Hello, what's pop? We are on kick, K-I-C-K. We are live. So you can come join us if you want. If not, that's cool. Just leave a like, comment, subscribe. Turn on your post notification bells. Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK. This right here, this is where any highlights from the stream will be. We also got the Patreon. We just finished Misfits and we finished Peep Show. We started Sherlock last Friday, so a Friday episode is coming up again. We voted on line of duty. Line of duty is locked in to replace Misfits. And now we just gotta replace something with Peep Show. We're actually doing the voting now. Survive. Don't forget we got the Discord as well. Any links are down in the description below. This is the Table Room. Prince Dre reveals what King Vaan was like and what's Oblock like? Trap Lore, Trap Lore-Ross. Well, I don't know why that's in the title. What'd you put? Ah, you're trying to get in the algorithm. I get you. I got it, got it now. Nevermind, I got it. Prince Dre, I've never really heard of him. Like, I heard, like, I think I seen him, like, it was Vaan, like a clip of Vaan before. And then I might've looked him up. Like, I've never looked up one of his songs or something. And then since then, that was like three years ago. Since then, I ain't, me personally. But that's neither here nor there. Let's check it out. I remember he used to have braces, though. No pauses. I was schooled in, like, Aimee Gray Hill, 12. I grew up in Chicago, Illinois. I was on the southeast side. I was born in Woodlands. South east side. I grew up in Kaisgrove. Moved to 79th and east end. Then after that, I went to 71st. Well, my mama first got our own little apartment. Then moved there for, like, two years. And what was school like for you growing up in Chicago? School. What's that, what's dude, the dude that do taboo room? The Prince Dre fly to London or the UK or something? School, it was fun, but it took us, like, I'ma say, boom, I went to school in Grammar School, elementary school, I don't know, people call it different things. So I was, I went to school with the people, like, you probably had, like, LBG known, other sets that I was cool with. So, the first one was cool. Then people started, you know, we getting older, we choosing what size we were. Then once people started choosing their size, that's like high school, that's like when you mature. So then now we're in two of each other, boom, they on that side, we on that side. That's not true. That's not the real reason, though. I don't believe that, we've heard this story a thousand times of why the GDs and the BDs start beefing in Chicago while O-Block and Tukul will reveal start beefing. We know it already. It's over a female. Then y'all start, you know, everybody was cool at one point, right? This is what we all know, to be factual. We've heard it from both sides. Then something happened with a female, then all the beef started. It trickled down from there. But there's stuff that been going on from way far time with people. Yeah, well, yeah, of course. That's what they promised me when they growing up. So growing up in school, it was dangerous to, it wasn't probably dangerous to other people. But me and my life on looking back, it was dangerous. I'm getting shot at going to school, all that type of stuff. When you say you're getting shot at, how old was you at this stage? 12? Around that time probably. I was getting shot at in grandma's school then like eight grade, seven grade. 12? How old do you read in seven, eight grade? Probably like 12. Told you. He was getting shot at 12 years old. My best friend, he got killed. Eight grade, he was 12 years old. He got killed, been in drive-by. What was the circumstances? That's life in Chicago. But it's like the south side and the east side, even some of the west side, it's like they're not advancing with the rest of the city. You know what I'm saying? They just like, cause I feel like everybody is, every project building that was ever torn down, everybody just went over there. So like, they definitely don't got the same opportunities. Everybody out there robbing, stealing, shooting, killing. You know what I'm saying? The north side was just bad before too. But you know, they wasn't having that over on the north side. Literally, he was walking home or? No, no, no. My bad. It's my last boss. No, he was chilling in the hood. He was just chilling, yeah. Whoever they came to, they shot at him. And they killed him. Got hit in the head. And so yeah. And when that happened, did that change your mindset at all? Around that time. Stay strapped. I was really young in it.  Like I was, before I was rapping or anything. I thought I wouldn't go make it out at them times. I really wanted to kick it out. Doing drills at the age, just pop, peel, smoke. At 12? Yeah, 12, 13, yeah. So I guess prior to losing your friend, did you have aspirations of wanting to do other things, Oak? Yeah, around that time. Really my best friend, he wanted to make me rap. Cause he was doing like writing in school. Just, they was playing with it. So it made me, I'm like, I could do that. Then I was just playing at the time though. So when Chief Keef blew up, that's really when I pushed into it. Like dang, he did, he come from out from. Chief Keef gave the whole city hope. Every slum, every hood, every pocket in the city where nobody had anything. Like young, like he gave people hope. Like, oh man, people like me can really go out here and rap and get it. I can do it, too. That's why Chief Keef is a legend in the city. I don't care what nobody sees. Legend, Derry. Then what was you doing when you were 12? Like after eighth grade, what was you doing? Was you still in school at that age? Yeah, I went to school until my 10th grade, yeah. And how old is 10th grade here? It's what, like, 15, 16. So you dropped out of school at that age. And then what did you go over to do with your life? After that, I just was rapping. I was on the road with dirt. I was, I really was on the road by myself. I was just popping up the city as well, even then. Because my name was like ring around that time. And then touching back, how would you say it was growing up inside of Chicago as a child? Chicago is a gangster city. That's what we know from, like, Al Capone, the area where the Jaffa King died. So, like, my grandparents and daddy and mama was in the streets, so. That's the fact. That's really how I'd be in Chicago. Even in the summer of the suburbs, like, it's just, everybody was a gangbanger at some point. Like, my mom, my uncle, my uncles. It's really from my mom's side of the family. Like, they was thugging, thugging out here. They was black peace stones for my West stuff. I just was, I was around and young, like, riding with my daddy outside my mama's home. Like, I was born into it. So, growing up in Chicago was like normal. Well, what we thought was normal. Very normal. Everywhere the same thing going on, but what make us different in Chicago is we all gangs. It's like, basically what gang started at Chicago. We got gangs in California. But then the gangs that's in Chicago and California spread it out across the United States. Why do you think South Chicago has such a violent reputation? Why do you think South Chicago has such a violent reputation? My name is Tyler Devereaux. I'm inviting you to attend my... No, thanks, Tyler. Salute, though. In today's state, South side, it's starting. That's where the most violent shooter kills. And is that definitely the case? From the statistics, yeah. Then yes. And how dangerous would you say old block is? Old block, to me, is really like normal to me. It's normal because I travel. So I go places, I go to... Bro, teeth is blinding.  Whatever toothpaste you use, leave it in the comments or something like that. That mouth, the teeth is crazy. I go to dangerous cities, murder camps. So everything really the same to me is really everybody living the same lifestyle. So it was like no different from no else. Everybody in tour with each other, everybody killing, everybody dying somewhere else. Just like probably in London, it killing out there. Just everywhere the same. Just how the government and new people put us in these possessions to go against each other. As well, what are people's opinion just touching on the music there of UK Drill from coming from Chicago? Because of the... Am I opinion on it? Yeah, yeah, because I feel like Drill music was invented in Chicago and now it's pretty much gone global. No, you don't feel like it. You know that. Really, really... Drill, my first song that pushed me up was from somebody in the UK. He made the beat for it. Oh man, what's bro name? I can't even think of it. As well, going back. London always had that sound though. But he's super young, so he's younger. So it was like when he said somebody from the UK made the beat, makes sense, cause he's young. Chicago. Why is Chicago sometimes referred to as Chirac? Because of violence, it was once upon a time that the murder rate was higher than Iraq. Like the war out there. So that's how he nicknamed it, Chirac. Because of violence and the people that was dying. Then the people that was in the war, actually the war in Iraq, the numbers was way more than that. So that's how the Chirac come about. As well, touching about your school life, do you reckon if your best friend wasn't killed at 12, you still would have gone the direction that he did in regards to gang live shootings? Yes. If it wasn't for rapping, I think I'd be dead in jail for rapping really saved my life. I can truly say that even though I'm not at that point, like JZ or something like that, the bigger us, rap really saved my life. Real, real.  Like Lee, like they could really, like you cut down, you cut down somebody's music, that's their hard work. Like I'm pretty sure, like if an artist puts a video on YouTube and it gets taken down, they heart drop. Because that's hours of hard work sometimes. That's money that they put into it. That's like, oh man, this is fun to get me out of the hood and you just revoke that chance. It's tough. And do you really think you'd be dead now or potentially in jail if you didn't get into music? What if I didn't get into music? Yeah. What's the most extraordinary or unusual thing you've witnessed in South Chicago or all block itself? I went into so much stuff, man. I don't even know. Crazy thing, man, I was young.  He come up the street, block the street.  And I seen him hop out of the car. He getting that, he did what he did. That was some crazy stuff that I was doing. He can't even put it all the way out there. So he blocked up the street and he got out of the car. And he did what he did. And what did he do? He did what he did. He started doing what he was doing. I ain't gonna say what he did, but he did what he did. How do residents of all block or South Chicago feel about tourists visiting? Hey! What going on, y'all? And it just really depends on how they come about. Because with things going on in the world, people are into it and stuff. That's a fact. You really don't know, like.  So if somebody coming to the Vahn mural, I can, I understand what's 6th, 3rd and what they be doing over there.  First of all, they're gonna, who is that? Get on, bro, get on, bro, who is that? Like, because they don't know you, they at war. They don't know you, so it makes sense for them to do that. It makes sense for me, too, that they do that.  They come about, how they approach themselves, man. They know, it's all about how you approach them. There's a set of GDs and vice lords in East London. For real? It's just like me, I go places by myself, knowing I don't need... Hold on, man, my camera. Know these people.  They really adapt to me. If Olivia caught a taxi by herself to the South Chicago O-Block, what would happen? Like a regular lady. Yeah, yeah. She'll be good. It just really depends on how she's coming about. I think almost how you are, how you'll be good. It's just about how you are. You stand yourself and if you say, like, because her skin tone, her skin tone, she'll be good, she'll be good. She'll be good, she'll be good. She'll be good, she'll be good. She'll be good, she'll be good. She, her skin tone, white. So nine times out of ten, they gonna think there's a fan or they gonna think there's a police. Facts.  Double facts. So it's just all about how they approach the situation. As well, can you explain the meaning behind the gang signs that people throw? So you're telling me there's GDs, vice lords, and four corner hustlers in north, in East London. Those are three Chicago gangs. That's tough. Obviously we haven't, we obviously see all these things that happening in the UK, but it's almost the case I guess in this country, people can be killed for throwing up certain gestures with their hands.  People, nowadays it's just a lot of people saying it's me to say things or you really don't know what nobody's throwing up.  That's probably still going on in like Cali and stuff, but this generation, they don't care about none of that. And when you say GDs, BDs, what would they be? Because of my viewers might not have any idea with what that is. Now with different names, with Dan, people know I was gangster to side foods, black to side foods. I wanted to know if you watched Real Trap Law's recent video that he made on King Von, and what are your thoughts on it? I didn't see it, but I heard about it. What did you hear? They were trying to make it seem like he did something that... What was he like? Something you wouldn't know what he like? Yeah, yeah. Man, he was a good art person. He was mad, man, he was how he was on the internet. And he was, to me, like obvious to your girl, you're a different person there, which you'll be with your friends. So that's what everybody, everybody not to say, but they got the same attention, but they just not the same. Like, more with your girl, you'll be more soft, but with other people, you'll be more hard. But with me, though, he was, he was him, he was, he was, I don't say he was soft, but he was a good, hard person. And as well, when he did pass away, where was you and how did that affect you? I was around, it's still hurt, it's still hurt right now. It's all, all the loss has still hurt. Even before him, after him, they all hurt. How old are you? Me, 27. And how many friends have you lost? Oh, I don't know, I lost no, I lost count, man. That's it. I lost a lot, I lost count. A bit of a deep question, I guess, with your background. Would you say you're afraid to die? Originality is overrated, wanna cook some? No, it's not, originality is not overrated. Then, like 12 and that, no, I wasn't scared to die. Now that I got kids, I'm scared to die.  But as soon as you have a kid, it'd be over with, you see, I'm gone, goodbye. It matters now. And do you feel like your whole perception of that life?  Right. I'm just scared to leave my people alone. Yes. And what are people's perception in Chicago, say, of Chicago, of people in London? Because we always have this impression that I guess people in Chicago often think people in London are a bit soft and sweet. I promise you, before I even turned on the camera, I had no perception. Somebody asked me that on stream, I think. Like, what did you think of UK people before you, like, I had no perception? That it would be nothing, literally nothing, until I stumbled across. And I was like, oh, man, what's show? Is that still the case? Was that perception changed? I ain't never heard that London was soft and sweet just. The way y'all talk is more polite than what we talk. But I understand it differently because I'm a person that study and pay attention to everything. So our education was taken from us from, like, slavery and stuff. So in London, the way they talk is regular English. But us, we got messed up in English because we come from, y'all people from London, y'all people from Mexico, y'all people from all these different places. And they come and they don't have education because they're the took from us. So I don't think that y'all are soft. I just think y'all just talk different. And then the way y'all laugh is different from my loss. America made off guns. London can't have guns. But y'all are dangerous because y'all got swords and knives and stuff. Hey, why don't you say swords first? Hey. That's funny. That's funny.  That's a fact because you, I always said, when you stabbing somebody, you got to be built different because that's a different type of, you're a different type of dude. If you do that type of thing, I don't condone it, you two. I'm just saying. Stoppings in Chicago, at all. There's some. Me, I stabs them, I didn't do a lot to them. Me. But people, people are scared. You probably, they hear more of, like, Mexicans doing stabs. Yeah. Facts. Me, I don't care about stabs. I just wanted to talk about, I guess, guncourtry in general.  And it is that, don't you think that's a bit, I guess, yeah, to the average person, that's crazy. But I guess when you're in it, it's different. Like, you're saying, like, you're this close to somebody. Yeah, and just because he lives there, you now have a problem with him? No, I'm proud of him. The way it is, it's not really like, like, again, we come from America. America was taught wrong.  It's just like, even in Africa, right? They was, you got the black people that was selling the slaves to the people, to the Europeans and stuff. Prince Jerry, fake woke? So there's really no difference. I don't know where he's going with this right now.  Like, as they selling, they own people for money. So basically here, we're still in a trap, even though we don't know that we still got them in us, probably connected from Africa, but most some people is from Africa. They still got like they heritage ancestry in them. So, boom, it's in you to go against your own people still because it was been going on waiting for your time. Damn, we just... I'll let you know after this video. As hell on top of each other and come from projects and this, they broke up the projects and put everybody on these blocks. Now you, you was just in tune with them.  Now you on the same block. Well, you buy on this block and they on that block. Now you trying to figure out how you going to get some money because you're not in the projects on session they no more. So they is like crowds and bucket, like the New Orleans saying, now they fighting each other because they want this territory for their money. It was going on waiting for my time. It was waiting for my mom and daddy time, just how it was set up. Do you think that'll ever change? Do you see an end to the violence in sale? I don't think violence will never change. I don't think it won't be no killing without killing. And almost, don't even think the picture is a little bit bigger. So it's almost like people are kept in these blocks, in these environments. Like I feel like it's the... Yeah, it's almost the government's doing why people are still in these environments. Like there's not much help. I mean, because... Let me speak my truth right now. Like, yes, there is a bigger picture. But if you can't see that picture, then there is no bigger picture. It's people in Chicago or people wherever they from that have never left their, however big their neighborhood is, they've never left it, ever. I know people that have never left California. I know people that have never left Chicago. I know people that have never left their block. Like when you brought up like that, there is no bigger picture.  How? You know what I'm saying? What was the second thing? In these environments, there's not much help. Because they may say, like, racism over with, they ain't over with. It's still going. That's why they got us like this because they want us out of their way. Like, for instance, right? They don't really care about us killing each other. They need neighbors. Facts, that's why there's so many cold cases. I mean, in their environment, that's when they gonna make it public and try to get you cooking it. Friends, right?  Nine times out of ten, you gonna beat that case because they really not care about the case. But if we go to their territory, they gonna come get you cooking it. The suburbs. That's crazy. So it's almost like you're- That is a fact. That is a factual statement. If you do anything in the city, they really like, eh, eh. If you go to the North suburbs, South suburbs, West suburbs and do that same, if you had that same energy, oh yeah, you're getting booked that night. Over the weekend, you go on the court. You getting locked up the next week. Then your court case is probably the same week. And then you getting sentenced the next week. You're out of there. You're gone. Say good night. Life's worth nothing. I guess it's safe because there's been no hard investigation into finding what's happened. Yeah, so it's just set up like this. A lot of people don't understand that because they just stuck, still stuck in the trap. Yeah, that's a shame, man. It's literally a trap. It's a mental trap. They first, they trap you mentally.  And you really don't, you know, you good within the blocks. You don't really go venture out. Unless you find you a little female that's from somewhere else, and she take you out and she show you something different, that's really how you be going. Do you reckon that's ever, ever gonna change? Or do you reckon that's gonna be the... I don't think it's gonna ever change because a lot of people not waking up. Can't wake up. As well, Dre. What would you say is probably the biggest regret of your life? What if I told you for just a... Just like government aid. Government aid, section eight, or any of those things, you know, kept, it kept the man, it kept families, single households. It kept women in the household with their kids without a man because you couldn't get section eight. You could not get help from the government if there was a two parent household. So the man had to leave. The woman stayed with the kids and they got government aid. It was more beneficiary for you to be a single mother than to have a full household. It's part of the trap. I think it's almost still like that. Oh, man. I don't really got no regrets. I think life is less... I think everything happened for a reason, just to last, to learn from. What's the biggest lesson you've learned from so far? That's the biggest lesson I learned to stay me. That's the biggest, to stay yourself. Because a lot of people don't be that self. That's how they get eaten. The biggest lesson I learned is, people are only for you when it benefits you. It's the biggest lesson I learned. That don't change, period.  If somebody can't see the benefit in you, for what? For what? For what? There's no point to be around. And that's a tough cookie to swallow. There's no more genuineness out here. But real, a lot of people don't be that self. That's the biggest lesson I learned to stay myself. And what would you say is the worst memory of your life? The worst memory? Why am I blurry? I don't know. No, because every memory that's bad, it's the other side. What would you say is the best memory? The best memory? I don't know, I got to spend time with my kids together. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know, I got a lot of good memories. Bro, where did you see yourself in five years time? In five years? In five years, I'll be. I see myself a little comfortable. But why did you move out of Chicago? Why did I move out of Chicago? I know if I'm in Chicago still, I'm gonna be stuck in the same thing. I'm just gonna get pulled in. So it's really like you have to leave where you're from to make it. It's just to stay focused. I ain't gonna say that's what you got to leave to make it. You got to leave, like put yourself in a, say you in, I don't know, because it's different for other people. No, no, it's not. No, it's not. I think what he about to say is, Chicago, you're gonna, even if you're on to something in Chicago, even if you're bettering yourself, but you still hang around and saying people, that pool, even though you see a better opportunity, the pool of the streets and that other stuff you used to do, that stuff was fun. Hanging out on the streets, going to parties, totem guns to a Chicago dude, that's fun. And that pool is way stronger than even, even the greatest opportunity you see. You can throw it all away. You see job on it, right? Like I don't want, I hate to use bro as an example. That man has a $200 million NBA deal, all the endorsements that he can have, but the pool of the hood is just way stronger. And if you don't, if you're not around the right people, if you're not around the right environment, it'll get you. That's why you gotta relocate. You gotta relocate so you don't know nobody. You know what I'm saying? More opportunity, you can focus, lock in. So most people that go to jail, they are away from the streets. So basically they're away from Chicago. So that's like helped them, the isolation like really helped them figure out life.  So basically it's just like a. When I was in Chicago it was like a cloud was over me. I couldn't escape the cloud that was over me. No matter what I did, no matter what motion I had, I could not escape that cloud. I had to leave. Like it was almost depressing.  Like I gotta do this. Like this crazy. I can't walk my daughter to the corner store. Like what?  Like I can't even, this is too much. It really started hitting me when I had a child though.  It's just gonna have to do be done. Like, but like, man, you get to thinking when you got a kid. Like, yo, if I leave this earth, what's going to happen to my child? Like who's going to take care of much?   They're supposed to be there. No, everybody got their own thing going on. And just because my world ends, my life ends, I don't want my daughter's world to end. You know what I'm saying? So I'm just gonna stay alive. It's as simple as that and relocate. The violence is everywhere, but the chances of violence happening to a Chicago person that's from Chicago and you know, living in these socially or economically challenged areas, it's a lot higher. Isolation for me to stay folk. And if you had one wish as well, Dre, what would that be? So I would wish, I wish for a hundred billion dollars. But I would wish. And how different do you think your life would have been if you didn't move out of Chicago? I definitely would be. So if you never, if you never left. Yeah. I'll tell you, I'll probably still be in a trap. I still gotta keep coming because I gotta feel that, feel my arrival to keep me focused.  I'm out of there.   That's why I go places because it's almost like motivation. I still gotta go here to get the push. Like everybody go through like hard times and everybody go through emotional states.  Now I was really on just getting the love and seeing it and it just pushed me like I gotta get out of there. Every way you've been all these months. See, that's the difference though. I was, I had love in Chicago for a show, but it wasn't enough love to make me stay. It wasn't enough love. I would never choose to rack over my daughter never in life. Goodbye. You get me? My love is coming from the UK. And I can get that love remotely from anywhere. So goodbye. Where the capitals? The UK saved my life. Thank you. Where would you say all the locations is the most violent place that you have been? Chicago.  The New Orleans culture. The most different is the culture I've ever seen in my life. That's true. I guess that's why I love it because it's like they own world.  Yeah, so tell me about New Orleans. I love New Orleans. It's the coaches, the people really, the people really in the bucket. And the crowds in the bucket, they really in the drown and trying to get out. They just, they stuck in their way. They, I don't know, I love it because it's like motivation. It do seem like, I don't know if any of y'all ever been to New Orleans, it feel like it's a whole different world. It don't even feel like a part of the USA. So what to me about your chain? Chain, I got this from King Von, my brother. What would you say that means to you? To me?  Well, I know, I know bro with me all the time, but just tell me like he with me. And when you meet, I guess fans, they'll ask for a picture with the chain. What do you say? What did Taboo just say? When you meet, I guess fans, they'll ask for a picture with the chain. I'm sorry. If I had a whole block chain, if I was from out there, if I was anybody that had a whole block chain and a fan asked me, hey, can you take your chain off and put it on me and I take a picture with it? I might slap him. What kind of question is that? Like I look at him like, bro, are you dumb? I'm like, no. Mother could, I'm my family, you know. Yeah, family, but not, you know. Let me see the chain, let me see the chain. Kids, let me see the chain.  But kids though, yeah. And what kind of message, I guess, would you give to that next generation? Because I feel like if anyone can change the next generation, have some sort of influence, it'd be the older generation like yourself. So what kind of things would you be telling these 18-year-olds, 17-year-olds who are now, I guess, going through what you did 10 years ago? I don't know because... That's annoying. Everybody not to say, everybody don't think to say. That's something that I learned. Everybody do not think to say. So I can tell a kid, man, look, anybody I talk to a touch, they go, they grow. They listen to me. But they gotta know me to listen to me.  Just stay focused, don't fall into the trap. We all fail, most of us all fail from the trap. So I just tell the kids, just keep going, just stay focused in school. Whatever you want to do, stay focused on it. Because you only get one life, once there's a gun, you ain't coming back. So that's what I tell the kids, just stay focused. Don't fall into the trap. Yeah, so tell me, I guess, how the gang violence has changed from, I guess, 15, 10 years ago to now when you have, I guess, social media, because in the UK as well, when people kill people, it's often glorified now as well, and it's promoted heavily. Okay, it'll be everywhere on social media. Yeah, I guess, how has that changed over time?    I think somewhere along the line, the plot was lost. There's a lot of artists, like, before this generation, that was faking it until they was making it. They was talking about stuff they wasn't really about. They was glorifying stuff. And then, the people coming up, listening to them, like, oh, okay. Shoot, I'm really living this life. I'm really living that life. Or let me go really live that life and try to get on rapping now. I think that's where the plot was lost. And then you got the people that was fake living a life that was rapping about it, fake living a life that was rapping about it, moving into the new generation, with these people who was not, that are living a life and trying to get on. And now they're glorifying, they're really rapping about what they're really doing in real life. And it's just a trickle and downer for, like, man, I don't know what I was getting at, but it sounded good in my head. And then people, so, this generation feel like you gotta go to social media.  You would never know what I did or didn't do or you won't know because I'm not gonna glorify that.  That's just dumb. This generation is dumb. There you go, in a nutshell. And what would you say, because in the UK particular as well, drill music is often, I guess, demonized, like it's evil. Yeah, in the UK, I would say drill music is considered not a good thing by the masses because it often promotes violence. Jack, and that is the case. With the impact to my business and income, my return. I'm a lot of taboo, thugging with the inserts. Man, that's head of tool, like people say that drill music is devil and all that. But the people that are saying it is the people that put us in this situation to go through trauma, fight against each other. Like, we don't, as a whole, we don't know nothing because we were put in this situation. But do you think with drill music does promote violence? I don't think drill music promotes violence. Well, the way drill, drill music was started from people that are telling their life and their story.  We never knew what it was doing to the people until Keith took off. We never knew what the industry would do when they found out that that sales. The industry would bring somebody in, turn them into a drill rapper, that ain't a drill rapper. Yeah, just talk about this, man, whatever, talk about it.  White Slim Jesus, remember him? Example A. And I was rapping, I wasn't doing it because I'm finna talk about this, I just was rapping because I'm like, dang, he did, I couldn't do it. I could tell my story, I could tell my story because we all got stories right here. People do it now because they was doing it but they thought we was just doing it for that but people really was going through this stuff. So now, like it's a lot of people that don't even be on that now. See? And then that's why I leave the niggas be dying too quick because they don't really know how to move before they even start talking about this and that. Man, how could you talk about this and that? You got a job, you got it, like I learned my lesson, like going to school, getting shot at into a thing.  They wouldn't go in to school. We think we can't get caught going to school.  Think I'm gonna know it. So. A dude I was acquainted with died like that. He was involved. He had a nine to five.  That's why gangsters can't have no nine to five. You just gotta be a gangster full time if that's the life you're choosing. E, coming back to Chicago whenever you do come back, is there still certain areas that you can't go? Would you feel free to go anywhere in Chicago? RIP. Chicago you like? Man, it's really like everywhere, everywhere, not just Congress, the place that it's just about how you move and how you come about with the situation. We really can go anywhere we wanna go. My understanding is that all blocks opposite is mainly 63rd. So could you walk through 63rd without no consequences? Could I do it? Yeah, yeah. And now, at this stage in your life? No, because if I'm just walking, just walking and they go, oh, they go, get them.  That's crazy, but. That is not, okay, I guess it is crazy to the average, but nah, just because you on a different path in life, that don't mean your past has changed. They still want you even more now.  Well, go meet them. That's really what they be on, okay? At the same time, what I can go, yeah, like I can do whatever I wanna do, but what I do that, do a dumb move like that, nah, I ain't doing that. Because I feel like the people who I've spoken to in Chicago, the older demographic, I guess have the same impression as you in the sense that, I guess, they're not really trying to promote that kind of lifestyle anymore. Like it's almost like you're trying to change the narrative to some degree. Like it shouldn't be shooting, it shouldn't be killing, which I guess is strange because I guess the 18, 19 year olds coming up now, they're constantly just promoting everything, like the lyrics, especially in the UK. The older generation now that used to rap like that, they understand the plot, that was messing up their money. So they're trying to backtrack it and walk it down so people will see like, oh, okay, he changed it. Let's book him now, book him for this, book him for that. Now the pocket books are back open. When you listened to Jalal Eswar in 1921, it's very self-incriminating.  I can't say stop the violence, I'm still talking about violence. Do you think your lyrics would influence again the next generation? See, that's how I come about. I'm trying to influence. I'm trying to tell you this, it ain't right. This is not what you think. You can lose your life like that. This is take two, one, zero seconds, man. That's how I come about.  I want you to go make it out. What about a surprise, Erica, and that answer? WKG ad, we still skipping it, doesn't matter. You get me. That's just how I am. I want you to make it out. I don't want it to keep going with young people. I want you to make it out, too. But I also want you to be living reality. Be, know what's around you and know what you got to do. But also stay focused on your future. That's crazy, that's a crazy statement, I just, let me just. People, I got kids growing up. You think I want them to fall into the trap now? When you say that, fall into a trap, what does that mean? You already explained it, didn't you? Fall into a trap. Be stuck in, with my dog, say, environmental trap. Hey, is it cringey when I say you get me? So basically, in the private trap of what the government set out, they set the trap out with the cheese and they wanted to all fall in and we all fell in. I don't want the kids to grow up to be what we did or seen. As well, right, talk to me about Chicago slang. Since I've been here, everyone keeps saying bet. Bet? I've never had that. Oh, he's in Chicago. What's the taboo room? Hey, I hope you get some good interviews while you or did get some good interviews. Unless you were having a bet in the shop as a gamble. Bet me, like, I, okay. Yeah, yeah. If you be like, I'm on such and such screen and I tell you I bet. I mean, just okay. Yeah, it just means okay. I mean, I use that word a lot. I know of whoever watches my channel or I use bet, I think that's the top three words in my vocabulary is bet. Basically, okay. Yeah, it's like, okay. I think, is it back door? I think Wayne sent me a message saying, that's what back door means. Back door, back door just basically means. Set up. A snake. It's really in truth. My first time hearing back door was in St. Louis. It's just a quick one as well, on St. Louis, over there. St. Louis? St. Louis. St. Louis, wild too. East St. Louis is wild too. It's been busting too. Yeah. It's been on murder rates since back then in the 80s, 90s. St. Louis, another place where there was, I used to be there a lot too, a bit of vibe. All these murder capitals seem to have the same thing in common, that everyone there is black. Damn, tap. Because everybody is still in the trap. We is all in the trap. It's no different from an old block. It's no different from a Magnolia, no Calio, no these projects, no Cabrini Greens, these blocks. We is no different from nobody else. We all stuck in the trap.  Truly, I ain't out, but I'm put out. It's a good little interview, man. That's all right. TLO, leave a like, comment, subscribe, turn on your post notifications. I'm gone.


When you leave for a trip, do you pack a lunchbox or a cooler? The amount of food that you will pack depends on what type of trip you're taking. How long will you be gone? Will you be able to stock up along the way? Seeds must also do this on their journey through dormancy and germination. Unlike us, they are not able to stock up along the way with food. Seeds come in all shapes and sizes. Their shape and size are adaptations to dispersal and how much energy it will take to feed the seed through dormancy and until it can germinate and start producing food through photosynthesis. Large seeds have packed a whole cooler full of food. That way they can be planted deep and take their time getting to the surface. Small seeds have only packed a small lunchbox so have to be planted near the surface or they'll run out of food before producing green shoots. Why wouldn't large seeds survive best when also planted near the surface? Seeds can pack food but not water for their trip. Before seeds germinate, they must soak in half their weight in water. If the big seed is deeper, it is more likely the seed will get soaked and stay wet throughout germination. Seed size or shape will give you a long history about a seed's adaptations to its surroundings if you take the time to listen. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Brian Sebade, Exploring the Nature in Wyoming.


A non-governmental organization is advocating the integration of technology into teaching in overcoming challenges in schools in Nigeria in this modern area. Speaking to the media, a co-founder of the organization explained the importance of this new teaching technology and its benefit to teachers and students in the country. So when we bring technology into schools by making it accessible, by making the teachers themselves understand how to use the technology. Because we know that these children, they learn way faster than the rest of us because they have grown up with it, they have been born into it. So for them it is second nature. So part of what we're here to do today is to make sure that all those children, those technologies, is made available to every child in Nigeria and in Africa, able to utilize it so that by the time they finish their education they can compete with the best in the world anywhere in employability or in starting their own businesses in creating solutions to problems, no matter what it is. Locally around us here with power generation or worldwide in drones, in apps, in health, in farming, in health, no matter what it is. keynote speakers at the event expressed satisfaction at the concept of a program while also expressing optimism that it will further enrich the educational system in the country. Participants also spoke on the importance and advantages of technological innovations to teaching and impact on schools. The children are being exposed to technology every day. But in the classroom where they should have a first time exposure to these things, technology seems to be missing. So the objective here is to let the school owners know that it is time to just embrace technology because it has come to stay and it would not relent, it will not force, it will not root for anybody. So the earlier they begin to embrace technology, the better for themselves as school owners and also for the children who are learning in their schools. So we want to make this something that is a continuous learning experience for both ourselves at Domena and also for the schools. So we plan to have this during the holidays, both the eastern holiday and the summer holiday. I think most of what has been reiterated is the importance of blended learning which has come to stay and the truth is that it's the future and we all can't shy away from it. We just have to embrace it and put in every effort that is needed to continue to evolve because the evolution on this side of the world is very slow. But like I was chatting with another school owner friend of mine inside and we were talking about all the issues that are slowing us down on this side of the world. But I still had to tell her that no matter how many the issues are, we still can't afford to stop. We still need to continue to look for how to navigate overcoming those issues because this is the future.


This is the VOA Special English Technology Report. ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, has released a list of proposed new domain names. A generic top-level domain, or GTLD, is the part of an internet address after the dot, like .com or .org. Currently, there are 22 of these top-level domains in use, but there soon could be as many as 1,000 or more. Rod Beckstrom is president of ICANN. He says the organization received almost 2,000 requests for new domains during the application period, which ended in May. He called the release an historic day for the internet and for more than 2 billion people around the world who depend on it. He said the internet is about to change forever. More than 900 of the requests for new generic top-level domains came from North America. Only 17 were from Africa. Each application required a payment of $185,000. Some businesses like Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, and Google applied for domain name extensions. .app was one of the most sought-after names. ICANN received 13 requests for the right to own that one. There were 3 applications for .dog, but none for .cat, .love, .wedding, .sexy, and .porn also made the list of proposed top-level domains. But Mr. Beckstrom says no names are guaranteed. These are just applications that are not yet approved, and some may not be. In his words, none of them will enter the internet until they have undergone a rigorous, objective, and independent evaluation. ICANN began a 60-day comment period when it released the list in June. It also began a 7-month objection period. ICANN spokesman said this is for anyone who wants to oppose an application for a domain name. The spokesman said objections will be decided in a formal, independent, dispute resolution process. ICANN says it will begin processing the applications for new top-level domain names in batches of 500 at a time. The first group is not expected to begin operating until the first part of 2013. ICANN will approve no more than 1,000 new generic top-level domain names each year. ICANN apologized for accidentally publishing some of the contact details of those requesting new domains. ICANN admitted placing the mailing addresses and contact information for some individuals on its website. The group has since removed that information. For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn Presuti.


My name is Milko Aksic. I came from the, let's see, from the Ruzier Boskovich Institute, which is the National Institute for Research in Old Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Medicine. So we have a good environment to do many applications. And my field of work is mostly application of IMB accelerators. You have last week probably several lectures describing IMB analysis and also you visited Ljubljana, which is facility that has very similar capabilities as we have. And you also listened about PICSA, RBS, these classical IMB analysis techniques. So my task was to try to find some special topics in IMB analysis. And today I will speak about the secondary and mass spectrometry technique, which is the only one, almost the only one, IMB analysis technique that can analyze molecules. So this is the outline of the talk. I will speak a little bit about IMB micropro, but you visited microbeam in Ljubljana, so this is quite similar. And I think even they have very similar equipment as we have concerning mass spectrometry. I will speak a little bit about interaction of heavy ions of the MEV energy range with material. And about this secondary and mass spectrometry, some examples and also some conclusions. And at the end I will give you some information about the access to accelerator facilities. Okay, so as most of my work is connected with micro probe, so that we are using focused ion beams, I will just try to give few basics of way how the ion beam can be focused to very small dimensions. Normal focusing of charged particles like electron microscope are using solenoid lenses, but unfortunately to focus any of the ions because of their mass you cannot use solenoid lenses because of that the only way or the best way to do focusing is using quadruples. And if you consider quadruple, one quadruple is actually focusing only in one dimension, so you have to have two quadruples, at least two quadruples in series in order to get finally focused ion beam. I mean, in all the accelerators you have a lot of quadruple systems that focus the beam for beam transport system. In the case of micro beam, it is important to have very clean quadruple field and many other requirements, but basically if you have some systems you can put it some kind of lens and the performance of the system will be mostly defined by the magnification. So if you have opening of the slit, let's say like a source, you have some square or aperture of let's say 100 by 100 microns. If you have the magnification of 100, then after this lens at very short range here, you may have 100 times less dimensions of the beam. So basically if you can put current of let's say 1 nanohm or 100 picohms into this field, all of these ions will come to the very, very small dimensions. Of course, ion beam focusing is very difficult because of many other things that one has to take into account. Ion source is important, of course the net current is also important. The aberrations of the elements involved are important, vibrations, misalignment, distances, this distance and this distance, vacuum and so many different things have to be taken into account, but I will not have time to do much about that. I'll just give you maybe an example of the traces of the ions that go through the system of let's say 2 quadruples or 3 quadruples. In the most simple way, you just focus, this is the doublet, so this is just like this configuration. First quadruple focus the beam, the second one is defocusing, this is X and this is Y, so X and Y. And depending on the ratio between the working distances, you can calculate somehow the magnification. In this particular example of very old picture from 30 years ago, this was in Heidelberg system which was very short, but today if you have doublet maybe you can use 6 meters or so and then you have the magnification of the order of 10 to maybe 50. But so far the Oxford couple triplet seems to be the best configuration and most of the microbeams in the world are using this kind of arrangement. There are certain varieties of this system that to display this quadruple a little bit further and then you can get higher the magnifications. But for a moment we don't need to go into details of the way how this is done. You just consider that at the end basically you have something like one micron focused beam. It's a triplet made by differences which are not equal. Yeah, this is probably one of the unique examples because two quadruples are from Oxford company both and the final one is from Melbourne. The reason for that was first that we didn't have money at the beginning so we bought just two but one of the important parameters to get high the magnification is this distance and Oxford lenses cannot be used to make a very short focus but these lens from Melbourne have a cut pole so you can go with the detector from the side. But essentially the important part is the same so the distance is 10 centimeters of each the distance between the poles is the same so essentially they look outside different but they are physically point of view the same only two power sources. One power source is for this and one for that. So because of this final lens we have only working distance of 11 centimeters because we could come with the quadruple much closer to the center of the chamber which is spherical here you'll see later. So this is the chamber we have. So this last lens you can even maybe see the conical shape of the chamber so that the pole can come very close to the center of the chamber. But you have seen the microbeam how this actually works. If you have some detector you collect the product of this detector you connect some certain energy or some certain product with the position which is determined by the scanner coils and by data acquisition you select all the peaks whatever the detector is to some images of the property that you actually looking with the detector. In this case this is particularly the use extra emission but any other detector RBS gamma ray whatever you are using you can create in the same way these images. So one thing which is when you are doing ion beam analysis you have to try to take all the possible processes into account and try to get the best about the sample on the basis of the product or on the basic of this interaction. So if you look at the stream traces of the ions that go through the material you see that the majority of events is ionization and only very few at the end of the scattering with nuclei not in terms of nuclear reaction but just the scattering of atoms together so they are just I don't know the best word but they are displaced actually they are displaced from the position these green parts are displaced of atoms from their original position. So if you look at the end you have this final green is distribution of defects which is always at the end of the range and then you have ionization and the curve depends really on the energy in this case we have oxygen of 4 MeV so majority of the ionization is similar over the depth if you look at the let's say protons you'll have this break peak at the end which is similar close to the break this damage profile peak. If you go to the different processes you can combine them let's say all those that are based on the elastic scattering you have rather for best scattering and elastic here they call detection so this is the elastic scattering of the target ion with the nuclei if you make ionization then you can create inertial ionization and create x-ray spectrometry or if you create some nuclear reaction this is a big end on a nuclear reaction analysis but there is also one technique that relies on the ionization which is scanning transmission ion microscopy if the sample is in some relative thin you can by placing detector here you can measure energy loss in this part I'll tomorrow say something about that but all these processes are not sensitive to molecular content of the ions of course there are some effects in a pixel spectroscopy the x-ray lines are a little bit distorted there are some fine structure of the K-beta, L-beta lines and where you can maybe say something about molecular structure but in terms of analysis of molecules none of these techniques can make this so I'll go now back to the smaller energies to this energy loss curve and to this particular part where the nuclear stopping means scattering bit nuclei are the highest so these are few Kv region I think that this is some heavy ion like xenon or something like that and if you look at this part what is nuclear stopping means that the primary ion makes a lot of scattering with the surface layer of the sample and some of these ions are ejected into the system, into the vacuum but if you make not just one ion but you have beams of heavy ions of Kv region you are making such a huge interaction with the surface that it spatters away part of the sample so it is like a drill it is spattering material from the surface unfortunately in mass, secondary ion mass spectrometry which is based on this principle you create a lot of different ions so these are not necessary molecules these are individual atoms these could be fragments of the molecules or in very, very few cases they can be molecular ions and if you look at the system this secondary ion mass spectrometry seems to be a basically tabletop instrument with the ion gun from the side you have a sample and then you have spectrometer you are first pulsing the beam over the aperture you are sending the beam very well focused to the sample and then you have extractor which is few kV potential that will suck in the ions into the spectrometer so these ions that I extracted are going to this ion mirror and are reflected to the detector and once you have a pulse from the beam goes through this aperture the time starts and in spectrum you are having different times when the ion will arrive so this is time and as you are going further in time you are having heavier and heavier fragments coming to the detector the problem is in top species that you have a huge amount of peaks in some cases this is a very nice technique the majority of cases this is really excellent technique and can be used in different applications but if you are looking at some organic molecule which is large big molecules you will have in this case this is polyethylene some organic compound only this peak belongs to the whole molecule all other peaks belong to the fragments like this part is green this orange one is this peak and all these are different fragments of the molecule so in order to analyze this spectrum you really need a lot of experience a lot of databases and to explain the system so yeah oops now what is that sorry yeah student can you explain about the mechanism of extractor and ion mirror in this part okay so you have short pulse of the beam beam goes through this is scanning through the aperture so in certain point defined by one nanosecond let's say you have now ions are going through when this ion goes through you hit the target and you extract you eject a lot of atoms from the surface and then you apply 5 kilowatts let's say negative to attract positive ions and they become they start to fly in this tube when they come here to the this mirror electrostatic mirror this is probably so if we have positive ions it will be positive they will be reflected to the detector I will later explain why this is needed let's now consider that we have just detector here so the start probably this is hydrogen the first ion that can come will be hydrogen it's just proton it will be fastest to come and then later on comes heavier and heavier fragments which are slower so we are measuring this is time of light and then as they are coming more peaks are forming and then you have of course repetition many times many times hundreds, thousands of times in one second to do so so actually here is you are from Lebanon but the first time I belong to Sully you know him about 1999 proposed to buy mass spectrometer for accelerator in Lebanon I said come on why you need mass spectrometer for accelerator but he was right unfortunately because of situation Lebanon that was never purchased but that was the first idea that I heard about to do mass spectrometer with accelerator and later on I'll explain in next slide maybe I can skip to now okay I will come to that later on so what about MED ions can these MED ions also do the same so the difference between KV ions that are sputtering this material and MED ions is that nuclear stopping is completely low so the probability to scatter whole atoms is very low but we have extremely high electronic stopping power which means that a lot of ionizations are made and this is big difference you know this is like every ion will create let's say iodine of energy of one MED per ammeter so let's say 120 MEDs iodine will create 10,000 charge pairs in one nanometer so this is a huge concentration of charge and this effect can maybe give us some way how to ionize the whole molecule so what is going on this is a slide about radiation damage in material by arms but what I wanted to show is this one when you have heavy arms going through the material it creates a lot of ionization so this is also one kind of artistic image of what is going on when this heavy ion goes through and one of the first application of this property is that if you are going through the let's say organic material you create almost holes so you create a lot of damage in very very narrow tube along the way that ion is going through so this process could be the basis of analysis of masses so what is going on the first mass spectrometer based on heavy ions is PDMS maybe 30 years ago so 74 so even more californium source produce a lot of fission fragments with the energies of about let's say 70 to 100 MEVs so these are huge energies and when these energies come to the sample ions from the surface, molecular ions from the surface are disorbed and they are again accelerated to the detector so this is something similar as today's technique MEV sims 2009 MEV sims, Japan Kyoto University this was the first accelerator based mass spectrometer so in this year I reminded discussion with Bilal who had the same idea 10 years before so that was unfortunately never completed idea but I admire him very much because he had excellent idea to make something that later on showed to be quite successful anyway, instead of the radioactive source from Japan used heavy ions for the accelerator, microbeam, the sample and a very simple mass spectrometer the same kind of spectrometer we made also in a few years later and I'll explain you how this is done in our case so you have the beam coming from the accelerator, here are lenses that focus the beam to the sample, here is the scanner but here is a beam chopper, this beam chopper consists of two deflectors, one in X and one in Y so what computer control we made, the kind of circle that pulses are going through the slits you have here the slit, you have the reflector, there are another pair of slits here so the beam is moving in this way and only every 100 microseconds you have a pulse of 2 nanoseconds wide so in 2 nanoseconds actually you don't have a lot of ions, if you look at this kind of animation or slide that if you take, that you have here 100 picombs 100 picombs is 620 ions in 1 microsecond, so if you want to have 2 nanoseconds you'll have just 1 ion per nanosecond so when this beam is scanning over the aperture basically you'll have 1 or 2 or 0 ions in pulse but as this time is very well determined by 2 nanoseconds when such a beam, when this moment occurs, we have a start signal for the data acquisition so this start is coming from the beam chopper and the stop will be the ion that will come to micro channel play detector after extracting and flying all the way to the detector one can do one up and down and this is possible but as we were having heavy ions the vacuum in our system was not sufficient so basically you have all the time some beam halo so maybe 1% of ions will go through the system in any time so you have to increase as much as possible deflection to get rid of beam halo, even today we have problems with beam halo when we decrease so this is the kind of main reason to go as far away as possible so then you have this mass spectrometer you have so the in our chamber you have this extractor and then time of light and here is micro channel plate, so this is this extractor, some lenses is 400 mm so this is the flight to the micro channel plate, in this case we don't have this reflection another thing which is very important that when you're looking the capabilities of MEV sims in terms of analysis of the masses quite well positioned for ions between let's say 101,000 maybe a few more thousand KV sims is optimal for very low masses and then there are this Maldi very very commercial, very very used in biomedicine field spectrometer that covers all the very very heavy molecules but the problem of Maldi is that it needs some kind of sample preparation as it works with laser light evaporates part of the sample and then you analyze the masses but this is destructive technique and this is also destructive, only this one is almost not destructive because the ions are very very rare and another point is that the efficiency is very high so molecular yield for this leucine molecule is about 1% which means that you need 100 ions to get one ion out and this is extremely very sensitive because then if you have let's say femtomp current femtomp is 6000 ions per second you'll have let's say 60 events in one second and if you remember the pixel currents this is femtoms so femtoms don't do anything with the sample so sample is essentially non-destructive technique so this is our first try by scanning over some kind of leucine target which was deposited above the grid so there is no sample here and sample is in this region so we made a scan, we get the spectra this is a different, this is a mass of the molecule, see the highest peak is just a clear molecule and these are multiple so two molecules, three molecules, four and so on and unfortunately the resolution was not that good, it was two by five microns because you have to start with very high current but nevertheless we did a lot of different applications one of them is imaging, for instance this is imaging this was one cross section of the pigments in painting so you could see different masses that are connected to different areas of the sample so one can find the binders or pigments from one single sample another application was that you can identify if you have two inks, for instance you have one line with one ink, another line with another ink, you can determine which ink is at the surface on the basis of analysis of this, see this blue one is over the red one here, this is one article about this application and then we did a lot of different examples, this is like a finger print finger print I think and you can get a lot of different peaks, the problem with the M&V Sims is how to identify all this zoo of so many different peaks which is very difficult to interpret but there are some possibilities so this is one project that we were doing two or three years ago is about analysis of pigments in modern paints and these modern paints are often degrading by time so they were looking for what is going on with different kind of pigments by different times and what were some of these pigments were, this is just identification of different pigments, I will not go into details because this is very difficult to interpret the chemistry so we need the chemist bio, we are physicists, we don't really like such a complicated spectra but ok, we found some chemists that are working with and then we made different tests you can see for instance that this yellow paint was aged by UV light for let's say two months, four months and so the picture the green color became yellow blue became too yellow so they are changing the color and you can see that some of the peaks by this aging are becoming bigger and some of them are becoming smaller so this indicates persons that are knowing these things what is going on the problem that we have is this better resolution so we wanted to find some way that we can improve resolution in terms of spatial dimensions so then we came to one idea that we can use that we can analyze by Toph Sim's technique samples that are very thin so if we don't pulse the beam but we pass the beam through the sample to the pin diode to the detector, this detector can give you a star signal and then the stop signal will give you a micro channel plate in this way we obtain much better spatial resolution it was below one micron so this 0.3 microns was probably the best I think nobody repeated that good resolution with MEV sims so you can really come to the point where you can analyze very small sample and as we are going to these small sizes we try to analyze individual cells and of course again we are physicists, we don't have biologists around and then we just took from Ornian school example of the cells and we try to analyze this sample and indeed we could see this individual cell, there we obtain some spectra of some different elements and these are sodium so you can see also that you can make elemental analysis, very sensitive elemental analysis this kind of sodium image cannot be done by pixels with such small current so this is extremely useful for sodium, potassium and calcium and so on but also proteins can be imaged, the only problem with the molecules is that you are not actually analyzing cell inside but you are analyzing cell membrane because the ions don't go through they go through but they will not emit ions so certain sample preparation will be needed to cut, maybe to freeze down and then to make real analysis of the cell nucleus let's say If possible, if you are making, all experiment was made at the same time, I mean with the same manuals you may ask them on the time of play because there is an efficiency of one and the time of play with a line of one meter should have a very low efficiency because most of the ions you are not going to receive it in the... Oh no, no, no, this one percent efficiency is the efficiency in the spectrometer, not emitted so if you have one, let's say that we have this load scene sample from the before okay, I have to go too far away yeah, anyway so one ion, so we need 100 ions to eject one molecule of load scene that will go into spectrometer so if you want to get one x-ray from sodium you need one million of ions, one billion of ions to go through the sample in order to make ionization, in this case you need just 100 there are some molecules that you can easily, two or three ions that will emit, so this is really sensitive and okay, maybe later I can explain you more details anyway, this is just possibility that we can analyze single cells, but there are still some disadvantages anyway, we try to do also some analysis of cancer cells with the biologists in our institute and this will really analyze some oh, this is cancer cell and this is single cell sodium, potassium, lipid, okay, just feasibility study we don't know much about the biology of the system, but basically we prove the proof of concept that we can do analysis of single molecules how did you prepare the sample this is in the vacuum, so we first dried, so this sample is a position at very thin silicon nitride foil, very thin foil they evaporate, just make dry put it in a vacuum and then analyze, so this is essentially not biologists will not do that in that way, biologists will probably freeze make a cut, do a lot of chemistry I don't know, and then maybe we can do that, so this is kind of how physicists look like, simplify the system but okay, I think proof of principle was made and there were also some advantages, so another thing which we were trying, in our system you see this is our accelerator, the microbeam is here so at the microbeam we cannot bend very heavy ions from accelerator to this beam line, so because of that we try to get the beams of very heavy ions to the central beam line and on this central beam line we don't have micro boroprop, but we have capillary capillary focus, so you see there is a needle glass capillary with very small exit foil, so we can put the beam into this space and by doing this, so this is that one we could scan the sample over the capillary and we can make images from the sample, why we do that because very heavy ions produce even much higher sensitivity, probably one to one and this is this large ion can be used for that, and in addition of this system, we put this reflector on geometry, spectrometer now I will try to explain why we need the reflection so this is the chamber, the beam comes from that side and then you have this spectrometer, so here is the sample and imagine that you have two molecules of the same weight, but because of the interaction they may have different energy they could get energy from the, while the surface, so the faster the faster ion will go further into this reflector on electrostatic mirror while the slower particles will go shallower but at the end by proper adjustments of the geometry and voltages both of ions will come to the same time at the end and what this happens so this green peak was the peak from the previous spectrometer where we didn't have this reflection and now with this new spectrometer in this one peak we could identify four different masses, so this is much better energy resolution actually timing resolution, so this spectrometer is very very useful because it changes by factor of 10 resolution to much better here is also some another example where we try to compare again the problem of the physics which printing here is at the surface, as you know that if you are working with pixie, pixie will integrate almost everything and you will not be able to see from pixie images what is on the top, so we use MEV sims but the problem with MEV sims was another one that we again had thousands of peaks, so we have a PhD student Marco Barats and Catherine Moore, they developed principle component analysis and displayed the different components of this mathematical procedure to different images while scanning of different components and each component consists of tens of peaks, not just one peak so in that way this is done much better and this is just the description of the same thing with pixie pixie integrates all the contribution from all the layers and you cannot distinguish them, although there are possibilities in x-rays like silicon or sodium which are absorbed because of their low energies and this is the same thing done of two different lines from the printer so you can see in this case we have inkjet is this one, this is laser so this is laser jet and this is inkjet line, so obviously the laser one is at the top okay and these are principle component maps, this is not a single element map but a physical component of component that take both pixel spectra and spectra from the map sims okay and the same problem appears in another project we had we tried to collaborate with some biologists to establish can MEV sims indicate when they are better created so we did a lot of analysis of different blood glucose levels in mice and you have a lot of different spectra, of course you cannot distinguish anything from this spectra without the computer so there was again some multiviral empirical base and time series analysis, I never heard about that but basically a student works on that and I will show you the results so these are, this is a graphical presentation of different peaks, these are different peaks in spectrum so each of the lines is different peak, this is control and this is deceased mice the thing is that these evens in these peaks are predicting that the high glucose level, this is the time, you see, so when the mice shows that there is the bitis, this is this time but these peaks suggested that even before illness developed, you see some new or some different pattern in peaks so this was I think one of the first works where actually you could predict that somebody will develop the bitis so this is running on research but obviously mathematical analysis of all these large number of data is quite important okay so these are some conclusions about MEV sims, I will not go, okay I can try to oops, what is this, yeah so if you have accelerator, if you have a microbeam I mean MEV sims is not very difficult part to add so one can say that it is cheap relatively because if you look at the Maldi MEV sims, KV sims is a half a million or million euro instruments but if you already have accelerator I think that this is a very, very good application we presented different kind of applications, one of some of them can be used and we could also show that we could have very high spatial resolution so I think I spoke enough about MEV sims at the end I will just show you a little bit about our laboratory so we have two accelerators, one is small and another one is very old 6 megawatt tandem hopefully we will replace it with the new accelerator soon these are the beam lines that we have and from the point of view of the whole laboratory I could say that our beams can provide plenty of unique information and unique samples so in addition to classical IBA techniques we have this new MEV sims and also which I will speak more tomorrow about single line techniques which you can characterize charge transport property, crystal structure, density and so on and the final two slides are dedicated to our target room, it has a lot of different chambers some of them are pretty unique, one of them is dual beam irradiation stations, as we have two accelerators we can irradiate a sample with two beams at the same time, so two of them for fusion materials, we have time of light Erda which is a very, very useful machine and the capillary micro problem and the other micro problem here one of the very important things for accelerators is to have enough users, in our case we have now we are part of the Radiate Consortium so mostly European researchers but also there are possibilities from non-European can propose the project through this Radiate Consortium and get the free beam time at our accelerator and in addition there is a Central European Research Infrastructure Consortium which is institution based in Trieste in Sigrotron and through this Eric we can also provide beam time and finally probably you heard about that, that Atomic Energy Agency is having CRP about access to different accelerators around the world and we are also part of this CRP and hopefully I think we will have the first run through this CRP in November and hopefully this will go further because I think there is not enough possibilities for people from developing countries where there is not enough facilities even if there are accelerators, techniques are different from different laboratories so you can probably find different labs with different capabilities and that's our group in Zagreb behind us is Accelerator and we are funded by several of the projects of European Union at the Atomic Energy Agency.


Arizona State Supreme Court ruled that a near total abortion ban, literally from the Civil War era, can take effect, albeit in 14 days. Now as a result, the state's Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate, Kerry Lake, is in full blown panic mode because she's trying to feign outrage about this ruling while simultaneously purporting to be against abortion. It's bizarre, but we'll talk about her disingenuous tap dance in a moment. First, I do want to get to this decision from the state Supreme Court because it is incredibly draconian. NBC News reports the ruling allows an 1864 law in Arizona to stand that made abortion a felony punishable by two to five years in prison for anyone who performs one or helps a woman obtain one. The law, which was codified in 1901 and again in 1913, outlaws abortion from the moment of conception but includes an exception to save the woman's life. That Civil War era law enacted a half century before Arizona even gained statehood was never repealed and an appellate court ruled last year that it could remain on the books as long as it was harmonized with the 2022 law, leading to substantial confusion in Arizona regarding exactly when during a pregnancy abortion was outlawed. The decision, which could shutter abortion clinics in the state, effectively undoes a lower court's ruling that stated that a more recent 15-week ban from March of 2022 superseded the 1864 law. As I stated, it wouldn't take effect for 14 days because this is going to be shot back to a lower court where they can iron out any other constitutional issues. But the silver lining is that the state's Democratic Attorney General, Chris Mays, has said pretty clearly she is not going to enforce this law. Writing on Twitter, quote, As long as I am Attorney General, no woman or doctor will be prosecuted under this draconian law in this state. Now she also pointed out that this law wasn't just imposed before Arizona's statehood during the Civil War, but at a time when women weren't even allowed to vote. And this really says a lot about the state's Republican-dominated Supreme Court, because they long for the days when women were property and couldn't vote, and they really want to bring back the days when men had total control over the bodies of women. Now if you vote for Republicans, you are effectively endorsing that draconian ideology. Many of them won't say that explicitly, but their actions indicate that this is what they long for. Now people also pointed out that this decision highlights how important elections are, including Attorney General races that people usually don't pay much attention to, because Chris Mays won her last election by just 280 votes. Had those 280 people stood home and not voted, her Republican opponent would have won, and likely would have enforced this law. So the people of Arizona really dodged a bullet there. Now we're going to get to Carrie Lake in a moment, but first I want to talk about her former opponent, Katie Hobbs, who's now the governor of Arizona, who came out swinging against this decision, saying the following at a press conference. It is a dark day in Arizona. Just now the Arizona Supreme Court issued its opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Mays, upholding one of the most extreme abortion bans in the country. And while it is currently stayed, we continue to live under an unacceptable ban, a law that still strips Arizonans of their personal autonomy and has no exceptions for women who are the victims of rape or incest or any regard for pregnancy complications. Let me be clear, Arizona's 2022 abortion ban is extreme and hurts women. And the near total civil war Arab ban that continues to hang over our heads only serves to create more chaos for women and doctors in our state. Yeah, everything she said was spot on. And I feel like the lack of exceptions for victims of rape and incest is really the cherry on top of this shit Sunday because the 16 or so states with abortion bans typically do include exceptions for victims of rape and incest, but as we're learning, these exceptions are insufficient, they're overly vague, and they don't give doctors the confidence that they need to perform these procedures without the fear of prosecution. So they're not good, even with exceptions. So with that being said, though, Arizona Supreme Court just said they don't even want to pay lip service to the idea of exceptions, right, even though they really don't make that big of a difference in states that have them, they're not even going to pretend. They're saying the goal here is to control women and they're going to do that by any means necessary, even if it means reviving a literal civil war era policy to make that happen. It is just so outrageous, but not surprising at this point. Now had Arizonans elected Kerry Lake over Katie Hobbes, they'd be in a much worse predicament given the Supreme Court's ruling, right? And on top of that, they wouldn't have had billions in medical debt wiped out, which is exactly what Katie Hobbes did.  She is now the Republican Party's nominee for the United States Senate. And even though she's still denying the results for election in 2022, because of course, she is ostensibly now more moderate when it comes to the issue of abortion. I wonder why she's changing her position, because like many Republicans, she knows that this is a losing issue and she desperately wants to win. So that's why she's trying to downplay her previous opposition to abortion. And the result here, like specifically her response to this ruling by the State Supreme Court is downright hilarious, because she put out this statement shared by Sahil Kapoor of NBC News, where she denounces the pre-Statehood law saying it's quote, out of step with Arizonans, but then basically contradicts herself by endorsing state's rights on the issue, because if there's no federal standards, things like this and her state are allowed to happen. She then calls on the Democratic governor to remedy the situation. Then she says that she deposed federal funding for abortion as a senator, yet she would be against a federal ban on abortion. So if you're struggling to follow along, allow me to clarify. She is against a federal abortion ban, because she thinks that this issue should be left up to the states, but she doesn't support a state's right to do what Arizona did, because that goes a little bit too far. But she also wouldn't support federal standards akin to Roe again, to prevent states from going that far. And she also opposes federal funding for abortion to assist people in states with draconian laws like hers, because this is a state's rights issue, and the federal government shouldn't get involved. Makes so much sense. Thank you for clarifying, Carrie. So she is trying to do what Trump did, right? We just did a video about him.  The problem is that she didn't learn from him, because sometimes when you try to appease everyone, you end up appeasing no one. And that's what we're going to see again here. Now furthermore, this all rings hollow because of her own past statements. So her Democratic opponent, Ruben Gallego, reminded everyone of her previous comments on the issue and shared this compilation to Twitter. I'm incredibly thrilled that we are going to have a great law that's already on the books, so it will prohibit abortion in Arizona. I believe that abortion is the ultimate sin. I hope that Roe v. Wade gets overturned. We have existing laws on the books that would make it very difficult to get an abortion here, and I think it should be difficult. The execution of babies in the mother's womb is what it is. You have been quoted as saying Arizona will be a state where we will not be taking the lives of our unborn anymore. I noticed that there is a slight change in your view today. I haven't changed actually, no. Sometimes the attack adds just right themselves.  So now they're forced to do this weird tap dance and present themselves as moderates on the issue, but I mean, it's too late for that. The cat's out of the bag. The moderate position was Roe v. Wade. And after 50 years of fighting to overturn it, they got what they wanted. Why run away from it now? Embrace it. After all, you say abortion is murder and nothing else matters if that's the case, including elections, right? So stopping murder should be priority number one if you really believe it's murder. See what I'm getting at here? They don't actually believe that abortion is murder. No serious person believes that abortion is murder, and to the extent that Republicans are anti-abortion, it's because they either want to control women or they're just pandering to evangelicals, or both. But here's the thing. It's become this election issue that they wanted to make it for decades, right? Like this is the issue. They wanted this to be a wedge issue, and now it is. And now they're having to reap what they sow. So on that note, Julia Conley of Common Dreams explains, last week, organizers with Arizona for Abortion Access announced that they had collected more than the number of signatures needed to support placing a referendum on a constitutional amendment and shrining the right to abortion care on state ballots in November. And that right there is more bad news for Kerry Lake and other anti-abortion Republicans in the state, because that referendum is going to galvanize voters. And people coming out to vote for that might also vote against Republicans as well. And so far, every single abortion ballot initiative has passed, including in deep red states like Kansas.  And rightfully so. And guess what?  So Republicans, they're not going to appease moderate voters by pretending to be like kind of anti-abortion. Either you support Roe v. Wade and federal standards, or you will continue to get obliterated in these elections. So they really don't want to do that because they look like hypocrites, but they already kind of look like hypocrites as it is, because now they're coming out against a federal abortion ban. I mean, their options are limited here, but this is a problem that they made for themselves, and they've got to lie in the bed that they made.


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