Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IAS Academy, displayed at the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the respective page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis will be available in the description section and also in the comment section below for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now start our analysis. First, let us see the editorial title reimagining the Neethi Ayog. The analysis of this editorial will be helpful in your mains preparation, in your general studies paper 2 under functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. And also in your general studies paper 3 under Indian economy and issues related to growth. First, the authors have started with the fact that the Indian economy, polity and demography, that is the population and the Indian society has undergone many changes since independence. The authors have suggested that India's fiscal federalism needs to be reconsidered from a different perspective and they have proposed four pillars for redesigning India's fiscal federalism. So, this entire editorial is about these four pillars for redesigning India's fiscal federalism. We know that politically federalism means a division of powers between the central government and different state governments. So, the power is divided between the center and the states. Now, fiscal means something which is related to the revenue or the finances. So, we can tell fiscal federalism as the division of financial powers. Now, let us see the first pillar that has been proposed by the authors. It is the finance commission. To know why finance commission's role is important, you first need to know the imbalances in the financial federal structure. The authors tell that typically countries that have financial federalism have two types of imbalances. One is the vertical imbalance and the other is horizontal imbalance. First, let us see the vertical imbalance. Vertical means central government at the top or the helm and the state governments at the next level. Now, the tax revenues have to be shared between the state and the center. If center gets more tax revenues than the state governments, then we can tell that there is a vertical imbalance. The authors tell that the constitution mandates relatively greater responsibilities to the state governments when compared to the central government. If you see post the introduction of GST, nothing but the goods and service tax, the share of states in the public expenditure is 60% while it is 40% for the center to perform their duties, as mentioned in the constitution. So, we can see that there is some balance achieved with the introduction of this GST. Now, horizontal imbalance means the imbalance between the different state governments in the India, which is nothing but this layer. Even though the money shared to all the state governments may be the same, few states may have more challenges because of its population. So, they have different level of development. The authors tell that traditionally the finance commissions have dealt with these imbalances in a very good manner. So, the authors propose that the finance commission should continue to be the first pillar of the new fiscal federal structure of India. That is why, this is the importance of the finance commission which the authors put forward. Now, we have discussed about finance commission in our ninth May analysis, just have a look at it. Next, to propose the second pillar, the authors have tried to explain further the horizontal imbalance that we just saw. They tell that this horizontal imbalance has two more types again, type 1 and type 2. Now, of this type 1 imbalances, more about providing adequate basic public goods and services between different states, while type 2 imbalances about transformational capital deficits. We know that India is growing, but at the same time, the infrastructure also needs to grow.  If you get less money in the form of investments than the money which you require to build this infrastructure, then you can call this as transformational capital deficit in simpler terms. So, we can tell one activity is dependent on the other here. So, the authors mention that this type 2 horizontal imbalance is known to be historically condition of path dependent, which means depending on one or other parameters. So, to address these type 1 and type 2 horizontal imbalances, the authors tell that the Timbergen assignment principle should be followed. Now, according to this principle, the policy makers trying to achieve multiple economic targets need to have control over at least one policy tool for each policy target. So, for one goal, you at least need to have one policy tool. Now, to address this type 1 horizontal imbalance, the authors have proposed the Finance Commission, which is the first pillar that we just saw. And to address this type 2 horizontal imbalance, the authors have proposed Nithiyog version 2. So, the authors propose this Nithiyog version 2 as the second pillar of new fiscal federal structure. The authors tell that in the past, the Planning Commission used to give grants to the states as conditional transfers using the Gadgil Mukherjee formula. Now, just remember this formula name. It need not be seen in detail since the Planning Commission has been scrapped by the present government. So, these conditional transfers help the state governments in the past to address their development issues. Now, some can argue that the Finance Ministry is the other alternative to the Planning Commission or to what Planning Commission did in this regard. But the authors tell that the Finance Ministry's primary duty is to focus on the country's macroeconomic stability and the proper functioning of the financial system instead of focusing on the development of the states. Now, this is the reason why the authors are telling that the Finance Commission can address this type 1 horizontal imbalance and Nithiyog version 2 can address this type 2 horizontal imbalance. But we know that Nithiyog is just a think tank of the government and it has no financial powers. So, the authors have suggested that the newer version or the second version of Nithiyog should receive significant resources, say 1 percentage to 2 percentage of the entire GDP to address the type 2 horizontal imbalance. In short, it should be given some financial powers. If Nithiyog will focus on giving the money to the states, it will promote the growth of the states that are lagging and help overcome their historically conditioned infrastructure deficit. Thus, reducing their development imbalance. The authors also add that Nithiyog should be mandated to create an independent evaluation office to manage these grants that they give to the states in the future. Next, the authors propose decentralization to be the third pillar of the new fiscal federal structure. Now, we have three tiers of government, the center, then the state governments and then the local governments. The authors propose to create a consolidated fund for the local government, since the regional imbalances within the states are very higher. And also to honor the local governments such as the Panchayats and the municipalities which enjoy the constitutional status as per the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts respectively. So, the problem of local public finance will be addressed by introducing this consolidated fund for the local bodies. Now, to create a consolidated fund, certain articles in the constitution needs to be amended and they have mentioned some constitutional articles like the article 266 which speaks about the consolidated funds and public accounts of India and also the states. Then your article 268 which speaks about the duties levied by the center but collected and maintained by the states. Then articles 243H and 243X which speaks about the powers to impose taxes by Panchayats and also regarding the funds to the Panchayats and the municipalities respectively. The authors tell that through such constitutional amendments the center and states should contribute an equal proportion of their central GST and state GST collections and send this money to the consolidated fund of the third year that is nothing but the local government. For example, if one six collections of the center GST and state GST shared with the local government then it can generate more than one percentage of the GDP every year. And this one percent GDP will be helpful in financing of public goods by the local bodies. So, this arrangement for decentralization will be the third pillar of fiscal federalism that has been proposed by the authors. Further to strengthen the decentralization efforts the authors proposed that the state finance commissions should be accorded the same status as the finance commission. And next is the three EPS of democratic centralization which the authors tell that the three EPS should be strongly implemented the three EPS are nothing but the funds functions and functionaries. So, all these actions would strengthen India's democratic framework. Next the authors propose a model goods and service tax as the fourth pillar to the new fiscal federal structure. They have welcomed the introduction of GST but commented that the present GST should be modified to make it as a model GST or a flawless GST. They have given some suggestions to improve the GST like it must further be simplified then the coverage needs to be extended to almost all the items that are being traded in India then single GST rates for all the items must be introduced then reforming the integrated goods and services tax that happens between the states and also reforming the evade bills. The authors have also suggested that the GST council should adopt transparency in its working. So, how is it possible means they have proposed to create a new secretariat with independent experts and also independent staffs. So, this will enable GST council to undertake further reforms in a very transparent manner. The authors find this GST the fourth pillar as a strong pillar for holding the other three pillars thus all the four pillars namely the finance commission that we saw then the second version of Neethi Aayu then your third pillar the decentralization efforts and the fourth pillar GST will all help India to create the new fiscal federal structure and thereby strengthening India's unique cooperative federalism. Now we need to know this term what is meant by cooperative federalism we know that federalism means separate governments at center in the state working separately in a very rigid manner like there will not be much interaction with respect to the functions of the functioning of these governments. But cooperative federalism means the center the states and the third tier of government which is the local bodies especially in the Indian context cooperate and work on the common problems. So, this cooperative working model is called the cooperative federalism. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this editorial have a look at the practice question let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the development of antibodies against the chicken guinea disease. The analysis of this article will be relevant in your problems preparation in your current events of national and international importance and next in general science. It will also be relevant in your remains preparation in your general studies paper two under the area issues relating to health and it could also be linked to awareness in the field of biotechnology in your general studies paper three. Now this article talks about antibodies for a better understanding it is better to say it as an anti-toxic body that is it is an agent that works for an effective immune response against a toxin. Antibody will be generated when such a toxin attacks or enters human body. So, we can say that the antibodies are generated when it when this toxin comes therefore this toxin is called as antibody generator. It is this antibody generator which is called as anti-gen. Antibody can also be understood as anti-foreign body at the surface of the harmful foreign body there will be certain proteins. These proteins that are in the surface of the viruses, fungi or bacteria are the antigens. Now when these proteins enter human body they generate antibodies and antibodies will recognize attack and destroy these antigens and protect the human body from infections and diseases. But what if the human body is not able to produce the antibody against a particular virus in normal course the person will be infected by the virus and the virus may be hunted down by the antibodies. Some viruses may even take the life of the person but what if there is a virus for which human body is unable to develop antibody to give immunity response. Therefore the researchers in the field of biotechnology develop some antibodies in the lab and these antibodies will be administered later to the human bodies. Such antibodies develop will safeguard human beings from many dangerous viruses. One such disease is chikungunya. Now know that this chikungunya is a viral disease that is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. So, the mosquitoes are the aides aegypti and aides albopictus mosquitoes. So, they are the main transmitters to human beings. So, this carrier is also called as a vector. Therefore this disease can also be called as a vector born disease because these mosquitoes act as a vector. Now there are two main symptoms of this disease which are joint pain and joint swelling. So, you can observe pain in the joints and also swelling in the joints. Now the world health organization says that this chikungunya disease is rarely fatal that is rarely this virus causes death. The news article states that an antibody against this chikungunya virus has been developed by an Indian institute that is by the Institute of Life Sciences. Now according to the news article there is a no prior antibodies available to combat the chikungunya virus. Now let us see in brief about this institute of life sciences. It was established in the year 1989 as an autonomous institute under the administrative control of the government of Udisha. Later in the year 2002 it was taken over by the department of biotechnology and the government of India. Now this is an autonomous institute of the department of biotechnology which comes under the ministry of science and technology. See there are four antigens in the chikungunya virus and they will be on the surface of the virus. The antigen names are NSP1, NSP2, NSP3 and NSP4. Now we need not remember all these antigen names just know it for knowledge point of view. The Institute of Life Sciences has developed antibodies against all these antigens of the antibodies. Three are called as polychronal antibodies and one is called as the monochronal antibody. Now you remember these terms polychronal antibodies and monochronal antibody. For this NSP2 antigen of the chikungunya virus a monochronal antibody was developed and for other proteins polychronal antibodies were developed. Here mono means one and poly means many. So monochronal antibodies means a developed from a single cell of an antibody and polychronal antibodies are developed from many cells of several antibodies. And biotechnology fraternity states that it is very expensive to develop a monochronal antibody whereas it is relatively cheaper to develop a polychronal antibody. Now the polychronal antibodies attack different areas of the target protein or the target antigen but the monochronal antibody attacks or binds to single specific site of the target protein. So remember the difference between the polychronal and the monochronal antibodies from exam point of view. Now the news article states that the development of these antibodies will help in understanding the viral pathogenesis. In Greek pathos means disease and genesis means the origin of the virus or a disease in this context. So the new development will help us understand the origin and development of the virus and the disease. And this benefit is in addition to the empowerment of immunity against the chicken gunia virus. Now the team leader of this particular research team that has developed the antibodies has been selected for an award called as biotech product process development and commercialization award 2019 which has been given by the department of biotechnology. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This article is about the recent report of Office of International Religious Freedom by United States State Department. The article discussion will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of national and international importance. Then it can also be linked to your main preparation in your general studies paper one under the area Communalism and in your general studies paper two under international relations within which comes under your area bilateral grouping and agreements involving India and affecting Indian interests and also under effects of policies and politics of developed countries on India's interests. Yesterday we have seen in our news analysis about this report of International Religious Freedom which was released by the United States government. We saw the two categories of countries one is the countries of particular concern and the other being the tier two countries. There are two institutional mechanisms in U.S. government working for International Religious Freedom if you see. One report is given by the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom and the other report is given by the Office of International Religious Freedom which is part of the United States Department. The report the news article talks about is the report that is published by the United States Department. The United States Commission recommends certain countries to be designated as countries of particular concern. We have seen this things yesterday. Now the countries of particular concern means those countries that commit systematic ongoing violations of religious freedom. There is yet another list maintained by the U.S. government that is called as tier two countries. Tier two countries are those countries that does not require designation at present as countries of particular concern but these countries require close monitoring because of the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom. Now note that India has been placed as tier two country by the United States Commission for International Religious Freedom for the year 2018. We also saw that several things were highlighted by the United States government that are related to the religious freedom in India. The report highlighted how the rights of religious freedom of Muslim and Christian fraternities affected in our country. Now let us see today's news. Today's news is that the Ministry of External Affairs of India has rejected this report. This is very well expected if you see. Generally there are certain things at the international level which the governments do normally. Rarely exceptions happen if China brings out a report criticizing racial discrimination in USA. The U.S. government will simply reject the report. Similarly if U.S. brings a report highlighting the persecution of Uighur Muslims in China then China will reject the report. Also if Pakistan government is bringing a report criticizing the human rights violations in Kashmir India will reject the report. Also if India brings a report on human rights violations in Balochistan in Pakistan here Pakistan will surely reject the report. So these things happen usually. On 21st May during our analysis we have seen that India has rejected a event report that dealt with violations of human rights in Kashmir and India has also decided to highly reduce the relationship with the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding this matter. So whenever you see such news you notice what justification are given by the country to reject such reports. These points could be helpful in your mains examination to either support it or to take a stand against it. India stated that foreign government has no local standard to pronounce on the rights of our citizens. That is the U.S. government has no right to talk or take the matter of how Indian citizens are enjoying their rights. The spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs has said that India was proud of its secular credentials. The spokesperson added that it is widely acknowledged that India is a vibrant democracy where the constitution provides protection of religious freedom. The preamble to Indian constitution states that India is a secular country also there is liberty of belief, faith and worship. The articles 25 to 28th in part 3 of Indian constitution deals with the right to freedom of religion. The part 3 of the Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights just know it. The democratic governance and the rule of law further to promote and protect the fundamental rights in our country. So a foreign government do not have the right to criticize how Indian citizens are enjoying their religious freedom. Because of these reasons the Ministry of External Affairs has rejected the report that has been published by the United States government on international religious freedom where it also dealt with India. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about Rebus. The analysis of this news article will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of national and international importance and next under general science. The analysis will also be relevant in your mains paper, in your general studies paper 2 under issues relating to health. The news article mentions that in the state of Karnataka the government hospitals are running out of or in shortage of the anti-Rebus vaccine which is in short called as ARV. So the patients are finding it difficult to get the life saving ARV shots. The reason for the shortage is reported to be the poor response to the tenders of ARV which was floated last year. The officials say that the tender was floated or circulated twice last year and no one has participated in the tender. As there was poor response to these tenders the government has asked the heads of the hospitals to procure the vaccine from open market. But the problem is that ARV is also in short supply even in the open market as well. So this is mainly because of the short supply by the manufacturers only. Hence as a result of the shortage the vaccine is not available in the primary health centers and peripheral areas which is pushing most of the patients to rush to the district hospitals. But if you see even there the vaccines are not available. So the patients are now approaching the private hospitals but here the cost of vaccine is very high and in turn the patients are compelled to pay more. So in this context let us see about the rabbi's disease. Now this rabbi's is a zoonotic disease that is a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. And this rabbi's disease is caused by a rabbi's virus. This virus belongs to the Lysovirus genus within the family Rabdoviridae. This rabbi's disease is an acute viral disease that causes fatal encephalomyelitis in all the warm blooded animals including man. So we have seen three terms now acute encephalomyelitis and warm blooded animals. Whenever we say acute it means severe and warm blooded means having a body temperature that stays the same and that does not change with the temperature of the environment. If you see the mammals which includes humans are all warm blooded animals. Then the term encephalomyelitis it means the inflammation of the brain and spinal cord which is caused due to acute viral infection. Now this virus is also found in wild animals and also in some domesticated animals. And this is transmitted to other animals and to humans through their saliva. But the most common host of this rabbi's virus is the domestic dogs. As we saw rabbi's is fatal or the one which causes death. Globally if you see more than 99 percentage of human deaths are caused by dog mediated rabbi's. In India dogs are responsible for about 97 percentage of human rabbi's which is followed by cats which cause about 2 percentage of cases. Then even jackals, mongoose and other animals causes this rabbi's disease. Now human to human transmission of rabbi's through corneal or other organ transplantation is very rare but it is possible. So know that human to human transmission is possible. Such transmission has occurred among the recipients of transplanted corneas and also among recipients of solid organs and vascular tissues in the past. Now how is this virus transmitted from animals to humans? The rabbi's virus invades the nervous system of the mammals such as dogs. Then it is primarily transmitted from the rabbi's animals saliva to humans when it bites or scratches someone. Then the animal licking the wounds or grazed and broken skin or licking the lining of the mouth and nose of humans can also transmit the disease. After entering the human body the rabbi's virus progresses from the innermost layer of the tissue below the human skin or from muscle into the peripheral nerves that is the nerves in the body which are outside the brain or spinal cord. Then this virus migrates along the nerves to the spinal cord and brain. Next the infected person exhibits behavioral changes as a result of this and also some changes in the clinical science when the virus reaches the brain. Now let us see about the symptoms and signs of human rabbi's virus. First is the pain or itching at the side of the bite wound. Then this is followed by fever, malay or discomfort and headache that lasts for about 2 to 4 days. Then they also experience from hydrophobia that is fear of water. Then also there is intolerance to noise, bright light or air. Then the affected individuals also suffer from anger, irritability and depression. So we can see a lot of hyperactivity. Now the world organizations says that at a later stage by just the mere sight of water it may provoke spasms in the neck and throat of the infected individuals. Now the term spasm means a kind of involuntary muscular contraction like in the case of cesius. Rabbi's is endemic on all continents except Antarctica but majority of cases like about 95 percentage of cases are reported in Asia and Africa. Also remember that rabbi's is one of the neglected tropical diseases. Rabbi's predominantly affects poor and vulnerable population who live in remote rural locations. Even though effective human vaccines and immunoglobulins that is the antibodies exist for rabbi's they are not readily available or accessible to those in need. According to World Health Organization globally Rabbi's deaths are rarely reported and children between the ages 5 to 14 years are the frequent victims. We saw that Rabbi's is fatal but Rabbi's is a 100% vaccine preventable disease. The countries which have started on Rabbi's elimination programs have successfully experienced reductions in the Rabbi's cases and these programs have also led to the elimination of Rabbi's. The elimination programs often revolve around mass dog vaccination campaigns and in this campaigns at least 70 percentage of the dog population should be covered so that the cycle of transmission in dogs to humans is broken. If a person is bitten by an animal the wounds should be washed and flushed immediately with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes and if soap is not available just flushing with water only is fine and now both these recommendations are given by the World Health Organization and now according to this World Health Organization this method is the most effective first aid treatment against Rabbi's. In addition to this the development of Rabbi's can be prevented to a large extent if animal bites are managed appropriately and in time. In this regard the prime importance is given to post-exposure prophylaxis or treatment of animal bite cases. Now this post-exposure prophylaxis in short PEP is the intermediate treatment of a bite victim after Rabbi's exposure. Now this PEP prevents virus entry into the central nervous system of humans otherwise it will result in immediate death. This PEP consists of the extensive washing and local treatment of the wound as soon as possible after exposure. Then a course of potent and effective Rabbi's vaccine that meets World Health Organization standards should be administered and finally the administration of Rabbi's immunoglobulin which is in short called as RIG if it is suggested by the doctor. Now let us know about this Rabbi's immunoglobulin. It is a kind of passive immunity which is available in the form of ready made anti-Rabbi's antibodies. Now during our second topic discussion we saw what is meant by an antibody so that will be helpful to know what is meant by an antibody. Now this Rabbi's immunoglobulin helps the victim before it is physiologically possible for the victim to begin producing his or her own antibodies. The Rabbi's immunoglobulin has a property of binding with the Rabbi's virus and this binding results in the neutralization of the virus and loss of infectivity of the virus. This is important because effective treatment soon after the exposure to Rabbi's can prevent the onset of symptoms and death. Now in India we have a national Rabbi's control program. This program was approved under the 12th fire plan. Now this program has both human and animal health components we shall focus now on the human health component. This human health component is being implemented throughout the country. This includes training of health professionals next the strengthening of surveillance of human Rabbi's etc. This national center for disease control is the nodal center for the implementation of this national Rabbi's control program. The focus of human health component is on providing timely and appropriate animal bite management to all the animal bite victims. Since today's article is based on anti-rabbi's vaccine let us see some kinds of vaccines that are available in India. If you see they are available in different brand names like Indira, Rabbi Pur, Rabbi Vax, Vaxirab, Abherab, Verorab etc. So you cannot remember all these names because it is very difficult but you can identify these vaccines very easily because if you see they either end or start with Rabbi or Rab. Now have a look at the practice prelims question. Let us move on to the next news article. The final news article is about the Ranganathittu bird sanctuary which is located in the state of Karnataka. The analysis of this article will be helpful in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and under general issues on environmental ecology and biodiversity. Now let us see about Ranganathittu bird sanctuary. This Ranganathittu bird sanctuary is situated in Srirangapatna which is in the Mandya district in Karnataka state. Now this particular sanctuary has six islands and six islets in the Kaveri river. The islets are the main breeding ground for variety of local birds and migratory birds if you see. It is said that over 200 species of migratory and also Indian native birds arrive here every year for nesting and breeding and it has also been stated that Dr. Salim Ali has carried the bird survey in these places as a part of this survey. Dr. Salim Ali had been a famous ornithologist in India and ornithologist are those who study about birds. Now islets are those islands that are very small having little or no vegetation and islets cannot support living for human beings. The islets of this Ranganathittu bird sanctuary are surrounded by water of a reservoir. This reservoir was formed by the construction of a veyer across river Kaveri. Now you need to know what is meant by a veyer? A veyer is a structure that is built across a river to raise the upstream water level and also to regulate the river water flow. Now this veyer was built when Kanthiravan Arasaraja Vodayar was the ruler of the Estwell Mysuru state during the period 1645 and 1648 AD. The turbulence in the river has led to the submergence and erosion in islands and this has severely disturbed the birds last year during the rainy season particularly in the last two weeks of July. In the upstream location of this bird sanctuary one can find the Krishnaraja Sagar reservoir. The heavy release of water from this dam is also a reason for the massive damage in the bird sanctuary. As a result of the heavy water release several trees were uprooted and many bird nests were just washed away. Now trees are very important part of habitat for the birds and if the tree population becomes less than the diversity and the population of the birds in the region will also decrease. Some steps are being taken to increase the tree count and also to prevent soil erosion during increased water flow and river Kaveri. Then soil stabilization measures have worked out and the state forest department is planned to widen the islands and strengthen the boundaries of islands with boulders. These measures will work against erosion during the increased water flow in the river. In addition to improving the thickness of the islands by dumping mud the forest department has taken efforts to keep the mud-filled bags as a protective layer for the islands and islands. Now these are some of the preventive steps that have been taken by the state forest department for island reclamation. To increase the number of trees planned of different species will be planted. Know that birds are the excellent indicators of health of an ecosystem and bird life international designates certain bird areas as important bird and biodiversity area. Now this designation is based on international significance of that particular area for the conservation of birds. Now know that there are four types of designation given by the bird life international as important bird and biodiversity area. The first one is A1. A1 corresponds to globally threatened species. That is if a site is designated as A1 important bird area then it means that the site has significant numbers of a globally threatened species. Then A2. A2 corresponds to restricted range species. This means that the site will have many number of birds that are endemic to a particular area. Next you have the A3 designation this corresponds to biome restricted species. This means that the site has a significant component of the group of species whose distributions are almost confined to one biome. And finally A4 designation this corresponds to congregations. This means that the site has congregations of one percent or more than one percent of the global population of one or more species on a regular basis. Now if you know that this Ranganathitu wildlife sanctuary is one of the important bird and biodiversity area that comes under this A1 and A4 designation. Let us now move on to the practice question discussion session. The first question is regarding antigen antibody. They have given two statements and have asked you to choose the correct answer. Now we have seen in our analysis that antibody can be understood as anti-foreign body. That is it is a protein that is working against the foreign substance. They have given the explanation of antibody for antigen. So the first statement is wrong here. Next we saw that antigens are the proteins that are found in the surface of incoming bacteria or virus or fungi. Here they have given the explanation of antigen for antibody. So both the explanations have been interchanged. So the second statement is also wrong. Now the question is asked for the correct statement. So the correct answer for this question is option D neither 1 nor 2. Moving on to the next question with reference to constitution of India consider the following statements. They have given three statements. Now let us see the first statement. The preamble of Indian constitution states the following. We the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic. So it does have the term secular. The term secular was introduced into the preamble of Indian constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. Before the amendment it was just sovereign democratic republic. So the words socialist and secular were added after this 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act. So the first statement here is incorrect. Now moving on to the second statement we have seen in our discussion that the preamble talks about the liberty of belief, faith and worship. The exact line for liberty in preamble is liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. So the second statement is correct. The third statement it states the articles 25 to 28 are dealing with the right to freedom of religion. Are they enforceable or not? If you take the Indian constitution the directive principles of state policy which are given in part 4 of constitution are not enforceable. That is one cannot go to court and claim that the provisions in the directive principles of state policy is a matter of right and the state should implement its duty under this directive principles of state policy. This is because these are not enforceable. They are just a direction for the government to take into consideration for policy making. But if you see the fundamental rights are enforceable. So always keep this in mind, fundamental rights are enforceable. If a person feels that he could not enjoy her or his fundamental right, the person has right to constitutional remedy. The aggrieved person can directly go to the supreme court and the court will pass appropriate orders for the enjoyment of fundamental rights because fundamental rights are enforceable. These articles 25 to 28 is a part of fundamental rights and they are enforceable. Therefore, the third statement is wrong. So here the correct answer is option D2 only. Moving on to the next question, consider the following statements with reference to rabies. They have given three statements. Here the first statement is correct because it is a viral zoonotic disease which means it transfers from animals to humans. And they are told in the second statement that human to human transmission is possible. The second statement is also correct because we saw during our analysis that human to human transmission is possible through transplantation of cornea and vascular tissues. Now let us come to the third statement. We know that the rabies is transmitted by domestic dogs in 99 percentage of the reported cases worldwide. In India, if you see 97 percentage of the cases are transmitted by dogs and 2 percentage of the reported cases are transmitted by cats. We can find rabies being transmitted even by bats, mongos and even some other mammals. So the third statement given is incorrect because it has just given that rabies is transmitted only by so the question is asked for the correct statements. The correct answer is option D1 and 2 only. Moving on to the main question, India's fiscal federalism needs to be revisited and redesigned in the current scenario critically analyzed. This question is about fiscal federalism. Mention what is meant by fiscal federalism then mention the challenges that the states face with respect to horizontal imbalance that we have analyzed in our editorial. Then you can give suggestions to address the challenges like to give financial powers to Niti Ayo then moving towards a more decentralized common structure and then improving the GST region etc. Now we can also add on any other relevant suggestions if you have studied any other news articles as well. The question asks you to critically analyze so you can even have any points of appreciation like the current finance commission and like introduction of GST. If you have such points of appreciation you can definitely mention them in the answer. But this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and the practice question discussion session. Do like comment and share the video and do subscribe to Shankar IS Academy channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


Hey, 92% of interest agents fail. Most of you won't make it. If you want to be sure that you make it, and that you know how much money you can make, then keep watching this, all right? My name's Cody Askins. I started the insurance business about a decade ago. When I was 19, I was an intern. I became a full-time insurance agent while I was in college, taking 21 credit hours a semester. I was playing basketball as a college athlete. Tournaments, games, weekends, weeknights, practices every day. And I made a decision to earn $100,000 for my first year, and using our six-figure sales system and some of the stuff that I'm gonna share with you briefly and shortly, I was able to earn $117,361 and you can't forget the 13 cents in my first eight months as an insurance agent. So how much money can you make? I'm gonna share with you right now how much money a new insurance agent can make, okay? So stay with me, all right? So I wanna talk through some of the numbers behind this because I'm a numbers guy, okay? 92% fell within three years, okay? Awful statistic, we created 8% Nation because of that.  Every single year we're going to Vegas, okay? This next year. How much money can you make, though, as an agent? And you're wondering that, okay? I said that I made $117,361.13 in my first eight months as a brand new insurance agent, couldn't spell insurance, didn't know how to sell, wasn't confident in my ability, no product knowledge, et cetera, right? And that may be you sitting there right now and you're thinking, okay, how much money can I make? I'm gonna walk you through number one, the average, okay? Because I always wanna know what is average just so I don't freaking do that, right?  You wanna be average? I bet you don't wanna be average either, okay? So the average insurance agent makes about $50,000 per year. Some states, some areas, some different product types. It's higher, some it's lower, okay? About 50K, that sucks, right? That's horrible. But I was trained a long time ago to not say the word but because it's kind of like an eraser word, but I won't keep using it anyway, okay? There are more millionaires in this industry, insurance and financial services than in the other industry in the world and you say, well, Cody, how much money can I make? Well, I know you wanna make more than the average so I'm gonna show you what you can expect to make your first year. If you follow the six figure sales formula which I'm assuming that you're gonna follow, correct, you're committing now, you're gonna follow what we share with you, okay? So let's look at the six figure sales system. That's a book I'm working on right now, six figure sales system. And I believe that every insurance agent, this is a triple S weekly system. I believe that every insurance agent should set 15 appointments per week. They should sit and ask 10 people to buy every single week and that they should actually physically sell at least five policies, applications every single week. And if you do the math, and let's just say, for example, let's just say you're selling life insurance, okay?  Let's just say that you average, when you sell life insurance policy, you should average at least $700 of annual premium per sale. That's the premium the client pays over an entire year, okay? At 50% commission, that is $350 in commission, okay? Let's just say that you sell five of those every single week, okay? You can do the math pretty quick. That if you do five of those, selling life insurance, you're at $1,750 per week, okay? So take that times 50, okay? And you're at about 80 to 90K right off the bat selling life insurance. Now, let's just say that you're selling, let's just say that you're selling health insurance, okay? Or Medicare. And let's just say that every time you sell policy, you make $200, okay? Just for easy math sakes, for an example, you can change the numbers for your own example, okay? Let's just say you make $200 commission every time you sell a policy. But let's just say that maybe it's residual and maybe you get paid the same amount the second year you did the first year, okay? And let's just say that you sell five policies per week, okay? That's $1,000 per week. That is 50K per year. But if you make the same amount the first year, the second year and the third year because it's residual income, then all you have to do is do this three years in a row and guess what? Here's your first year, here's your second year, 100K because you can double it. That's if you don't lose any clients and you'll probably lose 10%, okay? Third year, you're up to $150,000, okay? Now, let's say you're selling home and auto, okay? And let's just say that the average customer you're typically gonna make about, I would say it's closer to this, but let's just say for easy math's sake, because I personally believe that every home and auto insurance agent should be selling 20 policies, policies, not households, every single month, okay? Let's say you average, let's say you average up 100 bucks, okay, that's two grand. Let's just say that you get it again the next year. That's four grand, right? It takes time, I'm just, for example, it takes time to build a property and casualty business, home and auto business. The key is to this is how much money can I make? Well, these are early numbers. These are specific examples. The average is this, I believe, and I've got another video previously that talks about how I believe you can make a million dollars a year selling insurance. If there's more million interest in the world, then why not, okay? When I was a new agent, I focused on getting in front of people every single week. The secret to you making money early, often and consistently, and keeping this thing sexy, is by following this. The whole key to this is, you need a prospecting system. The only reason that insurance agents, that this happens, that 92% fell, and the reason the average is this, and the reason that most people fell, and you maybe will too, hopefully not after watching this video, the only reason why, the number one reason why insurance agents fell, the number one thing they struggle with, number one thing you probably struggle with is what? It's getting in front of people. That's the toughest part of this business. Nobody ever does this. Nobody ever does this. Nobody ever does this. Because if you don't start with this, you can't get this. If you don't get this, you can't get this, right? You can't sit with three people a week, two people a week, like most of you are right now and expect to sell five policies every single week. It ain't gonna happen. Okay, number one reason people fell is they struggle with a prospecting system, getting in front of people. That's why I have a six figure sales system that teaches you every step of the way. I believe, I believe, okay? For this, I believe you should be working your warm market. I believe that you should be working about 20 to 30 leads per week. Okay, and I believe that you should have a third activity. Maybe it's door knocking, maybe it's something else that you can go out and specifically go make money right now. Now the question was, how much money can I make? There is no specific answer. You can make as much money as you would like to make. You set the target, okay? Because the whole trick to this is, okay, if there even is one, is if we put it into steps, okay? If you wanted to leave with specific steps from this video, all right? And I'm running out of whiteboard, as you can see, because I get a little crazy, all right? Number one, you need a target. My first year, I said a target. I said, I will make $100,000 my first year. I committed, I wrote it down. I told everyone, I made it public and if I didn't do it, I was gonna be embarrassed, right? You need a target and everyone needs to know. You need about a publicly hold yourself accountable, okay? Step one, you need a target. Step two, you have to know your numbers so that you can actually go and hit step one. Funny how that works and then step three, you have to actually go execute on those numbers. Most insurance agents, they struggle with this because they don't spend enough money, okay? We have five different companies here, maybe a sixth pretty soon. We will spend $5 million a year on a personation, agency, security agent leads, security agent marketing, Kodiaskans and brand, all those things. We'll spend $5 million a year operating this thing. When I spend more money, I make more money. Maybe you should start spending more money. So when we say how much money can you make, I want you to make a lot of money. I want you to be successful. I promise you it's possible. I believe in you. I want to motivate you.  So when you make 100K, I want you to think back on this video. When you make a quarter million dollars, half a million dollars, a million bucks, 10 million dollars, whatever it is, the answer is you can make as much money as you would like, but you got to believe in yourself, you got to have a system and you got to go execute. Hey, if you love this video, there's one video you absolutely have to watch. It's how to make $10,000 weekly and it's right there. Go click on it and I'll see you there. Let's do the math. So if you want to think through 10K, all right? So the goal is $10,000, okay? If you divide that by an average premium,


My son Mitch is part of the system and he has never been luckier ever in the many places we have lived. He works for Big Top Deli and they've been wonderful and Independence Association helped connect that and put it together. He's worked there for five or six years. Independence Association does a lot for us. He helped me get an apartment. I have staff people that come over to help you out with money and finances. It means to me I get to meet people like Mike here and I get to be his advocate at the state when the state doesn't always make the best of decisions. I'm there for people like Mike. What do you think Mike? Yeah, it's good. Yeah, do you like independence? Yes, I do. God bless you people for helping people who really can't help themselves. Over periods of time the people that you do help actually help themselves. That's wonderful effort on your part. God bless you and thank God for IA. I work at Spindyworks. I work there. I do a lot of art and try to come do it with Aaron Drew. He's staff at Spindyworks. He comes to see us. We do a lot. We come with a few tips. Anything that we talk and see. Yeah, I would like it today. It's my friend Bob. We've been friends a long time and for us it means togetherness, friendship. I had more opportunities to do things. Freedom I guess. To me it means helping people to achieve things in their lives that we all take for granted. Sometimes it's really tiny baby steps and sometimes it's huge accomplishments and I'm proud to be part of that. People help me with my issues to problems. They go on field trips. We work and get paid and bonuses and that's what I like about Independence Association and hanging out with your friends. 100% of my United Way dollars go towards the Independence Association. The work that they do to help their consumers live a productive life and in the community is truly amazing. From their works at Spindyworks to all these fun runs like this, it truly is an amazing and inspiring association.


Normal regression analysis can be used to estimate models with multi-level data. While normal regression analysis is not always the idea technique for doing so, there are a couple of simple strategies that can be applied to estimate models with such data. These techniques provide a starting point for understanding more complex analysis techniques. Let's take a look at how OLS regression can be applied to estimate the within effect for multi-level data. Our example data is these 15 companies observed over 10 years that we have looked at in a previous video. We can see that the within effect and the between effect are not the same. These companies that are invested only a little in R&D are less profitable than these companies that are investing heavily in R&D. Nevertheless, the within effect in a company is negative. When a company increases their R&D investment such as this company here, then profitability will go down. The between effect is positive and the within effect is negative. We want to understand how to estimate the within effect from this data. We want to take these two effects apart and estimate the within effect. The within effect would be important for example for informed policy on a firm level. Should a firm increase or decrease their R&D investments if they care about their profitability? That is a question that the within effect would answer in this case. We could of course estimate the separate regression model for each company. We have 15 companies that split the data to 15 sub-samples and run a regression analysis on each company, which are done here and so the lines graphically. The problem is that then we only have 10 observations for each company, which is a very small number, and also we get 15 different regression coefficients. Typically, we just want to report one. How do we get the within effect? There are two very easy strategies for doing so. The first strategy is to use dummy variables. The idea of a dummy variable is that if we have 15 companies, then we create 15 variables, and those variables indicate which company that observation is for. We have originally the variable firm, which receives 15 different values, and then we create 15 new variables from one to from 15, and the first firm one variable receives a value of one for the first firm, and value of zero for the other firms. The second dummy variable receives the value of one for the second case and zero otherwise. So these dummy variables indicate to which firm that observation belongs to. A dummy variable is defined in a way that just one variable at a time for an observation receives one, and all the others are zeros here. This indicates that this observation belongs to firm one and not any other firms, so all these are zeros. How do we apply this in a regression analysis and what's the outcome? When we add all the dummies in a regression model, then typically your regression software will drop one from the model. So here, firm one has been omitted. The reason is that the dummy variables, if you add all of those dummies in the model, they will be perfectly collinear with the intercept. So in practice, we omit typically the first dummy, so we only have firm two to firm 14 dummies, and then firm one is a reference category. In this case, there are profitability of firm one when R&D zero is given by the intercept, and then firm two dummy gives the average difference between firm one and firm two when R&D investments are held constant. So these dummies don't indicate any absolute levels, but they indicate the difference between the focal firm, firm two, for example, with the reference category, firm one. Quite often, we wouldn't interpret these dummies because there are quite a few of them, and typically we are not interested in specific cases. We are interested in how the regression line goes, controlling for the fact that we have our data from multiple different companies. So this is the first strategy. We estimate the dummy variable, so we basically allow each company to have a specific intercept that is estimated from the data, and then these companies have regression lines with the same slope. So each company basically receives the same regression line except that the intercept can be different. So that is one easy strategy. We model the differences between these companies. The second strategy is within firm centering, and in this strategy, we don't model the constant differences or stable differences between companies. Instead, we eliminate the differences between the firms or companies before the actual regression analysis. So what we do is that we take the R&D, the explanatory variable and profitability, the dependent variable, and we calculate the cluster mean of both of these variables. So we have R&DM, which stands for R&D mean, and we calculate the mean R&D for the first company. It's 18 percent. Then we calculate the mean R&D for the second company, and it's 6.4 percent and so on. Then we do the same. We center the R&D by subtracting the cluster mean from the original value. This centered R&D, R&D period C, is how much that observation differs from the mean value of the company. So all these R&D Cs sum zero within a company. We do the same for the profitability. So we have the mean profitability and then the mean centered profitability. And this eliminates any systematic differences between companies because after the within firm centering, all variables have means of zeros within a firm. So the within firm differences disappear from the data. Then we run a regression analysis, and we just use the mean centered dependent variable, the mean centered independent variable, and we get the same regression estimate as before, which is the within effect. So the regression analysis where all between effects and all contextual effects have been eliminated from the data, what remains is the within effect, which is estimated. Let's compare the three models. First we have a model that ignores clustering. We just run a normal regression analysis of profitability on R&D. Then we have the dummy variable model, and then we have the within firm centering model. You can see that the coefficients here for the dummy variable model and for the centering model are the same. So it's minus 0.418, and this is the within effect. So both of these techniques produce the exact same estimate, and that is the estimate of the within effect. Then if we ignore clustering, we get the population average effect. So the population average effect just gives us an ignoring clustering, and it's very difficult to give any causal interpretations to that effect. The within effect has a causal interpretation in how much can we expect the profitability of one firm to increase if that firm increases the R&D investments by one unit. But there are some interesting features when we compare the dummy variable model, the within firm, and particularly the within firm centering model. The first is that the R-square values are quite different. So for the first model it's 31%. The second model is 70%, and the third model is 20%. So why is that such a large difference? Well this R-square here is kind of like it quantifies how much the within effect and between effect together explain the data in sort of a way. It doesn't really quantify that precisely because if the within effect and between effect are not the same, then estimating two different effects will give you a higher R-square. But it's roughly, so how much R&D generally explains profitability. Then we have the 70% variation here in the dummy variables. So what is this 70% R-square? And it quantifies how much the unobserved heterogeneity term, how much the contextual effect and how much the within effect together explain the data. So if we eliminate all those three sources of variation in the data, there is still 30% of the variation that is unexplained. Then the within firm centering gives us 20% R-square, and this is roughly how much R&D explains the within firm variation. So if we want to understand how much R&D investment is the variation of an individual company's performance, then this R-square of 20% would answer that question. So which one should you report? It's something that you should really understand why these are different, but if you don't know which one you should report, typically this within firm centering R-square is something that is most useful because it has a clear interpretation of R-square of a particular effect. How much R&D influences variation of company performance within that firm, whereas dummy variable and ignore clustering R-squares combine explanation on at least two different levels. Then there's another interesting feature. It's that while these estimates from the dummy variable model and within firm centering are exactly the same, the standard errors are not the same. So what does that mean? Standard error quantifies how much we expect the coefficient to vary if we repeat the same analysis over and over from repeated samples of the same population. The dummy variable model and the within centering model have been proven to produce the same result. So the real variation from one sample to another should be exactly or is exactly the same. So how come standard errors are different? And if the variation of this dummy variable coefficient and this within firm coefficient is actually the same, then one of these standard errors must be incorrect because they quantify both the same variation in the hypothetical scenario of repeated analysis. It turns out that this within firm centering standard error is actually biased and inconsistent. So this underestimates the variability of the regression coefficient. The reason is that when we within firm centre we also take out some variation of the error term and the variation of the error term is used to estimate the standard error. So the within firm centering strategy should actually never be applied in practice to the dependent variable because the standard errors will be inconsistent. If you do so, you have to apply a correction. There are analysis techniques such as generalized least squares that do this kind of centering but those techniques also apply the correction to the standard errors. So if you want to centre the dependent variable you should always do so by using one of the canned procedures of your statistical software. So these are two simple strategies well there is a third simple strategy run a separate regression analysis for each company but then that run is the problem that you have a large number of models and with very small sample sizes each and how would you aggregate the results for interpretation. So this is typically not something that people would consider. The dummy variable regression is actually a useful technique if you have a small number of cases the problem with that is that our score is difficult to interpret and the centering technique is something that you should not use at least you should never centre the dependent variable. So how should you actually model this data? The dummy variable is okay but there are also other techniques. So the more advanced techniques for multi-level modelling and these are actually more commonly used techniques for multi-level data than the normal regression analysis can be categorized based on one assumption. So if you can assume that there are no contextual effects of the variables of interest econometricians say that the random effects assumption holds I have another video about that assumption then you can apply some of these techniques you can apply generalized least squares random effects estimation maximum likelihood estimation of random internet models or you can apply generalized estimation equation technique or you can apply normal regression analysis with cluster robust standard errors if you cannot assume that the contextual effects are zero if you know or you have an idea that they may be non-zero then you can use our generalized least squares 60 effects regression analysis or alternatively you can use any of these analysis techniques and then apply use cluster means of the interesting variables as controls so recall that cluster means were the means of the variables within clusters that you calculate when you do the cluster means entering procedure


As many of you know, there is a massive amount of hype behind Beyond Meat, which is cleverly marketed as what we are led to believe is healthy, plant-based, soy-free, gluten-free. But once you actually look at the ingredients, Beyond Meat is the opposite of healthy. They can only replicate the protein component of the meat. That means they have to replace the fat with cheap seed oils like canola and soybean oil, which have been marketed as healthy to the American public for the past 50 years, yet in reality they are a byproduct of manufacturing processes, pretty much sludge, and are definitely the most dangerous thing we are consuming on a daily basis. Oxidized, rancid, high omega-6 vegetable seed oils. And animal fat is being demonized, yet if animals are raised in proper conditions, grass-fed, pasture-raised, wild-squat fish, animal fat literally has all of the vitamins, minerals, elements, and fatty acids that our body needs. Today, we are going to take a look at the Beyond Burger patties in their raw state, in their cooked state, and then as camouflaged as a burger. So we are going to have a pretty objective opinion of what this looks like. But let's take a quick look at the package first. And what really scared the hell out of me, used by 19 of March 2020, a one-year shelf-life. And how long does meat normally last? This is completely ridiculous. Ingredients, water, pea protein isolate, Expeller Press canola oil, refined coconut oil, and then 2% or less of the following, cellulose from bamboo, methyl cellulose, potato starch, natural flavor, maltodextrin, yeast extract, salt, sunflower oil, about 15 other ingredients, basically a bunch of chemicals to flavor and color this food. But the primary components of this are also chemicals, pea protein isolate, Expeller Press canola oil, refined coconut oil. That one natural food exists in this product. The price isn't much cheaper than beef, and on paper, the macronutrient ratio, it doesn't really look too good. I don't understand why they say this is perishable on the package, and I also don't understand why they have what appears to be like a drawing of a cow on the package. But hey, non-GMO project verified, whatever that counts for. So let's take a look at the burgers, smell them, taste them, and see what Frankie Boy thinks. First we are going to take a look at the burgers in their raw and unaltered state. Here of course is the beyond burger patty, and this is some regular grain fed beef from Whole Foods. Oh, smells like hexane. Clawine is a solvent, and yeah, chemicals like hexane, like bleach chlorine, not good. And that just smells like regular raw beef. This is like leaking oil, like you guys could see this is like leaking the canola oil out of or whatever oil, the coconut oil out of the patty.  This is so disgusting, it's very clear that in the raw state, and this happens with grain fed versus grass fed beef too.  So raw food in its natural unaltered state is usually a good metric for whether it's something we should be putting in our bodies. Just the fact that I'm putting this stuff in my mouth, you guys could at least like the video. I don't even want to touch this with my hands, let alone put it in my mouth.   It's so disgusting. That is not something anyone should be putting in their body, and if you smell that or taste that and you eat it, it shows what's wrong with Americans today. And how much we've been misled, and I mean this is just ground beef, you know, I've had this a million times. I don't really like grain fed ground beef, tastes like, tastes a bit off to me, but nothing like the plant-based burger patty. They actually ground this up a bit too much, so it's kind of pasty, but it's just very plain, very mild raw beef. Okay, so we'll feed that patty to some type of demon and I'll save the burger for my family. Moving on, we have the burgers that were pan seared in avocado oil with salt and pepper. So I tried to replicate restaurant cooking technique and do a really nice job here, but we're just going to taste the patties on their own first. I cooked both of them to like a medium. Okay, that's actually scary how much the taste changes. It's very clear that this plant-based burger has been engineered to be cooked, although it still doesn't really taste that good. It's 10 times better than its raw state, and I'm not to believe it's going to be pretty passable when we put it on this burger bun. Let's have a little bite of the cooked burger, medium temperature, nice crust on the outside as well. That's pretty good, yeah. Again, I'm not a fan of the grain fed ground beef, but it's pretty good. For the burger, I bought some potato buns. I toasted them with a little bit of olive oil and salt in a pan. So I'm just going to take the bottom of the bun, put the burger on for each one. We're going to take some just American cheese on top, put a little bit of Heinz ketchup on the top bun. Now I'm going to boil this in the oven for a few minutes just to melt the cheese. All right, boys and girls, I don't think I've tasted a cheese burger in like 15 years, but let's give it a shot. This doesn't look bad, so this is the Beyond Burger, and we're going to give it a shot. It's a lot of bread, way too much bread.  I think you have multiple components here making this a hyper palatable food. You have the crust that we got on the burger bun with the olive oil and salt. You have the sweetness of the ketchup, the umami flavors of the cheese, and the creaminess of the cheese, and then the mired reaction on the burger patty. I mean, it's not bad. I really wish I made this without ketchup. I think it would have been very, very different. I don't think it would have covered up the flavor nearly as much. On a number scale, I think I'd give that burger a 6.5 out of 10, and I really think the ketchup just covers up the negative flavors of the patty, but let's try the real burger. You actually taste the meat. In that plant-based patty, I was really just tasting ketchup and cheese and bread. I can really see how they're getting away with selling this burger. That grain-fed hamburger was a little bit overcooked. I would probably give it a 7.25 out of 10. If the meat was higher quality and it was cooked properly, it would probably get an 8 out of 10. But the taste between that Beyond burger and the regular burger, once you factor in the cheese, the ketchup, the bun, it actually camouflages it pretty well. I see where people are coming from when they're okay with consuming these foods, however, it makes a lot of sense that people would still be craving meat or want to eat meat, as these plant-based burger patties do not contain the vitamins, the nutrients that meat has itself. I actually made a burger a couple of months ago with really high-quality meat, raw cheese, super high-quality wheat flour, and it was delicious. It was 10 out of 10, way better than anything I tasted today, so it really says something about the quality of the ingredients and what you put into the dish. If you make quality burger buns, put them in raw butter, put some raw butter on the burger buns, raw cheese, high-quality grass-fed beef, that is a world of a difference compared to eating something like this. But if you're going to compare Beyond burger patties to shitty, overcooked, grain-fed beef, it's a bit closer of a comparison than you would think from an enjoyable perspective. But if you're actually comparing the flavor of the patty itself, yeah, it's painfully obvious which burger has beef in it. It's just the beef burger doesn't actually taste that much better than the regular plant-based burger. So support high-quality animal products. I think there's something to be said about what we're doing to our animals now if the grain-fed meat in the supermarket is comparable to this Beyond meat crap. So thank you guys for joining me today. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon, and share the video if you can. If you guys would like to support me further, definitely check out frankiesfreerangemeat.com. We provide high-quality, nutrient-dense animal foods at the most affordable price online, such as organ meats, fat. We've recently added Wagyu beef. So definitely check that out, guys. Great price. Thanks again for joining me, and enjoy the rest of your week.


So I'm sitting here and just chilling, it is a beautiful place, it is like a pond thing, X to me, it's cool, huge, huge thing, I even know what it is, fountain, beautiful trees, police, a lot more can you ask. And you know the cool thing is, I'm making money while I'm doing this, like literally just had a sale, I think it was like $37, 10 minutes ago, while I'm sitting here chilling, reading, reading, listening, you know, doing stuff. Who said you can do that? Like who said you need like a huge business or you need like some crazy big operation going. Dude, you just build it and make it happen. I know I'm saying it a bit more simplistically than what it is, but it's not that complicated.  Now the three things you want to do is you want to create a system and get as much traffic to it as possible. You then want to optimize the conversions as much as possible and then you want to add as many products and steps to kind of increase the lifetime value of every client as much as possible. But you do that, you're going to get sales. And like I told you while I was in Malches in Italy, when you have a funnel, you just keep improving the stats. So I just reached a point where my stats got good enough that with the traffic I'm having, I close one or two sales every day or two. So that's really cool. That's really awesome. There's no reason you shouldn't have that for yourself too. Let me know in the comments or just click on my domain home page to tell me if you want to. You can do it. It's really simple. I want to help you. Let me help you. So go do that. We'll talk soon.


Live from San Diego, California, it's theCUBE. Covering KubeCon and CloudNativeCon. Brought to you by Red Hat, the CloudNative Computing Foundation and its ecosystem partners. Welcome back, this is theCUBE's coverage of KubeCon, CloudNativeCon, here in San Diego. I am Stu Miniman, he is Justin Warren, and our guest for this segment, a CUBE alumni, Vijay Pandey, who's the vice president and CTO of Cloud, inside Cisco, also on the keynote stage this morning. Thanks so much for joining us again. Welcome, and pleasure to be here. All right, so we got to see the sequel on stage. Network, please evolve, part two. There were magnets involved, there were some XKCD key humor in there, which definitely this audience appreciates it. But part two, come on, the networking industry is known for its lightning fast changes. Oh, maybe I'm thinking of this ecosystem, but give our audience a little bit of a taste of, you know, the premise of what you were talking about this morning. Absolutely, I think, so back in Barcelona, I talked about how networking needed to evolve for a CloudNative environment. And the whole idea behind that talk was, we've gone from physical infrastructure, which we call Infra 1.0, to virtual, which is Infra 2.0. And in that transition, really nothing much changed, except taking everything that was physical, or even in the application space, taking monolithic apps and just wrapping everything up in a VM. And that was okay because you got a few things around agility, you got disaster recovery, you got a few aspects that you would like, but largely things were monolithic, largely, especially on the networking side, things were still being touted as routers or V routers, switches or V switches. You're still using BGP and so on and so forth. Now, when you're looking at containers and microservices, and I'm not talking about containers which are just lift and shift, but if you're breaking the application down into microservices, or you're using serverless to build your applications, the app is getting thinner and thinner, and much more distributed. And so there's a complete reimagining of the application, there's a re-architecture, and because of that, the operational architecture is changing because you can't just have a database admin. The database is now 500 components, so you need your SRE organizations, your DevOps organizations to be aligned to that. You also, and therefore your organization changes because you're following this architecture paradigm shift. So when that happens, how can the infrastructure remain the same? So you cannot use the concepts that you've used for physical and virtual networking which are aggregate statistical networks to solve an application networking problem. So one of the big challenges there is, enterprises especially, they've got a lot of applications. When you talk about how many of them are modern apps, it's a very small segment. We talk about, oh, 20% of apps in the cloud? Well, how many apps have been modernized? It's a smaller piece than that. And we need to have the bridge to the customer in all of the places that they are and are going, and cloud is not a destination, it's an operational model. So how do I span all of the environments, embrace them and still keep everything's moving forward to drive the business? That's a good question. So I think if you look at, so to your point, there is a small percentage of apps that are cloud native today. I don't think it's as small as 20%. I think it's closer to around 40. But we may differ on that number. What we are seeing is that that number is only growing. So that's a trend to watch out for. And the other trend to watch out for is, is not just the mobile front end or the dashboard that's becoming cloud native, which was the case a couple of years ago. You're seeing databases, you're seeing middleware, you're seeing data processing pipelines, things that are critical to a business. Those are the apps that are getting modernized and becoming cloud native. So that's one aspect. The other aspect is you might have a function that remains legacy, so to speak, and get replaced by a cloud native app that does the same thing. So you might not rewrite it, but you might replace it. So that's happening quite a bit. And so, but to your question, how do you connect all of these things together? Cloud native is a philosophy. It's a way of operating your infrastructure. It's a way of building in redundancy, a way of building in velocity. So that philosophy needs to percolate not just the new cloud native apps, but you need to uplift the old infrastructure and let them become cloud native as well. So things that we're doing with NSM and things that we're doing with deterioration and our dynamic and a whole bunch of efforts within Cisco are geared towards uplifting the older gear or older infrastructure and older applications to a cloud native operational paradigm. Yeah, as Stu mentioned, part of that requires changing the way human behavior works, changing the way you operate a lot of this infrastructure. So it's not just about purchasing a particular tool, it's about actually using different tools in completely new and different ways. So what are some of the ways that Cisco is changing the kinds of products that it offers to customers that encourages them to operate their infrastructure in a new way? So let me start with the networking piece and since it's fresh and new from the keynote today, one of the things if you think about, again, the developers and how they deal with applications. They want the network to be simple, available and pervasive. And so if you think about this in a couple of tiers, so there is a physical infrastructure that sits below everything that is again pervasive across a multi-cloud environment and goes all the way from your handset to the data center, including the edge compute locations, it connects everything together. So taking a network like that and simplifying it in terms of automation, in terms of how DevOps can handle that networking subsystem, in terms of how do you ensure that policy is consistent across this common environment. That is something that Cisco is pushing pretty deeply. So we have this multi-domain architecture that allows you to push policy across the entire network, handset to the data center, through the van. So that's one aspect of it. But above this sits a platform layer that is closer to the developer. And this is where things like an SM come in because the developers don't want to deal with the bells and whistles at the physical or the virtual infrastructure layer. They are defining their CRDs. They are defining their, if I am on microservice, I want to talk to another microservice or a bare metal or a serverless function. I just want to connect A to B.  And these are the attributes that I want from that connection. So it's like a virtual wire, like a bus. And these are the attributes to the bus. And that's what we're trying to handle from a cloud native perspective. So that's what you see from the NSM side of things. All right, so we just had Sugu on talking about the VITES database and talking about a cloud native database. And the way he really describes it is, you know, it's baked into Kubernetes even though VITES doesn't have to have Kubernetes. And he said he even had customers that it made it possible for them to be able to have that database from one cloud to another without needing to talk to his team. And it's made things possible. Help us understand how the network service mesh fit into solutions like that.  They've graduated, so congratulations to them. But I think the concept behind that is taking the multicloud aspect of everything that we do to a layer which is higher in the stack. So we've talked about multicloud in terms of networking, in terms of compute, in terms of infrastructure primarily. But looking at a database which is multicloud, looking at storage which is multicloud, I think that's the next layer of evolution in this entire stack. But one of the examples that I talked about in my keynote, very simple, VITES or not VITES, doesn't matter.  And to do that replication, the amount of paying that any organization needs to go through today, is just like programming with magnets going back to my keynote. Where you're dealing with the technical complexities of doing this, you're talking to so many routers and switches, you're talking to firewalls, you're talking to color providers, you're talking to cloud providers, especially every cloud provider has their own compliance and configuration paradigms. So all of that being different, that's just a technical complexity. Within one organization, they're like multitude of teams. Dev, DevOps, NetOps, SecOps, they all need to talk to each other. Even within Cisco, we talk to our Cisco IT guys, just DevOps, it's like 20 teams, it's not one team. So just imagine talking to all of those teams, trying to fix this thing and trying to get just database replication, simple problem like that. And then process complexity. So all of those things exist. And with NSM, all you do is say, just put me on this NSM domain that lets me talk securely to every other database on the same domain, wherever they happen to be, in a different cluster within the same data center or geographically somewhere else in the globe, I really don't care. And NSM basically takes care of that. So that's the simplicity that we're going after. And it's a simplicity that works across layer seven meshes, across simple layer three problems like this, across service provider use cases, across a whole bunch of use cases. Yeah, and just the simple act of moving data around, you would think that we'd managed to solve that problem by now, but it turns out it's hard problem to solve. And being able to connect this myriad of new services together to why we have technologies like service mesh is changing the nature of the way we operate it. And as you say, putting tools in place to automate a lot of the mechanisms that go on so that we as humans don't have to do it anymore because it's just not a tractable problem for the humans to deal with. And I think a lot of organizations are still wrestling with that concept of how they can change the way that they do things so that the humans aren't going to be able to do this. It's not actually a matter of choice. They are going to be going and having, they're going to go and do different things, new and interesting things, but they're going to be at a higher level of abstraction. And I think a lot of people are very concerned by that, that we may not have jobs anymore. So no, no, no, you can't have these jobs. It is just not possible for humans to do them. We need to get you to go and do these other new jobs so that we can get on with solving these business problems. That's a very good point. And I think, so prior to this role, I was at Google and I ran their networking infrastructure for a while. And then I ended up writing their automation and telemetry stack for running that infrastructure. And one of the things that we used to say back there was, if your infrastructure depends on humans to scale out, then there aren't enough humans to hire. Even if you have the dollars to invest, there aren't enough humans to hire to fix that problem in a human-centric way. So one of the things that we are doing at Cisco, for example, is this whole push towards intent-based networking. And to me, that's an evolution from where SDN was to now where IBM is, because SDN had these very specific connotations around it which said software-defined separation of control and data, it gets into this very heated debates about what this is. To me, the answer is actually intent-based networking. We did some of that back at Google as well, which is treat the entire network as a singular entity and operate it in a very declarative fashion. That's what this is. Regardless of whether they're built in a control data separated way or they are traditional BGP networks. So we are pushing IBM in a very big way. And the whole problem statement there is, to your point, humans can't comprehend the complexities that arise. One quick topic where we were sending telemetry data through SNMP. Now we are sending telemetry data which is streaming. And the amount of data that any operator receives is just through the roof. What are you going to do with it? So humans can't deal with that kind of complexity. So putting formal verification, formal models, formal closed-loop automation systems with AI in place, I think that's the only way to go forward, at least on large-scale networks. And on the other side, I think on the application side, like I said, being deep and narrow and being very selfish about the application that you're trying to connect to, simplifies the problem. Because as an app developer, I'm only concerned about this particular app and what it connects to. And that is again, tractable from a human perspective. Yes. Vidroy, thank you so much. I think anyone that's attended this conference can definitely agree with that there is a flood of information that no one person could keep up with. So thank you so much for joining us. We hope that, by the way, your journey of network please evolve that it comes to a successful conclusion in the near future. Absolutely, and that'll happen. Look forward to chatting with you again soon. For Justin Warren, I am Stu Miniman. Stay tuned, we're going to wrap up day two and we have a whole another day tomorrow of our coverage here from KubeCon, CloudNativeCon 2019 in San Diego. Thank you for watching the queue.