And I did get it. Oh, oh, come on for and I got a one and I don't know if you know, but if you You're catching on Dion if you have another dice jar and just set it then I'm cooked I wish Yugi a master tool is no stranger to a bit of luck You know, maybe you go first maybe you go second or maybe your fate comes down to a coin toss Or in this case a dice roll or a coin toss That's right now that the game has received a few updates It's got some more dice cards and coin cards me and siriax are back to duel it out me taking on the side of dice Him taking on the side of coin He's standing by I can tell he's sorting through his decks right now Also as an added twist and just to make it a little harder to build the decks Oh, I see that's what standing by means just to make it a little more difficult We also put in a rule that all of the cards in our deck need to mention dice and or coins in some shape or form There's one exception that being polarization. That's only for D on the all of my coins say dice all of them Not even the spelling trap say dice Is what he said. Oh damn. I meant to say cards man. Damn now. I'm embarrassed my coins say dice editor Please uh nice with uh, well you got oh He was coming out. What was he trying to do there? I was looking at the wrong side That's embarrassing. No, I thought I was in diamond. Yeah, I picked up vanquish. Oh, I started going a little crazy. Oh deon I hey, hey, you like my mate. I hey, I don't I don't have hunger, but why is he making that noise at me? I'm gonna start by playing second coin toss. That's a pretty powerful card for you to open up with I'm not gonna lie unless you open with three copies of that man. Which case got you then I'm just gonna play Sasuke samurai I'm gonna set a couple cards and end my turn.  I think I might go crazy on this turn Um now that being said oh wait I I just have too many cards to use I'll start with deon you you know this card ever heard of dual taining It's to keep it entertaining bro. You did. You know, I liked it so much I added another one um after that I'll keep it pretty simple I'll set one card and set another and then uh, I'm gonna pass it on back to you crazy and then set two cards Well, that's because my my craziness starts right now.  That's six for you deon.  That was the whole point I should have set a different card. I should have oh I feel advanced coin toss being a 50-50 compared to one out of six chance. It's kind of crazy All right. God. This is so risky. I play tour of doom. What it what is this?  I I get I guess you already did Oh, would you look at that heads? There's so I just don't get the normal seven. Yeah, enjoy that bro tour of doom.  Um, yeah about that, bro I don't believe in that. I you know what? I'll even set because I don't even care. I think I'm just gonna win this You're not though. You know, you're not.  Ain't you got to activate tour of doom or whatever? Oh, it's only during my stand by phase. Yeah Okay, okay. Go ahead though.  I will I will bro. I didn't expect you to samurai I didn't expect you to take your turn that quick though. I'll be honest You get it his name is sauce gay, bro. You get it Yeah, I get it. I got blind obliteration.  So that's a four. That's a two That's all you needed. Why I I actually can't use the effect of yeah No, all right. There you go. Also, didn't I just roll a card? Wouldn't that be rather dual taining if I uh Oh, I had to roll only one six-sided die if it's two it doesn't count It all right. Well, I guess module score. It's another card. Never my turn What are you gonna do activate arpies feather duster and wait dual taining might be kind of Busted, I'm not even gonna lie.  Oh my god. I would have been done for Yeah, you would have just been locked out now. I'm locked out next turn time to cook, bro Oh, not him. Yeah. Yeah, it's not him Snipe hunter ditch snipe hunter and now roll my now roll my dice for the turn so I can get real No shot head judging. I cannot allow this. I'm just trying to be dual taining, man. I cannot allow this Ah, we did look at that.  I can roll a die. Okay. I could just change my dice roll Uh, or even your dice roll too, I guess but uh, unfortunately, it doesn't really work for him I can't normal summon.  Have your life points nice Oh wait, you can change the result. Yeah, I'm gonna go ahead and bat six that to turn that one into a six I'm too good at the game. I'm too good I'm too good now. I wish I would have been able to pop dual taining off that and draw two But I guess I'll just sit here and not do that. Damn. Come on bad. I just I guess I'm gonna end my turn Bro this I am actually locked out right now Yeah, tour of doom. Was this was this new? I haven't seen it. I don't think so. I remember being on the roulette I just signed in the world coin and this popped up. I was like, I'm gonna try this. I guess I'm cooked I mean at least like it's still set. I guess it's still set. Yeah Damn, I I'm leaving dual taining on the field until I can activate it If you want, I could take it. I could take this card out this card's annoying No, no, I hey bro. It's coin versus dice bro. No hold bars. Okay. I don't think that's how that term goes But yeah, hey, well now I'm gonna get the flip someone so watch this Yeah, if I get to tail twice in a row Yeah, well, guess what? I believe in the heart of the cards man one go ahead. Try it again I will you won't you did That's fine. Hey, look, look, look, look. I don't even need to normal summon right now because I could just If you have a special summon, you can still do that. Yeah, exactly. I have cards that allow me to do that. Believe it or not I don't Hey, I don't Thanks for taking god.  You know what? I just realized is dual taining doom It's keeping me alive. I really thought being a dice roller was gonna be easy for me But I just realized that it means it also means roll a dice five times at a turn. Yeah, no, that's that's not easy Yeah, that's not easy to that is not easy to do at all. Hey, could you toss two more coins for me, man? At this point just toss seven coins for me so I could why they I really thought There's nothing going crazy. That's too. That's too already. So like low-key You just need three more if you get three right now.  You know what? I'm gonna go crazy, bro Get dual taining out of here because it's time to dimension the dice This allows me to search my deck too. I'll go ahead and add a dimension dice from my deck to my hand Thank you very much. No, he's playing a different game within the game Sadly that is where my turn stops though, but I'll activate dice dungeon Let's see what I get. I could either lose 1,000 attack or double my attack. Ooh, that'd be pretty good, huh? Two, um, wait, what if wait, well, I gotta read I gotta read Um, each player No, yeah, that was that was yeah. Oh wait. Whoa. Yeah. Oh, you got to roll it. I see wait. No, what you rolled that Oh, did you get oh, it didn't roll as my dice it rolled as your dice Anyway, take 1900 that was actually better than doubling my attack by the way. That was the best possible option Oh nuts 1900.   Wow. I never play this like one of the worst archfiend cards in the world It's really not that great. No, but if it's the only archfiend you have I can get a free thousand attack point boost All right, I lost it. I'm gonna need I'm gonna need that heads. I'm gonna need that heads expeditiously Things are looking good. All right. I need that heads. Hold on. Let me get my let me get my archfiend boost Heads. Yes. Okay. Okay. You got me. You got me.  I take 500 damage too.   Hold up graceful dice on top of that Hold up. Let me go bro. Just doing shit And that's a two but I can turn a two into a one So no, I'll just take All right, but he used arcana force Temperance to have the the damage that I take here. You took no damage. Oh or just take no damage. What? Oh, no, I just take no damage. I was thinking of it's it's toss a coin effect when it's on the field. Oh Yeah, yeah, yep. Yep. Yep. Thanks for using all those uh resources on that I appreciate that.  Oh my god, bro. How could they do be like this? I'm back to 1900 though. All right.  Yeah, I do I'm actually I wonder why the other head judging didn't take it tails by the way Yeah, I called it right get that out of here. I'm not sure why the second coin toss didn't pop Because it was your coin toss Oh That's fine. I'm not crying. Uh, all right.  All right. We'll set this one then. Let's uh Let's go and let's go into prayer go into prayer. Shall we pray? Oh brother This is bad. This is very very bad for you This is bad. You never know when dimension the dice might go ahead and get a little crazy I believe in my luck But you're gonna need a lot of luck because I just drew another one of my most dangerous cards Oh tour of doom. Go ahead. Do your thing, bro All you can do is slow me down tour of doom. You can never stop. Oh 500 as long as I slow you down Hold the dangerous machine type six Oh, brother This card could very much doom me by the way, but I'm going into actually hold on. Oh wait. No, I can't flip someone Behold taking it all on this dimension the dice dice dungeon will activate Hopefully allowing me to double my rate. Dotto.   Where are your monsters at, bro? Sorry archfiend wants my attention another thousand attack point boost by the way Oh Hey, what is this all about bro? I'll take your monster if needed pale wrong. Call her wrong. Call her wrong. Yes I'm too lucky. I'm him. I knew infernal queen archfiend was the best card of my doubt couple base Oh, if this hits me, I'm I'm Yes, yeah No, come on. Come on. Do it twice. No. No. No. Yes. Damn. That's what you were saving it. Okay. I guess you couldn't activate it before But dang, okay. Okay. Now I can finally play the game a little bit more I feel they definitely they must have seen every youtuber making the dice versus coin video and they were like, you know A buff dice bro dice kind of needs it dice. Yeah dice was struggling. Yeah, but now the dice dungeon is here We kind of winning games now. I'm gonna set this All right. All right. All right a little more comfortable a little more comfortable And then doom is just gonna keep your face down. Yeah, if I I mean, you know, I don't know Dangerous machine type six. What does this do again? I didn't even read all of the effects one I would have oh no. Oh, I would have had to discard but now well, I guess I'm just gonna destroy it, right? Yeah All right. Well, cool and went bonkers for real. Yeah, that was that was not that was not cool Come on tour of doom. Don't be doing me like this. Yeah, don't do me like that.  Don't do me like that now All right. Now let's end this game, huh? Let's end this game. Let's play a little dice jar game Ooh a five Two, wait, how does that work? Um, you're about to take no, you're about to take six thousand damage. Anyway, see you No, you because you change it. No He takes six gay to the chest Oh my god I wish I could say it was a game of chance, but honestly, I just rigged the results. That was crazy All right, let me switch to the other deck that is uh Similar but a little a little different. Okay. Of course. Of course. Oh, no, bro. Oh, no, brother I don't know if this is the best. I don't I don't that's to say. I don't know. I don't know All right, so Wow, this deck I present to you dotto doya I present to you the I just threw every arcana force card that I could find into this deck Light carrier. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, let's see and then I'm gonna go ahead and play Arcana force one the magician. Okay. Who's this guy? I can just pick my result by the way. Yeah heads All right, he's going with heads.  Because I'm not afraid to attack That's the thing, bro. That's six. You know, I only run one of these in the deck And you got it And I did get it. Oh Oh, come on And I frame one four and I got a one and I don't know if you know, but if you roll a one it counts as a six You're catching on dion.   Wow. I don't even know how you're supposed to I don't even know what you can do. Honestly against this dice jar. If you have another dice jar and just set it Then I'm cooked. I wish You don't know that that could be any monster No, you're crazy, bro. Honestly, that six might need to be bad. It's too good. It takes the luck element out of it Oh my god, here I am just rigging the results, bro. Is this bad? This is very very bad This is catastrophic. All right, uh Play this. Okay. Who is the emperor? I mean, I feel like you'd want heads on this one. Yeah, of course I'm just so afraid that that's a dice jar. You know what?  Yeah Duel's over. Don't do it. Don't do it. Don't All right, I'm taking out that six I don't even think it was that six. Dice jar was crazy with that So you want to do you want to do what all right?  Can I tell you something? I opened all three dice jars. All three of them were My fate was sealed. Yeah, that all three dice jars and that six I'm pretty sure I could have beat a meta deck with that hand. No meta deck would pop that four flips over And would have three negates and that's also that's for both the trap card and the spider Oh Now this is interesting Oh, let's see interesting card here. All right, we're gonna just set. I'm gonna set. Okay Um Okay, I will activate dice jar. I mean dungeon not jar. I've got used to saying jar that searches a card Yeah, it was pretty good.  I'm actually not gonna activate his effect I just want a dice dungeon beat down because I don't even know who you have honestly Damn, I'll take that. I would like you to still not cannot be destroyed by bet. All right Now don't do it bro. You don't have to you don't have to do it I do have to do it bro.  I'm not doing it twice. I'm definitely not I'm definitely not that invested in taking out the fool. I don't call him that bro. Hey, bro That's his legal name. All right. Let's see. He's got a little gold medallion on too. He's all buttoned up He's ready to go. All right. Let's go ahead and play I need to get rid of this. All right. I'm gonna play arcana force number three Tails what I do you time your opponents and one card from your hand to the graveyard. That's pretty detrimental. Wow. That's horrible Wait, that's awful All right, I am going to This is de meant does dice dungeon work for me. Um, I don't know. I guess you would know by if you go to the battle phase Yeah, that's my note. Oh, yeah. No, I mean it works for me. But yes, I'll of course.  It's kind of going bonkers. This this video is just Yes, finally I don't know how this is gonna work. Let's first I'll normal summon. Well, actually, yes first I'll our normal summon roulette. But what what you got? Oh, whoa, I'm changing it to the other effect. I don't know if I needed to do that before you I think you needed to do that. Hey, what's happening now? I have to discard.  Oh also this wow this card was a lot stronger than I gave it credit for I'm going to special summon or got the roulette list. This guy's pretty this guy's pretty damn cool And now I'm just gonna roll three dice and gain the damage That's a two. That's okay That's a three. That's a little better than two. That's a four. That's a little better than three When you play dice, they give all these cool cards, bro Yeah, bro. And now in my battle business, what's the best card?  You've got a six.  Huh?   I think I just lose Oh, thank god. Wow. He just he just raw dog the head or got the relentless is kind of nuts Yo, what's up with this deck? Again granted? I did just throw in every arcana force card But these cards suck. I should have stuck with my first deck.  My first deck had a way better chance of beating you. All right, bro. It's it's or got time Come on. Give me two. Give me two of the same number five.  Which uh, doesn't look like I was gonna be meeting much, uh force to stop me there But if you had monsters, you know, you would have got don't do it, bro. Don't you would have got goddamn or got thawed 4,600 Okay, you don't even have to do that, bro. Okay.  I'll give you a homey drop I'll tell you have a level seven and a level 10 in my hand. That's what I'll tell you I'll tell you right now. I got two level sevens in my hand this card good Hopefully this is good. Uh arcana reedy Hell's probably not good. Cool. Your opponent adds one card from their deck to their hand.  Cool Thanks, dude.  Oh, this is this would be good if I had light barrier on the field Dude, this deck is so sick. Dude. Dice is definitely better than coin now I used to be a coin guy. Dice is infinitely better than this. Well, they got recent support I know that it's so good. I'm just gonna tribute two monsters, bro You already know who you're about to see double orga. Oh, we just taking turns out here three Give me two fives. Give me two ones I'll take just random numbers. Anyway, orgoth on the right. What do you got to say? Five give me two fives. Give me three fives. Why not? Let me get a little crazy. Okay, two fours Draw two Oh my god. And now look at this. I can act like dimension dice to ditch one of my orgas The special seven psychic rover from my deck. Finally. This is who we've been waiting for. I know And now I can destroy two cards They're both awful. I couldn't do anything. He's nuts.    It feels like bm This is feeling I actually missed both dice rolls. I'll dice dungeon.  Hey, bro. Relax. I tried my artist God, these are candle force cards.  I don't know how you'd make orgoth work against like meta decks though That's kind of the thing. All right. I can see the appeal to that cool Hey, man, don't don't don't get the wrong idea. You could still Oh, that was close. You just made a big mistake pal Bro, I just want to feel something. I gotta get my damage in I'm back.  I don't know that You know what?  I could do it again. I'm but hey, hey I'm going to throw up Is this an infinite loop Infinite loop nah, ah, anyway, you want to hit that surrender button for me? Oh, I missed I missed.  Oh my god psychic rover is the coolest card to ever be added to the game Oh, that is sick. Oh my god Again, you guys didn't know we did this before but this was before any of these cool dice cards were even in the game, bro I know the dice got hella buff. These guys came up for real.   Dice dungeon. I gotta go back to the I gotta go back to the main coin deck Oh my gosh the the pot of greed on orgoth go crazy. I just can't let you get established See see I the main the main coin deck arcana for us. Oh my god.   All right, you're not winning this last one though respectfully I don't know bro respectfully. It might not be up to you. No these these coins, bro Dice might be too good coins. Hey konami. I know we said buff dice in the last video But hey, it might be time to take a look at coin. I think you guys threw on a whack again Oh my god. No, you don't even worry about that konami. It'll all be based off the results of this rule Uh-oh, I know what I'm doing. Shout out at my turn. I draw Oh First I'll activate dice dungeon every time get dimension dice Then I'll normal summon dice jar to activate dimension dice Yeah, I got the relentless on the picture, bro He's on the dimension dice picture. He is bro. And he's here. That is so cool Orgoth the relent he is he's down right relentless three six two six is and you're done. Never mind Yeah, I mean I guess that's my whole turn really. Oh, I do have to dice dungeon though That's kind of the it's kind of the stick is you do have to dimension the dice.   Don't do me like that. I need to hit that so bad Orgoth There's a reason they call him relentless Never gives up. He never surrenders Don't do that. Um, I'm a little nervous I will go ahead and activate dice dungeon. I'll also go ahead and activate that six just in case I mean, it's not like I can affect you. I can't affect you I got a three, but what does that actually mean for me? Lose 500 attack or I can turn it to a six to oh just double my attack. Yeah, I'll probably do that Oh my god I don't know if I play I'm willing to risk this attack anymore I mean what what else is there for you, man? You I think you've got to take out orgoth I know but like I could let you attack me instead. Oh, that's true. Actually But you never know bro orgoth might attack directly Oh Please miss. Please miss. Please miss. Please miss.  He is orgoth. Of course.   It's that psychic boy psychic whore, bro psychic rave It's orgoth time Oh, that's not very nice fun.  We're gonna dimension the dice right here right now Your orgoth versus mine. Stop it, bro dimension the dice. Let me be happy. What do you think you're over to the grave?  This is crazy, bro. We're not playing the same game Is there anything bad that can like how do I prevent this? Oh, no, you dodged it. He's not coming back Oh, thank god. Oh, yeah, because you can only turn a one into a six, right? Yeah, and if I get one or six, he can't psychic rover is actually playing all right So it looks like we are the odd. We're just gonna bash orgoths together, bro Or I'll take two fours. I'll take two fours.  So, yeah Actually, we're not gonna we're not gonna bash you.  You didn't even have to let's see.    You are correct on that one Of course Amen to that one, brother. Of course Holy smokes. What's crazy is didn't you play dice last time? So when dice was bad, you were like, yeah, I guess I'm playing I always play whichever one's bad, I guess No head judging still on the field, right?  I'm on my way, bro The only the last mini game we have to play is one last dice dungeon activation We just did dice versus dice. Honestly. Yeah dice is kind of cracked dice be dice would have been crazy Damn orgoth kind of a nuts card though. It's the whole setup, bro He's kind of different.  He's he's different That's it was kind of rough for real and I'm not even a doll Well, hopefully you guys enjoyed this episode of dice versus coin konami. Um konami coin coins need help Coins need help and again just so you guys know the rules were it had to be pure coin pure dice So there was no like hot cards or like, uh, right geckies and and harpies and stuff like that It was literally all coins and all dice and right now dice is up dice is insanely up I I got a smile ear to ear. Oh konami. Please drop more orgoth and dice dungeon support. Thank you and good night


Hello everyone, I have some exciting news that I'd like to share with you. After 10 years of putting it off, I've finally got to a position where I want to study for a doctorate degree, so after lots of tweeting and talking with lots of different people and thinking about what I would like to research, I am delighted to announce that I've had an informal offer to study at Cambridge University, so starting part-time this September 2018. So I'm really excited, so tomorrow I'm off to visit and meet my supervisors and have a kind of initial conversation. So I will post more details tomorrow and over the weekend I've got a blog that gives you my research proposal in full. But in a nutshell, my entire teaching career, 25 years, and my passion for design and education, and in the last decade I guess social media, bringing all these things together, my research is now looking at how social media is influencing education policy. So that's what I'd like to tackle. With my reach on social media and the teacher toolkit website, I've been exposed to some fascinating insights and analytical data and impressions and all sorts of growth, and then seeing how social media has influenced education dialogue and what impact that actually has or has not on the classroom floor has been quite fascinating, particularly in the last six months I've been visiting schools all across the UK. So that's my news. Blog out this weekend. I'd love to know your thoughts, any advice, and thanks for watching.


Well, good morning to everybody. I well, I promised you to To give you reference to that book. It's that book It's as I mentioned, it's rather old book. It was published the the last edition was published in 1983 But I think still it is really a very good book from just physics Point of view how medical physics should look like So if you want to have the physics background for your work That book is really Is really nice is profitable for for you today when I looked for that boy I even found it in PDF in internet. So maybe it's not fair But anyway, that book is there Okay, it was very nice overview of Imaging systems which can be used for radiotherapy what Professor Hartman made but before I Will go to my lecture you ask at me about the modulation Transfer function yesterday, which is In some sense the part of my lecture So I found in my several Lectures I Have in my computer part of one lecture and I just tell you a few words about That just to understand what is modulation transfer Function, but before I will tell you that please remember that modulation transfer function in learning in teaching is to be in time at all lectures So if you have If you want to have a good modulation transfer function, please be in time Okay That's a professor. I say to you Okay, and now please consider such an example We have cobalt unit. This is the source quite big. It's two centimeter diameter source And we have here the block Okay, and we take a picture of that block What we will see if we draw the profile of That picture how that profile will Look like it was Well, if that will be something like this why because of the diameter of the source And that's exactly modulation transfer function if the source The source which gives you an image would be ideal then Your image would be like this okay But it's not like this because the source you used for imagination for making images Is large one. So your modulation transfer function Is not as good as You wish to have that's the first well feeling about modulation transfer function and now Let's imagine that you have periodical object, okay Well, we can say sinusoidal object.  What should be thicknesses to add to have attenuation Exactly equal to sinusoidal function. Okay, so your object can be Described by that function and this is the formula you can use for that Okay, that's very simple Snuffing complicated, okay, let's imagine what happens if you look at an image of that object First of all, please remember that we can describe with that formula and this is amplitude and this is average amplitude and The fact function which modulates your object, okay, and This is what you get on your image Let's imagine that that's your function and the function is described again by exactly the same function but we have different amplitude and There is Shift in face Let's imagine that there is there is usually there is okay so we have an object and we have a Detector sorry for Polish language, but I couldn't change that slide because It was an image, so It took me a problem to change it. Yeah, okay, so we have do you see the difference? The amplitude is different. Okay What is object modulation? It's does the ratio between the amplitude and the average signal Which is produced by that object. What is modulation of the detector is exactly the same What is modulation transfer function is the ratio of these two functions Okay, so modulation transfer functions by definition is this But of course that depends on the frequency If we come back to our object that was the object with a given frequency But you may have different frequencies in your object. For example the edge has inside very high frequencies and These frequencies are Not transferred because any longer you have the edge You have more smooth function so that means That Imaging system is not able to transfer very high frequencies of the object okay, and just Last slide concern modulation transfer functions. We have periodical object. We can using Fourier transform transform it to into the Frequency space so we can describe our object with different amplitudes For a given frequency. Okay, and we can look at the object which was taken with an Imaging system we can again transform it into frequency space and for each frequency we have Amplitude we have divide amplitude of the object and Image and that is Modulation transfer function. I cannot say more about that. I'm not ready for it Okay, and now I will change my presentation So many different ideas came to my mind what to say to you It's it's always when I'm listening to other lectures different ideas Come to my mind, and I think I should change a bit my presentation Okay, how to use image information IGRT. That's the second part of my talk. Okay Well, what is the most important thing? if we Consider reproducibility there is a very nice movie What is the most important thing and in that film? The most important thing is family So but we talk about reproducibility. Okay Well, not procedures not imaging systems, but good preparation a patient for radiotherapy Please remember that That that's the most important thing You I think that you don't know how the patient feels When he or she is prepared for radiotherapy How difficult is to be treated and Consequential it's difficult to cooperate with such people Do you make thermoplastic masks in your departments who do it almost everybody all everybody? Okay? Have you ever made yourself that mask who made it? Okay, and that's a very good idea Because then you can feel what a patient Feels when he or she is prepared for radiotherapy because your radiation technologies and Also you you have cooperate very well with them You should talk to them before you start preparation of your treatment because reproducibility depends on the elite of reproducibility immobilization systems Independs mostly on the behavior of a patient. So for example, it's impossible to immobilize patient in the pelvic region just impossible But if patient leaves on the table and Doesn't move that means Reproducibility so you should cooperate you find the the good position for for him or for her Which is just reproducible just try to lay on the table without having something Below your your knee then immediately you will see that it's difficult to line that position so your work Your aim is to find the best position of your patient Might be not your but you should come when you can you should talk to your radiation technologies to to explain them how it's important Here you have there these two pictures are from my department how The work can be done in not proper way you may see here This is from simulation and This is from treatment. You may see the difference in the position of the spinal cord But that is certainly because the first position was wrong that patient was was pushed to keep the Let's say artificial position for him or for her of course during the treatment here she Changed his position to the more more comfortable. So again, that's the what I think the most important message I want to to send to you Please work with your patient to prepare him or her To find the comfortable position and to explain him or her what will go on Okay, so that's that's the most important. Okay now Let's move to the to the more strict part of my presentation I'm sure that Well, you know what is tumor control probability is just probability of control of of kill all cells in the irradiated region, okay, you more control probability can be in Approximate manner described with this function. This is TCP what you would receive if Homogeneous mean dose would be delivered to to the target and this is you have to subtract from your TCP for D mean and And sigma is just standard deviation of those distribution in the clinical target volume Gamma is so-called normalize dose gradient. It tells us how much you TCP is changed by if you change the dose delivered to the patient of 1% Okay, and that fact and let's imagine that your patient for fully homogeneous dose distribution TCP is 0.5 then if Sigma increases TCP Decreases depending on the gamma if gamma is freedom. It's blue line if gamma is five is I Don't know the color the pink In general I have problems with colors man usually have some problems with colors Okay well, so if we think about Well procedures we can apply for making Our treatment more reproducible. We should think about two two terms about the mean Sorry about the mean dose so that's the dose prescribed by the doctor and Total uncertainty of radiotherapy procedure in terms of mean dose depends on the uncertainty of preparations. I mean the TPS calculation model uncertainty of realization and standard deviation is Uniformity of those distribution in the PTV and mostly it's related to reproducibility of treatment plan So if your treatment is not reproducible So the patient move during irradiation Sigma increases if Sigma increases TCP Decreases but the most important is of course mean dose if you don't deliver the right mean dose you change your TCP of a large Okay, so What that means that means that if we think about Systematic and random error systematic Errors are those error who are present all the time during the treatment. Okay, and random they change They they change from the day to Today, okay, and of course systematic error is most More dangerous because it influence on the mean dose delivered to To a patient the random error is less Important it's important, but it's less important because it influence on Sigma on Homogeneity of dose distribution in the target unless it's very big Random error then also the the the mean value is changed. Okay, so How we verify radiotherapy in space of dose you compare Prescribes those and deliver those for example with in vivo dosimeter different systems We measure before we start treatment so on and in space of location, which is portal control, which is all Things we are talking about Again we compare we have reference image and we have actual women we compare them and we find the We find the difference between them and we know what is an error error of Of the treatment again, we can use simulator for that But however, I don't recommend to use simulator or recommend use you to use digitally reconstructed radiographs. However However, right now simulators disappear from Radiotherapy department, but in my opinion, it's a mistake why Because as I mentioned to you the most important thing is to to to prepare a patient properly for your treatment How you may prepare your patients for the treatment? Of course, you may talk to a patient But Simulator is the perfect tool to prepare a patient for treatment and in my department There is a an ingenious radiation technologies who introduce so-called introductory simulation for some patients before patient starts His or her treatment He or she okay, I will tell he doesn't matter Just to make it short. Okay He comes to the simulator He's placed several times on the simulator. So the radiation technologies Place him on the table of the of the simulator take an image or images he Go out of this of the table. He they just put him again On the table they take images and then compare these images and if they see that images are very similar Each one of these images are very each one to each other. Okay Then they are sure that the position they found is right for that patient is reproducible, of course, I know that's not always it's possible because time is limited There is no stuff to make it but it's remember that it's for at least for some patients. It's a very Good procedure to prepare a patient for your treatment. Okay So this is digitally reconstructed image how we get it. We just calculated the attenuation of of the Radiation across a patient and in that way we create an image and that image should be used as a reference one So of course we we you may see the difference in quality between images This is digitally reconstructed radiograph and this is Simulator image if you want to have a very good digitally reconstructed radiograph you should take your city Cross sections every let's say two millimeters Then your your DRR will be really a very good one Okay Bow should be very narrow, you know, so two millimeters step and two millimeter reconstruction Yeah, yeah, but the problem is that if you send so many images to your doctors They don't like it very much because they have to draw so many contours so in our hospital, we Have a procedure that we make every two millimeters. We reconstruct Because that's Helico city. So that depends on how you reconstruct your images. So we reconstruct them to Every two millimeters, but we have another set of images every let's say three or four millimeters depending on the case, but Please be very careful with that because it's very easy to make a mistake Because your DRR's are Added to your plan manual So it's very easy to miss the set of city data and we had such a situation So now there is a discussion in our department. Maybe we should come back to the First idea to have exactly the same step and same Well, the same set of images should be used for the preparation of digitally reconstructed regular graphs and for drawing Contours just our problem not your problem Well, I'm just mentioning about that because I think it's it's practical issue okay, so we get portal images and You know that image But yesterday I made a mistake and I because I Didn't use the power point presentation. I use PDF file and I wanted to ask you what's that? Yes, then you've seen that zebras. Yes, but it's not easy to understand yet so well Just to show you how important are Contour sorry for that. That was my mistake. So Okay, so eventually we we got that information we have the well The vector which describes the error we made Placing a patient the setup error. Okay, and of course we may also have the angle of Rotation and again for angle of rotation if you see the angle of rotation error You cannot do anything. There are some very spatial tables that can also rotate But to be honest, I don't like it because try to put your patient on the table which is Stilted then immediately patient is trying to To come back to the previous position So I think there is no other way to correct his or her position his position Just placing him again on the table that's tedious, but anyway, you cannot do any anything different from that and Now correction strategies and that's the very important part of my talk How to correct because you collect the data you make your profile images You look at them and say it's good. It's bad and so on But you should use the data if you Don't use the data. It's just for nothing. You work so hard and there is no advantage of your work Okay, so what to do with the data? So let's remember that we try to explain our space in terms of systematic and random errors Quantitatively, what doesn't mean systematic and random errors? Let's imagine you you make the portal control every day during the treatment. So there were 25 fractions and you got Results each Diamond describes your error. So the first day at AP direction your error was close to two millimeters on fourth, you know, it's Doesn't matter fourth fraction your error was four millimeter and so on. What is systematic error? Systematic error is just the mean value of all of all these Values, okay, but you may ask well systematic error is known After completion of the treatment, that's right And that's worthless because if we know what happened It's nice to know that but it would be much better to know what Will happen? Okay Okay, we come back to that problem and the second one standard deviation is just random errors So every day we we have small difference between actual position and the mean position and if we calculate the standard deviation that describes the Random error, okay Let's imagine that we have several patients patient number one number two number three but what What are these patients? About whom I'm talking about Well It's should be the homogeneous group of patients. What doesn't be homogeneous group of a patient Treated in the same location with the same technique with the same immobilization devices and not very thin very thick or I don't know might be having some problems with spine or well Different factors that can really influence on the position of of him. Okay You should collect such a data in homogeneous groups. So we have three patients. You have three Systematic errors and you have three The random errors, okay Well at one image you have two Directions, so we have information along two perpendicular Exes so we can present that in in that form So here you have the systematic error for the num for the pink patient For the for the red one. That's the vector describing the systematic error and so on and of course the You may have many of of such patients and now mathematics first of all if You have such a group of patients homogeneous group of patients Then let's say 20 patients. So you have 20 systematic errors for your patients What would be the value of? mean over the means Zero why? But what is the reason they are canceling each other? Yeah But always we will have zero when we Don't have zero because it may happen. It's not you Okay, let's imagine. What's right now the time on your watch on my 1028 We have a very good what is so, you know, but okay, let's imagine you that you receive all your watches from One shop and in that shop There is a mistake there is an error they thought that it's ten, but it's really it's nine forty five Okay, nine forty five So the average value is not ten It's nine. It's close to nine forty five Because there is in that system there is systematic error and it can be that there is a systematic error in your whole chain for example your laser system at One accelerator is different from the another accelerator one accelerator really is well matched to the iso center But on the other accelerator is moved. Let's say three millimeters down So if you treat the patient one at the first accelerator everything is right, but if you treat them on the second accelerator Because there is a difference between city simulator or between simulator and accelerator Your systematic error will be would be three million meters So that's the most important information you get from your Portal control Collect the data for homogeneous group of patients Calculate the mean error for each of these patients and later on calculate the mean over means okay, and That value should be very close to Zero you may use statistical tests to answer the question it's It's the reason to say that it's no zero or it is zero, okay Again, that's that's really very important in our department. We have a problem We found location which is the breast location and we see the systematic group systematic error of about two to three millimeters and We fight against that problem for several years and this year we probably found the reason for that professor Hartman told you that The what now gating is used in radiotherapy But gating is not the good solution for lung patients Because they they have some problems with briefing But it's not only the case if we think about lung patients. We noticed that When the patient is placed on the table a lady And it briefs very smoothly When the table starts Just to make city examination suddenly She changes her briefing It's Longer and less deeper But dead data are used for planning but later on when she's irradiated At the accelerator the table doesn't move So it's it briefs exactly in the same way so it's very likely that when we Take the SSD from that position is different from the SSD we got from From the treatment limbic system Can you imagine two to three millimeters different we found in that way But just because we compare our data the mean data collected for portal control and for Well what we wanted to have okay our our our aim so remember that's they're very important collect the data and analyze them And very quickly because I see that my time is Coming to the end well This is also important value why I will tell you later on distribution of systematic errors So it's now it becomes more complicated. So you have homogeneous group You have systematic error for each individual patient So it's the mean value. Okay now you calculate the mean over means That should be close to zero and you calculate the standard deviation of these means and that is the Distribution of systematic errors and that's important because that value you will use to calculate the margin okay and Random group error, which is just mean value of the standard deviations obtained for each single patient Okay, let's look at that. This is this distribution of systematic error and distribution of Random under or both of them are very close to sorry This is distribution of systematic error Sorry, there is a mistake in that graph. I've never noticed that why it's a mistake Sorry for that Because distribution of systematic error can be can be minus at plus but but random error cannot be Smaller than zero there. Well, something is wrong. You that the story for that It's it's taken from Ben Heimann professor from Rotterdam, but Sorry, I don't want to criticize him because he's very wise name of liking fair match It's here's engineer medical physics is so but might be the description is wrong. So Okay strategies We have online protocols and offline protocols. What is online protocols? measure during Measure and correct in same fraction. So you take pictures you compare them and just correct the position of the patient and It seems that the best way how to correct the position of your patient Yes, but not I don't fully agree with that First of all, if you do that immediately from psychological point of view You stop working At the high level Because if you know that you can't correct Your error Well, your word become not very at very good Made with a very good very good quality And of course, it's a big effort to make everyday images to compare into irradiated patients You make your treatment longer that also deteriorates your treatment because as the longer patient Least on on the table Of course, there is a higher chance to to to misalignment between what you want and what you get, okay? so I think that offline protocols are very good and The protocol I'm I'm going to talk is no action level protocol, which is in my opinion the best protocol you can use so online Well, I just keep that slide because it's That's the online corrections. So you get image you find the discrepancy That's the question the organization of the department We're in my department in my department online correction is done by by radiation technologies and offline corrections are also made by radiation Technologists because we have ingenious group of radiation Technologies, however, they cooperate very strongly. Let's say with me I'm responsible for For all these procedures. So there is the man I mentioned about Is that man and he's really responsible for that and we prepare together all these protocols and This group is responsible for that and I can tell you that in just looking at images and to matching they're much better than me So they have big experience With that but that depends on the organization a Certainly online corrections should be made by by radiation technologies because it's difficult to to have Physicists all the time at accelerator and to have doctors all the time At the accelerator and it's not needed. I think it's not very complicated. That's if you train them well Then yeah, that's possible to do for for them. I Can imagine there is some politics behind that question, but anyway Okay, so that's the online correction Well, whatever images you use for that you can you can apply online correction and No action level the protocol so fraction first second and third Set up a patient according to protocol Make a portal control and before fourth fraction calculate the systematic error. Well, I should well Before I I Show you that slide I should make another comment. I Told you that we know the systematic error after completion of the treatment and that's right but If we assume That errors have normal distribution Okay Women estimate very quickly. Let's say the mean error. What is the best estimate of the? Mean value if the dose distribution is normal is the mean over a several Measurements, okay, you do it every day if you measure those rate you output factor you measure several times and you represent your output factors with demand value of these for Measurements, but of course you may make them a lot many of them But you think that if you if the that's the normal distribution and it's not very wide You may use you may take only a few measurements to To estimate the the mean value and that's exactly the same So we take four portal. We make four three portal controls We calculate the mean value and we say this is our estimate of the systematic error, okay So before for fraction we calculate the systematic error from for fraction on Set up a patient according to protocol. It should be protocol shift couch with the vector Okay, it's minus All these value and irradiate and that's very simple and very efficient Protocol how to make your treatment very reproducible. Okay I Waited for that question Well, that's the original no action level protocol proposed by Rotterdam group What we do in our department? We have so-called action levels so if the difference between the actual position and The position we wanted to have is smaller than let's say for the head and neck two millimeters We just leave a patient on the table, but it is three millimeters four millimeters. We shift the table during the first second and third Fraction but again our protocol is more complicated if that difference is larger than four millimeter. We stop the treatment We try to find the reason for that that we got such big in head and neck of course In pelvis we have different for example for gun gynecological Treatment these action levels are if I remember well, it's it's four eight and twelve millimeters so That makes the procedure more complicated, but it's we follow that that procedure but original No action level protocol is as I told you. Okay, so that's that's very simple after Third fraction we calculate the mean value, which is estimate of the systematic error and later on when we got result we move We shift the table of that value. Okay so the blue one is how the patient will be Irradiated and as you see the final Systematic error is very small one. Of course. There is always some residual error because That's that's clear from physics from mathematics at some residual error left Which is of that of that range sigma divided by number of Images number of results you've got to calculate the systematic error. Okay So this is what you get Without correction without protocol and what is You get with with the protocol so it's much much better and you may see it here Residual after no action level protocol if it's applied Displacements for different Locations see that for example in prostate the residual error is Very close to one millimeter. I even cannot imagine that we can irradiate our patient with such a precision That the residual error is of the range of one two millimeters. It's very precise Treatment. Okay, that I commented already. So I'm not going to talk about to talk about that So remember there's some errors in those the delivery are Inevitable so you cannot you know, you're never life is perfect. So You will make some errors and Sometimes it happens How to ensure that full prescribed dose will be delivered by adding margins margins, you know the margin between CTV and And PTV. Okay, think our target volume and planning target target volume how to calculate We will we have two type of margins setup margin internal margin setup margin is just to compensate setup errors and Internal my dreams to compensate movement of the target caused by physiology. That's much complicated problem. Yeah, okay. I'm Finishing so you calculate the systematic error random error and We have two formulas to to add margins. The first one is is Proposed by Marcel van Herk and the second one proposed by Strom They are a bit different Wow, there is a mistake here. Sorry. It's That is Marcel van Herk Formula and that is strong formula. Sorry for that I don't know how it happened, but I I recognize that I change it in my presentation. So Okay, and Now just Well, the last very important message to you The data must be collected and Regularly analyzed It's never ending story. You should all the time collect the data of portal control and you should analyze that And big errors must be analyzed as quickly as possible a conclusion must be drawn Don't leave it and don't leave it to radiation technologies. You have to do that You are able to analyze the data. Okay group systematic errors. I I I already talked about that and thank you very much


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All right. How are you guys? Thanks for joining me. This is a pretty monumental day for me. I, nine years ago, started a podcast. I broke on the list of dream guests and you guys were at the top. And here we are nine years later. Good to be here, Dean. Good to be here, my son. It's funny because I'm a huge ACDC fan. I could see the headline. ACDC does massive fans podcasts.  I think it is. Yeah. For me, yes. Oh, this is, I've never, I've never seen a podcast. So you've come up with a podcast. I think it was in that movie, what was the night of the, what was the night of the, you know, the one where they all become P-pods or something. What was that? The night of the visit as from Mars with two chicks or something. Another one, you mean either come with a P-podge. Yeah. And I was screamed. I got something to show you guys. A couple of things. Angus, can you see me? You got a screen there? You got a great logo behind you. It looks fantastic. Okay. Here's something cool I want to show you guys. I want to show you two things just to let you know where I'm coming from. And I took the logo off just for a minute. This is a 1978. And this is the first time I saw ACDC, Oakland call a CM power age tour. Oh wow, that's really, that's something. That looks really cool. Yeah. And the bill was cheap trick, ACDC, Journey Boys to Colt Ted Nugent. Good, that's a good bill. That's a good bill. And those are the same things I listened to this day. Now Brian, you're going to love this one. This is the three of us, 1985, flying the wall, Cal Palace backstage. Oh, that is great, me son. Look at that. Now that is Brian with the Heineken and he's wearing a Statue of Liberty shirt given the middle finger. And Angus looks super happy to take the photo. I'm brilliant on this one. I got to tell you something about that, that it was what I would say exact to skydive. And they said, hey, the guys will take a quick photo with you, hurry up. And I went in there and it was like skydive. And I had skydive before and it was just a burst of adrenaline. And I don't even remember. You guys are like, all right, mate, have a good one. And I was like, what happened? And I got home and I had the photo. I call the podcast, Let There Be Talk, but I think in the honor of Brian being here, it's going to be for those about to talk today. There we go. Oh, thank you. It's an honor to have you guys on here. I want to dig in a little bit on a course, a long career that you've had and it's been incredible, the whole ride. I want to talk a little bit about when you guys first got together, the audition back, Brian, when you joined the band. I was wondering what was, I read recently that you were going and you did a vacuum commercial, picked up a little money and then went to do the audition.  Yes. Yes, it was on the way. I didn't have that much money, you see. When I was asked to go down, this guy had formed and just, I've never done an advert before, just an old guy from the past. And he said, if you come down, and pay you some money, I think it was 35 quid or something. And I said, oh, that should pay for the gas. Down the road and then back.  Well, I wasn't very far to a place called Vanilla Studios. Is that right, Angus? Vanilla? Yeah, you're probably right. Something like Victoria's Park and lifestyle. Yeah, and anyway, I got there and I looked in and it looked the business, you know, guys with hair and beards and, you know, jeans and with holes in and everything. I said, this must be the place. And there were all playing pool downstairs. They were all playing pool. And the cut of my jib, you know, I wasn't dressed like anything except where I was at work and Joe from up north, I started playing pool with him and it wasn't until the tour manager, a guy called Ian Jeffries, come down and said, has anybody seen that Jordy fella from Newcastle with it? And I said, oh, that's me. He said, they've been waiting for you for an hour upstairs. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Angus, at what point in this audition, I always wondered this, how many guys had you looked at? And obviously you made the incredible, perfect choice, but were there other guys that came in? Was it a long audition process? Like, did that guy from Crocus ever come in?  No, we never got that guy. There was just various people. A lot of people, you know, somebody might recommend somebody.     And see how it would go. And, yeah, there was quite a few different people, you know? But I guess it was a case of, you know, who stood out, you know? And the funny thing is, is when he walked through the door, he's, Brian stood out, just the way he walked.   And then he, you know, he said, hello, how are you?  He wanted coffee or something, you know?  Do you know any songs by us? And I think he said, yeah, I know. He knew Rosie because, yeah, he'd been picking with a band and, you know, and they did a couple of songs and they did Rosie and, and I think, did you know, I think it was highway to hell he knew, too, I think. Yeah. Yeah.   And off he went, you know, he, here he was and we were banging away on that tune.  And he did a great job, you know, we asked, if we, you know, asked if we just put it on a tape, you know, it says we had something, you know?  And I think he had a beer or two with Mao, you know? Yeah, we did. And he was going back up north, you know?    And then it was again, you know, me and Mao sat there and, you know, I think we tried, you know, we were jamming on one of our, what a couple of ideas that we were going to put down an album. And again, you know, he's in tapes to see how it was. And we just said, you know, just scatter away, just do whatever comes in your head, if you think.  Did he, you know, and he was giving info what he knew at the time. And then, you know, and he was back and Mao said, well, we'll definitely let you know as soon as we, you know, what we're gonna do. We'll get in contact with him. Anyhow, after he left, me and Mao were playing away.   And I said, what about if we took that piece and we'd not used it before and we try and hook that into that song, you know, for a good singing thing. And I'll give you the singing line for help with Mao. And he said, well, let's hear what you got, right? So we put that little chord idea together and it was working, Mao would seem happy. And then he says, right, do your little singing and what you hear. And I was doing the, you know, well, the back and black, you know, ah, ha, ha, and I, and then after it, and as soon as I, it's kind of went, ah, ha, ha, ha, and then going up the scale.  I said, you know, he could really hit those notes. And he looked at me and he went, I said, because that's, you know, you could hear it in his registers and what we had done. And I said, and he's got that edge on his voice.  And I said, and mutt, actually, mutt Lang had also heard what we had. And mutt also knew another producer guy who had said about Brian's voice, you know? And he said, oh yeah, Brian's got that, that breezing thing down pat. He's got it very natural, you know? And mutt liked that, you know? We would sing it, you know, in vocalist.  And Malcolm went, yeah, yeah, yeah. And he said, leave it with me. And he got a hold of it for me. And he said, yeah, you know, hey, you know? Well, how would you like to come and join us then, you know? Talk to Brian. Wow. So that's really how it would come to be, you know? Yeah, that's great, because I haven't obviously heard that sadist story and it was fascinating. It's fascinating because I remember the phone call on this from Malcolm and it was my dad's birthday up in Newcastle, you know? And I had bought me dad a bottle of whiskey for his birthday present and I went home to my mom and dad's and there wasn't anybody there. Yeah, and I went, oh, flippin' heck. It was about two in the afternoon or something, 2.30. And I went, oh, well, I said, I'll just leave it here. And then the phone rang because Malcolm had my mom's dad's number. And that was the phone call. And I said to him, I remember saying, hang on, are you sure this is not a hoax? He says, no. I said, well, could you ring us back in 10 minutes just to make sure that I'm not dreaming this, you know? And he did, God bless him. And he went, no. He says, you fancy coming to the Bahamas, we're making a record and all of this. And I said, well, yeah, yes, he said, I'll get your people to get in touch with you. Okay, he said, I'm off to watch the Grand National on the telly, which is a horse race, you know? And I put the phone down and I looked and I was going, there's nobody here. So I opened my father's, Chris, my father's birthday present and I had a glass of whiskey left to celebrate. There wasn't anybody there to tell it was strange, you know? I got a question for you, Brian. When you go in to work on this stuff, your, of course, your style's a little different in Geordi. How did you try a different, a few different styles while you guys were working on the stuff in Bahamas? Were you stepping up to the mic going, how's this kind of character? Is this voice, because it is a little more radical and more violent than, say, a Geordi record? Well, I think that was down to a lot longer and malignizing, recognizing that I could do a bit more than I thought I could do. You know, I was always constrained by the songs I'd sung before. You know, it was just what you did and it was, I could get up there, but maybe it sounded a little too sweet, maybe, you may be. And I think Mot Langer, whose brilliant vocal thing, you know, but he doesn't take any prisoners when it comes to that.  And so he'd ask as he'd say, could you get up there full voice? And I'd go, well, jeez, I give it a try. It's awful high, isn't it? And he'd say, just try it. Of course, I did, and it even shocked me that I could do that without pulling any tricks on the desk to make it because I knew one day you got to sing it. Oh, my God.  And so, yes, I think through that album, it taught me that, it taught me a lot.  I didn't know I could do that, you know. I mean, it's crazy, but it's true. You've got to be pushed sometimes. You've got to be pushed, right? To show what you can do.    Yeah. So as when we got to the Bahamas, we could get straight in, get the sounds and start work.  And so, you know, it was a case of that, you know. So, you know, we were pretty, we were kind of like, we had that pretty much together. And then it was a case of, you know, getting the rest, you know, getting lyric and stuff, making sure that when we got to the Bahamas, it was a case of, you know, the band could get upset, get set up, not upset, but get set up. And then meanwhile, what that's going on, you know, we could get together, get Brian and, you know, get the lyric, things all going.  And then when we got there, you know, we had a lightning storm and all the power went out for three days. Wow. Welcome to the Bahamas. You know, I hit, say this one as well, you know, some fantastic stuff happened. I remember, I guess, you and Mal weren't happy with the guitar sounds, you know, the amps and all, the speakers. And I remember saying something amazing, because they were trying to figure it. And somehow you and Malcolm said, hang on, why don't we turn the speaker up against the wall? Now, I don't know what exactly, but I remember saying it. And I remember it working, this great sound. You know, it was, I can't remember exact technical details, but it was little things like that. That's sticking my mind about that album. And Malanga being real pleased that they got this fantastic sound.  Can you remember that, Ang? Because when he first set up and we got the sound roll and we were doing the song back and forth. Yeah, yeah.  It sounded a little bit too, Ha, ha, ha, that wasn't it.  And so, you know, it was a case of, okay, let's get what we, you know, get at the AC-DC sound. And Mutt was always cool like that. He goes, well, use, use, no, just sound, you know, because use, use guys, you know, that's what he ever heard as on stage. He goes, I, you know, I hear it, I know it. He goes, and Mutt was always good, you know. So Mal said, maybe if we try the, they blocked off one of his like the stacks. And he did the same with mine. He put them in a different spot. And then he got his in, you know, with the guitars, make sure that, you know, it was getting the sound that we knew. And then after that, it was a case of, you know, we were ready to go. Everyone get the drum, they're all tuned in, and then get, you know, get started and lay that track down. So that was the first track we laid down, you know. Wow, back in black, the first song. Unreal, unreal. It was the track that set the pace to the album, you know. And once we knew that, because we knew that was, you know, even before we went, when Mal got that idea, you know, it was one of those things that you hear it and you go, and I set them out. That's first track that we get, you know, because that set the pace. And then we, that we did after those songs like Shoot the Frill and all that, had to stand up to that track for me and him. Any song we put together, you know, that was the, what was the thing? And that's as we went along. And then that did set the pattern of that whole album. It set the pace, you know. Guys, when you guys were in the studio and you're working on Back in Black, is it a lyrical collaboration or all you guys writing the lyrics or how was that working, Brian? Well, at the time, it was, you know, Malcolm and Angus always had title and basic idea about what the song should be about and, you know, and how it should go and all of that. And so, you know, Malcolm and I, I think it was, Malcolm used to come down with a cassette in the afternoon to me and just gonna, each one I listened to, this one's called Shook Me All Night Long, you know.   And it worked great. I remember once, I was about a fifth song in, I think it was Hell's Bells, I'm not sure, but I remember, you know, because it had been a frenzy of writing and all that. It was real work, work, work, you know.  It was getting horrible outside. Mud come down, he says, you all right? I said, I think my brains turned to mush. I said, I can't even think of a thing. I said, and the lads have got this song called Hell's Bells, you know. And I went, whoa, I said, and just then, honestly, for the first time, the first four lines of that is basically a weather report. I guess, you know, Weston and that big storm came through. And I was looking, I'm going, hell's bells. And Mud came down and he said, oh, it's all right, just relax, it'll come in.  And he says, I said, Mud's gone, that's Roland Funder, that is. And then the rain came down and then the lightning and all of this. And that just all made sense, you know. And that turned out to be a crack at that one, you know. Oh my God, to say the least, it's one of the most incredible ACDC songs of all time. And an album opening smasher. I mean, just to see, I was at the back and black tour at the Cal Palace. And, you know, this is pre-internet. This is pre-cell phones. This is pre-YouTube. Well, here we are. We're in the room. The lights go out. Nantucket's done playing. Here comes ACDC. The bell comes down, the riff comes in and the vocal comes out of the speakers and it is insane. I never forgot it to this day. Like one of the most incredible performance, vocal performances I've ever heard. T.S.B, who was it? Here's something amazing about back in black is this record is so unbelievable and everything that happened, the songwriting, the production, Muck Lang, the vocals, all of that. But then the record company seemed to really step it up for you guys. And this is like really next level stuff that they were doing because who knew? I mean, here's a new singer that's never been done before and now they're promoting the hell out of this record. They're going for it, man. They must have known this is a smasher. Yeah, well, we were pretty lucky at that time. At first it is, it's a hard thing to do because as you say, it's the record companies are, they've also got a business side to them. So a lot of them kind of go, well, is this really going to happen? How many bands can do that? But I think it's when they heard the quality of the album, they heard the song and everything. I think that really put the seal on it when they said, listen to the vocal and everything and what they've done. And I guess their feedback from people within their going, it's a crack and album. And so I think they got excited about it. And that's, I think half the thing that helped push it along. So it was good in that sense.  So it was our tribute to bomb. So that was, because they also went, people go, why did you get people going? Why did they want to have a morning? Because black being the morning, what you do for funeral or something. Why did they want that? But that was our way.  And as Malcolm said, and it was also a thing of, what does the cover really mean? It's what's inside really matters, you know? So the whole project, it was really good when they got it and they said, okay, we're gonna give it a best, good shove. And we were lucky also too because a lot of radio guys out there, they would hear it and a lot of syndicated radio were going. If I put, when I put these guys on radio, all the phones light up. That's how much, a lot of people were plugged into that album. So it was just that initial strong feedback. I think they said, well, we gotta push this. It's unreal. It's unreal.  I can also tell you too, we were touring on that album. We had to tour this and we were playing, you know, all over the U.S. doing a lot of dates. And for us as a band, really, after we had finished touring and then we had stopped touring. And I remember being at home and, you know, the next, it was really the next year. Out of that, you know, we were getting ready. We were gonna have to be performing in Australia here. And I remember our tour manager, he was there early and I remember talking to him and he said to us at the time, he said, do you know?  And I said, well, that's a lot of albums.  I really thought, great. And he said, no. He said, well, you don't understand Angus. He said, that's just in LA alone. That's in LA alone. He said, that's not the rest of the country. That's in LA. He said, imagine what's coming in the rest of the country. No, I'm insane. I couldn't believe it, you know? No. I mean, this thing is, it's an animal. I mean, I mean, I know you have a new record out, but I cannot ignore the second biggest record of all time. This thing is, it's unreal. It is incredible what you guys have created. I gotta remember too, it's a rock album. It's a hard rock album.  And David Krebs said, he'd always said to me, any rock band will only sell X amount of, you know, a couple of million records tops, you know? That's all they do.  And he was shocked, you know, that we went above those numbers. Well, yeah, at the time you'd think there's probably only like two million rock fans or something. And for a record to be really huge, let's say like the Eagles greatest hits or the Michael Jackson thriller, that's kind of like all kinds of people listen to that type of music where rock is a category. This is the group of people, but this thing, it grabbed everyone. Yeah.  Let me ask you this, Brian, now you're out on tour, ACDC of course, was used to non-stop touring all the way up to highway to hell. They've just worked their asses off. And now you're out there and you've got to sing have a drink on me and hell's bells and shoot the thrill that are at the complete highest ever. At what point, you're doing a ton of dates.   You know, it was, you know, it was very doble. It certainly took it out here because there's not much breathing space in there. But you know what, when you're rocking with a band and all of that and, you know, and the great thing is with a record, I'd always, you know, as a matter of habit before I did gig, I'd play the album to make sure that I wasn't wondering, you know, you get lazy and you're wonder from the original things and that I was put it on and make sure that I was on the money with the things.    And one of the things that, one of the most exciting nights of my life, I was sitting with, I think, Mal and Cliff, I think we were playing cards. I can't remember in a hotel room and we're just heard, hi, this is Wolfman Jack, and I'm going to play something now that's going to change your life. ACDC back in black, coming from Wolfman Jack. I never forget it.    It was this missile of a record that came out and just, you know, it was just inexplicable really apart from the great songs. I mean, that's easy to figure that one out. But why those particular 10 songs at that particular time? Yeah, that's the big, you know. And the sequence. I can't figure it out. I mean, those are things you don't try to figure out. You just go, oh, the magic was here. And it was 100% chemistry and lightning in a bottle. Let's get into a little bit about the next record here, which I think is another masterpiece. And I think for those about to rock is, it's an unbelievable record. It's a totally different record. And I could say it was probably my favorite out of the Brian era. I know that I read quite a bit that you guys went and did it, I guess in Paris in a warehouse or something and Malcolm wasn't very happy with Mutt taking a long, long time. Mutt had started to change his production style of really going long. Am I correct? It was a case of, you know, we had started originally. We were in Paris in France.  But when Mutt, when we got there, there was a lot of thing Mutt really was searching.  He really wanted this, you know, something that brought life to the drums naturally that had gave a good ambience. So we were there in one studio and we tried and it wasn't really coming. It was the sound that he wanted, you know, and he tried various setups, different setup. And he still, and he tried different approaches.   And he thought, well, yeah, I'm gonna go check out a few other studios, you know. And so he went around various other ones and he would try different setups with the drums. And then he would get Malcolm and myself and go, you know, come and have a listen. And then, you know, we'd be in one way, and then we still, he goes, yeah, this is better, but it's not what I'm hearing. And he said, you know what? Because we had been in this big rehearsal room where we'd been doing pre-production with him. And he said, you know, in there, we were getting this really great live drum sound, natural sound. And he said, what about if we do this? We get, you know, we get that stone's mobile, the mobile bus thing that they had, which was a recording studio on wheels. We'll get that here. And then we'll just set up in that big warehouse. So that was where we ended up setting up. And he thought, great, because he could put the drums, you know, where he thought the drums were happening the best. He could, you know, with the guitars, he could do ended and because it was that much space, you know, he could put the guitars anywhere, where it was going to come to life, you know. He even had his even set up, you know, how we would live, you know, like with the amps and that just to see if that was even going to be something unique. So he tried different setups. Then once he was happy with what, you know, with what he was hearing, it was a case of, okay, you know, get bound to the fact of start recording the song. But it was, it was, that took a little while, you know, moving back and round and trying to find it. And so that was really what was kind of delaying it a bit.  So, you know, it would take a lot longer in that part. So that was becoming a little bit, you know, with us, I guess, you know, what we didn't want was the band getting burned out where we keep playing the same song until it becomes sort of too tired. You didn't want to lose the energy of it. And that was what, and you didn't want fatigues to set in.   Okay, I got it. Yeah. Brian, I think that this record you really shine again on it. The amazing thing about AC DC, I've always said, is a lot like the Rolling Stones. You have so many songs that have never been played live.  And a couple of them, boy, like Spellbound, I think is one of the great, great, great AC DC songs. I love that song. It's one of the most fabulous problems you can have. You know, having too many songs, you know. It's usually that we're wrong for a lot of bands, you know. It's unanswerable.  So, or whatever. And there's just no room to fit them in, unless you did a week and you had five different sets. But yeah, it would be pretty tough. I get it. I do an AC DC tribute once a year with a lot of rock stars in LA and comedians, Bill Burr and Mark Marin. And we do this big AC DC tribute. And we, you know, this year I was like, well, we got to do Soul Stripper.  I get it, I get it, I understand it. If you think of it, I remember, look, when we were back in black, I think one of the, I remember we were going to Detroit in Detroit, but they even on that back in the day. Oh no, no, sorry. When we were coming to do, after we were coming to do, when we were touring for those about the rock. I remember the opening night, we were on stage playing for nearly three, three and three-quarter hour. Look, Brian's up there on vocal. That is a strain for anyone going what he was doing. And we're going for all the hard ones, you know. We come off stage, we say, God, we've only been on three and a half minutes. People are going, you've been on three hours, 45, you know, 45 minutes to that, you know. When you put together the set list, was there any songs that you wouldn't touch, Brian, or Angus that you didn't want to do that was like a bond era? Like I noticed that Livewire went away, of course. That was always a great opener. Brian will tell you every song we ever done, back in black included for those about the rock in there. We went through, in rehearsals, we did all those tracks. We were prepared for any of those tracks to come up and play.  And you were saying before like Stones, you know. Well, if I went to see the Stones, I've got a recess. And I go, I want to hear the Stones do, honky-tonk, I want to hear them do jump and jackpot. I want to hear Street Fight, man. I want them to play all my favorites. You see what I mean? And that's what happens with us. We have all those tracks. And we don't, we go out, then we go. We know these are big songs that we got, we got to play. And then on that, we got to go, okay, maybe we can color it up a bit and bring in something a little bit different. This is where it ends up. How long can we sustain it on stage? We never wanted to get on and go, you know, these guys are, you know, getting up there and we're not peaking. For us, it's a band. That was always our thing. We always went, we always went to the, we wanted to go on it. These strengths is who we wanted to go like that. That's it. I know that Phil is back and he had Simon Wright, he had Chris Slade. It's funny because Phil is the secret weapon of AC DC. When he gets behind that kit, it's on. You can talk to the greatest drummers on the planet. I've interviewed most of them on this show and all of them will be like, oh yeah, Phil Rudd.  And these are giant top pro guys. Phil is, he has a unique gift. It's a natural thing that he put it this way. When I first time ever Phil got behind the drums and played, I said to him now, when that guy starts driving, when he starts driving and you're doing a guitar solo, man, I've got to play harder. I have to lift the game. I have to really build into it again because I ain't going to be heard once he starts crackin' that. He's got a unique drive. And he just seems to have a natural thing. He says he looks at my little legs going and he goes, I know what you're going to do. He is unreal. He's the secret sauce. Yeah, he's got, you know, he said to me, young Dean, once he said, ah, John, ah, ah, ah, ah, he said that. He said you gotta watch out for them dental dramas. And I said, what's a dental drama? He said, ah, you know, the kind, they see how they'll fill it. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha.  He, you know, I don't know what it is. He hits the beat. You think he's going to fall off the stool before it just hits it right where it's supposed to swing. You know, a rule, whatever you want to call it. He's fucking, it's just natural. And it gets you every time, you know. You know, he's great. And we love him. He's fit, he's healthy.  And I mean, it is that. It's just that he's so natural. Let's talk a little bit about, of course, you guys, you've been doing this all your life and I've had a lot of, a lot of guys on. I had Paul Stanley on and recently, and he was talking about two hip replacements and stuff like that. I watched you angus my entire life since 1978, jumping from three stacks of marshals, landing on your knees, full tilt, head bobbing the entire time. I mean, doing, doing the circle on it. What is your body like right now at your age? Have you had any surgeries or anything? No, none whatsoever, you know. I mean, I'd be on stage. I might do the odd bruise and ankle, you know, do the damage to my, I used to use, lose a lot of my nails on my feet. They used to go first, you know, because I don't know the wear and tear. They would, I was guaranteed every tour.  So that was always expect, but I've been pretty, pretty lucky.   Woo-wee! You would get it. They'd go, I could always tell when we got the B-stage because, you know, I can guarantee my feet we're gonna go through them. Yeah, I'm lucky, I've been pretty lucky, you know.  That lasted, I got on stage, I did. That lasted all of a second. That came off in the first thing and I still had to play with the fraction finger, so I was pretty, I got through that, you know. How about you, Brian? How are you doing? Yeah, well, you know, I've been lucky. I've never spent a night in hospital.  And, you know, it's apart from, you know, the obvious was when my ears went and all that, but that's invisible, so thank God for that. But other than that, honestly, I've been lucky as Angus, you know, we should have been hurt, me and Angus many times, you know, with wandering camera men and booms and, you know, and big black holes in front of you and stuff like that, but we're always very lucky. I know you don't want to get really into the hearing thing and stuff like that, but I'm so happy that you're back singing in this band and it gives me goosebumps. I'll tell you guys a funny story. I heard the record back in March. I was called down to Sony. They said, yeah, who do you know then? Nobody had heard the record. And they said, we want to get ACDC on the podcast. We know you're a monster fan and we know you've been doing this nine years and it's your dream guest. We want to do this. Come down. So I signed an NDA, a secret clause. It's just me in a room, no one in there. I bought all the water, they turned it on and I was losing my mind. And then for the next seven months, I had to walk around like I didn't know anything. I joined the club. I know, right? I joined the club, it was awful. They give me a non-disclosure all the time. Here you go. Oh, dear me, we'd be walking around for months and going, so man, what's happening, man? I hear the, you know, there's photographs on the thing, man. And like, you know, come on, you can tell me. I don't know what you're talking about.  Well, you know what was funny was like about a month ago, I was like, well, you know, COVID, maybe it's, maybe it's not coming out now.  I'll just go on and do a whole episode about how I heard this. And I said, eh, better wait a little while. I don't want to blow this. And a week later they called me and said, all right, it's on, and so don't talk about it, it's going to happen.   I remember I rode the bus for an hour, went to Tower Records, got that back in black and got home. This was the same. I drove across the LA in traffic, parked, went upstairs, sat down and they go, are you ready? And I go, oh, absolutely. And they go, do you just want to hear a couple songs? They go, what, are you out of your mind? You know? So they kicked it on. And realized, came down, and I was like, wow, this is killer. But by the time we get to the crown jewel of this record, Demon Fire, I'm like, Demon Fire and Witch's Spell, I'm like, oh, oh, here is some serious rockin' going on right here. I mean, what a couple tunes back to back right there. When I first heard it, just like you did, I think I sent off a communique here to Angus. And I said, hey, mate.  He said, but all I got to say is that I'm happy I'm not the guy that's got to pick a single from this, because I am confused.  Let's talk about Through the Mist of Time. And that's got to be the most different song AC-DC has ever done. Is this, did Brendan have a hand in this? Because it does kind of have a, it's almost kind of an Americana Springsteen kind of vibe. This is totally different for AC-DC. Yeah, well, somebody else has got me. It's like a stax or something, you know, like from that. The ideas, you know, the song ideas were like with Mal and myself. And it was just at the time, you know, when you're doing something, you know, we would play a track and then you would do something. And when you would play back a few tracks in a row and you would go, something stands out. And when you got a few ideas and you run them past and that one jumped out at you.  So that's how we, you know, it always was the way we work. We always, you would listen to them, but the ones that jumped out, you go, there's a bit of magic there. That's got AC-DC written all over it. So a lot of the ideas and a lot of these songs, they came from, when we were going to do the album Black Eyes, Malcolm and me had a lot of years where the two of us had just been in, you know, a little studio, just working away all the time, just writing songs. And in that period, with so much stuff, you know, when we, even when we went to do Black Eyes, it was a case of, you know, you've got a few boxes of your ideas. And it was a case of, we only got even the box one and we were just pulling out the first stuff that we had of tracks, you know, and we were putting them on. And it was a case of, you know, when we were sitting down with Brendan and Brendan's going, I like that, I like that. And that was just the first CD, I like that.   And I was even saying to Mal, hey, you know, we were all in here, should we just continue and do some more?  We, you know, if we got a good idea, we're going to use it, you know. Basically, that's really what I had when I went, you know, I had to go through all of this material. And, you know, and for me, it, I mean, going through, it's a lot easier task, as I said, because of that time, you know, we had marked out all what were the ACDC, the ones that really stood out. So, you know, and I've still got a lot of those ideas, you know, so I'm still not done with all what I had, yeah. Well, there might be another one that you're saying, huh? I, yeah, I'm good, and maybe I don't know how many that I would have. Wow, all right, I know you gotta get out of here. I cannot thank you enough for doing this. It's pretty monumental to me. I mean, you don't understand what your band has done to my life is, it is I have bonded over some of the greatest friends over your music. I have had some of the greatest memories at your concerts, hands down, some of the greatest live rock I've ever seen.  It means so much to me. That's an absolute pleasure and honor, thank you. Brian real quick, I'm a big watch guy, Brian, what are you wearing today? Oh, this is a Graham. Graham, I know Graham out of England, London. Yeah, well, this is for the 1944 D-Day landings of the American from the Second World War. So that's, that's, that's, it's a, it's just, you know, there's a celebrate, well, it's not a celebration, it just, it is for, it's called the overload special, you know, after the overload of operation, a D-Day. So anyway, it's fine, I'm a bit of a history buff. Oh yeah, yeah. Angus, I got one question for you. I know you got an army of SG's. My favorite one is the back in black one with the white pickguard. What SG, if they were all gone, which one would you have to have? It would it be Vintage or is it a newer one? It's a Vintage one, the one that I've always had and been on nearly every album I've ever done is a guitar that now I, you know, because it's been on so many, you know, ACDCs. I just save it for the studio now and I keep it, like, you know, I keep it away, you know, I don't want to be, because over the years, when I used to use it live, you know, it got so many bumps and cracks and, and I got to the point where I just thought, I don't want to damage it anymore.  That's a good sound. But that one is your sound. That's the one, you know. It just, it's just got its own thing to it. And I don't know, I don't know why or nothing, you know, and it's funny, you know, because Malcolm, my brother, was the one that said to me, and when I was younger, he said to me, hang, there's this little shop, not far.  They got a few Les Pauls and whatnot. He said, but they got this great SG in there. And he knew I was looking for one, you know.  When I got to that SG and I played it, went through the other ones, I came back, I played it and it was like, I just went, this one. It, you know, it just, it played so well. I didn't even have to think about it or, you know. And nowadays, it almost does play itself.  I love you guys, man. Thank you so much. Thanks Dean, me son. I could talk to you guys for 20 hours, man.  Never. Thank you guys. Thanks Dean. Congrats on that new record, man. I cannot wait to see you guys out on the stage again. Thank you. Thank you. Bye. Bye bye. See ya.