The Cavalcade of America, presented by Dupont. On December 7th, 1787, Delaware led the way towards the founding of a new nation, the United States of America. Yesterday, December 7th, 12 states joined with Delaware to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. In Dover, Delaware, representatives of the 13 original states met to unveil a memorial plaque in honor of the Delaware signers of the Constitution. This evening, the Cavalcade of America presents the story of the Constitution's birth. Dupont, a company identified with the earliest days of our nation, presents the Cavalcade of America in an earnest endeavor to contribute something of permanent value and enjoyment to radio listeners, and also as a tribute to the research chemist in Dupont Laboratories, whose ideals are so well expressed by the phrase, better things for better living through chemistry. As an overture, Don Voorhees and the Dupont Cavalcade Orchestra play Virginia, the march from the operetta of the same name. Dupont Cavalcade moves from the United States, has been the foundation of our country since 1787. Few of us realize why or how it came into being. Let us turn back the hands of the clock to the year 1784. It is market day in the city of New York. A fleet of boats loaded with livestock, vegetables, fruits and dairy products has sailed from the New Jersey shore of the Hudson towards the city. On one of these sailing vessels, Hobbes, a New Jersey farmer, is talking with his son George as their craft pulls ahead of the other. Well, I guess we've out-distanced him, son. Looks like it, Father. Did you notice old Grimes' face as we passed him? Yeah. It's worth buying this bigger craft just to see that look on his face. He won't get the best location this market day. It ought to be a good day for business too. It's fine weather. Yeah. And the New Yorkers will have to pay what we ask. It's just a case of supply and demand. We have the farms, they have to buy. And it's easier for us to sail over from Jersey than for them to drive in from upstate. We're well ahead of the rest now, and I know just the place we can get. I wonder if he means us. Who? That, uh, that man in the rowboat. You there in the boat! Uh, I seem to. You, uh, you calling us, mister? Where are you bound? That wharf, yonder. Can't land there. Why, we always have. There's a new law. As for the assembly last week, all boats over 12 tons must be entered and cleared at the custom house. But we ain't far in craft, mister. We're from Jersey. That's why the law was made. Our sakes have been letting you fellow sakes too much of our money. But, mister, now...  Understand? Well, George, I suppose we'll have to do as he says. Yes, Father. It's outrage, but you can't let a vegetable spoil. Marquette in New York. A crowd of farmers from New Jersey and Connecticut offering their wares to the New Yorkers. Usually a happy lot pleased with the idea that they're outsmarting the city folk. Today, bitter at having to pay large duties as if they were foreigners. Pobs and his son have a stall they're a man from Connecticut. Just as if, just as if we ain't Americans. Well, never mind, Father. Well, hey, Connecticut. Yep. Say, did you have to pay duty when you brought your firewood into New York? Never did. Say, what did we fight for? Where's this freedom they promised us? What do these New Yorkers think they are? Still, Tories, I kill it. Yeah, they want a lighthouse on our sandy hook. Well, I hope New Jersey makes them pay through the nose. Hey, uh, were you able to pay the customs man? Able to pay him. I had to pay him. I mean, did he accept your money? He fairly seized it, every shell in we had. Hmm, wouldn't accept my money. What you mean? I wanted hard money. Said my Connecticut paper was no good in New York. I asked him, ain't Connecticut in the United States? We did our share. Look, that lady and gentlemen are trying to attract your attention. What, this, this, oh, yes, sir, yes, sir. May we see your fouls, please? Fouls, yes, sir. My wife has been trying to attract your attention while you and your friend were busy with your interesting argument about duties and state money. Say, if you're making fun of me, sir... No, decidedly not. I happened to overhear your grievance. And I sympathize with you. Perhaps I might suggest something by way of remedy. Now you can discuss politics after I purchase my foul, dear. George, you wait on the lady. Yes, father. I'll tell you what I'd like. I want to hear what this gentleman has to say.  I'm an American first, a New Yorker second. What do you mean by that, sir? Well, perhaps I can best explain by an example. That bundle of sticks there. This one, tied together? You mean this one, sir? Yes, that's it. May I use it as an object lesson? Go ahead. Thank you. Now, bound together, as the sticks are, you couldn't break them, could you? Bound together? No, well, you ain't forced to. See, you break them one at a time. Precisely. Bound together, they're firm. Singly, they're easily broken. Now, doesn't that suggest something? Well, I don't know. When they're together... Our 13 states united. The same laws, the same money. Free trade between them. United, in fact, as well as in name, means a country. But 13 states, each jealous of the other, trying to stand singly, means chaos. Yeah, I see what you mean. I have the file, dear, and some vegetables. Will you pay the man? Oh, certainly, my dear. There you are, sir. Thank you. Oh, Betsy, you'll want these delivered, won't you? Oh, will you deliver them? That I will, gladly. Thank you. If you, sir, will tell me some more about this... no duties between the states and this money business.  I want you to tell your friends. I wish I could spread the word to everyone in the states. Mr. Hamilton is always glad to have found his safer topic. A well-organized central government. Yeah, but... What did you say that name was, ma'am? Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton. Ours is the third house on the square. Come, Betsy. Yes, yes. I shall expect it, sir. All right. Say, did you hear who that was, Connecticut? Yes. Colonel Alexander Hamilton. And he talked to me like he was nobody talk. New York, New Jersey and Connecticut were not the only states to set up duty. Virginia and Maryland also had their custom houses. And the advocates of a responsible central government finally persuaded these states to appoint commissioners who were to meet at Alexandria to form some plan which would regulate commerce and prevent smuggling. The commissioners met in March 1785 and decided to consult with the one man who was respected by all the states, George Washington. We find the commissioners at his home, Mount Vernon, where Alexander Hamilton is also a visitor. It's not merely the case of Virginia and Maryland on opposite sides of the Potomac gentlemen, but every one of our 13 states and our territory beyond the Alleghenies. You've traveled through that country yourself, I believe, General Washington. Yes, sir. And for a number of years, I've been working on the idea of a canal connecting the Potomac with the Ohio. A splendid project, sir. But if the canal is to be completed, gentlemen, Delaware and Pennsylvania also have to be consulted. I realize our people are widely separated. Merchants and fishermen in the northeast, planters in the south, farmers in the central states, trappers in the west, all have varied interests. We need some common bond, some way of making them all see their federal responsibilities. Well, our Articles of Confederation give Congress the right to pass laws for the benefit of all the states. Yes, but they don't give Congress power to enforce them. But Colonel Hamilton, our states are very jealous of their power. The proposition is self-evident, gentlemen. We are either a united people, or we are not. If we are afraid to trust one another with qualified powers, there is an end of union. General Washington is right, gentlemen, and his advice is worth accepting because we know it comes from an unselfish wish to unite the country he loves. Our states are drifting away from each other. There are too many quarrels over boundaries, duties, money, sharing the public debt. The courts and the laws are defied. It means chaos. Have you any solution, Colonel Hamilton? Yes, I have. With the regulation of Congress as a keynote, we propose that Virginia extend invitations to all the states to send delegates to a trade convention. And perhaps at the same time, we will be able to propose some plan for more important matters. If you mean the revision of the Articles of Confederation, Colonel Hamilton, many states will refuse to send delegates. It's a delicate subject. However delicate the revision of the federal system may appear, gentlemen, it is a work of indispensable necessity. So in September 1786, a convention was held in Annapolis. But so little was thought of the idea that only five states were represented, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia. However, it resulted in the call for another convention the following May. At first, the states were slow to respond. But on May 29, 1787, the most momentous convention ever assembled in America took place in historic Independence Hall, Philadelphia. A group of the delegates are talking before the convention is called what. Even in the face of this surprising representation, Mr. Hamilton, I can hardly make myself believe that what we are doing is strictly legal. There must be limit to the powers of this convention. And I took care of that when I drew up the call for the convention, Mr. Patterson. I believe it covers every phase of the matter. You really believe that the Articles of Confederation can be successfully revised? Yes, sir. Not revised, but discarded entirely. What, sir? We must have a new constitution. Don't you agree, Mr. Medicine? A constitution with a centralized government, Colonel Hamilton. But won't the states repel it to usurpation of our authority? Whatever we may submit, must be agreed upon by specially called conventions. They will be adequately protected. Good morning, Mr. Hamilton. I trust I see you well, sir. Good morning, Mr. Wilton. Gentlemen, this is Mr. James Wilton of Pennsylvania. Do you know Mr. James' Medicine of Virginia, I think? Yes, I do. And Mr. Patterson of New Jersey, in the Wells of Connecticut? I do. Well, gentlemen, a new set of ideas seems to have crept in since the Articles of Confederation were established. Conventions of the people, or with power derived from the people, weren't thought of. Without the confidence of the people, my dear Ellsworth, no government can long subsist. Oh, pardon me, gentlemen. I see Dr. Franklin entering the hall. I want to pay my respect. I think it would be fitting for us all to do likewise. Yes, right. A grand old gentleman over 80, they say. Yes, his body may not be as vigorous as formerly, but there's no finer mind in America today. No finer in the world, Mr. Wilson. Good morning, gentlemen. How are you, Dr. Franklin? Good morning, sir. Oh, colleague Wilton, I'm glad to see you. Good morning, sir. Good evening. To see all these gentlemen. Thank you. How is the friend of the human race today? We're grateful to have you to turn to for advice, sir.  Oh, no. You should have been named the president of this convention, sir. It's well called the savior of each country, and if I'm not mistaken, he's calling us to order to tell you the secret. Yes, gentlemen. Thank you, Mr. Wilson. Gentlemen, it is all too probable that no plan we propose would be adopted. Perhaps another dreadful conflict to be sustained. If to please the people, we offer what we ourselves disapprove, how can we afterwards defend our words? Let us raise a standard to which the wise and the honest can repair. The event is in the hands of God. A number of plans were submitted, but one based on federal supremacy and another on state sovereignty were at war from the start. The prejudices and personal interests caused long and bitter debates. At one time, when it seemed that the delegates would never come to an agreement, the wise and benevolent Benjamin Franklin suggested that a recess be declared for three days, during which time he proposed that the members of the convention mix with and listen to members who had different viewpoints. We find a gathering of delegates discussing what has been and what must be done. Gentlemen, everyone admits the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. Congress is impotent to raise money. It can't impose duties. It can't even settle a quarrel between the states. We all know it, and yet we can't agree on a remit. And a small state consists on equal representation of a large state. That is impossible. Unless there is representation by the population, it is extremely possible that a minority would soon rule the majority. But there's nothing to prevent two legislative branches, an upper house with equal representation of the states and a lower house with representation by population, each acting as a check on the other. And an executive who would act as a check on both, but who would check the executive? We have no wish to drift into monarchy. It could be arranged that under certain circumstances a bill could be passed over the veto of the executive. Each could act as a check on the other. Is one head as good as, say, three executives? A man would feel the responsibility more than several. And he could have a counsel to aid and guide him. Our state will never submit to despotism or tyranny. It's better than anarchy. Gentleman, gentlemen, I've listened to your argument with much interest. Oh, Dr. Frank, may I offer a suggestion? Oh, please do, Dr. Frank. Gentlemen, we were sent here to consult, not to contend with each other, but the state after state has broken the office of confederations. One has made a separate treaty with the Indians. Another has issued paper money with no coin behind it. What pleases the north is an atom of the south. We must prepare a constitution of compromises. Let us forget our contention, gentlemen, and to think now how we may best compromise. Much was still to be done before the work was accomplished. On the 8th of September, a committee was appointed to draw up the final document. From the 12th to the 17th, this final draft was debated by the convention. And on the 17th it was accepted unanimously by the 12 states represented, and signed by 39 delegates. But before the Constitution could become law, it had to be accepted by nine of the 13 states. Dr. Franklin was anxious that Pennsylvania should be the first to ratify. And on September 28th, 1787, in the legislature, he moved that a state convention be called. This was immediately the cause of bitter argument, which lasted for months, with no vote being taken. Early in December, a group of the convention members meet and discuss the situation. The Constitution's all wrong. It contains no Bill of Rights. May I reply to that, sir? Let's hear what Mr. Wilson has to say. Yes, welcome. Here, James Wilson. I was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. We discussed the Bill of Rights. We decided it was unnecessary. When we were under English rule, such a bill was necessary because our rights came from the King. Now the rights are with the people. And any power which hasn't been given to the central government remains with them. Have you gentlemen read the preamble carefully? I still say that the delegates exceeded their authority in making a Constitution at all. We claimed no authority. We made a Constitution which we thought necessary. And now it's laid before the states to ratify or reject as they see fit. Dr. Franklin says... Dr. Franklin is too old to know. And most of the work was done by a lot of young men. Madison and Hamilton, King and Tinkney... Where can a country turn it, not to its youth? Our country's too big for a central government. Welcome. Here's news. News just in by the post writer. Thank you. Just a moment, gentlemen, until I can read it, please. Well, Pennsylvania has lost her chance to be the first to accept the Constitution. On December 7th, Delaware ratified by a unanimous vote of its state convention. Though Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, and one by one the others followed. On April 30th, 1789, outside Federal Hall in New York City, a large crowd assembled to witness the inauguration of the first president of the United States. Among the onlookers are our friends, the New Jersey farmer, his son, and the man from Connecticut. Well, hello, Connecticut. Come down for the excitement. Then, darling, since early this morning, seems like everybody in the states is trying to crowd into this square. Well, it's a sight you've never seen before. No, we'll ever see again. The first president of the United States take in the oath of office. Where is the ceremony to be performed? Oh, yonder on that balcony, the one with the columns there. You can see the table there with the red cover. Oh, yes, yes. Never saw so many flags and banners all in one place. Oh, it's a great sight. I was bound, my boy, George, you wouldn't miss it. Oh, you're enjoying the celebration, eh, George? Oh, yes, sir. You should have been here this morning. General Washington was rode across the river in a big decorated barge by 13 Osmond, all dressed in white. Yes, and there was a parade from the wharf to the hall there, famous men from all over the country. You never heard such cheering, and I saw his excellency almost as near as I am to you. They say he's been welcomed all the way from Virginia. I know they erected a triumphal arch, Trenton, and there were women, all singing and truing roses in his fat. Yes. Someone's coming out on the balcony now. That's General Washington, the tallest man there. In the dark brown suede. Let's push away nearer. Excuse me, please. Let me by here. Where's that William in the black robe? Eh, that's Chancellor Livingston. He's gone to administer the oath. That's the Bible, isn't it, Father? Tying on the cushion? Yeah, must be. I will read the presidential oath. I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States and will the best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. Do you so swear to George Washington to solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States and will the best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. This is a great day for America, Father. The greatest son, we're a nation at last. They're raising the book, but he bows down to kiss it. Long, Washington! Quick! President of the United States! And so, by the adoption of the Constitution, the United States no longer a loosely bound group of single units took its place among the great nations of the world. To the value of them far-seeing men who made it possible, we owe a debt of gratitude and we salute them as leaders in the Cavalcade of America. Now we are pleased to welcome this evening's Dupont Cavalcade, Honorable Richard S. Rodney, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware. Judge Rodney is the descendant of George Reed, one of the original signers of the Federal Constitution. He is also a collateral descendant of Cesar Rodney, whose horseback dashed to Philadelphia made Delaware's vote unanimous for liberty and helped bring about the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Judge Rodney, you are something of authority in the Constitution as you are the owner of much of George Reed's correspondence. Do his letters reveal any unusual side-lights on the events of those days? Well, many of the letters written by the statesmen of the time have been published. Yet I suppose few people realize that one man signed the Constitution twice and another man whose signature apparently appears on the document never signed it at all. Well, that is interesting. How did it happen, Judge Rodney? Simply as a John Dickinson, the father of Delaware's delegates to the convention, had to return home before the signing ceremony took place. So he wrote asking his friend George Reed to sign for him. That's how it came about, that Reed signed the Constitution twice. While Dickinson, whose name appears as a signer, actually never did put his signature on it. Thank you very much, Judge Rodney. You found it pleased to have had you as a guest on this program, dramatizing those stirring days of America. Twelve years after George Washington was inaugurated first president of the United States, a sailing vessel the American Eagle dropped anchor at Newport, Rhode Island. Among its disembarking passengers were Pierre S. DuPont de Nemours and his two sons, Victor and Irine. Two years later in 1802, young Irine DuPont, encouraged by his friend Thomas Jefferson who was then president, to sell powder mill on the banks of the Brandy Wine Creek near Wilmington, Delaware. Jefferson himself used DuPont powder to remove rock from the grounds of its home at Monticello, Virginia. DuPont's tiny enterprise supplied powder that enabled frontier settlers to secure food and defend themselves against wild animals and Indian raids. Later as the nation grew, DuPont produced new types of blasting agents to help clear lands for farming, trails for the highways of the future, build railroads and deepen waterways for navigation. Still later at the turn of the century, the DuPont company established the chemical department dedicated to development work and research. As the needs of the nation grew, this department grew until today it is really the heart of the DuPont company. From the chemical department have stemmed a variety of DuPont chemical products which contribute to the comfort and convenience of modern life. One of the first of these was coated fabric now used for book binding, luggage and upholstery. Then came pyroxyl and plastic first employed in making toiletware now serving in almost countless ways from toothbrush handles to safety glass. Today there are six DuPont plastics for various needs. Next the DuPont company offered to expanding American industry the so called heavy chemical acid pigments and the like for making a great variety of useful things from wallpaper to automobile tires. About 20 years ago DuPont helped establish an American dye stuff industry to produce truly color fast dyes at low cost. Then came the man made yarn rayon followed by DuPont's development of the moisture proof transparent wrapping material cellulose film. DuPont, one forward step leading logically to another with a steady flow of new or...


Suppose A is a transformation we apply to a real object, for example a rectangle with sides made of actual materials. If we stretch along one axis, there will be a compression along perpendicular axes. Could we use this insight to represent our transformation in another way? So suppose we want to find a matrix A representing a stretch by a factor of p in the horizontal direction and a stretch by a factor of q in the vertical direction. We note that our transformation will take points x, y, and output points p, x, q, y. And so we have, consequently, our transformation matrix will be, let's consider our transformation of a real object again. We can construct the transformation by rotating so the axes of stretching and compression are aligned with our standard axes, stretching along our standard axes, and then rotating back. The sequence of transformations can be expressed as A being r negative theta lambda r theta, where r theta is the matrix corresponding to a rotation of theta, and lambda is a diagonal matrix.  And so the question we want to ask is, can we write all matrices this way? And the answer is, no. Well, let's see what we can do about that. For matrices we can write as r lambda r inverse, we have one matrix giving a rotation, one diagonal matrix, and one matrix giving an inverse rotation. So if we want to try and generalize this, we can maybe loosen the requirements. So let's think about that. If r corresponds to a rotation, then r inverse corresponds to the transpose of r.  And again, r is the matrix corresponding to a rotation, so if we're generalizing it, we'll allow it to be a different rotation, so we'll call it U. And lambda is still a diagonal matrix because we like diagonal matrices. Remember, diagonal matrices are very easy to work with. But since lambda makes us think about eigenvalues, we'll actually call this diagonal matrix sigma. And so the question you've got to ask is, can we write all matrices in the form A equals U, sigma, V transpose, where U and V correspond to rotations, and sigma is a diagonal matrix? And the answer is, yes. We define the singular value decomposition of a matrix A is the factorization A equals U, sigma, V transpose, where U and V are matrices corresponding to rotations, and sigma is a diagonal matrix. This always exists. We won't prove it here. How can we find the factorization? If A is symmetric, we can find U, sigma, and V transpose directly. Because if M is a symmetric matrix, then we can write M as r lambda r transpose. If A is not symmetric, well, we know that A transpose A is, and A transpose A will be... Now remember, the transpose of a product is the product of the transpose as taken in the reverse order, so we can rearrange this. Next, remember that U and V are supposed to correspond to rotations, and in that case, the transpose is the inverse, which means this product U transpose U is just the identity. And so our product simplifies. And because we now have a symmetric matrix, we know that one solution is some rotation matrix, the basis of the eigenspace of A transpose A, where sigma transpose sigma is lambda, the diagonal matrix of the eigenvalues.  Now since A A transpose and A transpose A are non-defective, there is an eigenbasis, and so we can always find U, V, and sigma, regardless of the dimensions of A. And what this means is that A does not have to be a square matrix in order to find its SVD factorization. This can be done for any matrix of any size. And this means that decomposition is universal, and as we'll see, it's an incredibly powerful way of representing a matrix.


Hi everyone. My name is Senthil Rammurthy. I am part of the Foundation DV team at Snowflake. Today, I'm going to present about instant backup and restore feature that we have been developing. First, I'll start off with explaining the current backup and restore implementation, and explain some of the challenges that we run into, and the new approach that we take, and how it solves some of our challenges, and what are the caveats with it. I'll conclude with a quick live demo of the backup feature. So the current backup implementation works at a logical level. A backup here is defined as a consistent copy of all the key values in the database. The consistent copy of the key values in the database are obtained by reading the entire database through the FDB stack. There are much more details about the current backup implementation, which I'm not going because of the time constraints. The restore works by playing back the backup key values into the FDB cluster again through the FDB stack. As you can see, if you want to read the entire key value in the database through the FDB stack, it consumes resources like CPU, network disk across the FDB cluster, and that impacts the foreground workload. The current restore mechanism also consumes resources. On top of it, it is slow. The FDB 3 version that we use is extremely slow. The future versions, it is supposed to get better, but it still may not meet our performance requirements. The impact of the current backup. This is a slide that Marcus, one of my teammates shared already. The pink bar here represents the IOPS purely driven by the backup process. This is from one of our production deployments. So let's switch over to the new Instant Backup and Restore and look at that approach. In the Instant Backup and Restore, we don't look at backup from a logical standpoint. We look at it from a physical standpoint. So backup here is defined as a consistent copy of all the disk images. Specifically, FDB takes an application level consistent snapshot of all the persistent data of all the FDB processes across the cluster. This collection of disk images form the backup, and you can copy this disk images over, attach it to another set of machines, and then you can restore the cluster instantaneously. So in this picture, there's a cluster one with a set of FDB processes, the gray boxes represents the FDB processes. Some of them have persistent data, some of them don't have persistent data. When you issue a snapshot command, which we introduced as part of this feature, it creates a copy of the disk images. The blue storage boxes that popped out are the snapshot disk images that came out as part of the snapshot operation. These blue disk images, if you can get a copy of them, those are the backup. The cluster two, it's like a vanilla cluster with no disk images attached to it. You can copy this disk over there and attach to it and you can bring up the cluster. Of course, you need to modify the FDB.cluster and foundation.db.conf, etc. A little bit of tooling is necessary, but the restores are pretty much instantaneous. For this feature to work, you need either a snapshotable file system or a snapshotable block storage. So this is pretty much the text of what I explained in the previous slide. So I'll just skip this. So how does FDB create a consistent snapshot across the FDB cluster? For that, let us go through the flow of the snapshot create operation. So this is a standard FDB cluster architecture, and there are really three persistent data, three sets of persistent data in the cluster. The coordinator which stores the information about where the master is or the T logs, etc. And the transaction logs which keeps the mutations and the storage servers that keep the end storage of all the key values. It's previous because I've already gone through this. So the client initially sends a request to snap the coordinators to the proxy which gets forwarded to the coordinators. The coordinators when they see this request, they go and snapshot their own file system or block storage based on the configuration. So basically the blue boxes that emerged out are the snapshot disk images of this coordinator. Once that is complete, the client sends a snap create command to snap the T logs in the storage.  Except that it is different in two ways, that this snap create command goes to every T log and every storage server in the system. The second way it is different is that when T logs in storage see this special command, they respond by creating a snapshot of their disks or the file system. So in this picture, you see the request goes to the T log and it creates a snap of their disk images. And then it sends a success to the client and shortly after, the storage is pulled the snap create and they snapshot themselves. So now all this blue disk images put together, make the snapshot, and you can bring it back as further stored. Since the snap create is a transaction, there is a version attached to it. And the storage T log, all of them will execute the snap create at the exactly at the same version of the database. That gives a point in time consistent image of all the disk images in the system. Now, there are three parts to this. The snap create is very cheap. We saw that it is as cheap as transacting a key value to the database. The second is copying of the disk images. This does take some resources, but it is significantly cheaper to copy the disk images at the lowest level, at the file system or disk level, rather go through the entire FDB stack. And this can be highly paralyzed and which will reduce the impact on the user workload. On top of this, many cloud providers give you an option to snapshot the disk images, block storage and have a copy of it available without you spending any additional resources from the production cluster. And the restores are instantaneous because you have the disk images, you just attach to your line any machine, set of machines and it is as much as the cost is like recovering a cluster. The disadvantages are dependency on snapshotable file system. And second, it's somewhat the production and the backup cluster has to be somewhat homogeneous. Now I'll switch over to the demo. This is instant backup really. So what I'm going to do, I have a cluster one, which is I'm going to start a workload on this and I'm going to watch the workload to make sure that the transactions are starting. There is a thing that says read rate transaction rates, etc. So now I see the transactions are progressing. Now I switch over, I'll start a CLI and I will create a snapshot. This response with the UID, which basically is all the disk images are tagged with this particular UID. And then I invoke a cluster copy on this one with that UID, which copies this disk images to the cluster two. As it is copying this workload is self-describing, we can validate this data on the second cluster by running a script. Now I'm going to, there is nothing to do here because the disk images have been copied. I'm just going to start the cluster here. And I'm going to watch for the cluster to come up. Okay, this takes few tens of seconds. And so the workload is self-describing so we can make sure it's a cycle workload for the FDB developers that the set of key values make a cycle and you can verify that the databases, the integrity is still there. So once it turns healthy, I'm going to run a quick, okay, it's taking its own time. Okay, it turned. Now I do a quick get range and then I cluster verify, which will take a while. So I'll leave it there and the integrity of the database gets verified. So that's the conclusion of my talk and we're excited that to have an alternative backup implementation for the FDB operators to leverage. Okay, thank you, Santil. Okay.


it is my privilege and pleasure to have teddy keg sat come on he's the author of the tiger forex report the brilliant author of the the report and i'd like to say teddy i think that we're real close to either breaking support levels or continuation patterns in the currencies i'd love to hear your opinions hi good morning basil uh great to see you this morning uh yeah the currencies right now and the people who are definitely uh following the tiger forex report must be really happy with the uh levels that we've hit over the past uh day or so and especially where we're at and we've definitely are on a pinnacle point right now as far as whether the trend is going to accelerate or are we going to possibly get a correction uh so yeah absolutely we can i can walk you through from the dollar index through a bunch of currencies or if there's something you want to highlight um well let me know could we could we start off with it with a dollar index since it's already very important absolutely absolutely all right so let me put this uh i'll pull the dixie i got it all right so yesterday um we hit our upside target number one around 105 93 we spiked above it we settled above it now we're trading below it um the way that if we were to settle right now let's say that now it was a 315 and the stock market closes and we were done for the day if the markets were to settle where they're at right now that would have us pretty much set up for at least i would say a short term correction of three to five days as far as economic numbers that we need to worry about we really don't have much until we have tomorrow we have the uh existing home sales and obviously jobless claims um if jobless claims trend lower um which obviously unemployment has been trending lower which something the fed does not want to have um and existing home sales too that's a number that probably may give a little bit of a shake up to the market now i can't i'm not going to say which way that number is going to go with that i i don't have any foresight or on that but if it does shake up the bonds in the 10-year that would solidify a correction potentially for the us dollar meaning that if the numbers come out you know we've been trending uh in an inflationary way if the numbers come out at least not inflationary or helping to fuel the current trend in interest rates which is higher yields and we get a short term bounce which is very potential to happen at least for a few sessions that would probably mean that we'll have a pullback in the dollar index which means the euro the pound and many other currencies will have a short term i'm not saying that they're going to trend and reverse against the dollar right now but i think that there's a good chance we could have a bounce and if you want me to give you some levels with certain currencies we can totally hit it um go over those because i'm really happy with the levels that we've hit um over the past session or two okay fire away let's let's go there okay all right so we talked about the dollar index and you know that like i said is if we were to close right now for the session i would say right now that that would mean that we would indicate that we would have a pullback so let's look at the uh the the bonds are also like i said reflection of that so we'll look at the euro us dollar which is the major component of the dollar index now the dollar index like i said is showing that potential signal the euro without a doubt if it was to close right now where it's at right now i think you would have follow through for the next three to five sessions regardless it could hit 107 i'm sorry could it hit 107 absolutely because we fell through 107 13 was the bottom of the critical support band that we had in the tiger forex report we fell through that on friday now we've been trendy we traded a little bit lower we made a lower move low over the past two sessions today we didn't make a lower move low we are actually almost taking out the hot we're just below the high of yesterday so yesterday the way we only settled a little bit lower than the open it almost like a doji bottom and now with today you have a bullish and golfing line forming off of yesterday's doji bottom if we were just like i said once again if we were to settle right now on the day it would indicate that the us dollar we should be in retreat for at least three to five sessions especially because with the euro making a move like today and especially if it closes or takes out the high of yesterday i mean that that's a that's a key reversal shift in momentum now does that mean the trend is going to change absolutely not i'm not trying to call a bottom in the market we're just made a lower move low i'm just saying that we're looking to have a swing high up or swing up to a lower move high at the very least okay so that's for the euro now let's get to the pound which is another big one in the dollar index so we have the pound which also came into our downside correction zone yesterday it has the same thing it's forming a bullish and golfing line as well if it does that that also is another indicator so you have your two key components of the dollar index that are going to give you signals like i said i'm not going to say i don't know how the market's going to close five six hours from now we could be making new lows on the day you know but if we were to close right now once again that is confirming the same thing that's really significant thing is the us dollar chf which i've talked to tommy about over the past couple of weeks how it's been trending higher where the other currencies like the euro and the pound have been chopping they've been grinding lows and what have you but they haven't been trending like like as fiercely as the dollar um swiss has the dollar swiss capped out a couple days ago and yet and on monday it finally touched our extended upside target and it's been plateauing like it's really buffering up a ceiling and now these other currencies are swinging off of these lows or highs you know depending on the relationship with the dollar and the swiss is just going like this sideways so that tells me that we are indefinitely in a good we have a good chance of having a correction once again for the us dollar versus most currencies are you going to have a severe correct you'd be talking like a breather in other words just a kind of relief from the move to to to regain strength is that really what you're saying yes absolutely yeah i see that as well okay good yeah especially because if you look at the 30 year and the 10 year we're coming off the lows and we're making a nice correction now set up for today but you gotta look at the pricing we're trading at levels we haven't seen since november of last year we're almost near the lows which means the high in yields you know i mean people were looking for the for the for the cuts they're not coming anytime soon i couldn't believe how many people would say that oh no rates are coming down rates are coming down well it doesn't look like it well it hadn't up until today and today you've got a little bit of a pullback in the tbt so i can see a pullback from tbt 3733 to test maybe the 3680s maybe 3650 but if it breaks under that it maybe it'll last a little longer right right and and that's why you know i like i've been talking to tommy about how we have to look at the the fundamentals where they're going on right now you know i mean are we going to sustain is a trend sustainable with where things are going right now probably not but i think is what we're doing is we've we're establishing we've already established a ceiling we know where the the floor is maybe you know now if if the talks about um raising rates actually start to come up back on the table obviously we're going to take out the lows of last year you know yields are going to go much higher you know and that is very possible if unemployment stays low inflation keeps going up which i mean oil with where it's at right now i mean come on now if oil starts gets up stays if it stays where it's at right now for the next three to four months you can't tell me inflation is not going to be rolling into the numbers you know titty we've got a break i don't know if you have time do you have time for just one more segment before we get as we go into the close i'd like to i'd like to just today is titty gets that and we're looking at titty i just had a question for you one of the reasons why i want you to keep over the break is you mentioned the tenure the tnx the way i've got the tnx at this particular point i'm looking at tremendous strength in the technicals i don't want to go through the technicals i use the 914 period moving average you use the mac d the regular strength index is stochastic at 89 percent but what do you see i mean in the short term and the medium term in the tenure in the tenure actually it's great question right now because i've been watching the spreads especially the two in the five year notes you know i mean when it comes to the trending in yields the the long term obviously drives the trend in the long term but the short term is what drives things in the short run and that's where you have to when you see the spreads how they move and the thing that's really i've noticed especially between the tenure the five year and the two year is that they're leading they're leading the charge you know and and i think that as the third year continues to follow with them that you're going to see especially like the tenure lead that charge you know and that's and especially with all the refinancing that needs to be done and and that's the thing that i think people don't look at when they look at yields they look at just like oh there's a 30 or there's a 10 years a five years a two year they don't look at the dynamics of what those individual note structures and structures mean and mechanically you know the reality is is that when rates were much lower our banks and our federal reserve financed a lot of stuff with short-term interest rates that's a big problem instead of having long-term debt when you're no matter what you have debt you have a certain debt level for any company or business or or definitely our government obviously because we have a national debt you want to finance that at low rates why would you have funded our government and also the banks why would they fund and hedge themselves with short-term rates especially when they knew rates were going up with a federal reserve it said we're raising rates you know now we've come into this conundrum the short-term is leading that charge because they know of all the refinancing that has to be done done where are you going to get the liquidity can i just ask you i know we're running out of time and i know that you've got this wealth of information what is the level on the team on the on the tnx the tenure trading at 46.28 right now what's the level that you think it will go even lower so that yields will go higher uh off the top of your head i think i think you have every bit of two to four handle basis points down that you can go depending on the economic numbers so i would say every


Let me just get this out of the way here really quick. So as I was saying last week, WrestleMania was coming up, right? Being at an empty arena. So anyway, so I watched it this weekend and I share a lot of sentiments with a lot of my fellow Pro-Wrestling fans that given what they had, they made it work in certain situations and I'll give you a few examples. But before we get started, please take the time to hit that subscribe button and the bell to stay notified of all of our videos right here on Miscellaneous Debris. There were two things specifically that stood out. On Saturday night, they had what was called a boneyard match between AJ Styles and the dead man, the Undertaker. Yes. I have a funny story about that by the way. He's still wrestling. The second night we had a Firefly Funhouse match between John Cena and Bray Wyatt. These were not your typical wrestling matches. One was shot in an actual wrestling ring, but really had little to do with actual wrestling. It was very, very story-based and the boneyard match between AJ Styles and the Undertaker was shot like a horror movie. They used red 4K cameras. It was very cinematic. The lighting was awesome. Both matches were about 30 minutes long. I don't even wanna call them matches or they weren't matches. They were just psychology fights. But I gotta say, those were two of the best things that I have seen on WWE television creatively and aesthetically that I've seen in years upon years upon years. And I don't think that we would have gotten that had this whole situation not arisen. So I'm really grateful that we were able to get that. However, with the rest of the matches that they showed, it was very, it was awkward. I took it as it was, but I gotta say, I give the whole entire experience two thumbs up, both for effort and for what I saw with what they were, with the hand that they were dealt.  You know what I mean? Right, right.  Let's go. Come on. You're kind of your partner for at least one, you know? Right. And then immediately you're like, okay, I need you for three. Yeah, right. By the way, these are all called Euker references. There's a great card game called Euker that people play in North. It's the greatest card game in history. The Undertaker, I'm like, is this like, is this like the Undertaker, like fifth version of him? Like, she's like, no, it's the same one. I'm like, he has to be like 70. Sorry, I looked it up. I think he's like, he's only like 60 or 50. Yeah, he's like 50, yeah.  So when we saw him at the Survivor Series in 1991, that was his second year in W, that was the end of his first year in WWE. And I believe he was like 24, 25 when that happened. I'm gonna find out. I think, don't quote me on that. I looked up the next day because I'm like, this guy's gotta be like 70. And he's not, he wasn't as old as I thought he was. He's only 55. He was born in 65. So at that one, he would have been 24 years old. Yeah. So I mean, I can't believe I can't believe he's still like he still does this as a thing like he only wrestles like once a year.  This thing might be like, but you go for it. Anyways, because it's all you got, right?  Nice. I'm trying to get all the hearts and like everything. So, OK, so explain to explain to everyone that doesn't know what happened to you the other day when you turned out to use all the game. All right. So we've had this Super Nintendo forever. I don't know if it's the original way we were kids, but we have this Super Nintendo and we have a game, you know, Legend of Zelda, Link to the Past, best game ever, probably in my opinion. Yep. I agree. And we had, I think there were, you can save three, three names in there or three games, right? Yeah. One of them was Rick D. I think one was Rick or whatever. I don't know if maybe you were up here too, I'm not really sure. But two of them were like done with the game.  Yeah. And one of them was like halfway done. I think maybe you had jumped in there one time. Yeah. Last time you were up here. But it was pretty far along. Well, quarantine starts and I was playing it and I was like, sweet. So I kept on going, going, going. And I got like halfway done, more than that. Halfway done with the Dark World stuff. So I had like a couple of the maidens, you know, and whatever. The crystals. And I just paused the game and turned it back to TV and I waited like two weeks. And I went to go, I went to go turn the game back on. And all I did was just I just flipped it over from, you know, you know, from the TV to there was like a game option for the input.  And I could, I could something was coming through, but you couldn't really see what it was. It looked like gibberish.  So I kind of messed around a little bit. I'm trying to move the cables around without pulling them out. And I'm like, nothing. So I'm like, well, I'll just turn the game off and turn it back on.   I had saved it. And then that's why I stopped the game to the TV, because I wouldn't just stop them or something.  Nothing comes up.  Nothing comes up. Do it like four or five times. Nothing. Nothing shows up.  So I eject the game. Do the old Nintendo stand by boiling into it. I don't know if it works. And then they tell you not to do that. But I do it anyways back in there. Nothing works.  So I hit the reset, the select. Yeah. I think it says reset. Maybe it says select. I hit that a couple of times. So nothing.   And it doesn't give you the option. Yeah. So yeah, I get the intro music and it goes right to the select your player. And there's nothing there. They're all gone. Through hall.  Even the one that's been there for probably 20 years is gone. Couldn't. I couldn't believe it. I'm like, I feel like I'm getting punked. I'm waiting for Ashton Kushner to jump out like. I was not happy about that. So anyways, I started over. So right now, I think I've got. I've got one full all the hearts in the top and I got like three in the bottom and I'm on the third palace in the dark world, second palace in the dark world, but I'm taking my time. I'm like trying to collect everything I can. I'm like, you know, trying to get everything. Yeah, I got the. Yeah, I got the quake medallion this morning and Zora's flippers and. So so that's one of my one of my things. So like whenever I'm playing a new game to keep in mind, like I know I've said this a million times, but like I am a I am a born again gamer, right? I don't do anything online because I feel that it will take up my entire life. But every game that I get. So like I've played in the past, you know, the Spider-Man on PS4, which is. Almost as good as was in his other length of the past, same thing with the Arkham Asylum, all the Arkham games. I played Wolfenstein New Order and now I'm in the middle of playing. Jedi Fallen Order on PS4. So my go-to thing is, you know, at the first go of the game, I'll play everything at the easy difficulty level because at that point I'm learning the mechanics and I'm not worried about how I'm completing the game. I'm worried about the mechanics. I'm worried about, you know, getting everything down as to how to play this game, as opposed to, you know, trying to beat it on the toughest level that there is the first time you're trying to do it. So, you know, I gradually progress. Like, so how I did with like Arkham Asylum and all those games was I would beat the game first. And then I would figure out, you know, where everything was and then I would change the difficulty and I would raise the difficulty and then I would, you know, I would beat it on that level. And then I would, you know, but the beating it isn't exactly the point of these games. You know what I mean? Like how you're saying, you know, you've got to get all the Riddler trophies. You've got to get all of the all the the the chattering teeth.  You want to make sure that you get all of the all of the the tools that you can get, which you don't have to do. No, you don't have to. There that you can it's just there to do it. So, I mean, like as I progress in the game or how many times I play it, I change exactly what I'm trying to accomplish while I'm doing that. So I I understand the the the purpose of getting it done by with 100 percent. You know what I mean? Ah, you want to get it done, too. Yeah. Can I can I do I'm going to do some griping now.  Like I can't believe that they couldn't pick a better animal to fly you around in Hyrule when you blow in a flute. No, it's a duck. Is it a duck? I thought it was a pigeon. It's a duck. I'm like, couldn't you get like an eagle or something? Like, do you actually think a duck is going to pick someone up and fly him around this world? Like, yeah, who thought of this stuff? I don't know. It's a yeah. You might as well get one of the kitchen or the chickens from the village.  What's your what's your go to weapon in that game? I haven't got it yet. But the next one I think I'm I think I get when I beat the next palace is to hook shot. Oh, yeah. So it's the hook shot for sure. It just does. It just it does so much. Yeah, it's pretty it's pretty cool. It's it's got it's got a faster release than the boomerang. It has the same effect where it pauses the enemy. Yeah, and then it will kill them after the second try.  It's the best. It's the most versatile one. I spent like 25 minutes this morning trying to. You know, in the I think it's in the dark world. No, or maybe it's not. I don't remember now, but you spend like they give you like 30 seconds to dig through a field like she gives you a shovel. So yeah, yeah, yeah, it's completely random. Yeah. And I must have dug. I mean, you can only realistically get through maybe a quarter of all the field for your time runs out, right?  I was getting so pissed.  The very first time I jumped in that field, I dug it up and it bounced. It was on the very edge right by some trees. And when I dug it up, it bounced into the tree and I couldn't get it. Oh, I had to go back like there are 10 times and it finally came to me. But, you know, this this morning, I was just getting pissed. Like, come on. I'm pretty sure that's in the light world right by the the library where you get the hookup. It is. It's in the it's in the light world. It's in the very left hand side of the. Yeah. No, it's in the light world because I think what I when I'm doing right there is like I'm portaling from a dark world to the light world right by that. So I'm just going to. Yeah, I'm jumping in between light and dark world like almost every five minutes now. So now. So to me, that is the. You know, and also I never played Nintendo 64. I didn't play GameCube. I haven't played we any. I need I've I've not played a single Zelda game since Legend of Zelda Link to the Past. So the only frame of reference that I have are the first one, the second one and Link to the Past.  Uh, yes, I don't remember the game exam. I'm trying to I'm having a hard time remembering. So like, yes, it was the first one and Link to the Past were where, you know, the open world top down view, right?  Yes, you know, it turned like a Mario World where it's like, yeah, it was the worst, the absolute worst. No, the first one and Link to the Past are very similar in gameplay. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. You know, yeah, I remember Legend of Zelda 2 just being. Correct. The back word was I was very disappointed by it. Let me see if I can find something here. But I've heard that the latest one that came out on Nintendo Switch is great. I think it might be called Breath of the Wild, but I've also Wind Waker. I heard it was a good one. The Majora's Mask, I heard it was a good one. It was horrible.  Yeah, Zelda 2. I'm I'm just looking at photos of it. Like, oh, yeah, it's the worst ever now. It's more like a Mario type. Yeah, yeah.  Really, really cool insight on old video games. But also like with with Cinemastiker and the Angry Video Game Nerd. I mean, there are people that swear by Legend of Zelda 2 being the best Zelda game that has ever been made. And, you know, maybe if I ever get a Nintendo again, I will hardly go and see what it is. Hard, yeah. I mean, I think maybe because I just I just love links to the past so much, like playing games like that. When it's like characters in a familiar world, like you want to play him in the way that you like at the mouse. And I just think that's too much. It's like Metroid, right? Like all the Metroid games I can remember are all very similar. You're always shameless and you always can. It the game plays very similar. Just different worlds, you know, more elaborate, whatever. Yeah, like if they were to put that type of world, like into Zelda, I don't think I like it as much.  Like, I think they did it with Mega Man. Like, I think Mega Man, they change the game play. And when I was like, I can't remember. There's so many of them. Oh, my God, why would you mess with the formula of Mega Man? That's like such a tried and true thing.  So like we went from Nintendo to PlayStation. Yeah, we went from the PlayStation one to PlayStation two, then you got an Xbox. And then I got the Xbox 360 and then I got a PS4.  Yes, for sure. You know, we never played 64. We never played the Gamecube. We never played. There's other ones that I guess I guess I guess we was kind of left Nintendo in the dust. So we didn't, you know, get to experience the new we did with Legend of Zelda or with Metroid, for that matter. I remember Super Metroid just being like, oh, maybe that's what I'm thinking. The first Metroid, but just with better graphics. I think all the Metroid games are very similar. Yeah, you know, just they're just better looking. Yeah. I'm trying to think like Mega Man, Mega Man two, I'm looking at Mega Man's right now. But in saying that, I remember with the Legend of Zelda, like they went from, you know, a link to the past to let me look it up here.  Just the order of what they came out with. Zelda games in order. Yes, what is it?  Oh, so you got the Legend of that's not right. Legend of Zelda. Zelda to the adventure link. Yep. A link to the past for Super Nintendo. Yep. Link's Awakening for Game Boy. So so Link's Awakening for Game Boy, that game is just a link to the past on Game Boy. I mean, there's different things to it. But like I remember that the gameplay being very similar and the graphics being very similar as well. Right. So then you have the. Ocarina of Time that you said that. Yes, Ocarina of Time. Now, I have heard in many, many, many people online that that is the best Zelda game that ever been made. But they changed the graphics when they went to that that style of gameplay, like if they turned it into an open world. But I never like it was like really cheesy like Nintendo Wii graphics. You know what I mean? It wasn't like they had the technology and they're trying to figure out to use it. How can we change it to, you know, use the technology instead of how do we use the technology to improve the game? You know, it's very Star Wars prequel. Too much digital. So then you got you got Majora's Mask in 64. Yeah. Oracle of Ages for Game Boy C. What's GBC? Game Boy Cube, Game Boy. Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Color. Game Boy Color. Then Oracle of Seasons, Game Boy Color. And then I've got this one a link to the past for Swords for Game Boy Advance. I've got that game. How is it? It's good. It's very similar to a link to the past for SNES. Yeah. Is that the one where you play with like four different links? I don't remember. It's been it's been so long since I played it. I should play it. I should play it. But we're bad out. Yeah, we're bad out, man. That way, that sounds weird. Really weird. Anyways, there's a whole bunch of other games. But yeah. But yeah.  But that's one of the things I want to do as you know, the problem you know what the problem is is because. When you stop using Nintendo, you're not playing those games anymore. And when you go away from the Xbox or PS2 to Xbox, I mean, you're done. I mean, you're done with all the Nintendo games until the Wii came out. And even then, I wasn't impressed with the options. Like I thought the Wii was a it was cool. And it was more for. It was a marketing play. As far as I'm concerned, it was it was all marketing. And I played it, but I wasn't happy with it. Like, but you know, until Nintendo comes back with a true council. Yeah, you know, which I don't think the Nintendo switch is a real council. I think it was like a hybrid between you wanting to play on the big screen and everything being more mobile, right? And they have that they have a game called Breath of the Wild, which I heard is pretty good. And someone I worked out play it, but I'm like, I don't have a switch. It ain't going to happen. So yeah, I'm not going to I'm not going to be buying a switch anytime soon. If you have Nintendo, if you would like to donate a switch to us, if you're listening, and we would be happy to play it and review it and and, you know, I'll even pay for shipping. Wow, you know what? I'll second that. I'll pay for shipping as well. That's good. I'm happy for you. And you know what? Ship ship to me first. I'll pay double the shipping if you ship to me first. Wow. Wow. I'm not paying more than that. So now this is like the whole debate.  I'm only ever like, what do I get an Xbox 360 or a PS4? To me, it's like the same thing. A lot of the games are cross council, so, you know, I could play you online and some other games, you know, but vice versa. But shit, I really wanted a PS4, but I really love Halo. And you're not going to find it on PS4. Yeah. You know, I was very I was surprised to learn that Halo was never made for PS4. And it seems like a huge, it seems like a huge blown opportunity. I think I think I think, yeah, I know, but I think. People like to keep the branding so that they have their own games. And I understand it. But I think they're I mean, if you if you could do that. Just think about the money you make. It's like Sony and Martin Disney. Yeah, it's over the Spider-Man. You know, it's just like, dude, figure it out and make some more money. Exactly. Yeah. God damn.


The 3 Powerful Words That Can Change Your Life Socrates was an Athenian philosopher. In fact, he was considered the greatest philosopher to ever live. But if you were opportune to meet Socrates today and asked him for an advice that can change your life, what advice do you think Socrates may give you? In this video, we'll be sharing with you what's probably the best advice Socrates can ever give you and it's in three simple words. If you're new here, consider subscribing so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. Now take a moment to look around you and see a few people who succeed and millions others who don't. What do you think separate these two groups? Maybe many things but one important reason why most people don't succeed in life is because they really don't know who they are. They are strengths and weaknesses. They are talents, potentials and inabilities. That's why Socrates gave an important advice which is know thyself. In my opinion, the three most important words in English are know yourself. Know yourself first.  But why is this important? Let me tell you a personal story. As a young boy of about 16, I confronted myself with the question about who I am. I really wanted to know what my strengths and weaknesses are. I wanted to know what kind of life I should live as an adult, what career path I should pursue, who I should marry and all of that. Because there is no simple answer to this question, it took me more than two years to really get all of the answers I needed. I had to read books, spend time alone accessing myself and thinking through what I love and hate. The end result of that exercise is that as an adult, I really never have problems saying no to a lot of things. I never have problems saying no to many things because I know myself and I know what I can do that will make me happy. Not just the career path, even when I wanted to get married. Because I know who I am, I simply know who can fit my life. In short, I can tell you that if any exercise can drastically change your life, that's know yourself first. Today we have a world where people's decisions are being influenced by social proof, trends and societal norms. While this seems to make our life easier, it eventually leads us to everlasting sadness. Like for instance, if you are a brilliant student in most countries, your parents want you to become a doctor, lawyer or an engineer. That's the standard of the society and most of us fall for that. So many people dreamed all their life to work in a bank because the society says the bankers are rich, only to discover that they are never happy doing so. The solution to this problem is know yourself first. Every society has the definition of the good woman or the man to marry. If you don't know yourself, you'll fall victim because you are a unique individual. Know yourself first. Our society has the definition of success and that's usually like becoming a millionaire. Unfortunately, nobody is happy because it has a million dollars in the bank. People are happy because they are doing what's in agreement with their inner values. Like for instance, if you know that stealing is a bad thing, stealing a million dollars will not necessarily make you happy because you get that money by doing something which is against your internal value. If you are a personal values family for another example, though the society believes that anyone who makes above $100,000 per year should be happy, you'll be a miserable person even if you make $200,000 but never have time for your family. If you love a serene lifestyle and hate public attention, even though everyone thinks riding a Ferrari is cute, buying one may make you miserable because of the unwanted attention you get as a result. By now, you can see that it's very important to know who you are but let me emphasize this, you are a unique individual who is completely different from everyone in the world. For you to become truly happy and successful, you have to say no to most things everyone thinks is normal. Instead, you have to make decisions based on your deep understanding of who you are.  1. Stop thinking that the society's norms are made for you Every society has many unwritten norms and customs. If you grew up in the US, you may think it's normal to buy things you cannot afford since you can always use your credit card. If you grew up in India, you may think it's normal for women to pay dowry to marry men.  However, if you truly want to live a happy life, you have to sit back and separate yourself from the societal pressures. Without this, you may never have the opportunity to know that you are a unique human being who should think and make decisions based on what works for him, not based on what everyone thinks is right. 2. Spend a lot of time alone Ours is a very noisy world. We are the busiest generation ever in the history of the world. Our attention span was once in minutes. Now it's in seconds. We rush through everything and even while we have nothing to do, the internet gives us more than enough. We can connect with people via social media and spend as much hours as we wish. We spend time with our works, our friends and our phones but we've got no time to spend with ourselves. You think about that. The reason why you know your friends or spouse is because you spend a lot of time with them. How then can you know yourself if you don't spend time with yourself? Cultivate the habit of staying alone without any distraction from your phone or the TV. Just meditate about your past. Think about the time in the past when you feel so happy. Think about things you were doing at that time. Think about some very important decisions in your life like career and marriage decisions and think about things that influence you to take those decisions the way you did. To know yourself, you have to spend time with yourself. 3. Write down three things you do with extreme ease even though your friends find them difficult to do. I love writing and I never knew how important writing will be in my career. Today, I've made more money from writing than anyone in my family can ever believe but I also know so many people who cannot write a thousand words with ease. What are those things you do with extreme ease? How can you monetize them? If you don't know any answer to these two questions, kindly ask people you think you may know because you may discover that your life's career is simply a hobby of yours. 4. Answer this question, if there is no money, what career path would you follow? One of the worst mistakes people make is to follow a career path that promises much money. If you do this, you'll wake up one day with a lot of money and zero fulfillment. If you have all the money in the world, what job would you do? As for me, if I suddenly become richer than Bill Gates, I'll still love to do business, write and teach business because I just love those games. What would you do if you need no money? That may be what you should do now because that's an indication to what makes you happy. 5. Pause and question common assumptions The society says that I'll be happy if I'm famous, is that true? The society says that I'll be rich if I graduate from school as one of the best students, is that true? The society says that I'll be fine and happy if I work for big companies like Apple and Google, is that true? Based on who I am and what I know about myself, are all these assumptions true? Make it your habit to pause and question common assumptions.  6. Read a few books about temperament Many years ago, I borrowed a book from one of my friends. It's titled Why You Act the Way You Do by Tim Laa Yee. I advise you should read this great book. Reading this book changed my life. I got to know my temperament and those of others I met. This way, I don't just know who I am, I become more tolerant and understanding about other people because I can know people's temperament within a few hours of working with them. Knowing your temperament will reveal many of your strengths and weaknesses to you, what to focus your energy on and what to avoid completely. 7. Read other good books People who are more decisive are usually people who are confident. People who are confident are usually people who read because knowing what others don't know makes us have the confidence we need to do what we ought to do whether they approve it or not. Somehow, we tend to believe that we are better than those we know more than so we can easily do anything they don't approve. Expand your knowledge and you will have confidence to know yourself. A spoon can never do a good job of writing. A bird can never do a good job of swimming. A horse can never do a good job of climbing the tree. Living under the sun is unique and so are you. You can never function very well in life until you know yourself, so I advise that you should know yourself first. Thank you very much for watching our videos, we'll like to give you another interesting video for you to enjoy next but before then, our team will be very happy if you can like this video and share it with your friends on social media. If you are new here, don't forget to subscribe so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. Click at your screen now to see two other videos we handpicked for you to enjoy next. We love you.


The Mutual Broadcasting System, in cooperation with Family Theatre Incorporated, presents Son of Mine, starring Ward Bond and Richard Lyon. Eddie Cantor is your host.  Now your Family Theatre host for tonight, Eddie Cantor. This is a very busy world in which we live. Whether you're in Hollywood or New York, it's just the same. You find people rushing around here and there, back and forth. You call up a friend to say hello. Before you get halfway through telling him your troubles, he says, but I'm too busy to talk now. Your friends are too busy to call. Your relatives too busy to write. Everybody's too busy. Yes, sometimes too busy to do a lot of things like being kind and thoughtful, too busy to be smiling and cheerful, or lend a helping hand to those who need it. And many homes are unhappy because parents haven't time for their children, haven't time to get together as a family. Why? Well, they're too busy, that's all. We need a little more time out, folks. Yes, all of us, especially at home. We'd have a lot more happier homes if people took more time out for home life together, more time out for family prayer. Yes, that's important, because if we're too busy to think of God, too busy to find time for family prayer, then we're really too busy. We'll hear from Eddie Cander again later in the program. Now, Family Theater presents Son of Mine, starring Ward Barn, Richard Lyon, with Dan O'Hurley. My name is Mark Bronson. Beth, she's my wife. Well, we'd been married three years before Randy, our only child, was born. Having him meant an awful lot to us. Maybe we spoiled him a little. I'm not sure. Well, Randy's 12 now. This year, we sent him up to Cloverdale School. That took a lot of juggling of the budget and cutting corners here and there, but it was worth it. Cloverdale is a fine school. Randy's meeting a lot of nice kids there, sons of important families, kids with background. Everything was fine until last week. Last week, a letter came from Headmaster Elliott, inviting me to attend the annual Father and Son Day. That's a traditional affair at the school. It was something I hadn't counted on. Beth thought I was crazy when I told her I wasn't going. Nonsense, darling. Of course you're going. Randy'd never forgive you if you stayed away. Now, wait a minute, Beth. You don't get what I'm driving at. I don't want to embarrass the boy. Embarrass him? Beth, listen. The kids that go to Cloverdale are sons of big men, men high up in the business world. How do you think Randy's going to feel when he has to explain that his father is only a drug store manager? Oh, Mark, that's ridiculous. Besides, Randy'll be expecting you. All the other fathers will be there, and then you'll be with Randy when he comes home for the Thanksgiving holidays. Beth, don't you understand how much it means to a man to have his son look up to him with respect? Why, up there, I'll be out of place. Randy'll be proud to have you there. Prouder, probably, than most of his friends are of their fathers. That's a nice sentiment, darling. Well, kids are funny. I don't want to run the risk of losing Randy's respect. There'll be big businessmen and bankers, and, well, I'm only a small-town pharmacist. Oh, what has that to do with the deer? Don't you know that to Randy, you're the most important person in the world? Well, around a small town like this, he thinks I'm somebody, but... You want him to continue to think so. Of course you do. Then go up to Cloverdale and act just the way you've always acted. That's what Randy will expect. That's what will make him the proudest boy in the school. Beth won out. She usually does. And usually, she seems to know what's right and what's best. Sending Randy to Cloverdale was her idea. I had to admit it was a good one. But going up to Cloverdale for a father and son day, well, I felt that was out of my style. Anyway, we wired Randy that I'd be there. We dug into our savings and bought a new suit for me. Beth got out the tie Randy had given me last Christmas and packed my bag. We were up early on the big day and drove to the station in our old car. Well, how do I look, Beth? Like a big banker? Oh, you look wonderful, darling. Randy'll be proud of you. I wish I could be sure. You know, Beth, this is the first time I really wanted to be something more important than a drugstore manager in a little town like Lakeville. Darling, you are important. To Randy and me, you're the most important person in the world. Don't you ever forget that. Beth. Yes, darling? Did I ever tell you that I'm the luckiest man in the world? The luckiest? Yeah, to have you for a wife. I married a pretty nice guy myself. Oh, go on here. You'll miss the train. OK, goodbye, Beth. Oh, goodbye. When I was alone, my doubts returned. I knew I was heading into a situation where my own son might compare me with others. Maybe it was foolish, but I kept thinking of how Randy was going to take it when he saw what small potatoes his dad was against all the big shots. The miles passed slowly. I must have dosed off a while, woke suddenly. We were pulling into the Cloverdale station. I saw Randy waiting there to meet me. One look at the kid's face, and I knew I was right. He was worried. Hello, Randy. Hi, Dad. How are things, kid? You're looking great. Gosh, I'm glad you could come, Dad. Is Mom all right? Mom? Well, I sure Mom's well. Everything OK with you? Yes, sir. Everything's fine. Say, it's a pretty big day here at Cloverdale, huh? Yes, sir. It's about the most important day of the year, I guess. Having all the fathers and sons together. I'll bet. Say, I'd like a chance to freshen up a bit before I meet anybody. Yes, sir. We can go up to my room. It isn't far. I'll carry your bag. Nothing doing. What are you trying to do, make an old man out of me? I'll carry my own bag. Come on, boy, let's go. Randy had never called me sir before. It was something they'd taught him here at Cloverdale. It gave me a proud feeling. We started across the campus toward Randy's quarters. Neither one of us said much. I could tell the youngster was uneasy as we walked past the cars parked all over the place. Big, shiny, expensive-looking jobs. We went up to Randy's room. I changed into my new suit. We started back across the campus, heading for the hall where the reception was being held. Well, how do you like my new suit, Randy? It's nice. Your mother helped me pick it out. She wouldn't let me get the plaid I wanted. Said the blue made me look more dignified.  Mad? Mad at what? At mom, making you buy a blue suit. Well, I should say not. It'd take more than that to get me mad at mom. She's pretty swell, isn't she, dad? But she is. Kind of misseeing her, don't you, Randy? Yes, sir, I do. Well, that's natural. After all, it's... Did mom drive you to the station, dad? Sure. Did she kiss you goodbye? Well, of course. She gave me a kiss for you, too. But I guess maybe you're too old now to be kissed by your father, huh? Yes, sir. I guess so. Here we are at the reception, dad. Say, there's quite a crowd here. There's Bobby. Hey, Bobby. One of your friends? Yes, sir. Hi, Bobby. Hi, Randy. I've been waiting for you. Dad, this is Bobby Dale. He's my best friend. Hello, Bobby. Hello, Mr. Bronson. Randy's told me a lot about you and his mom. So you and Randy are pals, huh? Yes, sir. We've been pals ever since school started. Hey, there's my father over there. Dad? Dad, over here. Well, Bobby, find your friend, did you? Yes, sir. Dad, this is Randy. And this is his father, Mr. Bronson. Hello, Randy. Oh, nice meeting you, Bronson.  Oh, yes. Bronson, Bronson. You couldn't be Alex Bronson. No, no, I'm Mark Bronson. Sorry. I thought for a minute you might be Alex Bronson. Well, last week, he put over one of the biggest deals. No, I'm Mark Bronson. What lie are you in, Bronson? Lie? Me? Oh, I'm in drugs. Drugs, eh? Understand there's a rising market coming. Where's your plant? Plant? Dad doesn't have a plant, Mr. Dale. He runs a drugstore in Lakeville. That's where we live. And it's got a soda fountain, too. A real one. Oh, I see. Drugstore with a soda fountain. Well, well. Pardon me, Dad. There's Mr. Elliott. He said he wanted to see you. Oh, yes, Elliott. Yes, of course. Excuse me, Bronson. Come along, Bobby. I want to see what he has to say. OK, Dad. See you later, Randy. Bye, Mr. Bronson. So long, Bobby. Bye. Gosh, he's swell, isn't he, Dad? Who? Bobby's father. Oh, yes, of course, a fine man. They live in a great big house and have a yacht, too. That must be fun. Yes, it must be. That other man over there is Mr. Elliott, the headmaster. I guess we should go over and meet him, Randy. Well, he seems busy now. We can meet him later. Come on, Dad. I want you to meet some more of my friends. We went from one group to another. I wondered why the kid didn't have sense enough to see what was happening. Why did he have to make matters worse? There wasn't any getting out of it now. Nice meeting you, Bronson. You don't say a drugstore, with a soda fountain, too. Excuse me, Madam Bronson. I see Franklin Jones over there. I want to ask him a question. I once knew a chap who started out running a drugstore and made himself a nice living. Work his way up. Well, well, a drugstore with a soda fountain. Everything all right, Dad? Sure. Everything's fine. Let's just sit here a while. OK. I guess you've met about everyone now. Did you like Mr. Elliott? Oh, yeah, sure. Seemed to be in quite a hurry. I guess he has to meet everybody. I wonder what he meant by saying he has something important to see me about. You're not in trouble, are you, son? No, Dad. I'm doing all right, I guess. You keeping up in your classes? Sure, Dad. You saw my reports. I've been second in the class. Yes, you've done very well, Randy. Never been able to be first, though. Bobby beat me every time. Bobby Dale? Yeah, he's good. What's your friends? He's my best friend. You know, when you're up here, away from home, well, he's good at sports, too. You seem to do all right at sports.  Mom was happy about it? Very happy, Randy. I'm glad. Say, Dad, they're going to have sports events for the father's later. What kind of sports events, Randy? Oh, races and games and things. Over at the athletic field. You don't have to enter if you don't want to, Dad. Why shouldn't I enter the sports events? Say, I used to be pretty good at that sort of thing. OK, Dad, only? Only what? Well, I don't want you to feel that you have to get in them just because of me. You mean you're afraid your old man will embarrass you. Well, don't you worry, son. This is something I'm good at. Come on, let's get over there and get started. This was the chance I'd been waiting for. When it came to sports, I could do something that Randy would be proud of. After all, maybe I wasn't a big shot in business, but this was something different. There was a crowd gathered on the athletic field. Winthrop Dale was there. Shirt sleeves rolled up. He looked surprisingly fit, too. One of the committeemen came over, and I signed up for two of the events. Then we walked over to where the fathers were lining up. All ready for the father's big race. Line up here, please, and make sure you don't hurry too much. You're in this, Dad. Go ahead, show them. You bet I will, son. Just watch my smoke. Right over here, gentlemen. Mr. Dale, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Ronson, Mr. Diskin, Mr. Hello there, Ronson. So, we're going to do some running. We'll take it easy because I'm going to win this one. I'll do my bragging when the race is over, Mr. Dale. Good idea, Ronson. That's a good idea. Ready, gentlemen? On your mark, get set, and here we go. I should have known better. I hadn't tried anything like this for 10 years. I was winded after the first 20 yards. I could hear my heart pounding and felt weak as I watched the others reach the finish line. When Thrupp Dale won the race, I came in last. Then came the broad jump. It was even worse than I had expected. I was disqualified in the first round. I could hear the kids laughing among themselves. I saw the older men grinning. Randy's face were a stony look. I knew he felt pretty low. I went over to him and we walked back across the campus toward the gymnasium. Sorry, Dad. You feeling all right? Sure, son. I'm fine.   Maybe during next summer, I'll take time to practice up. You and I together, Randy, and the next year we'll show him. I guess I gave a pretty terrible performance that I thought I'd do better. It doesn't matter, Dad. Honest, it's all in fun. I could tell that Randy was doing his best to sound like a good sport. I thought if there were just one thing I could do, just one thing that would justify best faith in me and make Randy proud of his old man. But I knew now that there wasn't. We got ready for the banquet that was scheduled for 7 o'clock. We were on our way down to wait in the recreation room when I saw headmaster Elliot coming in our direction. Hello there, Mr. Bronson. I've been looking for you. How are you enjoying things? Fine, fine, thank you. And you, Randy? Very good, sir. Randy, will you run over to my office and get my briefcase from Mr. Williams? Yes, sir. There's a little matter, Mr. Bronson, something I wanted to discuss with you. We can go in here. Yes, sir. Have a chair, please. I don't want you to misunderstand me, Mr. Bronson. We pride ourselves in our school spirit here at Cloverdale on the way we make the boys feel at home. Yes. But of course, sometimes it happens that a boy just doesn't fit into things. No matter how I... You mean that Randy doesn't fit into things at Cloverdale? Hasn't he spoken to you about it? No. He told me he was doing well. Oh, he's doing well in his grades. But there are other things of equal importance with classwork. You see, Randy is different from most boys here at Cloverdale. Different? In what way? Well, he comes from a home where he was very close to his parents. You see... Yes, yes. I see, Mr. Elliot. I see very clearly. You mean his father is different from the fathers of the other boys around here. You mean no one can point to me and say, there's Randy's dad. He made a million in steel or... Oh, no, no, no. Wait a minute, Mr. Bronson. I said nothing of the kind. I wanted to say that Randy is a sensitive, introspective boy. A boy who worries about things far beyond his years. He has nothing to worry about here except his background. Maybe Randy hasn't any background because his father runs a drugstore. Maybe the boy isn't any credit to Cloverdale. Is that what you mean? Mr. Bronson, please. You're misinterpreting my intentions entirely. Exactly what are your intentions, Mr. Elliot? Merely to explain that Randy is not completely happy here at Cloverdale. He's worried about you and Mrs. Bronson, his mother. About what do you mean? Please, Mr. Bronson. I thought a suggestion would be sufficient. I may as well tell you, sir, the suggestion is insulting. Well, I'm sorry. I had hoped we could have a quiet talk and come to a better understanding. I've only the interest of Randy in mind. I want to help him. He's been very lonely and worried. I thought you might have some suggestion. Yes, I have a suggestion. Randy won't be returning here. Randy won't be coming back. Come in. Oh, that's all right, Randy. Come on in. I just as soon not discuss this anymore now, if you please. That's perfectly all right. Any decision you make in the matter is your privilege, Mr. Bronson. But all the same as I. Please, please. All right. You got the briefcase, Randy. Yes, sir. Thank you. Excuse me, Mr. Bronson. Is there something wrong, Dad? What? You look pale. Are you feeling all right? Oh, yeah, sure. I think we've gotten a fresh air, son. I want to straighten out something in my mind. We walked around the campus a few times. I made three or four attempts to talk to Randy, but I was too upset. Finally decided to wait until after the banquet. Things were underway when we got to the hall. Bobby Dale had saved a couple of seats for us beside himself and his father. I didn't eat much. I sat there feeling miserable and wishing it would end. We could get back home. Then Headmaster Elliott began calling on some of the fathers for impromptu speeches. I knew we were nearing the end of the affair when Winthrop Dale's name was called. He spoke briefly and significantly.  It's a secret for success. Make yourself important and necessary in whatever job you have. Have confidence in yourself. That's the secret if you want others to have confidence in you. Thank you. Mr. Dale made a good speech, didn't he, Dad? He certainly did, son. Your friend Bobby has every reason to be proud of his father. And now I'm going to ask Mr. Mark Bronson to favor us with a few words. I could see the upturned faces of the fathers and their sons watching me as I stood up. Cold beads of perspiration broke out on my forehead. I felt I was stumbling through what I wanted to say. I didn't have any secret of success to give them. I couldn't tell Headmaster Elliott or the others how I felt about them. But I wanted to say something, something about friendship and a man's greatness as measured by his being true to himself, to his ideals, to his friends, to his loved ones and his home. I was afraid I had put it badly and sat down with a feeling of uneasiness. Gosh, Dad, that was swell. Bronson, that's one of the finest things I've ever heard. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Bronson. Thank you for an inspiring talk, something from which I am sure every father and son will find. Randy and I walked back across the campus for the last time. Moonlight streaming down through the trees made a moving pattern on the ground. All around us, we could hear the sound of voices, boys and dads saying goodbye, saying that they'd meet again after the holiday. We came to a bench beneath some maple trees and stopped. Let's sit down a minute, Randy. Sure, Dad. I guess you must be tired. Yes, yes, I am. I'm tired. I'm tired in a lot of ways, son. Dad? Yeah. There's something, well, there's something I want to talk to you about. OK, Randy. What's on your mind? Well, it's about Mom. Mom? Is she? Are you sure she's OK, Dad? OK? Sure, son. I've already told you. Mom's fine. What I mean is, is everything OK between you and Mom? Between Mom and me? Well, of course. Why shouldn't it be? What are you getting at, son? Well, Bobby. Bobby hasn't gotten any mother. Oh, that's too bad. He's got one. But his mother and father are separated. Separated? You and Bobby have been talking about that? Yes, sir. You know, sometimes when you're away from home, you know, you get to talking about home and things. Yeah, I understand, son. Bobby's folks don't live together. And he doesn't have any Christmases or thanksgivings at home like I do. I see. He comes here to school and spends a couple of weeks with his mother, a couple of weeks with his father. And then he's sent off to a summer camp somewhere. That's tough, isn't it? Yeah. Well, I got to thinking about you and Mom and began to think that's maybe why you sent me to Cloverdale. But I guess I don't. I mean, I guess everything's all right between you and Mom, isn't it, Dad? Then why, that's why you've been acting so kind of worried, huh, son? I guess so, Dad. I didn't mean to. Maybe I kind of spoiled your fun. But the way Bobby figured, I was so lucky. And I felt sorry for him. Then I thought the same thing would happen to me. Sure, son, I understand. But you don't have to worry about Mom and me. You know, Dad, when a guy has folks who love each other and Christmases and thanksgivings and summer holidays, well, Bobby's my best friend. And I was wondering if you and Mom cared if he came down to Lakeville to see us for thanksgiving. Son, that'll be great. Gosh, thanks, Dad. My eyes again. There was a lump in my throat. And inside there was a warm, good feeling. Little things began to come back. I could understand now what Mr. Elliot meant. Yes, and Dale's enthusiasm for what I had said at the banquet. Suddenly I wished I'd talked to Dale Moore. Maybe I could have helped him.  Oh, Mr. Elliot, I know, not at all. Good evening, sir. I saw you're sitting down here. Yes, Randy and I have had a long talk.  There wasn't anything to worry about. I'm glad to hear that, Randy. I guess it was kind of a misunderstanding, Mr. Elliot. My apologies, sir. You know, youngsters sometimes get to worrying about things that never happen. Yes, boys are always very interesting. You can never tell what they'll think up next. Oh, for that matter, what they'll do next. I can understand that. Oh, that means Randy will be coming back. Maybe this time I think we should ask Randy how he feels about it. He's been pretty homesick and lonesome, of course, but, well, that happens with quite a few boys at first. Maybe it'll be different now. What do you say, Randy? Well, I like Cloverdale a whole lot. But gosh, Dad, you know. Yeah, I understand, son. Mr. Bronson, I don't know whether or not I can offer a little suggestion. Maybe it would be better if Randy stayed home for a year or two, but we want him back here at Cloverdale. In fact, when he comes back, I'm going to try to arrange a scholarship for him. He's a fine boy, a fine student. Thank you, sir. That's very kind of you, Mr. Elliott. A wonderful suggestion. I think even your mother will agree to that, Randy. She's kind of missed you, too. Dad, you think we could call Mom on the telephone? Call Mom? Well, we'll be home in a few hours, son. I know. But I'd just like to say hello and tell her. That's a good idea. In fact, I want to tell her something, too. I'd like to tell her she was right again. I wouldn't have missed this father and son today for anything. I've heard Ward Bond, Richard Lyon, and Daniel Hurley in Son of Mine. Now, here is tonight's family theater host, Eddie Cantor. You know, the most wonderful thing in the world is a happy family. But of course, you can't have a happy family if you're not happy and cheerful yourself. That's how I worked out my own little secret for a happy home. I had a lot of help, though. Not only the help of a wonderful wife and our wonderful girls, but God's help. You can't help having a happy home with God's help. You can't miss by getting together as a family to ask His help. There's everything to gain by the daily practice of family prayer in your home, because a family that prays together stays together. This is Eddie Cantor saying good night, folks, and God bless you. I'd like to thank Ward Bond, Richard Lyon, and Daniel Hurley for their performances this evening. Our thanks to Richard Wilkinson for writing tonight's play and to Max Tehr for his music. This production of Family Theater Incorporated was directed by David Young. Others who appeared in tonight's play were Edwin Cooper, Gail Barney, Gilbert Barnett, Ross Forrester, Ralph Moody, and James Griffith. Next week, our Family Theater stars will be Joan Leslie and Paul Henryed in Home for Thanksgiving. Your host will be Charles Bouillet. This series of the Family Theater broadcast is made possible by the thousands of you who felt the need for this kind of program by the Mutual Broadcasting System, which has responded to this need, and by a friend of the New York Foundling Hospital, which cares for homeless and motherless babies without distinction of race, creed, or color. Portions of tonight's program were transcribed. Be with us next week at the same time when our Family Theater stars will be Joan Leslie and Paul Henryed with Charles Bouillet as host. Tony Lofrano speaking. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.