vement we will also work with them to develop the role of the planning performance coordinator which is intended to support planning authorities and help share good practice and to draw up the criteria and process for initiating an assessment of performance but I do believe that those approaches need some statutory backing and ultimately some sanction to deal with authorities that fail to improve despite all the support and the package of measures introduced by section 26 will provide that positive and supportive framework that was envisaged by the independent panel that Mr Simpson's proposed annual report is anyway a helpful alternative there is general agreement that we need to consider performance in a more rounded way even if we disagree how that should be achieved requiring a report that reduces planning performance to the most basic of numbers will not support that aim and sends entirely the wrong message about what we value in my proposals I have taken on board some of the specific concerns raised about the provisions amendment 268 removes the provision that a person could be subject to criminal proceedings if they do not provide information requested in connection with a performance assessment although this is a standard performance standard provision that exists for example in relation to school inspections that it is not necessary here if an appointed person is not provided with information they need to carry out the assessment that is likely to be mentioned in the report and I think that that is sufficient encouragement I have also accepted the recommendation of the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee that the power to prescribe the functions of the co-ordinator should be subject to affirmative procedure we will come to that in the next group because it is a composite amendment covering a number of regulation making powers turning to Mr Wightman's amendments and fees the Scottish Government has made clear for many years that any increase in fees must be linked with improved performance this is of particular importance when planning authorities COSLA and the RTPI have been asking for us to raise planning fees to enable full cost recovery people are concerned that increased fees do not necessarily go to funding the planning service I don't think that I can commit to increasing planning fees towards full cost recovery without sufficient mechanisms in place to ensure that those fees are reinvested in the service and are leading to improvements and performance while it is for local authorities to decide how their income should be spent robust performance monitoring should ensure that there is appropriate investment to meet agreed performance indicators Mr Wightman's amendments would remove the ability of ministers to reflect the performance of individual authorities and the fees that they are able to charge using the penalty clause would always be a last resort moving it would leave Scottish ministers with few concrete options to use where planning authorities do not make expected improvements moving on to the training of elected members not only was this overwhelmingly supported in our consultation but people expressed surprise that it was not already mandatory ensuring that decisions are made in a consistent manner on solid planning knowledge is an essential part of good performance and essential to maintaining trust in the system I urge members not to discard something that people all across the system want to see Again, I listened to the arguments and I was prepared to bring forward an amendment to remove the power to transfer planning functions to another authority or to ministers where insufficient members have been trained and I've concluded that transferring decisions to another authority would not actually lead to faster decisions and that the reputational risk should members not be able to take decisions should ensure that that issue is resolved swiftly Mr Simpson beat me to lodging that amendment however I've put in the consequential amendment in section 32 The committee also suggested that if compulsory training was to be retained that ministers should also be included Let me put this on the record again I am committed to undertake training I've received training on planning both in my roles as a councillor and as a minister and it feels like at the moment that every day is a training session in planning for me However, as I noted in my response to the committee's stage 1 report to require that in statute raises all kinds of difficulties section 52.3 of the Scotland act provides that the statutory functions of the Scottish ministers shall be exercisable by any member of the Scottish Government This is different from the way planning authorities are constituted If one or more members of a planning authority have not completed the training the authority could substitute members on the planning committee or perhaps even change its quorum As I've said the Scotland act provides that the statutory functions of the Scottish ministers shall be exercisable by any member of the Scottish Government This amendment seeks to alter that position and so to alter the effect of the Scotland act In addition, if the Scottish ministers were to be prohibited from exercising their functions then no junior minister or officials acting on their behalf could do so either I recognise that Mr Whiteman has attempted to unpick this in amendment 312 by providing for an individual Scottish minister to be designated as responsible for planning and placing the requirement for training on them Unfortunately I have to remind him that unpicking the provisions of the Scotland act is outwith the legislative competence of this Parliament It might be possible under Mr Whiteman's amendment to require a junior minister with responsibility for planning to undergo training on members of the Scottish Government but it would be odd to have a junior minister unable to exercise a function that the cabinet secretary could exercise so I'm swerd to support these amendments Finally on amendment 310 this would mean that a member of a planning authority is considered to have fulfilled the specified training requirements when they have not It appears that the member should repeatedly start the training and never complete it or possibly repeatedly fail in any required assessment and start again but still be allowed to undertake planning functions That would completely undermine the point of having a training requirement and I cannot support it To conclude let me say again that our aim is to work collaboratively with planning authorities and other stakeholders to define how performance should be assessed how the planning performance coordinator can support improved performance and what training elected members should have to take part in planning decisions Some members seem to think that I'm fixated on a test around all of this I am not but what I am fixated about is that training aspect I am happy to undergrow that training myself that concerns me not one iota If there was a way within legislation for me to have to do that rather than the unpicking of the Scotland Act which we cannot do I would be happy to do that I believe the statutory framework in this bill as it is will strengthen the collaborative approach and help to demonstrate how serious really serious about improving performance across the board and I ask the committee to keep the provisions as they are Thank you very much Andy, to wind up the press So as I said in the opening of this group I do actually support provisions for putting training on that I was concerned however that reflecting the committee's stage 1 report that were ministers not persuaded that they should be treated equitably then that would not be appropriate I've listened carefully to what the ministers say and obviously these stage 2 debates are conducted within a rather compressed environment that doesn't allow us a great deal of time to reflect on what people have said but I'm prepared to take the minister's comments in good faith that there would be practical difficulties in relationship to the provisions of the Scotland Act to put in place statutory provisions requiring ministers to undergo this training accept that in good faith and therefore will not be moving amendments 311, 312 and 313 I am on the question of performance this relates to Graham Simpson's amendment 17 I I've heard what the minister has said there too I think the provisions in the bill in section 26 profoundly change profoundly change the power relationship between planning authorities and Scottish ministers in a way that's not helpful I don't think I think it undermines the autonomy and the authority of directly elected members who have responsibility for making decisions about planning matters within their area and therefore I'm not persuaded by the minister's arguments against that this is a complicated group of amendments I don't think I've got anything else thank you therefore the question is amendment 326 be agreed to are we all agreed yes I call amendment sorry, therefore amendment 326 agreed to I'm right, okay those in favour of amendment 326 those opposed five two in favour of it I call amendment 264 in the name of the minister I've already debated with amendment 259 minister to me formally the question is that amendment 264 be agreed to are we all agreed I call amendment 265 in the name of the minister already sorry, I thought you said yes my apologies those in favour 264 264 right five those opposed two sorry about that I call amendment 265 in the name of the minister already debated with amendment 259 minister to me formally moved, convener the question is that amendment 265 be agreed to are we all agreed those in favour of amendment 265 five those opposed to I call amendment 327 in the name of Andy Wightman already debated with amendment 326 Andy Wightman to move or not move moved the question is that amendment 327 be agreed to are we all agreed those in favour those opposed five two in favour three two seven I call amendment 328 in the name of Andy Wightman already debated with amendment 326 Andy Wightman to move or not move moved the question is that amendment 328 be agreed to are we all agreed those in favour five those opposed two I call amendment 321 in the name of Monica Lennon already debated with amendment 259 Monica Lennon to move or not move the question is that amendment 321 be agreed to are we all agreed those in favour of amendment 321 five those opposed I call amendment 266 in the name of the minister already debated with amendment 259 minister can move forward the question is that amendment 266 be agreed to are we all agreed 266 agreed to I call amendment 16 in the name of Graham Simpson already debated with amendment 259 Graham Simpson to move or not move not move the question therefore is that section 21 be agreed to are we all agreed agreed I call amendment 333 in the name of Monica Lennon already debated with amendment 314 Monica Lennon to move or not move not move I call amendment 329 in the name of Graham Simpson in a group on its own Graham Simpson to move and speak to amendment 329 on it I would appreciate breveted from liberty because I would like to finish this section very soon convener I'm going to make your day we'll be very brief the amendment was tabled in response to an article that was sent in Scottish Planner where it was argued that authorities issue fixed penalty notices for breaching and enforcement notice and it's then possible to pay the fine and carry on as before now I spoke to the minister about this last week very useful discussion he's pointed out issues which he may well touch on I'm happy at this point to withdraw the amendment on the basis that the minister is aware of the issue and is looking at it I wish I'd used that for every opening in the middle life so much easier thank you Graham I appreciate that anyone in the committee wants to hear all of the reasoning for that convener I'm happy to pass and speaking here to help you considerably Graham Simpson has wishes to withdraw his amendment does any member present object to this amendment being withdrawn thank you that amendment is withdrawn and that the question is that section 22 be agreed to are we all agreed and that brings us to the end of the public session if I could ask are we starting I've got a family thing I need to do my granddaughter sorry can I the minister is officials and all the other MSPs who attended today, day 7 of stage 2 which is the final day will take place on the 14th of November any remaining amendments to the bill should be lodged by 12 noon on Thursday 8 November and that concludes the public part of the meeting


I think this came out in 2018. I don't know if you guys saw my initial Insidious review but to me I consider Insidious one of the best horror movies of all time in my opinion it was near perfect. I had seen Insidious. I had seen Insidious 2. I'm pretty sure I saw Insidious 3 but I think Insidious 3 was where I was really just not really engaged with it. I was kind of just falling out from it. I'd have to go back to see if I liked it but I did think number 2 was very solid and I had never seen The Last Key. So when I was looking back through all these I was actually pretty excited to check it out. This movie is about the paranormal investigator Elise from the very first movie. Although I really liked everybody's performances I did think Elise was the best so it is nice to see her here. This movie takes place in 2010 directly before the original Insidious so it basically leads directly into the Insidious. It kind of goes over Elise's backstory you know growing up some trouble she had in her house. She gets a call from somebody who's having a haunting and ends up that that person is in her old house so she's basically going back to this house that caused her a lot of trauma to kind of help this guy who's having a problem with a new ghost going on in the house. That's kind of the basic synopsis of this movie. The pros is the monster slash monsters. The very first Insidious I really enjoyed the build up that they had for the evil characters the bad characters. I thought that they was kind of outside the box scary and I just really enjoyed the wholeness sneak that they put around the main monsters in Insidious and this movie is no difference. The main monster is very unique. He actually is really kind of scary. I just really appreciate what they did with this character. To me it feels fresh and scary and all the things I wanted in a creepy monster. This monster pretty much has it so I really enjoy it. I really did enjoy the mystery aspect of it. When you have the original Insidious you know something's going on but you really don't know exactly how it's going to end and it has this kind of mysterious vibe to it to where you want to see what is going to happen at the end. What's the punchline because everything's so bizarre and in this movie you kind of have that too. You know something's weird happening. It's going to have a crazy conclusion. You know all this but you don't really know exactly how it's going to go. It really feels like a mystery until things get unveiled which I actually really, really appreciate it and then also the last pro is that it has echoes of the original Insidious. The whole vibes to it. How serious it was. The kind of quirky little high-pitched music that's just so insidious and the kind of bone-chilling scenes. It does slightly come through in this movie. I would say about a third of the time I was engulfed in that Insidious style feel. Some mixed aspects. In the beginning of the movie it's basically Elise growing up and Elise's dad is very, very abusive. Every time Elise claims to see a monster or see something he beats her. I really don't like it. To be honest this would have been a hard in the cons but there is kind of like a twist or something that you don't expect later on that kind of explains more to what's going on. To where it doesn't seem as tasteless and just hard to watch as it was in the beginning because to be honest I was really turned off by this. Did not want to see this. I thought it was just the 100% the wrong way but later on it kind of has a slight meaning to it so it kind of gets better. Also the person calling Elise, this person who lives in Elise's old house. This guy I just really didn't like him. He's just kind of weird and creepy. They have another twist kind of in store with that whole thing. It doesn't end on this really flat terrible note. It's almost like maybe he was acting a specific way because of this twist coming out later. I'm not too sure so it's kind of mixed on those two characters. Okay let's get into the cons of this movie. The cons is that it is overall much less engaging than the first insidious. I would say with insidious and the conjuring most of the movie I'm completely engaged 100% of the time. There's not a point where I'm taken out of it. I was probably taken out of the movie maybe about 10 times during it. Also they have some really good jump scares but they do have some repeat scares in this movie. Scares that was done in the very first insidious and I feel like they don't do enough to earn your respect as far as these scares. When you watch insidious and you watch the conjuring there's not that many scares in those movies. It's mostly just really really suspenseful and then they toss in a scare. Really really suspenseful and they toss in a scare. With this movie you just felt like they were going to try to give you almost too many jump scares to the point where you don't really trust the movie. You almost just want to look away. It almost feels a little bit cheap versus insidious and the conjuring. Everything felt so organic. It didn't feel like a cheap jump scare. It's hard to explain. The cringy paranormal guy scenes. Oh my goodness. So obviously these paranormal guys aren't like the coolest guys in the world. They kind of act like they're cool but obviously they have a little bit of a geeky side to them. But oh my goodness probably about five times at least.  I mean it was at least five scenes. They had some new characters in this movie. The new girls are just kind of lifeless. They weren't really memorable in any way. For how to rate this movie I'd probably give it about a 6.5 to a 7. I would say it's an average run of the male horror movie. Own it, rent or pass. I would say this is a rinse. This is far from a perfect movie. This has a lot of scenes that are kind of like eh. But it does have a few redeeming qualities to where if you got nothing else to watch you want to see what they're up to. It also has James Wan and Lee Winnell have their finger in this which I love both those guys. I could almost feel the James Wan style vibe in here just because of some of the scenes hit very good. But if you liked Insidious and you like paranormal movies more on a rinse and if you don't like them then I would go on a pass. Have you seen Insidious the last key? What's some other horror movies that you want me to see? What's your favorite paranormal horror movie? I'd be very interested to see down below. We're on the road to 50,000 subscribers and I could not do without any of you guys. I hope you guys are the best. I'm having a great day out here. Hopefully having a great day at home. See you all in the next video. Peace.


So yeah, just to give you some background, I'm the co-founder and CEO of Koyeb. I basically spent the last decade building cloud service providers in Europe mostly. So I started with some engineering at the cloud service provider called Outscale. In 2011, we were kind of trying to bring the feature of AWS to the French and European markets. I spent six years building another cloud service provider called Skelway. And in 2020, I started Koyeb with my two co-founders. And basically, I'm expecting to spend the upcoming decade building other cloud service providers because I tend to apparently do that. Maybe to know a little bit more who is in the audience, I would like to ask you who has already set up a service machine production. Is that the case for everyone? So we have a few people, but not everybody. I saw a dozen of people, for the people who are following from remotely, and who has a network engineering background, maybe? Not more, actually, even lesser, five people. Because from my perspective, service measures are the modern network engineering, I would say. And we'll go into a little bit of how we implemented it at Koyeb and what it encompasses and what it also brings to the user. To give you some context on what we are doing, so at Koyeb, we are basically a cloud service provider, and we are providing a completely managed platform. And we basically are developers to deploy a full stack application in minutes. And we do that in a way where we basically don't want you to learn anything specific to the cloud provider. So we don't want you to learn anything specific to our own platform. And we take care of basically everything infrastructure. So you can deploy both container and native code, in which case we will build the application for you and deploy it in production. And coming back to our service makes subjects, we also completely abstract the networking part and the service mesh. So from our wide perspective, that's what it looks like. So we have this Koyeb serverless platform, which abstracts several different functions. We abstract both cloud providers, orchestration, continuous integration, continuous delivery, networking with both our global components and a service mesh and also some monitoring and storage. And today, obviously, we will focus on two parts. So one is the service mesh. And the other one is the global part and how we basically deploy globally. The key question we will try to answer is how are request processed when you deploy an application on Koyeb? As mentioned, we have two different components. We have our global components because we are providing our platform where you have 250 edge location built in and 25 core locations. So that's the global part. And the second part is the service mesh part, which deals with load balancing parts, which provides a completely encrypted network to the user. And also provides service discovery. So as I mentioned, from our perspective, the goal was to provide a completely zero configuration deployment options of services. And we want that to be easy in multiple regions. So we want developers to be able to deploy in two or 20 locations without having to think about how to make them say different microservices communicate together. So the first goal is to have multi-region services and to provide completely transparent inter and intra-region networking. And obviously, this needs to be completely secured. So there is two components in that. So one is everything needs to be encrypted because we are also running across the internet. And we want to be also completely multi-tenant because we are a cloud service provider. So we have multiple customers on the same machines, which we'll see bring some challenges because not all technologies are designed for this and with some scale in mind on the multi-tenancy side. And the last part we're bringing is the edge acceleration. To make it more concrete, I will just give you a short demo, which is a prerecorded demo on how we deploy our next year service in Paris on CREEP and what it looks like. And it works. So here we're basically deploying an application which is called Hello, I think. It's going to be deployed from GitHub. So it's a demo application we provide. It's going to build automatically. We can select how many machines are running, which size of machines we are using, in which location it's going to run. And that's where the magic happens because we are taking care of the build process and we automatically provisioned a completely ready-to-use service mesh. So you have at the top a public URL, which is TLS encrypted by default. You can add your own custom domains later if you want. And you also have a private domain, which is ready to use. So if you deploy multiple services, they will be able to communicate together, as we'll see in a minute. So the build succeeded, which is a good news because it's a prerecorded demo. And it's going basically so and that's the demo you'll see. So you see through which edge location it's going and on which call location it's ending. And it's Paris and Paris because it was recorded in Paris yesterday. You can use a test. So if you go to demo-createb.createb.app and not .com, you'll learn on this demo application. And that's what I got yesterday when I landed. So actually, and that's where the internet magic happens and the BGP magic happens, you might not go through the same exact edge location. So yesterday night, I was going through Madrid. Two days this morning in the cab, I was going through Marseille. So that's another story. I will not focus deeply on how BGP works, but it's mostly business negotiation, which don't provide always the best latency. And the question we will try to answer is how we go to this app and how we will reach it. So the first step is basically the edge. So we basically, when you type the URL, you have the DNS resolution, which is going to return you three different unicasted IPs. Your brother is going to use the first one. And wherever you are in the world, it's going to be always the same three IPs. So that's BGP and BGP unicasted, who is doing that. And in this schema, you have a user in Valencia and a user in New York City. So the user in Valencia is going to go to the nearest ad location, which might be Madrid or Marseille, depending on peering agreements, mainly. But it's supposed to be kind of the nearest geographically, hopefully. And the second user is going to go through New York City. And what it brings is basically the TLS connection is going to be terminated at the edge. You will be able to provide HTTP 3 for all people who have dozens who support it. And you will get also caching at the edge. The second step is our edge network is always going to route you to the nearest call location, where your service is actually running. So sorry, not where your service is actually running. So it's the nearest call location before routing you to the call location where your service is actually running. So remember, we deployed the service in Paris. So if you are in New York, you're going to go through the edge location in New York, then through the call location in New York, and then to Paris. Because we'll see how it works behind the scenes, but that's the way we implemented the mesh. And to go to this call location where we have the complete service mesh running, I will just give you a few more details on the global context of the technological stack we are using. So we are using, for the orchestration side, Nomad.  It's running on top of all servers. And for the networking side, we are using Kuma and Voice, who are dealing with the service mesh and discovery. So what Kuma and Voice basically bring to us is that they provide completely fully automated service deployment. We get all the basics, which you'd expect as an end user. So you get secure private connection. You don't need to think about encryption between your different services. You get completely automated DNS provisioning for your internal services, layer for layer seven load balancing. And it's really completely transparent as an end user. So we have, on each core location, we have the stack running. So it looks like this. You have like thermal servers, the hypervisors with the CoreS and micro-VMS on top of the hypervisors. And the container you deployed are running inside of the micro-VMS. So that's pretty standard in terms of service mesh deployments. And Kuma is basically taking care of all the service mesh control plane. So what it does, it's going to broadcast the configuration to all instances of Kuma, which are embedding Envoy technically. And it's broadcasting the configuration. It's not broadcasting it, but it's distributing the configuration where it needs it to be. So on the control plane side, you have Kuma who is dealing with all this configuration. And on the data plane side, you have the Envoy, which are embedded into managed by Kuma. And that's the key thing. And so going back to our service, which is located in Paris, the question is, where does it go through? So we stopped at the edge earlier. And we said it was going to the nearest core location. Then we have two components in what we call the DALAPASS. The first one is, and both of these components are not standard actually to Kuma. So it's things we had to add up. The first one is what we call the GLB. So it's a global load balancer, which is going to identify where in which core location the service is running. So if you landed in New York, this is the component which is going to tell you your services in Paris. And it's going to reduce traffic to Paris. And then we have a second component, which is the Ingress Gateway. And it's going to identify on which exact machine and the core location the service is running. And actually, I was told that Ingress Gateway component is something which came up pretty recently in Kuma. So we are not using it because we needed it earlier. And it was not yet released. So we have our own implementation, which is dealing with multiple customers and multiple meshes. So that's an overview of the whole DALAPASS. So on the left, you have the Edge servers, which are connecting with MTLS to the GLB, which is located in the core location. So that's a scenario where you land directly on the right core location. The GLB is going to send it to the Ingress Gateway in the same location. And the Ingress Gateway is going to route the traffic to the right sidecar where actually your micro-VM is running outside. If we go to the scenario where you have two services in the same location, so in Paris. In this case, the use case is you have a web application and you have an authentication service. So there are both containers. So the authentication service could be a Rust service, for instance. And what it brings is basically it's going to provision completely automated DNS provisioning. And it's also going to bring you native layer for load balancing. And as an end user, as a developer, you can do a curl on Oath that's 3,000. And it's going to be completely transparent for you. So your web service is going to be able to reach the Oath microservices without having to deal with any of the complexity. So in this case, it's pretty simple, like the data pass for communication inside of a region is going to be direct. So it's not going to go through another component. It's going to go from each service car to the second one. And if you're basically in a scenario where you're deploying across multiple regions, there is a two of them. I'm not sure what it means. I have two minutes left, maybe. What I was going to say, if we are deploying these two services in different regions, it's going to rely on another component which is called the zone ingress, which is actually pretty similar to the ingress gateway we had earlier. But it's for interregion. So it cannot go directly to the site of the located in New York. It's going to go through the zone ingress, which is located in New York, before reaching the right site in New York. When we built this platform, we had to choose the right technologies. And we had two key requirements, which were mostly filled by Kuma at the time. The first one is multi-tenancy. And we rely on open source technology. So the only one which was able to provide this was Kuma and the multi-zone factor. So that's why we ended up with, basically, Kuma. We still have several challenges and limitations with this technology. So one is multi-tenancy scaling. We have about 3,000 different service measures already. Because each customer has his own service mesh. That's one key point of our implementation. And basically, when you add a platency in the current implementation, it's going to, when you add up meshes, sorry, it's going to add a platency. So we ended up having sidecars who were taking five minutes to boot. So that's part of the challenge we are trying to tackle and solve. We have several performance issues there. And we also have the challenge of memory of overhead for sidecars, which is a huge concern for when you deploy tiny microservices like functions or services with 120 megabit of RAM. And the two things we are looking for, which are part of the technology already, outbound IPs and TCP-UDP support, which we need to implement. So we are basically looking to expose way more features than we have now. In the future, we already have built-in observability and the platform, which is going to be released this week, actually. And we are basically expanding right now to 25 core locations. And that's going to be it for now. I skipped really quickly on the last slides. Thank you very much. So we are going to basically announce the public preview today of the platform. It's already available. You can sign up. And that's all. And if there are questions, I'm happy to take them if I have some time.


Today, we are going to talk about gambling and other behavioral addictions. Most of us are used to the idea of addiction to substances, addiction to alcohol, addiction to drugs, etcetera. But, I am sure you heard of people being addicted to their work, you have heard of terms like workaholism, you have heard of now, I am sure you would have read somewhere that you know some people are more than a little fond of their face book pages, you know staying on face book or you know more than a little fascinated by their cell phones. So, the issue is whether one can be addicted to a particular behavior. Now, how can you be addicted to a behavior, if I might show you the slide. Now, addiction to substances, addiction to patterns of behavior appear to be to lie on a continuum, because ultimately addiction is about loss of control. The badge of addiction is that there is a person has lost control over the use of a particular substance or over this particular behavior. So, while substance addictions involve abuse of and dependence upon chemicals such as alcohol, nicotine, heroin, cocaine, etcetera. Behavioral addictions involve problem use, repetitive use of potentially pleasurable or compulsive activities. I mean most of them are activities which are normally done in society, you know they can be gambling, they can be sex, can be working, spending, you know when you go to people, people go on spending sprees, eating, etcetera. And sometimes what happens is some people struggle with both types simultaneously and often and that is the point I am going to try and make to you is that it is the same people who are at risk for both types of addiction. General public often mistakenly view these addictions as moral flaws in the same way that the general public often views people who use drugs and alcohol as somehow morally weak, somehow you know having less control over what they do. And therefore, bad as less serious, but they also can you know the general public also have a feeling that these are somehow less serious than the substance addictions, the behavioral addictions I mean. But what is true and this is something that we see in our clinics is that these addictions to behaviors can also go totally out of control and they cause as much havoc on families, on persons themselves as drug addiction and alcoholism. And it often I mean these addictions for example, gambling addiction etcetera often also contribute to a relapse to substance addictions when people have both. These potentially addictive behaviors are usually healthy essential activities you know that is the paradox that most of them start out as often essential activities eating is an essential activity, sex is an essential activity. Sometimes going and having a little you know fun is an essential activity in today's life you know listening to the cell phone is has become an essential activity. But sometimes is essential activity spiral out of control, but one of the things and this is something that we talked earlier these activities all have one common property that they appear to stimulate a very ancient reward circuit in the brain.   And all these whether it is the substances whether it is some of these behaviors that I am going to talk about they cause a flood of this important chemical called dopamine in this particular circuit. Now brains are already programmed to encourage these behaviors by making them highly pleasurable. Addictive drugs in alcohol trigger a similar response, but drugs induce pleasurable distraction simply by being taken you do not have to do that activity in this you have to actually perform an activity and that is the only difference. So what are the core elements of addiction seen in both substance and behavioral addictions?  And you make multiple attempts to stop, but despite that you relapse then tolerance which means you require higher levels of a particular drug or in this case higher levels of that activity to give you the same buzz. The earlier level for example I start gambling tomorrow I need to gamble at a higher level I need to bet more to get the same buzz that you know I was getting initially. Then of course there is this preoccupation you know it is a word which is often used to describe this is salience this is so salient that this becomes the most important thing in my life. Doing this activity and planning to do this activity takes over my 24 hours you know my going and buying stuff for my child has not become that important. My coming to work is not that important even when I come to work my mind is constantly thinking about this particular thing and that is salience and if I do not do this particular activity I get a sense of withdrawal which can be sadness which can be anxiety which can be persistent thoughts about this inability to sleep you know basic difficulties. And I get cravings or an urge to perform this particular activity and these are some of the seven criteria which are necessary to signify that of behavior or use of particular substance has become addictive. Gambling what is gambling? Gambling is putting something usually money at risk in the hope of gaining of something of greater value. Now gambling is very very very very very very old in human societies and if one looks at the Rig Veda which is one of the oldest pieces of literature known to mankind one finds that there is extensive description of gambling and what they used to use is this particular five sided seed of tree called the Vibhithaka and this has been described in as one of the earliest forms of gambling. Then people started using somewhere in the Indo Iranian and Indian region the astragalus that is but the certain bones of animals which have different facets so when you throw them there is an equal chance of any side falling and this again is around 1500 B.C. I mean the earliest signs and then of course you move to dice which could be made out of ceramic or stone etcetera. So you have carved dice and those are pictures of some of the early dice which have been found especially in the Indian region. The gambler's lament which is in the Rig Veda is actually probably I am going to start with that because it is one of the earliest descriptions of an addiction a behavioral addiction just let us go through this it says sprung from the tall trees and windy heights these rollers meaning these dice transport me as they turn upon the table. The enlivening Vibhithaka has pleased me like the draught of Soma. So somebody is actually making a comparison between gambling and the Somras that they used to get high on and remember this is 1700 B.C. When I resolve I will not play with them I will remain behind when my friends depart to play in the brown dice thrown on the board have rattled like a fond girl I seek the place of meeting meaning it draws me it draws me this presumably a man who is saying it draws me like a young girl draws me the dice draw me. So he is talking of the craving and the urge and so on and so forth sorry and these are these are for example examples from Pahare paintings of people gambling. The game star seeks the gambling house and wonders his body all of I will I be lucky. So and it goes on and on about how one has no control and how dice are like you know as if they have thorns and they can like goads which pull elephants and they can pull you. So the point the reason why I have you know brought up this very old piece of literature is to just to tell you that this is something which has been recognized for many many years and yet in the country which probably described pathological gambling for the first time we have not had too much of serious discussion serious scholarship on pathological gambling. It also talks about you know some of the consequences of gambling that what happens to people that they lose everything that they lose their families they lose their wives all right. Let me go to the this is a very very well known scenario to all of us who have grown up in India and have listened to our grandmothers tell us the story of the Mahabharata. Did you know for example that there are different forms of gambling there are gambling over sports for example these are people who are gambling over cocks fighting with each other cocks fighting and this is very very ancient has been described in some of the early purans and you know certainly in the Mahabharata. On this side is this picture of what used to go on in Calcutta in the late 1700s there was a form of gambling called rain gambling people would gamble on the amount of rain that would fall and when rain would fall people have gambled on you know how much the cotton stocks would be in the US which would be brought in by Reuters telegraph and this was perceived I mean historically the reason why I am telling you this is this was perceived by the British colonial government as something very very harmful very very morally bad and they tried to ban gambling but in true colonial style they decided to ban gambling which the natives did and they decided that you know gambling on horse racing was not bad but it was legal because they did it and they came to this very very funny logic that gambling on horse racing actually is a scientific principle so you have to decide how the horse is going to run which horse how the horse you know how strong the horse is etc. But you know something that this is also something which is now currently used as a principle to determine what is right and what is wrong the law on gambling in India today is still based on this principle that if there is some scientific knowledge which is required then that is okay that is called gaming and if not if it is based only on chance then it is illegal because it is gambling anyway. So subsequently of course there are things which happen you know there is the game of satta which is illegal because it is based on chance but there are two two two gambling forms which are legal in India actually three one is horse racing which is come down from the British times the other one is a game of Rummy and the third one is legal in only some states which are casinos where you play certain kinds of gambling games but here some of the recent papers that we have had on you know gambling in India and what we have been trying to talk about is that some forms of gambling can be pathological like some forms of drinking can be pathological some forms of eating can be pathological and there is a segment of people who do gamble and they develop early problems okay basically what I am trying to say is that there is a continuum of risk it is not it is not a black and white thing from no gambling to casual social gambling you know for example it is very common in India during Diwali during Lakshmi puja and other things to get to gamble in at least in some parts of the country and it is part of the religious ritual and then of course you have serious social gambling where people disappear every you know weekend to play you know some form of Rummy or bridge or whatever and they lay lay bets on it then you have harmful gambling harmful involvement where people actually start losing money start developing you know going to debt because of it and then you have pathological gambling where gambling occurs to the extent of an addiction basically we talk of and the reason I am speaking on gambling is that most of the work has been done on gambling you have at risk gambling which is gambling that carries the increased risk of developing into a gambling problem but has not yet developed then there is problem gambling gambling that disrupts the damages personal family or recreational pursuits or next and most serious is gambling addiction or pathological gambling which is persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling characterized by some of the following that I talked about remember the seven characteristics preoccupation with gambling the need to gamble with increasing amounts inability to cut back or stop chasing losses you know that I had lost so I need to recoup the loss lying about gambling adverse social and financial consequences and continuing despite knowledge of harm. So basically these are some of the criteria for pathological gambling which I just already talked about so we do not need to get into the details of this and there are different criteria depending on which part of the world you are in this is the American criteria and earlier people in the psychiatric world considered gambling to be a problem of impulse it was concerned considered a disorder of impulse that you could not restrict your impulse so it was called an impulsive impulse control disorder for example you know you have heard of people who pull out their hair it is called tricotillomania so this was classed in the same class as that that I have an impulse to pull out my hair and I pull it out and gambling was considered an impulse but now people are more and more because of some of the science that has accrued over the last ten years people more and more are saying look this is like addiction. So it is now being classified as an addictive disorder so anyway this was so how common is pathological gambling we are talking about this and you are you are at liberty to ask me why you talking about this is it really common what we do know is that pathological gambling occurs in about 30 to 60 percent and these are these are US figures of the population you know but these are American figures let us look at and then these are some of the tools which are used to tap gambling but one of the best screeners for gambling is just two questions have you ever felt the need to bet more and more money have you ever had to lie to people important to you about how much you gamble and these are again some of the tools which are used. Let me give you some Indian figures these are figures of you know when we asked for gambling in the population in a population in Bangalore and we looked at people who were treatment seekers who were seeking treatment for addiction what we found was that in non-treatment seekers sorry what am I looking at in treatment seekers 13 percent had gambling of any kind and seven percent had from pathological or addictive gambling in non-treatment seekers that is general population that we looked at about five percent had gambling of any kind and zero percent had pathological gambling we did an internet survey of gambling and we found again about 20 percent people reported gambling of any kind and zero percent reported pathological gambling see one of the things that we arrived at as a conclusion is that people who were seeking treatment for other addictions were at much higher risk for pathological addiction as a pathological gambling or addictive gambling as well whereas other forms of gambling the problem gambling and the social gambling were common in people who were not at also not at risk for other addictions. So these the addictive forms seem to cluster together the mode of gambling that we did find was more of you know sorry of card games involving money horse racing etc but as you can see no sorry this is a this is a slide about the mode of gambling so card games involving money seem to be the most common form that we found in our study again this particular slide really shows that the kind of problems that were there and we if you look the problems seem to be more in the blue blue strips which are people who are seeking treatment for for addictive disorders the slide I really want to show you is that problem gambling seem to be much more in people who had developed early onset addictive problems and in a previous lecture that I had talked about you know how people with early onset addiction seem to be at much higher risk for a whole host of problems. What we also found in this particular study is that these are the externalizing scores of behavior which are namely impulsivity, inattention, oppositional behavior etc so people who had greater externalizing scores were more likely to be gambling then people who had lesser externalizing scores and this is something that is been found consistently in world literature that adolescents who have attention deficit adolescents who have conduct problems are more likely to have gambling problems.  Let me go instead to because this is a lot wrong so how does one treat pathological gambling currently the only method of treating pathological gambling are psychosocial interventions the ones which have strong evidence are cognitive behavioral therapies and behavior therapies and very recently you know we are we have started using certain pharmacological or drug medical treatment medicinal treatments for pathological gambling.  So do you think internet addiction is real yeah let us examine the between 5 to 10 percent of web servers suffer from some form of dependency and this is from an American study. What is addiction like we said it is a compulsive need for and use of a habit forming substance but persistent compulsive use of a substance known to be harmful. Now internet addiction can involve excessive social networking excessive online shopping compulsive online gaming excessive blogging compulsive watching of internet videos and pornography and playing online games. So when we have one talks of internet addiction one talks of a whole cluster of of problems. Now while there is a generation of internet addicts most of them seem to be clustered in the in the younger age group well this only stands to reason because people above the age of 45 are not using the net so much and they are not as net savvy. So there are some studies which show that too much internet usage can cause structural brain damage and some of the consequences of internet addiction are loss of a sense of time that you go on being on the net without knowing how much time has passed withdrawal when the computer is inaccessible social isolation and fatigue you do not want to go into you know social groups you get tired and bored very easily tolerance that is including the need for better computer equipment that you keep upgrading your computer you keep upgrading your software. So these are some of the known consequences of internet addiction now this is again another particular another study on internet addiction and when people were asked do you normally stay online longer than you intended 75 percent of people who were approach said yes unfortunately this particular study was done on people who were on the internet. So in a way it was biased to people who were on the internet for very long periods of time when asked do you sometimes choose to spend more time on online than going out with others 41 percent said yes we usually lose sleep due to late night logins 50 percent said yes do you think your job performance of productivity suffers because of the internet 42 percent said yes. So very large numbers of people who are being pulled are saying that internet usage is interfering with their day to day functioning how often do you check your email before something else that you need to do 23 percent say frequently.  So it started off as a satirical piece by a gentleman called Goldberg in 1995 but by 2013 this is now entered the Bible of psychiatric diagnosis. So what started off as a joke has been become a serious pathological entity people of there are some people who oppose it and they say that the relationship between depression and internet addiction is because people who are depressed tend to not use not to be in contact with other people but take request to the internet and that it is usually people who are first unwell who then spend more and more time with the internet that internet usage is secondary to other mental disorders. But you cannot escape the consequences you know when one talks of Facebook addiction Facebook in 2012 had 1.06 billion users of them almost 680 million were according to one particular study addicted to Facebook. This is a US study and the time spent each month was very very high it was about 53 billion minutes on Facebook 3.2 billion were pressing the like button and 30 million uploads happened in one particular month these are huge figures these are huge figures Facebook addiction increasingly become a real problem because if you look at Facebook users and these are data taken from this particular study which looked at Facebook usage 41 percent are addicted to Facebook 63 percent are stressed by delaying their responses to a friend's request more than 30 percent one third feel guilty about rejecting new friend request 20 percent people comment on their friend's photos each day now which pan do you guys fall into 15 percent update their status each day can you imagine everybody is updating their status each day anyway this is what we are talking about gaming addiction that it is not unusual for people to get so obsessed with online gaming that they forget to eat and this they just growth in an anorexic and it does happen and we have started getting people who are coming coming to the clinic with complaints usually they do not complain it is their parents and you know relatives who complain that they stop doing every activity they just sitting on the net playing often they are playing these multiplayer massive multiplayer online games and they are on it in the daytime because all their friends in India playing and they are awake at night because they are playing with people in in some other continent in some other time zone a lot of work has been done in Korea where I believe gaming addiction is very very our gaming is very very popular and apparently 70 percent of the young people in Korea play online games and it has been estimated by two studies from Korea that 18 percent are online addicts I mean game addicts now people have often asked me that yes so what happens that people play games does it hurt anybody and these are some of the studies where people have actually killed or hurt other people or hurt themselves when they were stopped from access to their computer access to their games online gambling I was talking about earlier so I will not talk about it now internet pornography addiction is also very very you know the figures are very very high and these are again these days you can get global statistics from the net and so if you look at porn websites of all the global sites 12 percent of the websites are pornographic and there appear to be huge amounts of money which are spent on these websites these are terms which are used especially in industry have you heard of cyber loafing in gold-breaking cyber loafing is when employees use their companies internet for non-work related purposes during working hours and this in industry has become a very big drain on the productive time and therefore on the money and so people have been doing research on the impact of cyber loafing so there have been studies for and against you know some studies have said that people who take time off from their work actually have better psychological performance and better engagement with their work because they are able to take time off from their work but I do not think the bosses in the industry are very happy about people using their computers to log on to Facebook gold-breaking on the other hand is staff who use their work internet access for personal reasons while maintaining the appearance of working which can lead to inefficiency so you have one screen opened which is your work thing and another screen open on your Facebook page and you keep shifting between the two it has been estimated that almost 70 percent of businesses lose money and time because of these particular practices now this is not something that has become very popular in India but especially in the U.S. and in countries like Korea etc there is a strong move to bring about internet addiction rehabilitation. I have not heard of any such process and you know in India and honestly we really we who are in the treatment arena have not yet thought of developing interventions but we are going to need to develop such interventions let me leave you with these questions are you addicted to your smartphone do you have a smartphone I am sure you so are you addicted to it 65 percent of iPhone users surveyed said I cannot live without my phone I 40 percent said I give up my morning coffee first you know I would rather you know check my phone before I check my you know have my morning coffee 18 percent said I will stop bathing every day before I give up my iPhone and 15 percent said I give up go a weekend without my iPhone I would rather give up sex so iPhone usage also seems to be becoming fairly problematic now the I want to finish with the point that you know we can keep adding you know iPhone usage this that but at the end of the day what seems fairly apparent is that it is not the form of the addiction rather not the content of the addiction but the form of the addiction there are some people who lose control and these are people who are liable to lose control whether it is with cell phones or whether it is with alcohol or whether it is with drugs and ultimately the issue is to look at the characteristics of the people who are likely to or who are at a greater risk of losing control and this is what we talked about yesterday so but I am not going to repeat that and intervention lies in dealing with these characteristics which are likely to give rise to these addictive forms of behavior I will end there thank you can love will fall into this category of addiction love how are you going to define love love for music oh that is different what does fall into the category I mean for example is sexual addictions because there are people who get addicted to a either pornography or to sex as far as love is concerned love I mean if you if you if you are talking about love as in human relationships well I am sure there are some people who fall in and out of love you know consistently but I doubt whether that would really you know be be an addiction because but love to love for music yes I mean there are some people who will put on their headphones and listen to music all the time especially the head banging music and will not do anything else other than that and I suppose yes it is linked to this whole thing of these are again people who seem to be at high risk for other other problems for example it is fairly well known that people who listen to head banging music and keep listening to that music all the time up are often very prone to developing problems with drug usage you know and it is not about them being prone to drug usage or the music per se but that these are people who often use this to control the hyperactivity in their brains as we talked about last yesterday. Sir can we control gold breaking and cyber loving like when we would be to just cut off the connections to important sites like Facebook and Twitter but this could also be counterproductive because this can make them angry that they are not able to track with other fellows and I think that this would also hamper the productivity of the organization absolutely so it is a it is a it is a very good question because there is no proper answer to that it is like it is the same difficulty that is there in organizations for example you have in most organizations you are not allowed to smoke inside right so but organizations allow their workers to go outside and smoke and then they face a problem because you have people who are going out half the time you know every 5-10 minutes they are going out and smoking so are you losing more time by having allowing people to go out and have a smoke and if you do not especially for people who are addicted to smoking you will have workers there who are getting very agitated and unable to continue with their work so what do you do so a lot of age you know industry industry has now started you know giving in house tobacco cessation programs saying that let us put money in getting these people to give up smoking totally now whether that will happen with Twitter and Facebook I do not know but I am sure people can be taught not to use Facebook and Twitter while on the job you know like most serious employees will not be sitting up and ringing up their friends and having you know chatting away to glory you know while they are on a job if they are serious about their job but you are right I mean if you prevent forcibly you cut off Twitter accounts which some companies do that you have no access to the internet other than the sites that you have to visit because you are on a company internet or whatever whether that creates more satisfied employees or more disgruntled employees that is something that we really do not know about nobody is really done any work about that but good question. We talked about how internet addiction was a consequence of depression where they went into the internet addiction to get away from depression so does it ever get to a point where you finally get bored of it? Of the internet? Well I know of lots of people who unfriend themselves from Facebook but people who are really really addicted and they get up one day and say that I am not going to use the internet any longer I am sure there are like there are people who are really addicted to alcohol and one day say I am not going to drink any more but statistically I would say that I would hazard a guess because there is not any raw hard data about it but hazard a guess that they are few and far between because remember when we are talking of addiction what we are slowly understanding is that some people are getting addicted because of certain ways of brain functioning and these are people who are liable to get addicted whether to this or to that. In fact it is a well known phenomenon that in places like the AA Alcoholics Anonymous where people have come to give up alcohol there is a huge amount of smoke and there is this whole concept of shifting from one addiction to another replacing one addiction with another. So the real solution probably is to get people to shift to addictions which are adaptive, healthier addictions, safer addictions. Is there any difference in the extroverts and introverts when it comes to vulnerability to like internet addiction and all? Well that has not been studied but again I would hazard a guess that people with this impulsivity, inattention etcetera are more likely to be attached to any addictive behavior than people who are not but to your direct question whether there is difference between extroverts and introverts there is no hard data there nobody is really studied it. Please remember that these are concepts which are very very new most of the world does not believe that these concepts exist and these concepts have come up and are being put up saying that let us study this and see whether we really need to get bothered about it we really need to follow this up but as all of you know that all of you can at least count five people who sit on the internet among your friends who sit on the internet more than they require to who have cut down their social interaction because of their love for the you know for surfing whatever sites they surf and so to all of you it is a real problem in some at least five people you know similarly with cell phones or not so much with cell phones not yet and so one more question what about social voyeurism is that can that also fall into what does that mean social voyeurism as in people who are like they want to know about the lives of other people who are on their Facebook friend list or something like that but they do not want to tell about their life so they keep their life as a secret their own photographs their own post status updates anything but they have that urge to know what is happening in other people's lives regularly check their profile and all that so what is the term used for it I heard the social voyeurism yeah yeah I suppose you know but then that is that is there in normal human intervention also I mean of the number of people who are here who are asking questions there be one or two who will not ask questions who will be very keenly listening to the other people asking questions will be very keenly observing what is happening so but you know to be fair there are some people who will you know be hidden and keep watching and like you are saying voyeurism looking at some of the things which are which are not very necessarily very adaptive they will be and if you go to certain sites you find that there are people who go to social media sites pick up pictures and and then they collect them and use it for not so healthy purposes and yes that is there that is the very nature of the internet that if you choose to you can be you know stay hidden answer what is the method which are being currently employed by the US society to curve the internet addiction there are certain sites not just US I mean it is there in Australia and various other countries which are looking at providing services for internet and other addictions gambling addiction etc which is similar to I showed you some of the things most of it is behavioral treatments basically most of these behavioral treatments try to get you to unlearn old patterns of behavior and learn newer and more adaptive patterns of behavior. So it uses a behavioral therapy model or a cognitive behavior therapy model cognitive behavior therapy also includes looking at the cognitions of thoughts the automatic cognitions and thoughts which one falls into and which then propels your behavior you know the shoots and woods that one has in your one's mind is it not. And sir does this also change the wiring of like earlier in the yesterday's talk you mentioned that when one is too much addicted to drugs or say alcohol the wiring the hardware will bring changes. Yes. So does similar thing happens in this abuse also like when you have one is too much addicted to say internet or gambling does the wiring of brain changes say also. There is very early data very early data which shows that there is difference between the brains of people who are addicted to some of these behavioral addictions mostly gambling and people who are not. Now the same question that we talked about yesterday is whether these changes are there before or are a consequence of this behavior that is something which we still cannot answer. But from the experience of what we have learned from substance gambling and sorry substance use disorder substance addiction one would hazard a guess that these differences in the brain size brain function existed you know before people took on the behavioral you know became behaviorally addicted. So that it is a vulnerability rather than just a consequence of this particular behavioral addiction. If someone wants to quit one kind of addiction so is it that they are more prone to fall for other kind of addictions. Yes you are absolutely right that if one quits one kind of addiction they are also prone to developing other addictions. So the ultimate aim will be to try and deal with the basic vulnerability that exists rather than just getting people to quit one addiction of the other. Unfortunately our old way of dealing with addiction has been to say stop this it has not been to say stop this and I shall also provide you with a solution to deal with whatever is causing you to get addicted. So the treatment of addiction has been like a revolving door you go in go out from the door and come back again through the door. Now recent strategies which have which we have started looking at have started looking at let us deal with the pre-existing problem rather than just looking at the tip of the iceberg it is like an iceberg you know only a small part is visible but if you do only look at that your ship gets sunk by what is under the water. Small question to ask is it that you first become addicted to one type of this which would ultimately lead you to some other consequence let us say if I am into online gaming or if I am into pornography then you see that you know first I develop addiction towards internet and then that addiction further gets a flavor of say internet gaming or pornographic material. What you are talking about is this whole concept of gateway addiction which is specifically used in drug use that the classical thing is that you start on tobacco smoking or chewing and that leaves you on to other drugs or as was earlier thought that people who start using cannabis ganja that is the gateway to lead you into others you know more serious drugs like heroin and cocaine and other substances that has proved to be not very useful model to follow. Similarly, I would not really subscribe to gateway addiction even in the behavioral addiction because I would think that what one chooses as the behavior is dependent on your circumstance if you have access to gambling you go to that if you have access to the internet you go to that and it is because of your the fact that whatever this particular thing increases activity in your reward circuit you persist with that and because in a way it deals with this particular vulnerability and normalizes this externalizing behavior that you continue with that because like I showed yesterday it seems to give you a better response better reinforcement than it gives other people and the people who are vulnerable and so you continue and you persist with that and it could be whatever you started on the issue is that sometimes when you stop one and you are not dealt with your vulnerability then you have to move on to another substance or another behavior the lesson being that one who is vulnerable is vulnerable to any or many of these behaviors or substances


So good as Tivoli Gardens been this season. Well, let's take a look at the starting lineup for Mount Pleasant Chacon Davis, of course is in goal and in front of him, Suleyma Kala Fitzroy Cummings, Melvin Docksley, Shaquille Dyer, Kimoni Bailey Back in the starting lineup, of course Shaquille Bradford who's been with them for a couple of weeks from Harbourview, Nathaniel James, Romeo Guthrie, Demario Phillips and Daniel Green completing the starting lineup for the Theodore Whitmore coached squad Yeah, I know Devante Campbell in it was really good in the last game but picked up a knock obviously has not recovered, Bailey is back in there as a starting and also had a lot of good form at the beginning of the season. He'll be looking to rediscover that and what a game he would pick if he were to do that today. Barrington Price is out injured for Tivoli Gardens so, you know, it could be an issue for them. Diego Horton, of course, remains between the six, Penny Cook Brown and Alton Lewis who's in his new sweeper role as a part of the Black Three. Let's complete the lineup with Nelson, Garnet, Justin Dunn, Nathan Thomas, Lennox Russell, Kino Simpson and of course Shaquille Jones in this drumweight starting lineup. Yeah, no surprise, 3-4-3 is what they're looking for. Full time score, Mount Pleasant, 1, Tivoli Gardens, 0. Full match highlights then and here, Okita Nicholson in charge of this one, Mount Pleasant driving forward there at home. The first half wasn't very exciting, lots of midfield play and miscued shots. Nathaniel James on that occasion, the guilty party, driving forward again, this one, no Kimoni Bailey, well blocked and really cancelling out each other in the middle of the park in the first 45 were these two and no goals in it as well. This Shaquille Bradford getting into the box and a strike there which came off Morris Heel and it was easily shut down from Tivoli Gardens putting bodies on the line. Then this moment, a penalty, Okita Nicholson pointing to the spot in the second half. Set it came off the hand of Fitzroy Cummings, it certainly didn't and maybe just is done as just been done. Had his penalty saved by Shaquille and Davis, a brilliant save with the left hand by Davis. The Mount Pleasant bench were off it on its feet, big moment for them and as I said probably deserved considering it shouldn't have been a penalty in the first place. Then this shot from distance, Davis made it look spectacular but it was pretty routine for a keeper of his quality. Odin Pinnacle from distance who has surprised so far this season in scoring three maybe thought he could get even more expressive. Then Aubrey in the wide area trailing this one across and Richard Brone was there to say no, no, no to Shaquille Bradford. Until this moment, from the dead ball Demaro Phillips as he does so many times and Suley Makala, the captain, the fantastic one, rising to the occasion and directing it into the roof of the net. Five goals on the season for Suley Makala, wow and all of them at critical times, four critical points to gain critical results. 1-0 Plout Mount Pleasant, yet again. They have done the double Mount Pleasant, both the Bob Marley score lines, two shots on target from 10 attempts for Mount Pleasant, the same in terms of on target from Tiffoli Gardens but just the four attempts. There are some 27 fouls between the two, 18 fouls for Mount Pleasant and four yellow cards shown by Okita Nicholson, three corners for Mount Pleasant Tiffoli Gardens. They had a lot of attacking play, eight corners but unable to really penetrate the defense of Mount Pleasant and they came up blank on this afternoon. Majority of the possession to Mount Pleasant and a big three points. Second defeats third and that's it from the Jack Saul Sports Complex here. Mount Pleasant won Tiffoli Gardens nil. We're here for more man of the match, no other than Captain Fantastic who is with Dwight Jeremiah. Ever so often every time I come to Jack Saul and do a match for Pleasant plays, I stand before you as man of the match. For me, everybody sees what you do in terms of getting on to the end of all and scoring but I want to dig a little bit inside. What falls in your head, on in your head when these moments arise? These games like this, you know, most like it always come down to a set piece and we've been practicing from churning that during these games that we want to make set piece be the decider and so I normally step up from a team so it's just that something that inside of me like to step up in these big moments. And we realize that you do that so well but you have to be one of the main man in this set play. Is there a strategy for Mount Pleasant to have players block persons who are coming to you? Could you always intervene yourself in a lot of things? Well, not necessarily. It's just we just practice some runs and if they all come into my area, you know, I just try to get on it. It was a big game today. Second, against third, how important this win is in terms of bragging rights, not just the three points. It's very important. You know, most of all, we want to keep climbing the table and these games like we want to take three points on these games because the table is very close at the top. We'll put our money on you just before the kick game. You help us to win our money. All the best going forward. All right, thank you.


One of my favorite parts about using the terminal is that aliases are a thing now if you don't know what an alias is basically The idea is to create a shortcut for another command So when you execute an alias it translates into something else Basically something that's supposed to be longer Or maybe it's harder to type or harder to remember or whatever it happens to be so what I wanted to do today Was two things first show you how to make an alias. It's really simple a Second thing that I wanted to do is kind of go through some of my favorite aliases so these are some of the aliases that I've either created or stolen from other people over the years and Maybe you'll find a few of them here that you're interested in putting in your files So let's go ahead and show you what an alias is and then go through some of my favorites So there are actually two types of aliases that you can create the first one that I'm going to show you is a Session-only alias basically what this will do is just create an alias for The length of time that this terminal is open once you've closed the terminal it will be gone now The reason why this might be useful is because you wanted wanted to create an alias that just exists here And you know you're never gonna need it again, but you're gonna need it several times during this terminal session It's just a way of kind of creating one, but you don't want it to clutter up your bash RC files So how do you how do you do this? It's the easiest way to do it and the best way is to do this alias like so and then the Shortcut that you want to be able to use in order to to execute the command that you're going to create So so let's just say we wanted to create one for cd-ing into my music directory So I could do Mu for music and then equals and then either double quotes or single quotes It doesn't really matter and then you want to do the command and then a space and then for me It's going to be slash hub slash stuff slash media and Then music I'm gonna have to go back and fix that so we're gonna I don't know why it was auto-correcting like so But it's fine. So if I hit enter now like this, I Should get no output whatsoever. So that means it was properly input So if I now use emu what it should do if I enter it should cd me into that directory So I didn't have to actually type it out. That's what an alias does It is basically auto expanding from emu into that command and it can be for any command that you want It could be a cd command a move command Whatever happens to be if you create an alias for it it can exist and it can be anything. So that's a session only alias How would you create one that is more permanent one that would last for as long as you have it in your files? Well, the answer to that question is a little bit more complicated because it's gonna depend on what shell you're using So I'm using zsh all of my aliases are in an actual text file and then I source that from my dot zsh Hrc, so I'm gonna them into that zsh rc here and All my aliases are done something like this line here now You don't have to do it this way you can put all of your aliases right in your zsh rc Now if you are using a bash or see or if you're using bash, I should say Yours would all go in your bash rc and it's the exact same process just the name of the files difference So I could if I wanted to put that same alias in here. So I get alias equals or emu Equals and then cd and slash hub like so stuff media music click so and then if I were to then Restart my computer or whatever or just close this session of terminal that alias would exist until I deleted that line And that's all you have to do in order to create a alias that lasts for as long as you want And like you said if you're using zsh You put it in your zsh rc file if you're using bash you're gonna put it in your bash rc file Both of those should be located in your home directory unless you've moved them like I have And if you've moved them like I have then you should know where they're at obviously because you move them So really that's all there is to it when it comes to actually creating an alias So let's get to the meat and potatoes of the video and I will show you some of my favorite aliases So this is my aliases.txt file and like I said all of these are sourced into my dot zsh rc file So they're all executed every time zsh rc is run, which is every time you start the computer So some of my favorite ones. So a lot of these are for Times when I mistype something so for example this one here if I were to mistype pwd It would automatically correct and do the right command I don't do it that often obviously But it is definitely something that I've done in the FET past this one here I do all the time if you forget to put a space between CD dot dot Yeah, I have it set so that I actually correct in this CD space dot dot I do that all the time by forgetting to hit the space bar. So that's one that I use These are probably my two most used commands even though they're not appropriately in the right section Basically, this one here uninstall something. So if I were to uninstall Say an application that I had installed be previously that I no longer need So I just do on in and then the name of the program that I want to install the package that I want to uninstall Very easy. I also use install all the time basically It just prevents me from having to type in pseudo DNF install all the time. I just do install Discord or whatever happens to be and it just installs it instead of me having to type all that stuff out So those are my problem. Those are probably my two most used aliases all the time This one here is actually pretty new this one here at the top and I think this is pretty clever because a lot of time Is when you are in a terminal, you want to know what the the work the current working directory is so let's say you've been working in the terminal for a while and You need to know where you're at or you don't have a prompt or whatever that tells you where you're at or whatever the situation is You want to know what the current working directory happens to be so you do PWD and it will print the working directory that you're in But a lot of times I don't actually need to know what working directory I'm in I Want to copy that thing to the clipboard so that I can use the path of the working directory somewhere else So either you know, I'm writing something or I'm scripting or whatever I need to use the actual path of the place where I'm in I don't want to have to go to my mouse Highlight that copy it. No instead what I've done is just I've aliased PWD so that every time it's run It will print the working directory, but it will also put that into X clip. Now. I'm looking at this now I'm probably could solve that just by piping it automatically into this without the double and so I'll fix that later But the idea here is that every time I run PWD the clipboard will also have a copy of the current working directory Also, so that I can then paste it wherever I need to be if I don't need it from just wanting the working directory I can just ignore the clipboard part of it. It doesn't hurt anything But if I do need it, it's automatically saved to the clipboard. I like that a lot Like I said, I can simplify that now that I look at it I don't know why I did that way I was being dumb But anyways, that is a really cool alias that I just added. It's really cool As I can say it's really cool to say that a lot. I don't know why I said it that way Anyways, I also have these here for get so I can do get add get push and get commit just by using GA GP and GM I'm pretty sure I stole those from arco several. These are actually from arco So if they look familiar just know that that's the case Mainly because I didn't really start using aliases until I was using arco So some of them came over from that config file. So Another one that I've done a lot is Any directory that I cd into a lot so the fanfic directory that I have Unfortunately, they're not very well organized. So I also have one for like doing going to my zshrc I into them into that I have one for cd into my scripts folder into my get things folder Into My knit not them which actually can be a knit dot lula now because I don't use the net of them anymore So I can change that Cool. So I have a whole bunch of those where I can Use it just a very short command to cd into several different directories, which is nice I have one here for Image magic, which will allow me to convert images from one place to another That doesn't work on fedora because image magic doesn't work on fedora So I could actually use ffmpeg to do that. I could so I should change that this one here is for any time I do an upgrade so it uses top grade and it will Basically update everything on my system. I just use up and then it will upgrade everything You've seen me use this one here in many of my Videos where I just use v for vim and basically that's an alias for nvim So I don't have to type in that the whole time. I also have this one here for When I want to Extract a tar ball So I just use utar and then the path to the tar ball And I don't have to remember all of the flags that go along with the tar command Because no one remembers what those flags are supposed to do So I just have them here permanently and I just use utar which is way easier to remember I have one for samba to restart my samba server so that if I make changes to smb.com file It will restart it or actually I think that that was originally created When I couldn't get samba to start on its own so I had to run that command at the beginning But that's no longer the case. I have a couple that use term down. So these are for when I do writing And I want to basically write for a certain amount of time and I want a timer so term down is basically A timer for the terminal. I don't have it installed right now. Otherwise, I'd show you basically it it takes the Command here. So in this case 20 minutes and it counts down to zero And then what I've done is it echoes obviously word sprint done But also we'll play a sound in my headphones. So this this is just they Path to a sound that's stored on your computer and it will play in my headphones. So that's really cool as well So let's see here. What else do I have? So these two here are replacements for ls and la Basically, it just uses exa as a replacement for ls. I use exa. So you've probably seen me do this before So if I do an ls here, basically, this is just running exa And that gives me the fancy layout here the colors and the icons. That's exa So if you've ever wondered what that is, that's exa and it's available basically everywhere I also have this one here that I don't use anymore because I have an arcing script But if I were to actually looks at like I haven't even used it since November 2021 Which is I'm honestly surprised that that it's that recent to be honest with you because I've had an arcing script for a long time But I used to run back up like so And it would just be an alias for rsync. So I could actually change this to my other thing now. So that's rsync sh I don't know that that's any easier than just typing arcing sh But if I wanted to use backup, I could probably just change this then to be you Do you like so? I don't know if I already have a b but we'll see if that works later on I also have c for clear because if I've ever wanted to clear terminal So if I go here and I want to clear this terminal There's many different ways you can you can clear you can write clear like so If you can spell it as obviously I can't or you can control l I just do c and it clears the thing It's one. It's one key press less than doing control l And it's not nearly as many as writing the whole word. So that's kind of cool I don't actually don't use it that often. I've just gotten used to control l but It's there So those are my favorite aliases and you've seen basically all the aliases that I have most of them are for easy Moving between different files So if I wanted to go to my you know, my main repo or my pictures folder or my aliases or whatever happens to be Most of them are to move around the file system And that just makes it easier to move around the file system. So I don't have to type out the whole paths So it's just easier that way Honestly, my favorite ones that I use are the install and backup and the The upgrade ones those are the ones that I use most often And it just keeps me from having to do all the fiddly stuff with sudo and dnf and stuff You know and just saves me a whole bunch of times And that's really what aliases are all about is saving you time keeping you from having to type in a whole bunch of extra stuff because you've created these small Basically shortcuts to all of the commands that you use now Here's where I gave you a warning and this warning came to me from my good friend terminal for life He when he had his youtube channel proclaimed loud and wide That you would regret having aliases and it's true If you get used to using v for vim Let's just say and then you go to using a new system That doesn't have that alias You're going to be very upset because it very quickly becomes muscle memory Like I use v for vim on every system that I have And when I either reinstall a distro or I use a new distro or whatever and it doesn't have that alias I'm always typing v for vim even though that alias doesn't exist It's kind of like when the power goes out and I think everybody has done this And when your power goes out and you walk into the bathroom, what's the first thing you do? You switch on the light switch even though you know That the power is gone, right? If you've been without power for like four or five days Like even then the first thing you do no matter what even if it's been a while You flip that light switch even though you know that nothing's gonna happen. It's kind of like that So use aliases with caution. They're they're really really powerful and I don't regret You know using them But just know that there is a pitfall there that if you get used to using the aliases And then you use a system that doesn't have them that can be a problem So just kind of keep that in mind. So In the comment section below, I'd love to hear what your favorite aliases are Probably many of them are going to be like mine, but if you have some really cool ones to share I'd love to hear from you Just be cautious when it comes to using symbols and stuff like that in the comment section below because YouTube likes to delete those kind of comments. So just if your youtube comment gets deleted know that I didn't do it So, uh, that's it for this video. You can follow me on mass designer odyssey those links to be in the video description You can support me on patreon at patreon.com slash the linux cast links for youtube in libera pay will be in the video description as well Thanks to everybody who does support me on patreon youtube. You guys are all Absolutely amazing without you the challenge. There's not be anywhere near where it is right now So thank you so very very much for your support. I truly do appreciate it. You guys are just awesome So thank you so very much for your support. Thanks everybody for watching. I'll see you next time You