I would like to thank everybody for coming tonight. And before we begin tonight's proceeding, I would like to acknowledge that we are meeting on the traditional country of the Nunawal peoples and pay respect to the elders past and present. I recognize and respect their cultural heritage, beliefs and relationship with the land. I also extend respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people here today. So we're about to begin the film screening, but before we do, I would like to introduce our special guest, Gu Tao. Gu Tao was born in 1970 in Inner Mongolia, China, where his father was an ethnographer and a photographer. He graduated in 1995 from Inner Mongolia Art College with a major in oil painting. After studying photography at the China Academy of Art in Beijing, he started making documentary films, many of which have won awards at international film festivals. The movie we will see today, The Last Moose, is the third of his Aluguya trilogy, and Aluguya refers to the place where the film is made, which includes Aluguya, Aluguya, Hugo and his mother, and then this film today. So after we are done with the movie, we will have a panel discussion and a Q&A with the director. So thank you so much for coming, and I hope you enjoy the movie. His research focuses on issues of environmental pollution and grassroots actions in Mongolia, China and Japan. Next to him is Professor Lee Narangawa, who specializes in modern Japanese and Mongolian history, culture and politics. Before she joined the ANU staff, she was a researcher at the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies in Copenhagen. She teaches courses in Japanese history and language, Mongolian history, and other courses including lies, conspiracy and propaganda. Dr. Christian Surace is a post-doctoral fellow at the CIW, and his research focuses on ideology, discourse and political concepts of the Chinese Communist Party and how they shape policies, strategies and governance habits. And of course, Gu Tao, who is the director of the film. What we're going to do is, the three panelists will respond to the film first with short statements, then Gu Tao will speak, and I expect that soon after that we'll open up to questions from the audience. So why don't we begin with, would you like to begin? Good evening, everyone. So I'm an ethnic Mongolian from Inner Mongolia, so it's my great pleasure to be here and share my feelings with all of you and the director Gu Tao. It was two years ago, one of my high school classmates recommended this documentary to me. He's an ethnic Daur. Daur people also live very close to Ewingki people in the northern part of Inner Mongolia. He said that you should watch this documentary as a social scientist. He told me that he had lots of stuff to say about this documentary but just don't know where to start because he had a kind of mixed emotions. And then I found this documentary on YouTube. Eventually I got the same feelings too, a kind of mixed emotions. So the Ouija is very familiar to me. I even imagined that I met him somewhere in my Mongolian community. In other words, I understand his feelings and have a great sympathy of his life. There is a sense of loss in our hearts in terms of language, culture, living environment, life and dignity. Because of that, I would say Ouija is the kind of model of our generation. He's not only belonging to Ewingki people but also belonging to ethnic Mongolian people too. I think one of my friends from Daur people had the same feelings. Of course, on the other hand, many ethnic Ewingki people and of course Mongolian people have made a different choice. As Ouija said, just drink yourself to death. The rest has to adopt a new environment. So there is a choice to be the rest. In a sense, I'm the one who should be considered as the rest. We don't drink too much. We're trying to keep our sober mind and we're feeling kind of compliance for our ability to adapt. That is why we have mixed emotions toward Ouija. Ouija's words are so sharp and he makes us not very comfortable. His words pierced our wound where it had not yet healed. Finally, I'd like to express my admiration for Gutao's independent view of history. Forward and progress has an unshakable position in Chinese political atmosphere. In a perspective of progressivism, Ouija is a kind of backward person and his fate is eliminated by history. However, Gutao has issued a different point of view which creates an opportunity for us to stop and rethink. Thank you Gutao and thank you everyone. Good evening everyone. My name is Inarangawa and I watched this film only by documentation by Christian. When I watched it, it made me think a lot of things. Many of my reflections are very similar to what Ouija has already mentioned. I'm also an ethnic Mongolian from China and there are a lot of similarities. When I saw this film, my first impression was that this is not an own story.  How they feel about their own culture, their situation, and about their ethnic future. It is a very sad story but the interesting thing is not only the Ewenk and many, many other minorities they have this kind of incredible sadness about their own future and at the same time they are incredibly proud about their own past. They believe that modernity and progress is not something that we can measure with high-rises, with technology. Every single civilization has got their own progressiveness and value. The other thing I was thinking about or reflecting about this film was that the kind of questions many of you may also ask is that is there any way we can preserve, we can coexist without actually being assimilated, without losing kind of own language and culture. Compared to Ong, Mongols are sort of the bigger minorities and they still have their own language and their own script and so many, many intellectuals compared to the Ongs. But I think it is not the number which makes difference. I think what makes difference is whether we recognize each other, whether it is very small number of people or very small language, whether it has got script or not, whether how we could preserve it. So there are many, many other sources I had but I am very happy to discuss with you. So first I would like to thank Guta so much for making the long trip to Australia and for making these wonderful films. So this is one film that belongs to a series and I definitely recommend the other ones. And all of which have given me many intense emotions and opportunities for reflection. I would also like to thank the ANU Centre on China in the World and our director, Dr. Benjamin Penney, for hosting the event and especially I would like to thank Nancy Cho for all of her hard work and ingenuity in dealing with the logistics. I would also like to thank the Mongolia Institute and Dr. Lee Narangoa for their sponsorship. And there are so many people I would like to thank who helped me in different ways but then we would be here for a while, which actually leads me to my point. It's funny when planning an event you realize how dependent we are on infrastructures of support and on other people. And a part of what I want to talk about tonight is what happens when those infrastructures collapse and are taken away. I think one of the reasons why Guta's movies are so haunting is that their message travels and resonates beyond their local circumstances. We can even learn about the Ivankis' contemporary predicament by looking across the ocean at the history of genocide and sedentarization of Native American nations in the United States. And it is even more interesting if we track the history of animals. The disappearance of the moose from the forests of Hulu and Be'ar and the eradication of the bison from the Dakota Plains were central to the processes of cultural extinction in both places. In her book Dispatches from Dystopia, the historian Kate Brown argues, quote, the story of General Custer and his defeat by Crazy Horse at the Battle of Little Bighorn is well known. So too are his infamous trips through the plains, shooting bison and leaving the stench of rotting flesh. Custer was one of a number of Americans who felt that the extermination of the buffalo would inspire the Indians to settle down, end quote. For pastoral nations like the Sioux, the Cheyenne and the Crow, the end of the buffalo meant the end of their way of life. In the haunting words of Plentyku, the leader of the Crow Nation at the end of the 19th century, quote, when the buffalo went away and the hearts of my people fell to the ground and they could not lift them up again. After this, nothing happened, end quote. So more than a century later and on a different continent, we hear Wei Jia say, quote, the guns were gone after we moved. We had nothing to do, so we started drinking. Drinking heavily, people started dying. Already eight of us have died.  In his book, Radical Hope, the philosopher Jonathan Lear interprets Plentyku's statement to mean that life for the Crow went on after the buffalo died, but there was no longer a world in which actions could be ascribed familiar meanings. As Lear explains the same action that meant one thing in the past, a display of martial valor and courage, meant an entirely different thing on the reservation. It was now illegal and a barbaric practice. The only bridge between these two worlds is one of memory and loss. Similarly for the Ivenki people, life continues in the settlements and Wei Jia's life continued when he moved to Hainan, but it is life without a world. So why is the fate of nomadic reindeer people in the remote regions of Inner Mongolia so haunting? When we watch Wei Jia's self-destruction on the screen, we see people that we know including our own future possibilities. I've heard before that Gu Tao rejects the label of being an anthropological filmmaker. I suspect in part because Wei Jia's situation of living amidst cultural collapse belongs to the human condition. No one expects that their world will disappear. The possibility that the world can collapse is probably the kind of knowledge that Nietzsche suggested we must forget in order to remain alive. Wei Jia's, when he is living in China's southern island of Hainan, he remarks, I'm not interested in the sights here, the big hotels, that has nothing to do with me. I'm just interested in the local villages, their customs and way of life. Perhaps his motivation to research other villages was driven by a shared sensibility of camaraderie through the experience of loss and precarity. Perhaps he wanted to find other possibilities for coping with extinction. Thank you. Now we'll ask Gu Tao to speak, perhaps responding or saying other things about the film. Thank you to the university and Christian for allowing me to bring a very cold film to such a warm country. Thank you so much to the ANU and to Christian for allowing me to bring such a cold film to such a warm place. Of course, this warmth includes a country's system. And the warmth is not just of the weather, but it is of the system, the system that we have here in Australia. I don't know what to say about the film, but ten years ago, I was able to film a series of films, but the reality I saw was different from what I saw on TV. Ten years ago, when I began to make this film, I saw that the reality before my eyes was different from the reality that I saw on the TV. But every time I watch it with you, I feel that I haven't made a good film. Whenever I see this film with a group of people, I always feel like I haven't directed it well enough. I haven't made it well enough. Because I didn't expect to put it on the TV or put it on the school's standard space. Because when I was making it, it never occurred to me that I would be showing it at film festivals or universities in such a very regular theater like this. It hadn't occurred to me. When I was making it, I felt that technology itself was not important. Even the equipment used was not important. It actually showed me the direct observation of the film in the film production process. But for me, the important thing is not the technology, it's not that stuff. What it is, is to actually honestly reflect my observations of the Erwanker people. Can I ask a question? I don't know. It's very, very interesting. So you spent 10 years living with the Erwanker people. How did they react to your presence when you were with them? I mean, they seemed very natural with it at this point. But how did you gain the confidence of the people who you were filming? I said, you have been filming for 16 days. When you first started, how did you make them feel at ease and trust you so much to make you film their lives? Because my father, in the 70s, in the 80s, recorded the Erwanker people, the Erlenchun people, and the Taobao people in the 70s, and the 80s. My father had been documenting the lives of the Erwanker people and several other minorities from that region in photographs at the end of the 70s and the beginning of the 80s. When I was young, when I was 10, 11, 12, I would see my father who did the Erwanker people and the Erwanker people in the 70s, and the Erwanker people in the 80s. He was the Erwanker, the Erwanker, the Erwanker, the Erwanker, the Erwanker, who didn't... He would just go into their lives and observe them and photograph them like this. And when I was a young boy, I would see him developing these photographs, and I thought, this is so beautiful, this is such a beautiful place and people that he's documenting. And so I wanted to see 30 years later what had happened, what it was like. In these 30 years, China has made a huge change in the 30th century since the reform and opening of the 80s. But at the same time, there is a kind of the most important thing that cannot be protected from the development of more important things. That is the spirit and the most traditional way of life. Those 30 years, by coincidence, were also the 30 years when the reforms, the first 30 years of the economic reforms during which China experienced a lot of economic growth and progress. But what I saw there was what heavier than the progress was the loss of culture, the fact that this culture that was so unprotected, a loss of traditional spirit and tradition in general. I come from an arts background. I studied art at university and so when I went to start filming what I actually ended up filming was not what I thought I would be filming. A lot of things that I encountered along the way influenced the way that the film came out in the end. I'm wondering whether anyone, yes? I have a question about their language. This speaks Chinese in such a fluent way. I think most of the Mongolian herders living in a rural area can't speak Chinese like Weijia and Weijia can even make a poem in Chinese. I think, in a sense, Weijia Chinese may be much better than mine even though I'm living in a city in Huqat. Are they only speak Chinese in daily life? I thought they also speak Mongolian language. So that's because of you filming them. They always speak Chinese or hardly speak Mongolian with their Mongolian community members. They don't speak Chinese. They don't need anything to prepare for you. People often ask me whether or not you ask them to speak Chinese. I can understand that. But it's not true. They are already completely speaking Chinese. But their elders can speak Chinese but they refuse. Actually Weijia and his clan have been speaking Chinese since the 70s or 80s. A lot of people ask me this question. But in fact, these Weijia and his clan and the people that you see, they do speak Chinese among each other. It's the older people who can speak fluent and they often can speak and understand Chinese but they refuse to. So how did you choose Weijia? Because he is an incredible character. He is really intelligent. What is his education level? How did you choose Weijia? How did you choose Weijia? In fact, I took a lot of pictures because there are fewer people on the screen. That is to protect others. Since 2004, I have been preparing for a year to work with them. I have been sleeping and drinking. Since 2005, I started taking pictures for a long time. In the past 8 years, I have taken a few people and I have been living in Weijia for a long time. They are more free. They are also painting. I am also painting. It's more convenient. It's because of this film that I chose this one. Before, there were two films of Weijia. It's not a lot. It's just that this film has been made for a year. Actually, when I went there in 2004, I began filming lots of different families. I worked with them. I drank with them. I slept in the community. I was there for a long time. I did live in Weijia in his family's tent. They were a bit looser, a bit freer. He painted, I painted. It made sense. There are two other films in this particular series and Weijia doesn't make that much of an appearance in the other two. After I cut this film, I also found that Weijia's expression was very good. She didn't make too many films. In order to make a film, she used a lot of materials to make films. Her changes were the most abundant. She left life and went to the sea. She had love. She went back to life. Her changes were great. After she cut the film, it was her biggest change. Also, when I was editing the footage, that's when I discovered Weijia as someone to become the centre of the film. It hadn't occurred to me really before when I was just filming him and everybody else. The changes in his life were the most dramatic. The biggest changes occurred to him. He went to Hainan, the love story, the end of the love story is returned to the forest and so on. It was through the process of looking at all the footage and editing that I made this particular film about Weijia. I think we have about 15 minutes for questions and we have microphones. If you raise your hand, I'll send the microphone around to you. Should I ask in English? Ask in English and then Chinese if you can do both. That's great. I want to appreciate Gu Tao Dayan first because I think this is really an amazing movie and I really enjoyed it a lot. I cried twice. The first time Weijia mentioned that the Uwen Ku people just follow the the schedule of nature. When the animals are mating, you can't just hunt or just kill them. I think it's very important because nowadays people just don't really obey anymore because they want to make more money. The second time is at last because he seemed like he got no way to do because he lost his culture and he couldn't do what he used to do anymore and the whole... Do you have a question? Sorry. Everybody has a chance. No statements. My question is because I think this movie got some parts which is against... Maybe it's not allowed to play in China so I just want to ask how it is like in China because I also noticed it's kind of different what we read from the news like where the minority life are like and how is Weijia's life now? Could you ask that in Chinese? Or do you want me to? Hello I really like this movie and I just want to ask what's the situation of Weijia now? And also the children of the Uwen Ku people they still talk about how they are and whether it's the result of the big city or they are still like this. And what's the situation in China? Because I noticed the situation of the minority life is very different from the news. Thank you. After Weijia came back from Hainan she started drinking again. Of course, she was painting and writing. This August she was drunk again and she thought life is meaningless and meaningless. She took a knife and went to the forest because in this movie she said many people committed suicide like Japanese people. This August she committed suicide in this way and she didn't die. She stayed in the hospital for a few months for three months. She just recovered. After Weijia returned he began drinking again and he was drinking and writing his poetry and painting but he was drinking a lot and in August he got very very drunk and he decided that life was meaningless. The people who he referred to before had all taken their own lives and the way that they had taken their lives was like a Japanese using a knife to disembowel yourself.  This is last August but he survived and he was in hospital for several months and now he's back home. He was very calm and brave and he waited for the sun to set and he said the sun was set and he didn't die.  He felt very cold and he went back to the camp and was sent to the hospital. He very calmly cut himself and waited for the sun set and figured that he would be dead but he didn't die. He got very very cold and he somehow made his way back to the settlement and they got him to a hospital. Now he's recovered because the doctor said if he wasn't in the forest he would die. He's now kind of recovered. The doctor said he really has to live in the forest otherwise there's nothing for him. Other young people are studying in the city and their parents also hope that they stay in the city. In the past there was a school called Long Ke Yu where children were 5 years old but 10 years ago there wasn't a school like this like the Han group to study and to study Chinese. It's just a sign of life. Other young people study in Chinese schools if they're in the settlement the parents prefer them to stay in the settlements to study there for their future. 10 years ago they closed down the last schools where people learned in Iwenki and now for the young people their status as an Iwenki or other minorities basically just a matter of there what's written on their ID card. This letter because in China we are called independent film independent director so with the official the quality of the recording is different we will shoot it so we won't broadcast it in public or in the TV there's not much of a difference I'm an independent documentary maker and so I'm outside the official system there's no you know I don't submit my things and have them past I don't get public showings in cinemas or on the television that's how it works so thanks thank you very much I'm glad to go to for bringing such an impressive film here so my question is during you're making this film and also after that is there any government or non-governmental organization they're taking measures to preserve like the heritage like the cultural heritage or other features of those minor ethnic groups in China so thank you for bringing such a great film and we can see my question is during you're making this film and also after are there any government organizations or other non-governmental organizations to do some things to help these ethnic groups to preserve their cultural heritage or other heritage thank you I'm really not sure because during this 8 years actually many people are going to go to film and write articles but there's no specific NTO NTO to do specific things no it's it seems yes it should be but there are many scholars in China about national issues and some human scholars they will have a meeting to study some issues but there's no solution no over the 8 years that I was there you'd see lots of people coming to the hunting areas very curious they were looking at the Iwenki is exotic but no NGOs came to help do anything like that there's lots of scholars in China ethnographers and anthropologists and so on they discuss this and they try to figure out how to preserve these cultures but nobody's come up with a solution so that's where it stands I want to ask you about alcohol drinking in this film maybe some people think people are backward but they're not they're not they're not they're not they're not they're not they're not they're not they're not because Deutsch says people are backward they drink too much but actually you mentioned but actually you mentioned you also drank with them and drinking was part of their culture so could you provide us a more rounded view point about their drinking culture Thank you The But drinking alcohol is completely different from what we are doing now. In the past, we were divided into a group of people. We were divided into a group of people for a long time. At that time, there might be a few other people who would drink alcohol. But now, since 2003, after the birth of Dr. Yiming, after the death of Dr. Yiming, the life in the past is completely different. Life has no meaning. Life has entered a life of hopelessness. So it is convenient to drink alcohol. This change is quite obvious. There was drinking before, but it was very different. The spirit in which alcohol was consumed was very different. What would happen would be, for example, in the hunting, they would kill an animal and everybody would enjoy it together and have a drink as part of that sharing. It was a way of enjoying things together. But after 2003, with the settlements, the taking away of the guns and so on, there was a loss of meaning and a loss of hope in people's lives, and that led to the kind of drinking to get drunk, this sort of nihilistic drinking that we see in the film. We just mentioned that approaches who make the moods disappear. Who are those approaches he indicated? Are they Han people? In the film, there was a hunter who made the moods disappear. He said, who is the hunter? Are they Han people? Because they are hunters themselves. Who is the hunter? This is the police and some people from the northern part of Hong Kong. Because in the northern part of Hong Kong, there are people from the countryside. In fact, life is not suitable for them. They can only go up the mountain to use the resources of the forest to make the moods. That's what the hunter said. They are all Han people. Is it for eating meat or... They are for selling. What are they selling? For selling the prey. Is it for selling the skin or meat? Police and some of the migrant workers in the north, they are Chinese. They work by setting traps. They don't do very well. They are poor. I asked, why do they poach? The reason is to sell the reindeer, to sell the horns, the meat, the skin, the whole thing. Those are the poachers. Thank you, Director Gu, for bringing us such a great work. I think the traditional and modern development is a balanced topic. I have a few questions. The first one is, did you learn Chinese at home? I will ask two short questions. Ask one, because we have two people. I will ask one question. I know that you shot this film for a long time, for eight years. At the very beginning, do you know how long will you shoot? Because the stories will always be continued. How do you know when the story will end and you start making this film and present to the audience? At the beginning, when you were shooting the film, you didn't know how long it would take. At the beginning of the eight years, the story will always be continued. How do you decide that the story will end and you will present it to the audience? You saw the ending of this film. But I didn't release the last shot today. It should be three seconds. Weijia returned from Hainan to Senglin. She was carrying a wooden head. She threw it on the ground at the end. But it was stuck. When I was editing the film, I thought it should have ended. I could release anything, no matter what kind of living conditions I was in. Otherwise, a film would have changed my life. For me, a writer, the less the minority, the less the minority, I was a group. That's the end of the film. With this particular film, there was a thing which we didn't see because the DVD got stuck. It was just a three-second thing. It was when he's carrying that log through the forest. What he does is he throws it down. It seems to me that you can throw things down. Life has so many changes. That's where in the editing process I decided the film could stop. We've got two questions there. Then we might have to conclude. Thank you. I think that if we let culture and language develop in their natural state, they will change in each other's lives. They will learn from each other and become more and more similar. They will disappear. On the one hand, we want to strengthen and preserve the nature of culture. On the other hand, we often encourage young people to interact with each other and learn from each other. I don't know how you see this contradiction. I'll translate it myself. Yes, just briefly. I'm asking a question about the contradiction I felt between the culture preservation and cultural change because I feel that the loss of the language and culture is due to the pressure from the policy or some political reasons. But I feel that if we let the culture and language go naturally, they will also change and learn from each other. Sometimes they will become more similar due to cultural communication. I feel that on the one hand, we want to keep a culture the way it used to be. On the other hand, we encourage people to make cultural communication and learn from each other. I wonder what you think of this contradiction. Thank you very much. We make films like this in China. China is also a small and independent film. Like you said, there are a lot of films like this in China. I don't know if you have noticed or if you haven't noticed because watching this film reminds me of this thing. I don't know if you have noticed or if you haven't noticed about this thing. Everyone has their own expression. For example, I dyed this place as my observation. I don't want others to see the other people's point of view. In reality, How do they integrate into civil society and modern society after the establishment of a democracy? But that may not be what I have observed. I am not a human or democratic scholar. I am an independent filmmaker. This is the story I tell but there are lots of films that do tell a story along the lines you were describing. Everybody has their own way of experiencing a thing and these are my observations. There are lots of films and TV shows that show that kind of assimilation and that kind of, I suppose, the happier story. I am not an anthropologist. I am not an ethnographer. I am just using my personal reaction to what I saw in this one little slice of history. It is one part. It is not a whole. It is just a piece of the story. Thank you very much for your film. I really enjoyed it.  You, like the main character, was more interested in still seeing the village rather than the big city. Has that sort of impact on you? I didn't quite catch it. Did you? I just had an impact on the story. Oh, the story? Okay. Okay. It is a kind of comparison and a kind of new observation. In the north of Xinjiang, the Khazakh tribe, and in the south of Xinjiang, the Mongolian tribe, they found that the people were in a state of survival and mental state. In addition to this, I've gone to the northwest to Xinjiang and looked at, for a new perspective, to compare how different minorities in China have coped, I suppose. I've looked at the Khazakhs, the Mongolians who live in the southern part of Xinjiang, and what I've seen is that there's a lot of similarities in all of these stories. Tonight I would also like to thank Linda and Jayden for doing such a fantastic job of translating these schedules to come see this film and to thank Gu Tao for being here and for doing this. So Gu Tao didn't go with his camera to record this. It would be an even greater tragedy because it would just disappear without a trace. So anyway, thank you all. Please check out our website. We have other films coming up in March and other events at the Mongolian Institute as well. Again, I appreciate the support and have a wonderful evening.


Page 305, I think it was around 304 303 any of these that you were wondering about Yo, Vlad number two Okay, sorry. Yep. So here's tangent Now here's how I know that it's tangent by the way, we're gonna talk about tangent. What do I have memory screen still frozen? How about I do that? Thank you Here's what I know about tangent This is what I have in my brain. I know and I kind of can remember this part tangent goes through zero zero I think that's not too tough to remember Okay, and you could derive that by knowing that tangent is y over x and Okay, I guess You can derive that by knowing that tangent is y over x and when is y over x zero and the top y is zero When is that when you're zero high, which is right here? I Also know that tangent of 90 is undefined. That's in degrees Tangent of pi by 2 is undefined and they get a pi by 2 because I know it's symmetrical in other words. I Remember that and I remember that and let me erase that because they want me to graph cotangent on here. I Also remember the shape of tangent Okay, it says graph cotangent cotangent is the reciprocal So I'm going to graph cotangent first thing is this Anywhere zero high is going to have an asymptote right there right there Right there. How else did we graph? reciprocals was our second step Invariant points hot. What are the invariant points for any reciprocal function? Any wire one and negative one high here's one high. That's gonna stay.  That's gonna stay. That's gonna stay and that's gonna stay Which by the way answers part C when you list the invariant points it looks like It looks like each square is worth pi by 8 if I count because eight squares make up pi Is that correct if I count so it looks like you have an invariant point for example, Vlad at negative 6 pi by 8 comma 1 it's negative 3 pi by 4 in those terms positive Let me check the answers here Well negative 5 pi by 4 Where was I mr. Duke? Yeah, huh? Yeah, reducing the fractions. Okay? And oh in the graph itself Let's see the asymptote would become a zero the asymptote would become a zero The I did this wrong mr. Duke The asymptote of the original would become a zero it's gonna look like this as a matter of fact cotangent Looks like tangent if it's been horizontally reflected and slid sideways That's what cotangent looks like Tell you what I will ask I'm not gonna ask you that Gonna ask you this Or gonna ask you this So what are the equations of the asymptotes if I didn't have the graph in front of me Vlad Here's what I would say cotangent will have asymptotes where Tangent is zero Where is tangent zero? I would often the margins somewhere say well, let's see I know that tangent is zero right there at zero. I Know that tangent has a period of pi so it's gonna be zero at pi Zero at two pi zero at three pi zero at four pi You know we're cotangents gonna have asymptotes then at x equals zero plus multiples of pi Where n is an integer although what's zero plus anything blood? Okay, they probably wouldn't put the zero plus in front. They'd say that's where the asymptotes are. Oh What's the domain of tangent so the domain is what x can't be and I told you it doesn't exist at 90 degrees which is pi by two and what was its period? We have those gaps every pi and This time because that's not a zero. I would leave that in front as opposed to here with a zero vanish What about cotangents domain well cotangent won't exist wherever it has asymptotes X can't be pi n Where n is an integer That's how I'd handle it That's really what I'm gonna ask you about secant and cosecant and cotangent and tangent. I'm gonna ask you equations of asymptotes and Equate and not equation and domains Maybe ranges for tangent there and cotangent the range is all reels I might feel okay asking you for a range of secant and cosecant because they were strange It was two separate ranges we listed last day any others No others Nothing, okay You can write this down a piece of paper somewhere or inside your workbook towards the back or something like this Less than 10.5. Hey, what's on the test mr. Duke? Okay, and your first hint. I would give you is look at the quizzes I've given and your second hint that I would give you is Look at both review Assignments that I Ended out Okay, apparently I can't quite fit that in there we go. Good. No So what do you need to know? You need to know coterminal angles principal angles coterminal angles and principal angles so for example if I tell you that Theta equals 22 pi Over 12 Better yet make it 22 pi over 6 Find me a coterminal angle. How do I find coterminal angles? How do we do it in degrees? Organized mr. Duke by the way. I'm just improvising these notes. They're not gonna be quite as organized But I'm remembering what's on the test. How do I find a coterminal angle in degrees? At 360 how do I find a coterminal angle in radians? At 2 pi what first of all? I think I would take this and I would recognize that this is actually 11 pi by 3 I'd probably reduce it why not get my smaller numbers Okay, and I would take that 11 pi by 3 now Alex You said add or subtract 2 pi except really what would I do if I was clever instead of 2 pi what would I write? 6 pi by 3 why not cut my thinking down? Yes So one coterminal angle is 17 pi by 3 that's the same angle Sorry, that's the same terminal arm not the same angle. You've gone around one more time Principal angles though those were the one between 0 and 360 when we were talking about Degrees 0 and 2 pi we were talking about radians the angle that they gave me is that between 0 and 2 pi? Well 2 pi is 6 pi by 3. So is this between 0 and 6 pi by 3? No, it's too big. Let's find the principal angle Take the angle that they gave you and since it's too big Subtract 2 pi and keep doing that until you end up between 0 and 2 pi My first attempt I get 5 pi by 3 is that between 0 and 2 pi? Yeah, that's the principal angle Remember negative as we go in the opposite direction. I would happily give you a negative one You need to know that you absolutely need to know cast and X and Y and R cast rule X Y and R. I Think enough said we've been flogging that one But you remember I said to you the first four lessons for the remainder of the trig unit All we were really going to be doing is using those first four lessons cleverly I would argue I haven't really taught you anything new for about five lessons. It's just been hey Here's another way you can use X and Y and R Special triangles exact values and we had two main types of questions here one question went like this give the exact value of secant of oh heck 4 pi by 3 This will be a multiple choice question. Almost certainly. Do you know the angle Ellen or are they asking you to find the angle? You know the angle so we can sketch the angle right away We started both of these types of questions the same way the second type of question was went something like this be solved and I would say secant of theta equals over root 3 Zero less than or equal to theta less than 2 pi. I've got these side by side. I hope you can see the key difference We're going to use similar approaches special training Here we would say Well, what's my denominator Emily? So I'm not going to call this pie. I'll call this 3 pi by 3 and 6 pi by 3 And I think 4 pi by 3 there's 3 pi by 3 4 pi by 3 is right there because 5 pi by 3 is right there 6 pi by 3 gets me all the way around. I would write the cast rule I would say to myself self-sandaly secant goes with which trig function Cosine is cosine positive or negative in that quadrant there So this answer is going to be negative I would cross out any positive answers because there's gonna be multiple choice and I would write negative I would find the reference angle. What is the reference angle here sandaly? Pi by 3 and then I would say to myself do I have a triangle with a pi by 3 in it? Yes, I do It's the 1 2 root 3 triangle Sandaly which angle is pi by 3 the bottom one or the top one? right there You said secant goes with cosine Cosine is Hypotenuse over adjacent from good old so katoa days so secant is sorry cosine is Adjacent over hypotenuse from good old so katoa days secant is going to be hypotenuse over adjacent what over what here kiddo? Negative to what I read the over one probably not So I'll give you some question like that heck. I'll even tell you what the angles are going to be Pi by 6 Pi by 3 5 pi by 6 7 pi by 6 11 pi by 6 4 pi it's going to be any multiple of a third or a sixth with a pie in front of it or A fourth because we also had that second special triangle the 1 1 root 2 don't forget that one What did we do here? Well here we started out kind of similar We did a sketch with the cast rule, but here because we didn't know the angle We could only narrow it down to two possibilities Brett secant goes with which trig function and Cosine according to this question was positive or negative Here and here we wanted to find the reference angle here We could just figure it out by doing a bit of subtraction Here we're gonna have to say well I have a 2 and a root 3 do I have a triangle with a 2 and a root 3 in it. Yeah one two root 3 Which of these two angles has a secant of 2 over root 3 the bottom one or the top one? Secant is goes with cosign secant is hypotenuse over adjacent Which of these angles has a hypotenuse over adjacent of 2 over root 3 Justin the bottom one of the top one How big is that angle right there? By by 6 which means this angle is pi by 6 and this angle is pi by 6 Justin. Can you tell me what the roots are? By by 6 that's this first one and are we good enough now that we can just go like that What about how big? Because now you're just seeing it to 12 pi by 6 that don't come common denominator trick very nice If I wrote 12 pi by 6 because I was thinking 12 pi by 6. Let's fix that make it 11 pi by 6 Okay, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, how about what if I gave you the same question or? Solve secant theta equals 2 over root 3, but instead I said this Negative 2 pi less than or equal to theta less than or equal to zero Zero mr. Do it What if I said instead I want you to find the angles that exist there not the ones between 2 pi and I like this question I like this question Trevor easy Solve it this same way and When you get these look at the first answer and you would say is it between negative 2 pi and zero? Then is it too big? Yeah, it's too big. It's positive subtract 2 pi and Tell you're in the domain that you want so I would say theta 1 is pi by 6 minus 12 pi by 6 and I would say one of your answers is negative 11 pi by 6 is that in the domain that they gave us Yeah, okay What about my second theta is this between negative 2 pi and zero? Say no me too with authority So you know what pick it up and subtract 2 pi and This gives us negative pi by 6 is that in the domain that we want between negative 2 pi and zero. Yeah What if it wasn't keep going? If I give you a really weird domain, I think I'll give you a really weird domain But if they did I just keep going until I end up in their domain Or if I was if they give me a positive really big domain and these were too small keep adding 2 pi The only weird one is tangent tangent Why? Because tangent the period is not 2 pi. What's the period of tangent pi? Say what am I on two special triangles exact values, so some mixing and matching Probably you can expect a quadratic trig with a square and save the square root plus or minus four answers the arc length equation It's gonna be one probably multiple choice How can I remember the arc length equation? What's mr. Do it's brilliant. Yeah, barely nearly godlike contribution to the teaching of mathematics He says although he's never seen this in the textbook the arc length equation looks like which word how convenient not said Alarm Bell number one there was actually two little alarm bells in this unit Prepare yourself Emily Alarm Bell one was when you had sine theta Coase theta secant theta Coase secant theta Equals zeros plus or minus ones Or undefined whoops clean it later Now The undefined is a bit of a fib carrot sine and cosine are never undefined because they had a domain of all reels But these were things that I noticed as my answer. So for example if they said something. I don't know like this solve secant theta Is undefined zero less than or equal to theta less than two five Where is secant undefined? Well, what does secant go with? Cosine okay Where would secant be undefined when cosine was what what gave us asymptotes Ellen? Okay, we're cos theta Equals zero Now we had several ways we could do this One of this one way was to use the human unit circle to recognize that secant was in terms of x and y and r r over x and Then you could sketch that unit circle and you could say when is the x coordinate zero because Maria That's what gives you a fraction with that's undefined when the denominator is zero There and there and you could get pi by two and three pi by two the second way We now have at our disposal is we could actually just sketch one wave of cosine and we could say you know what? secant's gonna be undefined right there and right there Because secant's gonna be undefined when cosine is zero high, which I'm pretty sure if that's pi. This is pi by two and Three pi by two It's y coordinate is negative one boards. It's x coordinate. How far left right is that point right there? That's zero right Gonna be one of these on your written section Something equals either a plus or minus one or an undefined Some where where your solutions are one of these four or more than one of these four corners In fact the written section is gonna look as follows Two graphs, maybe one graph two graphs You know what probably to probably one sign and probably one cosine That's a bit of a tip probably one positive or negative sign and probably one positive or negative cosine what'll be positive what'll be negative okay, and Then after that it'll be two or three exact value trig equations to solve like this one quadratic One undefined and one domain change Yep, you had pi Right, that's how we found the coterminal angle to be added the period What you'll find though Alex is when you start adding pi Often the first time you add pi to your first answer you just get your second answer that you already had and Then you add pi again. Oh now. I've got a new answer and you add pi again Oh now I've got a new answer, but you're gonna find with tangent the two answers that you find normally are already Pi apart exactly and so if you start with the first one you'll find you just regenerate the second one, which okay big deal Already got it. Oh, let me roll in Last thing is what am I on four five six Sketching trig graphs and answering questions about trig graphs, and this is what I want to talk about for about 15 minutes And then I'm gonna shut up and give you a take-home place suppose they said something like this given y equals cosecant of Three theta Tell me the equations of the asymptotes and the domain These will be multiple choice questions, and I won't ask you for both At the same time, but they're both very very related. Here's how I would handle this I Wouldn't I Don't really know what cosecant looks. I know it looks like these weird you shapes going up and going down and remember that But I know where cosecant came from Kara. What is cosecant go with? Fine. Here's what I would say to myself. You know what change colors. Let's do it. I would sketch Which Kara, I hope by now you can almost do in your sleep. Hopefully you know that Where will cosecant have asymptotes Where sine is how high? Sandley So normally before the three the answer here would be x equals zero plus multiples of pi Where n is an integer although they probably wouldn't write the zero plus in front and the domain would be x can't be zero plus multiples of pi where n is an integer except they probably wouldn't write the zero plus in front because zero plus pi n is just pi n Now that would be if I just had cosecant of theta what do I have here? I don't just have a theta Trevor. What do I have here three theta? Horizontal or vertical? Because it's next to I got to be careful. It's next to the x I was gonna next to the theta, but you know it's next to the where the x goes. I think I would say this. This is a horizontal Compression by a third Compress them by a third. That's the same as dividing by three. So this is your final answer. This is the Equations of the asymptotes or the domain of cosecant. secant Little trickier given y equals the secant of oh heck x over 2 Tell me the asymptotes Tell me domain. The short answer here is I don't know. I derive it I know that secant goes with which trig function Tyler So you know what I would sketch cosine Which hopefully you know by now looks like that Where that's 2 pi That's pi and this is Pi by 2 and 3 pi by 2 and I would say secant is going to have asymptotes where cosine is zero high Normally secant would have an asymptote x equals pi by 2 Plus multiples of pi it would have a domain of x can't be Pi by 2 plus multiples of pi where n is an integer. Is that okay so far Brett? Okay You want to give the young fella next to you a little elbow. I think he needs it. Oh, he's with me. I Don't know you were over there somewhere gazing off at this base Joel. I don't have an x here though. What do I have here? x over 2 Horizontal or vertical next to the x what is dividing by 2 everything's backwards. What does that actually do a horizontal? What? This is actually Horizontal expansion by 2 So the actual answer is going to be multiply that by 2 Multiply that by 2 or if I ask for the domain, that's what x can't be Multiply that by 2 Multiply that by 2 That works for tangent or cotangent or so if they give me cotangent Brianna. I think about tangent I said you need to know the asymptotes are at positive negative 90 degrees plus or minus pi by 2 My domain is x can't be those and then I just do whatever transformation I use the unit one step rather than try and memorize a whole new method So that's pretty much most of what's going to be on your test I have one more thing we need to do before I completely turn you loose and Bear with me for one second here. Can you get out trig review number one, please? And what I'm gonna do when I gave you some questions to try when I was away I skipped all the asymptote reciprocal trig function questions I'm just going to tell you which ones you can also try for good practice because the textbook unfortunately Doesn't have a lot of good ones. So I Had put this list up The other day when I was away I said questions that are fair game and I'm just going to add here Also, and you can either circle these or write these down Nope Bear with me. I already signed 11. Yeah 12 Bear with me like there were some I did assign 49.  Yeah, as a nasty 90 Which I don't think I signed last time. No, I did not did I sign 92? Nope good 92 We're missing a bunch of questions on this for some reason almost looks like certain pages didn't photocopy or couldn't print I didn't catch that until now. Oh well So with that one you can try those and then if you want to get out trig review number two also Two This is trig review number two.  I said you could do number five But you cannot do number five. Let's go up here You can't do number five yet. That's a trig identity, which is next unit. That was silly 1314 I already said sure 22 27. Oh hang on. Mr. Dude. Don't type there. You're typing here 22 27 So you can add those four Okay, last I have a take home quiz for you. Let me grab it and I hand it out


The DuPont Company presents The Cavalcade of America. Speaking for The DuPont Company, is radio's distinguished news commentator, Gabriel Heater. Good evening, everyone. Tonight's The Cavalcade of America brings you the story of Will Rogers. And I can't recall any time when it seemed more appropriate. Up and down America, millions of us are better Americans because of what Will Rogers left behind. And so tonight, The Cavalcade of America journeys back down memory lane to reach out again for that friendly handshake, that quiet chuckle, Will Rogers. And now, down for his and The DuPont Cavalcade Orchestra, ring up the curtain. They're going to play, sing for your supper, from the latest Rogers and Heart Musical, The Boys from Syracuse. MUSIC Ladies and gentlemen, the narrator and chronicler of The Cavalcade of America, Thomas Chalmers. Tonight, we're going to tell you a story of a man who brought many moments of happiness to his fellow man. A man whose kindness and simple homespun philosophy is a story of all that's noble and permanent in the American character. Hello, folks. All I know is just water, reading the papers. Will Rogers. About the turn of the century on a sunny, dusty plain just outside of Johannesburg in South Africa, a little American one-ring circus and Wild West show is set up. Outside the tent is gathered a group of natives and white settlers, watching the proprietor of the show, Texas Jack, quelling hilarious. In the group stands a gangling young cowboy listening to Texas Jack's feel. Now, folks, you step right up close, little closer, please. That's right. Now, I won't cost you a thing. I have just seen me do this year now's Dupendus rope trick. And I'm making a bonafide and sensational offer of $100 American dollars. $100 good old USA Samoan to any man, woman, or child in the audience who can duplicate that trick. Now, if he thinks he can, just let him step right up here and try it. Just a minute there, brother. Yes, what is it, Father? You don't mind? Well, here's your chance to show off what you can do, Father. Step right this way. Don't be afraid of the crowd. They won't bite you. That's it now. Right down here. Get out of the way, sonny. Let him through, please. All right, Father. Now, here's your rope. Thanks, brother. Well, he must think he's good. All right now, pal. Let's see you do it. Easy does it, you know. Right-slick rope you got here. Sure is doing it pretty good. He's better than the other fellow. That's the ticket, cowboy. You're OK. He's a regular cowboy. I'm sorry, mister. That's just where you're wrong. I never laid eyes on him till this year, a minute. And to prove it, I'm going to take him inside and give him that $100. Now, step inside the tent with me. Yes, sir. I sure will. Right in here. Now, watch your head now. That's it. Yeah. Great little town, your hand is very good. Last time I was here, well, I won't tell you about that. See, it's sure handy with that rope, kid. What's your name? William Penn Adair Rogers. Well, for sure. Now, about that hunter. From the States, ain't ya? Well, sit down. Easy does it, I always say. Thanks, partner. I'm from the Indian Territory, the little old wide-placed road we call Claremont. What are you doing down here in South Africa? Got here sort of roundabout. So I'm a herd-up home and tried to head for South America with a friend. But first we had to go to London, spent two whole days talking for an outfit called Piccadilly Circus. We found out that it was the name of a street. Well, how come you landed down here in South Africa then? Well, from London we headed for South America. Dick, he's my friend, got home sick and went back on the boat. Then I come on over here at the Boer War. Guess it ended about the same day I landed here. I've been training some remounts for the Army. And that's all. So I was mighty glad to get that chance at that $100. Yes, sir, and you sure earned it, too. Now, can you handle a horse as well as you can rope? Oh, sure. Loaded the range ever since I could straddle a horse. Well, how'd you like to join my outfit here is right in Ropa. Going on to Australia. What do you say? Suits me. I started out to see the world and get a little fun on the side. Don't matter whether it's Australia or South Africa. Well, then it's all settled.  Just a minute, mister. How about that $100?  But I sure do need it, plenty. I'm broke. That's so. Well, tell you the truth, pardon me. Kind of hard up myself. But I'll tell you, I'll put you in my show instead. And I'll bill you as the Cherokee kid. What do you say?  And a chance to see some more of the world. Why, I reckon so. Sure. So with Texas Jack's little one-ring circus, Will Rogers, the Cherokee kid, played South Africa or Australia in the Orient. Circus life was tiring, and Bill was glad when the show crossed the Pacific and set up in San Francisco. But the young cowboy was homesick, so he went back to Claremore, Oklahoma for a rest. Coming out of the Nickelodeon one night, he strolled down the main street. Well, thank you, God back. Well, if it ain't Zach Mollholley, you old new, new fellow there, feller.  Yeah, you should have caught me. I was a Cherokee kid. God. Yeah. Got back to Frisco, wearing my overalls for underwear. What you doing, Zach? Well, I'm getting together an outfit for the pike at the St. Louis Exposition. A lot of your old friends gone along. I'd like to have you with us, Bill. Thanks, Zach. I'll just, I'll think it over. Don't go on it. Kind of tame around here, roping horses out an audience. Well, what do you know about that? The fortune teller's booth over there. Claremore is getting to be a big town, all right? Tell your fortune for a dime, then. Step right this way into the Gypsy Tend on their dime. Say, Bill, get your fortune told? What say? Oh, it's just a lot of fake stuff, Zach. Haven't got anything you want to keep a secret, have you? Not that I know of. Well, go on in. You may get the surprise of your life. Say, I might at that. Wait here for me, Zach. Will you? All right, Bill. OK, Zuleki, here's your dime. Ah, oh, you have a very strange answer. It's amazing. I see here. I know you don't. That bump's where a mule bit me. But I, yes, I see great fortune ahead of you. You, yes, you will become very famous. You will be on the stage. You will talk everywhere. People will pay to hear you. Ah, that's enough. Never heard of such foolishness my whole life. Why, who'd ever pay to listen to a Cherokee cowhand like me? Leaving Claremont, Will Rogers joined Jack Mulholl's Wild West show. But after a while, Will grew tired of the circus business and teamed up with another cowboy in a rope and pony voter bill act. One night, he's standing in the wings of a feather. Another performer in the show walks up beside him, and they watch the act out on the stage. We ain't been doing so well this week, bud.  Ain't seem to get them worked up.   The audience don't get the trick of it. Go on out and explain it to them first. Oh, shucks, I ain't no talker. Well, give them the same line you do backstage here. Just kidding. What are you afraid of? I need a talk in that, that's all. But I might try it out on them once, maybe. Well, here's my cue.  Give them a little spew. All right, might as well try anything once. Good luck, Bill. Stop that noise, you folks. That goes for you too, professor. Ladies and gentlemen, on the call, you're shown enough attention to this next little stunt I'm going to pull on you, as I'm going to throw about two of these ropes at once, catching the pony with one and the rider with the other. Don't have any idea, get it? Here goes. Good stuff. Don't try to kid me, brother. That gang out there is laughing at me. Why, sure they are. You're funny, you don't know it. It's the way you talk. Well, let me tell you something. I can talk as good as any of them, and a whole lot better than some. I ain't never going to open my trap on the stage again to make a fool out of myself. It took Will Rogers a long time to discover that what a forgotten performer had told him was true. That his witted geniality would make him famous. He soon dropped out of the Polian Rope Act and found that audiences enjoyed having him stand up on a stage and in his dry, drawing voice talked to them in the droll fashion that later made him famous. He got one of those characteristic telegrams from Franz Ziegfeld and joined the followings. When he came out on the stage with his inevitable chewing gum and rope, everybody set up to listen. Thank you. Thank you, folks. This is just sort of a little interlude, folks, to keep you in your seats and help Mr. Ziegfeld out while the girls are changing their outfits for you. You know, we sure had quite a lot of trouble keeping our girls together on tour. Every town we went to, some of them would marry millionaires, you know. Yeah, letting a few weeks I'd be divorced and catch up with the show again. You know, women are like elephants. I like to look at them, but I'd hate to own them. You know, folks, I tell you, if they just put a lot of these here followings puppets on that peace ship in the same sort of costumes they wear here, you know, they'd get the soldier boys out of the trenches, but Christmas. Not only that, but I'm telling you, they'd have cars or bills and Lloyd George and Clement Soak shooting craps to see which one had head the line to the stage door. Well, here they come and there I go. See you there, Mr. Rogers. Say, I almost forgot, here's another telegram from Mr. Ziegfeld. Huh? Can you beat that?  Hello, Mr. Rogers. Hi, hi. Good evening, Mr. Rogers. Hello. How's it going, Mr. Rogers? Oh, hey, you're there. Wait, I don't talk to you, sister. Just, yeah, just wait a second. You know, I see that that fellers is out there again in the second row. Yeah, eight nights straight now, ain't it? Yeah, cute, isn't it? Yeah, well, say that's a real sure enough pretty necklace I've seen you wearing when you come in tonight. Yes, it is nice, isn't it? And yeah, kinda like getting into limousine every night after the show, don't you? Well, it sure beats the subway. And he's a smart-looking young chap, too. What does he do for a living? Oh, he doesn't have to work. He has millions in his family. Huh? Well, let me tell you something, sister. Hope you won't mind my telling you this. But when it comes to a question of choosing a feller that can earn his own meal ticket and a guy that inherits his, you're safer choosing the first one. Because if the other feller loses his, where are you? Well, out in the cold, I guess. Darn toot me, your sister. I've seen a lot in... I know. Well, thanks. Thanks, Mr. Rogers. I'll remember what you say. This is Mr. Rogers, sir. Thank you. What can I do for you, mister? Just come on in the dressing room. Sit down. Well, get right down to business, Mr. Rogers. I represent a newspaper syndicate. We'd like to have you do a feature article for us using the same line and technique you do in your act. Just rambling along naturally. Speaking in the vernacular. The which? Don't believe I quite follow you. Well, we'd like to have you write articles for us the same way you talk. Just sort of talk in print, huh? That's right. Well, maybe I could. Never thought I'd ever get so I could talk to folks out front. But I'm still practicing.  I ain't a literary man. All I know is just water reading the papers. So the Cherokee kid became a columnist and soon an international character. He left the Follies in 1926 to travel in Europe as America's minister without portfolio and ambassador of goodwill. When he returned to the United States, President Coolidge invited him to the White House. Bill put on his best blue suit and went down to see the president in Washington. President Coolidge, Mr. Will Rogers. Glad to have you here, Mr. Rogers. Big pardon. I didn't quite catch the name. Coolidge, Vermont. Oh, thank you. Hello, Charlie. Hi, Joe. Hello, Nick. Step down, won't you? All right. I've been looking forward to hearing you tell me all about your trip abroad. I feel you've rendered a real service over there as a sort of beneficial ambassador of goodwill. Well, now, Mr. President, I don't want to pick no quarrel with you right off the bat. But, uh, confidentially, I can't bear being called any ambassador of goodwill. Makes me feel like a kind of a patent medicine, you know, good for man or beast. Still, you did us a lot of good over that this time. I've been so much worried. Oh, God. I never knew any Vermonter to do much worrying on $75,000 a year. Pardon me, Mr. President. Ambassador Morrow is here. Now, have him come in. Mr. Morrow. Oh, good evening, Ambassador. Mr. President. I want you to meet Will Rogers. Ambassador Morrow, Will. How did you do, Mr. Ambassador? Glad to meet you. I feel as if I knew you very well indeed, Mr. Rogers. We were just talking about Mr. Rogers' trip abroad. Well, a pretty near didn't get over there at all, as a matter of fact. Had some trouble getting the pass for it. You see, we don't have no birth certificate down where I come from in Oklahoma. They just take it for granted that if a man's alive, why, he must have been born. But your folks down here at the passport office, just looking at me, they just wasn't convinced one bit that I was really here. Had an awful time finding a man that could swear to him that I was really alive. Of course, if it had been one of your congressmen, I could have understood. How did you find the service on our American line? Well, I managed to get across with eight of a couple of lemons, but the line made money on me. I understand everybody in Europe enjoyed your visit. Well, I don't know, Mr. Ambassador. I saw about everybody, everything there was to see. And it's just awful, nice to me, every last one of them. You know, folks is folks when you get at the right side, no matter whether they're kings or cowboys. About the only thing I missed was in Cairo. Now, what was that? I guess it was the only tourist there who never went out to see the Spinks. I told him I didn't need to. I'd done seen Cal Cooley. Well, it's certainly good to hear you laugh, Mr. President. Call that a laugh? I think I have a good idea, Mauro. That's why I ask you to come here and meet Will. You'd better take him into Mexico with you, as Yuma might help to smooth things out down there. If you can make President Cai's laugh, it will help me at this particular time. That's a pretty solemn Indian we have to deal with. I don't say anything against Indians. Now, my papa, he is 1-8th Cherokee. Mama, she is 4th. Guess that makes me about 1-8th cigar store Indian. Indian is all right, though, boy. Yes, sir. My folks didn't come over on the Mayflower, but they met the bull. Ha-ha-ha-ha! Will Rogers continued serving his country in his fellow man. Relief causes, floods, earthquakes, and disaster brought his cheerful smile and kind charity to their age. After a few years, he was called to Hollywood, and the lovable whimsical characters he created on the screen are not likely to be forgotten. His old car was a familiar sight on the movie set. The bill in the front seat is typewriter on his knees, picking out his daily call. Hold on over here a minute. I want you to read something. Say, Bill, huh? Wiley Post just came in the lot. He's looking for you. Now, before you get tied up with him, I'd like to have you look over this new story. Oh, we got plenty of time for that. Wiley's flying on up to Seattle first. I'm going to join him as soon as he's ready, about a week. You know, I got an old car dropping point bare on one of this. I'll be back now. I'll be back in time to start with you boys. Just go, don't worry.  All right, Bill. Huh? Remember me, don't you? Well, howdy, old timer. Where'd you hail from? Right. You and me used to ride together with Zach Mulhaugh's outfit. Yeah? That sure was a mighty big show, wasn't it? Hey, you look kind of like you'd been ridden instead of old. Here you go, boy. Yeah, hey, good luck. Say, thanks, Bill. This will sure help. Do you ever see him before? Not to say if all the fellers had come to me and say there's some Zach's old outfit. If this telling the truth, it'd fill the whole state Oklahoma.  Wait a minute. Looks like Wiley's found you, coming this way. See if you can postpone that flight, will you, Bill? Ah, now I'm not postponing nothing. Hello, Wiley? Just sat there on the running board now, and just make yourself at home. I'll be done now, just to jiffle. And we'll slip on out the ramp. Oh, though we're looking at your bungalow, Bill. The anti-place they fixed for you. Yeah, they got the old cute, ain't they? Electric kitchen, lots of Indian trophies, fitted it up for moving picture stars instead of an old cowboy like me. I got all I need right here, Wiley, right in this old rumble seat. And it's sort of private, you know. At least I can see who's coming at me. OK, we'll take it. You ready, Bill? Yeah, coming right along. Wiley, now you just sprawl yourself out here in the car. Take a snooze, boy. Cover your face up with a newspaper. Nobody can tell whether you're awake or not. I'd do it all the time. As we all know, Will Rogers met Wiley post in Seattle, where they began their flight to Alaska. At Fairbanks, they set the plane down to refuel and chat with the head of the airport. And you know, I wish you'd see it. This gets made at home, Joe. It's a bandy fox piece, Bill. Sure, I will. I think you two ought to wait over another day or so, Bill, till the weather clears. Just got a report of fog all along your route up the Point Barrel. And it's registering 45 below now. Oh, that's OK, Joe. If I tell you if we'll meet bad weather, we'll just set her down, see, and open up a can of chili. We'll throw party till it clears, won't we, Wiley? Ah, yeah. I can't hear you, Bill. Everything's all right to start when you're ready to go. Well, Wiley's kind of a cow-cooled, Joe, in conversation. None of it going to bother you being too long.  I seem to get off right away, Bill. All right, Bill. OK, here we go, off for somewhere. Goodbye, Joe. Had a fine time here. See you the next time we're around this way. Goodbye, Bill. Bye, Wiley. Good luck. I smell of that, Joe. I guess you put it in there like everyone, don't you, Bill? Well, Wiley, I've said it before, and I'll say it again. I never met a man I didn't like. To make his fellow men happy, he spoke simple, homely truths. His lance was clear, straight thinking, his opponent's shield, sham, and pretence. Today, Will Rogers has two shrines, one of stone and bronze standing on a windswept hill near his hometown of Claremont, Oklahoma, the other in the hearts of his fellow men. Oh, Gabriel Heter with a story of chemistry. Let me tell you tonight about a story of chemistry I found in a recent headline, termites eating up flaws of public building. And back of an alarming headline, here's what I found. An enemy boring away night and day eating wood and digesting it too. Up and down America, it goes on night and day. Termites taking alarming toll each year, leaving behind a trail of damage and destruction. Measured in dollars, an estimated damage of $40 million every year. But DuPont research chemists, wood preservation experts, they went to work, and their collaboration produced a chemical which made wood unfit to eat, but even better fitted for man's use. And any self-respecting termite just had to pass it up. Out of a wonderland of chemistry, chromated zinc chloride. And here's a quick roll call of what it does in addition to robbing termites of their dinner. It prevents dry rot or decay caused by rot-producing fungi. These, incidentally, do even more damage than termites. It makes wood fire resistant, the most amazing of all. Actual tests have shown when lumber has been treated by chromated zinc chloride. It will last from three to 10 times as long as untreated lumber. Another product for treating wood has just been announced by DuPont. It's called New Improved Lignisand. The result of 10 years' research. A new chemical which you probably will never see, yet it will save America's lumber industry millions of dollars by protecting lumber against an ugly discoloration called sap stain. And lumber will come to you bright and clean. Living evidence, ladies and gentlemen, of chemical research. It works night and day for everybody's well-being. Night and day, billions, trillions of insects take a fearful toll, destroying crops and gardens, carry disease and rob us all in some way. Japanese beetles, house flies, the coddling moth, just to mention a few. I saw them all at the DuPont experimental station in screened cages and working day in and day out to find quicker, cheaper, better ways to destroy them for DuPont chemists working for your well-being and mine. That's what is meant by the DuPont pledge, better thing for better living through chemistry. Next week at the same time, DuPont again presents the Cavalcade of America. A pretty girl is like a melody from Ziegfeld Follies of 1919. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Marines with the Tactical Air Operations Center hosted soldiers from 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment during their Marine Division Tactics course on Camp Hanson. It's given us this opportunity again to re-familiarize ourselves and reinforce those skills, educate each other on what our missions and roles are so we can better work together. The soldiers were briefed on Marine Air Control Squadron 4's mission on Okinawa and given a tour of the exercise area. This is just another great opportunity to come out here and work together in a joint environment and we look forward to continuing this relationship and building upon our tactics, techniques and procedures. The exercise allowed the soldiers to see how their Marine counterparts operate in field conditions. Marine Corporal T. and Eagle, Camp Hanson, Okinawa.


Cooper cup before we say anything else. I want to open this pack, and I'm praying there's a nasty super cool animation for this Cooper cup I know he's the first true gold 99 in the game. No, he's not Tom Brady was I lied. He's insane I know that much you guys are in for an amazing game play.    We do look similar All right enough sucking my own waiter it catches 92 yards to touchdowns I think Stafford would have got it he hadn't thrown that really bad interception one that he just kind of chucked it Also, you could make a case that maybe Aaron Donald kind of deserved it He did have an incredible game of Cooper cup carried this whole season the greatest season ever by a wide receiver An NFL history 99 overall Cooper cup 96 speed 88 jump It honestly reminds me of the Super Bowl MVP Edelman because obviously As far as Madness concerned, he probably won't be the best wide receiver when it's all said and done He's gonna be insane right now, but even like a month from now. He won't be that good He's 62 to away 96 speed 99 catches sick his route running is incredible. We're gonna make him nascent You know what 80 run block. I love the 80 run block. He's a great run blocking wide receiver So if I'm a run Smartfield peek zone bubble over to his side, I feel pretty confident. He's gonna land a hammer He has literally five slots for abilities, which is insane the route runner wide receiver I don't know what I'm gonna want here, but let's figure it out route tech for 3ap. That one's obvious We can get so many things here red zone threat. So route tech red zone threat I'll use a hot row master quarterback So he doesn't need any of those quicker turning and changing direction after a rat catch So human joystick after a rack wouldn't be bad. I say we go jukebox. I don't really spin. So we'll use jukebox recuperation Recuperation I'm sorry. I'm sorry.   This Cooper cup is stacked It might make more sense to give him rack him up He's like a real life. He should have rack him up, but double me is such a better ability I have to go with that. He's loaded Look at his guard.  We've also got Jamar Chase Why not so we'll have Cooper cup Debo Samuel Jamar Chase. This is going to be insane I can't wait. Don't worry. You're getting your own video on Jamar Chase So you'll see a lot more of him later for now We're just gonna get after it with this gold 99 Super Bowl MVP Cooper cup. All right boys. Let's happen Oh, oh, oh the house rules house rules is crazy and it is perfect for a guy like Cooper cup So in this new house rules throw down show down you get penalized for running the ball You not only lose two points, but your opponent gets two points if you run the football at all, so don't do it You get 18 points for a 25 plus yard touchdown pass.   Oh, it's not open But can he go up? Okay, that was the least grit I've seen out of you ever what where'd your motor go, bud?  Oh? He's got Herbert to her but in the Bengals you need there's one more rule I forgot you get a fifth down. It looks so weird. It'll say like fifth and one. It's so weird just to see But it's real. Where are you gonna throw this? No, no, no, no fourth and two. Is he gonna run them all? Oh Jaylin Ramsey always just lurked it right there look at that like I said look at how weird that looks fifth and two Let's go, baby. You're not handing it off. Oh my god He does not only does he not get it, but he's gonna lose points. Wait what you got that I can't believe they gave that to him Herbert. You're mine. Oh, I didn't get it He's got a lot open Okay, you got all that open here in his real pick. All right, bud You're giving Cooper cups some new options here to blazer being your team here. Let's go with the stop and go I have no idea if this works, but I want to try it. Okay. I love that Not even a soul even tried to block them second and 34 Cooper cup. I need you there.  Let's get Cooper cup coming across formation here. Yeah, he's on the wrong dude No way he can stop this beauty Juke right? Okay, Cooper cup Let's learn how we got all of his yards this season.  Let him figure it out Herbert's out there Cooper cup is wide open. Catch it Let's go. That should be a deep don't name a bro. Don't name a ruin the whole thing Why did you do that 24 and 2 that's a rage quit well done, Cooper cup two point a version I take it back. He did not rage quit. Maybe he was a subscriber. I don't know, but we also have read some threat So this isn't the worst throw in the world throw right side. I know you want to throw right here You want to throw right up here? All right, let's get on Herbert. Yeah, I'm going to say Simmons. Hey, I actually feel bad That was so unfair. I say Simmons get in there check Thompson. No, he got out How did he get out of that? Well played. I'm gonna fake the blitz this time. Yep, and I'm just gonna sit right here No Like you only get two points for that cuz he loses four and then gets six. It's gonna be yeah 12. Yeah, it's not I can't say that's the smartest idea. I Am just I am all over this No way. All right, Cooper cup. Hey, you know what looks like he's giving me a chance to run this scorer Let's see Cooper cup on this corner route It's not there, but wait playmaker wait step up go Cooper.  Can we make a move up here though? Oh my Double me is activated.  He was like quadruple team so Whatever we're gonna. No, we didn't just oh my god.  Ah, he lost his x-factor. I'm a little sad. He lost his x-factor, but I'm happy I see single coverage on him.  That was a one-handed rat catch in double cover.  He's that I don't think that's man I think it's zone.   Oh, that's probably an INT. Okay bad play. I was hoping that's still be man Game is over. We win by a it was a dominating victory run by about 26 and I can view the postgame summary Thank God 123 passer rating for my Herbert, but his Herbert at a 22 Cooper cup nine receptions what I read that wrong I read 128. It wasn't it was I had a little dyslexia moment. It was 218 24 average yards for reception one touchdown. Oh my God also a huge shout out to Ray Khan for sponsoring today's video Ray Khan makes amazing premium wireless earbuds in my ear right now is the everyday earbuds They come in this awesome little case right here and they look feel and sound better than ever They have optimized gel tips for a perfect in-ear fit They're super comfortable and they are definitely not gonna fall out They all for eight hours of playtime and a 32 hour battery life and they are priced perfectly You get quality audio at half the price of other premium audio brands It is no wonder that Ray Khan's everyday earbuds have over 48,000 five-star reviews. So absolutely grab yourself a pair There's a link in the top of description or go to buy Ray Khan dot com forward slash MMG to get 15% off your Ray Khan purchase check it out y'all and enjoy the rest of the video Do you have a LSU theme team sir? I think this is an LSU theme team for the most part his three-letter abbreviation is LSU So it's not the worst guess in the world trying to roll and get Cooper Cump into space He is on Hendricks though, so he's gonna see me doing this dude Just gonna dump it off to Darren Waller was gonna make some good plays We just had to get some yards. We couldn't string anything together right now Booper bump right over the middle. We're gonna stop and go Hendricks Juke to the right Seven come on cup. Oh fifth and six. This is looking good. I think Cooper Cups gonna be open. Is he there?  Let's go. That was it. What we're doing is so cheeky. It's working This is Cooper Cup IRL. He's adjusting to some degree. There's Cooper Cupp. He can't stop it.  It's been 20. Let's get Cup Cookin. Cooper Cup Cookin. I think he sees it, but it doesn't matter It's Cooper Cup, baby There's Cooper Cupp, but Gaddy is dominating Don't you dare you tackle Cooper. Oh, that Juke was gross. Two-point convert. I haven't been very good at these so far, but that was wow That's your good game. I was kind of on the phone for that, but it's all right Cooper's kind of open. Oh my god, Herbert.  He loves cell and plays.  Why not? Why not, right? Boy. All right That's probably why cuz his user followed it all the way, but I still respect our our play calling second and 17 a little play action, I've got that We're gonna take him down anyway That is so not open. No way dude.  Let's go More than six our ball back. We're gonna pitch it cuz we're no no way. No way.  Oh I saw it too late pull off mine. Oh, I play action Good That's just so frustrating to have done against you takes the check down smart man Take the left side. Take the left side. I'm fine with that. Oh, that's a big boy fourth and four more big stop here Let him run it. Let him run it. Oh, I wish he had read it. He's playing for the win It's 59 he has to get it here. Yeah, he's playing for one final play with no time on the clock I respect the hell out of it. Come on boys Was electric to start that game and that's exactly what I need to close it out because we barely won that one That was a really good one post game summary. It was a Herbert off Mine play a little bit better just by a bit seven for 151 and an electric juke it took us all at the end So that was sick. All right boys. That's it.  Cooper Cup is a million times better than I thought he was gonna be in This game. I can definitely say that. Oh my god And hey, I hope you guys enjoyed this is an absolute blast and I'll see you in the next video peace out