Good morning everyone. Welcome to this inauguration program. Thank you professor for inviting me. It's a great pleasure and honor to be here to launch this historic event. I will give a brief overview of some of the activities that are happening in the mission and also at IIT Bombay and I would like to explain how some of you can participate. In fact, it will be a dream if all of you can participate in this mission. So the outline of the talk is as follows. I will give a brief overview of C-Deep. The head of C-Deep professor Tembe is not around. So I thought I would give a couple of, show a couple of slides and summarize the activities of C-Deep in a few minutes. But the main focus of my talk is on the National Mission on Education through ICT. I would like to talk about the projects undertaken at IIT Bombay through this mission. I want to spend some time depending on the time available, importance of the open source software for our country and then I would like to include this invitation for proposals as a part of this outline just to emphasize that we are here to also to tell you about the mission and to solicit your proposals for the mission. So these are the objectives to include all of this. The reason why I want to talk about the projects is to tell you what kind of projects are funded by the mission and the open source software is extremely important. I want to spend some time on that. So here is a brief summary of C-Deep, Center for Distance Engineering Education program. Through C-Deep we transmitted 25 to 35 courses every semester during the last four semesters. We covered, we transmitted a total of more than 100 courses in the last two years amounting to about 5000 hours of lectures. More importantly these were transmitted completely free of cost. These were made available through satellite, ADUSAT the same thing that is used just now and also through webcast so that those who do not have access to ADUSAT can also access these courses. This is a view graph showing the statistics. It has taken some time for us to gain experience and in the last two years we transmitted the last semester is not shown here. This is also about 25 courses. A course means a subject in the university lingo. It is a course consists of 40 lectures. It ends at the end of the semester with a final exam. These courses were made available through video and demand to our students, to the students at IAT Bombay and you can see the number of hits versus the month. You can see in November of last year 2008 16,000 hits. This was during the exam time. There were 35 courses transmitted and then we transmitted 25 courses in the next semester and you can see in the month of April 12,000 hits. Now these correspond to the months in which the exam took place. So there were people are looking at these courses, recorded courses during the exam time or just before the exam time repeatedly. And we have similar statistics for November 2009 as well. I have not included it here. We would like to make these courses available through video and demand to the outside people and we are exploring the possibilities of making these courses available for about 200 rupees per course through DVDs. By the way the funding for the entire operation has come through the National Mission on Education through ICT and we are extremely thankful for that. So let me just spend some time on the National Mission on Education through ICT. It is launched by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India and the objective is to raise the levels of education in India. The outlay for this is rupees 4600 crore out of which 40 percent is reserved for content generation. What is meant by content generation? I will explain in the next couple of slides. 60 percent of the money is reserved for bandwidth to establish the infrastructure, the bandwidth, hardware and so on. The idea is to provide good bandwidth to every one of the colleges around including private colleges, government colleges, university departments, universities and so on. This is the largest and most ambitious plan and it is likely to continue in the next plan period as well. As you all know that we have another two years and four months in the current plan period and then we are doing well in this mission as of now and it is expected to gather further momentum and we hope that it will continue in the next plan period that is another five years after 2012. These are the 18 line items that I mentioned earlier. NPTEL, PG classes, UG classes, digitization, e-books, quality assurance, pedagogical methods, language converter and translation toolkit, virtual labs and then certification, testing modules, virtual technological university. By the way, the ones in blue are the ones IIT Bombay is involved in, low cost access devices. If things go according to the plan within about a year or so, we should be able to see 20-dollar access devices which are almost like laptops that will give connectivity to most of our children including the poor children and also those in rural areas. Talk to a teacher to provide a substitute for coaching for the economically poor students. So, this is the one that has funded C-Deep's activities. This is the one that is also funding Professor Phatek's course, namely the course, the 1000 teacher training program. Read this. Talk to a teacher to provide a substitute for coaching for the economically poor students. So, this is the way it appears in the mission document. So, we cannot be more explicit than this and then robotics and this is also another crucial thing. I want to spend a few minutes on this. Adaptation and deployment of open source simulation packages equivalent to MATLAB, ORCAD, etc. Once again, this is the way it appears in the mission document. ERP system and then teacher training, conversion dubbing and then vocational educational modules. So, these are the 18 line items on which the mission will fund project proposals at the college level from everyone in the country including those who come from private engineering colleges. For that matter, sorry, I mentioned engineering colleges. It is not restricted to engineering alone. It is level arts, sciences, law, medicine, agriculture, everything is included. As a matter of fact, two weeks ago, someone from Trinnel Valley made a presentation on criminology and the Standing Committee was extremely happy to see such a proposal and recommended a pilot. Necessary conditions for a project to be funded by this mission are given here. It should be related to education for research. Other sources are available. It should be inter-institutional. Any material developed through this mission has to be delivered as open source. This is extremely important. Inter-institutional says that for joint projects, the funding chance are higher. It should belong to one of the 18 line items mentioned earlier. No funding will be provided for infrastructure development. For example, you cannot say that I want to put up a building. Please give me money. I want to buy 100 PCs. Give me money. It will always be in the form of clear deliverables. I want to create so many courses. I want to train so many teachers. I want to train so many government officials. I want to train number of students, so on and so forth. At this point, I would also like to mention that the proposal through this, I am not sure whether I have it in the next slide. Let me see it. If so, I have it here. So, the administration of the mission is given here. The mission director is Mr. N. K. Sina, joint secretary distance learning training. We must be the first country to have such a high level position for distance education. He is a great administrator. In fact, I am extremely pleased to be working on this mission. The administrative structure is as follows. There is a project approval board, which is chaired by the secretary of MHRD. The steering committee, sorry, this is actually should be standing committee. There is a standing committee that meets once in two weeks, first Saturday and third Saturday of every month at 11 o'clock in Delhi. And it is chaired by the mission director Mr. N. K. Sina. The recommendation of the projects is done here and the approval is done here. I am a member of this standing committee. And of course, there are many review committees. Most of the transactions are done through internet, project submission, review, etc. happen online. The important website is saksath.ac.in. That is where all the submission takes place. When we evaluate a proposal, the person who has written the proposal has to come to Delhi and make a presentation to the standing committee. And depending on the assessment and the reviews received, the standing committee could recommend a pilot to see whether the person can actually deliver whether the things proposed in the proposal are reasonable, realistic, doable in a reasonable amount of time. And if the pilot phase is successful, then the main project is approved. So, all projects will go through the pilot phase. And we do not reject any proposal. If at the most, we will say that this proposal has to be rewritten. You have asked for infrastructure. Your deliverables are not clearly defined. Please do all of this and come back and make a presentation. The TADA for the visit is given by the ministry. So, as you can see, the objective of this proposal, of this mission, is to reach out to as many colleges as possible and also to raise the levels of education in the country. So, with this, sorry, I have some of those things are summarized here. The procedure to get the funding which I already mentioned, submit the project and also get a pilot for 6 months. It is reviewed. Pilot project is recommended. And the PI may be asked to participate in one of the already approved missions. For example, IIT Bombay will be very keen if the participating colleges, those of you who are listening to me now, can participate directly in some of our mission funded projects. In the worst case, you will be asked to rewrite the proposal. After a successful completion of the pilot project, the project is approved. So, I am glad anyway to repeat this, because this is an important summary of how this mission is administered. So, I told you that I will give you a list of the projects that happen at IIT Bombay, so as to give a flavor of this mission. The first one is empowerment of students and teachers through synchronous education. Recall the line item which said that substitute for coaching for economically poor students. So, this comes under that line item. This supports C-Deep. Empowerment of teachers is what Professor Fatak is going to, for this course, 1000 teacher training program comes under empowerment of teachers project. I will not say much about it, because the next 11 days will be spent on going through this. And Professor Fatak also has a lot of things to say. I also do not want to steal the thunder from him. So, I am going to skip this. I am going to spend some time on these, open source software effort. So, we are at IIT Bombay working on Python, Blender, Latex and Latex for Indian languages and also Sylab, Robotics, Virtual Labs, NPTEL. NPTEL is of course well known. So, I will skip this also. I want to spend some time on IIT Bombay's open source software efforts. This is extremely important given that about 900 college teachers who are going to teach computer programming will be listening to me. And if each one is going to influence 100 students, so we can see that we will be able to reach out to one like 100,000 students in no time. So, let me spend some time on this. Why should I even worry about open source software? Why should the academy worry about it? Even though the commercial software may be expensive, the students have this software access to these softwares at a low cost and sometimes even free of cost. The problem is once they go to industry, they find that some of these software, commercial software packages are not available in the industrial setting. Just to give an example, in this very classroom, I was teaching a course Embedded Systems about six months ago and there were about 25 students, mostly M. Taken PhD students in computer science. I asked the students how many of them had used SILAP and only one of them raised his hand. SILAP as you all know is a open source software package with extraordinary capabilities. They asked him, in fact I scolded him, what made you use SILAP when nobody else has used. So, he told me that he was working for a small embedded systems company that was making microcontrollers, embedded systems for high tech applications like washing machines, air conditioners, ovens, refrigerators, mobile phones and so on and so forth. And it is a small company, high value added, highly profitable, started by technocrats, entrepreneurs but unfortunately the turnover was very small and a copy of the equivalent commercial software would cost that company 2.5 crore, which is of the order of 600,000 dollars. So, that company told him that software is not available and this fellow had two options, one is not to use any software or to use SILAP, which is the open source software, he decided to use the open source software SILAP, he found it to be extremely good.  So, it is that during a raid one of an Italian company was found in one machine in an Italian company, they found an illegal copy of one famous software company, a commodity software company's product and so the moment it was caught, they had to pay back at penal rates even though it was found on only one machine, they counted the total number of installations, PC installations in that location and all over the world and counter by per cost copy and finally this company ended up paying 20 million dollars as damages. So, in our case, in our embedded systems company example, if this company uses it legally, it could even result in supposing they have 10 PCs in that location, 10 into 2.5, so 225 crore may have to be paid as damages and otherwise they do not pay the CEO, CIO, CTO and so on may have to go to jail, company will close down and so on. So, what happens is reliance on commercial software packages that are extremely expensive, some of these are 100 times expensive or 1000 times expensive, reliance on them makes our SME small and medium enterprises at a great disadvantage. So, there is no alternative to open source software at all if we want to advance our country. So, I want to spend a few minutes on spoken tutorials, the problem with open source software is the documentation is very poor, what I will do is because of lack of time, not sure I probably will run out of time otherwise. I will talk about this open source software with a demo and so on, if I get an opportunity later on in this course, let me just say that spoken tutorial is nothing but a procedure to capture an activity that happens on the screen. So, you can conduct a tutorial and you can give your commentary and you can give the commentary and that commentary can be in any language of your choice. One needs just a PC headphone with audio input which will cost 100 to 200 rupees and the recording can be played back on a PC as a movie. I will give a brief illustration of this. So, here I have So, in this the speaker talks about a product called Cam Studio that can be used to record what happens in on the screen, she has captured a screen of this size. I told you that it can be in any language. In fact, what we did was after creating this spoken tutorial which is which runs for about 10 minutes. In 10 minutes, she explains how to use this Cam Studio using which you can create spoken tutorials on Windows. Then we announced a dubbing competition and got it dubbed. In a matter of three to four days, we dubbed this into several languages. For example, let me just show this. So, Hindi, the important thing to notice is the video is still in English. Only the spoken part is enough. So, from the IIT Bombay, I welcome you to this tutorial. Behind every one of this is a link because of shortage of time. I will not go to that. Let me show you Marathi. You will see that the Marathi voice is probably the best because she also happens to be a dubbing artist. So, there is no need for the dubbing to be so.  So, I was just telling that the dubbed one can even be better than the original because you suppress the audio and redo the entire audio. So, here is one on Tamil. Okay. So, it is, it creates small files. It is inexpensive to create, inexpensive to access and the running commentary as I mentioned can be in any language. All children, poor, rural, etc, can participate. The 80 to 90 percent of the public who are now left out, left out can also start contributing to the IIT movement. The tragedy of the IIT revolution in India is that it has completely bypassed people who do not know English. So, which is about 90 percent of the public. So, I strongly believe that through this technology, we can bring them also into fold and they can also start contributing. The original tutorial can be in Marathi, in Hindi, Bengali, Bhojpuri and so on that can be dubbed into other languages later on. Using English video with local languages, I believe that it will greatly improve the employment opportunities for our children. So, other in about 5 minutes, I will just give a brief summary of the thrust areas, open source software packages. We are also going to take this up in through spoken tutorials. Sylab I had already mentioned. By the way, the French space research CNES which is the equivalent of our ISRO uses Sylab exclusively in one of the talks in which I the talk that I chaired in July this year, French an official of this agency gave a talk. He went on talking about usage of Sylab in their research work and I asked him, is there any application for which they do not use Sylab? Adi's answer was no, they use Sylab for everything. By the way, they launch Ariane satellites, Ariane rockets. They launch some of our satellites in the early part of ISRO. They probably do it even now. So, if they can use Sylab, we can also do this. Latex is another activity we are undertaking. We have also created a DVD which we will be glad to make available to you. Through this, we have created lots of spoken tutorials and we have already assigned the task of dubbing all of this into Hindi and Marathi and Malayalam is in pipeline. We hope to translate dub all of these spoken tutorials in all our Indian languages and we want to extend this activity for several other open source initiatives as well. For example, Linux it can be done. Open source, open office it can be done. Python which is an important activity at IIT Bombay, we would extend it to Python as well and then we are in the process of building a social networking site for spoken tutorials and so, this is some of the procedures. I will skip these. In fact, we have some couple of designs. One of our BTEC students has designed this. We hope to go on stream soon. I would like to conclude this talk with the open source hardware. You can see a picture of this. I also brought one of this here. So, it is actually, it is a very small one. I just lifted it. What does it do? This system can be used to control the temperature of a plant by heating with a current, by cooling with a fan. You can see that there is a fan here. There is a heater here. It has an Atmega 16 microcontroller. The objective of this system is to control a plant. The plant is a small blade that is here. The temperature of this blade is sensed through AD 590, which is a temperature sensor and this microcontroller has analog inputs and outputs and it has a USB interface and also a serial interface and it has power supply. You can see it here. You can see the power supply. So, this is a low cost device with a time constant of the order of 40 seconds. So, it can be used in lots of different courses and the important thing is that it is available for only 2400 rupees and the design is available as open source with bill of material. So, in case your college decides to download and build it yourself, it will cost only 1000 rupees, only 20 dollars. For a limited time, we can make this unit available, make this unit available to you free of cost if you can come up with a project idea on how you will use it. Once again, all the activities that I mentioned here are funded by the National Mission on Education through ICT. One of the reasons for talking about this is to give you a flavor of the projects that are funded by the mission to invite you to write proposals to the mission and also that you will participate directly with IIT Bombay's faculty members. We welcome participation from all of you. By the way, this is part of a bigger initiative called Virtual Labs, the unit that I showed. People can try it remotely and if they are happy with its use, they can acquire sufficient numbers of it for hands-on training. They can build a whole lab using this instrument. We have carried out a large number of experiments using this device and we are in the process of creating about a 250 page manual that will go with this. We have created a Moodle site with a discussion forum where the people who are using this can interact with us and they can also come up with their own experiments. So with this, I come to the end of my brief presentation. The open source efforts are not only idealistic, but make a lot of economic and commercial sense as well. It has a potential to empower all Indian children to collaborate and make us a developed nation. Some of you may think that this is an overstatement that just by software, can we do this? The point is that software is going to drive the future and the problem, the tragedy as I mentioned is that we have left out the 90 percent of our public. We definitely know that if we don't take them along, we will never be a developed nation. So you may consider this as a wishful thinking, that's okay. If you bring them all in, then everybody will have access to this powerful technology, IT. So we are going to use it everywhere to book a ticket, to check the weather, to use mobile, to talk to somebody, all kinds of things you cannot do without IT in the future. I strongly believe that if we empower all our children to use IT, we will definitely become a developed nation. And of course, the National Mission on Education through ICT is based on the open source principle and I am glad to know that this entire course, 1000 teacher training program will be made available as open source. You will be able to download it, you will be able to modify it, you will be able to add your own content to that, you will be able to dub it. Somebody in fact wrote to me last night at 11.45 from Kerala, they would want to replace the sea with python. I said we will be delighted, please dub it, please bring in python and so on, we will be more than happy to include you as our partners. So with this, I would like to conclude my talk and I am really delighted as I mentioned earlier that you are all here. As Professor Fatak mentioned, there are going to be differences in the way we communicate through Edusat. There could be small dealers, I request you to be patient and you may also want, there are also some rules that you may want to follow. It will take some time for you to figure out, but hopefully you will do the one of the things I would want to point out because this is something I noticed during the trial period when Professor Fatak ran trials here. It is a good idea for all the remote centers to keep your mic muted except when you talk. If you keep your mic also on and if it is not properly positioned, then our transmission will pick up your echoed signal. In fact, you will see a big echo and that will affect not only you, but all the centers in the network.  When you talk please turn it on and talk and so that will minimize the echo. So let me conclude this talk. This is my email address. I would welcome your comments on the talk that I presented. If you have questions on the mission, also I will be glad to answer them. So best wishes to all of you. Thank you.


Rwy'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio i'r hoffi Josephine Hart. Mae'n gweithio i'r hoffi Josephine. Mae'n gweithio i'r hoffi Elizabeth McGovern, Lillie James, ac Freddy Fox i'r hoffi i'r hoffi i'r hoffi.  Mae ni wneud y bod, brun yn ddiogel. Mae Dwi'r Hyffaith John byddion tal yoursis. So, now on to on first looking into Chapman's Homer. On first looking into Chapman's Homer. Much have I travelled in the realms of gold, and many goodly states and kingdoms seen. Round many western islands have I been, which bards infieldy to Apollo hold. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told that deep-browed Homer ruled as his domain. Yet did I never breathe its pure serene till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold. Then felt I like some watcher of the skies when a new planet swims into his ken, or like stout quarters when with eagle eyes he stared at the Pacific and all his men looked at each other with a wild surmise, silent upon a peak in Darien. La belle dame sans merci. O what can Ailesie, knighted arms, alone and pale the loitering? The sedge has withered from the lake and no bird sing. O what can Ailesie, knighted arms, so haggered and so woe begone? The squirrel's granary is full and the harvest's done. I see a lily on thy brow with anguished, moist and fever-dew, and on thy cheeks a fading rose fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads full beautiful of fairy's child. Her hair was long, her foot was light, and her eyes were wild. I made a garland of her head and bracelets too and fragrant zone. And she looked at me as she did love and made sweet moan. I set her on my pacing steed and nothing else saw all day long. For side-long would she bend and sing a fairy song. And she found me roots of relish sweet and honey-wild and manna-dew. And sure in language strain she said, she took me to her elfen grot and there she wept and sighed full sore and there I shut her wild, wild eyes with kisses for. And there she lulled me asleep and there I dreamed, ah woe betide. The latest dream I ever dreamt on the cold hillside. I saw pale kings and princes too, pale warriors, death pale were they all. They cried la belle dame sans merci the hath in thrall. I saw their starved lips in the gloam with horrid warning gaping wide. And I awoke and found me here on the cold hillside. And this is why I saw John here alone and palely loitering. Though the sedge is withered from the lake and no bird sing. When I have fears that I may cease to be, when I have fears that I may cease to be before my pen has gleamed my teeming brain, before high-piled books in character hold like rich garners the full ripened grain. When I behold upon the night's starred face huge cloudy symbols of a high romance and think that I may never live to trace their shadows with the magic hand of chance. And when I feel fair creature of an hour that I shall never look upon thee more, never have relish in the fairy power of unreflecting love, then on the shore of the wide world I stand alone and think till love and fame to nothingness do sink. And, Dimion, a thing of beauty is a joy forever. Its loveliness increases. It will never pass into nothingness, but still will keep a bower quiet for us and a sleep full of sweet dreams and health and quiet breathing. Therefore, on every morrow, are we breathing a flowery band to bind us to the earth spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth of noble natures, of the gloomy days, of all the unhealthy and awe-darkened ways made for our searching, yet in spite of all, some shape of beauty moves away the pawl from our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon, trees old and young sprouting a shady boon for simple sheep, and such are daffodils with the green world they live in and clear rills that for themselves a cooling covert against the hot season. The mid forest break rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms. And such too is the grandeur of the dooms we have imagined for the mighty dead. All lovely tales that we have heard or read, an endless fountain of immortal drink pouring unto us from heaven's brink. Nor do we merely feel these essences for one short hour.  Shelley I always go on until I'm stopped and I am never stopped. Shelley was himself tameless and swift and proud, his stirring line from Ode to the West Wing, wind. He started as he meant to go on an incandescent child sometimes literally attempting to heal blanes by means of electrical experiment. The family cat a less lucky victim, blowing up his desk at Eaton where he was known as Mad Shelley. Mercilessly bullied he too became a savager fighter as Keats. He was sent down from Oxford for writing the necessity of atheism, the first public avowal of atheism in England and whom did Shelley send his dangerous indeed potentially trecherous document? Why to the bishops of course. His father, Sir Timothy Shelley MP for Horsham was horrified and sent his communications via legal channels and a furious Shelley disinherited himself. He found consolation with the Westbrook family and ran away with their daughter Harriet aged 16 with whom he had two children. An advocate of free love in his infamous Queen Mab, he nevertheless wrote that love seemed inclined to stay in prison alas it would escape. He fell madly in love this time the phrase is parencically accurate with Mary Godwin also aged 16 the brilliant daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft author of a vindication of the rights of women. Some years later as Mary Shelley staying with Shelley and Byron in his villa Diodati on Lake Geneva rise to the challenge that they each write a supernatural tale and gift us the Gothic masterpiece Frankenstein. Throughout his passionate and often tragic life poor Harriet drowned herself in the serpentine and her family disputed Shelley's rights to his children who were fostered. Mary and Shelley lost two of their three children Clara aged one and William aged three. Shelley kept on writing mostly without encouragement from a literary establishment which despised him. Our excerpt from Adonneus contains his savage attack on the critic Lockhart and verses that read like a hymn to the dead Keats numbered now by Shelley with the kings of thought. The Mask of Anarchy a Miltonian hymn to freedom was Shelley's inspiring reaction to the shocking Peterloo massacre in 1819 when many unarmed protesters were killed and over 500 injured. The early searing verses suffused with rage slowly calm as a mist, a light, an image rose small at first and weak and frail like the vapor of a veil. Absolute genius. The Eternal Ozymandias was written as a result of a challenge after a visit to the British Museum's Egyptian exhibition. Shelley was in the midst of writing The Triumph of Life the most despairing poem of true eminence in the language and how Dante would have sounded had he written in English according to Harold Bloom. Last line then what is life? Happy those for whom the fold of he put his pen down and joined his boat, the Don Jewin named in honour of Byron. It went down in a storm the Bay of Lerici 1822 he was 29 years old when his body was recovered a copy of Keats Hyperion was found in his pocket he was cremated on the sands and his heart wouldn't burn and that's the essence of Shelley buried beside Keats in Rome his heart was indestructible or Gordium heart of hearts reads his gravestone probably literature's most truthful epitaph. Adonais Our Adonais has drunk poison oh what death and viparous murderer could crown life's early cup with such a draught of woe the nameless worm would now itself disown felt yet could escape the magic tone whose prelude held all envy, hate and wrong but what was howling in one breast alone silent with expectation of the song whose master's hand is cold whose silver lyre unstrum live thou whose infamy is not thy fame, live fear no heavier chastisement from me thou noteless blot on a remembered name but be thyself and know thyself to be and ever at thy season be thou free to spill the venom when thy fangs or a flow remorse and self contempt shall cling to thee hot shame shall burn upon thy secret brow and like a beaten hwn tremble thou shalt as now he is made one with nature there is heard his voice in all her music from the moan of thunder to the song of night's sweet bird he is a presence to be felt and known in darkness and in light from urban stone spreading itself where ere that power may move which has withdrawn his being to its own which wields the world with never wearyed love sustains it from beneath and kindles it above he is a portion of the loveliness which once he made more lovely he despair his part while the one spirit's plastic stress sweeps through the dull dense world compelling there all new successions to the forms they wear torturing the unwilling dros that checks its flight to its own likeness as each mass may bear and bursting in its beauty and its might from trees and breasts and men into the heavens light or go to Rome which in the sepulchre oh not of him but of our joy it is nought that ages empires and religions there lie buried in the ravage they have wrought for such as he can lend they borrow not glory from those who made the world their prey and he is gathered to the kings of thought to waged contention with their first times decay and of the past are all that cannot pass away the mask of anarchy as I lay asleep in Italy there came a voice from earth sea and with great power it forth led me to walk to the visions of posey I met murder on the way he had a mask like castle ray very smooth he looked yet grim seven bloodhounds followed him all were fat and well they might be an admirable plight for one by one and two by two he tossed them human hearts to chew which from his wide cloak he drew next came fraud he had on like eldon and ermind gown his big tears for he wept well turned to millstones as they fell and the little children who round his feet played to and fro thinking every tear a gem had their brains knocked out by them clothed with the bible as with light and the shadows of the night like Sidmouth next hypocrisy on a crocodile rode by in this ghastly mascarade all disguised even to the eyes like bishops, lawyers, peers or spies last came anarchy he rode on a white horse splashed with blood he was pale even to the lips like death in the apocalypse and he wore a kingly crown and on in his grasp a scepter shone on his brow this mask I saw I am god and king and law with a pace stately and fast over English land he passed trampling to a mire of blood the adoring multitude and a mighty troop around with their trampling shook the ground waving each a bloody sword for the service of their lord and with glorious triumph drew England proud and gay drunk as with intoxication of the wine of desolation oer fields and towns from sea to sea passed the pageant swift and free tearing up and trampling down till they came to London town and each dweller panic stricken felt his heart with terror sicken hearing the tempestuous cry of the triumph of anarchy for with pomp to meet him came clothed in arms like blood and flame the hired murderers who did sing thou art god and law and king we have waited weak and lone for thy coming mighty one our purses are empty our swords are cold give us glory and blood and gold lawyers and priests a motley crowd to the earth their pale brows bowed like a bad prayer not over loud whispering thou art law and god they all cried with one accord thou art king and god and lord anarchy to thee we bow be thy name made holy now and anarchy the skeleton bowed and grinned to everyone as well as if his education had cost ten millions to the nation for he knew the palaces of our kings his deceptor crown and globe and the gold in woven robe so he sent his slaves before to seas upon the bank and tower and was proceeding with intent to meet his penchant parliament when one fled past a maniac made and her name was Hope she said but she looked more like despair and she cried out in the air my father time is weak and grey with waiting for a better day see how idiot like he stands ffumbling with his palsied hands he has had child after child and the dust of death is piled over every one but me misery oh misery then she laid down in the street right before the horse's feet expecting with a patient eye murder, fraud and anarchy when between her and her foes a mist, a light an image rose small at first and weak and frail like the vapor of the veil till as clouds grow on the blast like tower crowned giants striding fast and glare with lightnings as they fly and speak in thunder to the sky it grew a shape a raid in mail brighter than the viper's scale and upborn on wings whose grain was as the light of sunny rain on its helm seen far away a planet like the morning's lay and those plumes at light rained through like a shower of crimson dew with step as soft as wind it passed all the heads of men so fast that they knew the presence there and looked but all was empty air as flowers beneath maize footsteps waken as stars from night loose hairs are shaken as waves arise when loud winds call thoughts sprung where air that stepped it for and the prostrate multitude looked an ankle deep in blood hope that made in most serene was walking with a quiet mean an anarchy the ghastly birth lay dead earth upon the earth the horse of death tameless as wind fled and with his hooves did grind to dust the murderers thronged behind a rushing light of clouds and splendour a sense awakening and yet tender was heard and felt and at its close these words of joy and fear arose as if their own indignant earth which gave the sons of England birth had felt their blood upon her brow and shuddering with a mother's throw had turned every drop of blood by which her face had been bedewed to an accent unwithstood as if her heart had cried aloud men of England heirs of glory heroes of unwritten story nurslings of one mighty mother hopes of her and one another rise like lions after slumber in unvanquishable number shake your chains to earth like dew which in sleep had fallen on you ye are many they are few nice try Ozimandius I met a traveller from an antique land who said two vast and trunkless legs of stone stand in the desert near them on the sand half sunk a shattered visage lies whose frown and wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command tell that it sculpt her well those passions red which yet survived stamped on those lifeless things the hand that mocked them the heart that fed and on the pedestal these words appear my name is Ozimandius King of Kings look on my works ye mighty and despair nothing beside remains round the decay of that colossal wreck boundless and bare the lone and level sands stretch far away Byron I will cut a sway through the world or perish in the attempt Byron aged 16 well he cut a sway to the world and perished in the attempt his death in 1824 aged 36 from fever at myselongi in his heroic attempt at the head of his personally financed army to free Greece from Turkish rule through all of Europe into mourning Macaulay compared him to Napoleon Bertrand Russell's history of western philosophy would dedicate an entire chapter to Byron he would inspire painters Delacroix, musicians, bellios, writers Pushkin, Nietzsche, Goethe the Brontes the poetry and the personality created the Byronic myth how on earth did all this happen the world they say bows to a committed will and the boy born with a call over his head and a club foot which would in time necessitate an iron brace to Catherine Gordon the Laird of Geit and to mad Jack Byron father of his half sister Augusta and from whom he would inherit aged 10 the Gothic masterpiece Newstead Abbey had a formidable will starving himself into physical beauty to become one of the great seduces of his time of both men and women Byron was aware the price for women was higher man's love is of man's life a thing apart it is woman's whole existence he also believed and was loathed for it that women were as sexually voracious as men I'd like to know who's been ravished he once cried when accused again of promiscuity I've been more ravished myself than anybody since the Trojan War the mocked cripple at Harrow also a fighter became a legendary swimmer swimming the helispont in under two hours and above all the supposed dilettante who was in fact an obsessive student of the classics took his natural gifts of fluency and dashed into poetry with a publication of Child Harrod's Pilgrimage based on his often dangerous travels in Turkey Albania and Malta Byron awoke aged 24 and as he said himself I found myself famous the verses we have chosen in their contempt tell of the price of the vaunting ambition of the madman who has made men mad Stunthal may have described Byron as the unique object of his own attention however he was now the object of adoring fans including infamously lady Caroline Lamb married who when she first saw him declared him to be mad, bad and dangerous to know and walked away alas not for long our obsession destroyed her Byron married cool brilliant mathematician Lady Annabelle Milbank not a marriage made in heaven Byron declaring on their wedding night my god I'm in hell for the red drape surrounding the bed his wife left him within a year taking their daughter Ada with her amidst rumours of sexual abuse within the marriage which itself was often a bizarre mannage à toi with Augusta Byron's deeply loved half sister Caroline Lamb's accusations of homosexuality against Byron a serious criminal offence at the time forced Byron to flee England like Shelley he wrote on his output prodigious Plays, Manfred, the two Foscari translated by Goethe an Armenian dictionary an atoriously difficult language to master and of course poetry of Byron's final masterpiece Don Jewin Eliot said it is full of emotion the emotion is hatred hatred of hypocrisy Byron said of his poem it may be profligate but it is not life is it not the thing it certainly is our selection tells of the adolescent Jewin's slow seduction of Julia 23 married to Alfonso alas 50 and at 50 love for love is rare so we'll go no more a roving few have written a gentler sweeter poem about the inevitable because of his scandalous past Byron was refused burial at Westminster Abbey in St Paul's he was finally entered in the family vault at Newston Abbey ordinary people fronged the streets in tribute as the cortege moved from town to town he was buried as a nobleman and not as a poet as he was a peer many sent their carriages many were empty he knew his country well to Child's Herald from Child's Herald's pilgrimage canto the third excerpts but quiet to quick bosoms is a hell and there had been thy bane there is a fire and motion of the soul that will not dwell in its own narrow being but aspire beyond the fitting medium of desire and but once kindled quenchless evermore praise upon high adventure nor can tire of ought but rest a fever at the core fatal to him who bears to all who ever bore this makes the madmen mad by their contagion conquerors and kings founders of sects and systems to whom add soffists bards, statesmen all unquiet things which stir too strongly the soul's secret springs and are themselves the fools to whose they fool envied yet how unenviable what stings are theirs one breast laid open were a school which would unteach mankind the lust to shine or rule their breath is agitation and their life a storm whereon they ride to sink at last and yet so nursed and bigoted to strife that should their days surviving perils past melt to calm twilight they feel overcast with sorrow and supine-ness and so die even as a flame unfed which runs to waste with its own flickering or a sword laid by which eats into itself and rusts ingloriously he who ascends to mountaintops shall find the loftiest peaks most wrapped in clouds and snow he who surpasses or subduws mankind must look down on the hate of those below though high above the sun of glory glow and far beneath the earth and ocean spread round him are icy rocks and loudly blow contending tempests on his naked head and thus reward the toils which to those summits led from Don Juan Canto I Don Juan and Julia Alfonso was the name of Julia's Lord a man well looking for his years and who was neither much beloved nor yet abhorred they lived together as most people do suffering each other's foibles by accord and not exactly either one or two yet he was jealous though he did not show it for jealousy dislikes the world to know it Joanne she saw and as a pretty child caressed him often such a thing might be quite innocently done and harmless styled when she had 20 years and 13 he but I'm not so sure I should have smiled when he was 16 Julia 23 these few short years make wondrous alterations particularly amongst sunburned nations love then but love within its proper limits was Julia's innocent determination in young Don Juan's favour and to him its exertion might be useful on occasion and lighted at too pure a shrine to dim its ethereal lustre with what sweet persuasion he might be taught by love and her together I really don't know what nor Julia either her plan she deemed both innocent and feasible and surely with a stripling of 16 not scandals fangs could fix or much that's feasible or if they did so satisfied to me nothing but what was good her breast was peaceable a quiet conscience makes one so serene Christians have burnt each other quite persuaded that all the apostles would have done as they did and if in the meantime her husband died but heaven forbid that such a thought should cross her brain though in a dream and then she sighed never could she survive that common loss but just suppose that moment should be tied I only say suppose it into NOS this should be untranew for Julia thought in French but then the rhyme would go for naught a real husband always is suspicious but still no less suspects in the wrong place jealous of someone who had no such wishes or pandering blindly to his own disgrace by harboring some dear friend extremely vicious the last in deeds infallibly the case and when the spouse and friend are gone off wholly he wonders at their vice and not his folly thus parents also are at times short-sighted though watchful as the links they ne'er discover the while the wicked world beholds delighted young hopefuls mistress or Miss Fanny's lover till some confounded escapade has blighted the plan of 20 years and all is over and then the mother cries the father swears and wonders why the devil he got heirs it was upon a day a summer's day summer's indeed a very dangerous season and so is spring about the end of May the sun no doubt is the prevailing reason but what's the way the cause is one may say and stand convicted of more truth than treason that there are months which nature grows more marion March has its hairs and May must have its heroin she's sate but not alone I know not well how this same interview had taken place and even if I knew I should not tell people should hold their tongues in any case no matter how or why the thing befell but there was she and Jewyn face to face when two such faces are so to be wise but very difficult to shut their eyes how beautiful she looked her conscious heart glowed in her cheek and yet she felt no wrong so love how perfect is thy mystic art strengthening the weak and trampling on the strong how self deceitful is the sages part of mortals whom I lure have led along the precipice she stood on was immense so was her creed in her own innocence she thought of her own strength and Jewyn's youth and of the folly of all prudish fears victorious virtue and domestic truth and then of Don Alfonso's 50 years I wish these last had not occurred in sooth because that number rarely much endears and through all climbs the snowy and the sunny sounds ill in love what ere it may in money when people say I've told you 50 times they mean to scold and very often do when poets say I've written 50 rhymes they make you dread that they'll recite them too and gangs of 50 thieves commit their crimes at 50 love for love is rare it is true but then no doubt it equally as true is a good deal may be bought for 50 Louis Julia had on a virtue truth and love for Don Alfonso and she only swore by all the vows below to powers above she never would disgrace the ring she wore nor leave a wish which wisdom might reproof and while she pondered this besides much more one hand on Jewyn's carelessly was thrown quite by mistake she thought it was her own unconsciously she leaned upon the other which played within the tangles of her hair and to contend with thought she could not smother she seemed by the distraction of her hair was surely very wrong in Jewyn's mother to leave together this imprudent pair she who for many years had watched her son so I'm very certain mine would not have done so the hand which still held Jewyn's by degrees gently but palpably confirmed its grasp as if it said detain me if you please yet there's no doubt she only meant to clasp his fingers with the purest platonic squeeze she would have shrunk as from a toad or asp had she imagined such a thing could rouse a feeling dangerous to a prudent spouse and Julia sate with Jewyn half embraced and half retiring from the glowing arm which trembled like the bosom where it was placed yet still she must have thought there was no harm or else to her easy to withdraw her waist and then the situation had its charm and then God knows what next I can't go on I'm almost sorry I have begun and Julia's voice was lost except in size until too late for useful conversation the tears were gushing from her gentle eyes I wish indeed they had not had occasion but who alas can love and then be wise not that remorse did not oppose temptation a little still she strove and much repented and whispering I will never consent consented so we'll go no more eroving so late into the night though the heart be still as loving and the moon be still as bright for the sword out wears its sheath and the soul wears out the breast and the heart was and the heart must pause to breathe and love itself have rest though the night was made for loving and the day returns too soon yet we'll go no more eroving by the light of the moon


We gonna do crock pot version ribs and we gonna do them in the oven. Look at the way that barbecue set on the top. That right there is what you want. You see this right here? I always talk about having chef choice, right? Hey, cheers, y'all. Woo-hoo.


From the SiliconANGLE Media office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Dave Vellante. Everyone and welcome to this week's episode of Wikibon's CUBE Insights powered by ETR. In this breaking analysis, we take a deeper dive into the world of robotic process automation, otherwise known as RPA. It's one of the hottest sectors in software today. In fact, Gartner says it's the fastest growing software sector that they follow. In this session, I want to break down three questions. One, is the RPA market overvalued? Two, how large is the total available market for RPA? And three, who are the winners and losers in this space? Now, before we address the first question, here's what you need to know about RPA. The market today is small, but it's growing fast. The software only revenue for the space was about $1 billion in 2019. And it's growing at between 80 to 100% annually. RPA has been very popular in larger organizations, especially in back office functions, really in regulated industries like financial services and healthcare. RPA has been successful at automating the mundane, repeatable, deterministic tasks, and most automations today are unattended. The industry is very well funded with the top two firms raising nearly $1 billion in the past couple of years. They have a combined market value of nearly $14 billion. Now, some people in the R community have said that RPA is hyped and looks like a classic pump and dump situation. We're going to look into that and really try to explore the valuation and customer data and really try to come to some conclusions there. We see big software companies like Microsoft and SAP entering the scene, and we want to comment on that a little later in this segment. Now, RPA players have really cleverly succeeded in selling to the business lines and often have bypassed IT. Now, sometimes that creates tension in organizations. As I said, customers are typically very large organizations who can shell out the $100,000 plus entry point to get into the RPA game. The TAM is expanding beyond back office into a broader automation agenda. Hyper automation is the buzzword of the day, and there are varying definitions. Gartner looks at hyper automation as the incorporation of RPA along with intelligent business process management, IBPM and I-PASS or intelligent platform as a service. Gartner's definition takes a holistic view of the enterprise incorporating legacy on-prem apps as well as emerging systems. Now, this is good, but I question whether the hyperterm applies here. As we see hyper automation as the extension of RPA to include process mining to discover new automations or new automation opportunities and the use of machine intelligence, ML and AI applied to process data, data where that combination drives intelligence analytics that further drives digital business process transformation across the enterprise. So the point is that we envision a more agile framework and definition for hyper automation. We see legacy BPM systems informing the transformation but not necessarily adjudicating the path forward. We liken this to the early days of big data where legacy data warehouses and ETL processes provided useful context, but organizations had to develop a new tech stack that broke the stranglehold of technical debt. We're seeing this emerge in the form of new workloads powered by emerging analytic databases like Redshift and Snowflake with ML tools applied and cloud driving agile insights in that so-called big data space. So we think a similar renaissance is happening here with automation really driven by the mandate for digital business transformation along with machine intelligence. And that tooling applied for really driving automation across the enterprise in a form of augmentation with attended bots at scale becoming much, much more important over time. Okay, now let's shift gears a little bit. Question, is the RPA market overhyped and overvalued? Now to answer this, let's go through a bit of a thought exercise that we've put together and look at some data. What this chart shows is some critical data points that will begin to help answer the question that we've posed. In the top part of the chart, we show the company, the VC funding, projected valuations in revenue estimates for 2019 and 2020. And as you can see, UiPath and Automation Anywhere are the hot companies right now. They're private, so much of this data is estimated but we know how much money they've raised and we know the valuations that have been reported. So the RPA software market is around a billion dollars today and we have it almost doubling in 2020. Now the bottom part of this chart shows the projected market revenue growth and the implied valuations for the market as a whole. So you can see today, we show a market that is trading at about 15 to 17 times revenue, which seems like a very high multiple, but over time we show that multiple shrinking and settling in mid-decade, just over 5x, which for software is pretty conservative, especially for high growth software. Now what we've done in this next chart is we brought down that market growth and the implied valuation data and highlighted 2025 at 75 billion dollars. The market growth will have slowed by then to 20% in this model and this thought exercise with a revenue multiple of 5.4x for the overall market. Now eventually as growth slows, RPA software will start to throw off profits, at least it better. So what we show here is a sensitivity analysis assuming a 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% EBITDA for the market as a whole, we're using that as a proxy. And we show a 20x EBIT multiple, which for a market growing, a software market growing this fast, we think is pretty reasonable. Consider that tech overall typically is going to have an EBITDA multiple of 10 to 15X. Here really it should be EV or enterprise value over EBIT. It's really a more accurate measure, but this is back in napkin, I don't know the balance sheet data, I'm not going to forecast all out, but we're trying to just sort of get to the question is, is this market overvalued? And as you can see in the FAR column, given these assumptions, we're in the range of that 75 billion dollar market valuation with that delta. Now in reality, you're going to have some companies growing faster than the market overall and we'll see a lot of consolidation in this space. But at the macro level, it would seem that the company which can lead and win the spoils is going to really benefit. Okay, so these figures actually suggest in my view that the market could be undervalued. That sounds crazy, right? But look at companies like ServiceNow and Workday and look at Snowflake's recent valuation at 12 billion dollars. So are the valuations for UiPath and automation anywhere justified? Well, in part it depends on the size of the market, the TAM, total available market, and their ability to break out of back office niches and deliver these types of revenue figures and growth. You know, maybe my forecasts are a little too aggressive in the early days, but in my experience, the traditional forecasts that we see in the marketplace tend to underestimate transformative technologies. You tend to have these sort of ogives where it takes off and really steepens and has a sharp curve and then tapers off. So we'll see. But let's take a closer look at the TAM. But first, I want to introduce a customer viewpoint. Here's Eric Lex, who's an RPA pro at GE, talking about his company's RPA journey. Play the clip. I would say in terms of our journey, 2017 was kind of our year to prove the technology. We wanted to see if this stuff could really work long term and operate at scale. Given that I'm still here, obviously we proved that was correct. And then 2018 was kind of the year of scaling and operationalizing kind of a sustainable model to support our business units across the board from an RPA standpoint. So really building out a proper structure, building out the governance that goes along with building robots and building kind of a resource team to continue to support the bots that we were at scale at that point. So maintaining those bots is critically important. That's the direction we're moving in 2019. We've kind of perfected the concept of the back office robot and the development of those and running those at scale. And now we're moving towards a whole new market share when it comes to attended automation and citizen development. So this is a story we've heard from many customers and we've tried to reflect it in this graphic that we're showing here. Start small, get some wins, prove out the tech, really in the back office and then drive customer facing activities. We see this as the starting point for more SME driven digital transformations where business line pros are rethinking processes and developing new automations. Either in low code scenarios or with centers of excellence. Now this vision of hyper automation we think comes from the ability to do process mining and identify automation opportunities and then bring RPA to the table using machine learning and AI to understand text, voice, visual context and ultimately use that process data to transform the business. This is an outcome driven model where organizations are optimizing on business KPIs and incentives are aligned accordingly. So we see this vision as potentially unlocking a very large TAM that perhaps exceeds $30 billion globally. Now let's bring in some of the spending data and take a look at what the ETR data set tells us about the RPA market. Now the first thing that jumps out at you is RPA is one of the fastest growing segments in the data set. You can see that green box and that blue dot at around 20%. That's the change in spending velocity in the 2020 survey versus last year. Now the one caveat is I'm isolating on global 2000 companies in this data set and as you can see in that red bar up on the left. Now remember RPA today is really hot in large companies but not nearly as fast growing when you analyze the overall respondent base which includes smaller organizations. Nonetheless, this chart shows net scores and market shares for RPA across all respondents. Remember net score is a measure of spending velocity and market share is a measure of pervasiveness in the survey. And what you see here is that RPA net scores are holding steadily at a nice rate and market shares are creeping up relative to other segments in the data set. Now remember this is across all companies but we want to use the ETR data to understand who is winning in this space. Now what this chart shows is net score or spending velocity on the vertical axis and market share pervasiveness on the horizontal axis for each individual player. And as we run through this sequence from January 18 survey through today across the nine surveys, look at UiPath and Automation Anywhere. But look at UiPath in particular, they really appear to be breaking away from the pack. Now here's another look at the data. It shows net scores or spending velocity for UiPath, Automation Anywhere, Blue Prism, Pegasystems and Work Fusion. Now these are all very strong net scores which are essentially calculated by subtracting the percent of customers spending less from those spending more. The two leaders here, UiPath and Automation Anywhere are strongest but the rest are actually quite good in the green. But look at this, look what happens when you isolate on the 349 global 2000 respondents in the survey. UiPath jumps into the 80% net score territory. Again, spending velocity. Automation Anywhere dips a little bit. Pegasystems interestingly jumps up nicely but look at Blue Prism, they fall back in the larger global 2000 accounts which is a bit of a concern. Now the other key point on this chart is that 85% of Ui customers and 70% of Automation Anywhere customers plan to spend more this year than they spent last year. That is pretty impressive. Now as you can see here in this chart, the global 2000 have been pretty consistent spenders on RPA for the past three survey snapshots. UiPath again showing net scores or spending intensity solidly in the 80% plus range. And even though it's a smaller end, you can see Pega with a nice uptick in the last two surveys within these larger accounts. Now finally, let's look at what ETR calls market share which is a measure of pervasiveness in the survey. This chart shows data from all 1000 plus respondents and as you can see, UiPath appears to be breaking out from the pack. Automation Anywhere and Pega are showing an uptick in the January survey and Blue Prism is trending down a little bit which is something to watch but you can see in the upper right all four companies are in the green with regard to net score or again spending velocity. So let's summarize and wrap up. Is this market overhyped? Well, it probably is overhyped, but is it overvalued? I don't think so. The customer feedback that we have in the community and the proof points are really starting to stack up. So with continued revenue growth and eventually profits, you could make the case that whoever comes out on top will really do well and see huge returns in this market space. Let's come back to that in a moment. How large is this market? I think this market can be very large. A TAM of 30 billion plus is not out of the question in my view. Now that realization will be a function of RPA's ability to break into more use cases with deeper business integration. RPA has an opportunity in our view to cross the chasm and deliver lower code solutions to subject matter experts in business lines that are in a stronger position to drive change. Now a lot of people poo poo this notion and this concept but I think it's something that is a real possibility. This idea of hyper automation is buzz-worthy but it has meaning. Companies that bring RPA together with process mining and machine intelligence that drives process analytics has great potential. If organizational stovepipes can be broken down. In other words, put process data and analytics at the core to drive decision making and change. Now who wins? Let me say this, the company that breaks out and hits escape velocity is going to make a lot of money here. Now, unlike what I said in last week's breaking analysis on cloud computing, this is more of a winner take all market. It's not a trillion dollar TAM like cloud. It's tens of billions and maybe north of 30 billion but it's somewhat of a zero sum game in my opinion. The number one player is going to make a lot of dough. Number two will do okay and in my view, everyone else is going to struggle for profits. Now the big wild card is the degree to which the big software players like Microsoft and SAP poison the RPA well. And here's what I think. I think these big software players are taking an incremental view of the market and are bundling in RPA as a check off item. They will not be the ones to drive radical process transformation. Rather they will siphon off some demand but organizations that really want to benefit from so-called hyper automation will be leaning heavily on software from specialists who have the vision, the resources, the culture and the focus to drive digital process transformation. All right, that's a wrap. As always, I really appreciate the comments that I get on my LinkedIn posts and on Twitter. I'm at at D. Volante. So thanks for that and thanks for watching everyone. This is Dave Volante for theCUBE Insights powered by ETR and we'll see you next time.


In today's video, we are going to talk about on why do cats bite? And how to stop them from biting you. It's never a good thing when your cat is biting. It's not just painful, it can potentially be dangerous if left unattended. Many cat bites require medical attention and can quickly become infected if left untreated. Declod cat. Cat biting is more common in de-clod cats. De-clod cats are more likely to bite than cats who have claws. Cat biting hand. Why does cat biting occur? So how do you prevent your cat from biting? First, identify why your cat may be biting in the first place. Cats bite because they are fearful, stressed, or frustrated. They do not act out of spite or anger. There is always a good reason, in their mind, behind the behavior. It's also important to note that de-clod cats are more likely to bite than cats who have their claws, as their main defense mechanism has been taken away. Common reasons cat bite are. Overstimulation. Early aggression or frustration. Fear, pain, and stress. Communication. Overstimulation. In order to keep yourself safe, it's important to recognize subtle cues that a cat may be becoming agitated. Many cat owners don't realize that their cat has already given them several warnings before a bite occurs. When petting and interacting with your cat, look out for. Twitching tail or skin. Flatten ears. Dilated pupils.  Stiff body. Whiskers forward. These are all signs that your cat is becoming overstimulated with too much petting or attention and needs a break. For many cats, just the act of petting and stroking can be so stimulating that it can be hard for them to calm back down and behave appropriately. Play aggression. Play aggression is most commonly seen in kittens or young adults who are the only pet in the home. Play aggression is most commonly seen in kittens or young adults who are the only pet in the home. It usually occurs when the cat has been separated from his siblings at too young an age. It's characterized by your cat ambushing your ankles as you walk around the corner or biting your hands and feet seemingly out of nowhere. When a kitten has a sibling or friend to play with they are able to teach each other how to play appropriately. When you see two kittens wrestling and squealing, they're learning from each other just how many teeth and claws are acceptable during play time. If a kitten isn't given that outlet, they have to learn bite inhibition from humans instead. Here's how to get a handle on your young cat's play biting. Avoid using your hands to play with your cat. It can be adorable to scratch your kitten's belly while they kick and bite, but when they grow up to be adult cats, that same behavior isn't cute anymore. If your cat is insistent on gnawing on your hands, have a small stuff toy on hand that you can encourage them to bite instead. If you're bitten, to the best of your ability, stay still and don't react.  Completely ignore the cat's bad behavior, and redirect their attention to an appropriate play outlet such as a feather wand instead. Repeat is necessary. Some cats will respond to a high-pitched, ouch. This sound mimics what a kitten sibling would make during too rough play. Most cats with play aggression bite out of frustration and boredom. Adding structured playtime to your routine of 15 minutes twice a day in the morning and evening can work wonders. Consider adding food puzzles and enrichment items like cat trees and cardboard boxes to your home as well. Cats love variety, so don't keep the same toys out all the time. Instead, rotate their toys and keep cats interested in their environment. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high-quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out BeemixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife to get 20% off. Fear, pain, and stress. Have you ever noticed that your cat acts differently at the vet? Your cat who is a perfect angel at home turns into a terror when you try to get him inside his carrier to go for that dreaded car ride. It's not that he's doing it on purpose, it's much more likely that he's afraid. If you put your cat into a new or scary situation, they're much more likely to bite. If you know that you have a vet visit coming up, or that there will be a major life change like a move to a new home or a new baby in the house, you can take some simple steps first to prepare your cat to make it as stress-free as possible. Teach children how to properly interact with your cat. If they are handling the cat roughly, chasing him until he feels cornered, or even just running around and being loud like kids do, your cat might feel pressured to bite. Allow your cat to have a safe spot in your home where he is not to be bothered and make sure kids and other visitors understand this. If your cat becomes very agitated when it's time to go to the vet, you can teach your cat not to hate the carrier by leaving it out in the open, not hidden away in a closet until it's time to go, and filling it with soft blankets and yummy treats. Soon your kitty will learn that the carrier is a good thing and he won't mind going inside. If your cat is suddenly biting you when they haven't before, it is most likely pain-related. Cats are experts at hiding pain, so he may not show you any other signs that he's hurting. Any sudden change in behavior, including biting, should be addressed by a veterinarian immediately. Know your cat and be able to recognize his needs. Cats are stressed when they are hiding constantly, over grooming, not using the litter box, hissing or growling, or even trying to bite. If your cat is constantly stressed to the point where he is biting, you should talk to a certified cat behavior consultant or your veterinarian for help. Communication Lastly, cats can use biting as a communication tool or a means to get attention. This type of biting is often the least severe, think love nips when you've stopped petting your cat when they want more.  He got what he wanted.  Simply ignore your cat. Get up and walk away. When the cat is sitting calmly and not nipping, then give the cat what they want as a reward. Appropriately respond to cat love bites. Studying your cat's body language is one of the best ways to learn how to appropriately react and prevent future occurrences. Watch for signs of discomfort, such as ears to the side or a twitching tail, and stop petting if these are seen. Pet parents should notice if the cat biting stops when the cat is being petted with more frequency, or less. The owner should then respond appropriately before the cat bites. Thus, if the cat typically bites after 5 petting strokes, the owner should always stop at 4 strokes. It also recommended that people always invite their cat over to interact, rather than approaching and handling a sleeping or resting cat. And focus petting on areas the cats generally enjoy, such as around the ears and under the chin, and avoid petting cats on their bellies or near their tails. Never react negatively to cat biting. The owner should never scruff, shake, spray or frighten the cat in any way, this can cause the cat to respond with true and dangerous aggression. If a cat bites you and breaks the skin, be sure to wash the wound immediately. Look for any swelling, pain, or redness that spreads. If you see any of these, see your doctor or go to a walk-in clinic. Love biting is a common behavior in cats, but one that can be managed by studying your cat's body language, learning to redirect undesired behaviors, and respecting her tolerance for contact. Do not punish your cat. Always respond calmly and do not further escalate the situation. Research shows that punishment, including yelling, squirt bottles, scruffing, and physically hitting your cat is not effective and the cat does not learn from it. The cat is unable to make the connection that the punishment is the consequence of inviting. You should ignore any unwanted behavior and praise good behavior. Any type of negative reaction will only damage your relationship with your cat further. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on, so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.