ion of support of Arlington's professional staff. Now they both have teaching experience, which was not true of, I believe of the prior superintendent that Mr. Schlickman referred to. So that's certainly both meet the requirement, but clearly Dr. Greer has more time in the classroom and probably is the stronger candidate there. Build on the strengths of Arlington public schools and support members of the school committee in the work of continuous improvement. Build Arlington's special education to English learner programs to become programs recognized for its excellence. Build a commitment to social justice to lead an anti-racist culture and curriculum as well as create a climate and strategies conducive of recruiting and retaining a diverse staff. Articulate a vision for the direction of Arlington public schools and build community support for that vision. Effectively communicate through various platforms with the district stakeholders, engage in the governing partnership with the Arlington school committee. Thank you. Dr. Allison Ampe. Thanks, I have two things for the first one is one I forgot to say earlier. So I should have mentioned this before this morning I received an email from one of our curriculum directors giving his opinion on the two candidates. I forwarded this email without additional commentary in an effort to provide my colleagues with the information in a timely manner. In retrospect, I probably should have forwarded sent it to Mr. Kutcher to forward on. But I wanted to be sure that you all got it in time and I didn't receive any others that I didn't forward. In terms of responding, when I thought about I felt an important to be able to discuss my decision. But when I thought about how to do this, I realized I didn't wanna get into discussing any perceived negatives about the candidate. I didn't favor because they are both strong candidates and I just think it's wrong if you're not gonna hire someone to be going into a whole bunch of stuff. But I also know that our committee's decision will be scrutinized through many different lenses. During our public interviews with the candidates, I tried to tackle the really difficult topics in the best way I could. And that's what I'm trying to do here again tonight. So I wanna say publicly that as I made my decision, I did take into account our special education needs. I did take into account our desire to increase diversity and representation in our staff. I did not disregard Dr. Brewer on the basis of her lawsuit, which alleges racial discrimination in ways that I as a white person cannot fully phantom. I also did the best job I could to examine my own internal biases and work to allow adjustments for them. But I also looked at a lot of other information. After reviewing all of this information at the end of the day, I felt Dr. Holman is my preferred candidate and that she is well-equipped to address all the issues we face in the Arlington Public Schools. I'm comfortable casting my vote for her when we ever vote. If we vote, in no ways do I mean to imply that my colleagues did not follow a similar thought process but I can only represent my own thoughts. Thank you. Mr. Gellman. Hi, thank you, Ms. Morgan. I think Dr. Allison Ampe actually summarize a lot of the things that I've been thinking. I gave equal consideration to both candidates. Both candidates have many strengths. I think Dr. Holman, as I said earlier, answered questions more precisely with more substance, more detail, more depth. I believe that a thing that I was looking for was an ability to connect with the staff that we have in the district and lead that staff. And I found that in my reference checking. This candidate, Dr. Holman has five years of experience in the central office in Waltham. Our previous superintendent prior to Dr. Bodie did the Broad Institute and was a nontraditional candidate. I think Dr. Holman is far from a nontraditional candidate. She is steeped in, based on everything that I've heard and everyone I've talked to, she's steeped in the logistics and the details of how a central office works, how a central office interfaces with principals and department heads. And she understands that well. And she also understands how change can take place and the limitations on change without getting, unless you get principals and department heads to buy into what you wanna do. So I admire both candidates. I think both candidates have many, many wonderful attributes. I think I'm very comfortable with the selection of Dr. Holman. And I don't think it's a good idea for this committee to drag this out. I don't think it's good for the candidates, actually. And I think tonight, if there are five people in favor, the smartest thing to do is to put a motion on the table, directing the chair to enter negotiations with Dr. Holman with advice from our council. And then we can vote on that as a way to determine whether to take another step. Thank you. Mr. Schuchman. I would remind Mr. Thielman that we had five votes for Mr. Levinson. And we did site visits for the two top candidates we had. I would say that my concerns about Mr. Levinson were decreased somewhat through the site visits and the further research. They weren't completely eased. I thought that in many ways, Mr. Levinson exceeded my expectations. He did have a background through the Broad Institute in the superintendency. And I think the strengths and weaknesses of that were that he understood a lot about how to run a school district, but that left him without the key knowledge of public governance in a critical town. And his inability to both be forthright with the community and to build support within the community led to his downfall. And we took much more time with that process. The community had much more of a chance to see the candidates. We had an interview with these two candidates on Thursday and Friday. And one of the interviews wasn't posted till last night. The community hasn't had a chance to digest. So the people who have had an opinion going in or a reason to boost a candidate have been the loudest in our feedback. And I've seen far too many people posting comments in the feedback here that were, well, I know my second cousin knows somebody who worked with this candidate and I love her or I hate her because of this. The evidence that are firsthand directly from first people who have interacted with this candidate or these candidates are still in our minds limited. And in fact, because we were off doing our own individual reference checks, there's no commonality in our experience in terms of looking at them. We are doing this too quickly. If this is the will of the committee, then it will be the will of the committee in December 10th and we can vote or 12th or whatever the next meeting is and we can vote it. But there are people who are just starting to pay attention to what we are doing, who haven't had a chance to see these interviews, who deserves a chance after hearing our discussion to come back at us as members of the public to voice their opinions on this decision because the ratings that we're seeing in the feedback loops are divergent. We need to bring the community together in this. We are not in a position to unify the committee if we don't have a unanimous vote out of the committee. If we don't have some element of consensus and we don't have that right now. If there's a motion to support the hiring of Dr. Holman, I will vote against it. If there's a notice to reconsider it for the purposes of unanimity, I will vote against it. I feel very strongly that if we go down that road, we're making the wrong decision. In advancing her forward, I was looking at the fact that other people saw things in her that I didn't see with the hope that she would show them and that didn't happen. I'm very concerned about the path we can put ourselves on because while we may be confident in the good people we have in the district who are working for us today and are doing the works in curriculum and the principles, if we hire the wrong leader or they feel slighted in any way, we may have a group of vacancies that we will be needing to fill and we will become a less strong district as a result. We cannot afford to do this so quickly because it is not obvious that one candidate is superior to the other. We can argue about this back and forth between all of us for a while and the community is going to be arguing it back and forth because there's no universal consensus in the community or on this committee that, oh yeah, we have one candidate who is a superior candidate, we don't have that. I'll make a motion to take up the decision of hiring a superintendent at our next meeting and request the search process committee to set up virtual site visits for the two candidates, that's my motion. I'll second it only for the purpose of discussion. All right, Mr. Heiner, go ahead. Although you and I lost our second round commentary options but you can come together. Thank you. Through the chair, I would ask Mr. Schlickman that if this motion prevails, would he be open to a reconsideration at that time for a consensus vote? Mr. Schlickman? I would be much more inclined if I'm able to go in. Look, we haven't even met the candidates in person and so that- Excuse me, Paul. The answer is I'd be more inclined if we were to go for the next step and do some site visits, yes. Mr. Heiner. Mr. Hager. May I continue? Yep, please do. I seconded the motion for the purpose of discussion. It looks like I will not be on a prevailing side either tonight or going forward but I also shared with the chair the idea of the importance of having unanimity in supporting whomever becomes our superintendent. I guess, Mr. Schlickman, I need a commitment from you that I'm willing to support it going forward. I don't know about the other five members but I do feel so strongly about the idea of having unanimity going forward with whomever becomes our new superintendent. Thank you. All right, more discussion on the motion by Mr. Schlickman. Dr. Allison Ampe and then Mr. Cardiff. I appreciate that Mr. Schlickman is concerned. I do, I'm still thinking but right now I'm tending towards not supporting a motion, not supporting his motion. I am unclear what additional information I will under that I will uncover in a virtual site visit that will change my mind. I am also unclear how opening to additional community feedback is helpful. In fact, I see this as a divisive move because you're essentially trying to rile up the community to kind of vote for your candidate. And that does not feel good to me. I note that when I look at the feedback forms right now both candidates actually had exactly the same number of responses. So although there was a delay in posting Ms. Holman's or Dr. Holman's interview it does not seem to have stumps substantively altered how many people were able to provide feedback. And I really, I don't think we're the ones who are elected to make this decision. That's what school committee does. We don't punt it to our community. We don't punt it asking them for more feedback. We are there. We have followed the best process that we could under these extraordinarily difficult circumstances that we've been under. And I appreciate that Mr. Schluckman has strongly held reasons why he does not favor a particular candidate. But I am disappointed with the way that he is going about trying to persuade or impose the rest of us to change our minds. It's not part of our norms. And I am concerned that if he had specific questions that could be answered that would be one thing, but I haven't heard specific questions. In fact, what I'm hearing is kind of a poisoning of the well and that also is not in alliance with our norms. So right now I think I'm voting against this motion. I'm sorry, I've processed it while I'm talking to you. I'm voting against this motion. I think it's the wrong step for us to take. I'm sorry that we are not able to come to a point where I think we will be able to have unanimity. But I also feel that what is there's a difference between getting in a boat and going somewhere and getting to your destination and jumping into the water and just making it all muddy. And I think that's kind of what we'd be doing if we do this motion. So sorry, I've been talking a lot. Again, I'm done. Mr. Cardin, I lost Mr. Cardin. Let's wait. Go ahead, Mr. Dillman. Can you hold just a second so that we can just see if he comes back just so that you don't have to repeat? He's gone, right? Okay. I'll off the grid. All right, go ahead, Mr. Dillman. Do you wanna wait until Mr. Cardin comes back or we just kind of do? Yeah, let's give him just a minute. Yeah, maybe text him and see if he's okay. We'll find out. Ms. Morgan may make an observation. How much to check the law in districts? I just wanna make a public observation that Mr. Thelman and Ms. Ekston dressed just for this meeting tonight. I saw them earlier. Oh, Mr. Cardin will be back with us momentarily. He gave me a way. But you're very observant, Mr. Ener. Nothing got by the fourth grade teacher. Does this mean they were not dressed for any preceding meetings? This has not opened us up to too much here. Three of us were in a relaxed mode for our subcommittee meeting. Your subcommittee meetings sound much more interesting than most of mine. All right, Mr. Thelman, he said to go ahead. Okay, so look, my friends, I'm not gonna support Mr. Schlickman's motion. I have a deep respect for Mr. Schlickman and his position. I also have deep respect for the desire to get unanimity. But I think we will get unanimity over the coming months as the new superintendent and the superintendent of B begins to meet us and work with us. I actually think if we keep this up, we could lose both candidates. So I would urge the committee to vote no. And I would urge the committee to support a motion after we address this motion to direct the chair to begin negotiations with Dr. Holman. Thank you. Mr. Cardin. Thank you, sorry about that. It was, this was such a riveting meeting that I didn't notice my battery was dying. So thank you. So I had expressed concern last meeting about coming into this meeting without any structure. And this is precisely the reason why I had those concerns because now I had asked if we were going to do site visits let's figure out a way to organize them or come up with a plan for a plan. But now it looks like we're wanting to delay because one member's favorite candidate is not the favorite candidate of a majority. So maybe that's not the intent. Maybe even if there was a split decision on going the other way, there would still be a proposal for more process. But I think now that we have a split decision, it's going to be widely known. That's okay. That happens all the time in searches. You know, I appreciate Mr. Hayner's move for a symbolic unanimous vote. But we've already had our, we've already spilled the tea as the kids say.  I'm open if other people want more information to getting more information. I was always open to the idea of site visits. But I think that at this point, now that we have all expressed our opinions, as Dr. Allison Ampey said, there isn't anything I want to know to make my decision. I can't imagine anything, you know, short of some negative revelation on one of the candidates that I believe already would have come out through our background checks that we've done. There really isn't anything else that I think would change my decision. So I find I'm going to have a hard time supporting this as well. Ms. Eksten. So from earlier in the process, I was very much in favor of some kind of in-person meeting with the candidates because they do feel like it gives us or would give me, you know, a sense of the candidates at this point. I'm not sure that something in-person or a virtual site visit would give me enough new information for me to change my mind than my preferred candidate for superintendent. And then I have to agree with some of the other members of the committee that I worry about what delaying the decision would do to the two finalists that we have right now and also to the community conversations that could come from that. So I'm not going to be supporting this motion. Anybody else? Mr. Schuchman. Thank you. I just want to point out that persuasion is an important part of being a part of a deliberative body and to trying to be persuasive in discourse or debate within the context of this committee is not a violation of our norms. It's what we're supposed to be doing because we cannot deliberate outside this meeting. So if we can't be persuasive here, we can't be persuasive anywhere. So I have spent a lot of time thinking about this decision as I alluded in my earlier remarks. When I decided to run for school committee, this was something that I imagined might come up at some point. And it was something I was very interested in participating in. It was something I was deeply reflective about during, I have been very appreciative for the process and the care that has been given. And I've spent a lot of time, frankly, personally, turning over rocks over the last few weeks since we found out who the two finalists were and going back to the same rocks and turning them over again to see if there was something different underneath them and walking around and looking at them from a different perspective and talking to myself about it in my kitchen all the time. And I really felt this weekend that I really landed on a decision. And it was a decision that was challenging to come to. It was extraordinarily time-consuming. And I know enough about myself to know that when I find myself someplace then I feel that sense of decision that I don't move from that place. So I feel comfortable with what I know right now. I didn't know 10 days ago or 12 days ago what I would need. I had not seen either candidate, but I really felt like I got what I needed, what I've needed over the last two weeks. So for that reason and because I questioned what I would learn in a virtual site visit and because I'm looking forward to moving this product. I'm looking forward to moving to a time when we can plan and figure out where we're going as a district. I don't support doing site visits and I don't, so that's where I'm at. So I don't intend to support a motion to do site visits at this time. So any more discussion about on the motion from Mr. Schickman, seconded by Mr. Heiner. Any more discussion? Seeing none. Ms. Ecksten. No. Mr. Cardin. No. Dr. Allison Ampey. No. Mr. Thielman. No. Mr. Schickman. Yes. Mr. Heiner. Oh. And I'm also no. Good morning. Yes, Mr. Thielman. I move to direct the chair to enter into negotiations with Dr. Elizabeth Holman to be the next superintendent of the Arlington Public Schools. Second. Discussion. Mr. Cardin. Thank you. So I just want to say that I appreciate Mr. Schickman's views about the candidates, Mr. Heiner's views, everybody's views. Certainly we all had done our research and as Ms. Morgan stated, has been many hours and lots of time viewing videos and coming to a conclusion. And certainly the discussion about who we prefer is one we should have had and we did have and it revealed that there were differences and that's fine. I don't think that's what happens in these searches. And it's awkward because we have to do this in public and we can't have a back room conversation about the candidates as you would in a normal employment search. So it's an awkward situation. I appreciate everybody's views but I think we're ready to take a vote. Thank you. Mr. Heiner. Thank you, Mr. Cardin for saying that. In the spirit of going forward in a positive way, I will be voting to support the majority of you. Mr. Schlickman. As I stated before, I can't support this motion. I would prefer tossing the search and doing a do over as opposed to this outcome. I think it is the wrong outcome for the community. I cannot support it. More discussion, Mr. Thielman, I see you. No. Well, I would just like to say that, you know, look, this has been a spirit of discussion. I think we'll go home tonight and reflect on it. And I hope that we, I know our committee will come together and support the new superintendent. I hope and think that we should be excited about this moment and we should be excited about the talent that we can bring into this position. And I am confident that all of us can work together to support the new superintendent. Dr. Bode has seven months left and a lot of work to do. So there's a lot of work ahead of us as a committee and as a community. And I think this is an exciting moment for the community. And I think we have an excellent choice and I want to commend everyone who worked on it and thank them for it. Dr. Allison Ampe. I want to point out that the search committee brought forward these two candidates and unanimously and we're very happy with both of them. And I am disappointed that my colleague now feels that because we have chosen one of the candidates that it is a failed search, I want to, I'm trying to represent the rest of the search committee. I can't, it's everything we did was an executive session, so I can't speak to it, but just that there was good feelings in the search committee about both candidates and that they, that's all. Mr. Schickman. Yeah, we can't violate the terms of the executive session of the search committee. We had 15 members and two alternates. We had a rating system where we ranked candidates. Two candidates came up top. We voted to advance those two. That vote to advance was unanimous. I did not offer any points or scoring for Dr. Holman and the preliminary round for much the same reasons that I'm talking about now. It was, other people saw things in her that frankly I didn't see. And I was hoping through this process that I'd see something more because we are questioning was, and I'll talk about this in terms of the public questioning. The public questioning up to this point was all in terms of internal district and curriculum operations. There's a definite lack of any kind of questionings about issues of governance, of public policy, about much of anything that involves front facing part of district operations. And that I think is the most important part of the job, which is why as the chair of the committee and supporting the structure and process of the search committee, we came together unanimously to advance two candidates. But I think that it was clear in my rankings then. And in terms of what I observed from that point going forward, having lived with these two candidates for an extended period of time since the beginning of the process, I kept looking for what I saw with the gaps to be filled in her candidacy in terms of the public governance and the outwardly facing stuff of this district. And I never saw that. And it was extraordinarily disappointing when on the first page of our focus group report, we talked about how a 252 town meeting member town meeting is the appropriating authority for the schools. And that Dr. Holman couldn't answer the question as to who's our appropriating authority. I was hoping to go for the depth in terms of public governance from experience from caring about public governance and understanding how school districts operate as a political structure. That's what I was looking for. And I never got there. And that is such a critical part of the job. I've worked in central office for 19 years. I've seen about five superintendents come and go. I've seen superintendents come and go for Marlington. I know where superintendents fail because they can't master the emergencies or the externals. And I don't care how well you are able to go and do things internally in the district and master curriculum. This is an outside political front facing job. That is a concern of mine. I think it's a legitimate concern. We haven't had this discussion on this legitimate concern that's facing us. And I know I'm trying to be persuasive again in a committee that isn't buying my persuasion. But I need you to understand that this is a very heartfelt viewpoint from somebody who's worked in education all his life and observed many superintendents that I'm not being arbitrary, but I can't support this. Mr. Carden. So just one response on that. There is one Waltham School Committee meeting where Dr. Homan was the only administrator present. The current superintendent was not available for some reason. And she definitely handled the somewhat bizarre questions from the Waltham mayor who chairs the school committee in her own unique manner.  It was an amazing performance. And I have no question that she can step into this role and be the public facing governing relations person that we need. Thank you. All right, anybody else on this motion? Seeing none. So motion by Mr. Thielman. Second by Ms. Exton. Ms. Exton. Yes. Mr. Carden. Yes. Dr. Allison Ampey. Yes. Mr. Thielman. Yes. Mr. Schluckman. No. Mr. Heiner. Yes. And I am also yes. So I believe your motion, Mr. Thielman directed me to, so what I will do is begin thinking about a contract for Dr. Holman. And I will come back to the committee at some point to assume to discuss the contents there so that we can begin those negotiations. Mr. Heiner. Just a thought. You might want to connect with Mr. Kuchner. He has got a little experience in this and may be able to help guide you. I have no doubt that he will. Hi, Mr. Kuchner. One of the minor observation, it's after nine o'clock, so your record's shot. It is indeed, but I intend to end this meeting before I need to seek a motion to extend it. So we all know when our time is up. All right, that has, we have reached the end of our agenda for tonight. Thank you all for being here. And I am looking for a motion to adjourn. So move. Second. Ms. Eckston. Yes. Mr. Cardin. Yes. Dr. Allison Ampey. Yes. Mr. Thielman. Yes. Mr. Schlickman. Yes. Mr. Heiner. Yes. And I am also yes. Have a good night. Thank you for your service. Happy holiday. Be safe.


about business, you can be your own business, like personal branding also implies, especially right now when we are by, we live in a, in a, in a world where it's already a global village, we have most of people getting into the internet, being content creators, so there's a way you have to handle yourself, so when you get into those boardroom, you see all the deals, so when you communicate, you communicate the right personality and create also the right perspective of how you want to be seen, when seated on the table, and be listened to, yeah. And of course, we need to understand this, when we talk about branding, we are not talking about big companies, because we're talking about branding and someone thinks of, of, of a safari comb, apple. We're not talking about big businesses, because even that small business, that SME, needs branding. Absolutely. Because if you just think branding is just for big corporates, then you've got it wrong. Branding also includes somebody, if you use a t-shirt online, how have you branded yourself to sell that particular product as an SME, and that's what we're going to talk about today. Oh yes, absolutely. I agree with you. Every other established business started from an SME background, so there's always steps to be taken, and the correct steps, strategy is the way to go, and that's when branding is actually very important. Yeah, yeah. Yes. And I've got five tips. Okay. Did you implement these five tips? Because you know, you tried a couple of businesses back then. Yeah, I've done a few businesses, and now, I'll give tips based on something that I recommend. Oh yeah. It may work for some, it may not work for others, but I believe it will work for most people. And it also depends on the time you give yourself, and just as a disclaimer, it is not custom stone. You can, I believe that these are things you can try, you know, poli poli, because be assured, we just get yourself out there and do it. I'm not saying that if you do this, it will work immediately, that it will give you a hundred percent results overnight. No. But it can work. Yes, it can work. I believe it can work. Absolutely. I'm looking forward to the tips that you're about to give, and also I think the important thing is, just catch your coat according to your clothes, like customize whatever tips are we going to give, or different angles when it comes to branding and what is important strategies as well, customize it to what you feel suits your business, because not everything will actually work for your business, so take a couple and run with it here. Because remember, businesses are different. We have large corporates, we have the SMEs, you know, you've been talking about them for a long time, and businesses are different. Anyway, let's get it. Twas Apple. Yeah. Twas in German. Number one. Identify your brand. Oh, yes. Get an identity. Yes. What are you doing? Mm-hmm. How should people see you? How should people identify your business? What makes you stand out?   Mm-hmm. Be a master of something. When somebody looks at you, they should think of something. Oh, yeah. If you look at Ramaguku, what's the first thing that comes into your mind? That's your identity. Mm-hmm. Identify your brand identity, and that is the first step of getting your business going. Speaking, and adding to that, just cherry on top onto that, is that when you identify the identity of your business, that is, you continue to present that, like you become consistent on it, because if you wake up the following day and decide a couple of months down the line, like, I want to be recognized for this, I want to be recognized for that, like you should be stable in one air code. Yeah. Actually, what you need to do is find out what you want to do. Mm-hmm. And if someone can ask you a question, describe your company in a sentence. Mm-hmm. Describe your business in a sentence. Describe what you do in a sentence. What will you say? How will you describe it? Mm-hmm. And that is part of identifying your brand, making your brand identity. And that is one way of getting your brand out there. There you go. So before we go into a couple of other tips, we're going to take a short break, and then we'll be right back. And we're getting into it, like we are diving all in. Okay. We'll also be looking at brand positioning as well. So don't talk that down. We'll be right back.


All right, Sean, first things first. Is it now championship or bust in Brooklyn? You know, great question. I think we're gonna own it. We're gonna own the fact that, you know, we've built this team to go as far as we possibly can. You know, we want to be the last team standing. That's the bottom line, you know? My guess is there's five, six, seven, eight teams that all have those same realistic expectations as well. And, you know, we're obviously trying to continue to build this roster, build this organization up to have sustainable success. So, you know, that's certainly the goal.


Prof. Prithish Chittay, working in Mechanical Engineering Department in Walchand Institute of Technology, Sallapur. In our third session, we will discuss the different cutting operations which can be performed on lathe machine. These are the learning outcomes. The students will be able to explain different cutting operations that can be performed on the lathe machine. So what we are learning in this session, we will have a quick recap of the second session. What we are learning in the second session after that, we will see the different cutting operations that can be performed on the lathe machine. Now what we have learned in the second session, we have learned the different lathe accessories. You can see the different pictures. Now you can recognize like this is a three jaw check. We have learned a three jaw check and a two jaw check, also a magnetic check, which is a jaw holding device, which is a part of headstock. After that we have learned the face plate. This is a face plate. The face plate can be fixed inside the spindle in the headstock and we can fix the job inside the face plate. The face plate and angle plate can be used combiningly. The wing plate and lathe carriers that can be used combiningly, which is a job holding devices. This is a straight lathe carrier and this is a bent lathe carrier. After that we have learned the lathe centers. There are the different types of lathe centers like a standard center, half center or the revolving center, which is a part of a centers, which will be supporting part for the to hold the job. There are the main two types of centers like the live center and the dead center. As we have discussed in the last session that the live center is present at the headstock part and the dead center is present at the tailstock part, mandrels. So these are the some of the types of the mandrels. So for example, plain mandrel or the color mandrel or the step mandrel. The function of mandrel is that whenever we want to hold a very lengthy job, which is having very high length and that can't be supported by a maybe a chuck or maybe the face plate or maybe the centers. But we can use the mandrels. Also suppose you are having the boring part. Suppose you are having the boring part, so that can be used in the mandrels. Steady rest and follow rest, this is the steady rest and follow rest. So this is also used to hold the lengthy work pieces. Now very simple question, for holding lengthy work pieces, which length accessories can be used? Just think about this question and just please have the answer for with you. Now in this session, mainly our objective is to learn the different lathe operations. You can see the list of the lathe operations, like the turning operation, facing operation.  Parting off is the last operation. Now we will see in detail turning operation. Turning and facing are the basic operations. Lathe operations means to remove the metal during the actual cutting operation. For example, in the turning operation having the turning between the centers, so this is a live center and this is a dead center and we are having a driving plate here means the job is supported with the help of the live center and the driving plate and the end of the driving plate is attached to the tail of this lathe carrier or the lathe top. So this is the left end of the work piece. So work piece will be supported with the help of three job holding devices like the lathe carrier, the live center and the driving plate as per the requirement and to the right side you can see there is a dead center which is a part of tail stock. So the right side of the work piece will be supported with the help of dead center that is tail stock. Now how the turning operation will be carrying out? Now you can see the tool is having the movement in the linear direction to the left hand side or maybe the right hand side. So suppose the tool is moving towards the axis but your tool is moving parallel to the axis of rotation of the work piece. Always remember in the turning operation the tool is moving parallel to the axis of rotation while the your work piece or the job or the component or the product is rotating. So the tool is moving in the parallel to the axis of rotation. So here whenever you want the metal cutting operation there should be the relative motion between the tool and the work piece. After that only there will be the cutting operation. So here so which parameter there will be the changing? It may be a length or it may be a diameter there are the two chances. So here you can see the tool is moving parallel to the axis of rotation means the diameter is changing here. There will be the decrement in the diameter during the turning operation. So now there are the two operations first will be the rough cutting operation or the rough turning operation. So this is the rough turning operation and this will be the finish turning operation. In the rough turning operation the depth of cut and the feed will be heavy because we have to remove heavy stock of material in the rough turning operation first of all. Due to the heavy stock of material the surface will be rough 0.7 mm to 7 mm we can take the depth of cut also the feed will be higher. The chip will be also a large you can see the chip thickness will be a very large as compared to the finish turning operation. Now here very small material will be remained during the finish turning operation. So in the finish turning operation you can see the chip is very less here and the depth of cut will be also very less and the feed also very less the work piece is rotating and the tool is having the motion parallel to the axis of rotation of the job. So very less material will be removed during the finish turning operation. Now the next will be the facing operation the half center use that is the type of the center now you can see here the tool is moving perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This is your axis of rotation and the tool is moving perpendicular to the axis of rotation in the facing. Now suppose there is a metal removal process there. So we are having the length reduced during the facing operation always remember in the facing there will be the reduction in the length and in the turning there will be the reduction in the diameter. You can see the tool is moving perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This is the work piece which is rotating and the work piece is hold between the chuck. This is the part of the headstock and there are the two ways we can hold the tool. Now the tool may be having the 90 degree or you can place the tool just parallel to the axis of rotation and the tip of the tool will be touching to the your work piece just like this and the half center is used during the facing operation. So here also we can perform the rough facing operation and the finished facing operation just like the turning operation. Now we will move to the next operation that is the drilling operation. You can see in the diagram the work piece that is the cylindrical work piece and which is fixed in the maybe a 3 jaw chuck or maybe the 4 jaw chuck in the headstock. This is a tailstock and this is a barrel and the sleeve where your tip of the drill will be fixed or the drill tool will be fixed inside this and the tip of the drill will be touched to the work piece for the concentric or the center after that only the drilling operation will be done. And suppose you want to take the drill inside the work piece we are using the hand wheel manually to take the drill inside the work piece. Now how much depth of cut we want? We are marking the particular maybe a 3 mm or maybe the 4 mm we want the depth of cut we are marking on the drill tool. The next one will be the boring tool. You can see the type of the boring tool. This is the rough boring tool and this is the finished boring tool that can be used for the rough boring operation. The heavy stock of material that can be removed and the finished boring operation where very less material that can be removed but the surface finish will be higher in the finished boring operation. This is a cylindrical boring bar where we can use it in the boring operation.  Boring operation is a next part of drilling. Suppose you are having the hole that is already done maybe the casting or maybe the forging and suppose you want to just enlarge the hole yes we can use it as a boring operation. These are the references thank you.


Hello everyone welcome here in Bogota and thank you for coming. I'm Otila and I'm from the Swarm Foundation and Today I'm going to talk about this swarm the where the project is at the moment How you can run light node how you can run full node and talk a bit about future plans as well So I don't know how many of you are familiar with swarm But basically swarm is decentralized data storage and distribution technology so Also, I'm not sure how much of your family are with this original idea of Ethereum being the word CPU, but at that's the swarm origins coming from the same time and then at that time There was this idea of this holy trinity where it term is the word CPU swarm would be the words hard drive and then whisper would have been the messaging system and Like things turned out to be differently But still the idea and the roots of swarm is coming from that so you can think of swarm as being the A huge hard drive based on peer-to-peer technology and then when I'm talking about swarm people usually ask me Okay, so how is it different from IPFS like this is the question that everyone is interested in and then It's quite different, but there's since the The goals of the projects are similar than I think it's worth mentioning like what are the there's some kind of core ideas that Are built into swarm and maybe differentiating with different Or alternative decentralized storage system. So one thing is that swarm has a very strong focus and privacy preserving and I'm being permissionless. So it means that you in order to upload to the swarm to the this world Hard disk you don't have to have a node. So that's a different from IPFS. You have to have your node and I will talk about later like a bit more the The differences in like how the data is handled, but then again going forward on this list like Swarming iterative means that it uses a lot of primitives like crypto primitives that are used in iterum And also the smart contracts it uses are running on EVM So it doesn't invent its own Blockchain and it does not try to create that problem because that is solved by others and it's not the area of focus It has rose defenses against blocking or changing access so that This is kind of the thing that we call censorship resistance So once data is uploaded to the network as long as there is someone who wants to keep it on the network then Nobody else can take it down from the network or that's the idea and then I will talk about later where we are with that There is also a feature which is like auto scaling. So the Because this is our country. This is a distribution network as well the data is a You know when the data is downloaded then the copies are stored on nodes and therefore It's it's available on more nodes. So that it has this Property that like more people you sharing the same kind of data sets the more Copies there on the network and that can help with like CDN type of functionalities There is integrity protection with content addressing But also there is mutable updates with signed chunks So you can have both of these things together and with that you can think of also like as a Not only just storing like static data sets but like have data structures that can be updated and can be used for application layers and And eventually it forgets data or content that is no longer relevant to preserve. So as I will explain like you have to pay in order to get the data on the network and If nobody's paying for the data, then it means that it's no longer relevant. So it will be deleted so these are like from this you may get an initial impression and I will go to some Details but not in a very deep level because that's not the focus of this Workshop, it's more it's going to be hands-on. So don't worry. Just I just give a small introduction So that's everybody in the same page So basically when you upload data to the swarm what happens is that swarm takes the data splits it into 4k chunks and then assigns the the IA and then Optionally currently it's optionally encrypt the chunks and then based on the chunks content address finds the nodes That should be storing it on the network and that means that the data is spread on the network. So then you want to upload a Data as any data on to the network then when you have a node Then it will find the nearest nodes that matches the content address of the data of the data chunk and Send it there and then when you try to download the data the same logic happens So then basically you access any nodes and then it will find the route on the network and then get back the chunks from the the nodes that has the address closest to the chunks address and so that's the basics of like the Storing data on swarm and the main concept and also There are different kind of nodes. So as as a swarm evolve we realize that one size does not fit all And then at the beginning we only had this full node functionality where like the nodes were storing data. It was also used for accessing the network and Like basically all the functionality were in the full nodes, but eventually we realize that Most people won't necessarily need a full node functionality So we separated like into different ways how you can access the the data on the swarm network There is a gateway that we provide As a as a free trial version so to speak There's an ultra light node which you can install on your laptop and then it doesn't use too much resources But then with that you cannot upload to the network because in order to upload to the network you will have to pay for the data for that someone to store it for you and That's something that you can do with a light node and I will I will install this on my computer like we will see like how the internet works So far it was not always great, but let's I hope someone like sacrificed some goats to the demo gods today so that we can have some luck with that And yes, so we basically realized that if you want to see like a web 2 kind of view of like this different product packaging then I can show you this that basically There is a free trial on the gateway that you can access from the browser You don't need to install anything you can just go to this website You can upload it download data, but it's limited to certain size and then also that It's the nature of the gateways is that in the gateway operators must You know comply with the low and then remove some data and then at that point like censorship resistant cannot be Maintained or guaranteed if you want to access directly the network then the the recommended way to do that is by using Either the swarm desktop app, which is like easy to install and you can install it on your laptop or desktop computers And then most we recommend is to most people that want to create data and store network or just want to simply access the data on the network and It comes into various is like this ultra light node, which does not Require you to do any kind of transactions on the blockchain, but that's limited So then you can only access data, but not upload if you want to upload you will have to buy the The swarm native token, which is called BZZ and then with that you can buy Capacity on the network so that you can store your data and with the full node you can It has the full functionality But it also means that you need to run this on a more likely on a separate Server because like if you run the full node on your laptop machine, for example, it uses It may use your network connection in times that you don't want to it has to be around 24-7 because then that provides the availability for the data for others on the network So if you close your laptop then I will talk about later like you wouldn't be able to participate in the in the earning part of the Of this thing. So like how to how you can earn money by by storing data for other people and So, yeah, like we realized that the full node is not a Very good choice for most people having running it on their laptops and stuff. So for that We recommend the desktop app and the full node we recommend people who are more seriously want to Store data for other people and then so maybe to recap like this like the light node Considerations is lightweight use only resources if you request them on demand So it doesn't have to go running 24-7 and you can start without a penny So that means that you don't need to make any transactions to start using it but I'm later you can unlock it with more functionality and The full node has different hardware requirements. So like currently we Recommend that you can start running it in Raspberry Pi with like 4g ram 70 gigs of disk space It has to be an SSD so most likely if you want to use a Raspberry Pi you have to Connect your external SSD to that because it's quite demanding on the disk as a storage system should be it's always on so it's supposed to be run 24-7 and You have to do one transaction in order to participate in the In being a full node. Basically, you have to deploy a checkbook contract so that you can Participate in something that we call the bandwidth incentives. So let me just talk a bit about that It's basically there are two kind of incentives. There is bandwidth incentives. That is like incentives like money that you can earn for sharing data on the network and then there's storage incentives that is like how you can earn by storing data for other people and So like Everyone maybe I don't have to explain here the importance of insensitive incentives here, but like maybe What's relevant here is that like these two things are separate and currently Only the the bandwidth incentives are Running on the on the main net. So currently you cannot really earn Money by storing data for other people. This is something that we are working on currently and this is on test net So we are planning to rolling it out like soon once the testing is done and Yeah, so maybe Just to show you like the the the data economy in the network is that what we see is that What is interesting in swarm is that consumers who are downloading data from the network are actually paying for downloading data so There is a way to to use it without paying but that means that you are Your speed is limited so that you don't basically the the nodes are prioritizing paying nodes Who are paying for downloading? content and so the the interesting tier thing here is that This enables a new kind of economy. So Like the currently the internet has this problem that By storing data can be quite cheap But the problem is that if you try to store large amount of data and it gets your project We get successful and people start downloading data from you Then suddenly your costs are not on the storage side, but actually on the bandwidth side So if you're using Amazon or something like that Then you will have to pay a lot for the bandwidth and that can be a for small project that can be like prohibitively expensive so Like storing like I know I had this example that's storing like 40 gigabytes per year is like Few dollars maximum, but like if there are like 10,000 people downloading that from you you can start paying like Money in the $10,000 range and then small projects may not be able to afford that and By changing this kind of dynamics on making the downloaders pay can enable new kind of applications Where even like small projects can afford to to host big data sets and also this enables Hosting public Datasets or common good data sets that we consider like for example Wikipedia data or or Open street maps data or like it would be good to see like blockchain data It doesn't really make sense to blockchain data bit stored on all the the nodes It's it would make sense to have like one common good space where everyone could finance and Maintain as a common good and there are many other use cases that this can enable and What I see here is that this can create this kind of new kind of applications where business Opportunities can rise when data creators can create They create something that is stored on swarm and then that can be shared with consumers and then here you can figure out like You upload data you get back the reference and then by giving access to that data can Be turned into business opportunities. So that is also something that we considered Solved problem and now I'm going to the More hands-on part of the the workshop So I will go to the terminal and do some stuff that people does usually in the terminal And so the first thing I would like to talk about is that so the swarm currently has an implementation called be and You can download be from the website and you can install it on your computer and then you can configure it and start interacting with that and So there is a dev mode for this like I wanted to show this to you because that's quite easy to use and it's quite Handy when you when you are not sure if you want to be invested in this And you don't want to spend too much time on that. So basically once you have the be binary Installed on your machine, which is called be done This dev mode can be just involved with this be dev It starts up and then it's ready to serve requests so you can access the the B API on port 1633 and It also has some other functionality in ports 1635 like it's Currently that like data related functionality can be accessed on the 33 port and then administrative functions can be accessed on the 35 and Maybe I can show you like the The documentation for this so like we have quite complete documentation so how the API works and then Like maybe I will do this at the end like Once I went through all the things. So I Just wanted to show you that basically like trying it in dev mode can be quite easy And it does not take you a lot of time if you just want to try it Upload data download data check out field API then this is a recommended way to do and then there is a Desktop app So for that I will need to I forgot to do this, but I will do some quick Housekeeping so application support So I already have it installed on my machine. So I need to basically Sorry about this So I just moved the folder. So it forgets everything So you have you can go to the website and then on the website you can Yeah, it's later. This is going to be handy. So on the website you can download it And I already downloaded it so that it's on my machine And I don't have to rely on the network. However, like installing this like this is a completely network software. So In order to demonstrate this I will need also network connection to be working But the point is that So there's a desktop app. It's an electron app. So it's available on all major platforms Mac Linux windows and It has different Versions that you can download So if you this is the GitHub page, but you can also download it from the website and once you have this file On your machine Okay, wait, let me just find this Like here don't swarm desktop. Let me sorry about this Zero I don't have it Okay, so now let's do like how would you do it? So I download the x64 DMG version because I have the Okay, maybe I don't do that Okay, sorry, I will just open the Downloaded version This is going to work So you yeah, okay already installed it. So I just need to start it like you install it as a Mac app You put this in the application folder and then you start it and Yeah, it starts with Downloading be so currently it's it just Yeah, it's again I didn't think of this because on a normal network this doesn't take too long and this is only needed because We support m1 Macs So it has a different version and it has different be version So it downloads the m1 Mac be version if you have an m1 Mac or m like Apple Silicon version and then For me, it's an all into a Mac. So it downloads that one and Yeah, after that. So as you can see like this is a Desktop app you you have to go through the installer Let me check like where it is. So so we don't really created the things but downloading the So you don't have to wait for this normally it's like this If if this doesn't work out then I can I can show you the and already downloaded version and Installed the only problem with that is that there is a step like when you download the app first it starts in a mode where Like it's a it's a really slight ultra light mode So it's it's a limited version. You can only access data, but you cannot upload and in order to Unlock this upload functionality You have to do the thing what we call the crypto onboarding and that is basically you have to fund your node so swarm the swarm in that uses the diagnosis blockchain and That means that you will need to have some xdai so that it can make the transactions for you and Also for uploading data to the network you will need the BZZ token so my I will cancel this because like it's not working very well and that's not good, but I Will show you the the network anyhow Or the version that I that I had on my machine installed already So I will just need to put this thing back to the library application support and swarm Space desktop and if you have that then when you start the app like that No, forget Yeah, okay Me that's the demo effect and then the network Yeah, maybe So Yeah, so I did some testing and they did not really work well. So this is why I try to do my Network connection and yeah, I managed to override this for some reason Okay That's not good, but we will oh, yeah, that's true. Okay Thanks for like in the in the when you're sharing a screen It's not necessarily the you see none of these things I put it inside. Okay So that's good So we will need to do some and we'll just put back the here Remove the Asian support swarm desktop So it means someone is listening to the one I'm talking and that's good news Alright, okay, let me check Yeah, so now you have all the files downloaded and it's already set up and for running and we just need to start it so in this case it just starts up as this one small icon and Then it opens the UI in the browser. Oh and Something is happening but This is not what I expected Anyhow the the point is that like if you have a working Internet connection like Then this is this is working. So and then you can do this. So yes, I can use your computer You have HDMI Defcon workshop Wi-Fi. All right. Oops. No, not that one that one So wait, something is working actually. So Sorry, but this is the password Okay, thanks Thanks, everyone Let me see if it's works better or not Okay, so it's somewhat working like it's I can show you the the most functionality of this thing So Yeah, there's one warning Which might just go away once the network is in a condition where It should work. So, yeah, like you can see that I have connected 214 other nodes it went Wait, yeah Okay, it's jumping around. So this is not what usually happens But yeah, it's like you connect around a hundred nodes and a hundred peers and then you can use that to To to upload and download the time you can go here upload download So the only difference is that in the when you install it in the first time You don't have the wallet set up and you don't have this checkbook Which is also not working at this moment, but the point is that At that point you have to do the script on warning and for that We actually have a way to like different ways to do like you can use either a gift code Which we have here. So if you are curious and want to try out and you don't want to buy BZZ then Look for gas per here And then he has a bunch of codes already printed and then like give it a good internet connection So that to to have a good experience on that You can also set up its With xdai and we also provided some guides how you can do it with with a bank card But like maybe a crypto so don't do that use the code and Then so with this app then you can hear like you can upload and download content I'm a bit like now scared to try it because it might give you the impression is not working what it is So like I will upload my presentation in this format. I need to add the postage stamp Okay, I have one so there is this concept of postage stamps so when you have The money for for uploading basically the dispostage stamp is something that you need to attach to your content And basically it's two things like you buy a capacity certain capacity for a certain amount of time So this is like the post we call it postage stamp and then you attach it I mean swarm attaches it to all your Data that you upload it and this is how the know the store nodes know how long they should be preserved and then this is also used later for The redistribution of the value of the postage stamps or the node operators When they have the data stored In this storage incentives game, but I will talk a bit about later They participate in that and then they get they can get the value of these postage stamps So here I chose the postage stamp And then I will upload it and then we will see All right, so something worked I Mean I yeah, this is a cheating a bit because I managed to upload the data to my locally running swarm node So it doesn't mean necessarily that it's already propagated to the network, but Yeah, it's like it would be good to share with someone and download that but like this is how it works Like it generates this hash and then you can just copy this hash and then share it with someone else and they can access the data with this hash from the network and Yeah, it has some functionality where you can manage your wallets and then your balance and Your checkbook. So the checkbook is the thing that is used for the bandwidth incentives. So if you if you are running a full node then this checkbook is You don't necessarily have to Put money in it But if you want to download big amount of data, then you can basically make it faster by by putting money in the checkbook And then how it works is that when your node is requesting data from another node, then they create a Balance between them and if your node is only downloading then your balance will be negative So then eventually you have to have to settle that balance on doing you can do this with the checkbook And if you have a full node you don't necessarily have to do this because the full nodes are participating in in sharing the data and And then basically you're over time your balance will even out So you can also do that if you want to use your phone out for uploading data as well But it's not necessarily to do that and then we have these postage stamps And then here you can see the statistics of postage stamp and manage postage stamps like this is a The idea for this is that you can like basically create different kind of content what you want to To share and for how long and then for those like different kind of categories you can create different kind of postage stamps and upload the data according to this category and There are also feature called feeds. So this is the the thing that I talked about this mutable chunks Our mutable data with sign chunks it enables you to to create like a Version that can be updated over time and then with that you can Here in this in this UI you can even use that as a for example If you upload your website then the basic Model where you upload it will be like you can you will get the content hash of the data that you upload it But that will change over time as you as you change your website So if you want to avoid the paying the cost for like updating your website every time In in ENS and then point it to a different ENS record and pay the transaction cost for that You can this you can use this feeds functionality and then basically update you can you can update your feed And then your feed will also have Fixed it's like a not changing hash that you can put in ENS and with that you can update your website Through the feeds and that's for that you don't need to change the cost on the blockchain and We have some settings here So this is the desktop app basically just a UI and it looks like it's stabilized a bit So now we have all everything working Seemingly and we have like a normal number of peers and Yeah, this population is not very correct So we have some analytical tools and it shows that there are about 2000 nodes in the network currently so it's like not 80 not 3800 and Most of the nodes are actually like run by Organizations that supports form so there are individual nodes as well And you can also start your node and I will talk about that in a minute So I will just stop this down because like this is the so this is the desktop app If you want to try out look for that guy Okay, so then There is another mode which like the full node So in order to do that You need to Read a bit about like the the documentation and we just realized that It seems like most people recently Doesn't really like reading or like reading documentation or it seems like the Way how to do it better. It would be video maybe but so we have documentation about this But we often get questions From people like how to do that, but actually the the documentation has this Like it describes the the necessary steps and then I'm going to go through this and explain this maybe it's It's complicated how it's written But this is what you need to do basically you need to create a config file Add six or seven things to it and then you are good to go. So Let's start I will start from an existing config file because I already created this and I will go through that line by line so that I can explain like how it works So this is an existing working full node setup. Maybe I can make it bigger Oops, I made it smaller so So yeah, like first of all like you need to say tell be that it's Your support you want to run it in full node. So you have to do this full node through you have to specify a data there So like this is where your files live And then this is you have to make sure that on that disk where it points to you have enough space for that And it's also you have to make sure that it's an SSD so that it's fast enough. There's a password don't use one but I Mean that works for demo purposes And that protects your your wallet But like what we do what and what we say here and maybe what's important to mention is that so one when you start be the first time it creates its own wallet and The reason for that is that we don't want people to accidentally, you know import their their wallet with their funds in it and then, you know, like You it's it's much better just to start your your node without with an empty wallet and then find it and then let it run because currently there There are ways to secure your wallet So swarm also uses a thing that may be familiar from running get this clef So there is there is a version of clef which works with swarm Which is called be clef, but we found actually that's that was one of the source of the problems of installing your swarm node so that made it quite complicated and Because of that we no longer recommend by default to to run it with clef Also, we recommend people that don't put a lot of money in their full nodes. So be in the in the storage incentives I will talk about like if you want to participate in the in earning busy You will have to stake some money in it But the the the current stake is like ten busy which versed like five dollars So it's I think it's like five dollars is not really worth the hassle of setting up a big clef and Just you can secure your thing with reasonably strong password then there are two other config options that It's also documented, but I would just ask so the swap end point is maybe it's it has this historical context So initially we had this the swap is called bandwidth incentives internally in swarm lingo and for that you need an RPC endpoint and I just added one it's a public endpoint, but obviously you can use like on On the gnosis chain. It's like you can use get block or or whatever provider you want to use or you run your own node, of course but so this is an RPC endpoint to access the blockchain and You also need an initial deposit Config variable so by default it's not zero because as historically we Recommended people to put some money in their check. This is for the checkbook So in order to have some balance But we found out that in order to start you don't really need this And if you don't want to use your full node for uploading or downloading data Then you can leave it to the initial deposits to zero in order to do that though like there is a an initial transaction if you want to run a Full node it it deploys a Checkbook contract and for that you will need some xdai in order to make the transaction, but that's the only initial cost that you will need and There is this thing which is documented also that You can fine-tune your your b-node to Increase the default number of open files, which is something that unique system have like basically the Open files can be open files But also the the network connections in Unix are represented as files and then we use quite a few network connections So it's better to increase the default values and Then one more option is this resolver options, which is only necessary if you want to use ENS So there's ENS integration of swarm that if you have an ETH domain registered then basically you can you can set it in the ENS record you can set it to your to your swarm address and then It it will work with swarm, but it only works with swarm if you set up a resolver for that and Since this is happening on Ether or main net this requires a different RPC endpoint that the swap endpoint so this is a Kind of trade-off and this is also optional and this this one this last option is only needed if you Want to enable the debug API, so we want to have access from the HTTP API to the internal Administrative functionality of your node most likely you want it so I have for the sake of completeness I added it to the to the default configuration and I will just try to run this so Let's see I will skip the step of like doing the running it one by one like So starting it and following the documentation step by step and then if that fails then adding the new one New config line. I just I will just use the prepared config that I just explained Okay Why there is no be here I will just use I Have one I usually build from source Oops Okay address already in use, okay So there is something running here already It's not the Sorry, no wrong wrong tab. It was the the dev mode so full node Be So this is how you start it you specify the config file and Then you start it and then it runs I will make it a bit smaller so that maybe you can see more at the same time smaller Yeah, so what you can see here is that like You have a node running and then it connects to all these other nodes and then It sometimes locks things like this like You have to be familiar with these things. I can show you how it looks like from the beginning so you start it it prints this be and then some things it prints out some public keys and addresses version chain backend and Overlay address so there is it uses a different address than your Then your Ethereum address that it uses so that basically It's something that is it's a bit harder to just you know run a Lot of random nodes and then this overly address provides some kind of protection against Running a lot of nodes and trying to take over some part of the network so Yeah, and then at this point we have a full node running and Maybe if the network is working Maybe we can even try to Okay, I close now. No, sorry right here. I Closed it. All right. I don't no longer have the the hash that I applauded previously I just wanted to try maybe it's downloads So the the thing is that now it's if you start a full node from scratch It at the beginning it will start synchronizing data So the current full node capacity is around 20 gigabytes, but it also has some caching and some other overhead So it uses more data than that But it tries to like synchronize 20 gigabytes of of data and that is one B nodes capacity. This is something that we consider increasing in the future, but for now it's like seems a reasonable Default and then basically when you start an empty node then it will try to fetch as much as it fills up this internal Storage space and so that it can serve other Nodes from that so it may happen that if you run a full node then it might not be It might not be able to Or it may slow down your computer at the beginning or or you know It might not be able to access all the data immediately Interestingly if you run a light node that is not doing any kind of synchronization It just ask the data from other peers and then it works as long as soon as you install it So it does not have this synchronization period like if you use IPFS and install that You know that it also has to wait you have to wait a few minutes until it becomes usable This is not the case with this form light node, but this is also the case with this form full node and so Like this is how you can set it up. So Maybe Yeah, we have like 12 minutes left. So maybe I can just I will just talk a bit more about like the the storage incentives part Where it is currently so Yeah, the there is Currently a test net and the main net for the swarm network and the test net is uses the the girly blockchain and Then in order to participate in testing you will need some girly busy We can provide that if you need if you want to try out in the discord We have a discord channel So if you join there and if you ask them want to participate in testing Then we can give you girly busy for throwing it out These codes are like actually like if you want to a private key So like if you want to try it on main net, you can also do and then you can use these codes as a as a wallet Private key and then from that you can figure out the rest you can import it to metamos can then transfer the money to that And so what's maybe interesting is like the current status of the project and where what are the next plans? So Currently the the storage incentives are on the test nut. So that means that we are testing out this Function it's quite interesting actually and I suggest you to read about it that basically there is a Lottery game kind of thing that So the nodes that have like the that shared the same partition of the network They collaborate on the blockchain in a in a game that like they have to Commit the Approve of the data that they are storing and they have to Create the consensus on that and then based on that they select a winner that takes the the pod but over time it's statistically everyone can win and that's how the the distribution the redistribution of the funds are solved and Yeah, this happens through smart contracts, so we will post a Lot about this because this is our current focus area that we want to get down and once that's working that we all enable love like that will finally enable the this Data economy that I just showed you previously where like people can actually buy Capacity on the network and then node operators are compensated for their efforts and so that's one thing that is the current effort that we are doing and after that we We will work on making the like be more stable for like handling bigger datasets and then have enabling it for for Use cases which uses like it requires on bigger datasets like for example like video and stuff like that and once that's in place then there that can open the Swarm as an application platform for application and then storing data on that and that can generate like the the activities on the network and we are also going to upload some Initial like public good datasets that we talked about like so that do bootstrap the network and make it useful From the get-go, but also to compensate early adopters who participate in the in the main net And then eventually we expect that like others will follow and therefore like We can bootstrap this data economy and then this can be a self-sustaining system So this is the What I wanted to tell and we have some time left for questions. So yeah It's So It it has a limited capacity. So it's 20 gigabytes currently what it uses and like it uses existing data in the sense that like It it will populate it with data that is already uploaded to the peers So that it will connect their peers which has similar address space and then fetch the data from that so that they basically share The data in a partition of the network and for that the capacity currently is this 20 gigabytes You can also pin data on on on your node and that's an extra space that is used But also pinning is a bit different in this context than IPFS So Because like if you pin data on your node It doesn't necessarily mean that it's available on the network because your node will be only Contacted by other nodes if you are if if the data Hash matches your node and then if you upload your data, it's not guaranteed. So then It only means that you from your node It will be available that can be useful for some use case if you want to make a gateway for web to kind of like So as a gateway like for for like compatibility or for applications or websites that does not have like built-in integration with swarm. So like basically providing transitioning phase But yeah, so That's that's an extra capacity and that's not counted in the in this What we called this called this 20 gigabytes is called the resource space And this is what you need to prove actually when you participate in the storage incentives that you are storing that data Yes Yes So Yeah, I didn't really want to go into this part because like this was meant to be a workshop and not necessarily a marketing Talk, but yeah, so I this is what I wanted to talk a bit about in the beginning. So yeah so for example like the the thing that For example, the the built-in Incentivization is something that differentiates one from others. So like with IPFS, there is no Incentivization you can have in some division with fight coin But fight coin is actually not the same thing as IPFS So it's you requires to run different demon and then it's different tooling and the different trade-offs so what we feel is that like this is an integrated solution that Me it may seems to be easier to set up and may serve some use cases better and then we can discuss like what are those use cases So I mean what we feel is that With IPFS you store files and folders and that's useful for many things But we feel that for example swarm you can store like data structures that can point to things and then application Basically, you can create like databases and applications that stored on swarm and use this form as a backend So it's like not only not only for storage, but also for like messaging and and this is a decentralized cloud Not only just the storage part here, sorry Two questions quickly number one as I understand you have to that you have to pay to download and pay to upload, right? Yes Okay, second question you said something about class using class in the In swarms for example when you're using multiple high clients in the sense in as a single cluster But the documentation says he recommends it using class But you right now you said a few minutes ago that it that probably that you're having a little bit of problems with the class So so how yeah work so What I recommend here is that if you want to try out running your own node Start without class if you have multiple nodes and you want to manage the keys for them And you want to basically have an operation running multiple nodes then consider running it with class But by default I think it's easier to start without class and what was the first question? Sorry Yeah, the upload and yeah, yeah pay to upload pay to download this You have three minutes left any other questions. Yeah So it's regarding the download and upload payment so what Let's say we have this app YouTube or Netflix running fully on swarm and there's content That's very viral and everybody's watching it And of course you as a provider don't want to pay for the bandwidth So in terms of a user experience That means that every user of this app will have to have a Some sort of a wallet That will have to pay for that content to consume it. So yeah, that's a good question. So what I imagine this is that Basically It depends on the application layer and how the application layer manages this So like in this regard like swarm is the if do we talk about like it's decentralized cloud Then it's again like Somehow applications can abstract this away So also on YouTube you don't pay for like Google cloud But like you pay for the YouTube and then how it's handles this problem in the background. It's a different story So we don't have all the answers to that But like one way to do that is or what one way how imagine this is that This post system mechanism currently it's tied to your node, but it's it doesn't have to be that way So it can be actually portable and then basically you can you can you can make your application Hand out postage stamps and then with that it can enable Uploading even in the browser without having to connect to a full node or like having to have capacity for for things So that we have ideas about that, but this is something that still needs to come when applications are built All right, and I have a question here You show us that Swarm take an R shift and divide it in the small blocks Well sharing the network. What happened if for example, for example, my node is corrupted After the project and what happened if I'm user what to made modification to the fire so the So all the all the data on swarm is stored by this content hash So basically you can with that you can detect if the data has been tampered with or like changed or corrupted and like all the data has Is replicated on the network. So like if only one node is changing the data Then actually it can be called and actually it will be called once it's participating in the storage lottery and make a claim for storing data that they have they actually need to make a they have to create a cryptographic proof and When doing that it can it it will reveal that like if they tampered with the data are changed or corrupted Then they cannot really so at that point. They might lose their stake and stuff. So in this regard like the system has integrity protection built in and And yeah, so How to put it like yeah, so the the content hashing makes a lot of things very easy in these regards like the content address or Yeah, we also have a brands program if someone is interested in in developing apps on swarm then we are looking for ideas also and we The thing is that we don't want to build everything like actually we want to build as little as possible and then Create this ecosystem where people Participate and create their own stuff and by that contribute to the to the network and the common goods your question Yeah, yeah, yeah, so it's written in go and go provides like easy way to compile it to any platforms Mac windows linux you have farm version everything. So I I managed to even run it on my phone. It's on Android So, yeah All right, if there are no more questions, then thank you


When you heat a metal carbonate, the metal carbonate decomposes to give carbon dioxide and the metal oxide. We will heat a sample of copper to carbonate. As we heat the copper carbonate, the copper carbonate decomposes to give a characteristic black copper oxide. The carbon dioxide that is released is bubbled through lime water. The lime water is a solution of calcium hydroxide. The carbonic acid and the calcium hydroxide react to produce calcium carbonate, which is insoluble. The lime water turns cloudy because the carbon dioxide as it bubbles through the water produces carbonic acid.


Thank you, Carlos. Let me figure out how to work with this. Anyway, hello, everyone. My name is Aija Mal, and I work at Google. I am very excited to be here at the first Knative Con. And I started working on the project somewhat recently, mainly helping with the transition of the Knative project from Google to CNCF. And through this work, I met a lot of wonderful people, made a few great friends, and I'm meeting a few of them here for the first time in person. So that's really exciting. And again, this is really a special day because I get to be part of Knative Con. I get to celebrate a lot of big milestones of the project. And yeah, it evolved dramatically over the last few years, and the community has been awesome. It's vibrant and big, and a lot of big partners contributing to it. And it's really awesome to be part of it. And yeah, I wanted to take this opportunity to give in to me just to take all of you back to history lane and remind how it all started. It might be really hard to do it all in five minutes, but I'll try. So it's kind of impossible to talk about Knative without mentioning Kubernetes, right? And that's why we're here, and that's what KeepCon is about, and all of that. And in 2014, when Google open sourced Kubernetes, it fundamentally changed how organizations manage their infrastructure, develop and deploy their software. Like, it created this whole new way of building services where development teams could work independently and develop and deploy services super, super fast, faster than ever before. And then in 2015, Google partnered with the Linux Foundation, and they formed CNCF, where Kubernetes lived since then. And Kubernetes evolved and matured, and there were a lot of new projects appearing close to the Kubernetes ecosystem. And a lot of big collaboration, big partners started contributing to these projects. And in 2017, Google and its partners, they released Istio that addressed the need to easily connect and manage microservices that the operators needed. And it helped them to understand what was happening in the back of the infrastructure a lot better. And around that time, people understood that there was a new need that emerged for users to automate the boring parts of building and running services to be able to focus on high-value differentiating features. And that's how people started thinking about Knative, meaning Kubernetes native. And I did some digging into the original design docs and the goals for the project and all of that. And by the way, initially, the Knative project was called LFROS.  And the original design goals were to have something that was very familiar for Kubernetes users that would cover the tasks of building your containers and deploying and scaling workloads and managing events in your applications at scale. And that was also conformant. And that is how Knative was born. The first commit to Knative repository happened on January 30, 2018. So we invested in this project and made them open source because at Google, we believe that Open Cloud enables faster and better innovation. It reduces risks of vendor lock-in and gives customers the flexibility and choice to manage, migrate, and build all their applications across different cloud providers. And customers have autonomy and control over their data and applications. And they can adopt Google technologies without having the technology risk. And Open Standard also creates value and trustworthiness for all the ecosystem partners. The users of software, they get transparency and consistency for the software they use. And service providers get to rely on all the rely and benefit from partner ecosystem, like in case of Knative. And Knative and its well-defined APIs enable all of these benefits for the whole ecosystem, like users can run workloads on Kubernetes on prem or on cloud. And service providers can build high value for their customers by providing conformant and portable managed services. And that's exactly the value Google gets out of Knative as well. We're able to bring Google Cloud services to more physical locations and work to provide the best-in-class managed service that is Knative Conformant. Yeah, and I said, Open Cloud relies on open source to deliver the portability that users expect. And that's why it was very important for the Knative community to release its official Knative specs and build a conformance process to have a single standard API that all service providers would meet and conform to. And that way, we could guarantee our users that their code would work out of the box if they were switched to other cloud providers, other service providers, and even if they want to move to different physical locations and so on, without worrying too much. And it was a big milestone for the project to reach one point dog conformance specs. And a lot of people put a lot of work into it. And we established a clear conformance process. And as a result, Google have now submitted a Cloud Run and Cloud Run for Anthos to Google products based on Knative for conformance review, and it's going through the process. And it's thanks to many people who worked on this conformance specs that we were able to fulfill Knative's promise of portability. And this pull request is still open. If you are assigned to them, don't forget to review them. And that leads us to where Knative is today. I mean, we can talk a lot about different things that happened in the project, but I think that today it has eight commercial offerings based on Knative. And there's 450 companies contributing to it. There's more than 2,000 contributors to the project. And it's super big and huge for any open source project, especially, I would say, relatively, this young. And also Knative became the most popular serverless layer on Kubernetes, which is a big thing to celebrate over and over. And if you've been following the community, more exciting things happened in the past few months. And in November last year, Google announced their intention to donate Knative to CNCF. And February this year, Knative project was officially accepted to CNCF incubation, which allows this new phase of community-driven innovation in Knative to begin. And this is very exciting. And we are super excited about things to come to Knative within, like, CNCF, very close to Kubernetes and its ecosystem projects. We expect great collaborations to continue with the communities in cloud-native ecosystem, especially now that we announced that Istio will be also joining CNCF, which means that there is a full stack for serverless applications development now. And as Google, we are committed to support and improve critical cloud-native open source projects by working with our customers, our partners, foundations, and open source communities. And yeah, that's it for me. I want to give this space to the next person before I get kicked out.


Hello and welcome back to another episode of physics partner in today's modern world firefighting systems have become increasingly advanced and efficient. However, did you know that the basic idea behind the system can be traced back to an ancient invention. Let's discover how this innovative idea have influenced and shaped the firefighting system we rely on today. Today we have an incredible topic that bridges the ancient world to modern science, the physics behind the tassibius fire engine. The story begins in ancient Alexandra during the third century BC where the marvelous engineer tassibius turned dreams into reality. He designed a revolutionary firefighting device that operated on air pressure the tassibius fire engine. This machine consisted of a bronze cylinder filled with water connected to a pump and a long tube. By compressing air into the cylinder pressure would build forcing the water through the tube like a modern day fire hose. Let's unravel the amazing physics behind the tassibius fire engine by employing principles of pneumatics. Tassibius harness the power of compressed air to exert force on the water. As the air was compressed it particles become densely packed increasing the pressure inside the cylinder. This pressure pushed against the water propelling it with tremendous velocity out of the tube. It is truly fascinating how such a simple concept can generate such as enormous force. Apart from its historical significance the tassibius fire engine holds paramount importance in the development of firefighting techniques. During a time when devastating fires posed significant threats this innovation allowed for more efficient extinguishing of flames protecting lives and property. Furthermore it laid the foundation for future inventions in hydraulic and pneumatic machinery setting the stage for endless possibilities in the field of engineering. Surprisingly the concept behind the tassibius fire engine still finds application in contemporary society although the device itself no longer used it principled have influenced the design and functionality of modern fire hydrants and firefighting equipment. Additionally the understanding of compressed air and its properties is crucial in various fields such as pneumatics scuba diving and even space exploration. So let's complete our journey on the riveting physics behind the tassibius fire engine whether it's captivating history great importance and enduring applications. So i think it's enough for today so thank you very much for listening and watching i hope you enjoyed the video i hope this video is useful for you so take care of yourself and don't hesitate to write an email if you have any question curies suggestion and even classes are required take care of yourself meanwhile see you in the next video goodbye


I'm listening to Thomas Hobbs Leviathan. He says that the actions of man proceed from his opinions and If you want to govern people's actions you have to govern their opinions and I'm not so sure About how true that is All right, maybe in a time when people took their opinions more seriously All right, so in pre-modern times and people thought that their opinions were Objective statements of truth and people willing to you know kill over the doctrine of the Trinity Okay, maybe Circumstances like that you want to govern man's actions the sovereign has to govern his opinions so Thomas Hobbs Held that the state of nature is cruel the man's life in it a short nasty and brutish and so therefore man needs to throw in his lot with a with a totalitarian government and Give it the power to regulate speech and even conscience and Spinoza came along said yeah, I need to regulate man's thinking and need to regulate man's opinions and Carl Schmitt said that the downfall of Western civilization Was because of Spinoza opening up space For any opinions whatsoever So Schmidt would argue That the more united the nation the stronger it is and all things being equal. That's true But sometimes having a diversity of opinions can release You know all sorts of Innovations You don't have with the uniformity of opinions so This is where Carl Schmitt thought Western civilization took a wrong turn okay with the thinking of Spinoza that the sovereign should not try to regulate man's opinions and it just seems Horrifying in the 21st century to Regulate man's opinions Why should the government regulate your religious opinions, but it's kind of what Godwood podcast is on about once Sounds like you'd be quite fond of a little more unity and religious opinion so I think Made a difference between the modern and the pre-modern and the post-modern worlds is how seriously we take our own opinions particularly on matters of faith people Don't tend to take religion so seriously anymore.