Welcome, Madam Secretary, and to all the distinguished guests joining us today for this special conversation devoted to the United States and its policies. This is the final event of the Davos agenda in 2022, and while we have discussed a broad range of topics during the past five days, few subjects are as important as the direction and strengths of the U.S. economy. We serve for, Madam Secretary, we feel fortunate to have you with us today. Madam Secretary, we all know you are one of the most prominent and respected economists of your generation, but I learned and I should remind the audience you are the first person actually to have led the Council of Economic Advisers, the Federal Reserve, and now the Treasury Department. So if anyone is prepared for the task at hand and what a difficult task, it is you, Madam Secretary. We are delighted that you can join us despite your heavy workload, and of course we are looking now very much forward to your remarks. Well, thank you so much, Klaus, for those kind words, and thanks to the World Economic Forum for hosting me. At this time of year, government officials, business executives, and thought leaders normally huddle in a small town in Switzerland to share perspectives on how to address the world's biggest challenges. I hope to join you all in person in Davos in the coming years. In the meantime, though, the virtual nature of these meetings does not diminish the importance of the issues at hand. We've all been living through the COVID-19 pandemic for roughly two years now. Policymakers, businesses large and small, and families alike, have grappled with the uncertainty and unexpected twists of this ruthless pandemic and its associated economic disruption. At the same time, long-standing challenges persist, and some were exacerbated by a pandemic that disproportionately impacted low-wage workers and minorities. We still face growing divergence between rich and poor within and between countries, along with the mounting risk of climate change. Our navigation of these health and economic challenges will be consequential for ending the pandemic, for mitigating climate change, and for ensuring the stability and prosperity of our respective economies and the global economic system. I will focus my remarks on the Biden administration's strategy to sustain our economic recovery and to address long-standing structural issues relating to income inequality, racial disparities, and climate change. Let me start with where I see the U.S. economy right now. By most traditional metrics, the pace of our current recovery has exceeded even the most optimistic expectations. That's due in large part to rapid vaccine deployment and the robust support to families, businesses, and state and local governments provided by the American Rescue Plan. This is the kind of recovery that President Biden set out to deliver when he took office last year. Aggregate growth has been rapid and continued, with our real GDP expected to grow at 5.3 percent in 2021. The most recent blue-chip forecast put 2022 growth at 3.3 percent, noting that COVID and supply chain disruptions to the economy are not really expected to disrupt economic growth. In itself, this represents a stunning economic and policy achievement. The U.S. labor market is exceptionally strong. Over 6 million jobs were added last year, and the unemployment rate is again below 4 percent. Other metrics, such as the fraction of workers who quit their jobs, suggest that the labor market is very tight. Historically, when quits have been high, workers have been moving to jobs they prefer for higher wages and better working conditions. Indeed, we now see upgrading of job quality and increases in nominal wages, especially at the lower end of the spectrum. Household and firm balance sheets are even healthier than before the pandemic. To date, we have not seen large or persistent increases in long-term unemployment, indebtedness, evictions, or bankruptcies. This contrasts with the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Of course, given the scale, novelty, and uncertain path of the pandemic, the recovery also comes with challenges. Labor supply is yet to recover to pre-pandemic levels, as health, child care, and other related challenges remain. Inflation is a valid policy concern, and it's risen to levels not seen since the 1980s. If FAR exceeds any increase that would normally result from a labor market with 3.9 percent unemployment, I believe that the pronounced shift in spending away from services and toward goods contributed to outsized price increases. Additionally, the associated supply chain bottlenecks are boosting costs and holding back production of automobiles and other key products. Despite these challenges, it's important to note that professional forecasters think that inflation will substantially abate next year. Part of this view is likely driven by the expectation that the Federal Reserve will continue to account for these pressures as it fulfills its dual mandate. And as the President has remarked many times, the Administration continues to tirelessly seek strategies to alleviate these pressures through actions such as easing congestion in our ports and expanding the labor supply. Yet, even as policymakers continue to address rising prices, our economic recovery will face significant risks until we have moved more decisively past the pandemic. Now let me turn to economic policy. I will use the term modern supply-side economics to describe the Biden Administration's economic growth strategy. And I'll contrast it with Keynesian and traditional supply-side approaches. The American Rescue Plan enacted into law in March 2021 ensured that aggregate demand would return the economy to full employment, which was appropriate at that time in response to the crisis. In this respect, the Biden strategy was similar to the Keynesian approach, champion, for example, by the Obama Administration in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, and embodied in earlier stimulus packages enacted to combat previous downturns. What we're really comparing our new approach against is traditional supply-side economics, which also seeks to expand the economy's potential output, but through aggressive deregulation paired with tax cuts designed to promote private capital investment. It is unquestionably important to properly implement regulation and maintain a pro-growth tax code. Both they are not sufficient and can often be overdone. Modern supply-side economics, in contrast, prioritizes labor supply, human capital, public infrastructure, R&D, and investments in a sustainable environment. These focus areas are all aimed at increasing economic growth, while addressing longer-term structural problems, particularly inequality. The recently enacted bipartisan infrastructure bill and the Build Back Better legislation that remains under consideration in Congress incorporate this modern supply-side approach. Our new approach is far more promising than the old supply-side economics, which I see as having been a failed strategy for increasing growth. Significant tax cuts on capital have not achieved their promised gains, and deregulation has a similarly poor track record in general and with respect to environmental policies, especially so with respect to curbing CO2 emissions. Moreover, this approach has deepened disparities in income and wealth by shifting the burden of taxation away from capital and towards labor. As Derone Asimoglu and Pasquale Restrepo found, capital-based automation has also played a role, and perhaps the major role, in widening educational wage gaps between 1980 and 2016. A country's long-term growth potential depends on the size of its labor force, the productivity of its workers, the renewability of its resources, and the stability of its political systems. Modern supply-side economics seeks to spur economic growth by both boosting labor supply and raising productivity while reducing inequality and environmental damage. Essentially, we aren't just focused on achieving a high-top-line growth number that is unsustainable. We're instead aiming for growth that is inclusive and green. The economic moment is well-suited to accommodate such a modern supply-side expansion. Potential GDP in the United States is constrained by a declining labor force. And with few exceptions, productivity growth has been sluggish since the late 1970s. We have under-invested in public infrastructure and in education and training for children and all those who have not sought a four-year college degree. This under-investment has widened the gap in earnings between highly skilled workers and those who lack a college degree, a gap that has relentlessly increased since the late 1970s. Importantly, the Biden administration's economic strategy embraces, rather than rejects, collaboration with the private sector through a combination of improved market-based incentives and direct spending based on empirically proven strategies. For example, a package of incentives and rebates for clean energy, electric vehicles, and decarbonization will incentivize companies to make these critical investments. Let me now turn to three aspects of the Biden agenda that exemplify this modern supply-side approach. The first pertains to labor supply and is reflected in the Build Back Better agenda. Labor supply has been a concern in the United States even before the pandemic, in part due to an aging population, and in part due to a labor force participation rate that has trended downward over the past 20 years. Now COVID and declining immigration have further reduced the workforce. The lagging labor force participation rate is driven in large part by a combination of factors that disincentivize work, such as inadequate paid leave and high child care costs. While the final details of a package continue to be discussed by the administration and Congress, the core of Build Back Better counters these trends by making it easier for working-age parents to participate in the labor market. It proposes two additional years of universal early childhood education, along with expanded elder care. It seeks to cap child care expenditures for most families at 7 percent of their income, and an expanded earned income tax credit is intended to provide greater economic security to households, while incentivizing lower income workers to seek employment. These programs should help to reverse the ongoing decline in the U.S. labor force participation rate relative to other developed countries and to boost potential GDP growth. A second focus of the Biden agenda is to enhance productivity. Over the last decade, U.S. labor productivity growth averaged a mere 1.1 percent, roughly half that during the previous 50 years. This has contributed to slow growth in wages and compensation, with especially slow historical gains for workers at the bottom of the wage distribution. There is a concern, however, that technological advancement that boosts productivity growth may exacerbate rather than mitigate inequality. This possibility is illustrated by the pandemic induced surge in telework. A recent study forecasts that the gains from expanded telework will ultimately raise U.S. productivity by about 2.7 percent. Yet those gains are not likely to be equally shared. Upper income white collar workers are likely to enjoy the largest benefit. Increased online learning is another pandemic induced technological shift that is likely to widen the educational achievement and productivity gap between upper income children relative to those who are lower income and minority. The Biden administration aims to boost labor productivity in ways that will help to address the disparities in wage growth. The focus is on enhancing the skills of workers, and particularly those with low incomes, to be able to take advantage of new technologies. To do this, we're proposing wide-ranging investments in human capital, from early childhood education to community college, apprenticeships, and worker training. Additionally, long overdue investments in infrastructure, such as broadband, as well as ports, roads, and rail, should benefit American families, workers, and businesses alike. At the same time, we're investing in new energy infrastructure and support for R&D to incentivize innovation in renewable energy technologies. These investments should promote sustainable growth by addressing climate change and mitigate extreme weather events, which also have disproportionate impact on the poor. A third aspect of the administration's supply side agenda relates to taxation. The current system of multinational taxation constricts supply by rewarding companies that shift real economic activity for tax-driven reasons, thereby discouraging efficient deployment of capital and undercutting fiscal resources that can fund supply expansions. Over the over the past several decades, the burden of taxation in the United States and globally has shifted away from corporations and onto the middle class. A significant reason for this shift is tax competition among nations. This competition has created a race to the bottom and corporate tax rates on footloose capital. In this competition, no country is a winner and working in middle class people around the world lose. Large multinational corporations have been incentivized to stash profits in their low tax subsidiaries around the world in tax-driven and inefficient transactions. This race to the bottom thus depletes governments of the resources they need for the complex challenges they face. From the U.S. perspective, perverse corporate tax incentives have caused some companies to shift real economic activity beyond our borders, further contracting supply and inducing our nation's productive capacity. This past summer in a remarkable testament to the power of U.S. leadership and multilateralism, 137 countries representing nearly 95% of the world's GDP have agreed to rewrite the international tax rules to impose a global minimum tax on corporate foreign earnings. This historic global tax deal will end this race to the bottom by ensuring the profitable corporations pay their fair share, providing governments with resources to invest in their people and economies. At the same time, it will level the playing field so that all multinational companies will face a minimum tax on their foreign earnings rather than just U.S. companies. This new system will improve productivity by incentivizing businesses to allocate capital to its most productive use rather than to the use that produces the best tax result. A more efficient allocation of capital via a more level playing field achieved in a manner that improves fairness for workers represents a win-win that aligns with the modern supply side approach. Finally, the agreement will also stabilize the rapidly eroding international tax system by updating its rules to reflect a 21st century economy. The new rules recognize that business can be meaningfully involved in the economic life of a country without necessarily being physically present there. They will replace a chaotic array of unilateral tax measures that countries enacted in response to growing dissatisfaction with the status quo, but that burdened an increasing scope of U.S. businesses with multiple layers of taxation, discriminated against them, and created trade tensions that threatened economic growth and investment. These new rules can provide much needed tax certainty and clarity to our businesses that will benefit them and their workers. Let me further note that the Biden administration's leadership in negotiating this multilateral tax agreement is emblematic of our larger commitment to multilateral collaboration. Global cooperation is vital to address the common challenges that all of us now face. The global nature of the pandemic epitomizes the intertwined fates of all of us on this planet. COVID demands a truly global response as alleviating the virus within our borders requires fighting it abroad. And of course, climate change represents an existential threat that will require close global coordination and robust efforts by individual countries to reach their net zero commitments. To conclude, many of us participating in this week's discussions have been centrally involved in economic policy for decades, navigating the expansions, the shocks, and the recessions. It's safe to say that this economic recovery is unlike any we have seen, in part because economic and health outcomes are so closely intertwined. My economists at Treasury today are monitoring vaccination and health statistics in parallel to the latest economic indicators. Fortunately, we have brilliant medical professionals, scientists and health policy experts working tirelessly to end the pandemic in our country and beyond. Moreover, we as policymakers and business leaders now recognize that we must respond to the demands of our citizens to use this recovery to make our economies and the world a more sustainable fairer place. I'm optimistic about the U.S. economic recovery. We have a clear path forward with the recently passed infrastructure package and the proposed Build Back Better plan. And together, these policies will promote a modern supply side expansion that boosts long term sustainable growth, protects the environment, and distributes expanding national income more equally. I'm confident that we can beat this pandemic and move decisively down the path toward a more prosperous future. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Madam Secretary, for designing for us and sharing with us really a fascinating modern economic concept of supply side economics. We have time, and I want to congratulate you also for the landmark agreement related to the global tax reform which you mentioned. Thank you very much. Madam Secretary, you highlighted when in the context of supply side economics, social infrastructure plays a big role. It's a central role to make the economy much more human centered and at the same time also much more caring for the environment. So my question would be how can business support you in providing the different facets of the social infrastructure such as care, education, and health? What role do you see? Is it a different role compared to the past or do you see a much more engaged role of business in creating the social infrastructure? Well, thank you, Klaas, for that question. I am very encouraged to see the tremendous interest that businesses have in wanting to contribute to social infrastructure and the need that so many business leaders perceive in shoring up our social infrastructure and addressing the climate challenges that we face. And the Biden administration looks forward to working hand in hand with businesses on these objectives. Of course, government has an important role to play as well working with the private sector. And our job we think is to provide incentives in particular through tax incentives that will encourage the private sector to increase the supply of quality child care, working to improve elder care, working to train workers. Government has a critical role to play, but the private sector also needs to work with us. And of course, with respect to climate change, we very much look forward to working the infrastructure bill, for example, includes major incentives to improve our electric grid to make it capable of supporting increased supply of renewable energy. I believe that private businesses are ready and willing and able to invest in improving that infrastructure and the incentives that we hope to provide for electric vehicles, for investment in renewables. I think this represents a cooperation between the government and the private sector to pursue green and sustainable growth. Madam Secretary, one very last question in our global risk report. A debt crisis was among the top 10 concerns for the next two to five years. And of course, public spending is critical, but we recognize also that strengthening the social infrastructure ultimately will lead to higher productivity. But could you just say one word related to that situation and how you see the future? Will it hang over our shoulders for many, many years, or what is your assumption? Well, I believe that for the United States and other countries, pursuing a sustainable and responsible fiscal policy that keeps debt within manageable range for an economy is critically important. In responding to the downturn in the economy induced by the pandemic, we felt and I strongly believe that it was appropriate to engage in spending that wasn't financed by tax increases. But looking further out, we have proposed pay for additional tax revenue and importantly ways to strengthen our collection of the tax revenue that's due under our existing tax code in order to fully pay for the initiatives that I've described that we expect to promote growth and enhance inclusion. The debt to GDP ratios that we're seeing in the United States and in other parts of the world are higher than we're accustomed to and have crossed benchmarks that historically have been worrisome ones for countries with the respect to debt crisis. But for many decades now, interest rates have been exceptionally low. This is a feature of the secular stagnation we saw in so many developed countries in recent decades and the forces I believe that are in place that cause secular stagnation, namely plentiful savings and weak investment incentives. I believe when we're out of the pandemic, those same forces will continue to exist and it's important to evaluate debt sustainability in the context of the interest rate environment. So I see the burden of debt as probably best measured by the real interest payments as a share of GDP. And in that sense, the burden of the debt, even though in the US, our GDP ratio was crossed 100%, our interest burden is very manageable and our fiscal policy is designed to make sure that those interest payments remain manageable and the debt to GDP stabilizes at manageable levels on a long-term basis. Madam Secretary, we could continue for a long time, but I know at midday you have to stop. It was fascinating, certainly for our participants, to hear from you how the different aspects of your economic approach of the Biden administration approach is integrated into an overall concept of the modern supply side economics. And I think just in a nutshell, that's probably the pathway which we have to choose in the context of today and to create a modern economy, which is not just successful in creating prosperity, but creating inclusive prosperity, also sustainable and also resilient prosperity. So thank you very much for joining us for this final session. We wish you all the best in the implementation, in the continuation of the implementation, and we hope to see you one day in Davos. Thank you, Madam Secretary. Thank you so much, Klaus. Thank you for the opportunity to present these thoughts. Which appreciate them. Thank you.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, urban 21, upper deck skybox, model universe champions, hobby 1 box break, number 54, random pack style. As they look again at your random results, as always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat. So good luck, let's do it. Organize these really quick so I know who's got what. Same as if you were watching the last break, same way that this will be set up. We've got packs 1 through 5 right there. We've got packs 6 through 10 right here. And we've got packs 11 through 15 right there. Empty. Move these back just a tad. Here we go. Pack 1. Colby C. Good luck Colby. No boy. Fresh foundation is Colby Kim. PMG. Scotty Lewis. Nice. 12 of 25 on the blue for the Hornets. Nice PMG going to Colby. Congrats Colby. There you go buddy. Danny Willett and a Tom Love Lady. Pack 2. Jerry F. Let's go Jerry. Big Jerry. Nice fresh foundation. Sky Brown. A. Blast Furnace. Scotty Barnes. And base and base. Robert D. at 3. Go Robert. Scotty Lewis. Scotty Lewis again. Premium is Justin Fields Rookie. So in there we've got Cameron Tringale, Sky Brown, and a Shane McCarthy. All right congrats Robert. We're on to Will Emmett at 4 now. Good luck here Will. Fresh foundation Adley. That's going to be a metalized Isaiah Todd. We've got Arkwell Jalen Green for the Rockets that is technically a rookie as well. There you go Will. Congrats buddy. On number 5 is Mike W. Here we go Mike. Fresh foundation Devonta Smith. There's a Universe, Jaden Springer, Nami Osaka, and Ken Griffey Jr. All right. On to number 6 we got Robert R. Let's do it Robert. Here we go buddy. Fresh foundation Shane Wright. That is BJ Boston. We've got Fresh foundation PMG of Jonathan Kominga to 150. Congrats Robert. Nice one there buddy. PMG. Precious Metal Gems. All right Ryan P. now at number 7. Let's go Macaroon. Fresh foundation Carlos Ellison. We've got nice. Is a blast furnace Nami Osaka. Hey Ben Simmons and Jaden Springer. There you go Ryan. We've got Dagoburto G at number 8. Good luck here Dagoburto. Kominga Fresh foundation Jalen Waddle. That is a Wilman Diaz on the premium. Susan Tadeshi and Coco Golf. Number 9 we've got Mike W. Again. Good luck here Mike. That is a intimidation nation of Wayne Krestke. I'm with you on that golf and Vace. Nice one there. We've got number 10. Robert R. 10 and 11. Robert R. These next two will be yours Robert or Bobby I should say Bobby and Chat. Fresh foundation Mojave King base. That is a Metal Universe of Jalen Johnson. Woj and Francisco Mollinari. Number 11 Bobby R. Again. Good luck Bobby. That is a Red Gerard. We've got reaching for the stars Najee Harris on the die cut. Nice one there. Those are pretty and base. All right Nicholas S. at number 12. Fresh foundation Jalen Green. There's a blast for inspiring Laura and base. Number 13 is Mike W. Good luck Mike. Fresh foundation Coleman RS and a Trevor Lawrence premium rookie. Fields and Zeh Chong Dao. All right William S. at 14. Trey Sermon. Fresh foundation is Roberto Campos as well as intimidation nation Matthew Wolfe. Me too. Daniel C. at 15. Good luck. That is Byron Lore. We've got Cocoa Goff Metal Universe. Ryan Whitney and base. That is going to do it for the break guys. Thanks again for filling this on up. We've got Bowman coming up next.


Hello there everyone and welcome. My name is Melissa Armond. I thought I would do a weekly recap of the options calls I made this week. Again, it's earning season, so there's a lot of things to look at. I called EXP as an option on the 12th, EXP I just called a put, strike 100, okay, which it obviously went through. This was a nice trade, went down. And if you get out of it profitable quickly, that's fine. If you wanted to hold it longer, I called it out till the end of March. Push back up in here. You could take more of it or you could have got out and retake it. This is going to set up again. This looks really good. This was a positive call, it was a profitable trade. And if you're still in it, holding it out for a bigger move, that's fine. I think when you take these though, the first exit should always be the strike, which obviously this went through. No one here on this day was 99.08, so it went about a buck through the strike. So that's always what I put for the first strike. So that was on the 12th. Then I called CMG on the 13th and I called this out really, really far in advance for months out because I think the chart's lower. I called it out on the 13th and then I called it out for April and June. The puts out for this and for the 220 puts. And then this had a huge move up then literally on the 14th, but the chart's still lower. So whether people did the trade and killed it or holding it through, this trade is negative, but it still is way, way months, months out. So this wasn't a fast mover down. It flipped because of some news, but I love this chart lower. And that rally that it had last week might be the last rally it has for weeks or months. So again, this trade has a long time, long time to get to the number. When something is negative and you're down 50% in an option trade, you can kill it and retake it, but I still think this is going to end up working. So everybody has a different money management plan, but I usually say 50% is a good placement to kill it. But as of right now, that trade is still out to April and June depending on which strike people took, I called both of them. However, it's negative at this moment if people are still in it. Then I called, and that was a put, then I called Amazon really nice call on the 14th, ran up right in here, beautiful move, nice trade went immediately positive, okay, called the 1500 calls, which again, you could still be in it. This was immediately positive and a nice move right up here in this day out for the 23rd. So this doesn't have a lot of time left if you're still in it, but this looks really nice and good, especially the market's positive this week, or you just took it out here or here even when it gapped up in the 15th. So that was a profitable trade. And then I also called a second one on the 14th in Netflix to buy the 280 Netflix calls expiring to 23. Quick one in the Netflix, again, could have done it and got right out, had the move, had a big move, literally into the momentum the day I called it. So called it here, boom, had a nice big move into here through the strike. And lots of momentum ran right out. Again, you can still be in it, looks like it's going to make a new high. This could be a really big trade, but this was a profitable trade right in here. Immediately called it, got up. A lot of times when I call these options trades, they go right up or right down if I'm calling a put. I'm very good at seeing where they're going to go directly. I couldn't have predicted that there would be some news in CMG or that would have broke too. And you will have that sometimes happen. But let's look at the last one here that I called for the 16th. There was nothing on the 15th. Called Cisco to buy the 4550 Cisco calls. This ran up on Friday. Didn't quite get up to 4550 close, but looks good to follow through this coming week. This is out for a couple of weeks, three, two. So you could have done it and got right out or you did it and wait for the bigger move, which is through the strike and through the number and over the high. So this is a nice, nice one here in Cisco. So overall, there were one, two, three, four, five. Busy week. Five trades called this week. One is down or people killed it, which was a CMG. And four are up when you got out or you're holding like the Cisco through or the Netflix through the Amazon through next week, or even the XP could still be in, which was the put, but they all are profitable calls and really looking forward to seeing what this week brings with the market. So that's four out of five winners just this week in the letter. Been making some really nice option calls for people. Seeing a lot of success for it makes it very easy for them to just take the trade when they get the email and you got to watch it yourself and you get out when you're up. Very easy to monitor it. So good luck, everyone. Have a great weekend and a happy Presidents day. Email me at melissathestockswush.com if you would like to sign up for the gap options letter. There are no prerequisites. It's $2,999 a year and if you're interested, email me to sign up. Thanks everybody and have a great day.


Hello everyone and welcome back to another video. So in today's video we'll be following on from our previous videos Which I'll do a link to on the screen somewhere now and in those videos We are using Power Automate to get a day automated daily extract of a SharePoint list and Store that into a CSV file on a separate SharePoint document library and that's what we can see here We're in the document library test archive and you can see we've got a list of all of these Extracts containing a date in the file name so we can see what date it was extracted and also to give it a unique name And if we were to go into one of these files, so we've got the latest one here the 1st of September You can also see we've got a column g which is our snapshot. So this is again It's just that exact date at which the data was extracted so this gives us the ability to obviously report upon this data daily and Ultimately we could see by day in a graph how the headcount has changed so to do that our total choice is going to be Power BI So let's jump into Power BI and obviously connect to this SharePoint library So the first thing we're going to do is go into transform data I'm just going to click the button as it stands here and If you're familiar with Power BI, you'll know that when you go into a new source You can select your desired and file type or connection type all I'm going to do is go into blank query Because we can just do this completely from fresh So what we want to do go equals and type in here SharePoint and The second one we have available to us is SharePoint dot file. So let's select that and Do open brackets so we can see the key variable or not variable But what it needs is a URL as a text So all we're going to do for that is we'll go back into our SharePoint site And we'll copy the first part of this URL so everything up until the site name So if you look you'll see sites slash analytics. So analytics is the name of our site So let's just make sure you copy all of that We'll go back into Power BI and within two double or double quotations We'll paste our string and select in this gray area below and you can see it's connected to SharePoint So at the moment what it's doing is for that SharePoint site It's just pulling through all the content available to us So they're very there are various numbers of ways you could obviously filter this data but for me, I'm just going to scroll down here and I can see that there's obviously a staff list here If I scroll to the right-hand side, I can validate that. Yes, these are the files from the directory that I want So it's test archive So in order to ensure I'm left with only these files, what I'm going to do is in folder path We'll just do a simple filter and we'll say text filters ends with and Once that opens up, we'll just type into here test archive and the forward slash Select okay, and you can see we're now left with obviously our desired role result a list of all of our files which contain the Date and the file name and we can see that they're all coming from that same folder if we just go into source and Scroll all the way down to the bottom where our desired files were You'll see that in fact within test archive. There is also this sub folder And if I select here, I think you can see it yet We can see what test archive daily email and then in another sub folder called other So the benefit of using ends with as I just did in our filter just ensures that we don't Also incorporate any of these sub level folders into our data as well But again, there are many ways you can obviously get around that but this is probably the simplest one for this example So let's just go back to our next step so we can see how our data is now looking and The next thing we want to do is to insert a new step so to do that I'm simply going to right-click and go insert step after so it goes the new step and At the moment what our data is doing is says it's equaling Hashtag filtered rows. So all that means is it's just doing exactly what is in the filters row step So if we go to here, you can see the data is exactly the same So all it's saying at the moment is the source for this data is just that equal the same as filtered rows But what we want to do is we want to combine all of that data So all we're going to do is build upon this we'll click after the equal sign and just do a space and Actually, we don't need double space. We'll go right in front of the hashtag and I'm going to do here is type the word binary dot combine and Then open brackets and then this is the source So all of the files are available to us in filtered rows At the end here we're going to do a square square bracket and write the word content because what we want to do is combine the Content from all of those files are available to us in that filters roads filtered rows step So once we've got that we hit enter and it's going to refresh and hopefully combine all that information for us And it's probably in adding adding some additional steps as well Yet we can see those building up on the right-hand side and there we go All that file information is now changed and we're actually seeing the content of all of those files So there's a couple of tidy up pieces that I want to do here So the first thing I do is go back to custom ID and We'll right-click and rename this and we'll call this combine Just again when we're looking at our steps from this view We know exactly what's happening at that step without having to go into it And we can see it's still refreshing up here by those yellow dots which are now gone Cool. So we've got combine. We've got to import our CSV Yep, that all looks good and then we go at the moment to change type Well, what I want to do is I don't want to have this step just yet. We want to do some slight tweaking So we'll just delete this for the time being So as you can see what it's done is the first row of our data set is actually containing our column headers And also as you'll see if we are to scroll down these column headers will be repeated for every file that we've combined So I think we had about 10 or 12 files that were combined into this data set So these headers are going to appear at 10 or 12 times So again all as always there are multiple ways to go about this But the first thing I want to do is I go into use first row as headers If you can't see this option Just make sure you've got the the home tab selected in the ribbon at the top here And then yet just select use first row as headers and what it will do Just basically nudge all the data up one And you can say once again, it's gone and changed all of our file change types All I'm going to do again is once again delete this out This is where I'm just being a bit fussy. But yeah, it just helps to tidy things as we go along So one of the first things we also need to do having or knowing that potentially Header or column headers are going to be repeated in our data set is we just want to remove those We don't want to see like a file name or whatever it is within our data when we report on it So let's just go into the filter for snapshot and all I'm going to do is we can see here We've got all of the dates at which data was extracted So I'm going to do is simply deselect snapshot from this field and all that's going to do is make sure that None of our data does not contain file names And the way to probably demonstrate that is if we just select everything and only select snapshot You can see we will end up with a list literally just of all of our column headers So in some way this is a good test just to make sure all of our column headers aligned throughout all of the files But for the purpose is this we want to just ensure that everything is selected apart from do not select snapshot So we do okay, and we can see it will update our filter Yes, so nice and simply just make sure that the snapshot column does not contain the word snapshot and that way we're reassure that we've got just the data that we want in here and Lastly, we'll just go and I'll do our formatting manually. So for us these first four columns are all text So let's just go and add these in just to be really specific to make sure again It does this every time the file is loaded. So go text text surname I'll take a little while on first name there. Yeah, let's go change that to text as well The same for email will format that as text. You don't have to do this I'm just rebuilding upon this just to be really extensive This is for us is date time and time zone. So in the same for end date date time time zone And then the very last one we've got here is our snapshot date So for us we want to change this for date So you can obviously try this yourself to see the problem But again the reason why I did this filtering we had here of filtering rows to remove the column names is Because we want to format this as date Obviously if we had text in here is going to throw back an error because it's going to say what actually some of your values aren't dates So that's why I've just done our filter and made sure we're left with the data that we actually want Before again, obviously we apply that the formatting to the data set So I think at this stage we're happy with everything as it is the last thing I just noticed as we've got the query name is query one doesn't look too good So we'll just change that to staff list which our data set is called and hit enter So you can see it's tidied up over here, and it's also reflected in the query name We'll now go close and apply and then what power be I will do Yeah, it's now back on the screen for us as you can see it's now evaluating Obviously making sure it's got that connection to share point and it's going to then import all of that data to us And obviously apply the steps that we've done in our in our query as well So depending obviously on the size of your data, this is going to take Longer or or or less time and again another one to think about here is in this example We're only working with a few like seven columns of data again if you've got maybe I don't know 2030 or maybe 40 columns of data in your file, but you don't actually need to use all those In that query that we worked on obviously that'd be a good time to delete everything that you don't need Just to make sure that you're not wasting time importing stuff that you don't need So lastly, let's just start creating a very basic visual. So let's just do a table. Maybe I did I think I mentioned the word chart earlier, but a table will obviously be easier All we're going to do is bring obviously go for our table visual and let's say we'll bring in the employee ID Let's bring in their first name and let's bring in the snapshot date So you can see obviously at the moment it's built a hierarchy for us But let's just do this drop down here get snapshot and select snapshot. So it's not a date hierarchy and What we could do here rather than having the Actually, I've done more than I need to do that. Let's just delete First name. We'll bring employee ID at the end here So it's snapshot employee ID and then all I'm going to do is select this drop down and rather than have don't summarize I'm going to change that to count and You can see what it's done for us is given us a count of our staff list per each date So at the more at the moment, sorry, it's obviously very boring because it's all the same data across the files Yeah, obviously it's doing that daily extract But because no activities happening on that list is just remaining the same But should yours be an actual working file where the numbers differentiate daily then of course you would in here see Obviously your numbers as they grow or as they move across this time period So I think we'll stop the video there and we'll obviously continue in future videos on how we can build upon this and maybe some other Reporting tips that we could use but I say for time being I hope you enjoyed that video If you have any questions about this content, please drop me a comment below and I will get back to you as soon as possible Also, if you did enjoy the video, please don't forget to give the video a like It's not only greatly appreciated by me but it helps the all-important YouTube algorithm and ensures that other people searching for this content are able to find this video and Lastly, if this is your first time maybe finding our video or you've watched videos before Please can ask you to subscribe to the channel and also hit that bell notification button That way you will be notified of our future videos as and when they come out So thank you very much again for watching and we'll see you in the next video


Hi everyone, this is Sasha Monks with Arlington Weather. The weather will sure be hot this weekend, but keep your pool parties for Sunday. Moving on to the weekend forecast, though there's a high of 85 and a low of 65 for Saturday and Sunday, NOAA's Storm Prediction Center predicts a shortwave trough of low pressure pushing rapidly across New England. On Saturday, bringing a cold front and chances of thunderstorms into the Boston area in the afternoon and evening. There will be mild humidity at 55% with dew point in the 60s. The wind will be fairly light around 15 miles per hour from the southwest with partially cloudy skies and pressure at around 1,007 millibars. Sunday's humidity drops to a comfortable 50% with a dew point at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Barely any wind, pressure again at 1,007 millibars, and mostly clear skies make Sunday a beautiful Father's Day. Moving on to the jet stream, this warmer weather and high pressure is a direct result of the omega wave pushing across the United States. This view of the jet stream on Wednesday shows a ridge of high pressure being squished up between two lows. Next is a view of the highs and lows with the blue as the low pressure and the red as the high. Moving on, Tuesday and Wednesday of last week had a pressure that was extremely low and the weather was colder, but as the jet stream continued pushing to the right, New England entered a region of high pressure and warmer weather for the end of this week. As for next week, crank up the AC for a boiling start with Monday in highs of 90 and Tuesday, and lows of 70 Tuesday will be colder with high of 85 and low of 65, but scattered thunderstorms will break the heat with a pleasant start for summer break.


Crow Wing County currently has one of the highest pregnancy rates in the state of Minnesota for women ages 18 to 19. To address the topic, the League of Women Voters hosted the We Are Advocates organization for their January event. The We Are Advocates provide and promote comprehensive reproductive health care for teens and young adults in the Brainerd Lakes area. Their presentation demonstrated their approach on how they educate youth about sexual health. Their goal is to expand their organization to be a local clinic to be able to further help and educate young adults. The next phase of our project is to open a clinic in the fall of 2017 and so now we're working toward that goal because we think of course we can provide education but if there's nowhere for youth and young people to go to get the services then that's still a problem. The We Are organization is also looking for individuals who are willing to volunteer their time to educate others. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Well, it's state tournament time for high school boys tennis and for the second year in a row, Brainerd's Tanner Lundberg will make the trip to compete for a state singles title in class 2A. Lundberg competed in one singles this year on a Warriors team that finished 17-1 on the season. He finished off most of his opponents in straight sets, but he understands that the state tournament will also bring stiff for competition from schools outside the conference, but he's ready for the challenge. It's good. I'm glad I went one year and to go back to back is awesome. It'll be a little bit less pressure than last year and I was nervous since I've been there before and hopefully I can win a match. That's my number one goal and then see where I go from there. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


So from the discovery that light had properties that only waves can have, to figuring out what kind of wave light was, took many decades. And what we know now is that what light is, is an electromagnetic wave. What that means is it's changes in the electric field, and the electric field can go all through space. It doesn't need a medium like air or water to travel, and the electric field is everywhere. And that's why the light can travel through space and through a vacuum. And what happens is when you have a changing electric field, that causes a changing magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field causes a changing electric field, and so the wave just carries on forever. What that means is that light is a transverse wave. The electric field is actually moving up and down perpendicular to the direction that the light is traveling. And it also means that light has something called a polarization. And all polarization means is that if the electric field is going up and down perpendicular to the way the light's going, it must be going in a particular direction. It might be going up and down, it might be going left or right, or something in between. Now light has two things going transverse to the direction of motion. It has the electric field and the magnetic field. And they're not both going in the same direction. They're actually at right angles to each other as well. And so we have to make a choice when we're defining things. And for light, we typically define that the direction of the polarization is the direction that the electric field is going. So if we have a light wave traveling in this direction, then we're going to have an electric field going up and down in one axis. And a magnetic field going in and out in the other axis. In this case, we would talk about the polarization as being up and down. Now electric fields come from charges. And so changing electric fields come from moving charges. And so the easiest way to make electric field that goes up and down is to have electric charges go up and down. And the easiest way to do that is to have something like an antenna. So in an antenna, you apply an oscillating voltage which causes the charges to go up and down. And they emit an electric field. And then over time, that travels on and gives you a particular polarization given by the direction in which the charges are moving. Whereas if you have something like the sun, then in the sun, what you have is an enormously large number of charges. And they're all going in every which way. Because the sun is just a big, crazy plasma. So the charges will be going in all sorts of directions accelerating, moving around in that plasma. And so they're going to be emitting lots and lots of electromagnetic ways. But those electromagnetic ways are going to be all in sorts of different directions. And so what you get there is you get a scrambled electric field direction. And that gives you something called unpolarized light. And we often write unpolarized light as having components in all directions. And this interaction between polarization and materials works both ways, not just in emission, but also on absorption. So if you have say a road and you have unpolarized light coming down on it, say from the sun. So it's easier for that electric field to move electrons sideways on the road than it is to lift them up out of the road and push them in. And so what that means is the light is preferentially absorbed and then re-emitted if it's got that horizontal polarization. So the vertical polarization has much more trouble being absorbed and re-emitted. And so when the light reflects off the road, you tend to have a much stronger component of the horizontal polarization. And that's why sunglasses tend to be polarized. A polarized piece of glass only lets through particular polarizations of light. And the idea with sunglasses, if they only let through the vertical polarization light, then they're going to make most things darker because most light is unpolarized. So you lose half the light of everything. But when you're driving along, the road glare, the glare from the sun say on the road is going to be mainly horizontally polarized. So you lose nearly all of that. That means you're preferentially getting rid of the light that was blinding you while still keeping most of the light from the things you're trying to actually see. And exactly the same principle lets you use the same kind of glasses to see underwater. So if you have light glancing off the surface of the water and that gives you lots of glare and you see reflections, if you put on your polarized sunglasses, you can often see down under the water, which is very good if you're fishing or something like that.


What's up guys and welcome back to the John and Q channel. Thanks so much for watching.  Okay, we don't discriminate here If you want to be bad you can be bad if you identify as a cat sure you can be a bad cat That sounds really weird.   They give you a post interview like they would in an NFL game or NBA game I am this this is honestly so wild This is so crazy and wild that this actually happened when I first saw this video. I thought Let's freaking go. Please. Let me know down below what you guys think This is probably the best video I've seen this week Yeah, I'm st. Lucie County Sheriff Keith Pearson Franklin Sanders and his juvenile companion thought they were gonna come through Okay, first of all they put him on blast they put him and his juvenile friends on blast That's crazy to say on social media who they are and then be like, you know rag on them his juvenile companions Lucie County with the stolen vehicle with the Broward Task Force on their tail ain't happening Although this is an M5 and it's super fast. We got the scat pack He literally calls help these suspects car and says, I mean, yeah, it's fast, but it wasn't fast enough We got the scat pack out. Hey, what'd you think good? And then he goes. What'd you think good and the camera pans over to the juvenile? What world are we living in where there's a post criminal interview? Oh I I love this I think we need to be doing this for every criminal out there with every police department in the country Oh, that's so great Good. Yeah, no comment. Oh, he literally goes. Well, what'd you think there son would you when you try to get away? But you couldn't you're fast, but we're faster. Oh, that is so that is so so good. I freaking love that That's sweet justice the juveniles just literally in handcuffs laying up next to the car just bra I don't want to talk about this. Don't tell my mom. I don't want to talk about this This is unhinged behavior and I freaking love it This is the kind of behavior that will deter some juveniles Maybe not all of them. Maybe not all criminals, but maybe some like if I if I get caught stealing the car from the police I'm gonna get put on blast. I'm gonna get a post interview and I'm gonna be in handcuffs in that interview Yeah, no comment. Although this car hits and he says yeah, no comment like I thought so buddy Although this car hit speeds of 160 miles an hour The scat pack took him down. We'll want to shout out to the Broward County Sheriff's Office I see all the County Sheriff's Office. He goes he was going up to 160 miles an hour, but the scat pack Got him was going faster than 160 if you're going at that highest speeds Something bad is going to happen where you can't control the car. You can't control other people yet the scat pack He goes but the scat pack was faster the scat pack took him down Well, no regard just like we're about to get this juvenile no matter what The River County Sheriff's Office we're making sure we put this bad guy behind bars where he belongs Make sure we put this bad guy behind bars where he belongs. I can't even it's it's Is how it's done and with that being said guys, thanks so much for watching What did you guys think of this video if there are any other crazy videos that I should react to? Comment down below and I will see you guys in the next Johnny Q video.


For the past decade, he has been acquiring knowledge in web development and design, and is currently working as a full stack designer. Talking about mastering developer tools, here we welcome the much-awaited presentation by Mr. Surendra Tresta. Hello. Check. Can you guys hear me? All right. So, namaskar. Sorry to be unable to answer that introduction. So, mastering developer tools session my name is Devade Namaskar. So, a short introduction. My name is Surendra Tresta. And I am a learner, because I haven't learned for 10 years. I haven't learned yet, but I can still learn. I don't know how to learn, but still, I'm still here. Like me, I don't know how to learn. And I've learned a lot. And my front-end development or development, I've learned in this 10-year-old learning. But I can't share it with you guys. So, I'm asking you guys. So, technical difficulties are coming, and I haven't been able to do it on full screen. So, I'm going to show you the demo. The font size isn't good, so I'm going to give you a feedback. And I'm mostly a full stack designer. I've never done anything like this. And during the development, I've been working as a back-end developer. But mostly, I like to call myself as a front-end developer. And at the start, I'm a wide-developed developer. So I'm inspecting everything and developing from scratch. I can't imagine developing without the tools. So, the tools aren't there. They're not there, so it saves a lot of time. Before I started my career, I didn't learn how to learn. I don't know how to develop tools or YouTube. I can easily access it. And at the same time, I was including my own page and used the time for 8 hours in the office. So I'll let you know more about the developer toolbars. How to use it? Productivity increases. And the code name is Kapal Tanda Tanda. How many Kapals do you have? What is the time of Kapal Tanda? There is time for coffee. Better debugging and quality assurance is also helpful. So let's start with Chrome Live Editor. How many of you know about Chrome? You can directly load the project and write the code. Do you know? Okay. So I see a lot of you guys. So I'm not encouraging you guys to use Chrome to do all your development. There are a lot of handy words here. Mostly WordPress or other websites where the client hasn't managed to give me full access to their website. Front-end changes are gone. Sort of JavaScript fixes are written. But it takes time to access it. You project it. Directly in Chrome, sort of like this, I've seen full-fledged development. What I want to say is that the PSP code highlighting, I don't know if it's because they got rid of it, but HTML and CSS highlighting are there. You can load your project on Google Chrome. And you can also do file mapping. First, you have to do a live preview to load the file in Chrome. First, you have to do mapping. Now, you have to do overrides. Actually, I'm going to do demo now. How can I do it? Let me go to sources here. Is this readable enough? You can see it. You can see the light on the front. How do you deem it? You can see it on the back. So, in Chrome, if you go to the sources tab, if you have enough room, you'll see. And it's a file system. I've already loaded it here. Actually, I'm going to remove it and add it here. You can use WordCamp. I've already folded it. If you go to the file system, you can see I have this WordCamp 2022. I selected a folder. And I have access to it. If I allow it, it's going to load a whole of the project in Google Chrome. Now, I have to pop out a full ID to use the code editor. Now, I'm going to do general coding. And the benefits of this are the PSP support, the syntax highlighting, the development of Google Chrome. So maybe you can raise a support ticket to request a feature. But index.stml is used to highlight the HTML. If you have local files, I can easily make changes here directly. The HTML is saying something. I delete something, save it, and reload the page. I'm still in Google Chrome. Everything is running. I don't have any code. I don't have any syntax highlighting. I don't have any other PSP files. I just don't have any documentation data. The local file is directly here. And just in case, there is a minified code, you can click on the double call and it will beautify it. So you don't have a lot of control on how you can format things. But it gets the job done. So if you don't have ID enabled or if your dad is working in the computer, you can open the code and make a folder, you can map it. You can load the file in the same way as in the overwrites. I have loaded the site of the old camp. Let me find this. So old camp is done. I can do overwrites. I don't know what local overwrites can enable. If I don't write the code directly, I can save it. I can do local overwrites. I can just map it with the CSS. This is enabled in the sphere. Now I am in the section. The background is red. Can you see it? You can do local overwrites. Imagine a scenario, you don't have access to the full-fledged live site, but you still want to do some front-end development. You can have directly overwrites enabled. You can do the local map. It starts writing your local changes into your local files. Then you will be able to provide whoever your client is, just the file that you just modified. In this case, I can easily modify the style.css. Later on, provide whoever my client is, just this file. Then they can upload it in their site or code changes. Another interesting thing that you can do here is you see a lot of images. There are other features. You can write your code to play around. If you don't want add-messages, if you don't want extension-insult, it does nothing, but just select images and hide them. If I run them, it gets rid of the images in these pages. You can create multiple images. You can create multiple images. You can create multiple images. Let's go back. The body feature is there. As I am running the time constrict, I won't be able to share everything, but I will share some glimpses of what I can. Next is buy to all-out, hello to console. I started developing most of the developer using all-out. I wrote JavaScript and I didn't know what code was there. All-out is working. Logging is not an intention. We didn't know that before. After getting into development, when I learn that console is available, you can really use console to equate your messages and have better debugging, better log. All-out is for debugging. You can use console to read development messages. It's non-intrusive. You won't be able to see the inspector toolbar open. I don't know how to use all-out. For example, I have a plug-in without license. Client doesn't have developer-intended messages. Console.info there are licenses not applied. We can use console. I will give a link. You can see the details of console API. Most of the sites are here. Moving down, in the common console method, you can use console.log. There is a general log highlighting. Console.warn, console.error. Console.time and time are really interesting. You can benchmark your time. How long it took you to execute that code? As I request, you want to make your code efficient. It will tell you how many seconds it took your code to execute. Similarly, console.table. If you don't like the directory structure, you can use console.table. The key value pair is console.message. Console.directly-collapsible. Another interesting fact about console is I found that Facebook if someone has told you to paste code, don't do this one. Big companies, they put vacancyannouncement in console.log. You can also style those. If you are curious enough to inspect the sites that you like, you can also find vacancy messages that they are hiring in console. Generally, there are many ways to install a console. For example, console. By the way, if you have methods, in root.table, there is a function called console.directly-collapsible. For example, if I write a pretty message, I will run it. Sorry, wrong window. It will run in this site. If I go to console, sources, I will write the code. So, I will write a pretty message. I have a function called console. If I write a pretty message, I can format it in the console. And console messages can be written in console messages. These are different levels of console. The first LO1 you see is a warning message. You can do computation inside console.log or object. So, I am moving on using breakpoints. This is one of the interesting features. I had known this earlier, it would have saved me a lot of time. It is difficult to track where your code is going. If you come to source, manually debug, it will be difficult. If you go to pages, you will have to scroll through your code. Wherever you are working on something else in the code. So, debugger is something really useful while doing coding. So, for example, I have this sources here. What does debugger do? I am going to uncomment this page. So, you see, once the page started loading, the inspector bar is on. Code execution is halted. It is called positive debugger. It is undefined. Because the code execution halted one line before. So, it is still not defined because you are new. I can step over. And now if I hover over car, it says it has three doors. Engine state is off. So, your global scope or local scope, you get a better idea of what your code is doing. So, I have this exception handling. So, try catch. So, I start the car. And after that, I hover over car. Engine state is off. I am going to hover over the car. Engine state is called Idle. So, object is a dynamically mapping map. It is going to hover over the car. You get a pretty idea of what is going on throughout your code. So, I play console.log. It is going to handle car. I am going to drive car. It is going to handle car. So, first, it came here. It broke. So, attribute modification connection. So, moving on use a break point. You can add a break point manually. It is loaded script. You can open the main.js. In main.js, you can add a break point manually. It is a break point. You can disable it. It is a break point. You can add a break point. It is useful inside the attribute. It is a custom debugger. You can add it. For example, you are mutating any object on DOM. So, you put JavaScript and you try to change the attribute of element or there are like event listener or you are modifying the DOM tree. So, this is the case. We can attach debuggers like break on attribute soft remodification, node removal. It goes and breaks to a point to a code which is trying to update or mutate the DOM tree or add some attributes. You can see the screen. You can still see the screen. So, now moving on to the next. Emulation and performance thoughtling. So, oftentimes we are equipped with high performance computer like 2LGB RAM 6432GB and usually the clients that we are developing our code has really low performance computer. So, it works on our and it can be because of slow connection like in case of case. You have to emulate it. You won't find it in Firefox. So, all of these tools I am talking about you have to use Firefox how to do it. You have to use Chrome for everything. You have to use thoughtling and emulation.  So, if it's not already visible you can use this wheel cog and then you will be seeing CPU thoughtling and network thoughtling. I can slow down my computer six time. So, it will slow down my computer six times. So, it will slow down my computer six times. I can't handle it because of processing. I can't slow down it. I have tried to benchmark it. So, let me run that benchmark code. So, in that benchmark code I am just randomly generating loop and then I am trying to see how efficient it is. I can show that loop. It is just a loop Let's see what the difference is. It took six milliseconds. So it came down to one millisecond. How well my application is performing really becomes helpful. And one of the useful features for emulation is print rendering. There are many things to do with print. I personally have to work with print. The first place is Command P. And then you start fine-tuning it. So it becomes really time-consuming to design for print. Fortunately, Firefox has it easily. So if you go into more tools and then use rendering. So in rendering, you will find that there's this thing called emulate CSS media type. So emulate media type, if you offer print. So your entire emulation goes to print media. And then you can start seeing. And your print is a different behavior. The title is only for print. I have written CSS. And often I have a new site or even a site. It's a print user. It's a site where nobody prints the website. So you can use this emulation to emulate for print. And then do all your development. You can also find emulation inside this responsive tab. This map is also low-network. For example, this is a network throttling. Fast 3G, slow 3G, or custom-made 64kbps. You can also use it. It's for emulation. And another thing now finally is debugging your devices. So today everyone has a background browser. Even mobile has Chrome. And everyone is rendering using Internet Explorer. When they moved on to Chromium-based browser. The new one is using the same engine as Chrome. So there are differences and issues that are not similar. But in some weird cases, the issue you see in the device can be emulated in the browser. Chrome inspect devices. If you go to this URL. So I have this open here. So remote target. And let me see if my mobile is connected here. And see if I can demonstrate this. My phone is stuffed. Wow. So if you have your devices open. And remote target. I need a device list. So I'm trying to set up and see if this works. Unfortunately. I don't know why. So I'm trying to boot my phone here. Unfortunately it just died. So screencast automatically works. So you see that transparent bar. So that's the Android growth blank space. So for an iPhone. And if you're using a Mac. If you use Safari. You can directly inspect in Safari. Without doing anything. You can directly inspect on your iPhone. Or iPads. Using Safari. But for Android devices. If you have USB debugging enabled. So you can find further reading in that URL. You can just search on Google developer. Dev tools for remote debugging. So it's gotten by one. If you're inside. And. This phone is still loading. So. Let's see if we can manage this. So regardless. Your phone. Okay. So it's not working. So. So you have to trust me on this one. I didn't fake this screenshot. So you can use your mouse. On the on your computer. On your mouse. Up down. Real devices. Scrolling. So. You can inspect from here. And then you can do your. Development from debugging. Directly connected with your devices. Right. So. I think that's all what I had to share for today's presentation. So. Lastly question there. So I'm leaving this session with asking for more answers. So. If at least one or three people can tell me of. Exciting features. Exciting tool that you use for development. You can share now. Or if you have any few questions regarding this presentation. You can ask now. Any questions. All right. Can someone give you the mic please. I can hear. Question. I like the typography. And CSS. There's an experimental feature. So you can enable and see the. All the fonts and their sizes and the colors. Oh, okay. So in the computer model. Yeah. Thanks. So what it just mentioned is like in the elements. You can have the feature. Cool feature that you can use is this computer thing. So I also find this very helpful. So rather than struggling on. Where your CSS is. You can go to computer and then you can find. The actually applied styles. And it's my expand. You can find where you're. The actual styling is being applied from. And also you can scroll down to see the render forms and stuff like that. Anymore. For the crowd. All right. All right. So. Wrapping up to my session. I would like to say everyone to. Work smart not hard. So I hope you'd be exploring further more. You've got it. So. Thank you very much.


Professor Chang couldn't be here. He is in San Francisco attending a meeting. But it is my honor to receive this award from Brain Foundation. And on behalf of members of the research team, which includes University of Melbourne and CSIRO, where I am from, I would like to thank the Brain Foundation and its scientific committee, along with the sponsors, donors, and patrons of this foundation. This award will enable us to do research in a mosquito-borne virus called Zika virus, which affects brains and causes a significant brain damage in infants. Now, Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes from person to person. And when a normal adult gets infected, it shows almost no symptoms or very mild symptoms, sometimes fever and some mild muscle pain. However, in some circumstances, this infection causes severe neurological symptoms. More importantly, if a pregnant woman gets infected with this virus, she can pass this virus on to her fetus, and which leads to severe brain damage. And you've also heard of microcephaly. Now, Zika virus infection has now spread to more than 45 countries. And last year, World Health Organization classified Zika infection as a disease of priority in urgent need of further research into therapeutics and drug development. There are no approved vaccines or any efficacious drugs to prevent or treat this disease, so it poses a major public health risk. Now, one of the major birth defects, as I mentioned, is microcephaly. It is characterized by a smaller than usual size of brain, which is caused by significant brain cell death.   And the mechanism is unknown, which leads to microcephaly. Now, what we propose to do is employ a biochemical method called proteomics to investigate how Zika virus kills these cells. Specifically, we'll try to identify proteins that are chemically modified in these immature brain cells as a result of infection. Their identification will help us in identifying mechanism of how Zika virus is killing these cells, but it will also, more importantly, identify and will help us develop compounds that can protect these cells against Zika virus infection. Now, these compounds will be potential drugs to protect the brain damage in Zika infected patients. So there is a need to develop these new drugs to treat and prevent microcephaly and other neurological complications caused by Zika infection. And this award by Brain Foundation will enable us in identifying this mechanism and potentially develop new drugs to reduce the impact of the disease. So I thank Brain Foundation for this award.


So, in this hopefully short module we will talk about Alexandrite and Fiber lasers. So this is what we had discussed in the previous module. We are introducing very new discovery LED pumped Alexandrite lasers and of course if you can pump with LEDs instead of diode pumped solid state lasers that is beneficial in many ways including cost and ease of operation. So, what we said is that we have this 450 nanometer emitting LEDs that are used to build luminescent concentrators. So, let us before going further talk about what luminescent concentrators are. Once again this is not a very new idea. This idea has been around for a long time and it is a popular research topics for materials chemists, materials scientists. The idea is this you have a solar cell okay. In order to capture solar radiation what do you want? You want a large surface area is not it? But many times you also want to concentrate the solar cell you have captured. If you think of a more futuristic kind of applications we have a window right. Let us say I want my window I have big windows in a house I want these windows to act as solar cells which means the sunlight that falls on the windows I want to capture it and I want to utilize the energy. How will you do it? In the conventional design of solar cells if you put panels there then your window is going to become opaque right so is there a way of having a transparent window perhaps may be colored but transparent nevertheless but something that captures energy very efficiently and that will be nice in another way as well if the sunlight is completely absorbed and the energy is sent somewhere else then your room will remain cool okay that is the idea that is what has been utilized here. So the idea is this in case of solar concentration sunlight in case of the application we are talking about light from the LEDs comes from this direction. So this is your concentrator you place the LEDs here and there are several designs of LEDs I mean you have also seen right the value is coming during the value people use this long strings of LEDs and all but you also have the square LEDs right square LEDs are convenient because if you take something like a slide let us say okay microscope slide you can place the LEDs one by the other right and completely cover the surface. So now imagine a situation where you have something like a glass light will something like this on top you have LEDs facing downwards giving out light at the bottom you have LEDs facing upward so from both sides the light from the LEDs falls on the substance of which this block is slab is made of right now in this slab what you have is you have emitters emitters which absorb the LED light and in the ideal case scenario with quantum efficiency of one quantum yield of one emits a light as well in whatever their emission ranges okay then what will happen typically this medium in which the emitters are embedded that has a higher refractive index. So if higher refractive index here lower refractive index here then what will happen many times when light is emitted it is going to undergo total internal reflection right so that is what is shown here you see the squares what it means is at the junction you have an emitter or maybe here you have an emitter emitted light hits this wall then here then here so it goes in a zigzag fashion until it can go out from the side understand what I am saying so if total internal reflection is 100% this never 100% the design is very critical here but in this case in any case you are covering the surfaces by LEDs so if that if no emitted light is allowed to go out from this direction and let us say in this side I have polished it so it acts as a mirror then what will happen the only place from which the light can come out is this face okay so you have directional emission directional emission is once again a very important topic of research that has been going on for the last 7-8 years Lakovic among others has done a lot of work there in our own city in BRC Sarmishtha Datta Chaudhary works in that direction okay have you understood what is going on here so this is a very efficient way of concentrating the light the light is being captured on this surface and that surface and it is being emitted from much smaller surface so naturally it will get concentrated right so that is what is used to deliver a high dosage of light to anything that you keep on this side thus this is how a concentrator works are we clear and different people try different things organometallic complexes organic molecules nanoparticles that is these things are different choices for the emitters and what is the substrate going to be that is another question because ideally what you want is you want quantum efficiency of 1 the emitter should be such that it emits with quantum efficiency of 1 and also total reflection internal reflection should be the thing that if only 10% light gets total internally reflected then it is of no use okay this is how illumination concentrator works so the reason why I wanted to digress and talk about this is that this is really an important topic of current research anyway not only for people working in optics but more so for chemists most of the time chemists are working on things like this okay now let us come back so now you know what this is illumination concentrator now where will it emit it will emit in the region where the active component cerium yag emits and that is this big fat emission spectrum as we have said in the last module this emission spectrum has very strong overlap with the absorption of alexandrite so if you place it correctly and we will see how it is placed alexandrite will you can transfer all this energy to alexandrite and then the emission of alexandrite is stimulated emission from alexandrite is what is used to make the laser remember the laser we are going to we are talking about right now is not a pulse laser the CW laser in fact this application that is shown in this diagram there this alexandrite laser is used not as an oscillator but as an amplifier and since it is a an early report the Tysaphyl laser that is used as an oscillator you can use alexandrite as oscillator as well I am sure it is there or it will come very soon so you take the light out of this continuous with Tysaphyl laser and then see this design may be see this one at the bottom so this green thingy is your luminescent concentration concentrator okay and we say little will all the light will come out from one direction that is where the alexandrite rod is placed so it is very it is a beautiful design and the dimensions are such that the alexandrite rod completely covers that end so whatever light comes out of this luminescent concentrator has to be used to pump that alexandrite crystal that is there alexandrite rod that is there so that is a really nice design then it has been shown that it can act as an oscillator of course but here it is acting as an amplifier what kind of amplifier multi pass amplifier so you see this so light goes in it is reflected here comes here goes out and then it hits a mirror gets sent back this way it does many passes until it goes out after amplification okay this system is not there in the market but maybe when you set up your independent labs you are going to use things like this and I hope you understand that this also would lead to a significant amount of miniaturization compression of size okay now that being said let us not go home with the impression that you cannot make ultra first amplifiers with alexandrite in fact you can and as early as 1996 there have been reports once again you see squares name here square has done a lot of work in this direction so there what they did is 200 femtosecond pulses from ticep higher oscillator the amplified to millijoule level okay and then read the last line if you can this system also amplified femtosecond pulses from a frequency doubled rvm doped fiber laser so that is the other kind of laser we want to talk about we will get there this is the design you have ticep higher laser as the source it is not even shown here you have a stretcher you have a compressor here optical isolated is what separates the incoming and outgoing beam and here you see this pump laser is also alexandrite diode pump alexandrite laser so it is DPSS and the alexandrite rod is used as the gain medium in the amplifier and here you can see the auto correlation trace and that is I think if I remember correctly 300 femtosecond also okay now so that is what we wanted to say about alexandrite another class of lasers which has actually been marketed for a significant amount of time now is ultrafast fiber lasers we will not do a very thorough discussion but at least to get an idea about it you can read this review in nature photonics by Furman and Hartle you might have noticed that Furman also featured in the 1996 paper on alexandrite lasers now ultrafast fiber lasers are marketed by I think 40 companies now so it is not as uncommon as alexandrite even a alexandrite is not so uncommon but ultrafast fiber lasers are catching up peak time and one reason why you might want to use ultrafast fiber lasers is that is first of all they are compact you have a say 10 foot long fiber not 10 foot well let us say you have a 30 feet long fiber do you need a table that is 30 feet long to keep it right you can just coil it and keep it in a small box or even leave it on a table provided you do not have people in the lab who are going to go and hit it with a hammer or something right that is why it is very simple and also in the last 20 years I would say it is connecting fibers maintaining polarization fibers slicing fibers all this has become very easy nowadays you can buy a reasonably cheap accessories with which you can make all sorts of combinations of fibers so ultrafast fiber lasers are actually coming up in a big way now in these lasers you usually have two kinds of fibers one is you need an optical medium for that you have a small stretch of fiber usually you can have the entire fiber like that does not matter but usually you have a small stretch of fiber that is doped with something like a lanthanide ion that is your gain medium and then you have polarization maintaining fiber that makes up the cavity okay so I will show you one design there are many and this design is again from this 2012 paper and you will see the moment we go into fiber lasers our line of thinking is a continuation of what we have done so far for free space lasers but new things start coming in so here in this figure itself do you see the active media do you see the gain media yeah you want a different color YB fiber that is again medium dope fiber rest of it is just simple polarization maintaining fiber so this fiber works in two stages and you see where the difference comes first of all this gain medium fiber gain medium is pumped by 980 nanometer light and here you see there is a combination it is like railway tracks right one coming in and joining the other one this coupler that brings in a different wavelength of light is called WDM wavelength division multiplexer it can also be used to divide paths of two fiber of two kinds of light okay that pump light comes in and then pumps this YB fiber and initially you get CW operation they are isolated and all we do not have to talk about that here we see there is a 6040 coupler 6040 coupler means 60% of the light goes straight still CW 40% of the light enters this small loop what is there in the small loop it is sort of like it is amplification and this is not amplification maybe this is where mode locking takes place in the smaller loop once again you have a pump the 980 nanometer comes in and 1030 nanometer is the radiation the frequency of the wavelength of the light that you get out from this laser again you have this YB fiber it is pumped by this and then you get the output of this coming in here and in this loop you place a mode locking element the mode locking element that has been used here is called ANALM nonlinear amplifying loop mirror but I understand better because I do not know so much about fibers I understand better if I replace this by something like what we have discussed saturable absorber mirror remember saturable absorber mirrors first you have Bragg mirror where light goes in and comes out and when that happens mode locking is achieved because only light that is in phase survives everything else is eliminated and then we said that you put a quantum well in the in front you get a passive mode lock so you can put in something like that so mode lock light comes and joins the loop here and here you have an 80 20 coupler 20% goes out 80% goes back in the loop this way it is so you see the philosophy is the same but with some additional components okay and there are other designs as well so this is more or less what fiber lasers how fiber laser works and then just to complete the discussion without going into too much of detail you can in principle make an amplifier out of it and in fact all fiber amplifiers are marketed already by several companies now one thing that is very much there is that generally these optical fibers with which lasers have been made so far they all work very well in IR most of this fiber was made first of all for optical for this optical communication I remember sometimes you do not have internet because somebody has hacked the fiber underground so that is the telecommunication is why optical fibers became important so here also most of the lasers have been built upon similar same fibers so usually you get an IR laser and then it has to have sufficiently high power so that you can get a second harmonic, third harmonic, fourth harmonic to get visible light or if possible UV light in this design that we have shown all this is fiber but then to get a short pulse you have to use a bulk grating compressor so do not think that we have achieved a situation where it can be fiber and nothing else it is there but if you want good performance many times it is a combination of optical fibers and more conventional components like gratings or prism pairs so ultrafast fiber lasers are coming up big time and well companies market them of course would like to see them replaced isifier completely that has not happened so far but if it happens as we have discussed already there are several advantages perhaps you do not even need a very clean lab if optical fibers rule the roost one thing that I should say is this here there is an issue without using optical fibers if you want to make an ultrafast laser can somebody tell me what it is what do we have in the optical fiber is it free space then it is solid right something like glass yes dispersion is a very major problem so that is why you do not see a stretcher anywhere when you use an optical fiber your the pulse is stretched anyway stretching is not a problem so you have to compress it compression is a more important thing that is why see for compression they have used a grating it is not so easy to do it otherwise so it is on the face of it it might seem to be a disadvantage because it gets stretched but as we know if you are going to do chirp pulse amplification we have to stretch the pulse anyway so actually it turns out to be not such a bad thing after all okay so what we have done in this module and the last one is a very very preliminary discussion of ultrafast lasers and in one case CW laser beyond ties a fire this is not even the beginning if you want to really learn about these systems there is no dearth of papers no dearth of manuals no dearth of material on the web be my guest but the purpose of the course will stop the discussion here and then we are going to next talk about what we have in our lab.