Good afternoon and welcome. My name is Valerie Jordan, and I am a member of the North Carolina Board of Transportation, and I represent this county and the county of the Division of Fine. It is a great to see each and every one of you again welcome as we dedicate a portion of Interstate 85 from Colmville Road to U.S. 70 bypass to the John Cole Franklin Highway. This is truly a very special occasion. Dr. Franklin made such significant impact for North Carolina and the people that live in it. And because of that, this is the reason why you're here today and the amount of folks that's joining us today. We are honored to have Governor Roy Cooper here today. Mayor Bill Bailey, Secretary Fox is here with us today. Now with that being said, we also have some of our elected officials here this morning from various cities, towns and counties. And I would like for each of those individuals to please stand and be recognized. We nominate those guests as well. University of Hopel Jazz Ensemble. Are we ready for the presentation of the Doctor of the Colors? Officer! Proceed! Hopel Jazz Ensemble, today we'll be performing our edition of the National Anthem and the Black National Anthem. We ask that you please stand. That of our faith tradition here in our city. Those with faith and those with no faith. So we offer this prayer in recognition of that richness of our culture here in the Durham. Let us pray. God of Moses, the law giver. God of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. God of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. God of all creation. We ask that you would be pleased with what we do here today. That your spirit and justice of love and inclusion might animate this day. We thank you for the powerful act of remembering and for the sacred act of naming. And as we gather today to name a section of our highway after our son, our brother, our leader, the Eminent John Hope Franklin. May our naming remind us of the importance of each of our names and each of our stories. Come now. Lighten this room with your presence that we may go out and lighten the world. It is in your name we pray and give thanks. Amen. I introduce our first speaker, former United States Secretary of Transportation Anthony Fox. Mr. Fox served as United States Secretary of Transportation from 2013 to 2017. Previously, he served as the Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina from 2009 to 2013. He was first elected to the City Council in 2005. Upon his 2009 Mayor victory, he became the youngest Mayor of Charlotte and is the second African American Mayor. Mr. Fox is also the one who requested the designation for today of the Dr. John H. Franklin Highway. And I can say without a doubt the community here thanks you, sir, and everyone who requested this dedication. Mr. Fox, if you would please join me. He's going to begin our remarks. Good afternoon. It's great to be here today. I was actually not supposed to be here today. And I want to thank the planners for making room for a spontaneous show-off, we call it, in politics. But I had to be here today. This has been a team effort. And I can tell you that from the Governor of North Carolina, my good friend Roy Cooper, who enthusiastically embraced this idea of what I call them about it in the waning days of the Obama Administration, to Congressman Butterfield, to Mayor Bell, to the City Council here at Durham, everyone has played a role in this naming. But I want to give you just a little bit of context for why it occurred to me. I grew up in a neighborhood that was bifurcated by freeways. And as I learned about the history of our interstate system, I understood that, while it is one of the most robust economic development tools we have in our country, it's also something that, divided into some cases, eliminated neighborhoods. And as we looked at the history of it, more than two-thirds of the communities that were decimated by the highway's construction were poor and minority communities. And yet, when you go down our freeways across this country, very few African-American names appear on those freeways. And when we think about John Hope Franklin, someone who really carved out African-American history as a discipline and who helped us understand the significance of African-American history in the greater context of our American society, there could be no better person to highlight and to hold up. As an example, not just of someone who was a great intellectual, a great leader, but someone who had something incredibly important to say to us about the future. And at this time, when we see examples of Charlottesville and examples of Ferguson and Baltimore and even Shaw, it's a time for us to begin to reflect on the fact that whether you live in rural North Carolina or urban North Carolina, whether you're white or black, which four Native American, Asian, Latino, we are all here together and we're not going anywhere. So it's with great heart that I sit here and I look forward to hearing from the other speakers. But I just would like to also add that as we commemorate today, we need to support groups like Asala, a group that John H. Franklin started, that is now looking to increase the number of monuments and dedications to African-Americans. We also need to think about women on our highways who are underrepresented. So let this be the beginning of a new effort to recognize all of North Carolina on our byways and highways. Thank you. Please have Congressman G. K. Bodefield from District 1 to please join us. Congressman is so that I can get on a 225 plane this afternoon and to go back and see if we can stop some of these tax cuts that are going to be enacted over the next few weeks. But thank you, Valerie Jordan, for your leadership. Thank you for the great work that you do to the Department of Transportation. To my 30th plus year friend, Governor Roy Cooper, thank you for your leadership, sir. You should know that Governor Cooper has assembled probably the most diverse team in North Carolina history. To the mayor, I guess soon to be former mayor of the city of Durham, Mayor Bill Bell, and to the other state, county, and city officials, Secretary Fox, thank you for your work, ladies and gentlemen. It is my honor to have a very small part in this program today. Not just to honor a great African American, but to honor a great American. A man who did so much, so much for our hearts say that I had a personal friendship or relationship with Dr. John Luke Franklin. That was my loss. I did sit with him on an airplane one day between Roland Durham and Washington National Airport and it seemed like the flight lasted for five minutes because he talked the entire way and we sat together and he told me about the indignities that he experienced in Oklahoma when he was growing up years ago. He told me, Secretary Fox, about how he and his mother were ejected from a train when he was growing up as a child and when he moved to Tulsa, how that same incident repeated itself again. And so we've come today to honor a great American and it's my joy to have a part in the program. One thing about Dr. John Luke Franklin is that he knew what lane to stay in. He knew his strengths and I presume that he knew his weaknesses. He knew that his strength was intellectual. His strength was education. His strength was imparting knowledge to people who are uninformed and so he spent his life in imparting knowledge to America. And so on behalf of the 700,000 plus citizens of the First Congressional District, we want to thank Secretary Fox for his extraordinary leadership in getting this started. And Secretary Fox and I won't speak now when he was Secretary of DOT. We didn't tell a lot of people that but we talked often and I remember him telling me that one day one of his last achievements that he wanted to accomplish was to get this done and he has made it happen. The Governor of North Carolina embraced it. His Department of Transportation embraced it and here we are today. So thank you all of you who have a role to play in this event. Please hand me our city of Durham, William Bale. The Congressional Blood Field. Who are you? Secretary Fox and other distinguished participants on the platform and all of you that are in the audience. It's an honor to welcome you to the city of Durham. And it's always an honor to have an opportunity to be here at H.I. And we hear Secretary Fox talk about the impact that United States and how we have had in communities. So I think it's very fitting that we hold this dedication here at the H.I. Heritage Center. Certainly one of the communities that was impacted by an interstate highway, not an interstate, not 147. And I'm going to first thank Commissioner Wallace who's in the City Manager's Office for pulling the city together in trying to make this happen. I know Commissioner has worked with NCDOT. She's worked with the Franklin family very hard in trying to make this come together. And I want to applaud her for that. I also want to thank Reginald Johnson who's with the CDC Community Development Department in the city. Reggie may not know as chairman of H.I. Heritage Center and certainly working with Angela Bryan to make this facility available for us here today. As you have many speakers that are going to talk to you, I'm sure they're going to share some of their experiences with Dr. John Franklin. And obviously I met Dr. Franklin early on in the 70s when I was first running for the Durham Board of County Commissioners. I met him through a very dear friend of mine who's now deceased, Dr. Jacqueline Johnson who actually worked with one of the faculty at Duke University. And he introduced me to Dr. Franklin in hopes that he might be supported for my campaign for kind of commissions. And he was. But I soon kind of got to know him a little bit better whether he was seeing him at Dillard's where he's eating fish and chicken at Dillard's Barbecue with his friend Dr. Walton Brown. Whether it was at a relay meeting when he was regaling us with some of the stories and tales about the things that had happened during the course of his lifetime. Or whether it was at his home when he was demonstrating off his vast orchid that he had been involved in. So the one thing I can say about him from my experience is that he seemed to be the same no matter where he was. When he was eating in a environment where he was extolling some of the things he was involved in or whether he was just being simply a Donald Franklin man on the street, a man of the people. And finally I want to say to the Franklin family, while we know he was your father, John Franklin, and Karen, your father-in-law and other members of the Franklin family, we are there and consider them to be ours also. So we are honored that you allowed us to be a part of this ceremony, dedicating this highway to here but more importantly, to have been a part of our life here in Durham for that good, forever grateful. Thank you. I also want to say to those of you in the audience I'm not as eloquent as the congressman or the secretary or our mayor so just bear with me because I prepared my comments. So to our state, local and university officials and family and friends of Dr. Franklin I want to say good afternoon. What a great honor for Durham to name an important transportation corridor for a great historian, activist and scholar Dr. John Hope Franklin. Here today I continue to be awed by the fact that Dr. John Hope Franklin maintained a special connection to Durham throughout his historic academic career. I've always known that he taught at North Carolina Century University quite early in his career but more recently I came to understand that he was personally hired by Dr. James E. Shepherd, the founder of that great institution and after building an unmatched scholarly and academic reputation in this country and abroad Dr. John Hope Franklin returned to Durham in 1983 specifically to Duke University where he was appointed the James B. Duke Professor of History and as we know during that time he wrote, lectured and led important projects and initiatives in areas including race, racial reconciliation, ethics, democracy and more. I had the great pleasure of getting to know John Hope Franklin through my membership in Sigma Pi Phi, a national fraternity that has leadership, education and civic responsibility as a part of its core mission. I was honored to regularly hear his reflections on the important milestones of his career and this man who walked with kings was so down to earth, literally he was as comfortable on the national stage as he was in his greenhouse attending his beloved Orchid Collection. We all remember how much he loved Orchids. Truly, John Hope was a Renaissance man in my opinion. As I close, let me offer my thanks to the Department of Transportation and the Board and other officials for making today possible and for helping to keep the name and legacy of Dr. John Hope Franklin in the fabric of Durham for generations to come. Thank you. I think or I would like to invite to the stage is Senator Floyd B. McKesson Jr. He is the Senior Deputy Director and Leader of the North Carolina General Assembly. Good to be here on this podium with so many distinguished guests today. Governor Cooper, thank you for all that you do for our city. Secretary Fox, thank you for initiating this concept and bestowing this unique privilege and honor because it's one that's so well earned and deserved. And thank you, Mayor Bell, for all of the debt taken to service that you have given to Durham. Next Monday night, you'll no longer be our mayor officially, but for all of us who know the leadership that you have provided to member of the county commissioners and as our mayor, going back now to my country, about 2002, I just want to thank you. All of you, for all of you that are here today, thank you for coming out because this is an important significant occasion. It could occur at no more fitting and appropriate place than this very venue. This was the heartbeat in the center and so rightfully so. If you lived through the 50s, if you lived through the 60s, you'd know St. Joseph was the place where all the civil rights leaders came. This podium is where they stood. This podium is where they spoke and I'm not sure if the people would have been busses to go out and desegregate all the facilities in this community. So no more fitting place could this particular ceremony occur. When I think back to John Holt Franklin, I think back when I first met him through my dad. My dad was very active. Many of you know the Civil Rights Movement, but he started a center called the North Carolina Center for the Study of Black History. John Holt Franklin was a member of that board of directors. And one of the things that we actually worked on was a archive of the records of people from here in North Carolina. And that archive was actually kept in the antics of this very building down at the lower level for about seven or eight years until many of those records, including my dad's records, were transferred over to UNC Chapel Hill. It was that very commitment to preserving and understanding black history that John Holt Franklin was about. I can remember meeting with him on many occasions, probably about once a quarter, right over here in this very building, in that antics way we worked on programming, dealing with preparing the next generation for leaders here, mentoring programs that brought students in to North Carolina Central University's campus in the summer months, and exposed those kids for about three weeks to all that they needed to know to understand when it came to politics, to bring in a whole cadre of leaders to expose them to what they could become, but more importantly, to open up their minds to opportunities otherwise they would never have. That's what John Holt Franklin was about. That's part of that legacy that many people don't even know about. But it's part of the legacy that is very much a part of what he was involved in. I think back to the times when I met with him outside of those meetings right here in St. Joseph, but over in a home of a gentleman by the name of Dr. Darrell LeMont Roberts. So you might remember Dr. Roberts. He was a professor over at Duke University for quite some time before he went on to Tuskegee where he headed up the political science department, but had it not been, had it not been for John Holt Franklin, Dr. Roberts would have never come to Durham. Had it not been for John Holt Franklin's Skipper Gates would have never come to Durham and worked over at Duke before going on to Harvard, he brought that quality of tech to our community, that type of inspired leadership. If I think back to those times of sitting at Dr. Roberts' home and the knowledge that you could just gain from sitting there talking for hours with the three of them, it was enormous. But Dr. Franklin was somebody who was fitting and appropriate for the time. He was intelligent. He was persuasive. He was direct. But most importantly, you know where he stood at the end of the conversation. But he could use that gentleness of persuasion, that gentleness of influence to make a remarkable and impressionable point whatever it may happen to be. Somebody had opened up doors. He was so good and so crafted at that skill set that President Clinton appointed him to take charge of the commission with dealing with racial reconciliation in America. And if there's ever a time where we need it to bring Dr. Franklin back today to do a reconciliation, it is now. At least right now we could really use that skill set with what's going on in our country and the divisiveness that has re-emerged within the last year or so because it's now open to do so because it gets the blessings to the very top within our country. Dr. Franklin, wherever you may be today if you could get enlightened souls to harvest the imagination of those of us that are here to inspire us to carry on your legacy. But more importantly to build upon those values that were intrinsic within you to help us to carry on that mission that you started you blazed the pathway you charted the course we only need to follow. Thank you for all you did this brawner and recognition of this highway is fitting, it's appropriate, it's well overdue but more importantly it's along the pathways and they see that name and they may not know it maybe they'll go back and study it maybe they'll understand his contributions but more importantly maybe each and every one of us can help continue that legacy whatever small way we can. Thank you. Thank you Senator. Now I would like to invite Dr. Everett B. Moore he's the general president of St. Augustine course to our Governor Governor Cooper into Mayor Bell and to Secretary Fox and all a symbol on the day good afternoon to the audience good afternoon. On behalf of St. Augustine's University it is indeed an honor to be here with you today as we commemorate the legacy of a great mentor and friend Dr. John Hope Franklin. Dr. Franklin served St. Augustine's with a noble distinction as a professor of history nearly 70 years ago during that critical period in American history Dr. Franklin motivated his students and his colleagues to excel beyond traditional limitations after learning of his doctoral requirements and the subsequent awarding of the PhD degree from Harvard University Dr. Franklin was advised by then St. Augustine's University President Edgar Gould to guard his professional actions towards colleagues that have limited educational attainment. However, very fortunately for all of us Dr. Franklin was driven internally by his own words Dr. Franklin once stated and I quote if the house is to be set in order one cannot begin with the present he must begin with the past Dr. Franklin dedicated his life to beginning with the past to ensure that American history reflected the enormous contributions of African-American citizens. Today as the 11th president of St. Augustine's University celebrating the 150th anniversary of the founding of St. Augustine's University, I know firsthand as a former student of St. Augustine's the benefit of Dr. Franklin's intellectual resolve. One of my most cherished treasures is my fifth edition John from Slavery to Freedom a history of Negro Americans I use this as a student at St. Augustine's University and here we are 70 years later after the first publication dated September the 22nd 1947 St. Augustine's University students are today using the book from Slavery to Freedom that deserves a round of applause and I was in a history class just two weeks ago talking with students and a professor it was John Hope Franklin's from Slavery to Freedom book that they were using his resolve and his determination is what we celebrate today and I can say without a doubt his publication The Free Negro of North Carolina has a direct benefit to me because it was in that publication that he recognized my great-great-grandfather so for this president John Hope Franklin was a mentor and indeed a great brother and his has already been said his genuine commitment to a new generation and as the 35th general president of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity I can tell you the countless days that we would be together at conventions and he would always find time to mentor the young Alphas as we prepare our way and I close with the true story of John Hope Franklin at one of our general conventions we honored John Hope and he brought his books and we were there to sign books he signed autographed books for us and I had my first edition of From Slavery to Freedom 1947 that my great-uncle passed on to meet John and your father said can I buy that book from you and I said Dr. Franklin I love you as a brother but you cannot have my book Say Powell, the Dean of Humanities and John Spencer Bassett Professor of Art and Art History at Duke University Dr. Powell The social significance and symbolism of the highway for African Americans did not evade Professor John Hope Franklin's scholarly purview from his pioneering research on the extreme chances enslaved women and men took as they embarked down southern U.S. roadways to escape slavery and liberate themselves to his careful documentation of the pivotal role highway transportation played in the mid 20th century struggle African Americans experienced for public accommodations Professor John Hope Franklin was keenly aware of the American highway as a site of contestation and liberatory possibilities for black Americans for Professor Franklin the road was not a hallucinatory Jack Kerouac beat generation metaphor for freedom it was the African Americans conduit to a new life to reestablish bonds of affection to economic prosperity and to finding a way out of no way and yet Professor Franklin would have also appreciated the poets of roads freeways and interstate routes especially in the narratives and musical expressions of black folk while teaching at St. Augustine's College from 1939 to 1943 and from 1943 to 1947 teaching at North Carolina Central University Professor Franklin would have traversed the roads and highways between Raleigh Durham and Goldsboro the latter his wife Aurelia Whittington Franklin's hometown the witnessed firsthand the new and decrepit automobiles the overloaded trucks the Jim Crow buses and the mule and horse and oxen drawn wagons carrying people in produce throughout North Carolina's Piedmont region toiling away in the segregated section of the North Carolina State Archives in the late 1930s and early 1940s Professor Franklin might have paused while conducting research for the free Negro in North Carolina to listen to one of the many itinerant blues musicians playing on Raleigh's street corners in those years one of the frequently performed songs keys to the highway perfectly captured African-American feelings concerning the accessibility and openness that major roadways their affairs offered I got the key to the highway build out and bound to go I'm going to leave here running because walking is too much slow when the moon creeps over the mountain honey I'll be on my way I'm going to walk this highway until the break of day well so long, so long baby I must say goodbye I'm going to roam this highway until the day I die literally blocks away from Durham's tobacco warehouses and cotton mills where these blues musicians also practiced their characteristic art form Professor John Paul Franklin ensconced in his North Carolina Central University offices in the mid 1940s could not have avoided the harmonic strands of a Piedmont blues soundtrack while completing his canonical from slavery to freedom who could have imagined in 1947 the year Professor Franklin completed his African-American Chronicle that 70 years later we return to the neighborhood of that book's genesis to celebrate the renaming of a section of Interstate 85 in his honor on behalf of my Duke University colleagues the students at Duke and North Carolina Central Universities as well as the greater research and the single academic community I applaud the state of North Carolina for recognizing, via this tribute Professor John Paul Franklin's amazing important contributions to our state to our country and to humanity at large, thank you Gail Faulkner Hudson who's the executive director of the Durham Literacy Center the executive director of the Durham Literacy Center who was sick this morning and she's even sicker that she can't be here because she really wanted to and was so inspired by Dr. Franklin I also want to thank Mayor Bale for allowing us as the Durham Literacy Center to be represented today because it's very important to us to honor Dr. Franklin because he's so honored us I'm wearing this tiny little orchid today and I want to say that you mentioned that because he did, although he walked with giants and kings, he was a gentle giant and as he grew his orchids, it took such a tender touch which one time on the board he compared that to literacy that it takes a giant of knowledge and of patience to teach someone to be literate but it also takes a tender touch to take that individual and love and care about that individual and he indeed did that on a personal level I'm a North Carolinian and I've been in Durham since I was a tiny little kid and my father was given bestowed the Order of the Longleaf Pine and I had heard about it but I didn't think too much about it and I just thought he was given that for his work in equal rights and civil rights and then one day when I found out that Dr. Franklin had been given the Order of the Longleaf Pine it suddenly became very, very important and I thought about my father and how my father was honored to be in some way at the table with a giant like Dr. Franklin and how wonderful that they shared this honor and in many ways I hope today that although very different in race one white, one black they're together somewhere and talking about what they had in common with their dream, their intent and their spirit Dr. Franklin was so good to the Durham Literacy Center he believed in literacy he served on our board until he passed and he shared with us such support in his community thoughts, his involvement and he made this speech, it was a commencement speech at Duke and it so beautifully stated about a story in his life pertaining to literacy that I would love to read it to you right now Dr. Franklin said one of the most rewarding experiences you can possibly have is to guide a child or an adult to learn to read and write I had that experience when I was 20 years old it was during my first year as a graduate student one evening during my first month in Cambridge a man, twice my age wrapped at my door softly and I invited him in he said he needed help in making out a letter he said that he couldn't read it because the handwriting was so poor and could I please read the letter to him well, when I took the letter to do that I saw it was very well written, easily understandable and I wondered who had been helping him to read when I completed the task of reading the letter to my visitor I suggested that it would be good if he and I could work together and brush up on his reading he protested and he said oh you'll have the time to mess with me I told him I would take the time if he would come to my room at 5 o'clock each night for the next 8 months well he did and we worked together 6 days a week and by the end of the term I knew nothing about English I who knew nothing about teaching English had transformed a person from literacy, from illiteracy to one who could read and write simple sentences 2 days before I received my master of arts degree my student for the first time in his whole life wrote a letter to his family in Virginia during that week I graduated I read a letter from this man, this older man who had written a letter to me it was this experience more than any other that inspired me to dedicate myself to the educational enterprise this story is amazing but it's not surprising Dr. Franklin was such a remarkable man to take the time to teach, to work with this individual and change this individual's life as he brought literacy into his life we are so excited to think that a portion of our highway will represent Dr. Franklin and will remind those who travel there of our community and our society and how it has been touched by his grace, his kindness and his concern here is one last quote shared with us one night on the board and this is what he said I think that literacy is a fundamental characteristic of any society if you are not literate you cannot function effectively and successfully in our society or any society thank you so much for letting me share from the highway I do want to acknowledge one of our distinguished guests Dr. Atkin Levy would please stand he is our chancellor from North Carolina and keynote speaker and to him, to me, he's my governor, he's your governor he's the governor of this great state of North Carolina would please stand everyone and give a round of applause for our governor thank you to the family of Dr. Franklin honoring us with your presence Secretary Fox, thank you and Valerie and the team of the Department of Transportation Secretary Jim Trocken we have David Howard and Al Kossman and Michael Fox thank you for doing this I'm grateful for this great Durham legislative delegation that you sent to work with me in Raleigh the dean of your delegation, Niki Michaud who is here along with representatives Marsha Mori and Representative Mary Ann Black Senator McKissick and Senator Mike Woodard thank you for what you do and I want to thank you for inviting me to honor this man who has done so much to improve our state and a man who has really laid the groundwork for the mission that I have for our state that mission is at the end of my term as governor I want to know with Carolina whether people are better educated whether they're healthier whether they have more money in their pockets and they have the opportunities to live a more abundant and purposeful life that's what I want that's my mission state and I want to before I say a few words about Dr. Franklin in this dedication I do want to thank someone who has worked tirelessly for this city and our state the mayor for the last 16 years on the board of Carolina commissioners he's guided during a remarkable period where it has become a center for education medicine technology arts and culture and more I know it's been done before but I want you to join me in thanking Mayor Bill Bell to see so many people gathered today for this highway dedication there are some truly great leaders not only on this stage but out in the audience and most all of them would tell you that in some way Dr. John Franklin has had an effect on their lives whether through knowing him or through his writings a lifetime dedicated to the betterment of others takes true passion selflessness determination it's really rare to come across an individual so willing to give of themselves over to that kind of service and even more rare to have that kind of service performed by someone with such skill talent in great intellectual capacity it's that kind of person that we honor today with this highway dedication Dr. John Hope Franklin I think as a result of the work of Dr. Franklin the America that we live in today is a different place from the one into which he was born in 1915 growing up in the Jim Crow South Dr. Franklin saw his first hand and felt personally the horrors of racism as a young child he saw Tulsa Oklahoma's Black Neighborhood's burn in the 1921 Tulsa riots and he saw people killed as he grew up and became a student of history he saw how racism throughout history affects how we think today Dr. Franklin spent his life showing us that we must not look away from these ugly truths that we should remember them with un-fledging honesty and confront them head on that we should learn from them Dr. Franklin elevated the experiences of black Americans into the fabric of our American society he worked tirelessly to turn them into real change and he did Dr. Franklin knew the difference between history and advocacy as a scholar he kept them separate but he also knew that the knowledge of history could be the catalyst for advocacy in other words he knew that education inspires change in 1954 Dr. Franklin helped Thurgood Marshall's team of lawyers form an argument that the racist history of our country was essential to Jim Crow laws leading to the Brown versus Board of Education decision that began creating our schools and throughout his career and with his writings Dr. Franklin defined the historical background of the civil rights movement illuminating a path forward toward a brighter future for millions of Americans he worked personally with the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and other civil rights leaders he consulted with presidents and numerous honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and over a hundred honorary degrees Durham and the entire state of North Carolina were blessed to become Dr. Franklin's home later in life Dr. Franklin taught lead and broke barriers as an academic at Harvard and the University of Chicago and at other academic institutions around the world Dr. Franklin was extremely proud of the work that he did right here at St. Augustine's at North Carolina Central University and at Duke University here in Durham His work forging an unbreakable bond between history and advocacy has helped change the fight against racism Dr. Franklin knew that the wide gap between the promise of American freedom and the reality faced by so many couldn't be bridged by history alone he knew advocates and policy makers had to use that knowledge of history in the right ways and he wielded history as a tool to as he put it present the case for change in keeping with the express purpose of attaining the promise goals of equality for all people Dr. Franklin taught us that only through better understanding of the past can we hope to create the change we wish to see today and tomorrow we can't forget that lesson and with the divided world that we live in today generations are as valuable and maybe even more valuable than they ever were today we dedicate this highway to Dr. Franklin to honor the life he lived and to remind ourselves and future generations of the value of our whole history the history of all of us and as we ride by and we see this road sign I hope I hope you will pause and think about the history that we ourselves we ourselves are making right now and that we need to do it right we must work diligently to learn from our past both the good and the bad the unsanitized and the unvarnished and we must turn what we learn into positive actions actions that work to assure of North Carolina that as Dr. John H. Franklin would have wanted of North Carolina that works for everyone thank you very much thank you so much Governor Cooper thank you for the day who will begin with our closing remarks is Dr. Franklin's son John W. Franklin don't you please join us in and I'd like to thank all of those involved in making this possible but first I must thank Secretary Fox for helping create another sign in Washington actually when I first met Secretary I said to him we have hidden history here in Washington DC which was a seat and center of the domestic slave trade and there's no signage in the city to tell our visitors our employees about that history and you control land as Secretary of Transportation we're two slave pens sat in Washington across from the Smithsonian Castle I gave him the evidence and then we wrote, designed, fabricated and had those signs installed right on Independence Avenue I thank you for that the Secretary unveiled those signs as I was speaking across the street for former Attorney General Loretta Lynch on Martin Luther King's Holiday my maternal grandmother Bertha Kincaid and her sister Ethel first arrived in the I-85 corridor at the turn of the last century as daughters of Bishop A.M.E. Zion Bishop Kincaid when they arrived at Livingston College Grand Pop Samuel W. Wittington I'm John Wittington friend from Buford was a postal clerk in the railroad in Goldsboro and married my grandmother in 1931 my parents met at Fisk Aurelia from Goldsboro and John Hope from Tulsa John Hope Franklin first came to Raleigh in 1937 to do research at the State Archives on the Free Negro in North Carolina before the Civil War but you see when he arrived there and some of you've heard this story up before so forgive me when he arrived at the State Archives from Cambridge Massachusetts they said we're not ready to receive you they had not had African American researchers in the State Archives and they said can you come back in a week my father said no no no I'm a graduate student I have to do my work as soon as possible so he returned and my father always said that segregation was adaptive and flexible three days later he arrived and they showed him to his private office with a table a desk a chair a waste basket a pencil, a cart and a key to the stacks because they were not going to have white staff fetching materials for an African American gentleman so he was very happy he took his cart rolled it through the reading room all the white researchers stopped them and looked at what was happening here he got to the door to the stacks put his key in turned it, rolled his car in came out a little later with a cart stacked of materials that he needed to do his research when he returned the next day of course the white researchers had requested keys to the stacks claiming that my father had unfair invent so my parents married in Goldsboro in 1940 while dad was teaching at Saint Augustine's then at North Carolina Central and my mother was the law librarian here at North Carolina Central dad also left occasion to teach at Bennett so he's going up and down what was to become the I-85 corridor living just blocks from here off the Fayetteville he wrote From Slavery to Freedom and Miles Mark Fisher would go to sleep hearing his father typing the Negro slave songs book and my father echoing him typing the next set of From Slavery to Freedom I appeared on the scene in 1952 while dad was teaching at Howard and my mother was a librarian at Prince George's College when we would leave Washington DC for Goldsboro I knew that when I saw the statue of Iwo Jima it meant no more bathrooms no more restaurants until we got to our friend Bob and Ella Clark's home at Virginia State in Petersburg at the North Carolina border a sign said Ku Klux Klan welcomes you to North Carolina now this is when we were going on highway 301 301 was stop and go traffic with stop lights stop lights so I want you to understand that coming here was a slow process there were no industries then we would stop in Petersburg and see the Clarks it would be to see Miss Alice Jones for the next respite break in Raleigh and then to 306 James Street it was a real relief when Highway 70 was built and when the interstate system you know about the problems but when I-40 and I-85 were built it made travel so much easier for all of us even though it changed the landscape of North Carolina now my parents moved to Chicago moved to New York, Chicago and then the winter of Chicago the winter of Chicago was scared that right back to North Carolina and when my parents moved the orchids moved my grandmother here back to Durham I thought I remembered a story a conversation he had with a professor when he was teaching here in the 40s he was in one of the libraries and ran into a white professor who said to Dad I just said you're against segregation my father said oh I'm most deaf my father was then told he said well if segregation ends you'll be out of the job because the college schools are closed my father said quite to the contrary when segregation ends your job will be up for granted so he accepted Duke's offer to teach at the history department and later in the law school and here my mother loved being here loved Durham loved the institutions and the city and I thank you all for honoring him today can we give him another round of applause before we unveil the sign I'd like to thank you all again for being here today as we recognize the tremendous contributions of Dr. Franklin I'd also like to thank everyone who helped make this event possible now as we're going to do is we're going to conclude today's ceremony but before we conclude if Mayor Howard Lee could you please stand and he is the former mayor of Chicago so we're going to conclude today's ceremony with the reading of the resolution of the highway sign that will be placed on the portion of Interstate 85 U.S. 70 bypass and again it will be known as the Dr. John H. Franklin highway so I am going to read the resolution and that we pass with North Carolina Board of NC DOT it states whereas Dr. John Hope Franklin was born on January 2nd 1915 to attorney Bruce Charles Colbert Franklin and Molly Parker Franklin in Oklahoma and whereas Dr. Franklin graduated from Rooker T. Washington High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma and then from Frisk University a historically black university in Nashville, Tennessee in 1955 Dr. Franklin earned a master's degree in 1936 and a doctorate in history in 1941 from Harvard University and whereas Dr. Franklin's career includes working alongside Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund that led to the United States Supreme Court brewing in 1954 that the legal separation of black and white children in public schools were unconstitutional leading to integration of schools and whereas Dr. Franklin's teaching career began at Fisk University and he went on to teach at St. Augustine's College the North Carolina College for Negroes now a North Carolina Central University Howard University Brooklyn College University of Chicago and the University of Cambridge and whereas Dr. Franklin was appointed as the James B. Duke Professor of History at Duke University in 1983 in 1985 he took status from his position during that same time he helped to establish the Durham Literacy Center and serve on its board until 2009 Dr. Franklin was also a professor of legal history at Duke University's Law School from 1985 to 1992 and whereas Dr. Franklin was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity the Organization of American Historians the American Historical Association and the Southern Historical Association and whereas the John Cook Franklin Research Center for African and African American History and Culture resides at Duke University's this is also a part of their manuscript library and contains his personal and professional papers the other academic unit named after Dr. Franklin at Duke University of the John Cook Franklin Center for International Studies and the Franklin Humanities Institute and whereas Dr. Franklin was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom the nation's highest civilian honor and the Order of the Lonely Pine the state's highest honor awarded to persons for his exemplary service to the state of North Carolina and the local community and whereas former United States Secretary Anthony R. Fox requested that this destination of the Dr. John Cook Franklin Highway and whereas the city of the Durham City Council requested to designate a portion of Interstate 85 from Coal Mill Road to U.S. 70 Biopass as the Dr. John Cook Franklin Highway now therefore be it resolved that the North Carolina Board of Transportation names a portion of Interstate 85 from Coal Mill Road to U.S. 70 Biopass as the John H. Franklin Highway this appropriate signs will be erected at a suitable time well not so suitable but because we're about to actually do that so Joey is our division engineer by the way and he's going to help us with that so Joey I need your help so with that being said well Dr. Franklin's family Governor Cooper, Mayor Bill Bell and all of our guest speakers join me as we unveil the sign well it seems to me when everyone gets to Durham is go slowly we're going to have if you're able it's not a hardship would you please stand we go now oh lord inspired by the life and legacy of John Cook Franklin and as we travel up and down this highway named for him this beloved son may we be reminded that as we come we all have a history but as we go may we be reminded that we need not be constrained by it let us go like our son did live learn and share


Hello and welcome to this session in which we would look at transfer prices. I'm gonna be explaining transfer prices from the concept of performance measurement rather than tax perspective. I do have the tax perspective in my international accounting course. So if you are looking for transfer prices as it affect the tax, please Google or YouTube far hat transfer tax and you will find my lecture. The reason we're doing transfer taxes is because in the prior session we looked at decentralization in a company and when a company is decentralized what's gonna happen is each division will be judged based on return on investments, economic value added and residual income. So transfer prices is important because when one division sells to another division the selling price of division A will be the cost of division B. So that's why it's gonna affect their performance measurement and this is how I'm gonna be explaining transfer prices. Now before I start I would like to remind you that if you are an accounting student or a CPA candidate please check out my website farhatlectures.com for additional resources especially if you're studying for your CPA exam. This topic is covered on the CPA exam. I don't replace your CPA prep course. I don't replace your CPA review course whether you're taken back or Roger Guileague-Lime or any other course. I can be a useful addition. I can be that vitamin, that supplement that's gonna add 10 to 15 points to your exam because I do explain the materials in details. I don't assume any prior knowledge. And basically my offer to you is this, are you willing to try my system for $30 a month for just to try it to see if you could improve your grade on the CPA exam. Simply put your risk is $30. Your potential gain is passing the exam. Simply put your potential gain is unlimited if you want to quantify it. And you don't have to invest thousands of dollars with my course, you try it, $30. You like it, you keep it for the next month. You don't, you cancel, life goes on. And if not for anything check out my website to determine how well your university is doing on the CPA exam. This is a list of all the courses that I cover. Please link with me on LinkedIn if you haven't done so check out my LinkedIn recommendation to see how students use my system to pass the CPA exam. Please like this recording and share it with others on YouTube, connect with me on Instagram and Facebook. So let's go back to transfer prices and what's the issue with transfer prices? Again, as we said, we might have various divisions that they sell to each other. And as a result, we might have what we called agency problem where internal prices between divisions are set to benefit the managers of the division rather than the company as a whole. What does that mean? It means the manager is making decision based on prices to benefit themselves, not the firm. This is what basically agency problem is. So part of transfer, transfer prices, it could amount to an agency problem. So simply put, we're gonna be working with the selling division. And when the selling division sells, they record the transaction as if they sold it to an external customer, let's assume they're selling milk, we have farmers and they're selling to another division in the company where they produce the cheese. So they need the milk to produce the cheese. So those are the two divisions that we are dealing with in this example. And when they purchase from the milk division, they record the transaction as if they purchase the items from an external supplier. Although both of these companies are under the umbrella of one parent company. So this is where transfer prices occur. They are in the same under the same umbrella. Now transfer, so what is a transfer price? Simply put, the transfer price is the price that the milk division charges to the cheese division. They have to assign a value to the goods and services. Simply put, if they don't assign a value, let's assume they give it to them at cost, then the milk division would no longer be considered a profit center, it will be considered a cost center. Then it will be evaluated differently. We are assuming that the milk division is a profit center. This means they produce revenues and they incur expenses. Therefore, when they sell to the cheese division, that is an expense for them. That's a cost of goods sold. So it's the amount used by each division to record the event. Now why is this important? Why? Because if we are saying the milk and the cheese division, they belong to the same company. So why do we care about transfer prices? Because at the end of the day, what we care about is the whole company overall. Well, if we are a profit division, we have to make decisions about revenues and expenses. We have to cost the product. How much should we charge for the product? Because our division's performance in the eyes of the corporate, the corporate means the main company, will matters. Whether we are making profit, a lot of profit, a little bit or none. It's because they're gonna evaluate our performance based on residual income, return on investments and economic value added. If you don't know what these terms are, look in the prior session because those we already covered, those when we covered decentralization. Basically, we are being evaluated based on our performance. And of course, transfer prices is extremely important for tax purposes. Think about when one company has many divisions in different countries. And that matters substantially now because now it's affecting the bottom line of the company. But again, as I told you at the beginning of this recording, I do not discuss tax consequences. Please go to my international accounting course and you will see what are the tax consequences when it comes to transfer prices. Now the best way to illustrate the idea of transfer prices is to walk you through an example and I'm gonna be using the farm, which is the milk as the selling division and the cheese producers is the buying division. And those two companies, they're under the same corporate umbrella. So let's start with the first example. As we said, as we have a buying division and a selling division. And we are selling barrels of milk to the buying division, which is the cheese manufacturing company. So what is the profit for the selling division? Well, the profit for the selling division when they sell to the cheese division, it's whatever they charge them, which is gonna be calling the transfer price wherever they charge the buying division minus cost of goods sold. Remember cost of goods sold could be variable cost, fixed cost, a combination, but for the sake of simplicity, we're gonna say the transfer price minus cost of goods sold. So let's assume our cost to produce the sparrow of milk is $20. We're gonna sell it for $35. Therefore, the profit for the selling division is $15. Simply put, the transfer price minus cost of goods sold will give us $15 for the selling division. Now, what is the buying division profit? Well, we're gonna assume that the buying division can sell the cheese, the final product that they're producing at $100. Well, it's gonna cost them $35 from the selling division for the milk. Then they're gonna have to incur an additional $40 in cost. As a result, they're gonna make a profit of $25, which is $100 minus $35, minus $40, minus $35, minus $40. Remember, the $35 is coming from the selling division. Therefore, they're gonna make a profit of $25. So let's take a look at the company overall, what happened. For the company overall, for this company overall, sales revenue is the sales only to the external party, which is the $100 minus the cost of goods sold in the selling division, minus the additional cost, which is 100 minus 20 minus 40 equal to $40. So notice, the profit for the whole firm is the profit of the seller's profit, the $15, plus the buyer's profit, which is $25. So it doesn't matter, $40 for the whole company, $15 was for the selling division, $25 was for the buying division. Let's change the scenario a little bit, just to start to have a feeling the effect of the transfer pricing. Let's assume cost of goods sold for the selling division is still 20, but they happen to charge $60. So what's the profit for the selling division? Well, the profit for the selling division now is $40. They sold it for 60, their cost is 20. Let's take a look at the buying division. It's the manufacturing facilities where they produce the cheese. They're gonna sell it to the external customer for $100. They're gonna have to account for $60 for the milk. They're gonna have to incur an additional $40. Therefore their profit is zero because 100 minus 60 minus 40 will give you a profit of zero. They will break even. Let's take a look at the company overall. The company overall, it does not really matter. We count the sale for the external party, which is $100, minus cost of goods sold in the selling division in the farm, on the farm to produce the milk, minus $40 additional cost. Therefore the total profit is $40. Still it's the seller's profit 40 and the buyer's profit is zero. So notice what happened. The company overall was not affected. However, under this scenario, the milk producing division would look very profitable. They will get all the resources. Their managers get all the bonuses. While the cheese producing division, they would look they are barely making any money. Actually they're not making any profit. Let's switch the scenario a little bit. Cost of goods sold is 20 for the milk division. They sold it for $20. What will be their profit? Their profit will be zero. Here's what's gonna happen. In the cheese division, they're gonna sell it for $100. They're gonna have to, they account for $20 from the milk division. They incur $40 an additional cost. Therefore the profit is 100 minus 20 minus 40. Their profit is $40. Now it's the opposite. The milk division would look like they are not making any profit. Therefore they will not get any additional resources or bonuses. The cheese division here will get the bonus because they are making all the profit for the company. But notice what's happening here. Hopefully you're catching on. That it's $40, but how we split that $40 matters. I'll split this $40 matter. So the question is what should be the optimal transfer price? And what's the optimal transfer price? It's what's the best price that they should charge each other, the milk and the cheese division. So the transfer price that leads both division to make decisions that are in the best interest of the firm. Now we kind of, kind of we know as long as we can keep it between certain amount, we're gonna find out what certain amount is, both party will be happy. So the transfer price between the both division, what should be that optimal price? It seems to be between 20 and 60, okay? As an optimal price. Why? Because anything above 20, anything above 20, the milk division will make profit, okay? Up to 60. If they charge more than $60, if they think about it, if they charge more than $60, if they charge $62, let's assume they charge $62, they will make more profit. But what's gonna happen, the cheese division, they will be at a loss of $2. So it seems 20 to $60 seems to be an optimal price. That seems to be. However, in the real world, we have to take into account other consideration. Here we're gonna be introducing the idea of external market. So in the real world, we're gonna also make an assumption that you could have a perfect intermediate market or no intermediate market. What does intermediate market and no intermediate market means? Intermediate market means there is a market price for this product that we are selling and we can sell it on outsider. No intermediate market means there is no market price. Simply put, if you remember, we can sell the selling division, they can sell the milk to the cheese manufacturing company or they can sell the milk to a third party. Also, the cheese division, they can get their supply from somewhere else. So here what's happening, we have a perfect intermediate market, where if I don't like your prices, I can go somewhere else. If I don't like your prices, I can sell it somewhere else. If I don't like your prices, I can supply myself from somewhere else. So let's talk about what would happen under intermediate market and no intermediate market. So what are the features for intermediate market? So simply put, buyers can buy any quantity without affecting the price. It means there's plenty of supply. The seller can sell any quantity without affecting the price. So simply put, there's plenty of supply and demand. It's not an issue. It's not gonna affect the price. Both buyers and sellers are price setters. Simply put, price setters means the market sets the price. So there's a market price and both of them, they want this market price. They don't want to pay more or less. So what will be the optimal price if we have an intermediate market? Well, the answer is it's the market price. If we have an intermediate market for the product, the best price for both parties is the intermediate price. Now, why would that be the case? Let's think about it and let's think about it. Well, if we charge them, let's assume the selling company, the milk division, sells low, if the price is lower, okay, let's assume, let's assume the price, let's work an example on the next page. Let's assume the market price is $35. It's better to explain it with numbers. Assuming the market price is $35, here's what's gonna happen. The profit for the selling division will be, if the cost of goods sold is 20, the transfer price is 35, then their profit is 15. So guess what? The selling division, any price 35 or above, which is the market price, they will accept it. Why? Because let's assume the cheese division, they're willing to pay 38. Well, the milk division will be very happy. They will supply as much as they can. Let's assume the cheese division wants to buy it for 33. Well, the milk division, they would say, no, I'm sorry, we're not gonna sell it to you at 33 because we can sell it for 35. So notice, if they sell it more than the market price, they're gonna be very happy. If they sell it less than the market price, they won't sell it less than the market price to the cheese company to supply them because they can sell it somewhere else at 35. There's plenty of supply, plenty of demand for that price. And this is what we meant by any lower supplier will go outside. The suppliers will not supply less than 35, any higher. And let's think about it from the cheese manufacturing facility. If the milk division wants to charge them $38, they will not accept. Why not? Because they can go somewhere else and buy it for 35. If the cheese division charged them 34, they'll be bringing it on because they'd save in a dollar from going to the outside. So simply put in an intermediate market, the best price. That's what you need to know about intermediate market. This is the answer. What's the optimal price? The optimal price is the intermediate market price if we have an intermediate market because everyone is happy and there's no need for negotiation. There is no need for complication. Now we're gonna look as if there is no intermediate market. So what does it mean no intermediate market? It means the product is so specialized that there is no market for it. If we want to look up the price, there is no price. Think about if we are producing screws for a machine and those screws are only for that specific machine. So there's no market price for them or the corporate division, the corporate headquarter, they don't want us to buy and sell to an outsider. So any external buying and selling is banned. We have to purchase from our sister companies. Why? Because that's what the headquarter want us to do. So we're gonna assume that the fixed cost is irrelevant in our decision and there are plenty of capacity. So we're not taking capacity into consideration. Look, if you are the seller, if you are the milk company, your transfer price should not be less than the variable cost. Think about it. What happened if, let's assume for that $20 for the milk company, let's assume for the sake of simplicity, this is their variable cost per barrel of milk. Well, guess what? They cannot sell it for less than 20. Because if they sell it for less than 20, the more they produce, the more they lose. Why would you keep on losing money? So they will not transfer if the transfer price for the seller for the milk division is less than $20. They have this incentive to sell and they will not transfer. Simply put, they will not do it because it will not make any sense unless the corporation wants to subsidize that may no longer become a profit center.  Now, what happened if the transfer price, if the transfer price, they're charging them some price greater than the final price minus the buyer variable cost. So we're gonna assume the buyer variable cost is $40. So if they charge them any price above 60, which is the difference between the final market price, we're assuming the final market price is $100. We're still working with the same example, minus $40 that the cheese division will have to incur. If they sell it to them at 61, then guess what? Then the buyer would lose money. Why? Because if they sell it, they're gonna sell it at 100, their cost is 101, they're gonna be losing $1. So anything above 60, they will not do it. So no transfer will take place, any price greater than the final market price minus the buyer variable cost. So what is the best transfer price? The best transfer price is the seller's variable cost. Again, assuming we have enough capacity. And assume it's $20, it means we should only charge, the milk division should only charge $20. You might be saying, why not? Why shouldn't they charge up to $60? What's gonna happen is this, the lower the price from the milk and division. Remember, we're assuming the final selling price is 100, okay? True, today the final market price is 100, but that's a market price. What happened if this price goes down to 60 or go down to 80? Okay, if we sell it to them at 60, they have to incur an additional $40, then they are losing, okay? Because now the market price is 80. So this way, if we provide it to them at $20, they have the widest range of pricing power. So if the price went down, the cheese division would still make money. Because remember, now we cannot sell it on outsider. Therefore, if we cannot sell it, they really will not make any profit here. Just basically we are kind of supplying only our company. So simply put, it would look something like this. Cost of goods sold is $20. Actually we would love any price above $20, but we will not do that. We charge, the best is to charge them only $20. And the buying division would absorb any price up to $60, but you don't want to do that. You want to give the company, you want to transfer the milk at a price of $20, okay? And remember, they're gonna add $40 to it. Therefore, the cost will be 60, okay? Now for the company, as long as the final price for the whole company is above 60, the company is happy. The firm is profitable overall, okay? Well, if the selling price is exactly 60, we are breaking even. Any selling price less than 60, I'm sorry, it should be greater than 60. Oh, this is selling price. Selling price less than 60. Well, if the selling price is less than 60, it doesn't matter. The company will not make any profit. Therefore, we assume there are no transfer. So that's why the best transfer price is the variable cost of the selling division. So give it to them at 20. This gives the company overall the why the strange of selling prices because this price of 100 might drop. And if it drops, you want to give the cheese division enough pricing power, enough pricing power so they can still make a profit. And the company overall will be making a profit because the final product that we're selling is cheese, not milk. That's the assumption, not the assumption, that's the implied assumption here, that we want to make profit on the cheese, not the milk. At the end of this recording, I'm gonna ask you to like this recording, share it, and once again, if you are a CPA candidate, please check out my website forhatlectures.com. Also, if you are an ACC candidate or a CMA candidate, or obviously an accounting student, I have plenty of resources that's gonna help you with your courses. Study hard, good luck, and of course, most importantly, stay safe.


All righty, so you have two versions with the cars and Yeah, I think taking this guy out is totally fine Because there is no sound but a first car, so it's a bit weird and you wouldn't want someone Overpowering this so I'm totally fine. I'm taking this out. Let's go to this version Take down the sound Now you're mentioning that you want to take out the steps because of Opposing motions and everything that's totally fine. I can totally see why you would do that personally, of course I would say it It would still be good. I Would still add it, but I could only see why you don't want to do it I would just be something I would just think about that for your next shot Maybe something you can incorporate into your planning But the way you also have it is that because of this turn there is just a bit of a movement there that gives us more movement here then you go back this way and Straighten up, so I think there's still enough movement and contrast It would be cool to see, you know I'm just curious to see how because you're really really good at animating how you would incorporate those Those steps, but totally understand that you want to potentially do that for another time or not at all totally fine as well It's a great shot though. I have to say like you'll figure detail If you do a big turn like this you might for polish Consider things where if she turns she's gonna tense up muscles are firing for that turn It's a bit of a detailed polish thing could be then tighten the grip here not to kind of squeeze out those flowers But you would tighten here as an anticipation you could see almost you could almost relax the fingers into or meaning in a relaxed pose You can see a bit more of the fingers then tighten them into something like this You might also have a little bit of and I know this is super picky because it's so fast But maybe potential a bit of tightening of shoulders just a bit so it doesn't feel like it's just a root turning But it's a nice stop just enough Body movement through here you could of course also say well, what if it's a bit more 10 stuff here and then when she stops She wants to hold on to this as she turns and when she's done here They could relax a little bit nothing, you know again Nothing crazy where the thumb goes here and the fingers go out just something subtle since we are in the polish phase Same thing here, so you don't want to have just the pose that never really changes except for here We're just good If you are taking out this finger though, I would relax that one as well So it doesn't feel like it's such a separated finger move So there's also a bit influence some influence on the surrounding fingers So as you relax the top grip it would relax The middle finger as well and it seems like this is My key arm right It just hasn't ever so slight feel of This connected wrist during this move here This is super picky And it might not be might just be the weights right there It's not something that stood out on the first viewing again. I'm just going from my frame because I'm picky You're also paying for this So I want to give you as much information as possible And of course it's totally up to you to see what you want to do with this and going back to your finger again If you do a big move from here to some surrounding animation on there, so it doesn't feel so separated Even here when she goes oh She has that realization. I think you have something in the finger here I think you could push that a bit more since it's such a big move Careful that you don't twin too much. I would look at how she holds this scoopy bit You know like the weight is different again It's not a massive weight difference But the properties of these two objects are still different and you can use that as a An excuse so to say so to speak for offsetting those arms a bit more subtle, but They do feel a bit twin through all of this And I'm wondering if you're doing this Do that that you might go either higher Or a bit lower so that when you hear that the forearm doesn't grow out of the wrist Look at the colors and everything feels like it's one continuous long arm So it could be a bit of a breakup silhouette wise even if it's something like this where you can see part of the sleeve During this section will be better I do like your shoulder roll and come out here That's all great Actually also offsetting a little bit more my thing for this would be This is all cool. You have nice arcs I'm changing the fingers. That's all good. What I'm reacting to is the head orientation, so I like all that movement here All the little darts the thought process is all really good. I really love the shot. It's so well animated My only thing would be here This all still feels one axis The head goes up. There's a little bit of y here But then watch out Because like we're ever so slightly locked Where I can put a pin into her nose and everything kind of Pivots off of that and this seems to be a little bit of a stretch in the face where again the nose seems like it's pinned In the screen space watch out for that. What you could do is through this and especially that As she goes back with a slight rotation y either way whatever side you want to turn a slight complexity in her arc and then Ending into this which is totally fine Because I like that she is straight. It's a bit more alert It doesn't have to be a tilt But it's something where when she goes through a little bit of this It could have a little bit of an outside arc into that and maybe Something like this where it's just a bit more complex Just it feels a bit too simple. There's so much good stuff in here that this move back on her head Is a bit simple and again. I'm talking subtleties and then speaking of uh changes there watch out for this when That's a great pose. I like that. It's open up through here. We're looking this way. That's all great But then it feels like a hook comes in here and Pulls out that shape So you might have to delete it delete it delay it Which gets into the almost pose to pose thing, but it feels like this corner is so early Drawing so much attention to that to that change there Which is something that is a bit a bit strong And again, I'm talking a couple frames where you could have that happen a bit Later or just not as fast not as far So by now you'll be maybe only here and then as she does this You finish that so you still get into that big shape But the ease in happens throughout something through here So that whole head move softens that ease in if that makes sense So it doesn't feel like such an isolated Shape change to there What also softened that eyebrow it seems like Then we hit it Where you could almost go, you know only 20% as far and then This amount of movement maybe It's just that much what happened through this Which again might not be visible because of all that head move But it feels like we're stopping this too harshly and you want to ease into it a bit more And you can almost Relax through here to go a bit down and then whoop as she goes back up Doing all of this Up a bit again. It's cool to switch out that it's not too One axis going left and right on that shake there I think it's okay No, that's great because you're having Down and then hold in a relaxation up with the head. It's great I don't think I do that That's all great. Yeah, sorry. I was mesmerized by the animation was looking at her eyes How is that little that stare and then it's the shift I was debating Do we want to do an eye dart right before? But I don't think so. I think she snaps out of that moment through the blink where the blink goes wait That's something else. Didn't you got the darts? That big this is great this move here I did it. Yeah, it just seems like those arms a bit twinned the shoulders here. I think that's it Sure a ton of it was just crazy picky Like if I scrub through I see this box going up a bit by itself. I mean I see some wrist movement It might just be It might just be a bit too much. I know we're getting into this. Okay. Whoa, hold on You are framing through things.   So I feel like I can just give you all those notes and you can absolutely take what you need from it And this side of the box going up I think I would just mask that through this section here So it's not that isolated move up here that I'm not seeing as much in here Here it's okay You are switching like you are bringing that wrist up so for this to go down again You might argue on this you could potentially buy a here ish as you go down Bring that thumb down a tiny bit and potentially have a little bit of a change in these again This is super picky polish stuff As she changes posture the grip strength all of this Could be seen in some finger polish Speaking of picky as you get your roses here. It's a bit of a tangent You got the edge of the roses right where the cheeks are Personally, I would stick within something Like here that much negative space picky picky. I know I know but it is so awesome. I was going to bring out everything here Yeah, I think that's it Yep, any questions as always let me know email me. It's such a great show. I love the progression of this. It's absolutely fantastic Thank you so much for sending this All right There's an email you can sign up you can start whenever you want you can submit whatever you want You get 16 submissions either way a like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


Ruin limping vehicles filled with shaggy mouth, youthful gangsters hunting the human dog with stilettos of fear and dreams of money, sex money, cars money, suits money, shoes money, muscles money, houses money, hair money, pearly teeth money, pointed shoes money, hats money, money success brass by money, gnarled hands of lanky editorial writers, false teeth, credit dentists, cheap meat, queer butchers, editorial chasted bus drivers, eye shadow sales girls, all American football businessmen, hollow thighs, supermarket clerks, money, flag makers, money, mountain movers, money, car makers, money, money, eyed raw material citizens, pulped of money, landscapes of holy money, time, musical voices of tiny money children, cushion noises of disintegration still heard in dynastic eras of power, skeleton stooped in scooped-out offices of company wives, husbands, custodians of domestic fear, fear, terror for still harder, hay, then breathers lurking behind neo-tombstones, singing out corpse voice arias while blistling veaks complain, money, money, historical events, a pollinaire never knew about rock-gut Charlie who gave 50 cents to a policeman driving around in a 1927 Nash, a pollinaire never met Cinder, bottom blue, fat saxophone player who laughed while playing and had steel teeth, a pollinaire never hiked in papier maché woods and had a scout master who wrote a song about ivory soap and had a Baptist funeral, a pollinaire never sailed with riff-raff Ralph who was rich in California but had to flee because he was queer, a pollinaire never drank with lady choppy wine, peerless female drunk who talked to shrubs and made children sing in the streets, a pollinaire never slept all night in an ice house waiting for Sebastian to rise from the ammonia tanks and show him the little un-painted arrows, heavy water blues, oh is teaching my goldfish jujitsu, I'm in love with a skin diver who sleeps underwater, my neighbors are drunken linguists and I speak butterfly, consolidated Edison is threatening to cut off my brain, the postman keeps putting sex in my mailbox, my mirror died and can't tell if I still reflect, I put my eyes on a diet, my tears are gaining too much weight, I cross the desert in a taxi cab only to be locked in a pyramid with a face of a dog on my breath, I went to a masquerade disguised as myself, not one of my friends recognized, I dreamed I went to John Mitchell's poetry party in my maiden form brain, put the silver in the barbecue pit, the Chinese are attacking with nuclear restaurants, the radio is teaching my goldfish jujitsu, my old lady has taken up skin diving and sleeps underwater, I'm hanging out with a drunken linguist who can speak butterfly and represents the caterpillar industry down in Washington DC, I never understand other people's desires or hopes until they coincide with my own and then we clash, I have definite proof that the culture of the caveman disappeared due to his inability to produce one magazine that could be delivered by a kid on a bicycle, when reading all those thick books on the life of God it should be noted that they were all written by men, it is perfectly all right to cast the first stone if you have some more in your pocket, television America's ultimate relief from the Indian disturbance, I hope that when the machines finally take over they won't build men that break down as soon as they're paid for, I shall refuse to go to the moon unless I'm inoculated against the dangers of indiscriminate love, after riding across the desert in a taxi cab he discovered himself locked in a pyramid with the face of a dog on his breath the search for the end of the circle constant occupation of squares why don't they stop throwing symbols the air is cluttered enough with echoes just when I cleaned the manger for the wise men the shrews from across the street showed up the voice of the radio shouted get up do something to someone but me and my son laughed in our furnished room get a great sense of humor too there's a lineage poem afterwards they shall dance in the city of st. Francis they have taken down the statue of st. Francis and the hummingbirds all fly forward to protest humming feather poems Bowdenheim denounced everyone and wrote Bowdenheim had no sweet marijuana dreams patriotic musculatier did not die seriously no poet loved to end with gone Dylan took the stone cat snap at st. Vincent's that a canned beer no defense that poem shouted from none filled room an insult to the brain's nerve saved now from swansy white horses beer birds snore poems wales bird billy holiday got lost on the subway and stayed there forever raised little peace of mind gardens in out-of-the-way stations and will go on living in wrappers of jazz silence forever loved my face feels like a living emotional relief map forever when my hair is curling in anticipation of my own wild gardening poor Edgar Allen Poe died translated in un-pressed pants ended in light surrounded by ecstatic gold bugs his hadjura blessed by Baudelaire's orgy whether I am a poet or not I use $50 worth of air every day cool in order to exist I hide behind stacks of red and blue poems and open little sensuous parasols singing the nail in the foot song drinking cool beatitude waiting somewhere there waits waiting a book is waiting waiting to be written cold cold page is waiting to be written man sees god in a book somewhere there waits waiting a picture waits waiting to be painted cold cold campus campus waiting to be painted man seeks god in a picture somewhere there waits waiting a woman waiting waiting to be loved waiting cold cold woman waiting to be loved man seeks god in a woman somewhere there waits waiting a man is waiting Waiting, cold, cold, cold man, waiting to be wanted, waiting. Man seeks God in man. Somewhere there waits waiting. A baby is waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting to be born. Cold, cold, baby, waiting to be born. Blood of earth waiting to be man sees God in a baby. Wind, sea, stars, sky, surround us. Wind, sea, wind, sea, wind, sky, wind, star, surround us. Wind, sea, sky, stars, surround us. Sarasvati, may Sarasvati give thee intelligence entwined with the lotus. Thou art produced from limb by limb, but of the heart. Thou indeed are the self-called son. So live 100 autums. May Sarasvati give thee intelligence. Reflections on a small parade. When I see the little Buddhist scouts marching with their Zen mothers to see. When I see the little Buddhist scouts marching with their Zen mothers to tea ceremonies at the rock garden, I shake my head. It falls off. And this is a piece called Chenrezig, Walks With Us. Chenrezig, a Buddhist deity. Dalai Lama is an incarnation of Chenrezig. Visualized with many arms. So this is a little mantra. Swept away all suffering, gathered it up in a quantum leap. Sucked it up till it returned. And when Chenrezig looked back over his shoulder and saw all suffering come back in a great wave, all suffering, riding in, filling up nooks and crannies and crevices and templates of the world, all suffering, filling neurons and quarks and leptons, troubling minds of mothers, sisters, brothers, fathers, lovers, all sentient beings, suffering, toxins of passion, aggression, ignorance in the middle of the night, strapped in demon mind, nowhere to hide, pounding, suffering, rising and mind splits in 1,000 pieces. Chenrezig wept and head split in 1,000 pieces. And mighty fire Buddha Amitabha leans in Amitabha, puts the puzzle back together, wires it with tantric thread, adds some extra arms, extra heads, a conglomeration of tendencies, this wisdom body to rid the world of all suffering. More arms and heads take charge, build it better, a deity to maximize power, a bodhicitta to ease all suffering. And now Chenrezig had 1,000 arms in all directions of space, 1,000 arms with numerous accoutrements. And under those arms 1,000 hearts better to banish all suffering, all suffering of Tibet, of India, suffering of Pakistan, wherever his crystallized land, whatever map of suffering, holy lights on, holy lights on, keep emptying. Europe, USA, empty, Israel, Palestine empty, China, Russia, Japan 11 heads with 11, third eyes and more, wisdom eyes in all the pores of his body. Chenrezig walks among us, humble prince toward all systems of empire. Chenrezig walks among us, all constituent, forms precious ink, diamonds, scepter, skull, cup of blood, thibone, trumpet, dissolve in mind, and lotus at his feet arises again through cracks of a concrete city, or charnel grounds, eternal war, sore flowers shoot at dark of a distant galaxy. Anywhere out of this world his heart is that big, and Dharma gates are endless. He enters every one of them, typhoons and famines dissolve. Emptiness has formed to come at you. Blow back his love, his love, come back at your multiverse. Move in the night that never sets, is it cold out there? Will Tibet be liberated on judgment day? Oh, suffering, oh, suffer, but a lamp of the dark age. Banish, banish, banish the syndicates of Tamsara. Put away the checks of doom, turn the wheel again in our frail world age. Oh, Chen Resig walks among us, and no identity endures. Yet bodhisattvas are ever active, invisible, elves swirling shamans, shape-shifting wizards, every hour dedicating the merit. No end time here, but aspiration to press harder. Don't tarry, don't tarry, don't tarry, don't tarry. Keep trying, sweep all suffering away, all pockets of the multiverse. Don't tarry. Bob was a Buddhist too, a great spiritual poet.


Okay, I'm again visiting my friend James and in the last talk that I did with you. We were finishing up talking about the how the Unix philosophy of do one thing do it well and I commented on how I've mentioned people always say oh programming is so hard Which being creative with programming I would say is the most difficult part But most time I'll give you example I was talking to someone in my IRC channel once and I was giving the argument of Programming is not that hard. Any program you write should only take a couple minutes I don't think I said that but basically that and he's like well, I want to create a to-do list I'm like that's simple enough. He goes. I want to start in the categories That's simple to do too. He goes. I want to have different users do this You know I'm just like right his problem is he's looking at that I want to create this big project and my point to him was What you want to do is not hard. It's going to take a while because you want to do a lot of things But each of those things is actually pretty easy Especially if you think ahead of what you want to do and you see program with that ahead of time and I Definitely when I writes programs for the most part, it's like it does this It's like on my phone like I'll write shell scripts So I don't have to take out long commands It's like I run this command and it figures out everything I want to do based on system information There are sometimes though where I think that obviously a What do you call it like? Microsoft Office a suite where there's like a suite of software something like that like like you're editing a video Yeah, it's great that we have a command that can cut the video or this or that but you have To have a suite or like Photoshop or GIMP. It's like yeah I can have one command that converts the video black and white, but it's nice to have that suite with all the different functions and and a lot of that can be done with plugins Which is kind of like writing individual things, but at the same time you still have the full source. Oh, yeah. I mean, yeah, yeah so Not really sure really hard to edit a photo if you were just piping around an image from one right think to another now It would be great if you want to do the same thing to every photo so you can be like Black and white adjust contrast this that but when you're sitting there and you try to tweak it Yes, so so there are cases where you do want a bigger project, but for the most part I personally think that almost all software should start from the command line and then a GUI interface should come later on Even with video editing. That's the case with like Kaden live which uses MLT as the back Well, yeah MLT is the background and there's melt M E L T which kind of makes Using melt into a scripting language story now I've done tutorials on that but really everything almost everything that can be done in Kaden live Which is a full video editing software can be done in a script using MLT So now I'm doing a lot of talking and it's for me to talk to you. I know and I love it. So comments No, no, no, yeah, I definitely think well, okay. Well, I can yeah, you want me to ask a question. No Okay, well, I was gonna say I think I think that is That's a sign of you know Yeah, obviously you could take that idea to the extreme where like everything does something one thing well And that's it But I mean if you take that to far enough extreme well, then sort shouldn't even be able to reverse order You should have a right to reverse sort and that's well, you're reversing and it's sort of yeah, so so so But what I think what I think really is a testament to is when you have when you have command line abilities to run To run a function to run a a software and it has GUI interface Um, I think it says something about that the way that they wrote that Was that they wrote components that could do one thing really well, right? They didn't just focus on well There's a GUI and there's a button and that button's gonna do something they really literally thought well We need the ability to make something black now we just attach to the GUI the ability to run that right and a very simple example of that I'm sure you've probably used nmap. Yeah, and then there's Zendman. Have you ever used Zendman? It's just a GUI interface. Yeah. Yeah. It's a very very basic. Yes, right? Basically you choose some drop-downs and checkbox and it puts the command right there and then runs it and gives you GUI output and I think it does some sort of visualization visualization of your may jumps it did Yeah, other than that, you know, it's very very basic some some Backgrounds like like I'm saying MLT Kaden live is came live is pretty much a program itself that uses MLT as a back end And I'm not saying everything needs a GUI interface and you might disagree and honestly You don't need to disagree with me because I feel like it's it's a testament when you're when something you're writing is running on Terminal as well, but everything doesn't need a Terminal interface, but I think when you're writing the software You'll know when you're writing it well Because when when when your requirements change or when when what you thought it needed to do changes Or you need to optimize it and you need to change something. How long does it take you to change it? Right, and so I think when you find when you when you write the functions correctly when you make the rate abstractions when you When you modularize your your programming correctly, it's very easy to make a change and it not cascade across your whole project Yeah, so that's that's kind of going back to the like do one thing Well is you want everything you write in your project do one thing well Even if your whole project ends up doing a lot of things at the same time Sometimes I go the reverse way where I think too much ahead of I might want to do this I might want to do that and I take forever ever to write it to just in case I do something that I will never do Yeah, no, I definitely feel the exact same way So there's a balance there and I and I usually feel less is more because I usually find as I go I quickly find where I should have Pulled something out and it's actually really quickly if you identify it early and you start pulling It's actually pretty easy and then there there's like a lot of I think a lot of rules That are that are guidelines are not rules They're guidelines that say things like you shouldn't write a function that's bigger than a page Like you should be able to see the entire function on your screen right or or each line shouldn't go off the side of your screen You know because that really says something like if you really have a block of code that that's that's that big It might be saying that part of that function should be modularized and you can kind of be pulled out Right should be another function that's called by that function it needs Yeah, because it's obviously doing something other than that one function right and again Like obviously everyone's gonna comment to you that like oh well That that's a horrible idea because of this and that and there's always exceptions to rules and I would hope it's working Fine, I don't care if it works for you great But and I would hope my viewers realized that we're talking generally Yeah, sure a lot of times when you're talking about software talking general ideas Obviously there are going to be some exceptions to almost everything that we say Right and and but what you find is that in every paradigm every programming language has Kind of the way to abstract those ideas The most classic one I think is an object-oriented programming language Where you're creating an idea of an object and that object encapsulates You know the functionality for that object and the data for that object And and that just becomes a way that even if you're you know Even if you're not an experienced programmer when you start thinking in terms of that encapsulation You're almost kind of forced to modularize things very well you know So if if you were going to write a program that involved playing cards And and maybe you write an object that is a card object or maybe you write an object that's a that's a hand a poker hand You know you write a card object and the poker hand object can interact with a card object and say something about what your hand is And then later on if you decide well, I don't want to play poker. I want to play blackjack Well, if you wrote that card interface well enough It's it's easily changed from one to the other because you have your deck with each of the cards and you can use that without um Yeah, the uh going back to the Not getting too complicated I find a lot of my viewers and I did this in the beginning too You want to make it fancy looking gooey and it does all this stuff And I just find a lot of people try to jump ahead and try to Not necessarily advance things, but they don't have the basics down yet But I also don't understand at the same time if you sit there trying to learn the basics You might get bored and never continue, you know, it's like and everyone learns differently um But like uh, you and I were talking once it's just like Almost everything you want to do someone's already done. Yeah, uh, and your new idea is basically putting those different things together So if you want to and well, I have people ask me I think a few times a while a long time ago I did python and gtk user interfaces gooey interfaces. Yeah And I showed people how to Use a text input type in that text input click a button and it takes that text and puts it in a label Yeah, people ask me how do I write to a file and I would give them only to my python how to write files And it would confuse them because like well, how do I get from the gooey to that? It's like it's the same exact process. Yeah, sure instead of taking this variable You take the variable that I showed you how to grab here And put it into the file. Yeah, so it's like people the hardest part I think for a lot of people with programming. It's not doing these individual tasks It's being the um the creative and how to put those things together And it's one of those things is it's just going to click one day I tell you my first 10 years of programming which was in windows using mostly batch files not batch files, but batch files And visual basic which most of my visual basic was making gooey interface that called batch commands um First 10 years I could do all these different things I could do network connections to where I can send a signal to a computer that makes a cd rom drive pop out And then play some music I did not understand any of it and really it wasn't until I got to linux and I started Um since there's more people working at like with I found at the time at least I'd go I type in how to do this and there's the code for visual basic. Did I understand it? No Yeah, I didn't even do what uh, I did what a lot of people I still see do where I would take a Text input in my gooey right and use that as the variable instead of creating variables because I didn't know how to use variables properly. Yeah I'm gonna end on that note sure about how bad of a programmer. I was And how I probably still I'm not well, and then there's there's a difference between Knowing how to call function and knowing how to write a program right like that I think that's a another big takeaway and and not to say like The first step to learning how to write programs is just figuring out the primitives figuring out how to call the functions So I don't mean to discourage anyone to be like well, you're not a programmer But it's just that they're that you know When you use them long enough you start to get a better process of using it. So anyways, I'm sorry Anyway, thank you for watching. Please visit films by chris.com. That's chris of the k There should be a link in the description and thank you james for joining us And I hope that you all have a great day with the great bass music in the background It's gonna get flagged for copyrights with the music in the background on this video Have a great day Right If you enjoy my tutorials and would like to see more Please think about contributing to my patreon account at patreon.com forward slash metal x 1000 You didn't flip the screen. Yes, that's gonna bother me