Welcome back after the break. Just before we went for the break, we were looking at God's government, his authority structure that he has placed in the family and in the local church. So we had a question about men being too bossy. Basically it depends on the culture that we come from, the cultural upbringing. So if you look at it in an Indian context, you know, sons are like treated like things and, you know, they are treated to rule over, you know, everyone around them. So it's just the cultural upbringing also can have a factor that plays in the psychology and in the mindset of men and also that's been our culture. But if you go outside India, we don't see that in some countries where there is equality. They see equal rights to men and women, even with husband and wife PC, you know, men not being too bossy and lording over them. Also, we can look at it also as how God has made them, wired them.  And it can also be like personality types that they have. And the other thing can be is because if you look at in the Christian circles, this is not taught from the pulpit. You know, and also looking at pastors and leaders, they also act to bossy and lord over people. So it just flows down through the people anointing flows down like that it flows down to people. So it's not that it's also that because the cultural upbringing they are not, you know, they don't teach this in church and also scriptures are misinterpreted. They're not interpreted in context in understanding. So that can be another reason. But if men really read the scripture, the Holy Spirit leads them, speaks to them, they're willing, they're open to be obedient to what scripture says and follow that, you know, it is good. It is a blessing to them and to their family as well. So that is why we're talking about this and teaching it. And so it's important for you all to also, even as you're learning this to teach it to others. But when it comes to women who are not submissive, again, it can be because of the upbringing that they have. You know, they would have seen their mothers or somebody in their family like that who has not been very submissive or they have been brought up saying that men and women are equal rights or, you know, some of the courses that people take also, you know, basically they go to, you know, where it has to do with, you know, community development and all women empowering and all of those things, even in the Christian circles when it comes to feminist theology, women's theology, all of that that empowers women, you know, you are to be head, you are co-equal with men and all of those things. All of those things are good in one sense, but also we need to go back to what the Bible says and says, it says we need to submit. Again, because of all this feminist theology that has come about, you know, feminist activists that stand up and say, hey, you have to speak up for your rights.  We cannot tolerate this anymore. I have to be bold and strong. So they go to another extreme where, you know, they can be overpowering and overruling.  I shouldn't be submissive. I have equal rights. Or it comes to pride, you know, because women are now well educated. You know, I have my own rights. I'm earning so I can do what I want. So all of that is in one sense okay, but we need to come back again to what the Bible says and we need to learn that we need to submit out of love and reverence for Christ. Why should we submit to our husbands? Not just because, you know, I have to, but it's out of reverence for Christ. Whatever I'm doing, I'm doing for Christ, whether I'm working, labouring, working in a firm or doing some menial job or a big job, I do everything as unto the Lord. So even submission is as unto the Lord. So, you know, in that context and also should be taught from the pulpit, should be taught from the church and people should be given the right teaching in the right way. Instead of saying, hey, women, you have to be submissive. Women will not accept that, but you need to give them why they need to be submissive.   But if you tell them why did God place rules and regulations is for our benefit, it's for us to be blessed that we don't get up, get into any problems or difficulties, or we don't land up into any mess. That is why God has put rules and boundaries so that we don't mess up our lives. So if you get children to see the whole picture like that, we get men and women to see the whole picture, then it works in their psychic. It works in their mind and they would want to do rather than just saying, hey, you have to do it because the Bible says, why does the Bible say it? I mean, even if God says submit to your husband, he has something there, something for our benefit, something for our good. Okay, anyone wants to add to that? What I said, this is a big topic we can go on. Okay, Sri Radha says when an elder is working before a youth, people sometimes tell the youth they don't have manners. So pastor, what to tell in such situations which will not offend them? Yeah, I think you can just say that, you know, I offered to help, but the elder person said that they would like to do themselves. They're quite capable of doing it themselves. They don't need any help. So I'm just waiting to see if they need any help. I can reach out to them and put it at that way. So you can say, you know, I offered to help, but they didn't want to help, but I'm waiting in case they need help. Or if, you know, they're not able to manage, I'm here to help them. So they know that, hey, you're there to help. You're standing back and just watching when they are, you know, really need help or they're falling apart. Or they're not able to do it. You're there to pitch in and help and offer that needed help. I hope it answered your questions. Yes. No. No, Nina Santosh. Oh, yes. Yes. Okay. Okay. Okay. So we'll move on. God's government structure is there even in the body of Christ. So we look at the local church, but we're looking at the body of Christ, which means all the local churches put together in a city. Okay. All the local churches put together in a town or all the local churches put together in a country or a nation means the body of Christ. Okay. So let's look at 1 Corinthians chapter 12 verse 28. Can somebody read that, please? 1 Corinthians chapter 12 verse 28. And God has appointed these in the church. 1st Apostle said, 2nd prophet, 3rd teachers. After that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps administrations, varieties of tongues. Amen. So here it says in the body of Christ, you know, there is God has given, put a government. There is God's authority. Okay. So he says their 1st are whom? Apostles are 1st. Okay. They're not 1st because they are superior to others, but 1st in order, 1st in time and 1st in rank. Not in superiority. Okay. That means doesn't mean that apostles are superior to prophets and to prophets and apostles are superior to teachers and apostles, prophets and teachers are superior to miracles. Workers know it does not mean superiority, but it means 1st in order, 1st in time and 1st in rank. Okay. 1st in order, time and rank of the government that God has established in the body of Christ. And it does not mean that they are superior to others. Okay. They are 1st in terms of God's government in the body of Christ. And then he says there are prophets, there are teachers, there are miracle workers, there are gifts of feelings and those who help in administration. Okay. So through all of these different ministry appointments or responsibilities, God's government comes in and through the body of Christ. Okay. So what does the Bible teaches about God's government or authority in the body of Christ? The Bible teaches us that we need to give honor to those who are in these positions of leadership, not because they are better than us, not because they are superior to us. But at the end of the day, we are all co-equal. We are all equal together in the body of Christ, but we give them honor because of the government, because of the structure that God has placed. And because through that structure, God's government comes in and through our lives. Okay. And so for those in positions of leadership in these structures of authority or in this government that God has placed, it's not for them to be pompous and going around and saying, hey, I'm Apostles Jones or I'm Apostle, what's his name? Francis, I'm Prophet Smith or I'm Prophet Prince or I'm Prophet Rin or you know, Prophet Nina.  It's abusing that position.  But why did God put them there? Look at Ephesians chapter four versus 11 and 12. Can somebody read that please? Ephesians chapter four versus 11 and 12. And he himself gave some to be Apostles, some prophets, some evangelists and some pastors and teachers for the keeping of the saints for the work of ministry for the edifying of the body of Christ. Amen. So here it clearly tells us why God put these ministry offices in the body of Christ. Why did he put these ministry offices for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry and edifying the body of Christ. So the two responsibilities that these people in these ministry offices have to do. The first one is they have to equip the saints for the work of the ministry. So, you know, you and I as people, you as people are, you know, must receive these equipping, you know, that you need for the ministry that God has placed for your life. Okay. So in God's kingdom, who are the ministers? The people are the ministers. It's not the pastors. Sometimes we think the pastors are the ministers. Pastors are not the ministers. Pastors are the equipers. They are the one who is to equip and you are the ministers of God.  The power, the ministry of the pastor, the teacher, the prophet, the apostle is to equip the saints for the so that they can do the ministry. Okay. So we always think the pastors and all of these people are to do the ministry. No, their role is to equip the people and it's the people who go out and do the ministry. Okay. That's the first thing. The second thing is for the edifying of the body of Christ, meaning that, you know, the body of Christ must be built up. The body of Christ must be edified in spirit. There must grow in numbers, growth in all dimensions and there must be built up. Okay. So that is the responsibility of those in the government office of an apostle, a prophet, a pastor, a teacher and evangelist and they have to carry out this responsibility. It's not their responsibility to abuse their position, but rather to fulfill what God has called them to do to equip the saints and to edify the body of Christ in the lives of the people or in the lives of the people in the church. Okay. So that is God's government, his structure in the body of Christ. Okay. In all the local churches put together in the body of Christ. Any questions? Any questions? Online students? Okay. No questions and we'll move on. God's government also, yeah. Pastor, like when you said about like we, the body of Christ, like we should be ministering the ministry. What do you mean by that? I'm the pastor not doing ministry. The pastor is doing the ministry of equipping the saints of, you know, of ministering of edifying them in the spirit of equipping the saints. Okay. So they are to equip the saints with the work of ministry and edify the body of Christ. So that is their ministry. So when you're talking about ministry means going about and preaching and teaching the good news of the kingdom of God is the people who need to also do that ministry. It's not just the pastor and these, those are called to these ministry offices. Yes. Okay. We'll move on to God's government in the workplace. Okay. So many of you who are online students and those who are e-learning students, you are also working professionals.  And there are people working for you, people reporting for you. And we need to know how we, you know, how God's government flows into the workplace. What is God's governmental structure that comes into the workplace. Okay. So let's look at Ephesians chapter six versus five to nine. Can somebody read that piece? Bond servants be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh with fear and trembling in sincerity of heart as to Christ. Not with eye service as meant leasers, but as bond servants of Christ doing the will of God from the heart with good will doing service as to the Lord and not to men. Knowing that whatever good anyone does, he will receive the same from the Lord, whether he's a slave or free. And you masters do the same things to them, giving up threatening, knowing that your own master also is in heaven. And there is no partiality with him. Amen. So, you know, this is God's government coming into the workplace. It says, you know, here it talks about bond servants, but we can look at it as employees. Okay. And masters as the employers. Okay. So it says, you know, as employees, you know, we all have bosses, but here it does not qualify what kind of bosses. It does not categorize the kind of bosses. It does not say good boss, bad boss, medium boss. It just says you all have a boss or an employer or somebody who is your master. Okay.  What is your responsibility? You have to work as an employee of Christ. Okay. And whatever you do, do with all your heart, not pleasing men, but doing it as unto the Lord. So if you relate to these authority structure that God has placed for you in the workplace, if you're following this, then God's blessing will flow in and through your life. You will see, even if the boss tries to stop your promotion, strives to stop your increase, whatever, he cannot do it because when God works, no man can stop him. Okay. So, but what do we need to do? We need to relate correctly to the authority structure. Yes, sometimes, you know, bosses can be very difficult, can be rude. We want to show them the other side. We want to show them what we can do in return. But if we are submissive, if we do what is required of us, honor them, respect them, treat them with respect, not stab them behind their backs, not gossip about them. But, you know, we work as unto the Lord doing everything that we're doing as unto the Lord, then we are correctly placing and positioning ourselves in God's authority structure. His government is at the workplace. And when we do that, God himself will bring the blessings into our lives. Okay. Now for those who are in places of authority, those who are employers, what does the word of God say? What does God want? Or does scripture want us to treat people? We should not threaten them. Right. You know, why shouldn't we threaten them? Because we have our own master. At the end of the day, at the end of the day, you are also reporting to a master. And who is that master? Somebody who sits above. Okay. And somebody who does not show partiality among people. Okay. So this is the government structure that God has placed at the workplace. And this is what we need to do even as we work at the workplace. Any questions about this? Before we move on to the last authority structure. Okay. The last authority structure is about the civil government. Like being a Christian, being as a believer and being in corporate sectors is not easy. Especially when we take stand, people will go through abuse or they will be humiliated. And sometimes purposely the boss who is over, they purposely abuse them. Purposely ask them to work overtime more than, and purposely can. Being so partial to them. So how we can deal that situation with? So how do we deal in those situations? Well, I have a younger sister who works in the corporate and in a strategic place of responsibility. And she's very, very zealous and jealous of the God that she serves. Just follows kingdom principles and what the Bible says at the workplace for her. No is no yes is yes. Even if it's a high official and authority in the workplace, she will just have to say what is the biblical standard and what is right. And she will just do it and she will not adhere to any of the sons. I've seen her do that. And she has faced a lot of challenges, but we've also seen the way God has brought her through those challenges and made her victorious and given her victory. And yes, so it has been challenging not only in the workplace, but also in the career courses. When she stayed in hostel in Manipal and all of those things, you know how she stood up for God and how she was made fun of and mocked and everything, but has made her most strong in the Lord, but also seen how God has come through for her. It's not been easy. It has been very challenging has been very difficult. But we know that God comes through and sometimes he does not come through immediately. You know, it takes time, it takes patience. Maybe you work for a couple of months or even years where you don't receive anything, but then ultimately God honors. He does. Yes. And sometimes. And of course, he gives you the grace and the mercy to go through it and it's difficult, but he does. And also my question is that okay, like where in some times, who are working because of the pressure and because of the authority over them, they were forced to do something against the standards of Bible. Like if they want to approve something that was very illegal or that is very opposite. And even if they don't want to do because of the pressure of the authorities over them, they have to give an approval like some situations comes like that. Right. And so we have to be accountable for those things that we do. Yes, you have to be because if you are saying, hey, I'm going to sign that illegal contract. I'm going to do something illegal. Tomorrow you're going to get caught. You're not going to. You're not going to be undercover. Right. It's going to come to the open. It's something illegal. You can't do that against the company. It's it's totally unethical to do that. You know, and it's and don't you don't don't think that people are blind. They won't be able to see. They will be able to see it. You will get caught. You will face the circumstances. You will go through the shame. So, you know, when you know it's it's not right and it's wrong. You can just say, no, I can't do it. And if you can't do it and they say you have to leave, you leave. It's not that God is not going to abandon you and he's not going to open another door for you. He will open another door for you. Rather than sign that and then get into a whole lot of mess and trouble where God cannot. You have to face the consequences for your sin. Yes. Any other questions? Okay. Lastly, we'll talk about civil government. Okay. God's authority structure in the civil government. Now we are living in two governments. What are the two governments we're living in? Government of the land and the kingdom of God. Okay. So the kingdom of God and we're directly under the government of God and we're also under the government of this of the of the land that we are staying in the state government of the civil government. And so we need to learn to relate correctly to the civil government. Look at what the Matthew chapter 22 was 18 says where the Pharisees, you know, they came to Jesus and they wanted to catch him and they gave him a very tricky question. And they knew that if he says either one of the ways they can easily catch him, he can be tricked and they can get him into trouble. Okay. So let's look at what Jesus says in Matthew chapter 22 verses 18 to 22. Can somebody read that please? 22 18 to 22. Yes. So what does Jesus say? He says bring that coin. Whose image is on that coin? Caesar's. And he says he makes an amazing statement. He says, which you and I are familiar, give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar. And he says give to God what belongs to God. It's very simple. Yes. Very simple. He says the coin has an image of Caesar. So give it to him, which means he's saying pay your taxes. And he says you are made in the image of God. So you belong to God. So give to God your own self. Okay. So what is the main point that Jesus is getting across here that we must respect even the civil government. And he said you have to pay your taxes. Do whatever the nation or the government of the nation requires you to do. Okay. Now Paul explains this to us in Romans chapter 13 versus 7 versus 1 through 7 or versus 2 to 7. Can somebody read that please? Romans chapter 13 versus 2 to 7. Romans chapter 13. So anyone who rebels against authority is rebelling against what God has instituted. And they will be punished. For the authority do not strike fear in people who are doing right. But in those who are doing wrong. Would you like to live without fear of the authorities? Do what is right and they will honor you. The authorities are God servants sent for your good. But if you are doing wrong of course you should be afraid for they have the power to punish you. They are God servants sent for the very purpose of punishing those who do what is wrong. So you must submit to them not only to avoid punishment but also to keep a clear conscience. Pay your taxes too. For these same reasons for these same reasons for government workers need to be paid. They are serving God in what they do. Give to everyone what you owe them. Pay your taxes and government fees to those who collect them. And give respect and honor to those who are in authority. Amen. So it says here that every soul be subject to whom? The governing authorities. That means we need to be subject to the government that God has placed. For there is no authority except from God. And the authorities or the government that exists in our world are appointed by whom? God. So the government that is in our country, in our state is appointed by whom? By God. So the government that you are under is appointed by God. So we must look at our government. Whether it's in the state government or whether it's a central government as those who are appointed by God. But you can ask what if they're abusive? What if they don't make the right kind of choices, the right kind of decisions? What if they're wasting our money? What if they do all kind of wrong things? Okay. So what do they make the wrong decisions? Well, that is their responsibility. But what is our responsibility? We have to obey them. We have to be under them. We have to pay our taxes because God has appointed them. We need to see them as who God has appointed. And God in his own way will be able to work in and through the government. God in his own way will be able to release his influence in and through our government. But in the authority structure that God has placed in our lives, our responsibility is to respect to them, to obey the law of the land and to pay our taxes. Okay. Now, verses three says that those who resist the authority resist the ordinances of God. Are you all following? Verse three says, whoever resist the authority, resist the authority or ordinances of God. Which means if you're going to fight against the government, you're fighting against whom? God. And those who resist will be brought to judgment and punishment. There will be judgment upon themselves. Okay. Note verse four. What is he calling the government as? God's servants, God's ministers. Can you imagine that he's calling the government as God's servants or God's ministers? Okay. And so he's saying there's a right way to relate to them. There's a right way to give them respect, to give them honor to those who are in the government. So, you know, you can ask, what if I don't like them? What if the party that I did not vote for, you know, is ruling? Whether you like them, you don't like them, whether you voted for them, whether you did not vote for them. None of them holds good. Why? Because we have to give them the honor. We rightly relate to them. We pay our taxes. We give them respect. We submit ourselves to whatever rule and law. Okay. When you rightly do that, you are receiving God's government into your own life. And what will happen? God will honor you. Okay. Now, understand that we live under two governments, you know, and there might be situations where probably, you know, the government of the land contradicts the government of God. Okay. Sometimes the government of the land will contradict the government of God. What do you do in those cases? You obey the government of God. Okay. So in those cases, you have the full freedom to violate the government of man and submit to the government of God. Okay. Let's look at an example in Acts chapter four. Okay. Where Peter and John are caught and brought before the Sanhedrin. And what does the Sanhedrin say? We commanded you not to preach and teach in the name of Jesus. Okay. So that was the government of man. What does Peter respond? Verse 19 of chapter four. What does Peter say? Can you please pass the mic? Yeah. Thank you. But Peter and John answered and said to them, whether there's writing inside of God to listen to you more than to God, you judge. We cannot speak but speak to things which we have seen and heard. So it says with this more right, should we obey God or should we obey man? Okay. So what is the answer there? You have to obey God. Okay. So in the situation like Acts chapter four, you know, it says, listen, Paul is saying our obligation is to follow the government of. God. And his government says tells us to go and preach the gospel to every creature and to every one. So Paul, Peter and John are saying we're commissioned to do this. So in situations like this, we submit ourselves to government of God and we have the freedom to violate the government of man. Okay. But in all other cases in all other circumstances, we submit ourselves to government that is in place or the civil government that God has put into. Place. Now I want us to understand something that the kingdom of God is very different from the government of this world. Okay. You know, because some of us will ask, you know, what form of government is right, whether democracy government, a democratic government is right. Or a Monarch government is right. What kind of government is right. So you can say, Hey, I don't want a democratic government because I follow what the Bible says the Bible had things. So I will follow a monarchic kind of a government. Okay. But you know, you know, we can argue about these different kinds of governments is different kind of systems. But what you and I must understand first of all that in the kingdom of God, it is very totally different. Okay. In the kingdom of God, the kingdom of God is a democratic government or a monarchy government. Or what kind of government it is. The kingdom of God. Monarchy is a king. It's theocracy. Okay. It's a government that is pure critic. Theocracy government, which means God says, and it is done. No questions asked. Full stop. God says it is done and no questions asked. Okay. Now we in our democratic mindset want to bring democracy into the kingdom of God. Okay. And we God says something, but we want to vote on what he says. Sorry. That doesn't happen in the kingdom of God. It's a government of theocracy. Okay. So in the kingdom of God, it is slightly different from our world. Okay. So regardless of the form of government, we have, you know, whatever, whether it's democratic or whether it's monarchy, we need to understand a few things that God's government in the kingdom of God, it is a theocratic government, theocracy. Okay. So some of the things that we need to understand in the kingdom of God is a theocratic government, theocracy. Okay. So some of the things that we need to understand the first thing is God is able to work in spite of who is in authority. God is able to work in spite of whoever is in leadership position or in the government. He's able to do what he wants to do. He is able to get done what he's he has planned and preordained even before the foundations of world and is able to get his purposes accomplished. So that's the first thing we need to understand because remember we started off this lesson by saying that God is king and he rules over the nations. Even in this world that we are living in, in this wicked fallen world, God's rule and reign is still flowing through is still being administered, which means he's he's a theocratic person. Whatever he plans, whatever he does, whatever he wants accomplished will happen. He will just get it done. He will accomplish it irrespective of who is in authority. The second thing is that we as people in that nation under the government, you know, we have a responsibility. Okay. So what is our responsibility? Our responsibility is to extend our rights to allow or to permit us to vote or pray for the right people to come into authority. So we have to exercise our right. That's the second thing. Okay. Second thing is we need to exercise our right to vote for the right government for pray to pray in for a right government to come into authority. And that is our responsibility. Okay. So every nation receives the government it deserves. Okay. I'll repeat that again. Every nation receives his government it deserves. Okay. So what we have today, the government in place is what we deserve. Either we prayed for it or we did not pray for it. Either we voted for it or we did not vote for it. We got what we deserve, which means we have the fruit of our own efforts. Okay. So it's important for us as people of God that we need to invest our time and effort and pray and use ever whatever rights that we have in our nation to make sure that the right people come into position and right people come into place. Okay. Look at what proverb chapter 29 was to says what is proverb chapter 29 was to says can somebody read that please. It says when the righteous are in authority the people rejoice. Okay. So we have the responsibility to bring the right people into government. Okay. But regardless of who is in government God is able to bring his influence in and through them. Okay. Now I'll give you an example. Jesus stood before Pilate. We read this in John chapter 19 versus 10 and 11. And look at what Pilate said to Jesus. Can somebody read that please. John chapter 19 versus 10 and 11. 19 versus 10 and 11. Then Pilate said to him are you not speaking to me do you not know that I have power to crucify you and power to release you. Jesus answered you could have no power at all against me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore the one who delivered me to you has the greatest sin. Amen. So here you know Pilate says hey Jesus listen you know I'm in charge here. I have the authority. I can get you crucified or I can get you released. But how does Jesus respond to this? He says no power has given to you against me unless it's given to you from above. Okay. So what is Jesus really saying? He's saying Pilate I recognize that you are in the place where you are in the leadership position because God above has allowed that and I respect it. Jesus was not speaking anything be meaning to the pilot. He was not putting him down or he was not challenging his authority.  Sorry. So regardless of your decision I'm just like paraphrasing it says regardless of the decision you make it will not be held you will not be held responsible for your own for the sin that you are doing because the people who are responsible are the Pharisees and the high priest. There is a greater sin because they have delivered me to you. Okay. So once I delivered me to you are in a greater sin. Okay. So here what do we learn from this? You know we must learn to look at governments in the same manner. We need to look at them as people whom God has allowed this. Okay. So we need to pray for those in authority. We need to pray for those in leadership in our civil government. Pray for them. And when we have the time and chance you know we also need to pray for righteous people to come in and we need to use our rights to bring the right people in. Okay. And Proverbs chapter 21 verse 1 says can somebody read that Proverbs chapter 21 verse 1? The king's heart is in the hand of the Lord like the rivers of water he turns it turns it wherever he wishes. So the king's heart the heart of the ruler the heart of the governor the heart of the person who is in authority who is in leadership is in the hand of whom God regardless of who he is doesn't matter God can influence him God can move him to do what he wants to be done. Okay. So let's look at some examples from the Bible. Can you think of any example? Genesis Pharaoh. Yes. You know God says his heart was hardened but in respect of that God demonstrated more and more science and miracles and what happened the people were ultimately absolutely convinced that they must follow this God who's fighting for them and who's doing this amazing miracles who's all out to deliver them out of Egypt. So that is why when God told them told Moses tell the people to pack their bags to pack their bags. Is it okay to pack their bags and to leave that night what happened? What happened? There was no questions asked the people of Israel the Hebrew people just followed God. Okay. So they just packed and they left. Okay. And so we see that even that turned out to for God's advantage. Okay. So think about Nehemiah. Okay. Nehemiah is in the palace. He's a cabaret to the king and what happens this is a Persian king and Nehemiah is grieved over the broken walls of Jerusalem. He wants to go and rebuild the walls of Jerusalem and what does this unsaved king tells him? The unsaved king you know gives favor to Nehemiah not only gives him a paid vacation gives him letters gives him material to build the walls even sends an escort to ensure his safety. Okay. So we see that the heathen king is doing all this and who you think is working in his heart. It is God who is working in his heart and even to the extent where he allows the Jewish people to go back to Jerusalem and he says hey go back rebuild your city be happy and live in that. So we see that God can move through our governments regardless of who they are. Okay. Now we take this and apply it to every other authority and structure that you and I face in life whether it is our family, whether you are parents, whether you're children, whether you belong to a local church, you're part of the body of Christ or whether you're in a workplace or you're under a civil government. We apply the same principle. What is the principle we apply regardless of who is there regardless of what kind of people they are. You know we need to relate to them rightly. Why should we relate to them rightly when we do that? We receive God's working in your life and God's blessing and God is able to do it. But what is your responsibility and my responsibility? We give honor to whom honor is due. Okay. Our responsibility is to recognize that God has allowed them to be in that place, in that position, in that rank for whatever reason, whether it's your boss, whether it's your parents, whether it's your pastor, whoever, whatever reason. And just like Jesus standing before the pilot you need to say, I know because God has allowed this and because God has allowed this, I am coming into subjection under respect, under honor, under you. Okay. So God's government comes into our lives through these authority structures that you and I are part of and if we relate to it rightly, we receive His kingdom that comes into our lives and also we receive His blessing and His government increases in and through us. Okay. But if you fail, there are consequences, right? If the head of the home, you know, fails to fulfill his responsibility, fails to love his wife, fails to be compassionate and gracious and merciful to his wife, fails to respect his wife as a weaker vessel. What happens? The serious consequences at home. If the women in the house is not submissive, there are serious consequences. Now, when there are serious consequences, what happens? The alarm bell rings, everyone wants help. They cry out for help. See? So what you can do is when they come to help like Nina Santos was asking, what do you do when they come to you for help? They're desperate for answers. That time you need to show them the biblical principle. That time you need to tell them, hey, God's authority structure that is placed in the home, His government structure is placed in the home is not being followed. If you put this into place, you will see God's blessing flowing into your family. Okay.  Okay. So now the same thing, you know, think of civil government. When the civil government fails, what happens to the state? What happens to the nation?  The same thing happens at home. So the head of the home, if the person in responsibility fails, there'll be utter chaos at home. Why? Because God's government is not able to come into your home. Okay. So husbands have to take their place of responsibility. Wives have to follow. Children have to follow the same thing in the local church, the same thing in the workplace, same thing in the body of Christ. Okay. So some of us are in places of authority in these structures, government structures that God has placed.  We need to take it very, very seriously. Okay. It's a responsibility that God has given to us. We must do it well. You know, when people under us will rejoice, you know, and celebrate and be happy. If we as people in responsibility do what is right, you know, if when we follow God's government, people under us will be blessed. And when we follow God's structure and government in the church, in the family, in the body of Christ, people will also want to follow this. So sometimes people in church don't want to follow God's government structure because they see the pastor himself not doing that with his own family or in the church. Pastor doesn't do it. Why should I do it? Right. So if we abuse our position, then people will suffer and everything goes into total chaos and disorder. And then we see that God's blessings does not flow through and his kingdom rule, his kingdom reign is kingdom mandate does not flow through our family or to the church or the body of Christ, local church or the body of Christ or in the workplace. That is why there will be more frustration, disappointment and everything that happens. Ok. We just have one more minute. We finished this lesson. So anyone has any questions? Yes. You had a question quickly. So long question. You want to ask next week? Ok. Anyone else any has any questions? Okay, if you have any on and as a question, he says a long question. So he'll ask us next week. Doesn't matter. Okay, thank you all for joining class. I am extremely sorry and apologize for the 11 minutes of delay that we had today. I'm really very sorry. We tried to fix things at at eight o'clock when I came in, but it didn't work out and just so sorry. Okay, everyone have a good week and a good day. God bless you. Thank you for joining class.


Okay, so before I introduce myself, I want to tell you a quick story. So recently I interviewed an engineer for a position who had a Node.js background.  So he had a lot of Node.js background, and I asked him a question, I said, so what do you like about Node.js? And he said, well, it's single threaded, it's awesome. And I said, okay, what does that mean? And he couldn't explain it. So he didn't get the job, but the important part of the story is that it made me realize that maybe there are developers out there who either using concurrency and async technologies or want to use it, and they really don't know what it means, and they're kind of scared of this whole topic. So it's interesting that I think this room alone hosted three talks about async.io just today, which really is pretty significant and tells that a lot of people are interested in this. So this talk, I'm really going to try to demystify what this is and why is that relevant within the context of web development. So hi, everybody. My name is Amit Nabarro. I come from Israel. This is a photo of Tel Aviv. It kind of looks like Rimini, I suppose. It's really hot right now, but it's a lot of fun. I work for 4.75 Cumulus, which is a consultant agency, and I rent and let out on my Twitter feed over there. Okay, so how many people here are doing web development with Python? Okay, that's a good number. So you guys probably know at least one of the frameworks which are now on the screen. Probably Django is the most prominent one, or at least one mostly used, but there are all other kinds like Pyramid and Flask, and I think actually it's a really long list.  Those are not web servers. If anyone has ever made a mistake to confuse that, those are libraries. But the important thing is that they all have one thing in common, and the common thing that they all share is that they all work or implement WISGI. WISGI is a standard which was first established in 2003, and basically what it is, it's a glorified CGI, if anyone is old enough to know what that is, and basically the whole point of WISGI was to try to create specifications where Python web frameworks can easily work under production web servers. And the way WISGI works is that you write your app in a framework which supports WISGI, and then pretty much any production web server like Apache or Nginx can hook up to it and serve your application. And you don't really need to know how that works, and you don't really need to care, you can really just focus on the application logic. So, but what's wrong with WISGI? Well, actually nothing is wrong, so thank you all and have a great conference. I'm kidding. There are two things that are wrong with WISGI. First of all, it's synchronous. It's synchronous in the sense that it can't handle multiple requests at the same time. I'm going to put that in quotes because it's not entirely true, but we'll talk about this in a minute. And then the second thing that's probably more important that it only supports the HTTP protocol. It doesn't support any other protocol. So let's dive into that a little bit. Okay, so if you are writing a WISGI-based application, this is kind of how your flow looks like. You have a web server or a WISGI web server. Every request that comes in, the WISGI server creates a thread, an OS thread, okay, an operating system thread. And then this thread processes your request. Your code runs in this thread and you handle it and you do stuff and you go to the database and you do all kinds of whatever your application logic does. And then when the response is ready, it's sent back to the client. And during that time, that thread is blocked. So if you were to run a WISGI server with a single thread and you are doing that when you're using run server, Django's run server, it's a single threaded web server, you can basically only process one request at a time. If you're running a production web server like Unicorn or WISGI, then potentially you can create as many threads as you want. But if you only have a few cores on your machine, it doesn't really matter how many threads you have, you are limited by the amount of cores of CPU cores. So I said earlier it's not exactly synchronous. Well, all your code is running synchronously one after another and then you really don't get a lot of options there. So how do we solve this? How do we get up? I mean, there are some huge systems out there, Instagram running on Django, Washington Post running on Django. How are they doing that? How are they processing so many requests? Well, what they do is they scale. That's what they do. They just run more servers and more servers and they optimize their code and they run more and more servers and that's a pretty good approach. It solves your problem. The only thing that is disappointing in this approach is that it's very linear. Okay, so eventually, depending on your code, depending on what you're doing, let's say you're a single thread or a single score can handle 100 requests per second. Okay, so if you need to handle a thousand, then you need 10 of those. Okay, and if you need to run more than that, then you need to duplicate your server. So the scaling is very linear and you cannot actually improve where your pain points are and where your bottlenecks are. Okay, so that's one of the biggest problems of Whiskey. The second problem is that it only supports HTTP. Okay, so HTTP, anyone doesn't remember, is a stateless protocol. It means that the client sends a request. Quests is processed and then response goes back to the client and that's it. There's no more connection anymore. And if the protocol is stateless, then it's very difficult to create stateful communication between clients and servers and stateful communication or be directional communication or whatever you want to call it. It's a pretty hot item. Everybody wants to do it today. And HTTP just doesn't support it. So there are all kinds of work rounds. Okay, you can do long pauling. You can do service side events. I don't even know what that is. Really nasty stuff. So we reached kind of like a glass ceiling. Okay, Whiskey is wonderful. It allows such a huge community of engineers all over the world to quickly build web applications with Python. But for some apps, it's just not really relevant anymore. So there is a solution. And that solution is concurrency.  Let's see what concurrency means. Okay, let's look at Wikipedia. So according to Wikipedia, concurrent programming is a form of computing in which several computations are executed during overlapping time periods concurrently instead of sequentially. Okay, that's what Wikipedia says and we all know that Wikipedia is never wrong. So we're going to take that for granted. But what it actually means, okay, what it actually means, let's see if we can use this diagram here. But before I talk about the diagram, I want to make sort of a statement. Okay, and my statement is that most web applications, most of what they do is they perform IO operations. Okay, I'm talking about web applications. Okay, mostly that's what they do. They go to the database to fetch data. They go to the cache to fetch data. They go to the file system. They send HTTP requests to other servers or microservices or what not. These are all IO operations. And those IO operations are IO intensive, but not necessarily CPU intensive. Okay, and then what happens, what ends up happening is that those web servers, they mostly just wait for things to happen. Okay, we have those really powerful CPUs. And most of the time you just wait for IO to leave or come back from some other place. So if we were to look at this example that I'm, the diagram that I'm showing here, if we had a single threaded Whiskey server and it got four requests from four different clients, it will process them sequentially. Okay, it'll first do the blue one and then the orange one. Then the green one, you guessed it, purple one. Okay, and concurrency is all about doing it differently. And instead of doing this, we want to do this. Okay, what does it mean? It means that, okay, I am sending an IO request to my Postgres database. And while I am waiting on a reply from my Postgres database, instead of waiting, I can do something else. I can handle another request which maybe wants another Postgres query or maybe wants me to get a file from the file system. Okay, so instead of doing all those requests sequentially, we sort of mix them together and we hand over control from one request to another. Okay, in order to optimize what the computer is doing. So here's another way of thinking about it. If you look at the bottom video, you see a eight-year-old request and a six-year-old request happening sequentially. Okay, first, what is it? Peach one and then the white one. And then on the top video, you see them happening concurrently, right? They're both processed at the same time. By the way, they're very proud to be here today, just to let you know. So, okay, okay, good, good. You're saying we can process one request while waiting on the other request? Okay, sounds good, but how do you do that? Well, there's only one secret ingredient to this. Nobody don't let anyone tell you differently. You have to explicitly give up control. I know people don't like that term give up control, but I think that within our context, that's a very good thing to have. And really the emphasis here on the word explicit. While you run a query on your database, in your code, you will explicitly hand over control to some other request that comes in to do its thing, knowing fully well that someone else will eventually relinquish control and give it back to you once your query returns from the database. Okay, I know that's kind of scary for first timers, but let's see if we can clear that up. Okay, so if you've been doing some JavaScript in your professional life, then you probably know this pattern here on the left where I use jQuery to get some data from a web server. And this is pseudocode, by the way. And then as soon as that data comes in, I have a callback, an anonymous function in this case, and I call, I do something with this callback once it comes back. And everyone who's done JavaScript before knows that if we look at the code here on the left, we know that do something will execute after do something else, okay? Because do something else is called immediately when get is done, and do something is called as a callback once the request finishes. In Python, we can do something very similar. It depends on which version you're running, but in Python 3.5, and I'm sure you've heard it before, we have those new cool words, await, async. And essentially, this is kind of similar. It's not exactly the same, but it's kind of similar where I call a function called fetch data, and fetch data and fetch data isn't a regular function. It's what's called a coroutine or an async routine. And if you remember earlier, I said we relinquish control. We say, okay, I sent that request. Now I'm going to wait for it. Somebody else here, go ahead, use the CPU. And once my data is fetched, I can do something and then I can do something else. And in this case, do something is executed before do something else, because in Python, unlike JavaScript 5, we have an easy way to write asynchronous code in a structured way, while in JavaScript 5, we cannot. JavaScript 6 kind of copied every cool thing from Python, so now they have await and yield and whatnot. But those concepts have been around for a while in Python. Before 3.5, we used yield from rather than await, and we used decorator rather than the word async. Okay, so how does this work? Earlier, I said that a whiskey server operates under the assumption that every request creates a new thread and the request is processed by the thread, meaning that if you get a lot of requests, you get one thread per request. There are two problems here. Problem number one is that thread management is done by the OS, not by you, which I guess most of the time it's a good idea. And the second problem is that thread creation is expensive and limited. Creating a thread, destroying a thread is an expensive OS operation. It takes time. A single instance or server is limited with the amount of threads it can create, okay? Therefore, if your server has to handle 50,000 requests a second, it's going to run out of thread at some point. The way concurrency works is that everything is handled on a single thread. And unlike that interviewee, I'm going to actually try to explain it to you. So what concurrency is using is using a concept which is called an event loop. Event loop is something which is triggered by a mechanism in the operating system kernel in Unix. It's called epol. I forget what it's called in Windows. And essentially what it means is that we can create functions. We can call those functions, but we don't actually call them. We just declare them, stick them into the event loop, and then at some point they're going to be pulled out, executed, and then shoved back into the event loop for our code to receive, okay? So here on the right, we see all those different kinds of operations which we can do asynchronously. We have file system access. We have data store access. And then a request comes in. It creates a coroutine. It shoves it into the event loop. And the event loop, it has a queue, right? It just has a queue of a lot of handles to coroutines which it processes. And it will process them one at a time. And as soon as one coroutine explicitly gives up control, okay? Let's go back to that giving up control thing. As soon as you call a wait or yield from or whatever mechanism in different languages, you basically tell the event loop, okay, I'm going to wait now.  And to me, that's kind of like good citizenship. You say, okay, I'm not going to waste those shared CPU resources. I'm going to wait on my thing and then knowing well that I'm going to get back the CPU once my data comes back. So essentially, this is how event loops work in a nutshell, okay? It's a little bit more complicated than that, but we don't have time for that today. And then that really solves the problem of processing a lot of requests at the same time. The second thing which is really nifty and cool is this thing called WebSockets. We're going to go back to Wikipedia here, okay? So WebSocket is a computer communication protocol providing full duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. Okay, first of all, do not mistake WebSockets with regular sockets. It's not the same thing, okay? WebSockets is a protocol on top of HTTP which was created for a single purpose and that is having B-directional communication with a browser. That's it, okay? And how does that work actually? You have a client. The client makes an HTTP request to the server and then with a request to upgrade. I want to upgrade my relationship with you from a single direction to a B-directional communication. And then at that point, both server and client can send back and forth requests to one another. And then each side can also terminate the request if needed. That's really the shortest explanation of WebSockets ever. Okay, so let's talk a little bit about what's available for us. When it comes to libraries that do concurrency, we have Twisted and Tornado, which are pretty old. By the way, Tornado is just absolutely fantastic. And if you are forced to use Python 2, then Tornado is probably your option. Otherwise, I would suggest you use Async.io. It's part of the standard library and it has a growing ecosystem around it and it's very promising. If you need a web framework, let's not confuse framework with libraries, then on top of Async.io, we have Sanic, which I was exposed to first time here in this conference and I was really impressed. If you come from Flask, Sanic would be really nice. AOHDP is also a fantastic option. I've been using it for a while now and I'm very happy and I'm very happy with the way it performs and the way it moves forward. And if you are on Django and really doing non-Whiskeys, not an option for you, then Django channel seems to be a good compromise and I suggest you look into it. Okay. The advantages are efficiency, kind of self-evident by what I just explained, having not having to wait for something to happen in the meantime, being able to do something else. It solves the C10K problem. C10K is, you can look it up on Wikipedia, essentially a description of what happens when you have 10,000 requests per second on your server. You can spawn tasks and you can do it easily without a system like Celery and not Celery is amazing, but if you just need simple stuff, then you can do that without Celery and obviously it gives you B-directional communication and that's really, you know, if you want to increase the user experience of your apps when B-directional communication is kind of a must-have. Pitfalls, very hard to debug, even worse when you have to test, if I had more time, I'd show you. You really have to watch for locks and race conditions and once you get your hands dirty, you're going to run into those and the most important thing is, I tell that to everyone, if you don't write concurrent code all the way, then you're wasting your time. So if you have a concurrent web server but your database access isn't concurrent, then you've done nothing. Everything is not concurrent. So your code has to be concurrent all the way. Thank you. Thank you very much for listening. We have time for questions. Awesome. So you showed us the process with the keyword await, which handles giving up the control. What does the other keyword is doing? The async, I mean. Async is essentially telling, it acts kind of like a decorator. It takes a normal Python function and it says instead of just executing it, return something which is called a future and unfortunately we didn't have time to delve into that and then you put that future into the event loop and that gets executed on the event loop time rather than immediately. Once you dive into this and you get your hands dirty, you will figure this out really quickly. So you said that the main thing is that you should give up the control explicitly. Can you compare that or can you just say a few words about solution like G event or like about the implicit context switching? So G event, thanks for bringing that up. G event is an implicit way of handing over control. By the way, Django channels is using G event under lib event. I'm not really sure what the difference is. I think the main difference is that you really have absolute control over when you are handing over control rather than let the library figure it out based on what's going on. I think that's the main difference. Over here. Great talk. So you said async returns the future, so coroutines return futures and the await keyword kind of gives control to the event loop and after this is ready we continue with the rest of the code. Is there an API if we want to do something more complex like work with the future object, make a promise chain when everything's resolved, call this callback, something like in JavaScript world right now? Absolutely, absolutely. The example I showed is like the simplest example. You can launch hundreds of coroutines, finish calling all of them, collecting all your future objects and then wait for them. You can say, okay, they're going to happen one after another, but if one of them fails, I want out. You have a lot of flexibility. If you're coming from the JavaScript world and you're doing jQuery with promises and then and when and all that, it's kind of similar. It's not the same, but you have a lot of flexibility. There's still time for one final question, so if not, then there will be a coffee break. Please give Amida a hand. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Welcome to Reader Syndicate 3.0, the next evolution of the look into counterculture that is Kana. My name is Matthew, owner of Riot Seeds, and this started as a one-man mission for strain history and breeding science. Over time, it's evolved into something bigger, better, and more of a team effort. We will be joined by members of the Kana Luminati and other friends throughout the seasons to hear their takes on grow techniques, breeding science, strain history, and more. Our mission is to combat the narrative that corporate cannabis and seed posers are obfuscating for their own financial benefit. Welcome to the Underground. We are The Syndicate. Yeah, so we had questions about from people about this too. So yeah, just go for it. So, you know, a lot of this is your, you know, you can't test your weed at home. You don't know if it's exactly 20% or 23 or 18. So if you're going to use flour, I mean, you can look at your flour and make a good a good guesstimate of like what you think if you're getting a 20% THC flour. And so with flour, you can look at it where, okay, so one gram of flour is going to have 200 milligrams of THC in it. And then that's how you can, you know, then you can figure out, okay, if I've got, you know, at least many grams of flour than that, you know, you can do your math from there. When I use hash, like bubble hash, or even dry sift, and I'm talking about dry sift before you clean it up, would be at a ratio where I figure about you're dealing with the 50-50. You're going to have probably 50% heads and others and 50% THC when you're dealing with just hash or dry sift. So for every one gram, you're going to get 500 milligrams of THC with those two. Now when you move to rosin, it's more along the lines of like with the FICO where it's going to be up around 60 to 80% of THC. I know when I wash, I've had several batches tested now and my hash comes in at over 80% THC. That's not the case for everybody, like I saw somebody's temple ball results and that temple ball came in at only 60% THC. But that's because it wasn't made into rosin, it was made from the hash. And that's why I said that hash, you can figure in at 50% and you'll be probably safe with your guesstimate. So rosin, you can figure 60 to 80% if you're doing a good job, as far as like the one gram will equal 600 to 800 milligrams of THC for every gram you put into something. And that's how that's the math I've always used. It seems to be pretty accurate.  But my bro science has worked that way so far. Yeah, I wouldn't call it bro science, right? Like you're just being consistent within what you. I think just knowing that like, how would I put it? Probably it's because you know what you're working with, right?  And I think everyone just has to develop that sense of, you know, their own material and consistently working with it, ultimately. And yeah, like some of those I think are just broadly good tips like thinking about the material working within these little chunks and just trying to estimate like, okay, if X percent of this chunk is going to be, you know, this mass is going to be THC then, you know, roughly this that. But yeah, like you said as well, ultimately, no guarantee without actual testing. But you can, like you're describing, definitely find a process that's consistent for you, I think. Okay. Any, you did, of course, mention the fact that like, again, different kinds of material, you know, flour versus hash versus rosin. Any other tips there? I think we had someone who was asking about dry sift in particular. Like, is there anything, you know, that you could say to that or is it, you know, the same question? I would say that if now if you static tech your dry sift, you're going to get a better ratio of THC because you're, you know, pulling out mostly heads. But if you do a dry sift, I always go with the 50-50, it's half, it's going to be, one gram is going to have 500 milligrams of THC in it. Yeah. Cool. Is it really easy to, I shouldn't say easy, is it, is there a standard for guessing how much THC is in something? I see a lot of stuff being like, okay, there's 500 milligrams of THC in here, but with all the strains testing different and having different ratios of stuff, like, how does that work? It's all a guessing game unless it's going to a lab. I mean, it really is.  You know, it all, it's just like with hash, whatever quality goes in is the kind of quality you're going to get out from it.  Yep. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, and again, I guess it just comes back to having, whether or not you have some kind of sense of internal consistency, at least like within what you're making. At least then, like, if someone is buying or consuming your product, at least you have some kind of internal measure that you're like using, at least your base units are sort of consistent, I guess. Yeah. Yep. Yeah. Okay, interesting one. Maybe a tangent of that is, how much of a hassle is it to get these things tested? As someone who doesn't live in the US and can't do that ever, like, what's it like to get, you know, products tested? It's expensive. Very, very. I haven't even had a chance to get my edibles to market to be tested yet. I do know when the last thing I was working on was the water soluble drops that we made. And, oh my gosh, I had, I think we sent it to testing three different times because you can only have 100 milligrams in the package. So we had to do the whole formula where we knew how much THC was, you know, per milligram of the drops, and then we had a 10 milligram package. And so we had to figure out how much we had to mix with water in order to get 100 milligrams into that 10 milligram package. And so we did that and then we had it tested and one of them was off by a little bit and one of them was exactly on, like, perfect. So that's the exact ratio. But then the other one, so we had to readjust it and send it back. And then it tested over. So it had to come back and be readjusted and sent back. And then it tested at the right level. That sounds fun. Yeah, right? I've never knew I had to do so much math. You're really in, like, chemistry territory, almost much more so than, like, regular grower would be, right? In some ways. Because you're both in extracts and edibles. And I realized as well that your greatest enemy is chlorophyll in all of it. One of your biggest enemies in both sides is chlorophyll. Definitely. And, you know, the thing is that chlorophyll actually does have benefits. It's an anti-inflammatory. It's good things for you.  Do you make crimson movies? Are you into that? I have not. No, because since I don't like the taste of it, what I do do is I make, I juice the leaf and I freeze dry that juice and I powder it up into a capsule. Oh, that's smart. Yeah. Damn, nice. Okay. And again, is this to get some of that, like, THCA, quote unquote? Or, like, why would you do this? Why? Because the actual raw cannabis plant is amazing. It is so good for you. Like, it's got anti-inflammatory properties. It's cancer fighting. Just 15 raw cannabis leaves a day is enough to fight off any type of cancer. And so, since what part of why I did the capsules is because, like, for one, you can't always have fresh cannabis leaves around and a lot of people don't have access to cannabis leaves. So, and by juicing it, I got it down to where I can juice it and then I freeze it and freeze dry it and powder it down and I have it down to where I've got 15 leaves into one capsule. So you can take one of these capsules and freeze drying doesn't, it leaves you with 97% of the nutrients of the plant. So it doesn't degrade it like when you dehydrate something or let it dry naturally. It doesn't degrade the nutrients in there. And so you're still, it's like taking that raw cannabis still. But it's in a powdered form that you can just pop and take and have anywhere with you any time of the day. You don't have to be harvesting. It doesn't have to be right now. There was a time when I would top my plants and just eat tops, like, immediately. But it was a pretty full-on experience. Like, the flavor is intense. It's so gross. It's really gross. You should try the juice. It was like a weird ritual. I made Buckshot try the juice from the juicer and he was like, oh no. Yeah, that'd be bad. I'd be like, I'm gonna have a juicer. I'm gonna have to try that. It's so gross. You gotta try it. It's so gross. Probably worse, man. Probably even more intense than that. Oh man, have you ever drank wheatgrass? Like, I've had people give me shots of that before to, like... I feel like I have, but not for a long time. It is so foul and bitter. Like, the worst kind of bitter. Like, just instant... It triggers my instant gag reflexes. People enjoy drinking it though. It blows my mind. When I've had full leaves, the main thing I think that gets me is they often taste very peppery to me. And that is like quite a full-on... Yeah, anyway. Okay, what was next? Another point about oils into capsules. Yeah, that's a great way. Okay, like, for example, Electric Lady Land asked about the RSO concentrate and this is a great way to go into that because, and address his question as well, is in my opinion, when you make the RSO or FICO, whatever you want to call it, and you evaporate the alcohol, it then becomes a concentrate. It's not, in my opinion, what I would call a tincture at that point. If it was still in the alcohol, it would be like a tincture. But when you evaporate that off, it concentrates it down. And I will take that RSO and put it into MCT oil, and then I put those into capsules. Because for cancer patients, sometimes, well, for one, the taste of RSO is horrible. It's sticky. Nobody wants to put it in their mouth. I know some people put it on toast or crackers. They do all kinds of stuff. And if you use the concentrate itself, too, it's hard to get it into a capsule of its own. And so if you put it into, like, I like to use MCT oil, and then it can go into a capsule. Just like you could take your rosin pucks after you press your rosin, and you can soak those in MCT oil to extract what's left in there out, and then you can turn those into capsules.  Like with the RSO, I can get them to where there's, I want to say, like, 150 milligrams per capsule so that somebody wants to make sure they take 1,000 milligrams a day. They can take, you know, they know, I would need to take 10 of these capsules a day. So that's why I found the capsules to be helpful, because a lot of people are used to taking pills anyways, and they don't mind it. And that way you don't have the taste or any of the inconvenience of dealing with the actual FICO or RSO itself. Yeah, I think capsules in general are a great way to make it look less scary. Like I, even though in a much more amateurish way, you know, make my own oil and occasionally we'll give them to friends who are not into smoking at all. But because, like you said, they're in capsule form, you know, it's a lot less, I don't know, than to know scary or something. Yeah, I mean, something that we're comfortable with and accustomed to. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, and they loved it. Yeah, old and loved it. No, good tip. Anything else about that? Capsules? I don't think so. What's this one? Actually, the preservative, a good way, because, okay, oil, when you mix stuff in oil, you have a tendency, you know, especially if you're using leaf, you're introducing stuff into the oil that could cause it to go bad faster. And so you can choose to use a preservative. You can do this with your gummies as well, because gummies have a tendency to go bad quick. Lorraine candies sells a mold inhibitor that you can buy and use that in your product. It's the same thing they use in all kinds of different things to preserve stuff on the shelf. And then if you want to get more on the natural side of things, there's a rosemary oil that is a preservative that you can put into the oil before you make the capsules, so they'll last longer, so you don't have to worry about them going bad if you make a bunch of oil to start with. It would keep your oil from, you know, expiring if you didn't use it within a couple months or something.  Because if they turn cloudy in the capsule, you know that's bad. Don't take a cloudy capsule. I've seen it. Yeah, sorry. No, I finished this. I had somebody that messaged me. They weren't my capsules. They had gotten them from a Weed for Warriors donation and they sent me a picture of them and I was like, do not take those. When that oil in those capsules turns cloudy, that means it's expiring and it could, like, botulism could be in there. There could be all kinds of stuff in there because you put plant material in it. So I always caution people that if for whatever reason your oil turns cloudy or your capsule is just, you're going to have to take the loss and not use them.  I really see it go off, but is that partly because it's in the fridge? Are we talking about products that, you know, lie around at room temp or no? Technically, something in the fridge could go off, you know, just as easily, but maybe take longer. The fridge will keep it preserved longer. Like, that's definitely a great recommendation for any cannabis product to make sure it lasts longer because anything that sits out at room temperature is going to go bad faster, especially those oils. So even if you have capsules, yeah, I tell anybody I give capsules to put them in the fridge, you know, they'll stay fresher that way and last a lot longer. I haven't thankfully haven't seen capsules turn cloudy yet, but yeah, that doesn't sound good. Not ideal. No. Okay. I don't know, did I mention this on the, while we were recording? I can't remember, but I know at least before the recording we were talking about how this might just be part one in a sense of like a series potentially because, you know, we could obviously ask Peaches to talk to us about the various, you know, products that she actually has experience with, but I think today was mostly about getting some of this foundational stuff out, but we did have a kind of like last little section maybe before we get to some of the community questions on, was it, was your idea like broadly baking and temperature and time with respect to baking Peaches? Yeah, like because I've been doing edibles for a long time and before there was a bunch of research, like I remember whenever I baked anything I would bake it at like 200 degrees for way longer because I didn't want it to get over a certain temperature and now, you know, everybody's done some more studies and you know you can bake your brownies at 350 in the oven because the actual internal temperature of your brownie doesn't get to 350 degrees. And so, but you have to keep in mind because I see people who will like be frying things in oil and medicated oil and the fryer oils medicated and they're frying in it and I'm like, okay, that temperature's too high. All that THC has been like fried out and converted you're not going to actually get high from frying something in the oil. Yeah, makes sense. Just the one thing I've learned with baking though is that I used to have to bake things at a lower temperature and now I've found that, you know, you can just bake them at the regular temperature for your regular length of time. I do have a tendency though, like I don't always buy it when something's over 400 degrees. I have a tendency to turn it down and cook it for longer with, you know, certain baked items but I have found that just leaving it at regular temperature is fine because it used to take me a long time. I used to do snicker doodles were one of my favorites to make and man, it would take like an hour to bake a thing of cookies at a low temp and it's just funny to see how things have, you know, come full circle when you've done something for so long and now there's new information out there and we used to all be so careful about not getting it too hot and now I'm like, I'll just put my brownies in at 350. It'll be fine. Very good tip. Well, technically, we're kind of out in terms of the points that you wanted to address peaches but I wonder just because we've mentioned it quite a few times and just to give maybe everyone almost like a sneak preview, could you give us an overview of the gummy making process? Just a broad overview? Yeah. Or your one anyway. The recipe, I mean, I have two because you can make it, you can make rest without gelatin and do it with fruit juice and stuff like that. Those ones are a little more difficult. They take a little more setting up in time. My favorite go-to gummy recipe is just with some gelatin, jello and glycerin and it's really basic and simple and you can whip it up and have gummies ready like in two hours. Nice.  You go, sorry. You could use either oil or alcohol or glycerin with it. I will post, like if we want to start a thread, I'll post the actual recipe up for everybody with the ratios but I just use one. It's a small box of jello and two packs of gelatin and then your carrier oil and then I like to use the mold inhibitor because gummies will mold quickly and you just heat it up on the stove, melt it all and you pour it into the molds and let it set and chill them and then you keep it in the fridge and like I said in like two hours you got gummies ready to eat. Geez, okay. I thought it was, for some reason, I thought it was way more grown out of process than that. So essentially it's assuming you have your oil or your glycerin. It's just a matter of mixing it together and putting in the molds. Is that right? Yes, the process you're thinking of is the one where you're like if you're going to use instead of, because some people don't want to use gelatin or jello. So you can use the pectin, you can use agar. Yes, I was going to say that too, agar. Those are two different options because somebody had a question about pectin and it being, having containing pesticides, which is an excellent point. I do know that they do offer a certified organic apple pectin and then the agar is another option if you want to avoid that stuff. But that process is more drawn out. That's when you use the fruit juice and you got to warm that up and then your carrier goes in and you got to add your pectin to whatever you're using and cook it and do it.  It's a whole process. Those ones have to be sugared. Yeah, that sounds like a lot of work. I mean, I assume that people are staying away from gelatin because they don't like the fact that it's from horse hooves. Horse hooves? Yes. There's one other thing though, it's custodium. What's that? What's that? Castorium. It is in a lot of like gummy worms and stuff like that. It is the, it's something extracted from the anal gland of a beaver. Oh, yeah. That's where they get raspberry extract. Oh, yeah. There you go. There you go. Everybody give me a rassles. Yep. I was just waiting to say that. That is awesome. I mean, I kind of find this stuff fascinating because like, so many things come from super strange places.  Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. I kind of remember. Yeah, this stuff fascinates me, honestly. Storium, buddy. Look before you eat. Beaver butthole. It's like the anal gland too on top of all the gland even. That's awesome. Yeah. Extraction from the gland. Well, it might be a good time for us to get to some of those community questions. I think we address some, but there are a few more.  So, okay, I'll just start from the top. We had one from Herb's SD on gummies. I don't know if we cover this already. Is there an easy way to turn rosin into gummies? What's the best foul oil to use? Any trick in getting them not to separate? Yeah. Well, I would get sunflower weapons and that'll be your first thing to make them not separate. The other key when you're going to use oil is doing the stacking method so you're not like, so you can use half a cup of oil instead of a cup because the less oil you use, the better. So if you can stack that batch so you get more into it, then you're going to be better off. I find that the gelatin gummy recipe works better with the oil than the other one does, in my opinion. And you just, you need an emulsifier to make it work. Yep. Nice. Alice D, do you find different cultivars give different effects in the edibles? I assume yes, right? Yes, definitely. Without a doubt. Yeah, that's going to be one of those ones again where it's like super complex and yeah, never really know I guess until you try it. Well, yeah, and it's, you know, it's really hard to always have one cultivar in a certain specific edible because you'd have to grow so much of that specific one, you know, so it's kind of hard in that sense unless, you know, you've got, like I have before, like I said, made a batch of tincture from all strawberry banana and I can tell you that batch of tincture smelled just like the flour. It was quite amazing. That's cool. Was that Matt? That's cool. Yeah, I want some, now I want some blue. I want some blue edibles. Get on the map. Yeah, yeah, I want to try that. That sounds awesome. Kind of closely related. I want to know why edibles are hit or miss for some people, like why they work sometimes and sometimes not. It's, I mean, do you think this is partly cultivar related peaches or is there something else you think? Well, I would say the first thing would be the de-carboxylation because some people don't know about that. So it's possible that someone has gotten edibles that weren't de-carved. Now, if they're from the same source and you know they worked that yesterday, today they didn't seem to work the same, there's a couple of factors, the time that you ate them. If you have a full stomach, it's going to take longer for you to process that through your system, whereas if you eat it on an empty stomach, it'll hit you faster. Your metabolism plays a role. Some people, you're going to fill it in 30 minutes, other people it's going to take two hours. The other thing I always tell is sometimes people's math is off, what they think is 500 milligrams is not. So it's possible that you just got a low dose edible and you're used to it. Then there is the whole fact where cannabis is totally metabolized in the liver. And it's done, it's called the microsomal cytochrome. And that is what helps, that makes you get high. It delivers it to your blood system. So some people have a gene variant in that specific CYP2C9 receptor and it doesn't allow them to get high. It doesn't process the cannabis into their system. So they don't get high from it. So just to clarify, you mean when they eat it, right? Yes. But these people will still get high from smoking it. Yes, because that's a different effect. Yeah, that's right. Cool. And then their whole other thing is, so we all have cannabinoid receptors so we can use cannabis. That's why it works on us. Some of us have 10,000 receptors. Some of us have 100. So when you eat the cannabis, if you have 100, then your system's going to get flooded because you only have so many. But if you've got 10,000 receptors, that same amount of cannabis is not going to work the same on you as it does with someone with 100 receptors. So that's one of the other facts besides that liver enzyme that plays a role as well as when you eat it and all that factor, whether it's D-carbed, I think that's all the factors that would go into why it would or wouldn't work. Very nice. It's kind of as complex, maybe arguably more complex as there are more lays as the question of why some cultivar might get someone high and someone not or why it affects someone differently. There's so many variables here. Down to the process, down to the flower itself, down to our bodies. So yeah, very similar, I think. Okay. What's next question would have been? So what's about washing? And I wonder if actually I might just direct them to checking out the first episode we did with you. This is from Blaza. Newbie intro to washing kit. Someone's more wanting to learn to wash. Do we cover this in the first episode? I kind of really remember. I'm sure we did. I don't know. His thing was about like essential equipment, right? I would say just to touch quickly your essential equipment to wash at home would be you need bags, at least five gallon buckets, something to hold ice, you're going to need scoops, something to wash with. That's your basic something to dry on once some screens. I think that would be a sprayer for spraying down your bags. Yeah, you've mentioned that before. That's a good one. I think that would be your main essentials. And then as far as I think you asked about with edibles too, some of the main things I use regularly is the double boiler, my convection oven, my other oven before I had the convection oven thermometer, the air-conditioning, the strainers, my nut milk bag and a scale. Yep. Yeah. I think we covered mountain flowers Hampton's question which was on pectin. I got to add that in. He has really good hand, mountain flowers. Very good. not know. We got Electric Ladeland. Yep, you covered that question. And even I think Zaza Papa, i.e. in the win. How hard does it have a repeatable product? Yeah, we covered this kind of about uniformity again as well. And we did talk about being consistent with your process and some of your measurements. But ultimately it does come down to testing and that's the only way I can give you an absolute guarantee. But otherwise, yeah, Peters did cover what what she tries to do to ensure consistency. Those are the questions that we've got. Did you get Subrobs? Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, sorry. Yeah, thanks for reminding me to pull it up. Yeah, he did. Let me read it out. Okay. Mr. Subrob asks, if using keaf for baking, do I just melt butter and stir and keep? Will it spread evenly throughout baked goods that way? How much per stick of butter? Um, yeah. Okay, so yes, you can put keaf in the butter, but you're going to want to decarboxilate it first. Um, and it's going to be spicy. The thing about keaf is it is spicy when you eat it. Yeah. What? When you use it to make edibles, it's spicy. I've made edibles with keaf that are almost almost hard to eat. Can you explain? I don't get this one. Like, how is it different from, you know, other extracts? It just hits, right? And stuff? Why is it different? I think it's, I'm not positive. I, you know, I haven't researched it very much, but there's definitely something about, because like, to me, the rosin is kind of spicy, but not as spicy. And I think maybe it's because it's been processed and squashed out. It helps hold back maybe some of that material that you're getting in there, because like with keaf, um, you still got, you know, the stalks and others in there when you make keaf. It's just, it happens. That's why I said your ratio is about 50-50 per THC to the keaf ratio. So, um, I think with rosin, when you press it, that stuff gets trapped in the bag. And so you don't, like to me, rosin edibles taste more like rosin than they, and hash than they do weed, where keaf to me doesn't taste like weed, but it tastes spicy. And like you said, when you ate the weed plant, the top of the weed plant, it tastes spicy to you. So I'm assuming maybe it's in the stock of the THC head, you know, like how you want to stuff the rate to head, but you have the stock. So in my opinion, maybe that stock is what is spicy. And that's why keaf is, but rosin isn't. Probably another good prompt for people to chime in in the comments. If you've experienced this, let us know. More data. Yeah, I find that really interesting. And as far as the amount you would put into that butter, it would be on how much, how strong do you want your brownies to be. And it will, once you melt it in there, it'll disperse evenly. You just want to mix it in really good. But it would depend on how strong. Now I would do the math that I have one gram of keaf, and that's going to be 500 milligrams of THC. So let's say you're doing a brownie batch. Most brownies have nine in the pan. If you want, you know, each brownie to have 500 milligrams, well, then you're going to have to add, you know, nine grams of keaf to that butter to make that brownie have that much. If I'm doing my math correctly. I'm sure you are. Better than mine. I'll take your word for it. I'm sure somebody will point it out to me if I'm wrong. Those are all the questions we've got. But I, because, okay, by the time this episode comes out, I think it's going to be January or something. But when we're recording this, it's the 28, well, 24, no, 19th for you guys, 20th December for me, and probably going to be the last record for the year, I think, Matt. So I kind of wanted to take the opportunity to ask Peaches what she has in store for 2024, just for fun. Well, I'm going peach crazy on the hill this year. That's for sure. That's awesome though. I love it. No, that was a big chase for you. It was. It's been like five years now that I've been actually searching. And so finding it is pretty cool. Yeah. I'm going to be definitely trying some breeding this year with that peach vino. And I have some plans that I want to try. And I'm hoping that this year they, I just got a message from my boss up there talking to me about moving up a trailer because they're ready to start ramping up full time, which means I'll be working up there five days a week. And so we'll see. I have my finger crossed that all goes through and works out. And it'll be all worth the while that I spent the last few years. Sorry, you cut out a little bit. Can you? I think you're cutting out, dude. She didn't, she didn't cut out. Oh, it's me? Okay, my bad. It's all right. That's okay. So yeah, hopefully that goes through. We have an investor lined up that's supposed to bring a good amount of money to the table. And if so, then that means a regular paycheck for me on paper. And it'll be a whole different world. Very nice, right? I hope it goes through. I truly do. Me too. It's been a long road. Yeah, fingers crossed.  I try. You definitely do. You definitely do. Yeah, I mean, that's more or less us for for today for this one for the year, I think. Peaches, like I mentioned earlier, may welcome back for the next outdoor growing episode. So stay tuned for that whenever that happens. And that's kind of it for me, really. Anything from either of your shout outs wise or anything else to add to this this this episode? Just at the end. I was just going to say if anybody has any questions, they want recipes or stuff, we can either start a thread or message me. You know, come check it out on the Discord. I give away a lot of information on there to people help you guys make your medicine. So come join the Discord. I'll help you hook you up with some tips. Where it goes down. Yep. Yeah, absolutely. All right. Do you have anything down? Yeah. Not really. Apart from, you know, best wishes to everyone over the new year break. Again, by the time you see this, that would have passed already, but I hope you have had a happy holiday. And otherwise, we are on the cusp of hitting 10,000 subs, which is pretty cool. Wow. Man, I have a small wager about when that will happen. I think Matt is saying that will happen. Yeah, when was it that? You go. January beginning of January. You've made it even more ambitious now. I thought you I thought you were saying it was like mid-gen. Are you saying it's the start? Okay. Beginning of January, bro. We are hitting 10,000. And if we don't, I'm stopping the show and nobody gets a show. Yeah, we just quit.  We don't need it. It's all or nothing, guys. No, you guys better do it or no more show. Essentially, it's where it's going. Step up. Serve is going down. Just close it, you know. We're all quitting weeds. Never going to smoke again. Exactly. That's it. Done. Done. I'll get a new career. Teaching kids. I'll teach kids. How do you like that? Go back to my old job. Math or English? History. Or history. Sweet history. Kind of a history. That's where I really belong. So that's where I need to be. Hey, that's man. That's doing God's work. I don't know. It was hard. It was definitely challenging. But it was never challenging really because of the students. It was always challenging because of them. I will say that. I love the kids. Absolutely love them. Respect. All right, man. Hand it over to you to sign us off. All right. Well, if you enjoyed the episode, be sure to leave some comments below. I try to respond to everyone, but I definitely read every single comment that comes through as I'm pretty sure that was and does too. We both are big on reading the comments and responding. What else do we got? So by the time this comes out, the diesel drop should have happened. The diesel FAM hybrids and S1s. Right seeds.com. We also have the blue dream S1s out and a few of the hybrids, but there's going to be a lot more coming with the blue dream ones from Goat Form. So check the site for that. We have some of the Silver Mountains from High and Lonesome, the Silver Pearl Appalachia. Insane. Insane stuff. You can get our spray at the site. Also, check out Gurt by Seeds for Australian carrying of the breeder syndicate stuff, which includes all of us. There's also, we have lifted seeds in the U.S. as well. He's a good friend of ours carrying all of our stuff. And we have Riot Seed Co. Europe for our European fans for the Riot Seed stuff. And hopefully we can get him some stuff over from the rest of the syndicate as well. I think, oh, there's a Codex. Go check out our Codex. I need to add some more to it. And hopefully over the Christmas vacation, I'm going to have time. So that'll be another fun adventure. Maybe we could do a little episode on whatever you end up updating. That's a good idea. Even just a roundup of the changes you've made or new information you've gotten. I think also going through it like one by one on the screen with it on and like going through and talking about things that maybe I don't even add on there because they're too controversial but that I'd like to add, you know, things like that. That'd be fun. Yeah, I think that'd be cool. I could even see there being like a live stream kind of vibe to if we wanted to. Yeah, I have a bad habit of like deleting my live streams after for whatever reason. I just get I don't like what I do. I don't like what I do. You know how I am with editing myself? Like even when I'm editing, like there was a long period of time where I just cut out everything I said. It's just one of those things. I know the vibe. I understand. I was actually going to say that even those Instagram lives that you do, you could just slap those on YouTube and people would probably enjoy it. Hey, now you can use StreamYard for it too. So that's right. You know, and yeah, that's that's a good point. I should be using StreamYard for the life of each other. Anyway, sorry. Next page stuff. Yeah, but this is anyway, that's the end of the episode. Screw it. Thank you so much peaches for sitting with us. We always enjoy your company and your fountain of knowledge when it comes to extracts, like edibles, everything. So we really appreciate you and appreciate your time. And I hope you and Buck have a happy holidays. Yeah, thanks peaches. Appreciate you. I appreciate you guys. Well, with that, go check out the Patreon and the Discord. If you want to be a part of the Discord, gotta go through the Patreon. And it's very cheap, very affordable. We're keeping it that way for now. So yep. And I think that will be it. Thousand. That's us. You also have a happy holidays.  With that, love y'all. Cheers. See you next year-ish. Peace. Super fast. And most importantly, the quality is top notch. I've been saving old designs for years for this purpose, so please check it out. SyndicateHere.com. We also have an underground Syndicate Discord where we get together and solve old strain history together daily. It's an amazing community of learning away from IG and it's an amazing resource for old catalogs and knowledge. We hope you join our union of breeders and growers. Come check it out.