Today's podcast is brought to you by FreshBooks.com. Get a 30-day free trial at gofreshbooks.com forward slash David Feldman show. The David Feldman radio program is made possible by listeners like you.  Welcome to the broadcast on David Feldman, DavidFeldmanShow.com. Please friend me on Facebook, follow me on Twitter, do all your Amazon shopping via the David Feldman show website.  I want to congratulate Patton Oswald for winning an Emmy Sunday night. He deserves it. He's one of the kindest people in the world. Even when Aziz Ansari announced the winner, he complimented Patton for being such a great human being. I was at the Emmys and I was one of the 90 writers nominated for the Triumphanus Elcomic Dogs special. We were up against Patton and I could not pretend to be happier for Patton. If I and the 900 writers had elused anybody, it would be Patton, so that was great. Well, you know, when I started doing stand-up comedy, I had a hero and his name was Woody Allen and then I moved to San Francisco and I saw a comic who was the complete antithesis of Woody Allen. He was confident, loud, brash, said what was on his mind, didn't tell stories that were fabricated, spoke the truth. He was just the complete opposite of Woody Allen and he became my hero. I wanted to be this guy. I wanted to be Bobby Slaton who is starring in Woody Allen's new series, Crisis in Sixteen. Guest starring in what episode? Guest starring in one episode. That's not starring. It's not even guest starring. Well, you weren't even my hero, so... A small part of one scene in one episode, but okay. Big thing for me. A man who has dinner frequently with Woody Allen who is in Woody Allen's new series for Amazon. Crisis in Sixteen's. It premieres September 30th. He is also in Manhattan this week to shoot Woody Allen's new movie. Two scenes, two little scenes, but it doesn't matter. It's Woody Allen. It's all good. It's Woody Allen. Woody Allen. You're working with what you know, Woody Allen. I know a lot of people. But you know Woody Allen and this man, Bobby Slaton, without a doubt the greatest club comic who's ever done it. Well, you know, wait a second. There's a couple of guys better than me. Nobody works a club audience better than Bobby Slaton. That's because the guys that are really great like Louis C.K. and David Tall and Bill Borobo moved out to theaters and stadiums and things, so I'm one of the few guys left playing the clubs. Well, but there is an art to playing clubs.  Well, I've been doing it for 40 years.  And why can't we do anything else? We can't drop a stick shift. I can't play an instrument. I can't really act. I can't. Yes, you can.  I can't, you know, I'm in a OK cook, but I try to perfect pizza for years that every Mexican of Puerto Rican making four bucks an hour out throughout the village makes a fine pie. I can't figure out how to do it. So there's not really a lot I can do. I was a good father. I was a pretty good husband, I think, to my wife. And and that's it. You know, also people say you sit right. People go, what did you write, Bobby? I don't want to write.  I mean, that's I write for myself. You know, you write for, you know, puppets and and people and all kinds of things. So there's there's there's an art to it. Obviously, don't do it very well. You don't want an Emmy, but you know, you still do it. I think it was a John Oliver. No, that was best there was two separate. I don't understand.  You know, like 30 or 40 writers in your 30,000, right? 30,000 writers up against Patton. And would you each get you would each get an Emmy? Yeah, but we didn't get it. Patton got it. Well, so that's one guy beat like 30 writers. Yeah, good for him. Good for him.  Anybody who's on Facebook, it's this new social media site. You should check it out. Bobby should be friended. I would assume you're at the limit with your friends. You've been at the limit with your friends before Facebook. Yeah, but you should follow Bobby because you write these amazing posts. You and Kevin Rooney write these great posts. I don't really do that much anymore. I mean, I write stuff, but I don't think I was right. Political stuff. How much I hit a Donald Trump. And all I get is, you know, people wear my thread. They start fighting for 40 pages. Well, it's not worth it anymore. You know, what I usually do is I just post something about going to a great Italian restaurant or a great meal or put a picture of one of the Woody Allen comedian dinners, you know. And I would have been invited to one of those dinners. We don't have the dinners very often. I have to be in town. Woody has to be in town. My friend who hosts the party has to be in town. And to find other comedians to be here, you know, the best one we did one with Lewis Black and David Bretter, you know, the late great David Bretter, then Woody Allen, but the cabin, then David Blaine showed up and showed us all magic tricks for an hour. That was a pretty legendary. That was a fun, almost like one of those Algonquin round table kind of things, the Hillcrest Country Club.   So, I mean, what we were doing was not quite to that level. But I think it was better. And we'd invite you, but I think the Algonquin table was overrated. I think the Algonquin table was probably overrated. I don't think they were as funny. You were at that table? I think, actually, and some of the greatest riders in the 1920s, the 30s. S.J. Perlman and Kaufman, I agree. The 30s, 40s, yeah. But, you know, I think Woody Allen, David Blaine, Dick Havett. That's David Brenner. And David Brenner and you.  And Nick DiPolo didn't want to go. Nick DiPolo went, but he was reluctant. Nick didn't want to go. He felt a little light. I don't know if Nick was intimidated. He felt like, what am I going to dinner with Woody Allen for? And Nick, he had a great time. Are there people who don't worship Woody Allen? I know that time passes and some people. I don't know. Look, other people I hang out with are people, mostly of my age group, and people in the comedy and film world, and those people all idolize Woody Allen. I think Kevin Pollock said to me, he's like one of the heads on showbiz, Mount Rushmore, you know, as far as directors go. Is everybody that works for him? It doesn't matter if it's me or Kate Blanchard or Jim Belushi is in his new movie. Everybody gets, not much more than scale, or paid scale, you know. Jim Belushi is in Woody's new movie. Yeah. I know Woody doesn't watch a lot of television. He knows it's Jim Belushi, right? I think he knows. Okay. He does now. Okay. I don't know. I know he doesn't like watch too much television. No television, except for sports. When he met you for the first time, he said he knew who you were. No, it was funny. A friend of mine who hosts these dinners, he's good friends with Woody, and he is on one of my shows in Florida. And he said, just as a matter of fact, offhandedly, he goes, you know, Woody's coming to my house next week in New York on Friday night for dinner. And I didn't know he knew Woody. He goes, oh yeah, well good friends. I guess, you know, he had flown Woody to Paris on his jet when he did the last movie. Anyway, he...  No, no, no, no, what happened was, my friend, Woody's friend said, I mentioned one of your jokes to Woody, and he goes, oh, I love that guy. And he turns out that somebody else did the same joke. I'm not saying the guy took it from me, and I certainly didn't take it from him. People come up with, you know, the same joke. And Woody said he was just flipping channels one night, looking for the Nick game or the Ranger game. And there was some goombas of comedy, you know, the five Italian guys of comedy, and there was another guy who, I go, wait, there wasn't me, he saw through the joke. But Woody's saying, but Woody Allen... He had no idea what it was. But the idea that, this is what just has stuck with me over the years when he told me that story, the idea that Woody Allen stumbled upon the goombas of comedy. Oh, what if the show was going... And took a moment to watch. Right. Right, and then he managed to hear that joke, and it was a joke that he loved that stuck with him. And the joke was, I don't know, because I say, I've been married for 30 years, with a Wintrow factor, it's like 130 years. And he loved that joke, he'll never forget that joke. And, matter of fact... Now, let me ask you a question without violating, because I know you're not allowed to talk about this stuff. But not on the set, because you can't talk about that, but just in general. Do you bust Woody Allen's balls? Well, I only did the Amazon show with him, and we worked together, and did one or two seasons. But if you're having dinner with him, or if you're at a party, will you bust his balls? Well, he's like, no, no, because we've only had about, under four or five dinners. And, you know, we had no long dinners, but he's a quiet guy, he's a funny guy, he's not shy when he's with friends in comics, you know. But there was no reason to bust his chops. I have too much respect for him.   Yeah, well, you know, he's funny. Everybody knows how you see the lanes on First Avenue. Right. You know, the second avenue, yeah. And it was never a great restaurant. And Woody ate there every night, and I said, it was the food that good, because the food was lousy, but it felt comfortable there, nobody bothered him, because it was with the writers and the late Captain. Right. He enjoyed eating by himself, and nobody bothered him. So I don't know how much of a social animal he is, because I know if I lived in New York and I had money, I'd be out eating at restaurants all the time. Then again, I'd be eating by myself too in a corner. I would just try to find restaurants with good food. So I had to see where he's coming from.  I think that's all they were to stand up comic.  So can he take a hit if you make a joke? I'm sure I never, I never really did. Because he, I would suspect he wants to get made fun of. Properly. He, I guess, you know, the last dinner we had, it was a year ago this past May. I think that was the last one, and women were never allowed to come. Soon, he was there, it's a guy's thing. And the last one was J. Thomas, you know, the radio guide actor, Jackie Marling, and Nick Topolo. Wow. That's an interesting group for Woody. Very interesting. And was Jackie telling Woody jokes? No, what he was doing was telling stories about, you know, they both work pips in the old days. You know, that would be for my time, and Jackie would tell his stories. And then J. Thomas told his famous, I made him tell it, the long-ranging story. They told that letterman every Christmas, you know, the long-ranging story. It's great. And he told it to Woody. Woody was dying, and then he added a whole piece, J, about the low-ranger asking for hookers or pussy or something. And he never told that part on the letterman show. And everybody loved the story. And then he offered, he was going to offer J a part. J really wanted to be in a Woody Allen movie. He was going to offer J a part, but it was really small. He didn't offer it to him. And J said, I would have taken it. I don't care how small it is. He wanted to be in a Woody Allen movie. Sure, sure. So all these dinners that we had, all four or five of them, everybody said, you know, Woody's going to put you in something with the parts right. And since our first dinner, could we do it once a year, four or five years, he did five movies since our first dinner.  Then he called me to do the Amazon show, which is nice. And then the show, the movie this week, it was just like playing Syracuse. Either somebody quit or got fired or couldn't make it, or some guy need to get recast. And it was a small part. I came in right away, and I don't care how small it is. He's working for Woody. Yeah. You know, he's not in the scene. You know, he's just directed it. I don't know, he's not in the film, I don't think.  I wasn't listed, but I was one that I see with Woody. So that was kind of cool. That's more important. So, enough about Woody. What else? Let's talk about women. Women. Yeah. All right. You start, I will be happy to talk about women.  Why would you do that? What? Have them in your life. What is the problem there? You don't seem like that kind of person. So it must be that your wife and your daughter, those can be the only two or a manager or an agent.  There's nobody you would have in your life voluntarily that's a radical feminist. I know you. Is it fair to say that, well, let me, I did an interview with Canadian, some Canadian reporter last week and they asked me about Chris Rock and Jerry Seinfeld.  They can't play colleges anymore. They never did. I was either of them. So I had college in 30 years. Right. And you know, Chris Rock, Jerry Seinfeld, they're on the Mount Rushmore of great standup comics. So they asked me, this Canadian journalist asked me, what do you think about Chris Rock and Jerry Seinfeld no longer wanting to play college campuses?  With all the student debt that's being racked up to go to college, why should your kids or you be racking up debt so the kid can go see Jerry Seinfeld instead of Noam Chomsky? Jerry Seinfeld and Chris Rock do not belong on college. Nobody belongs on college campuses. Well kids, the student union, I played a couple colleges back in the 70s, 80s, and then the colleges and I both decided that I was not. Well, because they have, but what's happened is the children at the colleges are booking the comedians. Right.  So it's a disgrace. There should be no college funds should be spent on me, you, Chris Rock, Jerry Seinfeld, or Aerosmith. President Trump's gonna fix all that, you know that.  Anyway, so there's this politically correct movement that's apparently, and you and I were at ground zero and you were probably the first comic ever to go after the politically correct. You were in San Francisco. Well, I think Carl, well, Lenny Bruce did it. No, no, there was no politically correct movement. Right. Politically correct started, I know exactly, under the Bush administration, the first Bush administration. That's when the term first got bandied about and it was the liberals learning to manipulate the First Amendment. So, and you, as from, you were the first comic. Well, I was the first, but I'm sure there were guys in LA and New York too. I mean, you know, there were a lot of guys out there. I mean, you know, I mean, prior and, well, he wasn't really there. No, there were people who were, might have been politically incorrect, but you were going after people for being politically correct. Yeah, I think I might go on camera, I'll be happy to tell you.  That's true, you know, New York, everybody talks about the San Francisco comedy scene during the comedy boom in the 70s and 80s, but there's no doubt that LA and New York had a much, much, much richer comedy scene. But then again, you know. We had a unique comedy scene.  It was unique and, you know, our old friend Alex Bennett, you know, it was, David Brenner once said to me, who was the comic that decided the Morning Radio was what comics should do, and it was me and Alex. It wouldn't happen anyway, that whole symbiotic relationship between comedians and Morning Radio, but I was the guy that brought, that, you know, I grew up in New York, listening to Alex when he was really a groundbreaking subversive guy in the 60s. You know, I remember from the early, yeah, late 60s, early 70s, and Alex, you know, Eldridge Cleaver on Black Panther when he was in exile in Algeria, and he had, you know, the radicals like Jerry Rubin and The Weatherman and Abby Hoffman and, and he, John Levy, he did some really, and he was about, Al Goldstein, Al Goldstein, how Alex began to the porn, I mean, back then that was politically incorrect. I mean, it was dangerous, it was dangerous.  Well, tell him to do my show. He won't do the show. Well, you ask between you two, but you need to call him.  He's mad that I haven't called him. Yeah, well, that's not talking about Alex. Okay, so here's my question about targeting groups, protected groups. Right. This is my theory. Well, there were gays and Asians and whales and, you know, you know what it was? You know what it was? And I don't know who did it first, but all I know is when I was a young comedian, and believe me, my stuff was pretty horrendous at the beginning. It was, you know, almost any young man-like, you know, kind of stuff. But when I started reading about Lady Bruce, some people would say, oh, you like Lady Bruce, because I'm definitely like Lady Bruce, but I could see where they, they're the fast-talking Jew, me against society, and I kind of, you know, I kind of embraced that, you know. Do you still deal with a bit? I doubt it. Your tribute to Lady Bruce? Oh, no. The N-word bit? I never did. Well, you say nigger, I don't want the N-word. I'm not gonna say it.     So Lady Bruce has this famous routine and Dustin Hoffman did it in the movie about- Yeah, he keeps saying nigger, nigger, nigger, and you can't even do the, you can't even say the routine, even though Dustin Hoffman did it in the G-rated film. That's what, until nigger doesn't mean anything and the little kid doesn't go home crying, but I never did a bit about it. But what you did, you did this, maybe it was one night where you said in honor of Lady Bruce. Yeah, what'd I say? No, I think it was one night because I don't remember this yet. That we need to keep saying the C-word over and over. Oh, like you said, we need to keep saying cut, cut, cut. You called every woman in the audience. You called every woman in the audience. That sounds like someone would do. You called every single woman in the audience the C-word. Pretending that you wanted the word to lose its meaning. But again, that sounds like something I would do. I love more brilliant than I thought. You know. I should bring that back.  Or maybe for a few nights. You know, it's just like, I don't know. I just move on and- Well, so let me ask you this question because I have a theory. Well, I actually have a new bit. I should, yeah. Go ahead. No, I don't want to start doing material on the air, but no, it was the other night.  And I said, well, just say the word. And I'm not talking about testing children. It's a whole long thing. I said, you know, again, like I said earlier, you would offend me the R-word, the N-word, the C-word. Not the words, but you know, your little abbreviation of it.   And that bit kills. One woman walked out and did everything. Yeah, yeah, four hundred people, three to nine, then I'd laugh, and one cunt walks out. It was perfect. Okay, this speaks to my theory. Exactly to my theory. And that is in this time and space in America, I believe that you cannot make fun of, this is my opinion, you don't make fun of homosexuals, transsexuals. This is my theory. You can't make fun of blacks or Mexicans.  To me, it's, I've always felt that, that even though women, it's very dangerous for them. Physically dangerous. And they're not getting paid fairly. But it's impossible to keep women out of your life. We all have mothers, sisters, wives, daughters. Why do you want to keep married life? Right. And you know, you can keep.  Somebody you can look down to, somebody who knows that you're doing better than them. Right. You know? This is why I think comedically it's okay for you or any comedian to tease women on stage. But every comic's done that. I mean, for many others. But it's getting harder and harder. It's very hard. Well, not for me, it's not. I do find women get upset once in a while, but for the most part they don't.   But you know, that's great about comedy. Everybody's. At the Emmys, Jill Soloway wins for a transparent. Right. Wins an Emmy. Right.  And Jill Soloway- When you say feminist, you mean cucked. Yeah. And Jill Soloway says, top of the patriarchy. And I go, yeah, you know, yeah. Well, you know, I'm trying to let my, let my daughter think I'm, you know.  Well.   So you know, I think there's millions of them. Okay. I have all the respect for the transgender people. Must be really tough. I'm sorry that you don't know which bathroom to use. You want to use that bathroom, this bathroom.  I mean, they don't really, in most countries, you know, they don't really, they have equal rights in America, but they still have a glistening. Okay.    So you know what? We'll get to you.  The polarized cops are disappearing. We got a gluten problem. We'll get killed by mosquitoes. Everybody else doesn't have rights. Get in line motherfucker. We'll get to you 30, 40 years.   You're not at the top of the list of people I care about. I mean, I do care. I mean, I'm not the call there.  But thank God nobody's listening to this, but. Our numbers are up, by the way.   I don't care about that.  Okay. I don't understand it. I don't understand things. So. It's an amazing, I really feel those people gotta be tortured. It's gotta be tortured. It's gotta be tortured. And it's great to bruise Jenner. You know, it's too many held in all these years.  So he's not a woman, okay? And I'll tell you who's really brave. If you saw that movie, the Danish girl with any red man, that in 1925 was based on, you see the movie? Yeah. Based on a true story. The man in one of the first sex change operations. That guy was brave as any firefighter or police officer. I mean, you're about brave. Right.  Who would have come out and even said that? Then he had the operation. And can you imagine back then how barbaric and savage and brutal? And the man died. Yeah. He bled to death. That guy was brave.  Maybe he will. But it's not very hard to do now. They can build a functioning vagina in like a couple of days. I wish I knew that. I would have got one of those for my wife.  My wife's no longer with us. But for any guy listed it, you should get a functional vagina. I don't know how much they cost. But it's like a triple A card. It's nice. You keep it in the glove compartment. You're waiting for the tow truck on the side of the road. You're at the airport. You don't have a book.  Yeah, something to do. You don't want to play a dual crossword puzzle. Right? Exactly. That's why people should see me at the Pittsburgh Game Prep this weekend and next weekend in Sarasota. I'm a Curtis County company club. Right. And I don't get a push out of the doors. I don't really care if they come, but it'd be nice. Yes. Now, speaking of artificial pussies, we're at a tipping point now where with artificial intelligence, pretty soon they're gonna be able to make a robot, a female robot who's you won't be able to tell the difference between a real woman and a fake woman. Kind of like Beverly Hills. But yeah. Casually different, something like that. Would you, at what point, because when you look at inflatable dolls. I've never had one of those. We did a smuggle and I did something. We had to get inflatable dolls. It wasn't for a show. We had something we had to do. It was something we had to do just because it was getting weird. No, we did. Out of the Danny Thomas at the coffee table. So, I looked at these inflatable dolls. I said, nobody buys these things. They're making really good ones. Now they're not inflatable.  They bought it as a joke. I think people bought them to have sex with it. How could you, could you, or what about the, I never did it. The pocket pussy. What? The pocket pussy. Oh, I saw that. That's what I'm talking about. But nobody, but now if they can make a robot that is exactly like a woman. What do we know? What kind of a Jewish woman is that? The swallows and rusts, you know. Oil can't. You know what I mean. I don't, you just can't put all women in one category. It's like a real woman. A Jewish female robot, would you? Oh, I used to work with the Betty Verano comic but right now. Did you really rock off to art?  But you would whack off to a cartoon. I didn't even call the whack-a-mole. Whatever I did back in six to seven, eight years old. Where was you? I got excited about it. What was your first ejaculation? Do you remember? Well, how could I ever remember that? You don't remember your first ejaculation? No. You don't remember? I can't remember, I don't remember that for breakfast. No, I don't remember that. Why do you? Sure. You know, you're best at your time in your 20s. Uncle Ted. Uncle Ted, no. You don't remember? No, I don't remember. No. I remember a lot of things. The gold diggers, I was watching the gold diggers. I don't, yeah. I remember the gold diggers. The March on the Gold Diggers came out and I began touching myself and something leaked. I don't want to talk about this right now. I know. Women. Yeah, what about them? They speak up for themselves in comedy clubs now, right? You can't. Well, you're obsessed with this right now. Why is that? I love women. You don't seem to be the kind of person I'm from. You don't date them.   I mean, you know. That's not true. Okay, all right, whatever. It's your business. You're delusional. But okay. You know, I don't know. I've always liked women. I just don't like hanging out with them. You know, my wife used to say to me, you know, very rarely I go with my friends and she'd go, why can't I go? Because you're just a guy. You're friends like me. I know, but when there's a woman, then the dynamics change. But anytime I see a guy hanging out with a bunch of women and you're not gay, you know, I'll see a guy who puts him on a comedy club, be a guy with his wife, and a couple of her friends at a show.  There's another word you can use, but now I'm talking about games.  He's hanging out with his girlfriend or his wife and her friends.  But he plays golf with his wife.     Good to be kidding you, that word. What are we getting arrested for? I mean, really. And it's amazing, too, that people still get upset at comedy clubs. You don't like my act. You don't like carrot top, Lucy or whatever. You don't like some comedy talk. Just leave and ask for your money back. You don't like a movie? Ask for your money back. But people actually get really mad.  Well, I'll always tell this story whenever you're on the show, and I apologize to the people who've already heard it, but I have new listeners. So I have to tell them, this is the definition of comedy. This is how I define comedy. Jeff Garland was living in Chicago. You know the story, right? Jeff Garland was living in Chicago, just starting out. And he said, you know what? I'm gonna go to Zany's. I wanna see who's playing Zany's. Have you ever told me?  To me, this is the definition of comedy. I tell this all the time on this show, but I have new listeners. So Jeff is walking to Zany's to see who's playing, and he sees a pregnant woman weeping the matri-D handing the money back to the husband and free tickets for next week's show. And above them is a marquee that reads now appearing Bobby Slayton. That's the definition of comedy. A couple, they're married, she's pregnant. She's due any moment. They spent a lot of money to go out that night. They probably have another kid. They had to hire a babysitter, pay for parking, and they probably thought you would be thrilled to find out that she was pregnant. Well, I don't know what happened. I don't, it might not have been me. It was you. It was me? She was crying. Well, it's just because of me. She might have been talking. A pregnant woman crying. When women are pregnant, they're very fragile and a little emotional, if you all know. Oh, they can be sometimes.  But I'm not judging her. I'm not judging whatsoever. But it could have been a waiter telling her to keep it down. Maybe they were talking, or maybe she didn't want the two drink minimum, or maybe, who knows? You know, I had the opening act before, but it could have been me. You know what I learned about you? I just realized something. Alex Brazell is about 27, and he loves stand-up comedy.  What she does, yeah, he is the best. But I just, you saw him in Montreal.  You know, you can learn about Irish history and political science. And he says to me, you're old. I get all my news. All my information. For the most part, from watching stand-up comedy. And I didn't understand that. And I'm looking at you, and I'm remembering being Alex's age and younger, watching Bobby Slayton perform, and finding out like how men should think about certain things, how women behave, how relationships, like I didn't know that. Why? I didn't know. There were a lot of things.  Because you've listened to me teach you about how people, and family dynamics, and how husbands and wives relate. And that's so, that was wrong. You shouldn't have taken it. The brutal honesty at an early age, that you exhibited, because you're only like one or two years older than I am. How old are you? I'm 58. Okay. So 30 years ago, there were things I didn't know about women. I didn't know about my biology. I didn't understand certain things about sex and my, what I wanted and stuff like that. And I'm watching Bobby go, oh, this explains everything. Well, you know, I didn't. How do you know so much? Early on, how did you know so much? And why were you so fearless about talking about it? I don't know if that I knew so much. I, well, I was married for almost 30 years. You know, my wife passed away six months ago. This week. Can we tell people, I don't want to violate it. No, we can talk about that, but let me ask you. Can I call, what did I say? I called on the day I heard the news. Yeah, a few days after she passed away. I think I called you that day. You might have called me that day. A lot of people, so many people called, it really was a blur. I'm not going to quote, you have to tell.  And you know, we've been together for a long time.  Right? Is that what it was? No, what you said was. Oh, this was the day of, the day of, you said. The day of my wife's death? Or the day after I found out. The day after, yeah.  I went, I dropped the phone. I dropped the phone. I just laughed. I went from, but you know, it's true. No, it's not. What? No, it's not. You have to come. I laughed. If it were true, I wouldn't have laughed that hard. You wouldn't. You're amazing.  You are amazing. Yeah, you are. Don't try to change your subject. Do you remember Len? What's his name? He ran a club in Chicago. Len Fostervitz. Yeah, yeah, he had a club. He was sick for a while in Kansas. He did. Yeah. Oh my God. Was he one of the funniest people you ever knew? Wasn't he really funny offstage? Didn't he influence? I played with him once, one time. He influenced a lot of the club. I played with him once many, many years ago. And I talked to him a year or two ago when he was sick, doing better. And I, I, I don't, I haven't spoken to him.  He had certain rhythms. I don't remember if he was still there. I just remember what he was. He wasn't, he, he ran a club and he had certain jokes and rhythms and peculiarities that he acted out in the green room that got appropriated by a lot of comedians. And I know that Paul Provenza and Rich Jenny sang his praises all the time. I guess I didn't know him that well. I, I, because like I said, I only played from once. I'll tell you what he, he did. That was just one of the funniest things in my life. Len was best friends with Rich Jenny and Rich was one of the greats, right? He was good. Yeah, a friend of mine. And I used to open for him. And I miss him. And he committed suicide. And I get a call.  And he says, David, I've got some really bad news. Rich Jenny is dead. And I screamed. I go, what? Yeah. It's just terrible. He committed suicide and it's just, it's so horrible. Listen, you work at HBO. Can you get this script to Carolyn Strauss for me? That's pretty funny. It was brilliant. Brilliant. Not brilliant.  That's brilliant. And then a roundhouse about getting a script to the head of HBO. I mean, it was just like, it was... If you're not a comic, I mean, you're listeners. If they don't think that's funny and I don't blame them for nothing. But that's what comics were all about, you know?  You know, you learn to let it out somehow. You got to let the anger out. Jews always did it with a sense of humor. So did black people, actually. And I think one of the greatest jokes ever, I said to John Stuart, who was my opening act, when he was a young comic, and I told him, you should dress better. You dress like Dennis Amados like you're 12. You know, you have a slingshot in your back pocket. You should dress. And then you started dressing nicer and became a big star. You always dressed well. I don't anymore. Now he's wearing a T-shirt on stage. But I was, but I really cool. But a cool suit. Like a 50s looking suit. And I look back at some of them.  But you, like I remember going to Macy's with you in San Francisco.  No, what I also remember is going to Macy's with you. And you remember what you did to me? No, I'm just saying how gay that is. I had to shop with the San Francisco U and I shopped together, but no, what I did. And you asked the women's perfume counters and you would spray me with women's perfume. Do you remember that? And I kept saying, Bobby, stop. You gotta stop. And then you go, okay, okay, okay. And then like two minutes later, you'd spray L'Oreal on me. And then Chanel number five on me. And I got Bobby, stop. And after a while, you get acclimated to the, I didn't re, and I walk out in Union Square in San Francisco smelling like a French whore. Right.  Cause I respect you. Oh, there's a power dynamic here. If I knew someday I'd have a big podcast, I would never have done anything like this, but I'm still getting on, so it's okay. But you know, your question is, how do I know so much about women? That's, look, not only was it a matter of 30 years, I had a girlfriend, you know, for about five years we lived together. And all those things happened with, you know, G-spots and Roger's phones. I never knew women had these things. And I never knew about clits and this and, you know, and it was like, they taught me things.  You know, and it's just taught about, and a million comics have done it, but the difference between men and women, and I'm not saying I did it the best, but it's just something like when you live with a woman and you talk to a woman and you travel with a woman and you have a kid, you know, and there's all that stuff. You need to have, you know, it's like Keith Richards said he's not, he never writes the songs, they kind of come to him. He's like a conduit for music. It just, if you have your, you know, your receptors out, the songs come to him, the jokes kind of come to me. Like today in New York City, I walked, I walked well over 150 blocks. I left my apartment up East Side at 11 a.m., I just came down here to do your podcast on the Lower East Side, walked all the way over to the West Side, went out to do a costume fitting for the Woody Show down by Wall Street by the World Trade Center, walked back to China, I walked at least 100, maybe 150 blocks today and I probably walked back up again. I'll walk with you. I'll walk with you. I walked, I mean, I stopped for a foot massage and back massage, I actually got, you know, I stopped for lunch, I had a beer and, you know, I mean, I walked, but I would, you know, so basically all day and that's when the comedy comes to me, but today I was more thinking about this new girlfriend that I have, which is confusing me with them more than anything, but you talk about me knowing stuff. I've never been so confused in my life, in my life with God for six months and I fell in love with a woman whose husband passed away last year and I spoke at a funeral and we just met for a drink. It was just the most bizarre thing, but usually I write jokes. Today I was, you know, working on the Woody Allen movie I'm doing. You do feel, I have a theory about men not being able to be alone. I love being, I want to be alone for five months. It was the greatest thing ever. Yeah, but. She was not supposed to happen. Did not want it to happen. Right. But it was getting to the point where I was in my house by myself. I didn't know when the air conditioner was on too high, the music was too loud. I mean, my life was in danger. Keith Richards called me up, he was worried about me. I didn't know what I was driving too fast.  I didn't know what I had too much garlic, too much wine. My life was spinning out of control. Do you know Keith Richards? No, I have met him, but you know, met him a few times. I have a theory about this and that. He's a fan of my brotherhood. There have been a lot, you know, because his wife, I don't drop her names in there, but I saw his wife one night and I gave her one of my CDs and the next night I sort of get backstage at a Stones concert.  He thinks you're like Lenny Bruce. So, you know. Your first tattoo was the Rolling Stones logo.  By? By a, because it wasn't, it wasn't really the right logo. I got it for $10 by Lyle Tuttle in 1975, 74 when he moved to San Francisco. It was a Lyle Tuttle, but it was his plate. It wasn't very good tattoo and it covered up with a big black heart. It didn't look right. So years later, I covered up with this giant, you know, angel of death, you know, the Grim Reaper and my daughter was 15, got her first tattoo at the same time. That was a daddy-daughter experience of me getting this tattoo and Natasha getting a little tramp stamp of a butterfly. There's something you would never do is get a tattoo would you? I'm a creep. By the way, what, you know. I realize that. You wouldn't have to be a vegetarian, which is perfectly fine. I mean, I wish I could be a vegetarian.   I have no fun.   I'm gonna have a glass of wine. Yeah, I can't trick you. It just made me more crazy.  I am. What do you, father? I'm very rigid in my lifestyle. And then you wouldn't even try the roasted garlic on the pizza. What was, what's wrong with you? I've never seen anybody eat as much garlic as you do. That was raw garlic and roasted garlic with two totally different animals. Roasting pizza is good for you. It's very mild. It's great.  But now I don't, you know, now that I have a new girlfriend, I gotta calm down with that a little bit. Cause you know, but, but yeah, this stuff is good for you.  I never did before.  You don't do it. I don't. But... I do not cut loose. I don't say drink it, you have to drink but have a drink.  It makes me crazy. I, the smoke pot was well. No, I don't do anything. Did you ever smoke pot? Yes. And why would you do that now? I have tried, over the years, I've kind of eliminated every vice that I could have. Who says there are vices? It's the things that you, drugs and things you can take to enjoy life. I mean, I'm not saying you should sit and drink all the time, but have a beer when you watch your Super Bowl, have a martini before dinner, have a glass of wine when you're having your pizza. Those are vices. That's what life's all about. I think... Italians know it, it's about, and the Greeks know it. And they say only when you... Yeah. I work...   Thank you. I have chosen this path to eliminate everything. Are you talking to the mic, okay? Yeah. All right, fine. I've chosen this path so that I eliminate anything that doesn't waste my time and any acts... What do you do with this podcast for, then? Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Make a lot of money off the site? Well, I... Thank you. Thank you, Alex. All right, I'm drinking fertility, you know. And so, and anything that artificially enhances... Hey, have a sip of that wine. I can't. Let me smell it. No, yes, no, you have a sip. I like the smell, and I like to be around people who are drinking.  I said, you want him to drink, because I don't drink around Feldman. He goes, why? Because you're admonisher. I mean, you chastise him for drinking, right? Well, because... So you don't like being around people that drink. Well, no, we work... I don't want degenerates handling my career. That's your... I think... What do you drink, sir, degenerate? Well, I think people who... By my standards, when I'm working... Right. I don't like... I like people to be sober. But what if you guys were going out for dinner? If it were work, if it was a working dinner, I would have a problem. Oh, okay, last night, if Alex would have come with us to dinner, and he would have been drinking, would have bothered you? Yes. But he's not working, we're just... But... Anything that's with you is working? Well, I do think for somebody... Alex, can I talk about this? Yeah, ask him, of course you can. He works for you, you don't work for him. I think he's got a dangerous job. He's a producer, and he's a manager, and he's a businessman, and it goes from seven in the morning to seven in the morning. It's a 24-hour job. Do you have any great agents and managers in LA? They get off of work, and they go with clients, and they drink, and they maybe even do drugs. Not mine. Not mine. Well, that's why your career's going nowhere. Well, but... Alex, on this leash, you're not letting him relax at all. I don't know. I don't think in business... I think we're too forgiving, and I think alcohol... The three martini lunches, those days, don't you think? People go out for their businessmen having drinks, or their business meetings. They come over, you see every movie.  Let's talk about the big merger. Can I pour you a Scotch? Let's go to... Let's go light up a cigar. That's when only white men did business. It's much more competitive. Well, that's because... We have women, and we have African-Americans, and everybody has to work harder. It's much... There's a bigger... Besides for Americans, you have crevasse and grape soda. They can still have a drink. If I'm running a company, or I'm working for somebody, I want sobriety. I don't want... I wouldn't go to a job and have a three martini. You could coast. There was a period after World War II when our dads, they all had post-traumatic stress syndrome. From World War II, they deserved everything, all the wealth, and they could get away with drinking the PTSD away. Did your dad fight in World War II? He fought my mother. Did he serve? No, he was stationed here. But first of all, after work, it's a social thing to go out with the boss of your co-workers and have a few drinks. I know, I cannot... First of all, forget about your co-worker. You wouldn't even have a drink with me. Last night at dinner, I drank an entire bottle of wine. That was perfectly fine. Right. I had a great dinner. And you were happy? Yeah, I was happy. Even though I was there. You were happy? Yeah. Yeah, and you would have ever... And again, it's not just about alcohol. It's about finding something. Like, you don't see... Watch TV, that's wasting time. You don't realize that's what you're talking about. Mindlessly watch, maybe Ray Donovan or some... 60 Minutes or South Park or whatever. This is... There are two things that I regret. I cannot enjoy baseball. Forget about baseball. I can't enjoy sports. I know that's a character film. I don't like it either. And I cannot sit and watch TV. And partly because I'm threatened by people who are way more talented than I am. That's everybody. Especially those who want an Emmy. But the other thing is I'll start a show and I'm going, oh, this is... You know, I'm 58.  Are you kidding? So the Sopranos, Breaking Bad... Oh, Sopranos is the best. Did you sit and watch it? I'll watch that over and over again. Okay, and Breaking Bad? That I could not get into. Might be a bit of a surprise. Ray Donovan is up there with both of them. Yeah, I hear Ray Donovan has grown. And Homeland... I mean, this is a million show. But in fact, you don't watch TV. I'll watch a movie. I'll watch a documentary. Now, that's like how you said you're not going to waste your time doing something that's not productive. Watching a movie is the biggest waste of time. It's not to me, but to you... If it's a documentary or it's a well-made... Oh, Woody Allen film. Oh, Woody Allen film in a second. Or I like to watch lectures. I know. I feel like I'm listening to one now. I don't like listening to one. And women who meet me now... I know that I'm not a particularly fun guy. That's an understatement.  I guess I have a bit of a temper. I'm a bit... I'm not a people person, really. Ava likes me and the dog's like me. But, you know... And I see it getting a lot worse. I see myself focusing solely on what I think is the righteous path. It is. It'll be corrected eventually. You're 60. I'm not saying I'm 58.  Just round her off. When I was 58, 59, people were how old? I was 60. Then when I hit 60, it wasn't a big deal. I'm 61, OK? In three years, I was this guy that the most important thing was I got to get a series. I got to get a television. And I wasn't one of these guys like, how come Louis VK is playing Madison Square Garden? I should be. You know, I have carrot tops, no talent. Why is he getting... None of that really ever bought me. I was happy for everybody. You know, when I was at Hooters Casino, making a million dollars a year was a lot of money. It was a fortune. Made it for one year. I would pay them opening acts. I bought people stuff. I joined the gym. I had a nice car.    But I pissed it all away. I said I never had money in my life. And when it went away, I went back to Hooters for less than half of that. And again, I would still overpay my opening acts. You worked for one breast. You worked for one breast instead of both. Yeah, I made a joke. I wasn't good. I know. That's why you don't want an Emmy, okay? You need to watch more TV and drink.  Because you used to be really good, you know? I'm not saying you're not good anymore. Obviously, working on that smuggler show, which is brilliant. So obviously you have something. Then again, I'm thinking maybe since there's 30 writers, you know, maybe a section that blends in and the guys are carrying you. I don't know. I don't know. But you have to work. Did any of the writers, how many writers are on the show, really? You were in the writers' room. I don't know. There are a couple of, it's a lot of pickup games. Oh, so you don't have any full-time writers? We have a couple full-time writers.  Does everybody ever do that? Yes. And you don't go with them? No. All right. Ever. I will. Then that's a good way to come up with stuff when you're doing a social situation.  We sit around the table and joke and do that in an office situation. I don't drink. And I always feel, for me, alcohol and pot muddy the comedic brain.  And nobody's done more blow. And I'm more alcohol than me.  I can't keep up with Slate. I mean, I never did that much. But those guys did it. Bill Hicks did it. And a lot of great comics did it. I'm not saying it's definitely where to go, but. What was the greatest day of your life as a comedian that where you just went, I cannot believe. This is, I'm so happy that I'm a comedian. I've accomplished something. Robert Williams hung himself. No, I'm kidding. He was one of my best friends. I tried to offer some help. You know what? Let me tell you something. I'm glad you're here because I forgot to mention this. Kevin Bartini, who's part of the show Briss Studios, great guy. He's responsible for George Carlin Way. So I had Kevin Bartini on my show about three years ago because they unveiled. But then George Carlin Way wasn't even the right street, though. It wasn't even really where he lived. It's on the same street, but down a few blocks. All right. So they have this big celebration. Everybody shows up. And then there's a show at Carolines that night. And I can imitate Gilbert, but I'm coming down with a cold. I don't want to disturb my voice. So everybody gets up and does it. He's supposed to feel excited. Yeah, go ahead. Everybody gets up at Carolines and does a set. And then at the end of their set, they talk about how George Carlin changed their life and how he's the greatest stand-up comic whoever did it. And Gilbert gets up at the end of the evening and says, why am I the only guy here who's glad George Carlin is dead? And Kelly, his daughter, is sitting there. And everybody's quiet. And he's going, I am not only happy that George Carlin is dead. I hope he died a painful death. I hope his stroke went on and on and that he knew he was dying and he was afraid. And he went on and on.  Just thought this was the funny. And once Kelly started to laugh, everybody started up. And Kelly said, that's the only way to properly honor my father. Well, you know what? It really is. And I know how far the Gilbert was always great. And I don't know who else could have got away. I mean, I might have got away with something in my own way. And who knows? Does Gilbert make you laugh? Gilbert is a tremendous question. Have you ever done a show like just Slate and Gilbert? The podcast? No, the podcast. He has the best podcast. That's great. I listened to it and I never laughed myself. But it was just great with him. And Frank and me, it was just great. It's the best podcast.  It's pretty great. It's pretty great. But have you ever toured with Gilbert? Like, I would think of it. No, because he's a headliner and I'm a headliner. And the problem is, even though he would sell up more seats, if I opened up, you've got to have two people who work well together. You have to have certain bands open up for certain bands. You can't. There's a lot of great comics that my energy's too high. And if I couldn't open up for Jim Gaffigan, because I'm too dirty as I was clean. You know, it just wouldn't work. It's like having a certain wine with certain kind of food. That you know, have one sip of this wine. Just try it. How would you feel if this is like the vipers? No, but have a sip. You're like, Tony Soprano, I'm Christopher and we just stole all that wine from the vipers. Do you think if you had a sip of wine, what would it do to you? It would make me happy and relaxed, sociable. You used to drink. I drank a lot, yes. You did? Yes. And you drank too much? I was not where I wanted to be. Well, your body's changing. What were you drinking back then? You remember? Yeah. Well, I would drink white wine. I would smoke dope and I would drink Jack Daniels. Yeah, well, that's not a great combo. You didn't do the white wine with Jack together. No, but I would just drink a lot. Jack is pretty good. And I drank by myself and I wasn't, my career wasn't where it was supposed to be. And I wasn't reading. I remember something that Steve Allen said. It was one of the things that helped me quit. He wrote, it's amazing how people have $50 for a great bottle of wine, but they don't have $25 for a hardcover book. This is like, I quit in 88. And I thought, well, that's true. I'm always complaining that books are way too expensive. But somehow I always have money for a nice bottle of wine. You know, you asked me what the best night of comedy I ever had. I thought at the time it was so great and it was really meaningless, but they did this thing called the American Comedy Awards. And they've had so many comedy awards. But Joe Schlotter, the guy behind Laughin and Joe Schlotter was the major TV guy in the 60s. So Schlotter did some American Comedy Awards. And I think they only did like three, two or three years in a row. And they would give an award like anything else, best outstanding actor in a comedy series, best set. And they would give an award for Best Club Comic. The first year, then a male club comic and a female comic. The first year, Jerry Seinfeld won Best Male Club Comic and Best Female was on a... Diane Furd? Oh, I don't know. Diane Furd? Oh, Furd. Diane Furd never won. He went up for eight years. She was like, Susan Lucci. She never won. So the second year, the winner of Best Club Comic was me and Paula Pounster. Wow. Yeah. And she's Best Club Comic and Female Comic. So I got the award and I got up, I'm sitting with my wife. And as I get up, I kissed Jane Meadows, you know, Steve's wife, because Steve was hosting it. He gave me the award. And I kissed Jane Meadows, didn't kiss my wife. Kissed Jane Meadows. Walked out the stage and gave Steve a big kiss on the lips. So you kissed Steve Allen on the lips. Yeah, he didn't like to be touched. I kissed him. Yeah. He seemed fine. I think it was on the lips, might've been on the cheek. I don't remember, but, because I was drinking. And anyway, so I said, you know, this award, what is this gonna get me? $50 more at the Chuckle Hut in Omaha? Who cares? But thank you. And I took the award. It was great. I was very proud of myself. And then it didn't do anything for me. It got me a little bit of press. But the next year, a carrot top beat Bill Hicks.  And the award right now, and it's never, it's always been, it's by my garage door. When I work out in the morning, it holds up with the garage door so the wind doesn't blow it shut. It's a doorstop. It's a meaningless award, as most of them are.  But a lot of times, Adio, you look at the catamours. Who's a better actor? You look at all those actors at the Emmys, from John Voight to all these great actors. Better, really, who's, it's just. Somebody sent me an article, I think it was in Vanity Fair, that the Oscars were set up to destroy unions, to prevent unions. Oh, really? Yeah. I don't think it's Vanity Fair, because I would have read that. Divide and conquer. That I think it was. Light of it. Louis B. Mayer was using his carpenters to build his new home for free. It was, and they were gonna unionize, and the actors wanted to unionize. So they came up with this idea of an academy. This was in the late twenties. Have this academy and have actors competing against each other, have the carpenters competing against each other. So that they're not unified. Wow. And at the Emmys, I really got a whiff of that, thinking, this is what it's all about. This award thing is just, no, I can't have a glass. But it really is to divide, divide the creative people from each other. How long has this podcast been going on for? Over an hour. Are you bored? I was bored as soon as we started. We'll ramp it up. No, but I know that your producer has other shows that he has to do something. Right? He's busy, a producer. We have five more minutes. And it's been a long day for me. This is, I mean, I'm pretty happy. What time did you get up? Huh? What time did you get up? Today was late for me. I got up at nine in the morning. That was really good. And what time did you go to bed? Well, we had dinner last night, right? And we went, what time did we get out? We got out of there. Did we get out of there at 11, 12? I left at 10.30. I left with you, remember? No. I left before you. You paid the tab, so I left. I wanted to get out. I left right after you. Well, you were with Russo. I left right after you left. I'm two minutes after. I paid the check and I left. We were supposed to have dinner at the Friars Club. Yeah. With Russo.  So I was back in back room at 11, back in my apartment at 11. And then I called him a girlfriend. And she said, we won't be together for about a month. And she said, you sound like a little buzzed. I go, I am a little buzzed. Fine, a little buzzed. And I worked out that morning. I hadn't worked out in two days. So I woke up this morning. Not a hangover. Touched a little bit of a headache, which I never do.  And I went over and got some oatmeal and got my coffee. I took my vitamins and bam! I walked around for eight hours today.  Oh, I know. Love never dies. Even when there's a divorce, love never dies. And it's Sophie's choice. If you were... Love does die. Who came up with that? You love your ex-wife? Sure. I would love to. Yeah, if you would have a drink, that's why there's a drink. Because he's afraid he might say what's really on his mind. That's exactly why you don't drink. First of all, I stopped drinking because my filter disappeared. I have a stutter step before I speak. Yeah, well, I don't have a filter, whether I'm drinking or not. You know? And I guess it's good and I guess it's bad. I don't know. I don't know. But if you had a pick, make Sophie's choice. What is Sophie's choice? You have to pick a kid. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. You can't, right? Well, I don't have one kid. Yeah, well, but it's the same thing with...  Right? You go with the thing that's younger. You keep the thing that's... I'd go with the kid, but I know more important than the kid.  Is it a flat screen? Yeah, it's in my bedroom, it's giant. And you can turn it off. Is it TV? You can turn it on and off, yes. Can you turn your kid off when it's hocking at you? I've turned off my family a long time ago to me. My whole family. But a TV's a lot easier to turn off. Well, since my family, since my wife's dead and my daughter doesn't live with me anymore, you know? It's fine. It's okay. Sounds like you're the one who went to Heaven. Huh? Sounds like your wife died and you went to Heaven.  She lived with me for 30 years.  So she's anywhere. I don't even believe it. She's up there. Bobby Slayton. Go see him. Did I finish that whole bottle of wine, Alex? I helped you. You helped me there. But how do you feel, like after, like right now, how do you feel after having a half a bottle of wine? And more than half a bottle. How do I feel? Yeah, do you feel good? Do you feel relaxed? I feel great. Well, yeah, I think it's a combination also that your show's over. I think it's like having, you know, vodka and some blow together. I think it's a combo, you know. I want to tell a story before you go. How deep are we into the show? Come into, I want to tell the story about one of my sons being offended. But it's really, it's kind of interesting. But I only want to tell the story deep, deep into the show because I don't want to. Are we way over time? Yeah, yeah. And he has to, and your producer has to go. I know. So, my children were exposed to comedians like you at a very early age. Right, did they know when they're familiar with me? How old are these kids, though? Well, I don't want to talk about that, but I have a lot of kids. So, one of my kids went to see Dom Herrera when he was very, very young. Very, very young. When Dom was very young? Yes. And I said to Dom, don't worry. I said, one of my sons is here. Don't change your act. And Dom goes, oh, thank you so much for giving me permission to do what I do for a living.  Thank you so much for letting me support myself by doing my act. He's absolutely right. So, hopefully, we're out of his way to say some hope. Oh, my God. He gets up and he goes, David Feldman's son is here. Such a sweetheart. Anyway, I don't even want to, it was pretty offensive. My son wasn't six, he was about, I'd say, 13.  South Park, family guy. And all my kids were exposed to things that a lot of people didn't think was appropriate.  And none of my children ever got sent home from school. They were never bullies. They are just, right, Alex, you met some of them, right? Yes, the best. The best. I mean, just kind, sweet. How many children do you have? About six. So, one of my kids is back. That's six. He doesn't have many kids. I don't know if I, there's a, I'm not gonna tell the story. I'll tell some other time. About six kids. There was a, there was a... When did you become a black father? All right, I was gonna tell a story. The point I'm making is I have a very disgusting room bit that I do for the comedy writers. That's really offensive, misogynistic. Why don't you? Right, and I did it. It's a new bit. It's just horrible. I did it for my kid, and Alex was there, and my son goes, hey, you're crossing the line. And I thought he was joking. And I realized that he's now in his 20s, and no matter how much he's been exposed to, and all the tasteless comedy he's been exposed to, he still knows right from wrong. And he was able to say to me, that's really bad taste.   Bobby Slayton, Pittsburgh improv on the 23rd and 25th of September, crisis in six scenes, Amazon, Woody Allen. I think it'll be a second or third episode. I don't even know, because I haven't come out yet. Not only one, I've won Gracie with Woody Allen. It's one quick, well, I agonized over it for so long because I was so nervous working with Woody, and he could not have been a greater guy, a nicer director, more generous. How do people follow you on Twitter? Pitbull of comedy. Pitbull of comedy. And Facebook. I don't really care if they don't have to follow me, but it'd be nice, thank you. Yeah, follow Bobby, and everybody should at least see Bobby 10 times in their life. Especially the cunts and the niggers. The faggots, you too. And breakable retards, if you have any, around.  From the show Brits Studios in downtown Manhattan, that'll do it for us. I'm gonna tell you about a podcast that I listen to. Two of my friends host it, and I think you should listen to it. Andrew Goldstein, maybe you remember him as my Jew on some of our more popular episodes with the David Feldman show. Andrew Goldstein is a brilliant comedy writer from MTV and Race Wars. And Matt Goldich writes for Late Night with Seth Meyers, brilliantly funny comedian and comedy writer. They have a new podcast. You can download it on iTunes. It's called Sorry I've Been So Busy. You know, everyone always says they're so busy, but what exactly are they so busy with? Well, in their podcast, Sorry I've Been So Busy, writer, comedians Matt Goldich and Andrew Goldstein talk to their interesting and funny friends to find out what they've actually been so busy with. Everything from major life and career events to everyday minutiae. Sorry I've Been So Busy is the only podcast that will never blow you off unless something comes up.


that is reinforced earth. So, that means here how to design a foundation or in a retaining wall if it is constructed by reinforcement. Now, before that first we if I discuss what is a reinforced earth. Now, as it is similar to we can say that it is a like of a reinforced concrete as we can know that concrete cannot take the tension and reinforced to take the tension we provide the reinforcement. Here the similar way the soil cannot take tension. So, if any tension is developed within the soil that has to be taken by some elements. So, that elements we provide that is as a reinforcement. Now, the question is why the reinforcement is required. Now, if when if a soil is there if I want to construct any foundation on that before that before soil testing will go for whether will go for which type of foundation either will go for the shallow foundation or whether will go for the group foundation. Now, in the shallow foundation we can first try for the isolated footing then combine footing or if it is a raft. Now, if this shallow foundation is not suitable on that particular soil then before we go for the deep foundation or pile foundation then there is option that we can improve that ground and on that improve ground we can construct the foundation. So, now this basically this reinforced concrete is a improve ground improvement technique. So, there are so many others ground improvement techniques are available, but on that I will discuss only the reinforced earth in this section. Now, before I go to the design part now first what is reinforcement? Now, reinforced earth means suppose if we have this existing ground and on that ground this is the foundation. Now, suppose this soil is not suitable to take the load which is coming for this from this superstructure through this foundation. So, here we are providing as a isolated footing always B with is B. Now, when here the one option we can place some reinforcement like this suppose if this is a section. So, we can place the reinforcement below this foundation. So, that can be single layer or that can be montere. So, these are the reinforcements. So, if this is foundation then these are the reinforcement. Now, this reinforcement is this is the section actually this reinforcement are a sheet type of material suppose this is the this is one type of reinforcement this is sheet type of material. So, here we can get this is one reinforcement or the this is we can say the reinforcement. Now, here we are talking about the geosynthetic reinforced earth. Now, what is geosynthetic reinforcement? Now, geosynthetic reinforcement is a basically polymeric material which have some groups one is geotextile, next one is geogrid, third one we can geonet, then geomembrane, then geocomposite. So, these are the different categories. So, this is all are called the together called the geosynthetic. So, these are the different types of the geosynthetic. Geosynthetic means it is a polymeric material which is available in the in the market. So, that means here we get a sheet type of material here which is which is available in a in a roll type. So, here we will get the required geosynthetic according to our basic requirement. Suppose if it is a below the foundation if I place so we will place that is the L and the B if it is a rectangular footing. So, if I take the section this one you will get the this type of so that means inside the soil we place this sheet type of material to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. So, that means first and basically this geosynthetic type of reinforcement as we have to insert it in the soil and it is placed horizontally. So, because it is placed horizontally. So, that means it is basically suitable for filling type of material. Suppose if this in the this area first we will place the reinforcement and if it is existing soil above that we can place some soil or filling soil granular type of soil and then inside this soil first we will place the reinforcement then again we place the granular soil then again we place the another reinforcement then we can place the soil then another reinforcement and then the foundation will be constructed. So, basically the filling type of material is this geosynthetic reinforcement is suitable and again we are talking about the geotextile, geogrid, geonet, geomembrane and geocomposite. So, these are basically used for different purposes. So, that means we are talking about the geosynthetic is suitable for the bearing capacity improvement. So, that is not only purpose of geosynthetic. Geosynthetic it can acts as a separator, it can act as a bearing capacity improvement material, it can act as a drainage purpose it can we can use and we can use it for a barrier purpose. So, suppose the geotextile it is if used if it is bearing capacity mainly we use that is for the geogrid. Now, geomembrane for the barrier purpose, geonet for the drainage purpose and geotextile is for all less all purpose. Now, here geocomposite basically we if we use for multiple purpose suppose we want to use for the bearing as well as for the drainage purpose then we will clap this geogrid and geonet and from a new type of material that is geocomposite. So, basically here we will talk only the bearing capacity improvement part because we are dealing with the foundation. So, only the bearing capacity improvement part basically the geogrid is used and this geotextile is also used. So, this two type of material generally is used for the bearing capacity improvement. So, that thing we will discuss in this class. Now, here we are talking about the. So, when you place the geosynthetic within the soil for the bearing capacity improvement. So, then what are the design factors that is very important. So, first design factors. So, first design factor is the number of reinforcement. So, then the next design factor the where we will place the top reinforcement layer that means this is the u is the where we will place the top reinforcement that is one thing that we have to decide that is u. Then the spacing between two reinforcement layer the spacing is also we have to decide and then what would be the length of the reinforcement. So, this is spacing another one that is the material property of the reinforcement. So, these are the design factor for the reinforcement and obviously as usual for the unreinforced soil the soil properties and the load these are also some design factor. But these are the additional design factors that we have to consider during the design of the reinforced earth. So, now the first we have to decide what is the number of reinforcement that we will provide then the where we will place the first reinforcement layer and why this u is so important. Then the spacing between two reinforcement layer now the length of the reinforcement why the length of the reinforcement is basically very important and the properties of material properties of reinforcement of geosynthetics. Now, first we will discuss that why what are the different types of failure of this reinforced earth. Now, first we will discuss what are the different types of failure of the reinforced earth that means the various. Now, first type of failure is that this is the failure if that reinforcement suppose this is our foundation and this is our existing soil is here and we apply the load on the foundation. So, what will happen that it will perform in this form and then this is the failure surface and this is the failure surface. Now, if that reinforcement is placed below this failure surface then if this is the reinforcement say if reinforcement is placed below this failure surface then if it is then this soil will act as a unreinforced soil. Because most of the failure surface of failure has been occurred before above the reinforced earth soil. So, that means the effect of reinforcement will not come into this foundation. So, that means here the basically this material will be wastage. So, there will be one type of failure. So, that is why placing of reinforcement is very important. Reinforcement is the first layer and it is recommended that, but this U cannot be greater than 30 centimeter. So, that means from the ground surface. So, that means for 30 centimeter depth one reinforcement layer we have to provide to avoid this type of failure. So, that means this is one type of failure where reinforcement is placed far below the foundation and all of failures has been occurred above this reinforcement. So, there is this effect of reinforcement will not act or this will not consider in this design. So, that is one type of failure. Now, the second type of failure that when we are talking about this is say foundation this is the existing ground.  Now, what will happen that for this small length this total system will fail. Now, question is why? Now, if this is the foundation failure surface we should have some sufficient anchor length beyond two side of the failure surface. Now, suppose if I place it here what will happen this reinforcement this failure surface will pass and it will not affect this reinforcement. So, this is basically it will similar like a under reinforced soil. So, we will not get any benefit from the reinforcement. When we place sufficient anchor length beyond this two sides of the reinforcement then this is called say anchor length L e. So, this is the failure surface L e and if this is B.  Now, the question is why this anchor length is required? Now, that is why the length of reinforcement is also a very important issue when you design the reinforcement. Basically if I place the small width or if I place the reinforcement width or length equal to the width of the foundation then this will not give any effective solution for the foundation. So, we have to provide sufficient anchor length. Now, that is why we will provide this anchor length the question is that this when we are applying this load. So, that means this inside soil that will try to move this side. So, suppose if I this is foundation if I apply the load. So, suppose if there is two zones this is the inside zone and this is the outer zone. So, suppose this inside zone the soil will try to move in downward direction and this outer zone the soil will try to move in this direction. So, this soil is basically moving downwards and this soil this is say zone 2 and this is zone 1. So, in this zone 2 soil is going in pushing this zone 1 soil towards this direction and this zone 1 soil is moving going downward direction. Now, and similarly here also this in the failure zone this soil is moving downward direction the center one and side soil is basically this soil is pushing this soil in this two sides and the center one is moving downward direction as well as the pushing the this soil in the other side. Now, what will happen if we place only the reinforcement into this level. So, suppose if I place only that the into this level or further here only for this side. So, what will happen that this reinforcement will also move along with the soil. So, now we should have a sufficient anchor if I place anchor if I extend this reinforcement in this side. So, this reinforcement will provide an anchor this this reinforcement is insert in the soil within the soil it is inserted within the soil. So, what will happen this soil and this reinforcement internal friction that will provide an anchorage within the soil. So, that means this soil outside this reinforcement will hold this reinforcement in both sides. So, this soil because of this internal friction mechanism this soil will hold this reinforcement in the both side and this soil will move downward direction. Now, what will happen now there will be a this type of deformation pattern because there is sufficient anchorage. So, we will get this side of deformation pattern in the reinforcement. So, as we have to provide such that at the end of this reinforcement there is a very negligible deformation. So, that deformation is very negligible, but there is a sufficient anchorage and most of the deformation is in the centre. So, now this reinforcement will not move along with this soil movement. So, it will hold this soil is holding this reinforcement both side and this soil is moving downward. So, that there will not be any movement of this reinforcement along the soil. So, it will be in this position more or less in the outer side and then it will be deflect in this form. So, now if we provide only this length and here also only this length here also this is the failure surface beyond that if I provide the reinforcement then it will give this anchorage. So, that this reinforcement will not move within the soil and it will not come within this failure zone. So, and if I provide only within the failure zone. So, because of the as there is no outside anchorage is provided within this reinforcement then what will happen this reinforcement will move along the soil. So, it will be it will not give any benefit for the improvement purpose. So, that is another type of failure because this is a wastage of the money and then will not get any benefit. So, this is the second type of failure. Now, the third type of failure which is also very important is the third type of failure that when we apply the load here this is foundation this is existing ground and in the insert this foundation we provide the reinforcement. Suppose, this is the reinforcement fine. So, this one these are the reinforcement. So, when you are applying this load and we are talking about there is a sufficient anchorage within the reinforcement then what will happen that because of this anchorage force anchorage that when there is a tension is developed within the reinforcement because why this tension is developed because we can say that when this there is a sufficient anchorage is there. So, that means this soil is holding this reinforcement and this reinforcement within the centre region is moving downwards. So, if we hold something in both sides suppose we are holding this reinforcement both side and this soil is moving downward direction. So, we will one tension is developed within the reinforcement. So, that means and this there is a internal friction is there within the soil and geosynthetic or reinforcement and because of that and as we are applying as if we are holding this reinforcement both side and in the centre region this because of this soil foundation pressure this reinforcement is moving downward direction and we are holding the reinforcement because of this sufficient anchorage length we are giving. So, we are holding the reinforcement in the both side soil is holding the reinforcement in the both side and the centre one is moving downwards. So, because of that the reinforcement will be subjected a tension and this mechanism is that the internal friction is acting and because also that this friction is mobilized this tension is mobilized. So, that means their tension will develop within the reinforcement. Now, if the geosynthetic is not such steep that that can take that tension. So, what will happen there will be a failure. So, that means geosynthetic should be a steep such that and you have to choose the geosynthetic during the design such that the mobilized tension or induced tension within the geosynthetic that tension this geosynthetic can carry. So, if the strength potential strength of the geosynthetic is less than the mobilized tension or induced tension within the geosynthetic then this geosynthetic will fail. So, will not get any improvement. So, that means this geosynthetic should be sufficiently strong. So, that it can sustain or it can take the tension which is developed within the geosynthetic. So, that is another type of failure that is caused our tension failure. Next one is the creep failure or long term failure. Suppose, if there is a geosynthetic reinforced earth. So, we have this is the geosynthetic that we have placed here. So, after very long term what will happen the creep will occur within the geosynthetic creep means that is the strain against constant stress. So, that means at the when you apply the this tension will develop within the geosynthetic. So, that means if tension is developed within the geosynthetic. So, at very long time this if this geosynthetic is under tension for a long time. So, if it is under tension for a long time. So, that means what will happen there will be a strain within the geosynthetic. So, one is the deformation of the geosynthetic that is the vertical deformation due to the soil movement. Another is because of that when the tension is developed within the geosynthetic. So, geosynthetics are under pressure tension. So, because of this tension there will be a strain within the geosynthetic. So, if this strain within the geosynthetic occurs there is a possibility the strength of the material will reduce. So, if the strain is there material will reduce. So, if the strength of the material is not good enough then you will get a failure there is chance of failure. So, that is a and if the strain of the geosynthetic is very high then then also this total system will fail. So, this type of failure is called for the creep failure and in this creep can occur for the reinforcement as well as for the soil. So, now for this creep failure that means it is this this strain within the material because of this tension and this tension strength if this strain is high then this strength will reduce and this total system will fail. So, these are the four different types of failure for the reinforced earth that in foundation on the reinforced soil. Now, we are talking about that we here we are talking about that this geosynthetics will place because of this improvement of the load carrying capacity of the soil. Now, the question is how this improvement will occur because of this geosynthetics. So, now as we have mentioned there is a four different things that one is number of reinforcement. So, another is u u part we have already explained that we have sufficient u and then then the length of the reinforcement that also we have explained then the material property of the geosynthetic that will also that means the this u length would be sufficient length we have to provide such that there will not be any that means this there this there should be a anchorage of the reinforcement otherwise this reinforcement will move along with the soil and then the material property then we have to choose the use and this such that it can sustain under that induced strength. Another is this in the spacing also if the spacing between two geosynthetics very high suppose this is the spacing between two geosynthetics is very high then what will happen the failure will occur within that in two reinforcement because if the failure spacing is very high then if a very large spacing we provide then what will happen the failure will occur within that two geosynthetics within that soil of between two geosynthetics. So, what will happen we have to proper over the total system will fail. So, we have to provide proper spacing within the reinforcement another is the number of reinforcement that is very important issue that that where that how much improvement we will get if we increase the number of reinforcement is it linear that if I improve if I get 10 percent bearing say 100 percent bearing capacity improvement if I provide one layer if I provide two what will be the amount of the improvement that will be 200 if I provide three layer that will be 300 it is it a linear or what is the relation. So, that means we have to now we have to understand how much reinforcement you have to provide why this is not a linear thing then if it is a linear thing then you can provide infinite number of reinforcement which is actually not a good idea or it is not possible but why. So, that thing we will explain that how we will get the improvement for the soil now this improvement we will get. So, because of the two major action one is your confinement effect another is string effect string effect now what is confinement effect and what is string effect. Now suppose this is the foundation this is the existing ground level and this is the reinforcement we are providing this is before loading. Now when we apply the load in the foundation but this this soil will be also loaded. So, we will get one deformation of the reinforcement so this is before loading sorry after loading. So, now if I take this portion of any portion of the reinforcement suppose we are taking this portion of the reinforcement. So, what will happen so because if there is no deformation of the reinforcement there is no friction will develop. Now once we will get a deformation of the reinforcement what will happen there will be a friction. So, there is a relative movement and there is a movement between the soil and the geosynthetics. So, there is no movement between the soil and geosynthetics is it placed as it is no when it will deform there is a movement between the soil and the geosynthetics. Once this movement will start so that the friction will develop it is similar to the pile. So, if I apply the load on a pile vertical pile so that means this friction will act in the side friction will act in the upward direction the leaf loading is applied in the downward direction. The same thing when you apply the load so this tension will develop as I have mentioned. So, if the tension is developed that is because of this that means if the tension is developed so the who is countable is this tension. So, this tension there is a something that will countable is this tension. So, that means these things this friction is acting within the reinforcement. So, here if I take the other side so there is a tension t if I take a symmetric figure. So, this is the friction so t is tension and this is friction. Now, we can say that when we apply the we are applying the load when there is a deformation of the soil reinforcement then there is a movement of the between soil and reinforcement and then this friction is developed within the soil interface of the soil and the reinforcement. Once this friction is developed in the soil and the reinforcement and as a result in this tension is induced within the reinforcement. So, as we have mentioned that if I anchor this soil within and this anchorage force reinforcement is getting because of this friction between the soil and the reinforcement. So, first clear this part that this reinforcement this anchorage force this reinforcement is getting because of this interface friction. So, because of this interface friction mechanism soil is holding the reinforcement and because of that this tension is developed within the reinforcement. And this will occur if there is a deformation between the soil and the the reinforcement. Once there is no deformation of the reinforcement this phenomena this action will not come into picture. When you apply the load in the reinforcement is deformed then you will get this type of action. So, that means this friction is developed and because of that the tension is induced and mobilized within the reinforcement. Now, once we can say this tension is developed within the reinforcement. So, that means somewhere a compression is also acting. So, that means we can say the tension is developed in the reinforcement. So, that means the some amount of the same amount of the compression is also developed somewhere. So, once as I mentioned the soil cannot take the tension it can take only the compression. So, tension is developed in the reinforcement and compression is developed within the soil. So, as soil compression force is developed within the the soil and then what will happen the soil become dense that means if soil is under compression so its strength or properties that will improve. So, if we apply a compressive force on the soil and then its strength or properties that will improve. So, that is called the confinement effect that means it is the soil is under confined condition. So, that is under compressive force is developed it is the confined compressor condition. So, that is why its properties is also improved and strength of this soil that will also improve. So, that is called confinement effect where because of this action this soil strength is improved. Next one is the string effect that is also very important or membrane effect we can say. So, that means the if so there is a reinforcement pattern. So, here the T is developed here here T is tension is developed and this angle is say theta this angle is also theta. So, that means at the top of the reinforcement this force is acting this is the normal force sigma n top. So, because of this things this shear force that will act here also shear force that will act here also the reaction force here this will act in the bottom direction. So, this is sigma n B. So, these are the two stresses that will exist these are the two vertical stresses. So, this is sigma n T is the top of the reinforcement and sigma n B is the bottom of the reinforcement. So, now if I take the cross component of these two. So, these two forces will be cancel out if it is symmetric. Now, we can say that if I take the sin component the sigma n T plus sorry that is equal to 2 T sin theta plus sigma n B. So, sigma n B is equal to sigma n T minus 2 T sin theta. So, that means we can say that the stress below the reinforcement is less as compared to the top of the top of the reinforcement. So, at this top level and the bottom level if I compare the vertical stress that at the bottom level stress is less as compared to the stress at the top level. So, this is is because of this string action or this membrane action. So, that means here we can see this is sin theta if there is no deformation theta is 0 then then sigma n B is equal to sigma n T, but when there is a sufficient deformation then this stress in the lower region that will reduce. So, once the stress is the soil is reduced then the definitely the load carrying capacity of the soil that is increase that means some stress is taken by this mobilized within this reinforcement. So, that means the stress carrying capacity of the soil that will also increase. So, this is this is the one action that is cost string a string. So, because of this two effects one is string effect one is confinement effect this bearing capacity is improved for the reinforced soil or reinforced foundation. Now a very important thing is that what would be the number of reinforcement what is the improvement pattern if I increase the reinforcement. So, one thing is that if I compare and if I compare this see this expression that if theta is if I increase the theta then what will happen the sin theta value will also increase and as the same time the sigma n B will further decrease. So, if there is a more reduction of sigma n B then stress in below the soil layer. So, that means that will efficiency of the reinforcement that will increase that means the if the. So, if there is a sufficient amount of the deformation within the reinforcement layer then the efficiency of this bearing capacity efficiency of the reinforcement that will increase because the stress below the reinforcement that will decrease further. So, that means there is a one very important conclusion that to get a sufficient amount of effectiveness there should be a sufficient amount of the deformation of the soil. So, that means if the soil is very good condition if the settlement of the soil and reinforced soil itself is very less then providing reinforcement will not give any effect it is not beneficial it is very quite obvious. But if the soil is very poor and there is a sufficient deformation of the soil in under reinforced condition in that case if we provide the reinforcement then the effectiveness of the reinforcement that will increase. For example, if I consider in this way that if the soil is good condition this under reinforced condition the deformation is say 20 millimeter and if I provide the reinforcement will get an deformation say 18 millimeter. So, that is a very small amount of the improvement but for say if it is soil is very poor condition deformation is say 100 millimeter. Now if I provide the reinforcement that deformation may come down to 60 or 70 millimeter. So, that is a huge amount of the although that 60 or 70 is greater than that 18 or 20 but the amount of the improvement or effectiveness of the reinforcement that is very high in case of soil with very poor condition. So, that means we have to provide reinforcement when there is a sufficient amount of the deformation within the soil this is a very important thing. So, another thing is that now so the question is if I so this is one thing that we have sufficient deformation another thing is that so should we have increase the if we increase the number of reinforcement how this improvement pattern will change. So, this is the linear the thing is that if suppose we provide a one layer of reinforcement our settlement will reduce if we provide a say another layer of reinforcement then settlement will reduce further if I provide say another layer of the reinforcement it will reduce further. So, what will happen once we get we are trying to increase the number of layer actually we are reducing the settlement and as I have mentioned that there should be a sufficient amount of the deformation to get the maximum amount of the benefit from the reinforcement. So, that is actually that benefit is reducing because as we are increasing the number of reinforcement the settlement is reducing. So, the effectiveness of the total system is also reducing. For example, if for the single layer of the reinforcement if there is a 30 percent or 40 percent settlement improvement of the soil then if you if I provide another layer. So, that will not be if it is 40 for the single layer for the double layer that will not be the 80. So, that will be less than 80 because the as we increase the because of for the first case also the settlement has further decrease if we use another reinforcement the settlement will further decrease. So, because of that the effectiveness of the reinforcement that will also decrease because as the settlement is reducing. So, again if I provide the third layer. So, there will not be so if it is less than 80 for the second layer then that settlement reduction will further the effectiveness will further decrease. So, this is not a linear case. So, after a certain time we will see that if I increase the number of reinforcement then there will not be any improvement because then soil becomes so steep there will be very very little amount of the deformation and the effective of the reinforcement will be very small. So, there will be not so much of the deformation. So, that means we have to restrict with a certain number. So, because after that if we increase the number that is useless. So, that is another case the next one is the similar this is similar to for the length of the reinforcement also because if I increase the reinforcement length there will be a sufficient anchorage length that will increase. So, that the anchor force will that will increase. So, but after a certain length if I increase the reinforcement further so that anchorage length that is useless. So, that is not giving any improvement in the soil because beyond that point that anchorage length is sufficient. So, after that it is not useful. So, that means here we can say that for this one this number of reinforcement that if I increase the number of reinforcement the improvement pattern is not not linear. So, as we number the increase the number of reinforcement the effectiveness of the total system that will reduce. So, up to after certain value we have to stop and that also depends on the type of loading type of soil that we are using. So, all those things that number you have to decide first. So, then spacing and then the placement of the top reinforcement length of the reinforcement. So, those and properties of the how much T so that the this reinforcement can sustain within the induced tension. So, those things we have to check when you design the reinforced part. So, that means this is very important issue we are talking about this reinforced foundation. So, some foundation on the reinforcement. So, that means we have to consider all these things before we when you design this type of foundation system you have to consider the failure pattern you have to consider the this all the design factors when you design this thing. Now, the next one another important structure that is our reinforced retaining wall now this reinforced retaining wall. So, we know this is our suppose they or cantilever retaining wall. So, this is a soil is filled this side and this is the existing soil or foundation. Now, here the soil is giving lateral pressure on the retaining wall. So, this lateral pressure is taken by this cantilever retaining wall, but here we are providing say steel and if it is a gravity retaining wall then the weight of the retaining wall itself is giving the resistance. But, similarly so therefore, this is cantilever retaining wall. Similarly, this things we can constructed by using the reinforcement. Suppose this is our existing ground then we placed the reinforcement layer here then fold the reinforcement layer and place the soil inside this reinforcement layer. Then we place another reinforcement layer top of this sand layer and fold it and then put the sand layer inside this reinforcement layer.  So, this is called reinforced retaining wall. So, this is suppose this is the height of the retaining wall here this will be the height of the retaining wall and now the here then what are the very important design factor when you talking about this retaining wall. One is again the if I go for this design factors or design parameters again first one will be one is your spacing between two reinforcement again spacing is very important factor. Then this length how much length will provide for the design that is. So, how much length will provide that is also very important factor for the design. So, that means, the length of the reinforcement then again this material property because again here also this tension will develop then how the why the tension will develop I will explain then, but for this material properties of the that means, this material property of the reinforcement is also a very important design factor. So, that means, so we are talking about these things for the reinforcement case and again for the other case the height of the retaining wall the soil properties of the filling material as well as the foundation material. Those are also very important design factors, but for the reinforcement purpose this spacing this length and this material properties these are very important factor when you consider this reinforcement. Now, this how this tension is developed within the this geosynthetic reinforced soil that means, the tension is developed suppose if this is the existing soil if I another important thing that this folding length this is also very important. So, when I fold this reinforcement so this length is also very important. So, these are that means, the length of the reinforcement this total length and this L 0 also very important design factor. Now, the how this tension is developed so if I place this one if they place reinforcement here with soil then place another layer then place another layer. So, now if I consider a failure pattern like this so this is 45 degree plus 5 by 2 as we know this 45 degree plus 5 by 2. So, if I consider failure pattern then what is actually happening here so that means, this total system this total soil mass along with this reinforcement is trying to slide along this failure surface. So, that but this reinforcement is basically actually holding this soil mass so it will try to prevent it will try to prevent this slide. Now, how it can be possible now if sufficient anchorage length if we provide sufficient anchorage length of the reinforcement beyond the failure surface then it is possible. So, as if the some something is sliding here that means, this soil mass is sliding from this side and this soil mass along with this geosynthetics holding this sliding mass. So, and this is possible if the geosynthetics sufficient anchorage length is provided beyond this failure surface which is same as the previous case in the foundation in the reinforced soil. There also sufficient anchorage length is required beyond the failure surface. So, that means, we have to provide a sufficient length beyond the two side of the foundation. Here also we have to provide sufficient length beyond this failure age so that anchorage so that this reinforcement that means, this soils both side of the reinforcement is holding this reinforcement like the previous case it is holding the reinforcement and then this soil is try to slide. So, when this soil this is the soil is holding this soil and this reinforcement and this soil is trying to slide so what will happen there will be a tension is developed. So, that means, this tension is developed and this is this tension is developed and this anchorage force or this tension is develop that is T and that means, we have to provide the reinforcement such that it can sustain this tension. So, that means, this reinforcement should be sufficiently strong so that it can take this tension. So, that is also very important that is why material property you have to choose such that it can take the tension which is induced within the geosynthetic and again this tension which is mobilized within the geosynthetic that is developed because of this friction between the soil and the geosynthetic. So, in the next class we will discuss about the various type of reinforcement and their application and also how to design a reinforced retaining wall. Thank you.