So, I'm Kiri. That's Vitaly. Thanks for coming. Yeah, we work for Oracle. Obligatory slide here. Another obligatory slide about Kubernetes preaching to the choir here. Kubernetes growing. This is from the survey from the spring. Production picking up. Really bringing up the topic of multi-cluster more and more, especially as production more clothes go in there. Take your pick. Probably one of these is one of the reasons why you're looking at multi-cluster as well. But generally the trend is going there. What happens when you do multi-cluster? Lots of challenges to look at. We try to look at a little bit from a different angle, a little bit earlier up. The decision stream, if you will, in terms of how you arrive to proper multi-cluster strategy. So, literally a stream of decisions that lead to certain environments where you have to fulfill. But basically the type of questions that come in usually, well, how many clusters do I run? What's the best practice there? Do I run cluster for every business unit? For every app? For every service? For environments? For all of these questions usually come up when you start looking at real live deployment of Kubernetes with multi-cluster, right? Then you get into, how big the cluster should be? When do I resize them? How fast do I make those decisions? What type of tech do I use to manage the life cycle of those clusters? When is that decision made? What providers do I use? If you're running on public or even private in terms of what type of tech stack you use. How to guard myself against some of these decisions in the future to avoid potential day two problems or whatever later down the when you try to make some decisions later. And finally, how do we deploy applications to those multi-clusters? How do we achieve higher availability of those applications? Some continuity and so forth. A lot of these questions come up in the organization. So, we sat down at Oracle a few months ago and started to look into this. And we kind of started looking in terms of how would we approach solving these problems both for Oracle and for our customers as well. But before we get into what our thoughts are on this, generally what an organization would do is kind of implement some kind of process. I'm sure this it's a very generic way of representing, but normally it would be some kind of organizational solution to those questions with a lot of processes and tools out there. You'd usually start with some kind of decision and design to containerize applications to use Kubernetes. From there you would meet and you'd do some kind of reviews about what's current, what's the latest, and those decisions then they're delegated to other teams like development and ops to be able to kind of execute upon those decisions. A lot of communication going back and forth ultimately it ends up with some work being done by the operations team usually to manage the clusters, development to deploy those clusters, picking their own solutions, getting some reports out of it, closing the loop basically you kind of end up organically growing into this. If you're good maybe sometimes you look forward and you strategically implement some kind of process but there's variations of this stuff obviously depending on your organization and the roles, whether you do DevOps or not. So there's quite a bit of decisions going on here and one of the key points we're doing here is people usually make a lot of these decisions ahead of time. Before you even get to deploying clusters you're already deep into a bunch of decisions being made. Usually as you go you kind of end up requiring people with certain skills, the better people you have, the better you're going to do this, some companies do it better, some do it worse. But in general what we looked at it it's really a process organization, people type of solution to those questions that we posed at the beginning. We kind of started looking at well there must be a better way. So we kind of decided to take a blank loop obviously no better way to indicate a blank loop than a blank slide I guess but literally we wanted something that can use some text, some software to be able to tackle some of those questions a little bit later. Given that we're committed to the Kubernetes ecosystem whatever the first thing you start looking at when you're talking multi-cluster is the Kubernetes Federation. How many of you are familiar with the Federation? How many of you have tried a Federation? So a few hands the Federation is there to do multi-cluster we looked at it and it's if you start going through the documentation in the setup you'll end up doing something like you install a control plane it's in its own control plane basically run separate from your clusters you start up a Federation basically normally what you would do is you would go through and add some clusters they call it join so generally you would have to go and figure out how to create the clusters and the Federation just allows you to join those clusters in the Federation once you have the clusters ready what you do is you deploy to the Federation control plane which is pretty much the same process you can use coop control it's very similar to deploying to a cluster but you're deploying to this sort of virtual layer which then you know delivers the necessary application to the multiple cluster that's kind of how you would end up at this point looking at multi-cluster right so if you look at this and you compare it to the type of questions that we posed in the beginning well it's kind of scratching the surface from some of them but a lot of them are kind of left unanswered if you will right so it may start giving you a little bit of an option of how to deploy apps to clusters but it does nowhere near in terms of making decisions about how many clusters should be out there how would the size of the cluster should be who is responsible for them none of that stuff is really covered with the Federation but it's a really good stepping stone we looked at it it's a separate control plane it's a very interesting piece of the puzzle so what we started thinking about it as well right now it's a little too late we already built the clusters right if you wanted to tackle those problems we wanted to figure out well what if we remove the clusters has anybody tried this in the Federation deploying an app without having any clusters in it no what do you think it's going to happen right so the Federation has its own HCD store has its own sort of desired state and all of that stuff so what's going to happen is the application is going to go in there and it's just not going to be scheduled because it's akin to not having nodes in a cluster right so you're going to say well it's useless but it's not useless what you just did you just captured the desired state right so we said that's a great starting point for us right we have a desired state now what we can do is we have an input that we can use programmatically to answer those questions so if I have an actual deployment I basically have a programmatically way to describe the demand for my developers right what I need to do is figure out how to add something that will derive the answers that I wanted it's like if I know what they're trying to deploy I may be able to figure out what clusters do I need how big should they be and all that stuff so what we did is we created a functional component that sits next to the federation we're calling it Novarkos at this point Novarkos being Greek for admiral so what Novarkos is is a controller that sits within federation control plane that specifically listens to your deployments and it will start making decisions about what clusters you need in the whole world right so what does that mean and obviously without going into too much details we'll cover a little bit later about the details but that's kind of the general direction change if you will right what we did in addition to that we added one extra component to be able to offload Novarkos for some of the low level sort of piping in terms of managing the cluster so we created another component called cluster manager so really what happens is Novarkos listens to the demand makes decisions of what supply you need and that supply then gets orchestrated by what we call the cluster manager it's actually pretty simple wrapper around things like cops and we implemented a wrapper around the Oracle container engine so what it's doing is essentially acting as the human who used to sit doing the cops command lines right now the Novarkos emulates that human basically so what you end up with the clusters get created and the application gets deployed so but what we really ended up with is having this control plane where we can use software to tackle a lot of those questions and that's where we at right now so we're gonna get into a little bit of the advantages of doing that but what we really call this thing is an application aware infrastructure ideally it's all about the developers right since the app is the king here right everything else should really be contextually based on the app so at this point what we're trying to do is essentially kind of open up that control plane to be able to very dynamically procure adjust infrastructure based on the application needs we're gonna do a really quick demo Vitaly is gonna do a demo here we're gonna come back and talk a little bit more about the advantages hi can you hear me okay okay so with demo here's what we're gonna do so as Kira already mentioned Novarkos runs alongside with federation so here I already have my Kubernetes cluster up and running with federation parts provisioned you can see there is two parts for federation api server and kube controller manager and these are a couple parts for Novarkos namely Novarkos cluster manager itself and a little helper part there that I will explain later on so now let's start with configuring our supplies and now I have clean federation with nothing configured there and I'm going to load the cluster configurations objects into the federation so right now Novarkos supports two cloud providers one is Oracle Kubernetes engine and AWS obviously so let's take a look on this other configuration YAML's definition so basically the generic federation cluster although with some additional config attributes that are required by the cloud provider so standard stuff like availability zones working on shapes, workers per availability zone and so forth so that's what it looks like for Oracle and these are for AWS pretty much the same thing just a little bit more specific attributes AWS related with zones, obliques, hash keys and what not and as you can see all of those configurations are put here as an annotations so the key point here is to take a look at the lifecycle state of this configuration which is offline and so we're going to load these configuration objects into our federation so again I'm not joining any live clusters into the federation I'm just configuring a placeholders that if demand will arise will get provisioned and the cluster will become available for the federation to deploy to so now we got three clusters loaded into the system and they're all in an offline state nothing is going on there so next step would be to create a demand we're going to have to consume those resources so this is a simple deployment I configure the sample to request 50 replicas it's the image on a public docker repo it's a simple Node.js app that I just want to go ahead and deploy into my clusters so let's take a look at what's going on with our cloud providers this is Oracle Kubernetes engine, nothing is running there no clusters on IWS is to nothing is running, no instances, the same thing with AWS EC2 West, there's nothing there so let's go ahead and create this deployment in federation first I need to create a namespace and then I'm going to create this dummy deployment within this namespace so we can see the deployment is created with desired number of replicas as 50 but nothing is currently running but the market already detected that I've got a demand and it's going through my available supplies I see that I have three configuration items that I can start provisioning and as you could see already the Oracle cluster got provisioning EC2 instances got instantiated on the east and on the west coast and the system will start bringing up the Kubernetes clusters when they become available the federation will start reconciliation and it will deploy this simple app into all of those clusters that at this point will be in a live state and available for the federation to deploy so again as you could see this is two different zones in a public cloud provider, two different providers and the deployment will get deployed to all three of them so this is a little dashboard that we created on top of the federation we have a little controller run alongside that streams the federation events into the elastic search and this gives us a good possibility to visualize what's going on with federation now as you can see EC2 clusters already got provisioned and Nowarkas deployed 25 parts in each one of them and the Oracle cluster just joined the federation and as soon as the system will detect that it's up and running, there is enough capacity there it will redistribute the parts across all three of them so the system constantly monitoring the state of the clusters and available capacity on those clusters and based on this data it actually schedule the application replicas accordingly so it's like one level up scheduling the same thing the Kubernetes does across the worker nodes Nowarkas does on the cluster level so as soon as it will become available let's see it's coming up and now we have three clusters and Nowarkas deployed this application even a little 17 parts 17 EC2, 17 in Oracle and 17 Vest2 so that's what we call the Kubernetes cluster and again if I drop down and I delete this deployment and I release resources all of those clusters will get shut down and then they will wait until the next demand will come in place that's all handed over back to Kira so we do have actually one more shorter demo later we're going to try to show a bursting use case if we get enough time but I wanted to cover really conceptually so what does this mean like I mean that was kind of an explanation of how it works but I want to go back and sort of start exploring really the benefits of the advantages of taking this type of approach so one of the reasons we actually did it originally with a federation is to provide some consistency on the clusters we realize that if you don't have control over who's building the clusters you really don't have much control over I mean does it run ingress or not does it run what type of networking does it gets really complicated from a federation perspective it's like harding cats at that point right so for our solution was well in order for us to run a successful multi cluster deployment whatever we have to gain more control over the capabilities of those clusters and obviously since we're provisioning the clusters we can ensure that they have right or similar capabilities one way to do it is to kind of wait for conformance and all of that stuff but since we have control we can the consistency is key there you can run the same or your right kind of ingress your right kind of add-ons the right kind of CNI or whatever it is you have full control over that so that it's you know it matches what you really need to do for your applications right manageability if you notice one thing happens is once you start treating the clusters you're essentially going from treating the clusters to treating them as cattle it become very ephemeral right and that actually creates a lot more manageability in my opinion because now you can start doing upgrades you can move things much much easier than before where you kind of treated your clusters as you know your little you know static assets that you wanted to use right obviously portability of the application also follows because as you're moving clusters you can start moving applications a little bit faster with this stuff so that it gives you more portability of your application cost is a huge thing right so because we're doing just in time cluster we're essentially constantly optimizing the available well allocated infrastructure that you pay for to match exactly what the current demand is this is important in a public cloud but you'll see that there's actually various type of use cases for cost and we'll cover and that actually do it in on a private cloud as well you can share much more of the infrastructure and provision clusters this is anality for some of your apps and kind of sharing the same underlying infrastructure in a private cloud which ultimately will save you cost because you don't have to run as much infrastructure to achieve the optimal workload sort of consumption right compliance one of the things we realize that once we wedge that control plane in between the actual infrastructure and so it's kind of like we put something in between dev and ops and one of the huge things that you can take advantage of there is for things like governance and compliance I mean you can do significant amount of things in that layer before your applications hit the actual infrastructure right so if you start thinking about security compliance or even just budgets and things like that and I'll cover some of the use cases later but it can improve there's tons of compliance use cases that can take advantage of that pattern if you will right one of the things for example auto scaling we've implemented scale up scale down in that stuff but we're doing it right into the federation control plane using abstract objects what that gives you is the ability to scale up and down regardless of who your provider is which gives you a lot more multi cloud compatibility because all the business logic or operational logic that you're putting in the system it's not really specific to the to any provider global scale obviously when you want to light up certain regions certain components and all of that stuff it should be fairly easy to just kind of extend because everything should really work at that point is just a matter of declaring the right policy and the right selection criteria there when you get to that from that central control player and obviously the ability to do private public a little bit easier so a lot of these like you know there is kind of like it's almost like a platform at that point that you can keep working on and adding more use cases so if you look at some example use cases that we can solve obviously doing a continuous delivery of an application to multiple regions and I know we didn't talk too much about how the application has actually configured in that multi region we've done a bit of a development on adding additional sort of federated ingress controls and stuff we'll cover that a little bit as well but that's the sort of the primary use case to be able to deploy apps to multiple regions and kind of be able to kind of scale up and down anytime you want bursting and I don't mean actually bursting just in a classical single app going from private to public there's all sorts of interesting use cases that we can do with bursting by prioritizing the cluster for example as I said in a private cloud you can have a set of dedicated infrastructure for certain business units and a set of shared infrastructure for anybody to burst on so you should be able to run your base workload and only when you need it's going to burst to a set of clusters with a lower priority that are shared that way you can more effectively share private infrastructure for multiple business units or on Amazon if you want to use spot instances versus dedicated instances so you go on the reserve they're there but then you can burst on spot for example so or the demo we're going to do is potentially if the application allows depending on latency and data affinity you should be able to burst from private to public as well so all of that stuff is an option because your control plane does allow you to do that sort of like baked in obviously we talked about manageability the ability to do you know Kubernetes cadence releases everybody's stuck with doing upgrades well when the clusters are very ephemeral you can inline upgrades you can still do them probably depending on what your underlying tech you use to be able to do but major upgrades could become a problem this allows you to simply junk a cluster replace it with another cluster without even telling anybody in development basically continuous integration with sort of temporary clusters you know you deploy the app the app deploys the cluster you do an end-to-end test you undeploy the app it shuts down the cluster that's a use case too and as I said as we realize that we have this sort of limbo control plane that sits in between we can we can start looking at for example service meshes if you want to do inject things on a global scale you can use that control plane because you have visibility for the global the sort of the global desired state if you will we can start using it for security to insert network policies to insert service mesh rules and all of this stuff is possible we've done some pilots these are kind of not in something we have implemented yet but a possible use cases that we can take advantage of also managing budgets you know if you're using multiple providers then you get stuck with well how much capacity they give each team in each provider this kind of allows you to potentially centrally control some of that stuff because it's it governs the usage of the underlying infrastructure right so I think tell you want to show them the bursting yes so for this demo I'm trying to simulate the use case when you have your private cloud with cluster running in it and you want to burst out into the public cloud so I had a federation running locally on my laptop on minicube and I have another cluster running again on my laptop on minicube and I joined this cluster to my federation to be a managed cluster and I call it this my little private cloud and on top of that I registered my burst out cluster object I configured it to be used in Oracle Kubernetes engine and usually when ever since cool around locally my Oracle cluster is offline I don't touch it so let's take a look at how it works so as I said I have two clusters here burst out okay Oracle Kubernetes engine is an offline MQ1 is in ready state and let's take a look a little bit in more details how these clusters are defined so as I said this one is a Oracle one with a standard provider configuration and then the key difference here is this new cluster priority attribute that is for Oracle set to two and for minicube one the priority is one and this has a little this has limitation on number of allocatable pods set to 30 and the use pod is already 25 because I already deployed my app here and it's already used up some of the capacity so again back to little dashboard here we see that pretty much 100% of this deployment is resizing MQ1 which is my private cluster and my burst out or key cluster is offline so what I'm going to do here now is I will okay yeah I just want to demonstrate that this deployment have desired replica 20 and what I'm going to do is I'm going to scale it up to 14 and let's see what the system is going to do in this case so undo the cube cattle scale and put the replica equal to 40 all right so it's scaled now and we can see that it's already set yeah number of desired replicas is 40 and current is 20 but what happened in our office already detected it that requested number of pods is over capacity of my private cloud so it went ahead and start provisioning my burst out cluster in the Oracle cloud so as soon as we will become available what is going to do is going to fill up all of the available capacity of my private cloud and whatever remaining pods left is going to burst out into my public cloud cluster so we can see like okay my Oracle cluster is up and running and if we go back here you see the distribution so the blue one is whatever the left number of pods got burst out into the public cloud and it's used up all of the capacity on my mini cube so now the most important part of all of this burst out stuff is shrinking back and how the resources will get released while you know your peak time is over already so again what I'm going to do is I'm going to just scale my deployment from 40 replicas back to 20 and we'll see how the system will react to that all right so it's scaled if you go back here you see now all the 20 replicas are back on my mini cube and on my burst out cluster I have zero pods running now the system again monitors that okay my burst out cluster will become idle so pretty much no user pods running there and within a idle TTL time if nothing goes going on there it will pretty much shut it down because we don't need it anymore and that's basically what we're going to see here yeah so as you can see this cluster already being terminated because it's idle and we don't need these resources anymore so that's pretty much it on burst out how come he gets the applause all the time just one more slide we're done we've got five minutes for question we open sourced this stuff yesterday currently it's on the Oracle GitHub account there's actually the primary component there the cluster manager supporting component we also made some additional enhancements and changes we have a federated ingress controller that uses DNS as a back end this has to do with kind of managing the application a little better in multi cluster that was not focused today but we got some more code out there that we didn't cover today we are going to work with the SIG multi cluster to see what if we can kind of make this an incubator project we're just kind of starting those discussions right now but that's pretty much it any questions yeah great question so the question was like the underlying problem of the applications running into multiple providers with stateful sets yeah so and I kind of hinted a little bit on that obviously the runtime needs to support that now what I will tell you right now is that we're working on potentially doing a full stateful set global application now the federation has still hasn't released the stateful sets yet so we're kind of trying we've done some pilots where we can link up the clusters using Calico where we run like direct so some of the applications that are stateful especially running your stateful set as a data application within Kubernetes you'll be able to use the sharded application so essentially it's going to start creating like let's say you're running Cassandra or Kafka or something like that right it's going to start sort of bringing its own data as replicas into the other providers to be able to it's not supported right now but it's coming along and obviously as I pointed out the bursting from private to public in a single application it's a kind of complicated use case but the bursting as I mentioned it within the same cluster to be able to share some of the local infrastructure either in a public or private provider it's a valid use case that you can take advantage of right now while we're waiting for sort of better support you know for stateful apps across a hybrid but yes I mean that that's an underlying problem that you can solve with a control plane on top of it right you have to be able to weaken what we want to do is enable compatibility if the application supports that that your control plane will support that but it's a little bit of a chicken in the egg right so one thing if your application supports it and you're still stuck with well how the heck am I going to manage all this stuff right this gives you the opportunity to manage it once it's ready I mean it's not a perfect answer but yeah go ahead that's correct the federated control plane is it's got its own it uses the same APM machinery state reconciliation as the primary cluster right now the way they distributed it actually kind of needs its own host cluster but it's out completely up to you on how you run the federation control plane itself with Navarcos now we've been doing a lot of work on trying to create a highly available federated control plane because it's kind of become the critical point so we're probably going to come up with some solutions soon that you look into it but yes it's its own control plane at this point and you know obviously I would expect that at some point you know either you can run that control plane on your own with some high availability tools will potentially rely on some providers or something to give you that control plane but it's completely separate from the clusters right well I mean it's you can create that control plane on your own because it just requires like a special host cluster so you can deploy it as a regular Kubernetes app obviously you have to manage the federated control plane yourself and it gets into a bigger discussion about you know well how do I manage a highly available federation so you get into discussion about using federation to manage federation what not again we have some ways to do it to do it and we'll hopefully it'll come but you can either choose to run your own federation control plane you can choose whether you want it containerized or not and which providers you want to run the control plane whether you want multiple provider redundancy for that control plane but again that has nothing to do with all the other runtime clusters that you use for your application so it's kind of yeah it's essentially a it's control plane only right there's no worker nodes or anything in that control plane all it's doing it's storing desired state it doesn't run anything on its own it just controls the other clusters so it's pretty lightweight from that aspect one more question yeah so great question right now we're kind of so yes their first class objects we're currently borrowing the cluster spec definition that the federation came up with which is not really sort of a resource first class it only describes the clusters that were pre-built but we kind of flipped it so we are using the cluster spec as a source to manage the clusters a new working group right now is trying to declare cluster APIs and new specs about managing clusters and what not but your second part of the question if I understood it correctly is that the complexity of kind of making some policy based decision about which apps needs to run on what clusters even if it has to build the clusters yes I mean there's a feature in federation called cluster selector that will give you some basic sort of segmentation but obviously the segmentation is not at this point limited to what's actually running if the segmentation chooses to start using some clusters that are kind of idle or offline it'll start bringing them up and whatever so you do have some capabilities to start sort of like label based selector type of decisions so you can you can have a bunch of clusters with a label production or QA or west or east or you can come up with whatever labels you want you can have your developers bring their constraints basically saying I want an app I wanted to run in Europe I wanted to be secure I wanted to be whatever but they're never picking clusters all they're doing is they're giving you conditions that need to be satisfied it's your responsibility when whatever on the Novarkos side that's kind of the whole point of this thing really it's to decouple that developer flow if you will from the actual infrastructure in a way of you know you have a query and you need to satisfy that query alright that's it thank you


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss the following question and the question says that, Prepare a balance sheet for Dr. Lawson for the year ending December 2012 using the following information. Dr. Lawson has $30,000 cash, the cost of his furniture and equipment is $1,200 and $5,500 respectively. He pays annual tax of $3,500 and has a long term loan of $20,000. He has bonds of $6,000 to be paid and has outstanding wages of $3,000. He has made a short term investment of $8,000 and has prepaid salaries of $6,000. Now we know that the balance sheet calculates assets and liabilities. Now assets are the economic resources owned by the person or company. These are of two types. One is current assets and the other is non-current or fixed assets. Now current assets are those assets which are being used as cash or will be converted into cash within an year and non-current assets are those assets which cannot be converted or will not be converted into cash within an year. Thus total assets are given by current assets plus non-current assets and liabilities are the debts or the money which has to be paid to the creditors. These are also of two types current liabilities and long term liabilities. Now current liabilities are the payments which the company has to make within one year and long term liabilities are those payments which will be made by the company in the long run and not within one year. Thus total liabilities are given by current liabilities plus long term liabilities. Now using this key idea, now we will prepare Dr. Lawson's balance sheet showing assets and liabilities. In assets we will show both current and fixed assets and in liabilities we will show both current and long term liabilities. Let us first write the heading that is balance sheet year ending December 2012. Then we will make two columns, one showing assets and the other showing liabilities. Here we have divided assets column into two parts, one showing assets and the other showing amount in dollars. Similarly we have divided liabilities column into two parts, one showing liabilities and the other showing amount in dollars. Now first we will write current assets. We are given that Dr. Lawson has $30,000 cash so it is a current asset. Also we are given that he has made a short term investment of $8,000 and has prepaid salaries of $6,000. These are also current assets so we write all on columns as shown under current assets cash of $30,000, short term investment of $8,000 and prepaid salaries of $6,000. Now we write total current assets that is $30,000 plus $8,000 plus $6,000 which is equal to $44,000. Now we write non-current assets or fixed assets. We are given that the cost of his furniture and equipment is $1,200 and $5,500 respectively. So under the heading non-current assets we will write all on columns as shown that is furniture for $1,200 and equipment for $5,500. So total non-current assets are $1,200 plus $5,500 which is equal to $6,700. Now total assets will be given by total current assets plus total non-current assets. So total assets will be equal to $44,000 plus $6,700 that is equal to $50,700. So we write total assets as $15,700. Now we move to the Liabilities column. First we write all the columns as shown. We are given that Mr. Lawson pays annual tax of $3,500 which is a current liability. So we write tax as $3,500. Also there are outstanding wages of $3,000 which are also current liability. So we write outstanding wages of $3,000. So total current liabilities will be given by $3,500 plus $3,000 that is equal to $6,500. Now we will find long term liabilities. We are given that he has bonds of $6,000 and has a long term loan of $20,000. These are long term liabilities. So we write bonds as $6,000 and long term loan as $20,000. So now total long term liabilities will be given by $6,000 plus $20,000 which is equal to $26,000. So total liabilities will be given by total current liabilities plus total long term liabilities. So total liabilities will be equal to total current liabilities that is for $6,500 plus total long term liabilities that is for $26,000 and this will be equal to $32,500. So we write the total liabilities as $32,500. Thus this is the required balance sheet. This completes our session. Hope you enjoyed this session.


Today's seminar focused on our development studies project that conducted six country studies over the last four years and that project responded to two recommendations on the YPOS development agenda that called for evidence-based policymaking in developing countries. We worked in six countries throughout the world. We worked in three Latin American countries in Chile and Brazil and in Uruguay. We worked in China and Thailand and we worked in Egypt. At the outset of each of these country studies we sat down with government, with national stakeholders. We discussed what are the kinds of policy questions that they are interested in and on the basis of that we proceeded with the studies. One important common element of all of these studies was that up front we created a new databases that laid the foundation to gain new empirical insights into the relationship between intellectual property protection and socio-economic development. Well I would start with with the data. We created databases on IP use drawn from the operational data that exists in intellectual property offices, but we also worked a lot with these data. We cleaned applicant names, we provided bridges between intellectual property data and firm performance data and that not only served as an input to our study work, these are public goods that we hope other researchers can use as well. Secondly we conducted a number of analytical studies that allowed us to gain new insights on how IP use affects socio-economic development. Some of the things that I suppose we suspected were born out in the studies that we conducted. For example the studies highlight the importance of trademark use among small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. Other things I think were more surprising such as the reliance of firms in Chile's mining industry for example on the intellectual property system. And finally I think a third important outcome of the project was the creation of research capacity. We worked with local economists in the countries in which we conducted the study work and also in the intellectual property offices. There was economic research capacity created and in the case of two countries, Chile and Brazil, you now even have full-time economists working in these offices conducting economic research work. Well I would point to two limitations. One is that of course we had an empirical focus and I think some of the really interesting questions there just was not sufficient data to answer all of the questions one might be interested in. Also I think one has to be careful as always is the case in social science about causality. You know quite often I think we are able to uncover interesting correlations that I think do inform the policy discourse but I think one has to be careful not necessarily to infer causality from some of our findings. What next? Well first of all all the studies that we produced are available on our website. Just go to WIPO Economics, search for it in Google and you would find our development studies page where you would find all the country studies that were conducted as part of the project. Also our member states approved a second phase of this project so we will be continuing with this work. We will follow up in some of the countries in which we've already worked. We will also work in new countries in which we have not engaged in economic research work so far and we very much hope to take this work to new regions especially in Africa and also explore topics such as the impact of copyright protection that so far we have not considered.


Hello. In this video, we will see how you can reduce your multi-cloud costs and optimally utilize your infrastructure by using true-side cloud-cost control. For the purpose of this video, let's consider a scenario. Claire, a cloud manager in an IT organization, is responsible for managing the existing multi-cloud environment. She tracks the monthly cloud costs and reviews and analyzes the cost reports to keep the expenses in check. She regularly checks the usage of existing infrastructure elements to determine whether there are any cost-saving opportunities. On reviewing the AWS monthly bill, Claire notices an increase in the total bill amount. She is worried because she knows that they are exceeding the allocated budget. The first step that she would like to take is deep dive into the specific virtual machines that are provisioned on AWS to check whether there are any oversized or unused resources that can be managed better to reduce the monthly bill. Let's take a look at how true-side cloud-cost control can help Claire resolve her current problem. So log on to the true-side console and access cloud-cost control, navigate to the cost optimization page. The resource usage tab provides you with a quick view of the cost-saving opportunities that you have to improve the efficiency of your multi-cloud environment. You can get details about the idle or unused VMs and the VMs with underutilized resources. Claire needs to focus only on the VMs that are provisioned in the AWS cloud. So we can clear the other providers from the global cloud provider filter to show only AWS data. This section provides a quick comparison between the monthly cost of your compute resources and their optimized cost. This optimized cost is calculated based on the total estimated savings that you can achieve by implementing the suggested recommendations. Let's check out the detailed recommendations. The table on the page displays all the idle VMs and their details. Let's take a look at the detailed recommendation for a VM. In this case, the recommendations window provides the exact findings when the recommendation was generated and other details for the idle VM. The recommended action section gives exact identifier of the VM and the attached AWS volume. You can see the breakup of the savings that you can achieve by deleting them. You can click on the online help link for more information about how the recommendation is generated. You can save an offline copy of this page by exporting it to Excel to get details of all the recommendations and use it to perform the actual actions in the AWS portal. Now let's check the overallocated VM section. Here you can see virtual machines with underutilized resources. Similar to the page that we saw for idle VMs, this page provides details of all the overallocated VMs in your infrastructure. Let's check out one recommendation. Now this recommendations window provides the exact findings along with the recommended actions. In this case, the AWS instance has been detected to be underutilizing all the three resources. The recommended action is to resize the virtual machine to a specific instance type that is also recommended along with the VM configuration. By implementing this recommendation, you can save more than $800. This is the accuracy icon that indicates whether the recommendation was generated based on your configured requirements. This is how Claire can use the cost optimization page of TrueSight Cloud Cost Control to identify the idle and overallocated virtual machines to determine the actions to be taken to handle these VMs. Know the estimated savings that can be achieved by following these recommendations and be better equipped to reduce the monthly bill. For more information, refer to docs.bmc.com. We hope this video was helpful. Thank you for watching.


Here at Mystery History, we cover the unexplained areas of antiquity, either ignored, avoided, dismissed, or simply given an incomplete or often illogical historical lifeline of existence by mainstream academia, particularly those which we have covered of significant size, quarried from many miles away, now often immovable and once transported and either erected or placed atop one another seemingly effortlessly. We were, in a past series of investigations, looking into an interesting quarry within the Basda cave system on the edge of Turkey, a place with particularly good granite and a proven source of stone for numerous megalithic sites many miles around. Later, proven by us via the preserved linkages in tool marks to have been used by more than one group as if they had coalesced at this particular site. Yet, as mentioned, we have long argued that not just one advanced civilization capable of moving and cutting these incredibly monumental megalithic stones have been and gone, and we feel we have and continue to provide sufficient proof of these claims. The Colossae of Memnod, said to have once sang at sunrise, are both made of stones thousands of tons in weight, yet are eroding to dust along with countless others, yet clearly once precisely cut, just like all the other stone ruins we cover worldwide. Yet sites like Petra and the polygonal casing stones found in some most curious of places such as the pyramids of Egypt, preserving stones in a similar condition to the Colossae. Certain stone monuments of gigantic size, found and stored in near-perfect condition, are found in these same areas, as if somehow spared catastrophe. Does this prove a sudden great flood? They, regardless, we claim, prove several cycles of activity at stone cutting creation. Were some monuments emerged and therefore preserved under the sediments, like those secretly removed from the pyramids and Sphinx during initial investigations? Or were they attacked by a geological event? The perfect preservation of some of these statues must eliminate sand ware as a possibility. The pursuit to the answers to these questions become closer, and we feel highly compelling.


Freedom! Today I wanted to talk to you about the Freedom Forums Contest running right now, and it's a holiday themed contest. The specifics of it I actually don't know, because I recorded this before all those were ironed out. However, I do encourage you to do this. Now we've been doing giveaways on the forums since I think March, and the way that usually works is there's a $50 paypal transfer that we do as top prize. Second prize is usually $50 worth of games, and then going from there sometimes we'll have like a consolation prize, sometimes we'll do something that if you click a button and tweet to raise awareness, then that will give you an entry for a smaller prize. We have been doing this for so long and we've seen it help so many partners. I say it helps so many partners. I don't necessarily mean with just the prize. I mean it helps them feel welcome in the community, start conversations, find collaboration partners because they're using the forums. These days it's really really easy to shy away from something like the forums because we have the Discord, we have the Facebook group, we have Twitter and so many other things. However, if not used properly some of these things can isolate rather than actually help a partner. There are, as always, there are so many ways to look at it. I don't want to say with any authority that that is something that does isolate a partner, but I've seen it happen here and there. It is so important here with the freedom community that you actually participate in the community if you're looking for something of it, and this contest is so instrumental to helping the freedom partners just because it helps get people interacting. I encourage you please check out the December contest link down there and we will see each other on the forums. Anyways, till next time don't forget to like, subscribe, and do all those things that make us love our jobs. Also, be awesome to yourself and amazing to each other. Thank you for watching another Freedom Video. If you'd like to connect with us on our socials, be sure to check out our Facebook, our Twitter, Facebook groups, of course our support Twitter, and of course the forums. I'm so gonna drop these. Anyways, thanks for watching.


Today is November 3, 1983, President Reagan's arrival at Cherry Point, North Carolina. Officers and men and women of the Corps, ladies and gentlemen, I came here today to pay homage to the heroes of Lebanon and Grenada. We grieve along with the families of these brave, proud Americans who have given their lives for their country and for the preservation of peace. I have just met with the families of many of those who were killed. I think all Americans would cradle them in our arms if we could. We share their sorrow. I want all of you who lost loved ones and friends to know that the thoughts and prayers of this nation are with you. If this country is to remain a force for good in the world, we'll face times like these, times of sadness and loss. Your fellow citizens know and appreciate that Marines and their families are carrying a heavy burden. America seeks no new territory, nor do we wish to dominate others. We commit our resources and risk the lives of those in our armed forces to rescue others from bloodshed and turmoil and to prevent humankind from drowning in a sea of tyranny. In Lebanon, along with our allies, we're working hard to help bring peace to that war-torn country and stability to the vital Middle East. In seeking to stabilize the situation in Lebanon, you Marines and sailors and our French, Italian and English companions are peacekeepers in the truest sense of the word. The world looks to America for leadership and America looks to the men in its armed forces, to the Corps of Marines, to the Navy, the Army. Freedom is being tested throughout the world. In Burma, that government has announced conclusive evidence of North Korean responsibility for the atrocity taking the lives of many members of the Korean government. We stand with South Korea, and I will be going there next week to carry our message to them, a message of revulsion at this atrocity, determination to stand with our friends in support of freedom. In the Middle East this morning, we have learned of yet another terrorist assault similar to the attack against our Marines, this time against an Israeli site in tear Lebanon. In spite of the complexity and special hardships of the Lebanese crisis, we have stood firm. As ever, Leathernecks are willing to accept their mission and do their duty. This honest patriotism and dedication to duty overwhelms the rest of us. In Grenada, our military forces moved quickly and professionally to protect American lives and respond to an urgent request from the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. We joined in an effort to restore order and democracy to that strife torn island. Only days before our actions, Prime Minister Maurice Bishop had been brutally murdered along with several members of his cabinet and unarmed civilians. With a thousand Americans, including some 800 students on that island, we weren't about to wait for the Iran crisis to repeat itself, only this time in our own neighborhood, the Caribbean. In a free society, there's bound to be disagreement about any decisive course of action. Some of those so quick to criticize our operation in Grenada, I invite them to read the letters I've received from those students and their families. They know this was no invasion. They know it was a rescue mission. Marines have a saying, we take care of our own. All America, with the help of Marines, will take care of our own. And our brave Marines, soldiers and special forces, including the truly gallant Navy Seals, were not just coming to the aid of our students. I hope every American will be able to hear the stories of the political prisoners who have been freed. The citizens of Grenada, who watched helplessly as their country was being stolen from them and turned into a staging area for totalitarian aggression. These same Grenadians are hailing us as liberators, and they're doing everything they can now to help. Every American can be proud of the professional and gallant job that our armed forces have done, and all of us can rejoice that they're coming home. I came here today to honor so many who did their duty and gave that last full measure of their devotion. They kept faith with us in our way of life. We wouldn't be free long, but for the dedication of such individuals. They were heroes, and we're grateful to have had them with us. The motto of the United States Marine Corps, Semper Fidelis, always faithful. Well the rest of us must remain always faithful to those ideals which so many have given their lives to protect. Our heritage of liberty must be preserved and passed on. Let no terrorist question our will, or no tyrant doubt our resolve. Americans have courage and determination, and we must not and will not be intimidated by anyone anywhere. Since 1775, Marines just like many of you have shaped the resolve and strength of the United States. Your resolve or your role is as important today as at any time in our history. Our hearts go out to the families of the brave men that we honor today. Let us close ranks with them in tribute to our fallen heroes, their loved ones, who gave more than can ever be repaid. They are now part of the soul of this great country, and will live as long as our liberty shines as a beacon of hope to all those who long for freedom and a better world. One of the men back in the early days of our nation, John Stuart Mill said, war is an ugly thing, but not the ugliest of things. The ugliest is that man who thinks nothing is worth fighting or dying for, and lets men better and braver than himself protect him. You were doing that for all of us. God bless you and thank you for what you're doing.


The first item of business this afternoon is time for reflection, and our time for reflection leader today is Reverend Norma Moore, Church of Scotland. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and members for the opportunity to speak to you today. When I first became a minister, I discovered that the Church of Scotland is awash with committees. We have committees for everything, and they take up an inordinate amount of time and energy. In every one of these Church committees there are the yes men and women who usually vote with the chair, no matter their own true feelings. There are the single issue folk. Whatever you happen to be discussing, the issue is raised at every meeting. Then you have the awkward squad, those who always have a different opinion, and so the discussion goes round and round and round. It is exhausting and time consuming, but if you want to take folk with you, it is the only way to get things done. Or at least the only way to get things done, where even those who do not agree cannot say that their voices have not been heard, that no one has listened to their views. This is democracy. As Churchill said, democracy is in the worst form of government except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. As democracy you are dealing with here, you have committees at all levels, and like the Church you will have the yes folk, the single issue folk, and of course the awkward squad. Being the age I am, my mind slips back to Tony Ben and Tam Dielle. Man, were they a problem for the leaders of the day, but we most definitely need them. We need the people who keep prodding us with the things we hadn't thought of, the things we would like to go away, the things that directly oppose our own view, the things that will make our lives difficult. For this is democracy at work, and no one can say that they weren't listened to, that their concerns weren't taken seriously. They won't all agree or indeed be happy, but they will have been taken seriously. You can please some of the people all of the time and all of the people some of the time, but you can't please all the people all of the time. Your job may not be to please the people, but it is to do the best for them and for people to read individuals. That is a very tall order, but by listening to the opinions of all those around you and seeking to bring as many of the strands together as is humanly possible, then it seems to me that, with apologies to Churchill, you are providing democracy and it is the best of all forms of government.


Hey everybody, welcome back to Magic White Doxy. My name is David and this is the 13 Decks of Halloween. That's right. We're going to do 13 days, 13 deck reviews of the spookiest decks in my collection. Actually, there's plenty of decks in my collection that would qualify as a spooky or Halloween themed deck. But these are just 13 that I grabbed kind of at random, kind of not that we're going to show to you for the next 13 days. So get ready. Here we go. The Skull Deck from Gambler's Warehouse and PlayingCards.net. Again, this was a Kickstarter, just like the Steampunk Bandits from yesterday. This deck was all themed from a single card that was found at the Conjuring Arts Research Center. It was a single card. We'd have no idea if a rest of a deck even exists. So what they did was they took that 100 year old card and made an entire deck based off of that one back design. These are printed from the United States Playing Card Company. What I do like about this is it's just cool color, an orange deck with skulls on it.  You will get a double back card in there. So that is cool as well. All right. So that is it for this really quick brief review. If you want to see the full review that we did earlier, you can check the link below in the description and come back tomorrow when we're going to look at the Dia de Las Muertos deck from the Edgy Brothers. Thanks. Bye.


Obesity is not a disease. It's a result of choices and your lifestyle. Now I'm not saying it's easy, but it's not a disease.  Does that make this rounds again? Yeah. About disease, diagnosis? They've been trying to push that narrative for a long time and there was this episode on CBS where this doctor was being interviewed. Number one cause of obesity is genetics. That means if you are born to parents that have obesity, you have a 50 to 85% likelihood of having the disease yourself. Western medicine is imperfect, just like all forms of medicines. There's things that they do very well. There's things that they do very poorly. Western medicine is driven heavily by its biggest producer of revenue, which is the pharmaceutical industry. What always follows when something is determined to be a quote unquote disease, what always follows is a medical treatment. This is part of the game. It's a disease. It's not a result of your lifestyle. It's not a result of your choices. It's not your fault, but don't worry. We have the drug.


Your coca-cola bottler presents Claudia based on the play and novels by Rose Franken Brought to you transcribed Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself Have a coke and now Claudia Dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum David nearly dressed yet I will be in two shakes of a lamb's tail. You look lovely dressed in a lamb's tail Now before I go into shape you'd better tell me what it is you want me to do. How'd you know I wanted you to do? I've been your husband long enough then please pull the sofa away from the wall so I can mop up the floor behind it What what's the matter with mopping up behind the sofa now look darling just because you are interviewing maids today That doesn't mean that you have I want the apartment to look all spruced up for when they start coming they But then you won't look as if you needed a maid exactly No maid these days is going to take a job with a person who who doesn't look as if she can't keep her apartment clean herself But that's what the maids for I thought you just don't have any psychology at all He said it's getting late. You mean it's getting early. Must be all of quarter to eight Quarter to eight already. Oh, I'll never get the apartment all cleaned up on time. What's on time eight o'clock? Didn't you read the ad in the paper? I looked for it, but I couldn't find it. You couldn't find the ad? No You probably looked in the wrong place It's a lovely ad I'd take the job myself. Mm-hmm. You may have to Let me see. Oh General house worker to be a member of the family laws children cats and dogs and the country Call nought and size of five five five nine seven or apply Then I give our address Well, how's that? Think we'll get a lot of answers. No No, I Understand it's still very difficult to get someone these days with a child and a cat and a dog seems to me if I were a maid I'd grab the job Imagine living in a beautiful house designed by you and taking care of a beautiful baby designed by you and you And living in the country Sounds like a wonderful job. Well, you ought to know you've had it for a while. I don't ever want another job darling Don't you even want to raise? I don't even want shorter hours I'm very satisfied with the position and I'm very satisfied with each and every service you have rendered Would you like to prove it darling? I would and move that sofa. Oh, I might have known it There's a price to pay for everything David, what do you think she'll be like? Oh? The maid. Oh, she'll probably be very big and very pale with large hands and flat feet Well, she'd be young or old Bitwicks that doesn't sound like our maid her name ought to be Bridget Or maybe she's Swedish a Swedish girl called Bridget. That sounds very interesting Well, I'm all through sweeping behind the sofa. I'll push it up against the wall. You weren't so busy being an architect I wouldn't need a maid She's very considerate, isn't she? Who have we been talking about? I knew maid, of course She's waiting till eight o'clock to call us up. Just like it said in the ad. That's not very encouraging Why isn't it? Well, it makes me think that maybe there aren't so many maids who are just dying to come and housework in the nought and zoo I bet you're twenty cents spin threat David, do you think that's one? It's not eight o'clock. Well, that shows how much she wants the job. She couldn't wait I'd better get out of here and get dressed. Hey, how does the room look? How do I look? Just like the new maid Oh, I can't wait to see what she'll be like then answer the door before she changes her mind and goes away David never interviewed one before. What's it like? She'll probably interview you so relax. I'm relaxed Then you'd better answer the door and find out what kind of a maid our maid is I I'm going in the bedroom and peek through the keyhole. I wish you were interviewing and I was peeking David, what'll I say? Just roll out the red carpet and shout welcome She really wants the job. Here I go. Keep your fingers crossed darling. Take off that apron It doesn't matter. She'll understand Hello, I'm Mrs. Norton and I'm Mrs. Brooks. I'm very glad to meet you Won't you come in? I don't mind if I do But is it all right if I interview you here? Interview me? Why no, no, that's fine. We'll go in the living room. Well, there's no one home Only my husband who's dressing.  Yes, we're married. I Hope you don't mind. I'm not dressed. I was just dusting up. Oh, that's perfectly all right You were get started early, don't you? So do you so? Well, this is rather an occasion an ad like yours just doesn't come every day. Oh, you like the ad I'm so glad and of course. I'm delighted that you like to get started early in the mornings, too Because my husband and I are very early rises. Yes, that's quite unusual these days. Is it? Well as long as you like to get up early and we like to get up early it doesn't matter about anybody else does it? Yes Well, this room's very nice and clean. Oh, I just did it very hurriedly. We thorough clean on Wednesdays Clean that sounds very encouraging. I just can't stand a place. That's dusty. Can you really are an exceptional person? This is nothing, but I can't abide with dust either. Well, then we'll get along beautifully Do you like children? Oh, I'm extremely fond of them, but I haven't got any of my own. Oh, I am sorry Well, my husband will probably want to see you and I of course will want to see him of course Well now, what have we got left to discuss? I'd like to know a little about your experience. My uh, oh Well, I haven't had very much, but it's the spirit that counts. That's what I always say Besides my husband and I like simple foods. Oh, yes, of course. And so do I and salary You mean wages Yes, of course wages. I think we can let that ride for the time being Let's wait and see how it works out. Well, that's a perfect idea I'm certainly glad I didn't wait until eight o'clock to call you. You'll probably be besieged Oh, it's so difficult to find the right person these days and your ad was so appealing You don't mind. I'll go in and see if my husband is ready. Would you be ready to start right away immediately? I'll get my husband. I'll be right back Well How is he but she sounds wonderful. She does and you were certainly right. She's interviewing me I forgot to ask her whether she likes cats and dogs too. She muster or she wouldn't have answered the ad That's true, and she loved the ad You know, she doesn't look like a maid at all. No, what does she look like? Well, she's about 40 and like you said beautifully dressed. Well wages are high these days Don't you want to come in and see her? No, that's it. Well, I put on my tie and cold eye I want to make an impression. I told her all about you. She seemed very pleased about you, too Well, you'd better go back in there before she changes her mind about taking the job Oh darling, I can hardly believe it. Just think we have a new maid and a wonderful one And I'm the first try kiss the Blarney stone and schedule. Goodbye Blarney stone Mrs. Brooks, my husband will be right out. Well, there's really no need. I'm sure he'll be fine and I'm completely satisfied with you Your attitude is what pleases me most my attitude Well, if you don't mind Mrs. Brooks, I'd I'd like to say the same thing for you. It's nice of you Of course you're very young and somewhat inexperienced, but we'll manage Oh, I do hope so. Mrs. Brooks, I hope you won't think I'm impertinent, but you see, my husband and I sort of like to know a little more about the people who Yes, and so do I. But you know, somehow from the very first moment I met you, I've been thinking, how shall I put it? But I've been thinking that well you're not exactly the type one finds doing housework Oh, I don't mind. I was just doing a little dusting around before you came Well, now it's all settled. Yes, and I know I'll be very pleased with you and your husband Oh, David, this is Mrs. Brooks Glad to meet you Mrs. Brooks Good morning, Mr. Norton My wife tells me she's very pleased with what you told her That's nice, and I'm very pleased with what I've seen of your wife Oh, by the way, I was just wondering, have you any references? References? What did you say, Mrs. Brooks? Oh, of course, references aren't important. I still say it's the spirit Now, isn't that nice, David? Well, now, here's my card Oh, thank you And I won't take up any more of your time, and well, until Saturday Goodbye Goodbye Until Saturday then And thank you for coming Well, of course, I'm not really accustomed to going out for interviewing, but Oh, well, you know how things are these days. One does so many things differently David, isn't she wonderful? I'm not sure. It sounded to me as if she were interviewing us That's what you said would happen I know, but, well, not so seriously David, don't look a gift made in the mouth Just thank your lucky stars Oh, it's eight o'clock. There's another one David, just tell her the position is taken Hello Yes, this is it Have we gotten a job yet? What was that you said? Have we found it? Well, I think you've made a mistake. I think you have the wrong number Darling, darling, get that newspaper David, what's the matter? Look, here it is I thought so What? Our ads in the wrong column It's in the jobs wanted column, not in the help wanted column That means that Mrs. Brooks was interviewing us. She thought we wanted the job David, oh no Then we haven't got a maid after all But she seemed so perfect And Mrs. Brooks hasn't got a couple after all either And we seem so perfect We'll have to call it You better answer that And you'd better answer that We'd better not answer either We're a couple of false pretenses They'll be ringing all day long And so many more people want maids Then there are maids that want people Wait a minute, darling If a good enough job comes along, maybe we ought to take it Maybe you better answer that phone Oh, and when you're through with the telephone, darling Will you please answer the door? Suppose the bell rang right this minute And unexpected guests popped in Would you be in a position to greet them As hospitable as you'd like? If there's a case of Coca-Cola in the house You've no need to worry Whether the young people bring their friends home Or your own companions drop over For an hour or an evening If there's plenty of coconut ice Then enjoy the pause that refreshes You know, Mr. King, I was completely taken in By Mrs. Norton And she was by you, Mrs. Brooks But I don't envy her Her phone's going to be ringing like mad all day long Well, Claudia won't mind too much She just loves to answer the phone Name you the woman who doesn't And tomorrow she gets her big chance Oh, indeed, how? Well, it seems that Mr. Carrington Telephones from Chicago And the papers David needs are locked in the safe You know how safe combinations are So, Claudia and... Papers, what papers? What papers? Well, I wish I knew But I suppose I'll find out tomorrow And I will, too Goodbye, Mr. King Goodbye, Mrs. Brooks And I hope you find that maid you're looking for As I was about to say Every day, Monday through Friday Claudia comes to you transcribed With the best wishes of your friendly neighbor Who bottles Coca-Cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is Joe King saying Au revoir And remember Whoever you are Whatever you do Wherever you may be When you think of refreshment Think of Coca-Cola For Coca-Cola makes any pause The pause that refreshes And ice cold Coca-Cola Is everywhere These broadcasts are adapted for Radio by Mania and Roger Starr And the entire production Is supervised and directed By William Brown Maloney And now here's a word From your friendly neighbor Who bottles Coca-Cola


A lot of the schools here you find similar problems as you go to your school. It's usually a lack of resources or funding for teachers. But this school specifically, he said about 70% of the students here in Pitois don't have birth certificates so they can't attend school. So only about 30% of the children population in Pitois actually attending schools here, which is pretty concerning. So civil affairs at its basic level is we advise the commanders on all military things that are civil in nature. And whether it's government, the local population, institutions, economy, whatever, anything related to the civilian side or civil domain. Prior to even coming into country we analyze regional socio-political climates. We study those things, we identify the vulnerabilities. And then we come up with ways, things that we can do to impact those in order to meet our commander's objectives. We're deterring Boko Haram from coming further south. We're enabling the local population and the host nation government and their militaries to fight Boko Haram on their own. So by doing that it prevents U.S. military from having to get into a large scale conflict obviously. But more importantly we're enabling our African partners to be able to fight their own fights. Not just against Boko Haram, but we're building and strengthening their institutions, their own government institutions and their militaries to combat Boko Haram now. But whatever other threats that may arise either regionally or within the country later on.