas and We're actually looking in the future to go towards, you know building more reference architectures for other market needs such as NFV or even cloud native containerized workloads Do you want to talk a little bit more about what's actually in the workload reference architecture? So inside a workload reference architecture We actually try to help user to understand if let's say you want to deploy a big data or even Communities on on OpenStack cloud what kind of component that you need from the OpenStack Layer perspective and it helped you to build out that that recipe in the reference architecture We also provide some recipe to help user to understand you can quickly bootstrap the environment to have a very good feel on Okay, how if I want to run big data, how is it going to look side in the OpenStack? So those kind of things will be included in the workload reference architecture and moving forward We're hoping to have more collaboration with other work group as well such as a scientific work group So how to define or create a new reference architecture on running HPC workload on OpenStack as well So yeah, so I think we are very excited and we can work on more things Yeah, absolutely And as you can see where we started with the origin story of the working group three years ago It was really feature and pain point driven and what we've come to realize is that Education and knowledge is was an existing gap as well So it wasn't just the technology that people were saying oh, I would like it to do this better or this works for me Let's let's do more of this type of stuff it was also about how do I talk to my team internally and Let them know why OpenStack is important to our future and why are we consuming it? Why should we consume it and to that end the enterprise work group has actually shifted a lot of our work Into more Educational type output such as a workload reference architectures But also as important are the e-booklets that the work group has been publishing Do you want to cover a little bit of the journey of what the topics are for the books for the e-book? So the first able that we produce actually more talking about what is OpenStack helping people that you organization to understand as what exactly OpenStack is and then the second able is after you understand What is OpenStack right? How are you going to deploy or operate OpenStack in your environment? How how are you going to introduce OpenStack in your environment? So we talked about some of the technology choices as well as organizational cultural changes and in a third able we're moving towards educating people on how to Migrate and move as I think applications into OpenStack is more talk about migration strategies So moving forward they hope we can produce more contents as very useful for the for the enterprise users exactly So to summarize the first three years have been fantastic for the working group enjoy all the people that I work with personally in that team and You know as we said we're moving more towards Education and constant creation and so we look forward to delivering more workload reference architectures More booklets in the future as well as collaborating with other working groups to find out what other needs Beyond the enterprise sector if you will can we help with yeah from the contents I feel very exciting. I hope more people can join us if you are interested do join us for the work group


Let's please tuck your blue and red crayons back into your Ziploc bag. You bet, you know what Jack, I'll check on it. Probably when we switch back to our desks and I can help you fix it if it needs it. Okay, here's what we're going to do boys and girls. As those get zipped away, you need your marker materials because I'm about to set you to work on an ink pear to share and then we have evidence gathering to do. So, markering materials out. That would be Sock Eraser, Dry Erase Marker, Dry Erase Board. And Jack, thank you for tuning right in here this way.


Hello, in this video we're going to add a skill bar to our map. Use the add skill bar tool and drag a box where you want it. Because we only have one map, this skill bar is linked to this map. If you have multiple maps you need to select the map to which it belongs. You can also adjust the units and the label unit multiplier. In this case kilometers is okay and also the segment width of 5 kilometers looks okay. We can change the style, in this case I've chosen the steps line. You can also modify the fonts, you find that under display and then you can also change the colors and the sizes of the lines. So I change the font size here to 9 points to create a bit more space and I drag it to the position where I want it. In this video you've learned how to add the skill bar for a map.