It's interesting to hear these testimonies right now because When I had the opportunity to be in Massachusetts just a few days before that there was a group From this church that now we are good friends with they they returned from Philippines and They went there for if I'm not mistaken two weeks And there was plenty of people from there and they all started to share their stories of what happened in Philippines and One after another you could see their heart being broken You can see literally some of them just shattered they say I don't know what I'm going to do now with my life It's crazy. He said I just don't know and as they were talking I waited till all they finished and I Advised them on something.  You're coming to a world where you can put a band-aid on a girl or on a boy Who lost her dad and their mom in a big tsunami and you're leaving two hours later Your heart is broken and you know that there's so much more you would love to do, but you cannot and It's good to be exposed to pain It refocuses you it gives you perspective But I told them about something else. I said, but there's another experience that you can have is when you get exposed to God At first it seems What difference does it make the difference that it makes is when you get exposed to God?  I can't help these people They are too many. I'm just the one man and he left the whole scene But there was another time when Moses had another exposure and this time he had an exposure with God He had an exposure with the supernatural power of God and God gave him the purpose and God gave him the power and now this man who 40 years later Said I can't help these people came and not only help these people but deliver them and thousands of years later in some unknown part in the world Tri-Cities Washington people still talk about Moses Hollywood is releasing a movie about him toward the end of the year and People still remember that story of how one man not just got exposed to the trouble and the pain But he got exposed to the power of God to that degree Where he got empowered by God to go and change his world What is my point the point is it's always good to be exposed to the righteousness of human depravity It's good when you surround yourself the Bible says it's good to go to a funeral To a wedding it says it's good to go to a house or weeping into the house of mourning to the house of feasting You know even this week some of you know when you know some of us who knew this young man in Tri-Cities when the news announced that in Jail he had a severe seizure and he passed away and it's honestly It's heartbreaking when you hear stories like these you know you kind of like get exposed to people's pain And you walk out you begin to think about your life differently and that is good But we as Christians must understand the greatest exposure is not exposure to human depravity is to God's power God's power is bigger than human error God's name is bigger than our pain and When you get exposed to who God is when you get exposed to how great God is You're not just walking out with a sense of I had an awesome experience You don't just have something to post on Facebook saying blast Stupendous Awesome, but now you are responsible to do something about the encounter you have had I Want us to understand the world is expecting something out of us church Most of the people in our cities and in our regions doubt God and they have reasons to do so most of us here Don't doubt God because all those reasons have been removed because you have seen in your own life And you have witnessed firsthand the mighty power of the Lord Jesus Christ I remember when the young man even during this camp came to me the next day.  I didn't pray specifically for the sake We prayed for something else and he said I would love to see that I said, you know the last night there was a girl who was deaf in one ear and When I prayed for her and the my hands left her ears her ear popped right open He said it can't be he said it can't be at this camp I said it happened at this camp and she will testify and immediately his demeanor changed and he says this is real I said it always was It never stopped me real There's nothing too difficult for our God When you get exposed to how great God is something happens. It has to challenge you to go higher in faith It has to challenge you to step out more in holiness. It has to increase your hunger for the word of God When you see the power of God, it has to change something about you. You can no longer live the same Sometimes we feel like well if I had exposed to something super great Then automatically my life will change, but it's not always the case We must understand is we have a role to play in making sure that once we are exposed to the power of God that we Don't live the same that we now stretch ourselves a little bit more We push the boundaries a little bit more we step out a little bit more We take risks a little bit more and we give a little bit more we fast a little bit more We meditate and God's word a little bit more that we give ourselves to God a little bit more and only then we begin To see this power deposited into us begin to work mightily in our midst Through the glory of God because somebody say amen You know and this kind of has been happening and some of you have seen and unfortunately We're getting to that part of our ministry where we're gonna work on Recording the problem is when usually when I go to places. I don't have anything on me except my iPhone To record with now our phones have become our photo cameras video cameras our phone books and our bibles Our notebooks everything and so and as you see the recordings are really bad But talking to a lot of people I've started to notice one thing is that because we see a lot of wonderful things that the Lord does Once a month during prayer lines This causes me as a Christian to take a little bit more and stretch my faith That when it's my time to pray for the sick, I have a faith that's a little bit more stretched When I go to these camps and I see Death ears open or somebody who could not walk because of his knee for three years And this young man that you saw the testimony you couldn't hear on Sunday He goes to very traditional church. He came back to this church where the camp was in and testified again He says it's been four days. He said my knee doesn't hurt whatsoever. I just got that text message before the service That challenges me when I come back home. This is not a pat on the back say oh God does miracles This is a pat on the backs of lad. You just just a little bit more of faith Just got open for you push in a little bit further a little bit more of hunger for God's word Just got released to you push in a little bit further a little bit more of who God is and what he wants to do Just got open to you. It's like, you know when you play that sugar addiction game Candy Crush and there's a certain level and then you get unlocked another level That's exactly what happens when you see miracles God unlocks another level for you in your faith somebody say amen Your faith has been a lock another level has been a lock in our life and in our destiny somebody say hallelujah I just really want to challenge that each person who came from Colombia each each one of us who witnesses these things Please let's not stay on the same level. Let's not be on the same level. Let's step it up remember God Unlocks another level in your life another level of trust in him another level of love for him another just this a little bit further of Just peace in him joy in him Relaxation in him of just literally leaning on him being led by him take it as the Lord is Unlocking another level and that's how we are gonna grow amen And that's how God is going to open the doors Are we gonna see crusades or we're gonna go as a team minister to thousands? Thousands of people and people will be healed saved and deliver somebody say yes Hey, man If you have your Bible for the brief moment that we have together I want to read to you one verse that is no stranger to neither of us Isaiah chapter 54 and verse 17 Isaiah 54 and verse 17 No weapon formed against you Shall prosper and every tongue Which rises against you in judgment? You shall condemn this is the heritage of the servants of the Lord and Their righteousness is from me Says the Lord somebody say amen. I want to speak to you briefly from this scripture And if you take notes you can title it condemning condemnation Condemning condemnation we encourage In our church to take notes we encourage in our church to post notes on your Facebook on your Twitter on your Instagram and to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ also through social media condemning condemnation a few weeks ago It was very interesting thing that was happening in my office upstairs is there was Just this old smell that was there and I decided to light a candle and because I didn't have matches With me, but I had this What do you call that thing when you true the lighter?   It's that kind of a thing where judges you with your own kind of voices inside of your head And though you're forgiven You still have that kind of like if I could say this smoke in your mind Something triggers that memory And many people will choke in their Christian life Many people will suffer in their Christian life though they're forgiven, but they don't know how to deal with the guilt Sometimes an occasion happens when somebody gets a very painful event in their life Whether it's a divorce of their parents or maybe it's a breakup of a relationship Or maybe somebody who you trusted and you put your confidence in Betrays you and turns against you and this does something very very hurtful And it seems like your world collapsed everything shattered Maybe you got a life-threatening disease and the doctors diagnosis have said that you literally don't have much to live Maybe a loss of a loved one or a friend something that is so Painful that happens and there is that mourning period. There is that sorrow period that lasts for a while But after that period we are done with that period Usually there is that kind of cloudness heaviness that still exists from an event that has happened in someone's life And today we are going to just take this scripture and learn something that the lord teaches us of how we can overcome These occurrences that happen in our life I remember being in last week in seattle and I heard a very unfortunate story a friend of mine Who's a youth pastor had a young man who who had a girlfriend and they were in a relationship and everything was good until one day I don't know the details, but the relationship fell apart and she walked away from him And it was a very heartbreaking experience like it will always be and instead of you know, taking a few months to just kind of recover that relationship Devastated the rest of his life and he lived for a year and a half after that still being broken over something that happened Year and a half ago And two weeks ago he committed suicide He was a christian man And they the whole youth group you I will now walked in that I could sense this shock This kind of like disappointment how could someone be you know a christian and Have something bad happened to them and yet Not deal with it not kind of shake it off. I mean I understand three months being sorrowful But year and a half you're a young man and Something is not right with that when I was in massachusetts a few days before that At the last service I had this very strong word in my heart that there was one person in that meeting Who was contemplating suicide? And when I'm praying and just kind of praying praying and I tried to avoid that because I kind of knew most of the people there And I'm like they might be contemplating other things But suicide is not one of them and so I'm debating with my mind But but I just went ahead and said it and there was a one wonderful young man that came in for for prayer and Turns out that similar situation happened to him He's an american man who went to a russian church And two years before that he proposed to a russian girl in front of a russian church And they were prepared to get married everything supposed to be fine Until three weeks before the wedding. She called it off And of course he felt so embarrassed. He felt so ashamed It shattered his world. He said Vlad I stopped going to this church. I stopped going to church I immersed myself into work. I disconnected myself from God. I got involved with illegal drugs And I contemplated suicide already And when he came to the front we prayed after prayer he says I felt something leave me And that very night he gave his life to jesus christ He's he's probably gonna listen to this message Because he still writes and we communicate and he says well, I'm going back to the church Jesus christ is disconnecting me. See the event that happened is long gone But the effects of that event were still lingering At first When something bad happens or even your sin your condemnation and you hold on to it for the first few months The problem is this is after those few months that Starts to hold on to you And most people that I meet they first hold on to something bad that happened to them Hold on to the guilt and shame and and just these words people spoken over them Hold on to their past or hold on to certain things that have happened in their life They hold on to it because it's so dear because it seems so right because it feels Relief And after a while they say you know what I think I'm ready to go But now these things are holding on to them and they cannot let it go without divine intervention And today we are here to let every single person know You don't have to hold on to your past You don't have to hold on to your sin. You don't have to hold on to your addiction You don't have to hold on to your shame. You don't have to hold on to your guilt And you don't have to hold on to your bitterness You don't have to hold on to anything and if something is holding on to you You have a name that is bigger than any other name If he could disconnect a young man named journey germy in massachusetts He can disconnect you. He disconnected donkey so the donkey can be used by Jesus. He can disconnect you today for the glory of God. It may be something as small as fear at night. It may be something as big as suicidal thoughts that you cannot shake off. It may be something as big as the abuse when you are a little child and it's still hovering over your life and pushes you to immorality but I have a news for you at the Good News Church. Jesus Christ still sets the captives free and if you are a captive he has freedom for you. Somebody say yes. Somebody say amen. So Jesus is able to do that. When we refuse to hold on to it and we hold on to Jesus and his word. He is able to set us free. He is able to give us another day and give us another chance. This verse that we read today it says that no weapon formed against you will prosper and every tongue that rises against you in judgment you will condemn. I'll just unpack this in just a moment but I want to let you know that the enemy I think was Prophet David Joshua said he says Satan doesn't come to you with his weapons loaded shooting on you.  If you think that Satan will come knocking on the door and say I am Lucifer from the pit of hell you're mistaken that will never happen.  Let me remind you Satan did not unleash his power to the world without opening his mouth to our ancestors and it was after they believed what he said it was after they heeded his voice that they opened their life for his power. He didn't bring one sickness one heartache one murder one suicide one horrible sin not one thing was brought on this earth until Satan found an ear that was open to what he had to say. When your ear is open to what he has to say your life will be open to what he has to do. Satan doesn't come crashing your life until he first invades your heart through your ears he sends the voices that come through your feelings and your circumstances they come through the people in the past who have said you are worthless you will never make it look at your life it's full of setback and sins maybe it's your sin crying out to you saying you are just stupid you are a sinner and Satan slips in through that when you open your life to that you open your life to his power and the same thing is opposite true when we open our life to the Word of God we open our life to the Spirit of God when we open our life open our life to the voices of the devil we open our life to his vices his evils and his power amen and what the Lord is saying through prophet Isaiah he says no weapon formed against she will prosper what he's saying is Satan has weapons of disappointment defeat break up in life but they will not prosper and he says this is why because every voice that rises against you in judgment you will condemn it imagine this you are in a courtroom and Satan has evidence against you there is facts there is circumstances there is evidence you've done it and here is the record and the enemy forces the record against you to say you are not righteous you are not good enough you are not holy God is not gonna bless you and he forces that and you look at that evidence and if that's the only thing that you see he will judge and condemn you you will walk out of that being condemned you walk out of that saying you know what God is not gonna love me God is not gonna use me all of these good promises there for good kids I happen not to be one of them and guess what happens then Satan's weapons become effective because wherever his voice is heated his vices will not be resisted when we are open to his voice we will be open to his vices but this is what God gives us the promise for he says Satan will have the facts the enemy will have the proof and when all of this is done he says you will rise against those voices and you will condemn them if you did drugs and he says you're drug drug addict if you drink and he says you're an alcoholic if you were abused and he says you're destroyed if you were hard was broken and you feel like you're a failure how can you silence a voice that says the truth how can you condemn a voice that rises in judgment against you and that this voice has proof and God gives us the secret God says because their righteousness is from me God said the reason why they'll be able to stand up to every fact Satan throws in them is because they know one thing is their righteousness does not come from their works it doesn't come from their deeds it doesn't come from their past it comes directly shipped from heaven as a gift and they tell the enemy you know what enemy you've included all of my sins against me you missed few let's add all of them up there's some things I've done you don't even know about let's put all of that stuff if you want to be real let's get real let's get down and dirty let me tell you everything and after we are done with this take red ink and cross it from one side of the paper to the other because it was all washed by the blood of Jesus Christ I am righteousness from God let the enemy throw his best case against you but after all of this is done the Bible says the reason they will condemn those voices is not because they know how to argue not because they're religious people not because they don't miss church even though that's important but because they know my righteousness does not come from my virginity my righteousness does not come from my Bible reading my righteousness does not come from my attendance of church my righteousness comes as a gift from a man who two thousand years ago willingly gave himself to hang on the Calvary and paid for all of my sin the ones I've done the ones I've thought of doing and the ones I wished I wouldn't do all of those sins he paid for that today I can take his righteousness upon myself and when the tongues are against me I can rise up and say you got the wrong person in the courtroom because this person has was judged on the cross the new person that's here is the righteousness of Jesus Christ and when you walk out of this kind of a courtroom the Bible says no weapon formed against you can prosper because no tongue rises against you will succeed if you don't let the devil succeed speaking against you you will stop him planning attacks against you you will be able to stop his weapons or he will make those weapons he will throw them at you maybe even sickness will come against you but there's something gonna be about you you're gonna walk around say I am healed by the stripes of Jesus Christ you saying no Satan get the garbage back to yourself because I believe what the word of God says weapons cannot prosper if his voices do not find a place in our head because somebody say a man and this is what God says no weapon formed against you will prosper no tongue the rises against you you will condemn in judgment and he says this is the heritage of the Lord the righteousness is from me this is the heritage of the Lord you know what that means your God's offspring your God's possession can I put you in the plain language you belong to God this might be small but that simply means you don't belong to sickness that simply means you don't belong to depression you're not the offspring of suicide you're the offspring of the Lord God says these weapons Satan you got against them they're not gonna prosper these people are not yours these people don't belong to their boyfriends or their girlfriends they belong to me I am the father these people don't belong to some event that happened when they were three years of age these people belong to an event that happened when they were not even born at the Calvary these people don't belong to their sickness they belong to their healer they don't belong to their defeat they belong to their victor they don't belong to their poverty they belong to one who owns the thousand hills and a thousand cattle's who owns everything in this universe God says this is my heritage your weapons cannot succeed you've got wrong people Satan these are wrong people they don't belong to you they don't belong to some weird events in their life they belong to me and because of that you can fire the shot but it won't hit them why I'm gonna protect them and the reason come on and the reason why they will not allow these things to come into their life is because they will stop the voices that come against them in their tracks I want to encourage you tonight and let you know that Jesus Christ is on your side as a Christian you have righteousness not because you feel it but because you believe it you have righteousness because Jesus died on the cross and today you have to walk in that righteousness it's easy to walk in that righteousness when you're on smoke you don't drink everything is fine and it seems like you didn't do anything bad but in that moment never lean on how you feel always lean on what God says don't feel when you feel good that doesn't means you're righteous you are righteous because God says you're righteous you are not righteous because you feel righteous you should feel righteous because you are righteous because of Jesus Christ and when the enemy throws things against you you have to let him speak but then after that you have to say Satan my righteousness came as a gift I'm so sorry it never was offered to you but it was offered to me I did exactly same thing that you did you're going to hell but I'm going to heaven because my God loves me so much somebody say amen I declare over your life that the weapons Satan planned will not prosper in Jesus name I declare the weapons of all kinds of nightmares the weapons of sickness the weapons of setback the weapons of depression the weapons of suicide the weapons of lack the weapons of sickness and all kinds of demonic attacks will not prosper because you belong to God come on somebody say amen and the voices Satan sends against you you will condemn say I will condemn every voice say every voice that rises against me in judgment say every weapon say every weapon that Satan plans against me will not prosper say because I belong to God somebody say amen I know this is simple but this is the truth and is able to set you free


This is how you guys are going to strap down the frame. I hope you guys can see everything that I'm showing you guys. Now, in the Sprinter Vans, they do have D-rings. These are the D-rings. So, this is our stretcher strap that we just fixed up right here, right? This is all you're gonna do is very simple. All you're gonna do is take this hook, you see this hook right here? Take this hook, and you're gonna put it on one D-ring. And then you're gonna take the other hook, and all you're gonna do is put this on this other ring right here. Then go, and that's it. And then, you're just gonna pull this closed like this. Like that, you see that right there? Put it closed like that, and then you're gonna hit this lever. It's a little lever right here. Hit the lever, and then you're gonna close it. Open, close, open, close. That's it. It's strapped in. Shake it. Make sure you shake the frame so it don't move anywhere while you're driving. How do you loosen it up? That's how you loosen it up. All you're gonna do is hit the lever, open like this. You heard that noise? That means it's open, it's loose. All you're gonna do is pull it like that. It's just as simple.


This study examined the complications associated with hip joint endoprostesis for congenital hip dislocation. The results showed that profuse bleeding, femur fractures, corpuscular acetabular layer fractures, sciatic nerve damage, femoral nerve damage, femoral component loosening, polyethylene prosthetic wear, phlebitis and thromophlebitis, and autographed resorption were all observed. Despite these complications, the overall assessment of the endoprostesis by Harris was between 86 and 92 points, indicating good results.


It won't be as intense as the first two practices, and no, with the sour taste in your mouth, although this is, you know... Yeah, tap day. That's what Vance Joseph said, tap day. And that's okay. They got most of their work in Tuesday, Wednesday. Rehydrating after today's run and lifting. So, my birthday just came and went, and YouTube, you noticed, and you picked up on it, and I appreciate that. And you've also picked up on the fact that I enjoy running, and I feel like I'm pretty good at it. And, you know, we all have different talents. The bottom of the ladder for me is music.  It probably will never happen in my lifetime, and I've accepted that, and that's okay. But on the running, on the other hand, like, I'm okay at it, so let's go. Let's make it happen.  I'm just gonna say that this person comments down below a lot, and I appreciate the comments. And so, this person took it upon, I will, I guess, just say himself, to purchase for me, for my birthday, a premium subscription for Strava for an entire year. What? Now, I have not uploaded it yet, but I'm just looking here, like, it just arrived in my email, and I have a code that I plug into Strava. And Strava, like, is great. The free version is awesome, but I know with a premium, you can do a lot more. You can analyze workouts, you can, like, you have access to leaderboards in different ways. I don't know all the features, but it's, you can do, I think at some point, you can do, like, live tracking somehow. Anyway, I'm excited. Thank you. You know who you are. You nailed it as far as a gift for me for my birthday. I appreciate it. I appreciate it. Hun! What?  You're not, we're not gonna say his, we're not gonna say, we're not gonna say his name. Okay. But now, so he's a viewer of the vlog. Okay. And he got me a what, there's his name. Bless you. A one-year premium subscription to Strava. Whoa!  Okay, that's ridiculous. Isn't that cool? That's the brilliant idea. Isn't that brilliant, a premium subscription? You're so smart now. So, like, I have access to, like, leaderboards and, like, access to all- Happy birthday. Isn't that amazing, man? I know. Oh my gosh. So, thank you. Okay, that's incredible. That's a great gift. That's a great gift. You know what I like to do, and he crushed it. What a generous, thoughtful, and, like, very brilliant. And what's the word? Really? Like, yeah, it's exactly, he will love it, he will use it. I'm not even using it yet, and I already love it. I should have thought of that. To be honest, I didn't even know. Yeah, you definitely outdid the wife here. I'm much more simple, but that's fantastic. Yeah, so. Strava premium. Wow. Boom. Boom. Take that. First of all, thank you again to the viewer who got me the Strava premium. It's a me. I'm already playing around with it. I can set goals now. Whoa. Whoa. For each week, you can pick, like, a mileage goal. I wonder if you can pick a vertical goal. Hmm. Anyway, thank you again for buying me Strava premium for my birthday. It's amazing. All right. A little bit of admin real quick before I forget. The next couple of days are going to be a little different on the vlog. I will still make a video for you every day, but true love and air going, going away for our anniversary. We get away every year for anniversary and it's, it's arrived tomorrow. So just bear with me on uploading. And anyway, we'll make something for you. We'll make something for you. Okay. Today ran up a mountain. It was snowing. It was cold. Hung out with some goats, met some good runners along the way. But as I continue this running path, I want to stay healthy. I want to be smart in like, I don't want to get injured. And one way to prevent injuries is to be strong and to like, for example, my ankles, I'm realizing like, I need to really focus on those ankles because of Lake Sonoma, because of rolling it at the dirty 30, not to mention falling, but that's, that's, you know, just blood, sweat and tears there. So today I went to the rec center. I'm sitting on your screen right now doing a little bumper upper body. I love the arm motion of the running motion. Everyone at the rec center. When I'm doing that is I staring at me like, dude, that's not how you work your biceps and they don't really realize like, I'm not doing it for the biceps. I'm doing it for the arm motion when I'm pumping at the end of a race, you know, I could have used a little bit more of that for the dirty 30. So, but my favorite, oh yeah, a little squatting. My favorite lift at the rec center is hip flexors. And so when you're driving your knee forward, I wish you could see what I'm doing right now, but when you're driving your knee forward, you're seeing it right now. I do it with like 90 pounds on my leg and I'm just boom. And that like up upward motion for going up a mountain. It's like so critical. So that's my favorite lift at the rec center. All right, folks. I need to edit today's blog so we can wake up early so we can go to our secret spot in downtown Denver and relax. So we love you guys. See beauty, work hard, love each other. And summer's here. I hope your summer's going well. Sorry I haven't had a question of the day recently. Question of the day. What are you doing in the next month or two for summer?  What do you do in the summer in the next couple of months? I'd love to know. So let me know down in the comments. That's the question of the day. All right, now we're signing off. Peace.


Germany called for the UK and France to form a nuclear shield against Russia. A German minister has called for the UK and France to form a nuclear shield against Russia, according to Metro Media Outlet. Christian Linde made the suggestion after Donald Trump said he would let Russia do whatever the hell it wants to NATO members if they devote 2% of their GDP to defence. The finance minister wrote under what political and financial conditions would Paris and London be prepared to maintain or expand their own strategic capabilities for collective security. When it comes to peace and freedom in Europe, we must not shy away from these difficult questions. The UK and France are Europe's only states with nuclear powers and maintain their own control over the weapons despite being in NATO. France has traditionally seen itself as a counterweight to US influence in NATO. It does not participate in NATO's nuclear planning group, according to Metro. But President Emmanuel Macron insists that France must maintain its independence when it comes to the possible use of nuclear weapons. President Joe Biden branded Trump's remarks dangerous and un-American, seizing on the former president's comments as they fuel doubt among US partners about its future dependability on the global stage. He said in December his country has a very special responsibility as a nuclear power in Europe and stands by its allies and European partners.


So, for simplifying context free grammars, we carry out three processes. One is removal of useless symbols, the second is removal of epsilon productions and today we will look at elimination of unit productions. The first two processes we have already covered in the earlier lectures. The unit productions are productions of the kind A goes to B. In other words the right hand side consists of exactly one non-terminal. So, production of the kind where the left hand side as usual is a non-terminal and the right hand side consists of just one non-terminal such things are called unit productions. So, these are productions of this type are unit productions and we would like to eliminate all such productions from the grammar without affecting the language generated by the grammar. In other words as before we are given one context free grammar G 1. From here we would like to get another context free grammar G 2 such that the two grammars generate the same language and G 2 does not have unit productions. Recall that such grammars pairs of grammars are equivalent grammars because they generate the same language. And the way we eliminate all unit productions is very similar to the way we eliminate epsilon productions. Remember epsilon productions were productions where the right hand side contained just the empty string epsilon. Now what we do is to remove all unit productions step one is to identify all pairs of non-terminals A B such that all pairs of non-terminals A B such that A derives B. Recall this means in number of steps one or more steps A from A you can go to B. Actually this we have used for 0 or more steps that is if you can go in 0 or more steps from A to B then we say that A derives B. Now how do we do this how do we find out all such pairs? Of course, trivially every such pair will satisfy this that of course you can go from A to A using no production at all. So, using 0 production you can go from A to A but this is the trivial case. More interesting case is when you can go from A to B in exactly one step that is exactly in one step of derivation you can go from A to B. And when is that possible? Clearly that will be possible when you have a production of this kind. So, what we will do is as we did for epsilon productions we will start with a base and from there we can generate the rest of pairs such that A derives B. So, in the base set will consist of A B where A goes to B is a production and you can now see inductively what we are going to do that if we have already defined let us say A goes to B and let us say B 1, B goes to C 1, C 1 goes to C 2 and so on. And let us say C n goes to C n plus 1 then clearly from all this you can see that A also will derives this non-terminal C n plus 1. So, therefore, A C n plus 1 is going to be such a pair actually we can do it in a more straight forward manner which is a little more intuitively clear. But even let me complete what I was saying here that we start with the base case. So, base consists of identifying all pairs A B such that A goes to B is a production. So, let me write it down base consists of all pairs A B satisfying above and induction is going to be that suppose I have created a number of such pairs you know starting with the base following whatever we are suggesting we have already have a number of pairs satisfying this. And then if I find that in my set A B is already included and B goes to C is a production is in P then A go A C pair is added to the set being inductively constructed A C is already not there. Now this way in other words I have created some amount of these pairs and then I look at all unit productions again and see that if I have any situation where B is the right hand side of something that I already have in that case I will put the left hand side pair with C this is the new pair that I am adding provided it is already not there. So, this way we carry out carry on till we find that the set that we are constructing cannot be made any larger this is the usual inductive construction that we did for eliminating epsilon productions. I just remarked that we can see this process of identifying all pairs such that A derives B is the case in the grammar a little more simply and clearly and that is if you think of a graph consider a die graph directed graph where non terminals are the vertices. So, consider a directed graph we are defining a directed graph in which first of all I define the vertices of the graph are the non terminals in the grammar and then we will put an edge and edge A to B is there if A goes to B is one of the productions in the grammar. So, it is very simple that you start with the set of all non terminals as vertices of a die graph and at this edge and this is a directed edge A to B if A goes to B is a production and now in that graph if you find that there is a path from C 1 to C 2 in the graph. So, a path from C 1 to C 2 in the graph will be there if and only if C 1 derives C 2 this is not difficult to see why this is happening. So, start with a die graph whose vertices are the non terminals and the edges are all those unit productions in the graph and then to check whether A derives B or not all you need to see if there is a path. Now, remember in this case the path is going to be a sequence of directed edges. So, if there is a path from A to B in the graph that means A derives B and that is fairly easy to see why that is happening. Now, this is how first of all we identify all pairs of non terminals such that A derives B. So, after carrying out the step 1 we carry out step 2 and in step 2 first of all we remove all unit productions and in the second part of step 2 we add some productions. So, that the removal of this unit productions will not affect the language which is being generated. So, say add new productions and which are these new productions the idea let me explain first. See suppose in the old grammar you had A derives A goes to B is a production. So, it is possible in a tree in a derivation you replaced A with B and then applied one production which you know had non which is not a unit production. So, let us say this one was D 1 D 2. So, in effect what is happening is A is deriving D 1 D 2 D 3. So, now if this unit production is not there this unit production A goes to B is not there then what I want is that from A I should be able to directly derive or I should have a production. So, that from A D 1 D 2 D 3 can be obtained if one can replace A by D 1 D 2 D 3. So, this is the basic idea. Therefore, the language which is the generated the language which is being generated will not be affected. So, let us see what we how do we say this we say that suppose A derives B in the old grammar G. Now, you should say the old grammar G and the new grammar is the G 1 that we are the new grammar is G 1 which is what we are defining. So, if in the old grammar from A you could derive B then and let us say that and B goes to alpha is a non unit production. We add in G 1 the grammar getting constructed the production new production A goes to now in the old example of ours this was A this was B. So, in the old grammar G you could have derived from A this D 1 D 2 D 3. Now, what is happening we said. So, if you look at what we have said. So, here alpha is D 1 D 2 D 3 this is alpha and B derives alpha and A goes to B is a production. So, you are seeing add the production A D 1 D 2 D 3. So, then you would be able to generate the same string which the derivation of that tree was carrying out. It is not difficult to see why this would ensure that the new grammar G 1 will generate the same language at the same time the new grammar G 1 will not have any unit productions because we have already removed them. Just one point here see recall that B goes to alpha we said is not a unit production is this a unit production. It is not a unit production because remember although unit in the sense one although the right hand side consists of only one symbol, but because this is a terminal it is not a unit production. If in case of a unit production it has to be that B goes to something which is a non terminal one non terminal. So, this takes care of the process of elimination of unit productions from a grammar G to obtain a new grammar G 1 and the fact that the two grammars are equivalent. That means they generate the same language that can also be proved and that proof is very similar in all these proofs are by induction and that proof is very similar to the proof that we had given when we constructed a new grammar from an old grammar having removed all epsilon productions. Of course, there we had to say that the new grammar will generate all strings as the old grammar did except epsilon the empty string. So, now you see that we have learnt three processes or three procedures for simplifying a context free grammar and these are removal of useless symbols then removal of epsilon productions, removal of let me give a title to this that it is going to be the procedures for simplifying a grammar. These are the three procedures that we have learnt for simplifying a grammar and now a question arises in which order I should carry these out. See the re the ordering is important because what should not happen is that the effect of carrying out one procedure is destroyed by a subsequent procedure. In other words we should have that order in which whatever I did earlier that effect is not going to be lost by any subsequent procedure and again the safe order is and I am saying again the safe ordering because if you recall for removal of useless symbols again we had two separate sub procedures and there again there was the question of which of these two should be carried out first and there we said that the safe ordering depends on that principle that the ordering should be such that the effect of the previous procedure should not be destroyed by the subsequent procedure. So, here too the safe ordering because of that principle is going to be first epsilon production removal. So, first is epsilon production removal then unit production removal and then finally useless symbols removal. Once we have a simplified form of a grammar then what we can do is to turn the grammar into something canonical and by that what I mean is the grammar will have a form which is syntactically of the same kind and we will explain that and these such grammars are called normal form grammars and the one that we will study is called Chomsky normal form grammar and there we will start with a grammar where all these procedures have been carried out. This is one kind of normal form grammars for context free grammars and let me define what Chomsky normal form grammars are definition of context free grammar g is said to be in Chomsky normal form every production g is one of the following two types. So, type one form is a non-terminal followed by a terminal and type two productions are a goes to b c. So, in other words type two productions as usual of course, every production has a non-terminal at the left hand side the right hand side consists of exactly two non-terminals. Now, although I am writing a goes to b c one of b or both of b and c one of b and b and c or both of b and c could be the non-terminal a itself. So, b and c could be any non-terminals including a itself. So, these are the only two type of productions which Chomsky normal form grammar will have and the main point is is the following result that every grammar g such that l g does not have epsilon. So, any grammar any context free grammar g which generates a language without epsilon such a grammar g can be converted into a Chomsky normal form grammar. I should add that some people would define a grammar to be in Chomsky normal form provided it satisfies one more condition further g does not have useless symbols. The result here applies also for this extended definition of Chomsky normal form grammar. So, what we would like to show is that any grammar g which produces a language which does not have epsilon can be converted into a Chomsky normal form grammar and one more condition that we should have and that is you will see that is a kind of technicality that the language even after without of course it does not have epsilon, but also it should be non-empty. In other words l g does not have epsilon and l g is so let me use this also as a l g is non-empty. So, what is the problem if l g is non-empty or if l g is empty because then if you see that the grammar g does not have a useless symbol when you have a problem is not it because for s you know any grammar as has to have the start symbol and if the grammar produces no string at all in that case s itself is useless because s does not produce any or does not generate any terminal string. So, that is a technicality and therefore, we are putting that also as a condition. So, therefore, what we would like to show is every grammar g such that l g does not have epsilon and l g is non-empty such grammars can be converted into a chomsky normal form grammar. So, now because we have learnt the various procedures we had outlined for simplifying context free grammars I can right away take g to be in that simplified form. In other words let us assume that g has no useless symbols no unit or epsilon productions. So, I can right away assume my g is to satisfy this condition because original g that you gave to me if that did not satisfy this conditions I can turn it into a new grammar g satisfying these conditions. So, let me assume that g has no useless symbols no unit or epsilon productions. Therefore, you see either I have a production of this kind. So, either the right hand side of a production consists of one non-terminal or to alpha where alpha has two or more symbols because you see we do not have unit or epsilon production. So, these kinds of productions we could have a goes to a single non-terminal or the other kind of production this g will have the right hand side will have two or more symbols by that I mean terminal as well as non-terminal. Now, these kinds of productions are no problem at all because we allow such productions in chomsky normal form. Again when alpha this with two or more symbols if it is of the kind a goes to b c again that is not a problem right because this forms are again allowed by our normal form. So, the challenge in converting the grammar g into chomsky normal form is to make sure that all productions a goes to alpha where alpha has two or more symbols they should look like or you know we should do something to those productions such that ultimately will have only these kinds of productions in addition to of course, these kinds of productions. So, then the grammar will be in chomsky normal form. So, the step one in this conversion is we ensure that right hand side of every production consists only of non-terminals. So, you know what we mean is that suppose we have a production of the kind b a c. So, these two are of course non-terminals, but here is a symbol which is non-terminal which is a terminal. So, I would like to ensure that the right hand side of every production consists only of non-terminals. So, like consider this example. So, how we can do so just for this production let us see at that we can do we can ensure this condition by introducing some extra new non-terminals.  So, far and now what I will do is that instead of this production I will write a goes to b a 1 c and I will add the production a 1 goes to a. So, you see in effect therefore, what I will have is that a goes to this right hand string. So, now so basically what we are doing is whenever I find a right hand side where a terminal symbol is there what I do is I introduce a new non-terminal and do this instead of the non-terminal instead of that terminal I write in its place the new non-terminal that I have introduced and I do that for all right hand side because you know this kind they can be some other right hand sides also where the terminal a occurs. So, for all that I will introduce this new non-terminal symbol and then the addition of this production will ensure that the semantics will not change in effect I can have the have a generating this string all right. So, this is step one now step two is the step in which I will ensure that the right hand side consists precisely of two non-terminals. So, how do we do that I should modify this what I have written here of course, we do not mind productions of this form a goes to a single terminal. So, I should write here ensure that the right hand side of every production consists only of non-terminals unless the right hand side consists of a single terminal for the I am saying it for the sake of completeness and being totally correct because right in the beginning I said we have no problems with productions of this kind and we leave them as such. Then whatever the productions that we are left with of course, they will have right hand side consisting of not a single non-terminal, but since I am making a statement here I write it in this form and now the step two is making sure that every right hand side has exactly two non-terminals of again for the sake of correctness I should modify this sentence that of all productions with R H is not consisting of a single terminal. So, after step one leave out productions of this kind, then what are the productions that we have either they are of this form that is either the right hand side is of size two which is all right because Chomsky normal form will allow such productions to be there or the right hand side has more than two non-terminals. So, let us see C 1, C 2, C k and the challenge is to eliminate such things where k is greater than 2 and to have equivalently produced productions which are of this kind where the right hand side consists exactly of two non-terminals. The idea again is fairly simple and you can do so by again introducing new non-terminals and let me illustrate by taking let us say an example of where k is let us say 4. So, let us say I had A goes to C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4, C 3, C 4, C 3, C 4, C 3, C 3, C 3, this I would like to eliminate in its place what I will have is I will write A goes to D 1, 4, C 4 and this D 1 should generate C 1, C 2, C 3. So, I would write D 1 goes to D 2, C 3 and D 2 goes to C 1, C 2 of course you could have done alternatively A goes to C 1, D 1, D 1 goes to C 2, C 3 and D 2 goes to C 1, C 2 of course you could have done alternatively A goes to C 1, D 1, D 1 goes to C 2, D 2 and D 2 goes to C 3, C 4 goes to C 3, C 4 either way you could do this. Now, it is fairly simple that this idea extends to any k where k is you know 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. So, in other words we remove one such production and add a number of productions where you see all these D's are new non-terminals. So, again the idea will be to introduce some new non-terminals and making sure that the syntax or the condition on the right hand side is satisfied. I should mention in passing that this idea is very similar to something you had possibly seen in data structures. Similar idea is let me just mention I will not go into the details. Tree with nodes having more than children can be converted in some at least in our data structure we can represent such trees by really trees with exactly two children can be represented by binary trees. Remember that the idea would be that this is the eldest child and then the rest of the children will come here. See this is what we are doing in this something similar is what we are doing here. We have outlined a procedure and it will not be difficult to prove formally that if one follows that procedure one will be able to generate one will be able to obtain Chomsky normal from grammar from any grammar satisfying the condition that the grammar generates a non-empty language and that non-empty language has a string other than epsilon and that language does not have does not generate epsilon. So, and that can be proved formally using as before induction will not do so. Let me point out that the reason we would like to consider grammars in Chomsky normal form because we will see that later on some results will be fairly easy to prove. We will show a pumping lemma kind of result but you recall that you are familiar with pumping lemma for regular languages will prove a pumping lemma for context free languages and there are starting point will be grammars in Chomsky normal form. Also we will use Chomsky normal form grammar to provide you with a efficient algorithm to check whether a string belongs to the language generated by a grammar or not. There again we will consider without loss of generality that the grammar is in Chomsky normal form. In other words what I am trying to say is from now on without loss of generality we can always assume a given context free grammar is in Chomsky normal form. So, let me prove to you one simple fact about Chomsky normal form grammars which we will use in the next lecture to prove our pumping lemma. And that fact is let me say this suppose G is a Chomsky normal form. Let consider a derivation of the grammar derivation tree of the grammar G generating the terminal string W such that no path in the derivation tree has length greater than m in the derivation tree greater than m. So, consider what we are saying suppose G is a Chomsky normal form grammar and consider the derivation in G derivation tree of G generating a terminal string W such that. So, let me draw a picture that this is generate this is S and this is W and no path here exceeds m the length of the path. Then length of W is less than equal to 2 to the power m minus 1. So, you see what we are saying in effect that if you have a bound on the bound on the bound on the bound the largest path in the derivation tree of a string in a Chomsky normal form grammar then you can provide an upper bound on the length of the string itself. The proof of the fact is by induction on m proof of what proof of the fact that length of W is bounded by 2 to the power m minus 1. So, base case is when m is equal to 1 when m is equal to 1 that means what that means the no path in the tree has length greater than 1 actually the only tree is of this kind that S directly deriving a terminal. So, this is path of length 1 and trees of this kind will generate only strings of length 1. So, then we are saying that any in case m is equal to 1 then surely length of W is 1 which is of course 2 to the power m minus 1 m is 1. So, 1 minus 1 is 0. So, 2 to the power 0 is 1. So, the base therefore, is proved and the induction step. So, let me write this as write the induction step which is also straight forward. Now, consider a tree where no path is of length more than m plus 1 and such a tree is of course not the base case and the induction case. So, clearly such a tree will be of this kind. So, the initially S will derive some two non-terminals a 1 a 2 and then some things are happening. So, basically the total string is W. Now, if whatever I am saying is generalized a little bit then the induction is very simple to prove. I said derivation tree. Now, derivation tree normally means starting with S, but we can extend this notion of derivation tree to mean derivation starting from any non-terminal. So, in that case base again will be not just trees of this kind also trees of this kind will also be allowed when I said by derivation tree I mean derivation starting from any non-terminal. So, in that case for induction in general I instead of S I would write some a and then I inductively apply the fact that the large longest path in either of this is of length m or less.  So, therefore, this path is at most has length 2 to the power m minus 1 this path the right hand path has at most length 2 to the power m minus 1. So, together w therefore, size of w is bounded by 2 into 2 to the power m minus 1 which is equal to 2 to the power m which is m is of course, one less than the longest path m plus 1 and that proves this fact and this is one result that we are going to use in the next class to prove our pumping lemma.


So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. Vocabulary is very important. That's why even English people in England, I become number one in the class of other English boys. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. So, whenever you are speaking a language of somebody's language, please go to your vocabulary. ὀ ᾲᾸ ᶀᾲᾶ ḀΆ ὏ ᾕᾶ ῇᾷ ᵍʰ ὤʰ ḍᾶ ᶅʰʰᾲ ὁ ᾢʰ ᶠʰ ᶙʰᾷ ᶙʰ ᾮᾶ ᾧʰ ᾲᾶ ᾲ ᾶ ᾷ ᾲᾷ ᾱ ᾶ ᾲᾶ ᾱ ᾶ ᾷ ᾶ ᾱ ᾱ ᾶ ᾱ ᾘ ᾶ ᾱ ᾶ ᾄ ᾶ ᾷ ᾷ ᾶ ᾶ ᾽ ᾶ ᾶ ᾶ ᾵ ᾶ ᾱ ᾶ ᾶ ᾱ ᾶ � urar당ya Were char 趕緊 趕緊 趕緊 contest  ar N , , Phi 25 25 , . , . , . , ope , . ఇిితేతరండ్నబ కి లికిసిలికికిట్ని కికికిడ్నియసటిత్కి. కికికికికికికితిం౟ికికింటి. కికాఎబవామఏషి. it is very important, b Brusha to understand, to try and這種 concentration level to be in degree hostel but lets him understand the interpretation of the word it is called. CDF archaeological unless Others are consider themselves development fund there is one word there development. Serge. Technology there is no one word there employment fund.  attendees                                                                                twenty twenty టెచియొం Rock slangਚలి. storeere బింప్టిక్శి ఏనై�nalanyaటకా ఈఙెఎగౢవ్గitative క్పిటి 충분 nearby barkingఁరోకన perderబ్బదితెథు.克 sekarang�చేమనే Comp stop.가는�తోటి Electronicitors Pay dude క్లికో. ర్లెచిత్6఻భిమేనీవత్నంత్టిషార్. ర్మైనైట్త్నను. మైరినిడిమత్ను. if that 180 million is for development, then that 180 million should only be used for feeder roads within that particular construction. Each construction we have got feeder roads, that needs to be constructed. We have got the hospital, that needs to be constructed. School, that needs to be constructed. School, everything, government, offices, that is how that that man is about to be used. For example, if there is a construction road within a construction, who are benefitting? The government will employ people within that area, some will get jobs from that fund. Number two, after that, you will be moving. You will not be benefitting moving on that star road or a proper arrangement road. That is how it is called development because it develops, it helps the people, it benefits the people of that construction, not what kind it has done. He is now putting business, he is the only person of business. Those who are managing that fund, I don't know who are those. Are you getting my point, my friend? He is the only pocket. A lot of people are helping him to kill people. He is now paying them with that emanator. We don't know how they are being given and how they are sitting. Are you getting my point? No, I am learning also. So that is the foolish word. CDF. That is not teaching people about free education. When people are buying books on that one, how can that be free? That is a lie. Number two, government has got many sources of funds. The major funds of the government is tax. You who are drivers here, you are driving the car, you are using the road. You are not only using the road for free. Are you not paying? You are paying for using this road. And that government, that money is going to the government. It is the money that is supposed to construct the road. But do we see constructions? He has now one year, zero. Where is he taking that money? Two, we have got money that we call value added tax, V80. In the county it was called indirect tax. But in its rule it was made direct by, given the name, value added tax, V80.  That is called direct to the government. That is where the government gets money. Plus, finally, direct taxes, including levy, rents, easy house, easy business is paying. Is it not enough money to control the country? That is the money that is supposed to control the country. But now here is cheating people. Cheating. People who never went to school, I don't know. But if someone went to school, let him go back to the dictionary and find out the meaning of the word empowerment. And of the word development. And of the word free. You prove with me that there is nothing I can do as a dad. It is not only the market cheating you and stealing your own money to other works. So now, here is a monocular point. Me I will bring external auditors from London to audit the road work. I want to find out how that money has been used. And I will make sure that anyone who has touched that money has to pay back. Let them wait for my actions. It is coming, very soon. I will bring external auditors. They work hand in hand with internal auditors. Together they will bring back what belong to. But they parade what they say, corruption in corruption. To me, I am a law student of London. All born college in London. But now, again, as I have already said, in law, we believe in interpretation of each and every single word. You cannot win a case in the high court or whichever court. If you don't know the interpretation of the word you have used in that particular court. You see, the word corruption. According to my understanding of that English, I have consulted English dictionaries of different type. They still mean the same. Stop saying. It is the situation where someone corrupts someone's mind in whichever form. For example, here you are a policeman. Then I come to you with a case. I want someone to be arrested who has stolen my property. So, it is now your duty as a police officer to go and arrest that person. But now, what happens now? That policeman, when they see Muryoka, who is a poor man. Then the rich man comes there. He packs a car. Then he goes under the same. No, me, I have someone has stolen my wife. But I have the vehicle here. I can give you transport. Maybe even lunch during that part of the time. Then Muryoka is offended that he has gone to nothing. Why do you expect a policeman to go to Muryoka by footing? And that one who has got a car. Can you see what happens? That's why we talk about corruption to that particular officer. When that officer accepts the money, the one who gives the money is also corrupt. The one who receives the money is corrupt. These are the two joint people who are going to be arrested. All together. A policeman is not going to receive money from that person. He was about to do his duty. All together.  And they should do pain. Because I don't think it is wise enough. You have not seen this car. Maybe the cost of the car is ten thousand.  To arrest somebody who has stolen this car. You also again pay five thousand or whatever amount. In addition to the first cost. And they don't know who will pay that. To do it? Don't come back. Are you wise? Are you wise, my friend? That is what we call corruption. But now, what I am hearing in those courts. Someone who was in the office. And because he misused the fund. That is corruption. How can that be corruption? He had bought a building. And now he used that money. Corruption money. Is that corruption? My friend. Even when they got there again. They are losing their cases. They are able to arrest people. But they are not winning the cases. I have never heard the case they won. Under that corruption they are giving. Which case? That one minister, former minister of health. Had not been arrested under a corruption. I heard he was arrested under when he was a minister sometime back of finance. Isn't it? That was the case they gave him, isn't it? Not corruption. Which is arresting. It is foolish. Where is the corruption? And there is someone, two officers. It is one who can arrest them under that. What is the question for my brother? What is the question? Why is it that this government failed to supply fertilizer in time when there was enough funds? That one sir, I cannot answer it. You can ask a kind of government in a good position to answer that. I don't know. But as a local, are you in the government? I cannot give you. How are you going to go to the county? Yes, how are you going to handle it? Thank you. That is the question I can answer. The question with regard to his government is for you to ask one of them. How are you going to handle it? May I handle it in a very simple way, my dear fellow friends? May I handle agriculture in a proper way? I have already told you that I am printing money. The money that I am printing is the money that I am going to use. I am going to give each and every land I am talking about to you going to the village. Farmers, small scale farmers are in the village there. So, I am sure that the best people to register with me. They will register with me. Now, when they register, they will be getting 10 million each. For example, here you are a farmer. You have got a farm. Then you have your own 10 million per month. Per year you have 120 million.  Are you sure you can go to buy fertilizer or whatever you need for your farm? No, but people are saying that politics are not all lies. So, my government will give you the money, 10 million to the people so that they are able to buy all whatever they need themselves. That money will go to an individual. My government will not tell people to form a company. That is foolishness. It will not tell people that we shall buy fertilizer for them. What if we take it in the wrong time? May I am not going to do that? May I give 10 million to every farmer in the village in the town? You will use that money himself to purchase fertilizer. Number two, my government will provide commercial farms in each and every district. I don't want to depend on private sector. I will ensure that each and every district I have crops in the animal husbandry. Commercial farm. Commercial farm. Then whatever we get there we shall be bringing the staff to Zambian national plant stores. I will introduce Zambian national plant stores development organization. Which like Kaunda, Sniak stores will also go to every corner of the plant and the section of the Zambian people. They will be like shop light. We are going to make sure that every Zambian will move with a credit card. West 10 million per month. I mean those who are not working. Those who are working will move with credit card West according to their salary. For example, in my government general workers will be receiving 20 million minimum wage. Screw the worker who got certificate from college or university. We will have 10 30 million as minimum wage. 40 million will go to a diploma holder. 50 million to a degree holder. 7, 60 million to a master degree holder. And 70 million will go to a PhD holder. In that category. So all those who have got qualification they will move with their credit card West that money. For example, 70 million times store. How much is it? That's the total amount of that credit card. Pay it. That's what I'm going to do. So now they will be going to all shops Zambian needs to plant stores everywhere whenever they need. But before we construct all the plant stores we shall depend on the private sector stores. We shall register all the agents. Those who have got stores already register our agents. Then people will be moving with the credit card. West that money for them. Then they will be using that money to buy whatever they need in the state. You are massive the government of America. Hello my friends. You are my friend. You are my friend. You are my friend. You are my friend. You are my friend. You are my friend. Maybe let's change our name when we do not I remember this when we were together. We were my classmates. in the long run. Yes, we have to eat my day at night. That's how my government provides funds. We'll make sure that every Zambian will be moving with the credit card wherever they go their amount already mentioned. About what they need. పిటరారకి,బకిత్లనందిం spent, టినానా. టినానానా,టినియరండి,యిదాకి పౢటికికికికి.  뛰స౿తరికనికి,నిరాకికికికికికి. but what message do you have for these political parties when it comes to democracy because you know when you have a government in power like the UPN which is there, it means a very strong opposition which can give them checks and balances but what are you seeing in the current opposition we are in current? Are you doing your part as opposition as the political parties? my word for that is that the only biggy biggest problem we have in Zambia is that what we call a multi-party democratic setup is not being followed, that's the only big problem we have we have that problem I put it straight according to the law Zambia is a multi-party democratic setup a multi-party democratic setup means a government ruled by not one political party but by all political parties but now the setup of the political parties is not geared to that what I have only seen is that the one who destroyed the multi-party democratic in the Chirubasi government towards the exercise Manawaz that was beat exercise but it was destroyed after the death of Manawaz these are the people who took over starting from Rupiah Band up to the current president they have destroyed the multi-party democratic setup according to the multi-party democratic setup the current government they become only the chair for inter-party dialogue we have what we call direct parliament that is parliament there then outside parliament is for political parties that's what we call outside parliament therefore whatever parliament decide they sit for whatever they sit when that issue comes to the cabinet it should first go to inter-party dialogue inter-party dialogue is that which is headed by political parties then they have to sit and analyze on that particular issue and they find a solution is when it can go to the president to be a bill that is the set of inter-party government but instead do we have such thing happening in Zambia it is not there so that's why there is no political party that they can say we have got it political party that is that is active political party that is not inactive because we don't have inter-party dialogue I've never heard inter-party dialogue being held sometime back I told Pomeranguil Kofai center they said during Lungu's government they said in inter-party dialogue then you find that non-governmental organization are there then what kind of inter-party dialogue where is the entity over there the way the non-governmental organization means that organization is a non-party dialogue it's not about to come to politics inter-party dialogue is only for political party leaders together with the ruling party then they decide whatever to do to be done in the country no bill according to the law can be passed without inter-party dialogue but that thing is not happening it is started with Lungu's government it is being followed by her kind of government again there is no dialogue anyway that's why I have been silent these days I am just busy organizing my party the winning of my party in the court I am still dealing with the court once I am done then I will put the proper government that will incorporate all the political parties all political parties in my government will be tabloons I will not make any decision without calling them they are my friends, they are not my enemies but the only problem we have here we see the president there thinking that an opposition leader is his enemy he don't know that an opposition leader is his colleague he is the one who is about to help him to develop the country by coming together to come together with Lungu during inter-party dialogue we have to solve a lot of Lungu's problems when we meet they will bring the table the member of parliament have decided on this then they bring to inter-party dialogue then we will put the party leader we sit, we talk, we wake Lungu will give us our allowances that's why we end allowances that's why a political party ends allowance but now what do we do we see only a political party for me to oppose that I should only go to the media that's not how it's supposed to be it's supposed to be on the set-up inter-party dialogue no part already in the dialogue no no, it's supposed to be done whatever the MP whatever the minister want to decide should come to inter-party dialogue final for decision before it's become a law that's how I can last question we have a state house example and not state house that we know all the president have to say but we don't know why our government doesn't stay there it stays in community house and there is a cost every day the police officer which is going to the Xambian people because we want to pay tax so what advice are you able to give to our president should we move to the state house or just continue being there spending our taxpayers' money in that man is that okay or not for you I can give you only two answers yes yes yes I want to give you two answers the first answer I'm saying is that again they know that I'm in a court, I'm the president what's supposed to be state house that's why you don't move to state house he knows it it doesn't belong there that is a true statement now it's very easy to tell the Xambian number two number two now the inspector general of police is aware I gave him the copy from the court international court of justice constitutional court internal criminal court proving that he are kind of moving illegally so for them again as the leaders of the state to continue consuming people's money moving the way they are doing when they know the truth there's a people to claim now because one they are enjoying the wastage of funds how together which is it wrong I have submitted a document to the army commander Xambian national service Xambian army only Xambian national air force women have not yet served what is the aware of something on the ground but still despite knowing that they are moving a criminal and kill the person in the criminal court but they are still parodying him as a president they are still parodying him with the government funding you know is it proper that's because Moryoke is a poor man who is a beggar on the street that's why I am waiting for the right time I am now printing my own money they are now putting my money now they are now employing my people then the UN will come when they make judgment as soon as they find no judgment of criminal they are now making them pay for all the expenses I think I spoke before because if someone know that what he is doing is illegally but he is doing it despite knowledge that man but what makes him being criminal Mr.Minoge if he was voted by the 2.8 million first because according to him how is he becoming a criminal when he was voted by the Xambian people 2.8 million voted for him where is he becoming a criminal because now I am getting into I am trying to understand why are you calling him a criminal what has he done for him to be called a criminal so that maybe to clarify for those people who are listening so that we don't maybe confuse Xambian people that is a very good question yes you may confuse Xambian people why are you calling him a criminal because the price they do is voted by the Xambian people 2.8 million people I was the question I spoke with the inspector then after giving the document he called me then I spoke with him for almost 2 hours the way you are with me here I had with him again during that conference now look my dear friend that question was also raised thank you so much let me answer it clearly let me put it clear I want to make you understand why he is a criminal he is a criminal at the moment one I president Murioka petitions the 2021 election within 14 days I was passed from court here constitutional court then after according to the law if I lost my petition I would have been arrested because at that particular time when my paper was tabled Akhandi was already president of Xambian was almost 7 days in the office but now the collection of a car was there ready to pick me you would have heard that Murioka has been arrested in the charge with prison they were there to exercise their duties but see after I gave my statement on camera I felt my court judges heard my voice and allowed my paper to to go through the court all together meaning I had the points I won in short they proved that I was an eligible candidate I was a candidate during the election there was an error that was made there so now when they were about to put a in the office of registrar Akhandi sent the policemen to disrupt the judgment policemen removing papers from the the official of the court and they were pushing me to their office taking all the papers by force in this house I was supposed to be done in this house the roses in the court I don't know how court operate so that's all illegally the the police had supreme court in the high court told him that no we don't operate that way we have got no power as policemen they have come in for papers of the court it is a court procedure they allow his papers since they played and they were even splashing my white since the judges have accepted his document they see the document goes through Akhandi sent the law but he used the death stamp of the supreme court police I told him put it on the death stamp he put the death stamp I have the death stamp on the judgment I used the death stamp to appeal to international court of justice Akhandi used his power Akhandi used his power I will get my point number two on 20 September 2021 my petition was approved by international court approved what I am talking about is being filed if the court finds that your paper they are not qualified they throw the papers out they don't file them you know that now they filed my papers my papers were approved they have the papers then on 2nd November I sent the document to Akhandi telling that my paper has been approved by international court so I am a president can you hand over to our peaceful I will do that but Akhandi to Akhandi now let me take you back to the system of the court of justice even in the local court if you take your friend to a local court then the court finds him with the case they tell him to pay you they make an order to pay you or to do whatever other an order of the court if that particular paper failed to comply to that order then you go to the court say you made an order but that person has refused he becomes it becomes a concept of court now that person is now answerable to the court he become a criminal you go to the matter that is the first part of the criminal act that is the first part you understand that and even a local court 2 number 2 the court also found him and advised me to file with the criminal court because 1 my petition for sure that in 2021 election some people were killed I am sure you know that you know that during 2021 election people were brutally murdered so now if you go back before those people were brutally murdered how can the children signed from which conference centre a paper agreeing that his party he will make sure as a candidate and as a president of UPND to make sure that peace during and after election I am sure you remember that he signed that protocol but despite his signature he is a people under his control by already said that he is a signature people were killed on the ground you go to my boy I am getting you now is that not criminal that in law he is called an organized professional murderer an organized murderer is not somebody who can directly kill altogether you use your money then you employ somebody it is not you who kill that person then you employ somebody you go to the kill that woman there he received the money from you or maybe he received a term that I think let me finish here I am finishing now you are asking to know how in the case so now if that person he is there in the kill that person under your command are you not a murderer you are I am asking the inspector there was a case even you know it right now currently in the court of them there is a certain woman called she was a PF she involved with the case of murder in Kaoma whether Kaoma I don't know where is she not arrested she is a physical killer but she was subjected to the killing of that person so now she is held responsible of that so again there is also responsible for the murder of those people who died during and after election under his court administration that's how he is involved I am sure I have answered


Well, the rain didn't keep folks from heading to downtown Aiken to celebrate the annual fish house parade today. Clayton Castle was there and has that story. It's the day after Thanksgiving, which means it's the day of the annual World Famous Fish House Parade in Aiken in preparation for the new season. And no, not the holiday season. We decided to have a parade with fish houses because now everybody's kind of getting ready for that season again. So we're getting ready for fish house fishing and it's just, it's a great way to get people to come to town. This year saw a number of local entrants into the parade and some not from Aiken. One in particular had an inflatable so big, you'd think it was Thursday in New York City. We have the Wharf Resort and we've got a great restaurant there and we had named it about five years ago. We called it Toucan's Restaurant and we decided to go ahead and get our inflatable and bring them to parade. So that's Tito the Toucan. Darren says this is his fourth time in the fish house parade and the theme of the parade is what keeps bringing him back. Well, Lake Milax is all about ice fishing so with it being about ice fishing we like to come up and support the area and it's uh we're small town people and this is a small town and it's fun to come up and see all the people and have a good time. Many of the entrants had stories to tell as well including the story of Tame Fish Lake. The one of the things that it was known for was the Tame Fish where one of the brothers would go down and feed the fish every single day and soon they were coming up and feeding from his hand. Well then they started letting the people do it. They had a great big bell uh on a stone arch and they would ring the bell and the fish would literally come to the vibration of the bell. The annual fish house parade also brings a positive economical impact to the Aiken community. We can bring three to four thousand people into our community for a parade. It's just huge economically for our young retailers and it's really good for our business community. The parade was the pinnacle of a day filled with fun laughs and smiles in Aiken ringing in the new season reporting in Aiken Clayton Castle Lakeland News. This was the 27th year for the annual fish house parade in Aiken. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello and welcome to another episode of Frightfully Forgotten Horror Movies, but before we get started, what are we drinking? We're drinking O'Grady's Four Leaf Clover Stout. Four Leaf Clover. I'm the Clover Batch.  Today we're going to be talking about 1980s maniac.   Which we covered about too long ago. Click the link. Maniac is written by and stars the legendary Joe Spinell. Probably most notably in Godfather's One and Two and in Rocky One and Two. He was in Cruising as well. Yeah, yeah, he was, yeah.  Carolyn Monroe's in this, and she was in a lot of Hammer movies. Samaniac starts off. You see a hand put a quarter in one of those kind of binocular telescope things. There's a couple getting a little cozy on the beach, and the guy goes to get some wood. The lady's left all by herself, and this figure comes up behind her and slits her throat. The guy comes back with the wood, and this figure comes behind him and strangles him. Blood starts to come out of his neck. Yeah, just cuts into his throat. Drops the wood, and you can see all the blood squirting on the wood and his shoes. Then our main character, Frank Zito, wakes up. He's in this weird room with all these like candles and pictures of women and mannequins. Looks in the mirror and all these scars all over his chest. Gets dressed and goes out for the night. A couple of prostitutes.  Yeah, they're talking about the pricing. The ultimate is the highest price, so she's got to aim for the ultimate. Frank Zito walks by. She stops him. They go up to the hotel right there. Very convenient. They go up to the room, and he's laying there. That belt will add gold on it. He's being kind of awkward. He doesn't really want anything. She kind of has to get heavy with him. Eventually, he doesn't like it, and starts strangling her. Yeah, I like how he turns on a dime.  Skelps her. Takes his scalp back to his apartment and puts it on mannequin. Then you see him getting ready for another night of fun. He's got this violin case open. Box of cracker jacks. I'm feeling this violin case with guns.  Knives and shotgun shells. He gets in his car and sees this woman. He's like outside of a nightclub. They get in the car and they drive away.  Tom Savini, by the way, has picked this girl up and convinces her to get in the back seat with him. It's the mustache. You see Frank Zito? He's all peering in. It's super creepy.  She's like, oh, I saw something. And both get in the front seat, turn on the headlights, and he's there with the shotgun. He jumps on the hood and just, boom, blows Tom Savini's head right off. It's one of the best headshots ever. Tom Savini earned his pay big time. Frank Zito goes to the park and there's this woman kind of taking pictures. Little girl runs into him with her bike and the photographer sees this, takes a picture of him, wanders over to where her bag is, gets the address. Two nurses that have just got off their shift. Well, are you sure you don't want to ride? Maniac on the loose. Yeah, exactly. He's still on the loose. Foolishly declines the ride, right? And she starts walking to the subway station. She gets a sense that somebody's behind her. She gets to the platform and the train is still there, but the doors are closed and she's trying to force the doors open.  Meanwhile, this figure starts coming down the stairs, so she takes off to the washrooms and hides in one of the stalls. He comes in after her, starts checking out each of the stalls, but leaves the one that she's in. She comes out, figures she's got away with it, and ding! Huge bayonet! Right into her back, right through the front, too.  He shows up at this photographer's house. He's not really there to kill her, though. Totally different. Kind of asks her out.    She's charmed by him, right? So she goes and they have a nice dinner, and she's got a photo shoot, and he kind of shows up. He's all got that present. Yeah, that present, that stuffed bear. He's making those sounds. I'm like, yeah, I would be too if she was wearing those leather pants. Goes over to this necklace, and he steals it. The model is in her apartment, and she hears a knock at the door, and it's Frank Zito, right? I found this. I think you lost it, and while the door's open, he does something with the latch. She closes the door, she draws a bath, ding! He comes out of the closet, just out of nowhere, ties her to the bed, and he's like, full-on maniac by this point. You'll never leave me, you'll never leave me, will you? He pulls out a knife. And really teases it too. Yeah, yeah, but he does end up killing her after he told her that he was going to keep her forever. Goes to pick Anne up for their date. He tells her, he's like, do you mind if we stop by my mother's grave? I just want to put some flowers on it. She says, sure, no problem. That's where we're going to end it.   One of the most unsung slashes of all time.  And one of the best things about it is Joe Spinell. Yeah, pretty much a one-man show, right? And he's strong enough to carry the whole movie. Talk about an underrated actor. Kind of mirrors Sylvester Stallone, because he was friends with Stallone. He was in Rocky, and Stallone wrote Rocky, starred in Rocky. Well, Joe Spinell was like, fuck, well, I can do that too. So he wrote this and starred in it. It wasn't as big as Rocky, but it did make waves in the horror community. And because it was kind of seedy and sleazy and pretty gruesome for the time, it didn't get like a lot of love from the masses. Maybe the poster had something to do with it, the guy holding the knife in it with the... With the big boner.  Another thing about Joe Spinell is he apparently was one of the highest paid people on The Godfather because he just hung around and got paid for hanging around. Yeah, he was just clocking in and not really doing anything. But Coppola took like a liking to him. He was like, oh yeah, hang out, like learn. The dynamic of Joe Spinell's character is crazy in this movie because he switches gears when he goes to that woman's apartment. Yeah, he's nice. Yeah, he's charming. He's completely different, right? And it kind of mirrors real killers. Yeah. Right? How these people can meld into society. You'd never, ever know they were a killer. Especially real killers of that time. Exactly. Of the 80s and stuff like that that we're learning about now. Like the gasey tapes just came out on Netflix. Yeah. They're all charming guys. Well, he doesn't look like anybody who would be a murderer. That's the key. Yeah. It's a real nice change from like Michael Myers.  Sympathize with him. Something happened. You see the scars. It's a lot like, you know, Don't Go In The House, which we just covered. The whole mother thing. I like that they don't go into a backstory. It's just all what he's saying to himself. That's what makes it different than like Don't Go In The House. You don't see the flashbacks. It's all left up to your imagination. The effects. Tom Savini, you can't go wrong. The head explosion scene, that's all you need to really mention. It's fantastic. And he always talks about how he's so proud of that. Yeah. It's awesome. His own head exploding, you know.  And stabbing the girl right in the gut with a switchblade. No wonder this movie was kind of frowned upon because it's just so realistic. Yeah. And it's graphic. From the killings to the acting to the characters, it's all realistic. You believe this is all happening. The tension too in this movie. You're on the edge of your seat the whole time. Yeah. He's so crazy that he could literally do anything. And when he's chasing someone down like the nurse in a subway, like it's a long scene, he's gonna get her. When is he gonna get her?  They don't really show him at all. No. You know he's there. It's all her. It's all her and her reaction.  That scene is brilliant. The tension building in that scene is perfect. And then naturally it just comes out of nowhere, right? And just finishes her off. And same thing when he goes to give the necklace back to the model. The tension building is fantastic in that too. Yeah. He can just easily bust the door open.  And do something. No, he takes his time. Exactly. He enjoys. He wants to stalk her. And yeah, it's great. The settings of this movie is fantastic. Like his apartment. The mannequins and the pictures of the women and his mother with all the candles. His room is his mind. It's in New York, but it's the worst parts of New York. The dirty, seedy, like you don't want to be there, parts of New York. You feel dirty. All of the dark night shots and everything with the fog too. You really get the sense that you're alone in a huge city. Yeah. There should be people around. There should be people everywhere, but no one's there to help. The music in this movie too is, oh, it's perfect. It's so eerie and tense. And it just builds, it just builds every scene perfectly. This movie is totally relatable too because the stuff that was happening at the time, right? You had a lot of these weird murders going on. Ted Bundy, Son of Sam murders. Mirrors all of that. And it hits close to home. Seeing this in 1980, it must have hit close to home for a lot of people. Yeah. Who were kind of like, oh, that could happen to me in New York now. This movie was remade recently, and it's actually one that I will vouch for. Don't vouch for many remakes, but this one is quite good actually. It takes a different approach, starring Elijah Woods. And there was a sequel that had kind of started out for this too, right? Joe Spinell, he ended up dying so they could never fulfill the idea, right? Yeah. Joe Spinell died young. He died like in his early fifties. He accidentally cut himself, went to bed, and bled to death. He could have done some great things, I think, even though he was always chasing Maniac. But I think if he stuck around, he probably could have made another great movie. And we never got to see it, which is too bad. If you love slashers, you have to check out Maniac. It's one of the best underrated slashers of all time. That's right. And until next time, keep drinking.