So this is a quick follow up video to my last video on FZF. I just wanted to give some examples of how I use FZF daily and also mention some things that I forgot to mention in the last video. One thing I forgot to mention in the last video, and it's something I don't use often myself, but you can actually use your cursor and your mouse to choose things from the FZF list. In the last video I did mention how you can run FZF on your phone very easily, but this is a case where the clicking with the mouse comes in handy because you can use your touch screen to select things from the list. I set up a function on my computer to where I can just press O and hit enter, and it lists all the files in my current directory and subdirectory. And now I can quickly type what I'm looking for, like if I'm looking for a picture of ice cream, and I can hit enter, and it opens up the picture or file that I selected. And of course this works with all file types, not just images. Another example I type O, hit enter, start typing what I'm looking for, an mp4 file, choose the mp4 file I want from the list, and that file is open for me. More specifically, I have a whole directory full of books in PDF format. All I have to do is type books on my computer, hit enter, it automatically moves into my book directory and starts listing all the files in my book directory and its subdirectories. Again, I can start typing what I'm looking for, green, I found green eggs in ham, hit enter, and I can start reading green eggs in ham. I also have it set up that if I type in something like Seuss, of course it lists all the Dr. Seuss books, but if I just pick a directory rather than a PDF, it moves my shell into that directory. Another case where I use FCF regularly is I have aliased a script called gen, which is my wife's name. When I press enter, it gives me a list of options. Do I want to SSH into her computer? Do I want to transfer files with SFTP? Do I want to go to the directory on my computer that synchronizes her photos so I can hit enter and then it brings up my prompt for SSH. Here's the same example with my daughter, Ember. I type in her name, I can SSH into her tablet, into her computer, I can transfer files with SFTP, I can go to her current directory on my computer that synchronizes with her devices, or I can just quit out. How about this? I type Android, my phone is hooked up through USB right now. When I do that, my first option is shell, I can hit shell and it brings me into an ADB shell. If I was to run the Android command again, I can search packages and automatically use ADB to list all packages and I type in something like Turmux and it'll bring up my Turmux information and cat that back out to me. Run Android again, I can also run upgrade packages which actually checks the Eftroid website for any updates to any of my packages. We'll download them and push them over and install them through ADB.  Or I can use the screen option which opens up my phone screen on my desktop so I can use it without actually having to touch the phone. Another option I have on here is to back up a package. And the thing is when you choose to back up a package through ADB, it asks for a confirmation on the screen of the phone. So what this script does is it uses ADB, it will give me a list of packages, I can select the package, it will start to back it up, it will open up the screen on my desktop so I can confirm the transfer.  When I hit enter, it's going to then bring up my phone screen on my desktop at which point I can confirm that I want to back up. I do not want to back up right now. I also have NS alias, NS for NetScan. When I hit enter, it's actually going to start an NmapScan that I have preset and pipe that into FZF. At this point it's going to list all the devices on my network which have port 80 open. I can then choose one of those and it will use OCT to cut it and then open up that computer or device in my web browser. Not only is this extremely convenient on my desktop computer but especially on my phone because I can set an icon that I click that automatically does some preset NetScans of networks so I can walk in some place, get on the Wi-Fi, click that icon and it can open up a list like that that I can just choose what I want to happen next with very little typing because typing stuff on your phone in the shell is not fun. But if you script things out and especially using something like FZF, it makes things a lot easier. Look at some other examples on my phone. First let me record a very short video of myself. Now I can go to my home screen and I can click one of these two options here. I'll click this one. It brings up a list of my most recent videos. I'll choose the latest one and it's going to run that through a script and create an animated GIF or GIF whatever you want to call it. Now let's take a few still images. Now I'm going to choose another item from my script list which gives me a list of my most recent photos. I will choose just the last couple tab, tab, tab, tab, tab just like I would on a desktop to choose multiple files in FZF. Hit enter and a few seconds later I have an animated GIF from those still images. I also have this script called link menu and when I choose it it opens up a shell with a list of links to web applications I've created. I can use my arrow keys to search through. Oops, let's get that in frame. And when I choose one I hit enter and it opens it up in my web browser. I also have a script I created called My Music which I've also alias to MM. When I hit enter it will bring up a list. This is a list of songs I have on a YouTube playlist. So many songs I want, any music I want I can add to that YouTube playlist. This script will pull them down, create a playlist like this. I can search through things I can type something like back and it will bring up songs with the word back in it. I can hit tab to select multiple ones. And then I can enter and it will play them through MPV. I also have the default option on here. Play, last song, replay. And what that does is when I do pick songs and play them it actually creates a playlist in my home directory. Then next time I open up this script if I want I can choose that and will play the songs that I played last time. It shuffles them up and plays them through MPV. So it's using MPV to stream just the audio from a YouTube playlist that I've created, shuffles them up and I also have it set up that MPV will recognize my media keys so I can go forward and back and pause the songs. Here's a practical use that can be used in a business scenario. Currently at work because of all that's going on in the world we have to take our temperatures daily and then fill out a form with our name, whether we have a cough, a sore throat, difficulty breathing and then write down our temperature. Currently where I work we're writing these down on pieces of paper. You can barely read what people are writing. Who knows if they're getting submitted the right way because once they're filled out they're going to be scanned. People are actually filling out different ways, writing their names differently, they're circling things instead of checking things. It's all being done differently. Well if you write out a script and you limit what the user can input using something like FCF you can get a very efficient, quick and easy to use application. Here is the code I wrote. I'll try to remember to put a link to this in the description. It's only 20 lines of code and it actually could be shortened even more. Let's see how it works. Again we want to keep it easy to use. When you run the code it's going to pull a list of employees from a server and then it's going to give you those as options. You can type in either the employee name or the employee number but when it submits it to the server it's going to submit just the employee number because that's all the server needs. It will cross reference it for a user's name if you need it later on. Now we also are going to use a preset range of numbers for the temperature so they can't type something outside of that range. Let's go ahead and run it. Here's a list of names. Again if I know someone's employee number like 47 I can type that it will bring up that user's name and number or I can just type in their name. So for example I can type in Bob and there's Bob Jones. I can hit enter. Now I can type in their temperature 96.6. Hit enter. Now do they have a cough? No. Do they have a sore throat? No. Are they having difficulty breathing? No. Submit that information to the server, displays the output and now it brings you back. Do you want to exit or enter another user? Because you might be entering more than one person. You don't have to run the script each time. Let's enter another user. Again I can type in Tim. I can choose Tim or Timmy. Let's go with Tim. We'll choose him and I'll go 98.5 for him. Does he have a cough? No. No. No. Gives me the output from the server. Once it's submitted let's enter another employee. Again I can just go up and choose a name. I can say 98.4 for him. Again I'm limited to the list. I can hit enter. Do they have a cough? No. Do they have a sore throat? No. Are they having difficulty breathing? Yes. And it submits it right away. Now that information is formatted properly. It's in a log or a database on the server. It can be accessed and you automatically notify who needs to be notified. Rather than fill out paperwork and they're going oh what's the procedure? Let's look up the procedure now. Submit it. It's quick. It's easy. It's code you can write in a couple of minutes and it's easy for anybody to use. It will run on any device. So again I just wanted to give more examples of how I use FZF daily. It is such a great program that has changed the way I script things out. It makes things super easy both on a mobile device and desktop and anywhere because it runs on all major operating systems and platforms. So I really recommend again checking it out. I hope that this video has also inspired you to look into it more. Thank you for watching and please visit filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris the K. A link in the description and I hope that you have a great day.


You can put it down right there. Thank you. What up there, you good bro? What up my dog? How you doing? Good bro. How about you bro? Good sir. My bad. I was terrible. So you doing alright? Ain't doing good brother. What you be eating in Buffalo? Wings man. You doing alright? What's a spot? Morbid. Okay. You done? Time to go home. Break it down on you.


Write a Vlogbrothers video in the style of the King James Bible about whether AI can write novels. Greetings, fellow Vlogbrothers and sisters. Today I wish to speak to the about a topic that has been on my mind of late, whether AI or artificial intelligence can write novels. First, let us consider what AI is. AI is the ability of a computer or machine to mimic intelligent human behavior. It can understand language, make decisions, and even create art or music. But can AI truly write a novel? To this I say, it depends on how we define novel. If a novel is simply a lengthy work of fiction, then it is possible that AI could generate enough text to meet this definition. However, a novel is so much more than a collection of words on a page. A novel is a story, a journey, a tapestry of words woven together to create something greater than the sum of its parts. Can AI truly capture these elements in its writing? I say, nay. While AI may be able to generate text that is similar to human writing, it cannot truly understand the complexities and nuances of the human experience. It cannot capture the unique perspective and voice of a human writer. It cannot create something truly original and engaging the way a human can. In short, while AI may be able to generate text that resembles a novel, it cannot truly write a novel in the same way a human can. The art of writing is a uniquely human endeavor, and it will always be so. Until next time, may thee be blessed with the wisdom of the ages and the power of the written word, and as always, don't forget to be awesome. Alright, good morning Hank, it's Tuesday, so that script was written by ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence, and I have to say, it's not the worst Vlogbrothers video I've ever come across, they even knew about DFTBA. That noted, I do have some concerns. First off, I am super freaked out by that AI's attempt to reassure humans, like, oh, don't worry, you're super unique. Unique is one of the only words it used twice. Oh no, we could never write a novel, you don't need to worry about that, you cute little meat person.  Also, it's interesting that it relies so much on cliche, like phrases like, window into the soul, or tapestry of words. I think it's doing that because they're somewhat evocative, but also common enough that it isn't plagiarism. But I think this gets to something important about how AI will construct language, like, in order to become more specific and textured and compelling, AI will need to rely less on cliche and use more unusual sentence structures, and of course the easiest way to do that is to plagiarize, or to otherwise rely on particular human brains. Now, of course, when I'm writing a novel, I am also deeply dependent upon all the linguistic constructions and narratives that I've come across. I am also working from a data set, all writers are. But I also think we have fairly sophisticated strategies for deciding what plagiarism is among humans, and maybe we don't so much for AI. Also, I'm freaked out that this technology means that we are already having vitriolic arguments on Twitter and other sites with people who are, uh, not actually people. But I'm not even sure that's my biggest worry. I think my biggest worry might be, uh, consciousness? Like, computers are amazing, but they are nothing like us. We are far, far more like kangaroos than we are like computers. And I worry that as AI improves, we may begin to see human consciousness and cognition as more digital phenomena than organic ones, which I think would be a big mistake. Like, I think to be happy and also to create the kind of word tapestries that chat GPT tells me are uniquely human, we need to live as organisms on a planet with other organisms. I am not that worried about attempts to make technology more similar to us, but I am very, very worried about attempts to make us more like technology. Hank, I'll see you on Friday. They didn't know about that one.


Now it's a Jaria once more on the left-hand side knocked in towards Samaido who skips round the challenge with Lewis Cook, Samaido along the byline and then he's still going and Begovic is supporting him. It's Lukas Jau for Reading against Begovic who finds the bottom corner of Jau. Raphael the goalkeeper has only made one saver. This time it's Reading threatening with Luko and... Low scoring has been the order of the day. 0-0 last night, of course, between Coventry and Birmingham as Lloyd Kelly fires it in. Halfway inside the Reading, half of the field, Brooks coming across the field then knocks one through.  The championship is back within view. Top of the box and Brooks opportunity to get it out of his feet. It comes back to Lewis Cook. No room to shoot. Yes, there is Lewis Cook! Straight to Solanke.


I don't think there's any question that greatness of Erie is due to its Philippine national staff. The contributions of the national staff are incomparable, just incomparable. Erie discovered a model that I didn't fully appreciate until last year. After nine years of being director general. Seven years additional working for Erie as a scientist. An Erie creator discovered this model completely by accident. I was reviewing with Chris Krumbs or HR head here. Our staff profiles and that sort of thing. And we're remarking that the turnover time of international staff on the average is about seven years. And turnover time of the national staff was closer to 20 years. And it just clicked in my mind that you have a machine that's moving forward. And you have different parts of the machine turning at different cycles. And you have an IRS turning at a much faster rate that brings in new thinking from outside. Brings in new thinking. Postdocs, entry level scientists, they stay for seven years, they go on to their career. Maybe they come back to Erie, maybe they don't. And they're bringing in constantly injecting new ideas. You have another part of the machine that's turning over much more slowly. That's taking up that knowledge and innovation that's coming in from the young scientists. But containing and retaining the past experience and accumulated knowledge. And that system of interaction of timing. The national staff having the institutional memory. The experience, the knowledge of the historical nature of the experiments. The context within which we're working. Constantly interjecting and interacting with new scientists coming on board. Coming on board is brilliant. It's a brilliant model of renovation, rejuvenation and conservation. You couldn't have designed a better system. Of course it wasn't designed, it was just pure luck. But it's a brilliant mechanism. And you don't see that. And I look at that and I think that among so many other things explains Erie's great success. It's that contribution, the commitment, the devotion of the longevity of the national staff. With the excitement, the innovation of new SNU and international staff coming and going. It's quite a feat. Now I have to think about this and maybe write it up and get some numbers behind it. But I think it's, that was an insight that hit me just as I said just a year ago. And it was like one of those blinding scientific discoveries.  But nobody said that before. That nature of Erie and its success is utterly dependent on that model. But that model would never work without the Filipino culture. I mean the tremendous work ethic, tremendous loyalty, tremendous sense of family, tremendous sense of community and commitment, all of which contribute. And that is another reason that Erie has been so successful. That Filipino culture, I mean it has its downsides, don't get me wrong. But it's a major contributor to making Erie what it is and what it has achieved.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Aayes Academy for the date 10th of June 2020. The list of news articles taken up for today's analysis is displayed here along with the page number so 5 different editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis is displayed in the description section and also in the comment section in the best interest of the viewers. Let us now begin our analysis. Now let us look at this editorial which tries to explain how the India-China border dispute is different from India-Pakistan border dispute. See in this context from exam point of view know that India shares borders with these countries. Here many of you might know this trick Bachpan MBA for those who are new to UPSC preparation you can make use of this mnemonic Bachpan MBA where BA stands for Bangladesh, CH for China, PA for Pakistan, N for Nepal and in MBA M for Myanmar, B for Bhutan and A for Afghanistan. This is in the decreasing order of length of the boundaries which India shares with these countries. So you can see that India shares 3488 kilometer of border with China and this runs along the Union territory of Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh then Uttarakhand then Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. See this border is not fully demarcated and the process of clarifying and confirming the line of actual control between India and China is in progress. And if you look at the India-Pakistan border it extends 3323 kilometer which also includes 742 kilometer of the line of control. The border runs along the Union territories of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir then across the states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. And we know that the Pakistan is illegally occupying the Kashmir region for many years since India's independence and even Pakistan is claiming that the entire Jammu and Kashmir is a part of Pakistan. So in this context let us discuss in brief about how the India-China border dispute is different from the India-Pakistan border dispute. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See we have given two maps. The first map shows the status quo of India's border with our neighbors and the second one shows India's perception of the border. When we tell neighbors it means the countries of China and Pakistan.  The author says that in recent days China and Pakistan have joined their hands in challenging India's presence in the Kashmir-Ladakh region. See Pakistan has increased the activity of infiltrating the terrorists into the Kashmir valley. At the same time China has undertaken provocative measures on the Ladakh front to assert its control over the disputed areas around the line of actual control. Here the authors of the opinion that India should not conflict that is combined both these disputes as they are different in nature. Now let us see a brief history of the border disputes which India has with both these countries. It is especially useful for the freshers as you will get an overall idea from a historical perspective. See India-Pakistan problems began just after the partition in the year 1947. Pakistan's dispute with India is an ideological dispute. It has claimed that the erstwhile Muslim majority princely state of Jammu and Kashmir legitimately belongs to Pakistan and the latest threat to this claim was the dilution of article 370 by India. See here Pakistan knows that it is a weak military power so it has resorted to the use of unconventional means like terrorist infiltration along the line of control. That is using non-state actors along the borders. Now if you come to the India-China border dispute it is not an ideological dispute. The author tells that China's perceived the dilution of article 370 in a different way. It knows that now Ladakh is separated from the Kashmir problem and it gives India a freer hand in contesting China's claims in the region. And we know that India has augmented its infrastructure building on India's path close to this line of actual control and in 2019 the external affairs minister of India stated that the Pakistan occupied Kashmir region belongs to India and one day India will have physical jurisdiction over it. Now in this context you need to know about the region of Ladakh. See it borders China's provinces of Xinjiang and Tibet. In Xinjiang the Uighur Muslims are present who are revolting against the Chinese communist ideology. Similarly we have the Buddhist resistance in the Tibetan region. So Ladakh borders with both Xinjiang and Tibet. Another issue is India's claim of Pakistan occupied Kashmir. See this Pakistan occupied Kashmir includes Gilgit and Baltistan and now the issue is China has invested heavily in this Pakistan occupied Kashmir region under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor project. So it is clear that China does not want India to get more control in Ladakh which includes the Chinese occupied Aksai-Chin area as well. So we can say that for China Ladakh is primarily a territorial dispute with strategic consequences and we know that China has a superior military force so it is resorting to confrontations across the line of actual control in order to underline its claims. So the author tells that China is actually concerned about the changing status quo in Ladakh and not in the Kashmir region. But if you see Pakistan is committed to use all ways and means to change the status quo in Kashmir region in its favor. So here the author tries to differentiate between the India-China border dispute and the India-Pakistan border dispute. One is ideological and the other is a strategic one. Here the author believes that the territorial dispute with China is negotiable on a given take basis. But this is not possible in case of Pakistan because Pakistan considers Kashmir as a zero sum game. It means again for India is a loss for Pakistan and vice versa. So the author believes that India should not conflict that is combine both the border disputes. Instead it should distinguish the nature of Pakistani and Chinese disputes. So the author tells that though the disputes seem to be overlapping on both Ladakh and Kashmir it requires different strategies. So this is in brief about the discussion of this editorial. Now why this editorial has been titled pincer provocation because it indicates attack in two places at the same time or at once with the aim of surrounding. In this case the two sides are Pakistan and China for India. So the author tells that India needs two different strategies. This is all about the discussion of this editorial. So to summarize we have seen how the author tries to establish the fact that the border dispute between India and Pakistan is different from the border dispute between India and China. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This open article is regarding climate change which has been written by a field expert. He has discussed about two important and interrelated parameters that are responsible for climate change and he has discussed certain timeline of events related to climate change. So now let us look at them. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this editorial is given here for your reference. See climate changes the changes in average weather conditions that persist over multiple decades or even longer than this and it includes both increases and the decreases in the temperature as well as ships in the precipitation that is the rainfall then severe weather events and even changes to other features of the climate system. Thus it involves not just a change in the temperature but every other component of weather including rainfall, humidity, wind speed etc. So with the help of two interrelated curves the author of this editorial tries to explain how climate changes visible. The first curve which the author has discussed is the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. See the author tells that this carbon dioxide curve began its upward trend about 18,000 years ago at that time there was a little less than 200 parts per million that is ppm of carbon dioxide as you can see in this graph. So earth was much colder during this period and you can also see here that over the past million years the carbon dioxide levels never exceeded 280 to 300 ppm but in the mid 19th century the carbon dioxide concentration has started rising at an unprecedented rate. Why so? It is mostly because of the burning of the fossil fuels for energy purposes. Additionally the humans have also burned forests to expand agriculture and also to expand their settlements. So because of this in 2013 the carbon dioxide levels crossed 400 ppm for the first time and in the year 2018 the carbon dioxide concentration reached 407 ppm which is higher than at any point in the past 8 lakh years. So this is the first curve. The second curve which the author has discussed is the average global temperature curve. As you can see in this picture from 1850 onwards the global temperature showed a slight warming trend but from 1975 onwards it has shown an upward trend and by 2015-16 the globe that is the earth at heated by 1 degree Celsius. Based on this it is projected that by the end of this century the global heat up by 4 degree Celsius. So this is about the average global temperature curve. Now how they are interrelated? The increase in carbon dioxide concentration leads to the increase in the temperatures across the globe. So we can see that these two interrelated curves have began their upward trend with the origin of industrial age. So these industrial age not only led to the increase in the carbon dioxide emissions but also increase in the greenhouse gas emissions that is those gases that increase the temperature of the globe. So it is important to curb the greenhouse gas emissions. For this the international organizations came up with many agreements which put the responsibility on the countries through targets in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions within a stipulator time period. So one such agreement is the most well-known agreement which is the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015. But if you see the costs that are involved in achieving the climate targets are quite high. For example the wealthy nations are spending over 500 billion dollars every year within their country on projects that are aimed at reducing emissions. Even if you see the intergovernmental panel on climate change estimated that sustained annual investment of about 2.4 trillion dollars in more energy efficient systems is required until the year 2035. So only then we can keep the global warming well below 1.5 degree Celsius. But if you see these kinds of investment and spending are possible by wealthy developed nations but not by developing nations or the least developed nations. Whereas you need to note one more scenario here developed countries like USA where the major emitters of the greenhouse gas emissions that resulted in global warming. But if you see now the price has to be paid by everyone because every country across the world has now the owners to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. So because of such inequalities the wealthy nations agreed to pay other countries to cope up with their climate change issues at the UN climate conference which happened in the year 2009. It happened at Copenhagen in Denmark and COP 15 was a part of this conference. The countries pledged to provide 100 billion US dollars in aid each year by the year 2020 to poorer countries for climate change mitigation and adaptation. But if you see there are criticisms around such aid for example in 2017 only 71 billion dollars was provided by the developed nations. So based on this the authors of the opinion that the rich countries are unlikely to deliver their target of 100 billion dollars every year especially during the year 2020. As we all know that at present the world is crippled with COVID-19 pandemic and all the economies are hit and also due to the pandemic the industrial activities have come to a standstill. In one way it is advantageous because it has led to the reduction in the carbon emissions from fossil fuels. But if this has to continue post COVID-19 then we need to have shift in the structure and functioning of the societies. So the authors stresses on this fact and here the author has discussed about the usage of technology to suck out billions of tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store this safely somewhere else. For example inventions like smoke towers that capture and collect the polluted air where this polluted air that contains the carbon particles will be turned into diamonds. And also if you see there is an idea to regulate solar radiation by geoengineering. Here geoengineering refers to the deliberate large scale manipulations of the earth's environment that are designed to offset some of the harmful consequences of the greenhouse gas induced climate change. One of the approaches in this is the solar radiation management. The goal is limiting the effect of sunlight on the earth. So it includes possible methods such as sending a giant sunshade up into the orbit or releasing aerosols into the stratosphere etc. But if you see such ideas could also bring unpleasant effects as well and they are in turn quite costly technology as well. This is the reason why the author concludes that there is no substitute for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Here the author's viewpoint is that instead of creating a problem and trying to reduce the side effects of the problems it is better to prevent the problems at the first hand. So the author stresses that the technologists, the economists and the social scientists must plan for a sustainable planet based on the principles of equity and climate justice not only within the nations but also across the nations. So this is all about the discussion of this editorial. To summarize we have seen about the author's views on two interrelated parameters that are responsible for the climate change events across the globe based on which he has also discussed about certain timeline of events incurbing the greenhouse gas emissions that are responsible for climate change. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article discusses about the performance of the Indian universities in the QS world university rankings 2021. In this context you need to know in brief about these rankings. See QS rankings also called as quakareli simons rankings are provided by quakareli simons which is a British company that is specialized in higher education services. See these QS world university rankings evaluate the performance of the universities across the world using these six metrics. Their weightages are given in brackets for your reference. Here you need to know that the academic reputation and the employer reputation is calculated by QS based on surveys. And next if you see the faculty student ratio it assesses the extent to which the institutions are able to provide students with meaningful access to lecturers and tutors that is faculties. So this metric will recognize that a higher number of faculty members per student will reduce the teaching burden each individual academic. Next coming to citations per faculty we all know that in an institution teaching is one key pillar the another key pillar is research output. So the citations per faculty is related to the research output. So the researchers publish their research papers and many people will look at these research papers and refer to them for their research and they will cite it in their research paper. So this is what we mean by citation. So this QS will calculate the number of citations that are received by all papers that are produced by an institution across a certain time period by the number of faculty members at that institution. So this is what is citations per faculty and these next two parameters which are international faculty ratio and international student ratio are self-explanatory. The number of international faculty and international students who are present in a particular university at the time of ranking assessment. So these are the six metrics with their weightages given here. Now apart from this there is QS world university rankings by subject. This identifies the world's strongest universities every year in 48 individual subject areas. So this is in brief about QS world university rankings. Now let us come to the news article. This news article discusses about the key rankings of the Indian universities in QS world university rankings 2021. It tells that the total number of Indian universities in the top 1000 global list has fallen from 24 universities to 21 universities. Now we know that the central government announced the institutes of eminent scheme in order to boost the presence of Indian universities Indian institutions in global rankings. But despite the efforts by the government we can see that the numbers in the rankings have dropped. Very few institutions like IIT Guwahati and IIT Hyderabad have performed better in this ranking. And from private universities OPE Jindal Global University from Haryana has shown an improvement in the ranking. Now let us see why Indian universities have not performed well in the rankings. According to the compilers of the rankings the Indian higher education performs most strongly in measure of research quality. But if you see the institutions in India are failing to increase their academic standing, teaching capacity and levels of internationalization. That is in parameters like faculty student ratio, international faculty ratio, international student ratio etc. So this news article mentions that the Indian universities have performed the poorest in terms of international faculty ratio and international student ratio parameters. Because they have scored 0 on these two metrics. Also they have scored poorly on faculty student ratio but they have scored well on the research related metric which is citations per faculty. So this is in brief about this news article. Additionally know that Massachusetts Institute of Technology from US is ranked as the world's best university and this is followed by Stanford University and Harvard University. This is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize we have seen about the QS world university rankings. It is six metrics and the news article which discusses about the relatively poor performance of the Indian institutions in these rankings and the reasons. Now you can make use of any of these metrics in a main question. If you would have the necessity to discuss about the status of higher education institutions in India and why they are not globally competed. You can tell that they have poor international faculty ratio or international student ratio despite having a strong research base. So always try to extract one or two important points from news articles like these. Let us move on to the next news article. This question is based on this news article which says that the coffee sector is struggling from labor shortage due to a reverse migration of migrant laborers to their hometowns. So as a solution one of the professional services firm mentioned in this news article has suggested that the coffee growers can avail the services of Mandrega workers under Mandrega scheme. If you remember yesterday we have discussed in detail about this Mandrega scheme you can have a look at it for your reference. Now in the context of this news article and in this question let us discuss in brief about Indian coffee. See in India coffee cultivation is mainly done in the southern states. About 54 percentage of coffee is cultivated in Karnataka. So you can see that more than half of India's production comes from the state of Karnataka and the remaining states Kerala and Tamil Nadu also cultivate Indian coffee. So these are the traditional cultivating states. Then we have the non-traditional areas like the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha which cultivates around 17 percentage of Indian coffee and even some of the north eastern states produce coffee. See the commercial plantations of coffee were started by the British entrepreneurs during the 18th century. For better management of the coffee sector in 1942 coffee board was established. It was established under the Coffee Act 7 of 1942. Now this coffee board functions under the ministry of commerce and industry and the headquarters of this coffee board is at Bengaluru in the state of Karnataka. So the core activities of this coffee board is to enhance the production productivity and quality of coffee and even supporting the development of domestic market and then export promotion of coffee in order to get higher value returns for Indian coffee. In this context you need to know about the growing conditions for Indian coffee and some of the varieties. Coming to the growing conditions it is essential to provide proper shade or cover to coffee plants in order to protect them from high radiation levels and rising temperatures. In India if you see there are some coffee growing regions with high elevations which are best suited for growing Arabica type of coffee which is of mild quality and some other coffee growing regions have warm humid conditions which are best suited for Robusta type of coffee. So the two major types are Arabica and Robusta. Now let us see some of the important varieties of Indian coffee. One is the Kins Arabica and second is the Robusta coffee. Apart from that we also have Selection 795 then Cauvery coffee and even Selection 9. See all these varieties differ in their flavor quality and tolerance to leaf rust. In this context also know in brief about the international coffee organization. See it was set up in London in the year 1963 under the auspices of United Nations. It is basically an inter-governmental organization for coffee. It brings together the exporting governments as well as the importing governments in order to tackle the challenges that the world coffee sector faces through international cooperation. And this international coffee organization administers this international coffee agreement is an important instrument for development of cooperation between the coffee producing countries and the coffee consuming countries. And India is one of the major coffee producing countries as well as one of the major coffee consuming countries. It is a member of this international coffee organization. So remember this fact and this is in brief about coffee that you need to know from Prelims perspective. With this information let us look at this question. It is a three statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements that are correct. Look at the first statement it tells that in India more than 80 percentage of coffee is cultivated by the southern states of Karnataka Kerala and Tamil Nadu. See Karnataka cultivates around 54 percentage of India's coffee and Kerala 19 percentage and Tamil Nadu about 8 percentage. So 54 plus 19 plus 8 is more than 80 percentage. So these are the major states where the coffee is grown. So the first statement is correct here. Sometimes you do get statements with factual numbers like this statement. Now look at the second statement it tells that the coffee board which supports the development of domestic market and export promotion of Indian coffee functions under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. If you remember we saw that the coffee board functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. So you can tell that the second statement is incorrect. Now look at the third statement it tells that India is a member of the international coffee organization. This is a correct statement. So here the correct answer is option C1 and 3 only. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this question which has been framed based on this news article which mentions that the ruling party in the state of Tamil Nadu has moved the Supreme Court for the implementation of 50 percentage OBC reservation for those state surrendered seats in the all India quota. And this is for the all undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses for the year 2020-2021. So based on this what we have done is we have framed a question on the constitutional provisions relating to reservation in educational institutions. And this question is about Article 15. If you look at this Article 15 it provides for the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Now do not get confused it is because there are certain exceptions to this general rule of non-discrimination under Article 15. The exceptions empower the state to make special provisions for admission to educational institutions and also in matters of employment. Now let us focus on the educational institutions. One exception is that the state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the members of scheduled castes or scheduled tribes regarding their admission to educational institutions. This includes admissions to private educational institutions as well whether aided or unaided by the state. One more thing which you need to know is that it is not applicable to the minority educational institutions and this is as per Article 15 Clause 5. Now if you remember the same kind of exception was provided to the economically weaker sections in the year 2019 through the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act. This amendment inserted a new clause number 6 to Article 15 and under sub-clause B of this new clause the state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of economically weaker sections. It includes special provisions relating to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions other than the minority educational institutions. So these are some of the provisions that pave way for the government to make provisions for reservation of seats in educational institutions. So try to know the constitutional provisions related to reservation in educational institutions. Now look at this question it is a two statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Look at the first statement it tells that Article 15 empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens for admission to private and minority educational institutions. This statement is not correct because we saw that the special provisions are not for the minority educational institutions. Now look at the second statement it tells that it empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of economically weaker sections of citizens for admission to private educational institutions other than minority educational institutions. Yes this statement is correct so here the correct answer is Option B 2 only. Now if you look at this news article what the ruling party in Tamil Nadu has done is that it has petitioned the Supreme Court that the central government has failed to ensure that reservation happened for OBCs under all India quota category and this petition has been filed under Article 32 of Indian Constitution. This Article 32 speaks about the remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights that is the right to constitutional remedies. So anyone can move the Supreme Court for enforcing the fundamental rights. Also the Supreme Court has the power to issue directions or orders or rits including habeas corpus, mantamas, prohibition, covariant which we discussed in detail yesterday. So from this news article discussion we have seen about Article 21 and Article 32. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this question which has been framed based on this news article. See recently we know that the central government under Pradhan Mantri Garip Kalyan Yojana offered to pay both employee and employer share into their EPF accounts for the months of March, April and May and then under Pradhan Mantri Atman Irba Yojana this was extended for three moments to the months of June, July and August. Now if you look at this news article it gives some statistics on how far this has been implemented. The Employees Providence Fund Organization in short EPFO has settled withdrawal claims worth around 11,500 crores during the last two months of April and May. See an analysis was done on slab wage data and it was found that more than 74 percentage of the total PF claimants during the lockdown period belonged to the slab of less than 15,000 rupees wage and this news article mentions them as low wage earners. If you look at the high income category whose wages are more than 50,000 rupees accounted for only two percentage of the total claimants and the remaining 24 percentage of claims were made by the members with wages falling between 15,000 and 50,000 rupees category. Now in this context you need to know the concept of provident fund. See the word provident means planning carefully for the future. Know that provident fund is a fund in which deposits of any classes of employees are received and held on their individual accounts. So employees give a portion of their salaries to the provident fund and the employers must also contribute on behalf of their employees and this money is then controlled by the government. So for this we have the employee provident fund scheme. It is a retirement saving scheme which the government of India has mandated for all salaried employees in India.  So know that this scheme comes under the employees provident funds and miscellaneous provisions act of 1952 and under the scheme all organizations in India that have more than 20 employees as per this 1952 act is mandated to register with employees provident fund organization. Additionally know that there are certain exceptions to this rule. Now coming to this 1952 act this act and all those schemes coming under this act are managed by the central board of trustees and it is assisted by the employees provident fund organization. One scheme which we are seeing now is the contributory provident fund. Apart from this the central board of trustees also managed the pension scheme and the insurance scheme for the workforce who are engaged in the organized sector in India and as we saw it is assisted by the employees provident fund organization. This organization is under the administrative control of ministry of labor and employment. Now we need to know one important section under this 1952 act as per section 12 of this act the employer cannot deduct employer share of provident fund from the wages of employees that is they cannot reduce the wages of the employees. Any such deduction is a criminal offense. So on a monthly basis the employees will be contributing to this fund and on retirement the employees will get a lump sum amount including the self contribution as well as the employer's contribution along with the interest on both the contribution. So you can see that schemes like this employees provident fund scheme aims to ensure old age protection for the organized workers. But if you see there are no such mandatory schemes for those laborers who are working in the unorganized sectors like street vendors, midday meal workers, head loaders etc. So this is in brief about this employees provident fund and about the employees provident fund organization that you need to know from exam point of view. Now look at this question consider the following statements two statements are given and you need to choose those statement or statements that are incorrect. Look at the first statement it tells that employees provident fund is a retirement saving scheme applicable to salaried employees working only in organized sectors. Yes this statement is correct don't get carried away by the word only this scheme is applicable only to organized sector workers. Now look at the second statement it tells that the employees provident fund organization comes under the administrative control of ministry of social justice and empowerment. This statement is an incorrect statement it comes under the administrative control of ministry of labor and employment. Now you need to choose those statement or statements that are incorrect here the correct answer is option B to 1B since the second statement is only incorrect. Now let us move on to the next news article. Let us look at this question which has been framed based on these four news articles see all these four news article mention one protected area each and whatever news that is present in these news articles is trivial from exam point of view but try to know the protected areas that are mentioned in all these news articles. Now if you look at this news article it mentions about a fire in one of the oil wells in the state of asem and it mentions a protected area dibru sycova national park. So know that dibru sycova national park is located in the state of asem. Now look at this news article which has appeared in the deli edition which speaks about the order that is to be issued by the forest officials to tranquilize a tiger that has killed five people and it mentions about the protected area thadoba andari tiger reserve know that it is located in the state of maharashtra. Next look at this news article which has appeared in trivandrum edition which mentions the protected area silent valley national park know that it is located in the state of kerala and finally look at this news article which speaks about vedantangal bird sanctuary know that it is located in the state of tamilnadu the news is that the state board for wildlife as forwarded a proposal to national board for wildlife to reduce the buffer area of vedantangal bird sanctuary for expansion of a pharmaceutical company that is located near the bird sanctuary. So these are the four protected areas that you can know from exam perspective from these four news articles. So many times you do get such news articles if you come across any protected area like a wildlife sanctuary or a national park or a bird sanctuary or a tiger reserve just try to know in which state it is located with this information now let us look at this question consider the following pairs three pairs are given vedantangal bird sanctuary thadoba andari tiger reserve and silent valley national park and the states have been given here you need to find the correctly matched pairs here all the three pairs are correctly matched so the correct answer here is option d 1 2 and 3. Now let us move on to the practice questions discussion session today we have two main questions now look at this first main question climate experts project that the global heat up by 4 degree Celsius by the end of this century as per the current trends of emissions of carbon dioxide in the light of the above statement discuss various measures taken to mitigate climate change and global warming see this is a very generalized question all you need to write is about various measures taken at the international level to mitigate climate change and global warming now look at this question in recent days China and Pakistan have joined their hands in challenging India's presence in the Kashmir Ladakh region but India cannot conflate the disputes with China and Pakistan as they require different strategies discuss both these questions are 15 marks question answer them in 250 words with this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session if you like the video press the like button comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates stay focused and motivated friends thank you


Mr. Spock died at the age of 83. Spock was played by Leonard Nimoy, and he was diagnosed with COPD a year earlier, which he attributes to a smoking habit that he had 30 years ago. It took that long for his smoking to catch up to him, and I hope this helps you understand why smoking is a very bad thing. A lot of Star Trek fans feel really badly, and let's hear from one of them. Roll it! And this is just the big plus for us Star Trek fans.  He was the ambassador of Star Trek and reached out to all of us. Are you a Star Trek fan, and how does Leonard Nimoy's death affect you? Tell me in the comments below. For me personally, I grew up watching Star Trek. I loved it, and Spock was a role model and inspiration to me.  Does that influence you as well? Tell me in the comments below. Now, where did all this footage come from? Everything you see behind me is from Reuters. We have a deal. This is a pilot project where we have licensed all of the Reuters video footage catalog, world news, dealing with fashion, dealing with politics, and dealing with celebrities such as Mr. Spock. Do you want to use this footage in your videos? If you do, tell me in the comments below, because we are about to open this up to the Freedom Family, where you can use everything from the Reuters catalog that is allowed, and most of it is allowed. Some of it is not, like sports footage, which has very specific licensing issues. But all the footage that we're using in this video is completely allowed for use in YouTube videos, and there is a huge library. Will you use it if we make it available? Tell me in the comments below. I will create more videos about Reuters, and you'll get to see all the other variety of video footage that's available through their catalog. This stuff gets updated every few minutes. There could be a new video, a new breaking story, very often, like several times an hour, so if you want to create a current events news show, this is how you would do it. This is Freedom, and who am I? I am George, CEO and founder of Freedom, and you've been watching... Your brother's keeping...


As pioneers within the industry, Turtle Rock Studios has been working on a brand new and original game. Returning to their roots, they plan to deliver the definitive, next-gen co-op zombie FPS with Back for Blood. We've had to sit by for the past 10 years and watch other people sort of riff on something that we created. The community has been asking us for a new co-op zombie shooter for a really long time. As creators of Left 4 Dead, we want to take what made the zombie co-op shooter experience so fun and then couple that with modern-day graphics, modern-day technology. We're being given an opportunity to redefine the genre that we created.   We really felt like we wanted to do something new. We wanted to do something fresh. We wanted to push the genre. The survivors have rallied together, and now we're finding ways to push back.  The immunity gives the main characters a sense of bravado and confidence that normal folks don't have. You're no longer trying to find a safe place, right? You're trying to create safe places. And part of the way you do that is by going out, guns blazing, and killing as many infected as you can. From the very beginning, we knew what kind of game we wanted to make and we identified the things that would get us there. Thrilling moment-to-moment gameplay, four-player co-op with competitive PvP, a bigger fight with much bigger enemies, and extreme replayability. Before we start spending time on making sure that the game looks good, we have to make sure that we have a fun, poor gameplay experience. We've been playtesting back for blood since the third month of being on the title. And we play test close to every day because we have to ensure that no matter what we do, that moment-to-moment is what people are expecting from us. We think our co-op's different because co-op isn't about just putting four people into a mission together. Co-op's about identifying tasks and activity and gameplay that depend on people working together. If they're not working together, it's not true co-op. There is no lone wolfing in this game. You need your friends to survive.  It's an awesome feeling. It's adrenaline rush. It's one of those moments that make you wanna slap your buddies on the back and cheer and have a beer. We wanted our characters to feel stronger in the world and carry better weapons and be more organized as a unit. And so, as a result, we really needed the zombies to step up their game. The Ridden in our world are a lot different than regular zombies. We still have kind of the common zombies, the traditional ones that you might see or the fast zombies. Even those, we added variety. That's where the mutated zombies evolve. We have zombies that explode. We have zombies that vomit on you.  Our tall boy is a nine-footer.  And when you get hit by it, you go flying back. With Back for Blood, you get the unique opportunity to actually play as special mutations. It's one of the things the community asks for the most. As a cleaner, you're gonna spend a lot of time getting vomited on, getting pounded into gristle. And the nice thing about Back for Blood is that we give you the opportunity to take the role of one of these mutated Ridden and deal some of that punishment to other players. Turtle Rock believes that a good game isn't defined by a single playthrough, but by its ability to evolve over time. Replayability is key, and one of the most important components in keeping Back for Blood's gameplay feeling fresh is its game director. We monitor players, we monitor their actions, we monitor their health, and then we start choreographing the world around them. And the idea is to guarantee that everybody gets a role at Coaster Ride. So when you start a game, one of the first things that you're gonna see is the corruption cards that the game director has played against you. Whether it makes the world super dark or super foggy and limits your visibility, or if it's throwing hordes of mutant Ridden at you, right, that now you gotta face eight of them. And so then you're able to choose from your cards what it is that you're gonna counter with. You try different card combinations with your friends, you can play through the full campaign, you can replay the same mission. No experience is going to be the same twice. We're gonna be constantly making content and watching other people make content that we can share with each other. Gamers are gonna be showing us things we didn't even know could happen. We want the game to change over time, and so we're excited to release the game and then see what the community attaches to and what they get really excited about. We want to keep adding to the game, working with the community to make the game better, because that's what keeps it thriving. We're really looking at working on this for as many years as we possibly can. We like creating games that gamers can dedicate themselves to and know that I can always go back and play back for blood and have a good time.  We're gonna make it even scarier and even more intimidating.   You slay zombies, and that's your job, and you do it well. We're not creating a refresh. We're not creating a redo. We are listening to our community to deliver what we do best to advance the genre forward. It's going to be freaking awesome.


Has provided enough food for a good discussion before coffee? Please, I open up the floor for any questions and comments. If you could maybe briefly introduce yourself? Yes, Martin Morton, University of Liverpool. I work with the Met Office quite a bit in the UK, and I'd just like your response to this question. How confident are you that that particular climate model can accurately predict in the future what the Indian or the Sun will do? Not very. Thank you very much. Because the experience that I have working with them is you need an ensemble of 15 model outputs before you get an even remote action of the Indian or the Sun. The uncertainties associated with that really raise enormous questions about how you can be confident in predicting what might happen. It worries me enormously, I have to say, to see the generalisation coming out, because it implies confidence, which I'm not convinced is warranted. So I'd be interested to see what you could say. Well, I'll quickly comment on that. I thought I had stressed this enough, but I will stress it again, we realise we're only running this with one climate model, but we simply do not have the time and capacity to do anything else at this stage. Across all the models, rainfall is the big sticking point. There is no model that has any good, as I understand, physical understanding of the rainfall patterns. We're certainly not giving this information out with an idea of confidence and accuracy. What we do want to say is that this may represent one possible plausible future climate. I'm not going to say that this is the future climate, I don't think anyone would dare to stand up and say such a thing. But what we do want to do is to try and see what information we can use to come up with some form of plausible future yield potential in this case. But I completely agree with the uncertainty in this kind of modelling. We simply don't have the options to do anything more comprehensive at this stage, because the time and effort required to do just one model for this area has been actually way beyond what we initially anticipated. And it goes back to a lot of the other institutes in the region who have actually done this kind of modelling, but for whatever reason we were unable to share that information with them. I would like to think that this situation would improve in the future because we're not going to be able to do what you just described in terms of ensemble modelling across this type of scale unless we do share this kind of information more freely. Okay, we have one here and then there. I'm a member of the media. I just want to highlight that we're doing all farmers to understand these research needs and fixing their research priorities for the future. I think you... Get a microphone, please. There's a lot of... You will find out about the methods that you're using, whatever you're using in the subsequent presentation, so I'd encourage you to stay away from this. There is a lot of farmer input embedded in the methods that we've used, but it's not directly based on farmer interviews per se. We ask them what the priorities are, but you'll find out that it is using information sources that are based on data collected from farmers. You've seen the example of Alayu Diagne before, and I think we have also, for Asia, a substantial database of household-level information. And so I think it feeds indirectly into the process, but you need to still have a structured methodology that combines that household-level or farmer information or feedback with the more generalized biophysical information of the kind that Andy has shown. So it is, I think, indirectly part of the process. What we have not done is like... Well, sometimes it's being done, you know, conduct like an e-consultation and ask people, what do you think are the ten most important things? Because that is very difficult to make any use of, because you ask ten people the same question, you get ten completely different answers, because each of them has a certain priority, which is not balanced against the other ones. And the other problem that we have with this type of approach is that it's a very biased sample of people who respond to that. So we're trying to combine different sources and what we believe at this stage is a reasonably robust and objective approach, but of course knowing very well that many other stages of feedback will have to come into this at a certain point. Dr. Dutta. Just to supplement Martin's question actually, not a question, but as a comment, just a few days back we were having a meeting about express kind of discussions and the Minister for Power was present in the discussions. And in the Metrological Department was making a presentation and giving even more elaborated than what you said and it was just very nice. I enjoyed your presentation. And then the Minister himself asked a question to the person who was presenting, is monsoon stopped in India? Still in India, monsoon rain, what rain is still going on? When it started, it was said that it was not a monsoon, it was something pre-monsoon. And even still continuing monsoon water and Andhra Pradesh again flooded. So that is the things what Martin just raised the question. I think it is a bit complicated, but at the same time we need to understand these things and to make it as much as possible as Dr. Norman mentioned, that combination of different parameters that we put together. And even we do have in India now, every week there is data coming, details that are coming, still you could not predict it correctly. Thank you. I completely agree and it's rainfall which is the sticking point in all of these models. Downscaling is particularly troublesome.  I am working within the limitations that we have with those. That is what I would like to add today. It is probably well able to say that, remind everyone that this particular piece, the projection of future climate and its implication in yield potential is really only one piece of the whole exercise. We wanted to have it in there so that we have at least general protection where our major areas of change. But I don't think we want to go down and say this pixel is going to behave differently than this pixel. Because we also know very well that the crop simulation models that we have also have inherent uncertainties particularly when it comes to simulating the interaction of CO2 in temperature and crop development and performance. There is another layer of uncertainty which we are well aware of. So I think we don't want to put all our eggs into the basket of these kind of simulations. But we still have some more time for more. There is a young lady there. Wait, wait, wait, wait. So my question is, in the plenary on day one we talked a little bit about that we are producing enough for 9 billion and I'm wondering where the mapping is happening to the distribution issue or the 1.4 billion people where this yield is not reaching and are you starting to work with anybody that integrates the distribution issues and the strategic planning process or which of your working groups is the distribution power? I think the first question was do we have enough food for 9 billion people? That was a comment made by one presenter and I have a serious question on that. The presenter says we have enough food for 9 billion people. I believe that too actually. But David do you want to answer the distribution question? Yeah, again I'd like to make a plug to the second component of this symposium because you'll learn more about how that's handled there. But basically what we're doing is in terms of distribution one of the major avenues in terms of food security is food affordability and that's what we're modeling on the consumer side. So what the actual effect would be on rice prices for core consumers and what that means in terms of additional consumption that could be enabled. So we captured that distribution issue through the price issue and really the matter is you can have any supply and demand equilibrium that you want. It's all reflected in what price you end up with there. So it's not really a question do you have enough food for 1 billion people it's a matter of at what price do you have food that could be available because of what we substitute. So we reflect that in the price issue. If there is I'll entertain one final question specifically on the spatial data not on the other aspects of the process and use presentation. If there is one question on that I will take that. Say it's cold. First of all I congratulate you on trying to put some numbers on some variables. First of all, this is not the objective this is an activity that can help us assign research priorities and resources. That's all we're trying to do. You take a look at how we've been doing this for 20 years within the CG system we just say priorities is the problem. We make them up with something else like this gentleman was talking about Africa. We've done a monstrous work in Africa which presented very well we assume priorities is the problem. It's not priorities. We're at least trying to put a scientific method of assigning the world's resources on priorities. And you know we may not be very accurate but no one else is doing it. Thanks. We'll break for I don't think there is a response to that. The coffee break will be back at 11 o'clock sharp please.


I want to honour and dedicate this award to all the cast and crew members who work relentlessly to make this possible but I am not giving it to them. I'm keeping it myself because I need 30 seconds Mozaqa, I'll just tell you because some years back when I used to get a lot of awards, I decided that every award that I give, get, I'll take it as a gift for one of my kids, it'll bring cheer to their lives. And I truly believe that the last four, five years that my family has seen, my children have seen, my wife has seen, Gauri. I think nobody deserves a bigger cheer right now than them. So I'm taking this award back home for them.