Hi, thanks everyone for coming to another C2C Care webinar. We're gonna give it just a few minutes for the room to populate. But as always, this is a timely bunch. So everyone's coming on time, which is always appreciated. So I'm gonna start with just a couple of really quick slides and then we're gonna get into today's program. You are here today for another C2C Care webinar. This one's called Where to Find Aid and How to Get Training for Disasters. My name is Robin Bauer-Kilgo and I am the C2C Care Coordinator and I'm located just outside of Washington, DC in Silver Spring, Maryland. Again, after just a couple of these few quick slides, we are gonna go ahead and get today's program started. That's me again. If you need to reach out to me for any reason for the program, feel free to email me at C2CC at culturalheritage.org. As always, this is our home on the web, connectingtocollections.org. On that website, if you're new with us, you will find the entire archives of Connecting to Collections Care. The program is over 10 years old, so it's quite an archive of webinars on there. You'll also see links to our curated resources, a link to our moderated community, which is a great place to ask questions and anything else you might think might be useful for the actual program itself. And we have two homes on social media. We are on Facebook and Twitter, so you can follow us there for any kind of announcements for upcoming program or anything else you might be interested in our program. There are two ways to communicate with our presenter today. We have access to a chat box, which is somewhere where you can say hello and let people know either where you're located or anything else, or even talk about the weather today. I know we were just chatting in the green room beforehand that it's gotten a bit colder again in some of our locations, which is very interesting, so feel free to share that if you'd like to. Oh, and let me go back real quick. The other way that you can actually communicate to our panelists is through the Q&A box. Now, we will have a dedicated Q&A section at the end of this program. We do encourage you at any point to put a question in the Q&A box. It's a great way to communicate with us. Again, we direct those questions to the Q&A box because it is slightly easier to track them within that box. You also note that we've enabled closed captioning for this program, so if you hit the CC button, you'll actually be able to access closed captioning, and we are recording today's program. So if you happen to miss it or dip out early, you'll be able to see a recording in a few days on our C2C Care website. We do have, actually, today, it looks like we're finalizing out our entire slate of summer programming, which I'm pretty excited about, but as of right now, we have one officially announced on our website that you can register for. On June 7th, from 1 to 2 p.m., we'll be talking to our colleagues over at CCAHA about their Collections Management Policy Toolkit, which is a great way for institutions to kind of work on their collections management policy, which is one of those core documents within the collection. They have a great new tool that they can actually use to talk about it. So I would encourage you to sign up for that webinar if you're gonna be working on it. As for other future things, keep an eye on our website and those social media feeds, and you'll be finding out about our slate of summer programming very soon. So we have a jam-packed program today. All circled around Mayday and emergency programming, and basically how to find training for emergency disasters, where to get resources, all that fun stuff. We have four presenters scheduled for today. We have Lori Foley from HENTF, who is gonna be here presenting first. We also have Elena Gregg, who's my colleague over at FAIC, who handles emergency programming. We have Stacey Bo, who's the training program manager at Smithsonian Cultural Resource Initiative, and Adam Rush, who's a senior consulting engineer for an architectural firm located here in DC. So we're excited to talk about today's program. I'm gonna go ahead and stop sharing my screen briefly, and we are gonna ask Lori to go ahead and get started with her section of the program. So Lori, feel free to take over and start sharing your screen whenever you are ready. Thank you, Robin. Okay, you can see that, correct? Not yet, now you can, yes. It looks perfect, you can go for it. All right, so thank you, Robin, and good day or good evening to everyone who is tuning in. I'm gonna be referring to the Heritage Emergency National Task Force by its acronym, pronounced HENTF, because it's quite a mouthful. As HENTF coordinator, I work in that unique space where cultural heritage and emergency management intersect at the federal level. HENTF's mission is based on connecting the cultural community with the emergency management community, and this concept is gonna be resonating throughout today's presentations. When I speak to emergency managers, I often find that I have to explain that the arts and culture sector comprises more than just museums. It spans so much more than even what's noted here. I constantly remind emergency managers, including those at the Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA where I work, that when disaster strikes a community, recovery of these very institutions is vital for the economic, social, artistic, religious, and civic life of that community. As you well know, if these institutions, if your institutions don't recover, the community never fully recovers. HENTF is co-sponsored by FEMA's Office of Environmental Planning and Historic Preservation and the Smithsonian Cultural Rescue Initiative, and Stacy is here to talk about SCRI and HENTF as well. Today, we advocate for the protection of cultural heritage in the arts, and we do that every single day. I wanna first give you a 30,000-foot view on disasters, which are increasing in frequency as well as severity. In 2022, the US experienced 18 separate weather and climate disasters that cost at least $1 billion. As you can see, the events range from drought and heat waves in the West to severe weather in central and north-central US to tornadoes in the Southeast and hurricanes in Florida, Fiona, Ian, and Nicole. Damages from the 2022 disasters totaled $165.1 billion, and that's billion with a B. This is how FEMA shares disaster-specific information with the public. When a disaster is declared, that means that the president has approved a federal disaster aid request made by a state or territory to support its efforts to respond and recover. The highlighted areas indicate which counties have been approved for this assistance. As you know, California has been pummeled by severe weather and successive atmospheric storms. This is the latest California declaration made on April 3rd. Memorize those highlighted counties because a disaster was declared for these counties in January of this year when the first of 14 atmospheric rivers started rolling over the state. Recovery efforts of California are going to stretch into years. The two of us at FEMA, who work full-time at FEMA, who administer HENTF, couldn't possibly address all the disasters that have been occurring. So HENTF amplifies its efforts through its members. Among its 19 federal members are culture-related agencies such as the Library of Congress, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Endowment for the Arts, among many others. I hope you're a member of at least one of HENTF's 43 national service organizations such as AAM or ALA, and I'll explain why in a moment. HENTF leverages this network to help FEMA and our federal partners connect with and assist cultural institutions and arts organizations at the local level. That's you. FEMA looks at emergency management as a continuum rather than the circular construct you're probably more familiar with. HENTF's work spans the full emergency management continuum from preparedness through recovery. FEMA's ready.gov provides preparedness guidance for a range of hazards, but I have to hasten to add that it's guidance for individuals, not institutions. There's no need to reinvent the wheel when it comes to identifying the hazards that can affect your organization. It's the job of your local emergency manager to know what those hazards are. Use this research into hazards as an opportunity to connect with your local emergency manager. So what exactly does HENTF do? Following a major disaster declaration, HENTF wants to know which institutions have been affected, which ones have not, and the extent and severity of the damage. Knowing these answers helps us support the federal response, but these questions cannot be answered at the federal level. They have to come from the local level. And who's at the local level? You. After an event such as a flood or a wildfire, I ask these entities to share information with and ask for reports of damage from you as the boots on the ground. But you won't receive critical information or assistance if you're not connected to at least one of these entities. The first URL that's posted here links to the preparedness tips that you see on the slide, which I welcome you to share at any time. Monitor disaster information via your state emergency management agency, and this link provides you a list of those agencies. If you live or work in a hurricane prone area, or even if you're simply interested in a major disaster, the National Hurricane Center is an indispensable resource for up-to-date information. I encourage you to get involved with your state and or regional associations for many reasons, but for my purpose, it's because they serve as two-way conduits of vital disaster information. Regional Conservation and Preservation Centers, such as the Conservation Center for Art and Historic Artifacts, offer extensive disaster resources. Join an Alliance for Response Network. You'll hear more about AFR from Elena Gregg. And finally, become acquainted with the federal public assistance process by starting with the overview noted here. Among Hentep's many recovery actions, we draw on the diverse expertise of our members to deliver technical assistance, guidance, and resources. In the left photo, following Hurricane Maria, Hentep worked to bring training and mold removal and health and safety to Puerto Rico's cultural stewards. On the right is a theater in Mayfield, Kentucky, with the wall behind the stage completely missing after destructive tornado struck Western Kentucky in December, 2021. Hentep has been working with federal partners and the Kentucky Arts Council to bring support to artists and arts and culture organizations following this event. And for the July 2022 flooding that occurred in Eastern Kentucky, which you'll also hear about later. Public Assistance, or PA, is the FEMA grant program that provides federal funding to state and local governments and private nonprofit organizations following a presidential disaster declaration. The PA process is hard to understand and even harder to navigate. When your organization is hit by a disaster, do you know what to do in terms of requesting funds to help you recover? The reference for federal recovery is FEMA's Public Assistance Program and Policy Guide, which is fondly referred to in the federal government, or at least at FEMA, as Papa G. The current edition is 277 pages long, so I strongly encourage you to start now to become familiar with Papa G before disaster befalls your organization. This field guide in English and Spanish was published last year by N.Kaper, a Hentep member, the National Coalition for Arts Preparedness and Emergency Response. It was created with a lot of input from many federal agencies to help demystify federal disaster relief for the arts and culture sector. It helps artists and arts organizations see what's available, understand clearly what isn't available, and decide if pursuing federal aid and not just FEMA's Public Assistance, whether that's a good use of your time, but don't be misled by the title. It also applies to cultural institutions. Do check out Hentep's robust resources. And that's a quick overview of assistance available through FEMA. I'm Lori Foley of the Heritage Emergency National Task Force. Thank you. Thank you, Lori. That was great. We were really hoping, with that first segment, to really show all of you institutions who are listening, kind of where you might find some immediate resources in times of emergencies. So now we're going to go ahead and transition into some more trained volunteers and volunteer in the training aspect of emergencies and emergency response. Our next two presenters up are going to be Elena Gregg and Adam Rush. They are more than welcome to take over whenever they are ready. Oh, and I should also add that FAIC are doing their annual May Day giveaway, which is always very exciting for them. I'm going to put a link in the chat right now. If you enter in for a raffle, you will get, I believe, pre-registration to a C2C Care course, Elena, and some other pay-de-fun prizes. So feel free to take over whenever you're ready. I think I'm opening this up and then we'll share with Canada to Elena afterwards. Hi, everyone. My name is Adam Rush. I'm a structural engineer with Simpson, Gumperts, and Hager. I'm a, that's my day job. And then I'm also a volunteer task lead with APT Dry. Now, you may ask, was APT Dry? And that really is the purpose of this presentation. All right, let me get into the correct thing. There we go. So first, let's introduce the parent organization, APT, APT International. APT is a multidisciplinary member organization that promotes technology and the best technology for preserving our built environment. They, we've really created a collaborative environment for sharing and gathering information and working on really complex and challenging subjects to prepare and keep existing buildings functioning. Now, APT's mission, let me just have to move something off screen here so I can read it. APT's mission just to help cement it is to advance appropriate traditional and new technologies to care for, protect, and promote the longevity of the built environment and to cultivate the exchange of knowledge throughout the international community. The Disaster Response Initiative, or Dry, was established in 2017, so we're still a pretty young task organization under APT and our mission is to leverage the preservation expertise of the parent organization to improve heritage structures performance impacted by disasters. Now, that performance can be during an event to reduce the damage to the structure and then after an event to improve the recovery time. And this is really the definition of resilience. Now, we are focusing on three avenues to improve our outreach and that is assist after events to deploy to sites after a disaster to help with triage and looking at establishing priorities for building owners of what to repair and where to focus their resources. We also look at educating organizations through webinars and workshops just like this. And a big part of what we're doing is collaborating with other like-minded partner organizations like the NHR and Hentuff and many other similar ones. Now, where does the Disaster Response Initiative come in or dry? We're not gonna be coming in as first responders with search and rescue similar to, whoops. So if you see the spray paint that I just highlighted, that is marking for search and rescue teams to let folks know that they've gone in and looked in the building. We're not part of that wave. We're really coming in after the events happened, after some of the dust has settled and looking at how do we help people protect their structures. Now, APT Dry is a volunteer organization and our leaders are all professionals throughout the community. I'm a structural engineer. Rachel is a envelope consultant. So looking at the performance of the envelope of the building. Will is another structural engineer in Canada. So we are growing gradually, admittedly are reached internationally. And Trish is a program director at Drayton Hall. So she provides a great resource to help folks navigate, how do you get RFPs out? How do you actually find technical professionals to work on your buildings? So for more information, go to our website, apt.org. And also if you're in the Seattle area or interested in coming out to Seattle, we are putting on a disaster workshop as part of the annual conference for APT. So that is in October. And now I think it will be Elena's turn. Thank you, Adam. Let me show my screen here. Okay. I think I have the display correct this time. Cool. All right. Hi everybody. As Robin said earlier, I'm Elena Gregg. I'm the emergency programs manager for the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation or FAIC. And today throughout the course of today, I'm gonna talk about both the National Heritage Responders and Alliance for Response. But for this portion of today, I'm gonna talk about NHR. So the National Heritage Responders, there we go, are one of our key emergency programs. They're a volunteer corps that is comprised of about 120 active volunteers. They're intentionally located all over the country. And we also onboard people according to their specialty. So we have conservation professionals, archivists, collection managers, curators. We have several emergency managers and allied professionals as well. And they are involved with emergencies kind of in three different capacities. So we have an emergency hotline, which is at the bottom of the screen, but the number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. That is staffed by our volunteers 24-7. So if you have a collections emergency and want some initial advice, you can call that number. Whoever's monitoring the hotline, if the question is outside of their expertise, then they will phone the rest of the volunteer corps and somebody will be able to get back to you. Typically, this process takes about 24 hours total, I mean, to get a response to whatever question you're going to ask. And then we recently started a public helpline email about two years ago, nhrpublichelpline at culturalheritage.org. This is a way to send in any questions about personal items that you're concerned about. Our same volunteer corps will get back to you via email. They also have a virtual assessment and deployment model that has been in place since the pandemic and has really enabled us to expand our reach pretty substantially. So after an initial phone call or email, we can set up a time to do a virtual assessment. We can either do that through Zoom or FaceTime or we can just have you all send questions in and then provide some feedback over the phone. And then finally, the third arm of this is in-person deployments. These are a little more complicated because they are funding dependent, but historically we've deployed after large-scale disasters such as Superstorm Sandy, Hurricanes Irma Maria and Harvey, but most recently we had a series of deployments to Eastern Kentucky. And Adam and I thought that it would be helpful to kind of put our groups in context with a case study since both FAIC and APT worked together on the third deployment to Eastern Kentucky. So I'm gonna kind of set up how the deployments came to be and then Adam is gonna come back on and describe his experience deploying in person since he was one of the people on site. So here's a timeline of just the whole process of our deployments to Kentucky. In short and late July, from July 25th to the 30th, there was deadly thousand year flooding in Eastern Kentucky. On July 30th, we received several calls to the NHR hotline from impacted institutions in the area, one of which took us up on our offer to do a virtual assessment. We had just finalized our virtual assessment model earlier that year in 2022. So we were excited to kind of see how it went. Over the next few days and after we understood the extent of damage and had concrete requests from institutions on the ground that wanted in-person volunteer support, we submitted a request for an NEH chair grant on August 10th to support a series of in-person deployments. Between when we submitted our request for funding to when we were notified that we would be able to facilitate these deployments, which was about a two month period, we stayed involved in the region by shipping PPE, personal protective equipment to institutions in the area. We also both Rebecca Elder, who's our NHR coordinator and I attended coordination calls with the Kentucky Arts Council and other groups that were kind of just trying to gauge the extent of damage in the region. And then ultimately we sent our first group of volunteers to Apple Shop, which I'll describe them a little more in detail in a bit. But our first team went from November 7th to the 11th. And then in March, 2023, we facilitated two more deployments, the first of which entailed more work at Apple Shop and the second of which was to Heinemann, Kentucky, where we worked with Heinemann Settlement School and the Appalachian School of Luthery, which is the one that Adam was involved in. So our first two deployments were to Whitesburg, Kentucky, just to give you all some context, Whitesburg is located five miles west of the border of Kentucky and Virginia and is a small town with a population of just over 2,000 people. And then Apple Shop is a nonprofit located in Whitesburg that's aimed at helping people tell stories and educate others about Appalachia. Here's some photos from our first deployment there. This team helped Apple Shop recover some damaged audio tape reels. So I think they were able to clean about 500 reels over the course of the week. But also a key component of this deployment was training staff to be able to continue the work after our team left. Here are photos from the second deployment, also with Apple Shop. This team worked on book and paper materials rather than audio visual materials. And they were able to kind of make a desiccant chamber to expedite drying throughout the, you know, three or four days that they were on site. This is an IR picture and it depicts one shelf in the picture on the right with damper areas in the lower parts, the vertical folder contents. Blue indicates the dampest areas progressing from green to yellow to orange to red, being the driest. And then here's a picture of just an example of one of the damaged photographs which you can see ran because of water contact. So then Heinemann, Heinemann, Kentucky was our second location, third deployment, second location. And Heinemann is another small town in Eastern Kentucky. Its population is less than 800 people. And located in Heinemann is Heinemann Settlement School, which was established in 1902 and was the first rural settlement school in America. So this was really the focus of the third deployment, but at this point I'm going to pass it back to Adam because he can give much more detail about his experience on site. All right, thank you Elena. So starting off, I thought I would just share two observations I had during your discussion. First, we did make a trip over to Apple Shop to look at their building and spoke with the owners. And after deploying nine to 10 months front post the flood event, a lot of the damaged building materials have been removed from the building and they're now in the process of figuring out what to do next, which is a really interesting stage to try to discuss and try to work with folks on. And the other aspect that I wanted to share is really partnering with NHR is fantastic. They have great experience with helping with collections and managing the communication with different sites to get resources deployed. Where we can fit into that is looking at the building that housed those collections. And so when I went to Kentucky, our primary focus was on the Heinemann Settlement School, which is a sprawling campus throughout most of downtown Heinemann, Kentucky. And we looked at I think six buildings that were damaged by flooding. And just to save time, I'm gonna talk about three of them for context and give you a sense of what it is that we look for as architects and engineers. Okay, it'd help if I click on the presentation. There we go. So this is Main Street in Heinemann, Kentucky. The Settlement School actually owns the Quiltmakers Inn, which is that center of buildings about three stories tall. And it's sandwiched on either side by the Mountain Dulcimer Museum, which is a really beautiful instrument that's true Appalachia. And they actually replicate and rebuild dulcimers at this museum. Now, this area of downtown had flooding that ranged to around six to nine feet above the floor elevation. And that level of water causes significant damage. Now, as you can see, you wouldn't expect a lot of these windows to still be there after a flood. And in fact, most of them were gone. These have all been repaired within that 10 month period, which is remarkable. Now, that building, as you can see, is located towards the western side of Heinemann on Main Street. Next, we're gonna talk about Uncle Sol's cabin, which is a beautiful log cabin right at the heart of the Heinemann School campus. It has a special place for the school attendees. And this structure was also flooded. When we went there, most of our observations were focused primarily on just long-term maintenance issues of the building. The timbers themselves fared extremely well in the flood. And so we discussed options with the owner of possibly raising the cabin for at least to get the wood out of grade and then also to protect it from future flood hazards. And we also looked at how they're using the building and had a short conversation about better uses of it. For example, you don't wanna insulate an attic of a building that is designed to breathe. So you actually want air circulation through it so you don't promote mold growth. Now, the other building we looked at isn't historic, which is fine, but it did house the collections. So it was a very important building on the campus and it's important to the campus functioning. They have a lot of community events within the space and having this building flooded and offline was a real tragedy. Now, in this photo, you can see Troublesome Creek. That was the creek that flooded and the Mullen Center is near the back of the photo. If you look carefully, you can actually see that on the side of the building we're looking at is two stories with the entrance through the lower grade. On the opposite side, the entrance is on the upper floor and only the lower floor was flooded at this time of the flood. That said, if you look over on the left, looking at the floodplain image, you can see the outline of the flooding as it encompasses the entire building. One of the interesting things, if I may go back, this is a nerdy thing, but the FEMA review and the hazard study actually didn't provide a flood elevation for this area. It just has a flood zone A as in it will flood in a hundred year flood, but whenever you go back and you try to design the building to withstand those floods, not having an elevation becomes extremely difficult. So talking with the tenants, we found that we learned that their collections were housed in the basement in a state of the art collection facility that has now been turned into a washer and dryer for the local community. But before then, this area within the building had temperature and humidity controlled archives and all of the collections in there were severely damaged. And while we're onsite, the NHR team also participated with volunteers to help dry a lot of their documents and treat them in a way that they can be salvaged. The Mullions Center flooding, the flood elevations got up to about five foot above the ground level. And one of the key takeaways we've learned is the sooner we can get there to discuss and advise and have communication with the owners of the building, the better because there's a lot of a strong desire to reconstruct immediately after these events. Sometimes it's worthwhile to take a step back and say, okay, if we're rebuilding, what adjustments do we want to make to the structure so that we can better weather future events and allow us to recover more quickly, whether it's flood-proofing, whether it's improving the structural performance, there are the high wind events, things of that nature. So that really transitions to lessons learned and the first lesson learned is historic fabric can be saved given time and resources. So if you get there quickly, dry out the fabric, you can save a lot of historic fabric. And it's important to get there quickly because a lot of cleanup crews will remove historic fabric. Anything that was touched by floodwaters because of their concern with contamination, you really have to advocate for your building and advocate for your finishes so that you don't lose anything that could be salvaged. And then you want to reconstruct thoughtfully to improve resilience. And that just as a personal lesson, consider stages of recovery prior to deployment. So we got there late. So we weren't really there to triage and help kind of create a hierarchy and needs for the owner, but we were there to kind of advise on our experience with recovery and with improving building performance for future products. So that was my deployment to Kentucky and now I will stop share and we'll move on to the next presentation. Thank you. All right, it's me again. I'm gonna share my screen again. I need to switch my view. Okay, I think we're good.  Sorry, so many acronyms, but as Robin said, we have a list of resources for you all if you want to see what we're talking about. But okay, Alliance for Response. This is an initiative that is administered through FAIC and really the goal for AFR is to bring together cultural stewards and emergency managers at the local level. So, let's see, here are the three goals. AFR was born in 2003 and has held, we've held events in cities and regions nationwide in over 30 places at this point. Each group has their own priorities and projects to engage members and people in the region. Some have developed mutual aid agreements with local emergency management offices. Some have worked to include an annex on cultural resources in local response plans and some have conducted team trainings. Here are the AFR network locations currently. So all of the red dots represent active networks in the US. The two blue stars are the two newest networks. So in 2022, we kicked off networks in Chicago and in Charleston. And in the next two years, we will start networks in Arizona and in New Hampshire. So FAIC's role in AFR is really there are two parts. We help networks get started and then we help sustain and keep networks engaged. So for the getting started part, typically how this process goes is somebody from a region that does not currently have an AFR network will reach out and express interest in starting a network. We then encourage them to get in touch with neighboring institutions, maybe somebody from their local emergency management office, just people that they think would be important to participate in the steering committee, which is really the core group of people that keep the network going for at least the first few years. Typically this group will meet for about a year and the network will kick off at what we call a kick off forum, which is a one day event that we support at FAIC, where it's intentionally a mix of networking and presentations. Typically a lot of local professionals will present on different collections, emergencies that they have experienced and ways that they envision the network working together. At that point, the network has started and they kind of figure out, what hazards are inherent to their region, what sort of projects and programs would benefit their members. And then comes the second part of our involvement, which is the sustainability component. So we provide, I'm gonna progress to the next screen here. We provide several different resources. First, this is a webpage where all the different AFR networks that are currently active are listed. Each network has their own page and on the page you can see who the leadership is, activities that they've completed, upcoming announcements, stuff of that sort. If you are curious about what the closest AFR network to you is, I would recommend starting by going to this page and seeing where a network might be closest to you and then contacting the chair of that network or the network's email and seeing how you might get in touch with them or get involved. Next, we provide an online community for all AFR affiliates. So we have a general community for everybody associated with AFR, so any member of any network where we, FAIC, will post announcements that are relevant to anybody. Sometimes different networks will post webinar announcements or other activities that are open outside of their network for people to participate. And this is also where we post recordings from quarterly meetings that we host for all networks. So every three months we have a meeting where each network is invited to send one or two people. It can be the chairs or other people that are interested and we pick one topic per meeting to kind of take a deep dive on. So for example, our last meeting we talked about cultural asset mapping and our next meeting we're gonna talk about bylaws. So just a way for everybody to exchange information and get in touch with one another. And then finally, we provide webinars. So we do about two webinars a year that are specific to the AFR audience. In the past few years, we've highlighted insurance considerations after disasters, health and safety considerations, implementing the incident command system at the institutional level and establishing and maintaining supply caches. So things that are going to benefit the AFR network community. Lastly, we do recently as of 2021 we've been providing small grants to networks to help complete different activities. This has been super successful and it's been helpful for us to be able to get money into networks to be able to do something in a very easy, seamless way. So we hope to keep that going as well. But if anybody is interested in AFR or would like to get connected to a network near them or is interested in starting one, feel free to reach out and I'll put my email in the chat here. I'm going to pass it over to Stacey because I know we're running a little short on time. Thank you. But yes, as many of the panelists know, I can talk fast. All right, here we go. I'm the last, I was in turn for you guys on this cavalcade of resources that we're throwing at you. Okay. And, okay. And if I can get a thumbs up from, are you seeing what I want you to see? All right, thank you. Okay, so hi everybody. As it's been said, I'm Stacey. I'm thrilled to share with you some information about the program that my team specifically oversees, which is called as you see on the screen, Heritage Emergency and Response Training, affectionately known as HEART. But before I dive into it, I thought it might be helpful to kind of take a step back and pivot the focus of the webinar to a different side of training. And that is really, how do you guys like to build your skills? Because so far, you've heard about a lot of programs who train individuals that are available to help you and possibly deploy to you in the aftermath of a disaster. But what if you're interested in enhancing your own capacity so you can do your job better at your own institution? Because maybe not all emergencies or disasters that happen at your organization require outside help. Maybe you wanna just get your own team better prepared. So because again, I'm assuming a majority of you today are joining because you're responsible for protecting heritage collections and not just in an emergency, but all the time. And you just, you wanna improve processes and plans if something were to happen. And I hope what I share with you can kind of put you in the right direction on doing that. Because one of the missions of the HEART program is to help those who are doing the job already. But I also would like to say that we are not the only game in town. And really in the past couple of years, there's been some wonderful development from many organizations, within the Henteff Network and others who are creating content around this topic. And it really depends on how you wanna access and learn it. So this is just really the world according to me sharing with you. And I've kind of organized things into three different categories. And one of them is good old fashioned self-study. We're an academic field, right? So we love a textbook. So I've just thrown up here and there are also links to all of these are also in that resources page that Robin has shared with you, not only in the chat, but I saw that it's even posted on the title page for this webinar. All of these, especially the second, third and fourth books that are listed on there are available for free download in PDF form. And then the FEMA online catalog really is the foundational, if you wanna get a better understanding of how kind of emergency management works because you'll probably be interacting with emergency managers because of XYZ disaster. It's a really great place to start to kind of learning the lingo and organizing their processes and stuff. And then the other three up there are again, these are not the only textbooks out there. They're just three that I know I rely on for a while, which is the be prepared guide and then the first aid for cultural heritage, handbook and toolkit. And then the Getty Building and Emergency Plan that guy's been around for a long time. So if you wanna curl up with a book, I recommend those. The next is what I kind of consider like a visual verbal blended group, which is really a product of this Zoom renaissance that we live in right now. So many organizations are starting to put out and produce kind of tutorial remote virtual learning opportunities. And so that's another way for you guys to kind of get better understanding. So again, just a sampling that I've thrown up here. So the association for registrars and collection specialists, which is ARCS, the first bullet up here, they've been running a virtual webinar series about kind of the foundations of emergency preparedness and response for a couple of years now. I'm a teacher on it, hence why I'm plugging it. So if you're a member of that organization, definitely look for that. I just got told that they are unrolling it out for this year. It'll probably start in the fall, something to look into. Also calling out the AFRs, the Alliance for Responses. So Elena told you guys how you can kind of get an AFR started in your area. But if there's already one already active, they decide how to best serve their community. And a lot of them have started to provide training or lineup experts to do virtual webinars or just even virtual consultation. I'm actually a steering committing metameter for the Washington DC Alliance for Response. And we've actually done just that, we're having an open show and tell about disaster preparedness for local DC institutions. Up to you. Next one is D-Plan slash arts ready. For those of you who've been around for a while, you probably remember D-Plan originally. It went through a massive transformation just last year, I believe. And it now sits on NEDC, wait, yeah. NEDC's website, okay. Anyway, what it is is that it's an online template that you kind of fill in according to your own organization. So you gather information in your organization and you follow the prompts that the plan gives you to fill in. And if you get stuck, there's a beautiful YouTube complimentary library to kind of teach you how to go along. And then once you kind of finish the process, D-Plan kind of spits out for you a kind of a starter disaster plan that you can now use in your organization and start executing some of the stuff that you've put in there. So it's another tool at your disposal. The next one is the Performing Arts Readiness Program that is done in partnership with Lyrasys. I throw them up there because I know there's a diverse group of people sitting here in the audience. They really have been upping the content for performing arts organizations and doing very specialized webinars for those types of organizations, how to do disaster preparedness for festivals, how do you take care of archives associated with like dance companies, all great stuff. So they just unveiled their big webinar calendar for the season, another thing to check out. And then finally the conservation centers that are located throughout the country. And this isn't all of them, it's just a couple that I know that are currently offering up webinars about emergency preparedness and response, depending where you are, definitely check out their websites. Websites, yeah. Four webinars using too many web words. They have freely available ones. They also have ones that you can pay for that a little bit more in detail. Again, up to you. And then finally, the last category is in-person experiential training. That's the typical what you think of when we say cultural heritage emergency training, it's group work, it's traveling in person and working together with other people in practicing the skills that an expert has kind of walked you guys through. Now again, some of the organizations I've already mentioned do this as well. The conservation centers go onto their websites. They can, you can work with them on getting a workshop set up for you in your organization or you can go and participate one that they're hosting in your local region, up to you. Same with the AFRs, depending on which ones you guys are best located near, they might be offering up some wet salvage workshops in the future. I have heard that some are starting to kind of get those workshops up and running, as we're getting more comfortable in this post-pandemic work life. So definitely check them out, reach out to them. There are also independent training providers that you can contract directly to come to your organization and do a very customized training just for you and the team that you work with. It's something you can definitely think of and pursue. And then finally, squarely in this program or in this category is our heart program. And now I'm just gonna talk a little bit about what our program is. So I can't talk about the heart program without talking about the partners because it better helps convey just what our mission is with the heart program. As I said, it is a program run through the partnership of my team, which is the Smithsonian Cultural Rescue Initiative. And as it says on the screen, we are the outreach arm of the Smithsonian that is disaster focused. We want to help our fellow colleagues in the museum and cultural heritage world, get better understanding and capacity around this idea of disaster response for cultural heritage. We are not just international, we're domestic as well. So we are everywhere. And again, we've run a lot of training programs, but ultimately our consistent kind of goal is to instill readiness with anyone who is charged with safeguarding cultural heritage. And Lori's already talked about FEMA and Hentif, but you can see up here with both of the partners on the screen why it makes so sense for us to unite and kind of put on a program such as heart. And rather than babble at you on what we cover in heart, I have a fabulous video to share with you guys today that was created filming our last year's class. And here we go. Our exercise was essentially, the situation was there was a fire nearby, there was a gap in the smoke so we could come in and save as many of the collections within this building as we could before the fire or some kind of situation changed. Once they shut the building down, no one's allowed in. We were kind of running through the Incident Command System or ICS. We nominated an IC. I was the liaison officer and we had other officers. So essentially kind of working through that, making mistakes, et cetera, and hopefully learning from them. I tried to ask for a fire update. We're waiting on that. I was Incident Commander and so I was hoping to learn how to be a better leader in such situations as well as learn how the Incident Command System works. My background is in curatorial knowledge. So I was really excited to focus a little bit more on the leadership side of my brain. If we have to evacuate due to the impending fire, our rally point is those doors right there. This training is unlike any of the others in my 20 years as an emergency manager that I've seen offered, that really hones in on planning and response for those types of specialty spaces. It does open your eyes to the other side of what your knowledge is. So emergency management personnel, first responders, they get a little bit more insight into the curatorial side of things and why museum staff and cultural heritage staff do what they do. And on the flip side, curatorial personnel and museum personnel get an insight into emergency management systems and that's not necessarily something we work with all the time. I think often from an emergency management standpoint, we walk into this and we are so focused on life and safety and things like protecting cultural heritage sites and artifacts can sometimes become an afterthought. And so trainings like this really force that to the forefront of an emergency manager's planning and efficiency and response and our ability to save more. These are items that once they're lost, they're lost and we cannot easily rebuild or recreate these artifacts or these sites. Cultural artifacts are how we tell the story. It's how we maintain some kind of cultural memory at large. I read somewhere that a healthy museum and a community is one of the best indicators if the community as a whole is healthy. So if you have plans in place, if you have people that value those cultural artifacts, we'll save those cultural artifacts and that preserves the community even if that community is no longer at that location. That's why I think the artifacts are tied to the community and vice versa and kind of saving those is how we protect all of those things. Okay, I know we're running out of time. Okay, so yeah, so I hope that gives you guys a little bit of a understanding of kind of what we accomplish in the week that Hart is. Like the video says, we really strive, again, another reason why we love the partnership with FEMA is that we really strive to bring emergency managers and cultural heritage professionals into the room to train together. And I'm happy to announce that we are moving ahead with Hart 2023. The dates are up there on the screen. It's like right in the sweet spot between Thanksgiving and Christmas. It is a competitive training program because we do have travel support and accommodation for our accepted participants. So the application for Hart, we're hoping, we'll get up and running by late August, beginning of September. And feel free to email me if you have any questions. Okay, and I shall stop. That was perfect, Stacy. Thank you so much. And thank you to all of our presenters today. We were really hoping with this May Day programming that we would talk, again, a little bit about that immediate need than maybe when you're dealing with a disaster, especially emergency when they're federally declared, like what Lori was explaining with the PENTIF and the FEMA resources. Also some resources that you can experience maybe a few days, a little bit out from the disaster, which is what the NHR and the APT dry are looking at. And then when the emergency bug bites you, which it will, someone who came from Florida and has gone through some of these trainings, where maybe you as a professional in our field can find trainings. So we were kind of trying to hit all of those aspects when I came to talking about today. I did want to hit a couple of the questions, but before I totally go, because we can sit, can you all stick around for like maybe five minutes for some Q&A? Okay, cool, excellent. Real quick though, I did put in the chat the link to the May Day Prize Drawing, please do that. They can do a C2C Care course in the fall, that's always fun. There's also links to resources. Stacey included a really nice little decoder ring type, acronym type thing within her presentation with all of these acronyms that we've been throwing around. So thank you for doing that. And the survey for C2C Care, which we always appreciate you guys filling out the surveys for us. So one question that popped in that I did want to hit is that are all of these organizations utilizing the incident command system for disaster response plan? Is that what most institutions are moving forward? Do any of them provide examples of such plans that have successfully implemented ICS in their plans? So I was hoping we could talk a little bit about that because ICS is something that comes up a lot with emergency plans. Who would like to take that on as kind of a first hit? I like Adam's movement on the nose. Stacey, your video mentioned ICS. Yes, no, I know I'll. So okay, I think let's unpack this. So yes, so for those of you who are happy to do acronym definite, so ICS, incident command system. So remember how I said, you know, the FEMA online catalog. So ICS is a bedrock process within the emergency management sphere. From what I've been told, it's how firefighters organize themselves. It's how most emergency managers come into a site, organize themselves. So just generally it's good if you guys learn that you don't have to apply it, but like it's a way to build a bridge with the emergency management. And we do teach ICS in our trainings because we do think it's transferable and it's also kind of not reinventing the wheel, you know, that way if you do have firefighters coming to your institution, if you guys are already savvy in how each other work, your ability to work together is just gonna be that much more successful. Now, this is completely my professional opinion. The museum world has a long way to go as far as implementing ICS for their disaster plans. And when you say most museums makes me my cynical chuckle because I don't think so. But I am a convert that if you have the opportunity, I think it's worth looking into. So yeah, exactly what you said is sometimes you have to even learn the language to kind of understand it. I think I saw someone else unmute their mic for a second but I could be making that up. Yeah, I was gonna say it's something that we encourage greatly for especially Alliance for Response because it's like in getting the two sectors to communicate, it's a really easy way to share language. For national heritage responders, we have everybody take the incident command system 100 course through FEMA. And when we do in-person deployments, we do operate through the ICS kind of structure. But I'll also just point out, there's a book by David Carmichael called Implementing the Instinct. Oh, there it is. Perfect, Robin. Why my camera went off for a brief moment because I was like, let me grab my coffee. There's the book. Yes, it's really helpful. At my last institution, we used the book to kind of transition our structure and it helped dramatically. So if you are interested in learning more about ICS and making the structural change within your site, it can be a great tool. And honestly, say with this book, like it was out of print for a little bit, now it's back in print. It's Implementing the incident command system at the institutional level by David Carmichael. Yes, I put that in. We'll put a link to it too on the website. It helped me when I first learned about it a little 15 years ago, it helped me really relook at just how we structure any kind of organization like that. Cause they really play by that five to seven role and how you need to have like that answering hierarchy and all that. So it even kind of rewired my brain a little bit in that way, which was kind of nice. So yeah, so I would encourage that book for sure. It really also helps from what I've seen just working with our heart graduates.  It doesn't mean that you suddenly have to learn this grandiose skill set, but it's an entry point and you will make so many friends in the emergency management world if you can come to the table going, I wanna get into your system. I see that you use ICS. How can we get in there with you? Okay, thank you. And again, we'll find the link for that. Cause like I said, it was out of print for a little bit, but then now it's back in print. So it's pretty exciting. One question I wanted to hit before we went is someone was asking specifically in the QA Q&A about how do folks work with smaller county museums? And this particular example was about a roof falling in. And everyone gave really great answers in the chat, but I did wanna talk about it a little bit. So Lori, you did a good answer. Would you mind kind of synopsizing your answer you gave on that one? Oop, you're muted. So the question was whether there was assistance offered by those of us here to help a small county museum that had a roof collapse. And so depending on whether it's a federal disaster or not, there could have been federal disaster assistance, but apparently it is not part of a major disaster declaration. So I referred her to the National Heritage Responders and provided or him to the National Heritage Responders hotline. And then Adam, you can contribute your part, how you responded. Yeah, and I think that's very important to note. There are plenty of buildings and collections that are damaged all the time. And they're not part of a national disaster theme or rating. A pipe burst, for example, because it got cold, that's not gonna go as a disaster typically, but it is a disaster locally for the organization. And we do have professionals across the country focused on preservation and archiving and all of that. So if you have something happen and you wanna get in touch with someone and you don't have an engineer or an architect you've been working with regularly, reach out to us and we'll put you in contact with someone. Thank you both for doing it. And that's kind of the point I wanted to really push is that, obviously, if you're in a federally recognized disaster, FEMA is there to help us, right? The folks from Hentup are there to help us, but if some of these smaller scale disasters happen, which can happen all the time, there's other people out there to help you as well. And that's what NHR and the APT dry folks are there for. So there's always someone there to help. And those of us who deal with emergency planning and the disaster response, we like to help. That's why we got into it. So yes, Adam. Yeah, and I just wanna say this, I think also answers Jenny's question about a local disaster. And lastly, I can't go without commenting that, yes, John Dumsick was in that photo for APT and he was a founding member of the dry. So yeah, he's heavily, still heavily involved with us. Excellent, thanks Adam. All right, so we're a little over. So I'm gonna go ahead and close out today's program. Again, thank you to all of our presenters. Thank you for sharing all these fabulous resources and just where you can get help and also get maybe future training if you're interested in it. I did one, I'll put in the chat one more time, link to the Mayday Raffle, link to our survey for this program and then I'll link to all the resources that all these folks put together as well, which is greatly helpful. So thank you again. Everyone have a safe and happy Mayday and we will see you all next month in June for our next webinar, which is all about collections management policies. So thanks again and we'll talk to you all soon. Thank you. Ready.


An investigation into three keel middle school students has been launched. The school district has filed a Title IX complaint accusing the students of using incorrect pronouns while addressing another student. Fox 11's Monique Lopez spoke with the parent of one of the students in this Project Education Report. I received a phone call from the principal over at the elementary school for warning me letting me know that I was going to be receiving an email with sexual harassment allegations against my son. Rosemary Rabadou's 13-year-old son, Brayden, is one of the three eighth grade keel middle school students accused of sexual harassment, something she disputes. He said he's being allegedly charged with sexual harassment for not using proper pronouns. I thought it wasn't real. I thought this has got to be a gag, a joke. One has nothing to do with the other. According to the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty, or WILL, now defending the accused students, in March, one of their peers announced the pronouns they prefer to be addressed as they or them. One of the alleged incidents Brayden and the others were supposedly involved in happened in April. She had been screaming at one of Brayden's friends to use proper pronouns, calling him profanity, and this friend is very soft-spoken and kind of just sunk down into his chair. And Brayden finally came up defending him, saying he doesn't have to use proper pronouns. It's his constitutional right to not use. You can't make him say things. Some might say or think that you or your son are against the LGBTQ plus community. Not at all. Not at all. My children have been raised to love everybody equally. Only after finding out her son was being investigated, Rosemary reached out to WILL.  There's nothing even remotely close to that alleged in this case. WILL says the school district's policy doesn't cover the misuse of pronouns and neither does Title IX.  There are four lights, there are five lights, how many do you see now? As if our school districts weren't already looking bad enough for injecting Marxist ideologies into the curriculum, now at least one of them is targeting kids with legal action for not using someone's preferred pronouns. How can anybody watch this and not realize that we're under attack from within? They keep denying that they're part of a Marxist cult, yet here they are trying to use the law against kids who refuse to see five lights and play along with mental delusions.  The Orwellian manipulation of language here is just off the charts. This is just completely insane, and whoever it is that's actually harassing these three kids should not only lose their job, but they and the district should face a lawsuit. Based on the principal recently deleting his twitter account, I'm guessing he has something to do with it. The First Amendment is very clear, and you cannot compel or coerce these kids or anyone else into using somebody else's made up chosen pronouns. The people in this district are so dumb, because a Shawnee State University professor just recently in April won a $400,000 lawsuit against the school because they fired him for not playing along with these pronouns. The attorney said that he hoped this would send a message to the universities, but apparently this district didn't get that message. I gotta tell ya, for the first time with three kids and two of them in school right now, I'm seriously considering homeschooling, and that is something that I never even considered a possibility. Alright folks, that's all I have for that one, please hit that like button, share and subscribe, then leave a comment to let us all know what you think. Thanks a lot, have a great weekend.


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How are you doing? Awesome, awesome. So, my name is Amir. I'm an associate professor of soil management and integrated cropping systems at Southern Illinois University. And today I'm going to talk about cover crops, especially cover crops in corn production systems because that's a lot more challenging than having cover crops before soybean. And then I cannot walk you through what we've been doing with cover crops and how did we end up doing precision planting of cover crops? Before I start, there are a lot of graduate, undergraduate students involved that are listed here in blue color and that so many people are involved in the projects that are being funded. And so I want to acknowledge all of them and then also indicate that we're very lucky to work with Illinois Farm Bureau, Lauren Laird-Kings and basically they've been very helpful and supportive of us. We get funding from Illinois NREC, North Central State, we are part of precision sustainable agriculture which is the U.S. NIFA funded project and also Illinois Department of Agriculture. So I'd like to start with basically cover crops and why we do cover crops and what kind of benefits we can get from them. We did a survey and there are a lot of surveys out there that can ask why do we do cover crops and what is our main reason to do cover cropping? And a lot of times the response are always targeting at reducing basically erosion. And that's great because that means that the growers are really understanding that how invaluable their top soil is and that reducing erosion means that we're keeping that soil intact in our system to function for us the best. We have Illinois nutrient loss reduction strategy, so we are in Illinois and their target is to reduce nutrient losses by 2025, nitrogen and phosphorus. And basically a lot of my research is targeted at nutrient cycling and then with the hope of reducing basically nutrient losses and then capturing that nutrients and basically finding ways that do not reduce yield while doing that. So I think if we want to advocate something we have to kind of understand that it's much easier for the growers to accept it if they see they're not at least getting a yield penalty for implementing a practice that could be also environmentally beneficial. Along the way as you do this basically cover crop implementation depending on the basically crop biomass or residue you will start like adding some benefits like organic matter to the system. Adding organic matter to the system especially like when we target weed suppression when we have higher organic basically material input or plant biomass inputs. We are basically adding more materials to the soil that would build some organic matter. Building some organic matter synergistically provides many other benefits including increasing infiltration and above all like the resiliency to weather extremes that we are seeing. So basically high organic matter soils usually they have higher buffering capacity meaning their resistance to change and that is very important in all these like erratic rainfall we get all of a sudden 4 inch 5 inches of rain in a day and that's pretty important. One thing that is missing here is increasing yield. Sometimes cover crops can actually help us with increasing yield. For example you can have scenarios of losing nitrogen and having something like a legume that add nitrogen to the system can supplement what was lost and make sure that you don't lose yield. So this is the reason that why we do cover cropping but to get the best of them we need to implement them well. So I work with John Pike and he always tell me that cover crops go into your system so you have to manage them as a system and then how you can manage them best to give you the benefits that we are looking for. These are the list of like 5 hours cover crop management including right species and then like a lot of times our options are cereals, legumes and brassicas and then sometimes we mix them to see the benefits we are looking for. We have right seeding date, right seeding rate, right planting methods so the planting methods could be what we came up with is this precision planting but in reality it's like the normal planting meaning either you go and drill or now we basically spread the seeds. You can use drones now, nowadays, so many other ways that you can plant it but like to really get the seed soil contact the best like drilling probably give you the best stand and then that precision planting is basically based on a drilling method that is modified and now I'm going to talk about like all of those and what we are doing and what we are finding and then we have like termination time and that termination time can vary from like really small basically plants being terminated early all the way to like for example a right getting to a heading a stage and then being like lignified and then basically try to get the best for example with suppression that's your target for and then like there are like tools like basically I think there is one mid-west basically cover crop tool that gives you options to go and choose at what time what species is the right and what seeding rate you can choose among these basically cover crop management scenarios one thing that is really known and it's really easy to target is that seeding date and I'm not going to talk about it because it's really obvious you go on time and plant the cover crops they're going to give you a good benefit you go late you get you will get poor stand establishments in some cases you won't get any benefit you just waste your money and that becomes a very typical like brassicas for example they usually in our environment winter kill so if you plant them late and then they have a very short growing period and they're going to die and so they're going to be small they don't do any of the benefits you're looking for if you plant them early they're pretty amazing like they can grow well they're huge they can help you with your soul compaction capture nutrients and all of it so I think seeding date is something that we know and that's something that like it's going to be less research on because of all the things we know how we manage cover crops and also nutrient management whether it's nitrogen fertilizer or manure or whatever nitrogen source that we have will impact the components of nitrogen cycle and especially what I'm really interested in this loop of mineralization meaning they're basically organic and become basically available and or the other way immobilization meaning available and become immobilized and not accessible but to the plant and then all this process of nitrification that then goes to leaching of nitrate that is like one of the targets that we hope to avoid or denitrification which will become like a greenhouse gas it's a pathway for nitrous oxide emission as a greenhouse gas we can look at it another way is this is a Stanford equation for nitrogen management or nitrogen fertilizer recommendation and this is a short version of it so you have n in the crop minus n that is in the soil divided by fertilizer efficiency and then Doc Begiel came and kind of like expanded that soil and aspects of it which is really a lot of things we do with cover crops will influence these soil and and to some extent like also fertilizer efficiency was the nitrogen management but so those soil and like you can see that they're like you know organic and organic and involved and then if you have like a cover crop there will be like crop residue that like become available very quickly or stays there for a while to become available and then some like if it's you're adding a legume to the system that fixes nitrogen will add to the system one thing they did not talk about is that sometimes that could change in another direction for example if you have a really high residue rye that immobilize and that means instead of like removing that from your crop need that actually might end up adding some end to the system you need to add more end to the system to compensate for what is being unavailable this is an example of a serial rye so that they basically yellow or orange lines is how the corn is growing and taking up nitrogen and then the green is how the cover crop in this case serial rye is decomposing and releasing end to the system and then so here you can see that like this is an example of a Maryland coming from this cover crop and calculator so China if you go to that calculator give some information from your cover crop the biomass of it and some like composition it could kind of simulate what's what you're going to get from it and then so in this case we have like 5,000 pounds of dry matter biomass carbon traction is 40 that means it's more than what we want in terms of like C2N ratio to have mineralization up and rather than immobilization of it to some extent so that the number is magic number is 25 and then here it shows that it has 65 pounds and break that means the end in the plan was 1.3 percent so you have your biomass times 1.3 percent you'll end up with that 65 pounds of nitrogen break and then it is literally telling you that within six weeks after basically terminating that cover crop you only got 30 pounds of it available to the corn and then so the point is the synchrony of that dry with the corn is not great the end amount of end also being released is not is not as good as you want to now I want to show you another example which is clover this is crimson clover and you have kind of the same scenarios corn growth is the same and here you have 4,000 pounds per year that means that clover was really planted on time you get such a biomass from a crimson clover it's great and then your C2N ratio is 13 that's a lot lower than 25 that means you expect that clover to quickly decompose and release end to the system and then you have basically 120 pounds of end break here in that plant biomass that means you probably had 3 percent nitrogen that's what you expect your your legumes they usually have more end percent in them if you get a biomass that usually adds up to a lot more end in the plant and then so here you can see like 85 pounds of that has been released by within that 6 weeks that could be great or not great depending on how you manage your nitrogen if you go and front load end for example early in the season and then you have 85 pounds on top of it you're really exceeding what the crop can remove that early and that could potentially lead to some leaching losses if you account for that and think about can I use that and synchronize that with my fertilization practice maybe use side-dress end later when at like v6 of corn estate or even v8 corn estate and then get that benefit of legume releasing end and then side-dressing end when the corn really needs it I think you'll get a better response in terms of production of the corn and decreasing nutrient losses that you might see in this scenario so one of the questions we have is that okay so you have these legume cereals and brassicas each of them give you something each of them they have their challenges and so you have to choose sometimes so I talked to a lot of the growers they would rather for example have a legume before corn because they are worried about yield penalty that a cereal rye for example give them and that's not desirable to them on the other hand legumes are harder to establish like you have to be on time to really establish a good legume at the same time they will give you benefits of nitrogen so that's what they love about and then if you don't manage that legume well your basically chances of end leaching is a lot higher and that's like against what we hope to do in Illinois getting the yields but like reducing those losses and then one thing is that can be done is to really account for that end and adjust for the end to that not having excess end balances what I mean by end balance is like how much your corn is removing versus how much end is being added to the system so difference will give you a balance and a lot of times excess end balances means you had more applied than what the crop removed and that could potentially be lost to the environment with the cereals they're easy you can even be late and still get a decent establishment with winter cereals especially like rye it grows literally everywhere and then also we have to be careful so if you have a rye in the system you push it for a little bit of a later termination that might lead to your approach change in terms of how you manage nitrogen within the system because that could immobilize and you could then manipulate timing of your fertilization or amount of fertilization to kind of account for that change so what we are seeing with the research we're doing with some folks at SIU is that like a lot of times we have legumes like we have soybeans and then we have a legume on top of it to go before corn right it's a corn-soybean rotation we are seeing increased leaching with legumes after soybean and that is not what we hope to see any time we had rye or wheat or a tritical something like that that captures that residual and from soybean we are seeing reduction in leaching but that becomes a challenge of if you have that cereal before corn how can we manage this to make sure we do get those environmental benefits but not have yield penalty for the growers so adopt it and in brassicas if you don't really get it on time probably we shouldn't bother much because we've done and we've got like very small plans that I think didn't do much to us but if you get it on time that's awesome that's a good source to try and here comes the mixture so sometimes you will get benefits you would basically manipulate the potentially negative effect of a rye by including a legume in the mixture one thing that becomes tricky is how do we find the combination right because getting that seeding grade right these two compete right one usually cereals are out competing the legumes especially with scrims and clover how do we manipulate that seeding rate to get a combination that gives us the right C to N ratio and gives us basically the biomass we are looking for with N to synchronize with our crop production so within that we are a part of a 15 location basically a study this is funded by USDNFA basically what they are going to look at is look at how these cover crops meaning cereal rye, a legume in some locations that's veg cherry veg and in some locations like ores is crimson clover before corn and they want to know if the mixture of the two would benefit the corn in that rotation and how would that compare to a no cover crop so we basically look at and then they have a bunch of nitrogen rate trials to basically see what is the response to nitrogen having those cover crops in this so they start from a fall for example the first year was fall 2020 it goes all the way to May, the spring and then plant the corn goes all the way to the fall and that will give you one cycle from one fall to the next fall this is an example of cover crop biomass across all those locations that we had data for the one in the red is ores and you can see that so the rye is the yellow and green is legume or clover for ores and then this is weeds and you can see like as you have the rye in the system even in the mixture which we cut the rye biomass to half meaning we went from 60 pounds sitting rate to 30 pounds sitting rate but the clover was 25 and we cut it to just 20 still rye dominated that scenario so your whole biomass is mostly from rye than from clover and it's in some places it's way worse even here's an example, here's an example, here's an example some, the ones that they had veg in it it competes a lot better with rye than crimson clover this is the response of like basically corn to nitrogen so you can see the rye and you can see like two things happen one, the yields decreased to some extent not much but a little bit also it needed less nitrogen as a result so you got some yield cut but also less nitrogen requirements there when we did the mixture that kind of went away so that's one benefit of like incorporating that legume in the mixture probably eliminated some potentially animobilization that could happen by rye in that scenario and then legumes and fallows were like kind of operating the same probably because we didn't get a lot of legumes to really push for that excess benefit that we are hoping for and I'll show you they do benefit you when you're unlimited that benefit goes away once you apply enough N so it masks the N benefits from the legume once you have enough N by fallowizer this is an example of like Illinois per se of those three sides and I want you to look at the Wisconsin you see literally no response no response, no response very little response and a little bit more response and that's also an example of N kind of N being a little bit tied up by rye and then kind of being eliminated by having the mixture and then this is typical of Wisconsin because of so much probably manure being applied in the history of manure in the system that the response to N was in a good year that probably had a lot of manureization was not seen so one thing that I really like is to understand whether seeding rate that we are using 60 pounds all the way to like 90 pounds too much or too little and how can we help growers to capture what they're looking for in the sense that reducing their production costs incorporating cover crops in the system so in this case this is winter rye we chose 4 rates of 175, 50 and 30 pounds per year and then we look at the biomass of rye within that system and one thing you can see that the first one that 100 is higher statistically than the 30 pounds per year they are all the same statistically this is kind of higher numerically but this is definitely not but if the goal is with suppression you want to go for a higher side if the goal is nutrient capture and cycling not really because take a look at here this is nitrogen in the plant remember in the beginning I told you when you do basically calculating nitrogen in the plant is your biomass times n percent that will give you this much n in the cover crop as you're increasing the seeding rate probably you're capturing a little bit more biomass your n in the plant is reduced your plants are becoming more lignified that means they're also becoming harder to decompose when you put that together with nitrogen uptake they are all the same so if the goal was to having more biomass for with suppression higher n was better but if the goal was capturing n the lower side is better because lower seed cost for the growers getting the same benefit easier to plant into because it's a little bit less sparsely, light penetrates better so a little bit warmer it gives you all those benefits too we also check if we try that with a hybrid rye which is a bit more palatable easy to decompose a little bit aggressive rye would that be different than a normal rye it wasn't to be honest it gives you a little bit higher yield but not necessarily higher basically benefit that you would hope to do that with having a hybrid rye versus a local rye so then these are like high and low rates high means 90 pounds per acre and low means 60 pounds per acre so 60 was fine and then didn't matter which one you choose this is another one we looked at termination data of wheat crop so you can see here clearly we had a fallow ones that were terminated early ones that we left to be terminated at planting we call it planting green and then ones that we actually went ahead and removed the residue so we kind of like cut it and bail it out interestingly every time we did that residue removal we ended up with corn stand reduction that was significant and we think what happened is that corn starts bleeding basically allopathic exudates that will impact the population of corn and basically influence the basically corn production overall that is significant enough that with no matter how much end we put on we couldn't capture the yield penalty to match those three other treatments this is the end basically in the growing seasons of corn you can see that by having late terminated cover crops in this case wheat you can see like the end in this system is lower in several basically occasions but also you can see that having that cover crop especially that late terminated cover crop that is shown by green color versus the red color which is your basically fallow treatment every time the fallow treatment soil moisture is operating at the lowest level meaning if you had a dry soil condition that late terminated cover crop that caused a mat on the soil surface helped you and compensated for some of that end that was immobilized so when we did actually manage that nitrogen by 2x2x2 starifralization and split that end 100 pounds in the beginning 100 pounds at cider's time we matched the yield which was very positive in that sense so one of the things that we were worried about was that yield penalty by cereal cover crops this is basically what we mean by precision planting so think about the corn row they are 30 inches apart when you plant cover crops they are 7.5 inches apart most of the time that's 19 centimeters when we say precision planting we are literally skipping that dry on the corn row meaning we only have those 3 in the middle and nothing on the corn row that reduces that interaction between the cover crop and the corn giving that corn a chance to basically not interfere with the roots especially or the residues of the cover crop and then be able to perform better and then you can manipulate it in different ways and I'll show you some this is a project that we are working on with Eleanor and Rick actually Shalmer also just came to see if we do precision planting meaning that we do that, skip that corn row and you can see here so there's nothing there where the corn row goes would that first of all provide the same benefit of solid planting of rye meaning every 7.5 inches and it does like every single side year we had it either matched the biomass or increased the biomass because of like basically reducing the rates a little bit but basically putting it all together in this section that kind of pushed the plants a little bit fight for being a little bit taller and they were taller a little bit every time we got the same basically biomass and then every time we matched the corn yield in that system only two times we did not so only two times when we had a fallow which is in that white bars we lost yield because we couldn't do 2x2 inferrization we didn't have the capacity in that side to do it this is another example here I just compared these basically having a clover that is a skip row versus not having it this is a mixture of those you can see here is a mixture of multiple of these under all the rows versus having three on the corn rows and then having clover sorry clover on the corn rows and having rye in the middle and it still didn't matter so you are getting the same benefits and the same biomass by implementing yield and that's I think that's awesome that's going to help us a lot selling the idea of you can do cover crop being not losing the cover crop biomass benefits at the same time helping corn to basically cope better with having rye in the system to capture that nitrate for us and you can see like here also here you have like skip rows and then that's the mixture scenario here I just wanted to remember I told you like clover or clover skip row will benefit you benefit the corn when n is limited here is an example at the lower nitrogen rates always always we are talking about 15 29 23 yield increase by having clover versus no cover crop in the system when the n was limited that's n coming from clover but once you go and give enough n to the corn by fertilizer that benefits gone it might show up in your grey nitrogen content because plant doesn't understand it takes up n but it uses in some of that and for yield gain the rest of it will not give you more yield otherwise we would always get a linear response to nitrogen this is another one this is a basically north central serre partnership plant and then it's a bit complicated but the goal wise if we do annual rye grass with serre rye in mixture and then only in the middle rows and then having legumes on the side or nothing on the side or old radishes on the corn row would we get the same basically cover crop benefits and we need so whether these are the wedge ones so V stands for wedge or basically all means all radishes and then you can see that the biomass is almost the same the difference in this case was when you have clover with rye you lost basically clover in competition with rye so rye dominates your clover when you had wedge that's the biomass of rye in the system it's not the same so wedge really competed well with rye and that means you have more in your scenario plus basically lower siton ratio that hopefully will benefit your next crop well it didn't to some extent only in this case which wasn't statistically did and I think maybe we lost in that scenario or having that combination of oats and radishes on the corn row plus wedge in the system benefited somehow that resulted in that some basically yield increase in that case in that side here and two, three more slides and then I'm done this is the benefit of doing cover crop on basically carbon soil carbon basically looking at the manganese oxidizable carbon at the top soil and then going all the way to like 90 centimeter depth or 1 foot deep and then looking at also carbon stocks after six years of cover cropping and by having cover crops whether it's a skip row or not a skip row using carbon stocks in the system compared to a no cover crop scenario so even within six years starts showing benefits a lot of those benefits are way more easy to capture at the top soil than the sub soil this is another one we look at the aggregate size distribution that's usually we use that for wind erosion we don't see any benefits there but when we look at aggregate stability we are seeing cover crop winds showing an improvement in aggregate stability that means they're resistant to rainfall events and they can hold their particles together so overall I think basically legion cover crops could increase your yield especially if you get rainfall events or use that wood really or adjusting the nitrogen forization to give them opportunity to show their value to us and winter cover crops definitely capture soil then but we have to understand they might cause any mobility issues we have to have strategies of end management to make them work for farmers and definitely implementing data skip row or precision planting help with that then I think what we've seen all these side years like capturing what is the right nitrogen rate is very difficult so I think we should really move towards a little bit of precision nitrogen management and then there are tools that we can capture and understand and predict and in the cover crops event with the models that I just showed you then how much of that would be available to adjust or undergo management practices and then overall I think winter rise seeding rates more than 40 if the goal is not just with suppression it's just waste of money we can really adjust the rates to capture whatever we want to get and then be basically more economically viable for farmers with that I'd like to thank you for paying attention to me maybe over time but I'm happy to answer any questions you have


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Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to module 7 in this course which covers the topic of security and security is of course Nowadays a really important problem that we need to solve we need to make sure that the system is secure But we'll start in this module first of all Discussing what security is compared to safety, which is another really important concept that often comes up And it's easy to confuse the two. So that's why we start so security Is all about a system being able to operate and being able to protect itself? against intrusion so Anyone in true intruding into the system and this can be accidental You might just suddenly get a certain access that you shouldn't have for example, but could of course be deliberate to someone actually trying to hack or On-purpose access the system or metal with it. So that's security and safety then is the is the property or the ability of a system to operate without a catastrophic failure and Catastrophic failure. He means that someone could get injured. They could be loss of life. They could be environmental impact There could be a very large financial or economic impact So anything that is somewhat Catastrophic so safety critical systems are very often for example Passenger transport systems like cars airplanes railway highly safety critical But it could also be for example a power plant If something goes wrong in the control for example in the worst case maybe in a nuclear power plant things could seriously go wrong It could be some kind of oil refinery if something goes wrong You have an economic impact because the oil for example spills out. So there are a lot of options here What could happen? So this is the distinction and we will in general focus on the security aspect. So how do we protect our systems against? Accidental or deliberate intrusion It's important to note that without security you typically don't have safety So if you have a safety critical system, which is insecure Typically, there is no way to ensure that there is not a catastrophic failure. For example if someone accidental Accidentally is able to intrude into the control system often of a power plant that could have catastrophic consequences So security is a prerequisite for safety. The other way around does not apply so a system could definitely be Unsafe there could be a catastrophic failure, but it is very secure You cannot intrude but things can seriously go wrong anyway so that's the distinction here, but we'll focus on the security aspect and Three things that we typically want to ensure if we talk about security in the context of this course is we want to ensure the confidentiality and That means that access to data to assets is only possible by whoever should have access not by others We want to ensure the integrity of The system and that means that the data is in a way correct. It can be relied upon. No one has modified anything and We want to ensure the availability So that we can actually access the system. It doesn't crash or anything in that direction Now these are the three dimensions in what we are looking at that we want to ensure There are different kind of threats that that apply to this so you can have You can have different threads how to meddle with these we will not cover them here in detail They're on the slides though. So For example data Modification is of course something that might apply to the integrity that we cannot rely on them anymore In general security like other qualities like performance is very cross-cutting. So if you in one part of your system Have something that is insecure. This might apply to the entire system So it if the database for example is not protected against intrusion the rest of the application could be extremely secure Very well protected, but it will probably not help you very much. So Minor security flaws in part of the application can have drastic consequences for the overall application This is one dimension to look at security confidentiality integrity availability The other one is on what level do we look at security and there we can for example talk about the security of the Infrastructure. So for example is the network secure Are the servers secure are they in a locked building and so on Or is anyone able to access that so there is a story from a couple of years ago? From a company that did assessment security assessment of power plants and they looked at the software They looked at the Wi-Fi and everything looked fairly okay But then they drove around the power plant and they just found a network rack that was open And you could just plug in the cable So as an example of infrastructure security that is not given everything was protected But you could just plug in your cable and suddenly you had access to the network So that's infrastructure security. Then there's application security, which is mainly concerned with how do we actually program? How do we structure the system so that the application is secure and Then there is also Operation security for example while the system is running How do we do the logging so that we can identify it anyone trying to intrude or things like that now? This is a massive topic. So the the course book alone has hundreds of pages on security We will in this course mainly focus on application security. So what kind of design? architecture programming principles guidelines do we have that can make our application more secure? And again, there are lots of different ones you could look at here There are for example for each programming languages. There are specific guidelines what you should and what you should not do We will stay on a fairly abstract level. I will cover some examples for programming concepts that Maybe should be used that are recommended, but we will not go into much depth here Okay, so this is roughly what we'll do and we'll dive now into the details of this module