And what I'll do on this free call is ask you a bunch of questions, figure out your situation, and then give you strategies to improve. It's free for the first five guys to email me. Just send it to there. Oops, let me go back. Robby at interconfidence.com, and I think I have a few minutes for questions. In the beginning, first of all, thanks for the speech. In the beginning, you touched about the outliers, and it was interesting you said you noticed little things.  Can you just touch upon a couple specific things you'd say you notice now that are different from when you began? Yeah, I talked about a few of them. Just that simple thing about if you're by yourself approaching groups of three, four, five, or one. For the longest time, I would go out by myself and I'd approach a group of two girls, and I'd wonder why I'd always get cock-blocked. Simple. The other girl is no one to talk to. If I was talking with a group of women, with a friend, and we were having a group conversation, I would wonder why I didn't go anywhere. Simple. No isolation. You notice little things.  And you know she's not interested at that point, even if she's sounding like she is. She's not interested. So being a social genius is really just recognizing patterns. That's it. And the only way to recognize patterns is to have experience. Do it over and over, and you'll recognize those patterns faster if someone can point them out to you beforehand. Because then you'll see them, you'll know what to look for. Yeah. So I just wanted to thank you again for offering your service yesterday for free. And it was the least I could do to say that he watched my approach over and over and offered me really precise feedback. So I mean it was very, very valuable to me.  And I think one of the things that a lot of us are doing is it's just like working out. We just go in the gym and we just lift heavy things and call it good. And then we're not happy with our results. So that's what I've been doing for like the past year and a half is just shotgunning this crap. And no guidance. I'm just stabbing in the dark and maybe something's happening. So it was really helpful to get that precise feedback and that precise step by step by step. And then the other thing I just want to mention was you said about doing the hard stuff. When I'm in a really crappy mood, and I don't know if you can kind of speak to this. When I'm in a really crappy time in my life or really crappy just a real low, it's because I'm not making any approaches. I'm not doing any of that. I may be trying to align my chakras. We all know that going out and trying to pick up chicks is what will give us that. And I can always tell how I'm doing by how confident how happy I am. And I know as soon as we're rejection or not, it doesn't matter whether I'm rejected or accepted. It's whether or not I'm making those actions. So if you want to speak to that. Yeah, exactly.  Approaching women is a physical activity. This is a sport. It's not, it's closer to a sport than it is to learning math or learning science. It's a physical act. And doing anything physical, like if I'm in a bad mood, I go out, I play ice hockey. I smash into dudes. It's amazing. It's like the most therapeutic thing. Move your body. Go to the gym.    As guys, we're very action-oriented. If we take action, we're usually happy. And especially if it's action in the areas that matter most to us. So thanks for adding that, Mark. Robbie, thank you for the great speech. So you said something that really rang true for me. And that's what I call segmenting the market. But you said it in a different way.  Like the 18-year-olds down 6th Street aren't going to be a fit. They certainly aren't for me at my age. And you're not interested in them either. No, I'm not. So thanks for bringing that up. Because I don't know if that's really wrong true in the year that I've been kind of following this stuff. I just haven't really picked that up, but I picked it up kind of on my own. It's like this stuff isn't working. This shotgun approach and going to the wrong venues just doesn't work. And so thanks for saying that. Yeah, you're welcome. I'm glad you realized that too. I think we got to wrap it up. Or one more? We have time for one more question. Go ahead. My question is, you're talking about how you were in that set for a while. And she kind of took a while to open up to you with her body. So how do you know when you should just leave and give up and just play the numbers game? Or you should just stay and keep just plowing and getting her to finally show interest? How do you draw that line? Yeah, in that situation, to be honest, I would have left if it wasn't for the fact that my wingman was locked in with his girl. The entire time I'm sitting there beating myself up thinking, ah, this girl doesn't like me. What did I do wrong?  But at least she was talking to me. There was never an awkward silence where we were just sitting there doing nothing. She was still investing something. If she's investing even a little bit, take that as a sign of interest. Like I said, I would have left in that situation. And that would have been the wrong move, obviously, because eventually she warmed up and it was amazing. But if she's not, some girls just won't do it. This girl was exceptionally beautiful. She had been hit on that entire week, which I found out later, just guy after guy after guy. And she was on guard. And it literally took her 30 minutes to realize, like, okay, this guy's cool. He's confident. He gets it. I'm going to open up to this guy. And that's when she did. And I just kept trying to remind myself, all right, stay in. Be a good wingman. And eventually it worked out. Now, if it had gotten awkward, meaning she started giving me one-word answers. She just completely stopped investing in me. Then trying to stay there for your wingman or your buddy is not a good idea. Because that girl will ruin the interaction for her friend and for your friend. She'll get bored. She'll start competing with her friend's attention. And your friend will lose that war, that battle. So what you should do, what my wingman should have done, well, if that would have happened, right, if you have to not only, if you really want to be a social genius, you not only have to be aware of what's going on with you and her, you have to be aware of what's going on with your wingman and his girl. And if you see that it's awkward between them, don't try to continue the interaction with your girl because eventually she'll sabotage it. So get her number, talk to her later. And yeah, I guess that's it. Get her number, talk to her later. Make sure you're aware of everything going on. Like once you really start getting these skills, you won't have to think about them, right? Like I don't really have to think that much about whether a girl is interested in me or not. I just feel it. It's like driving a stick, right, when you know when to take your foot off the clutch and when to accelerate because you can feel it. In the beginning, you can't really feel it. You got to time it, you got to look at the tachometer. Eventually you get the feeling in your body. That only comes from practice. Did that answer your question? Yeah, very good. Great. Yeah. All right, guys. Thank you very much.


Everybody for us here. Give me one second rip in a personal box for Daniel L Got a 2022 top Star Wars Chrome Galaxy hobby appreciate the order Daniel. Let's go ahead and get started Refractor wicked W Warwick. I guess it depends on the condition. I mean if it's good condition that it's definitely worth creating Refractor a la Sakura But I mean when you go to grade something you got to consider how much value it's gonna add So you'd have to find like comms for that card or recent sales It's gonna be tough to do but but it's not something I'd be dying to grade refractor Finn got a redemption base card Extractor refractor docking Bay 94 Nice Extractor of docking Bay 94. It's a big card right there green sketch variation BOSC 88 of 99 refractor Poe Dameron Echo refractor refractor Greedo No Joe personals are full for tonight the shadow of the Dark Lord refractor if you order now it'll rip tomorrow night after group breaks Refractor Yoda on Dagobah Star Wars X-Wing Gameplay Galaxy we quay refractor refractor Anakin Skywalker with an auto of Lux Bon Terry 31 of 99 Jason Spesak as Lux Bon Terry Big parallel here at the document 94 which is pretty damn nice extractor Refractor Luke Skywalker assembles his lightsaber wave Boba Fett battles the Sarlacc 86 of 99 a good box here refractor medical droid Refractor salacious be crumb. There we go There he is refractor R2-D2 Jedi Starfighter gameplay Galaxy refractor Han Solo Last pack has a refractor Lord Vader and a stormtroopers pretty good box there for you Daniel Thank you again that redemption is gonna be sick once you get that one in hand Thanks, man. We'll get it out


Okay, I think we can start now. What do you think, Massimo? Can we start? Yes, we are just ending the last slide. Okay, that was the last slide. Okay, so good afternoon everybody. It's a pleasure for me to welcome you all here. We are celebrating today the 2021 Spirit of Salam Award. This award was set up by the family of the founding director of ICTP Abdul Salam in 2014. And it is announced annually on the occasion of the ICTP Salam Distinguished Lectures, which also takes place on the birthday of Abdul Salam on the 29th of January. And of course, my great predecessor, Abdul Salam, he is primarily remembered for his scientific work on this electric unification for which he received the Nobel Prize. But his family wishes him to also to be remembered for his spirit and his humanitarian passion and his real deep commitment to making science available to the world at large, which is in fact what ultimately led to the creation of both ICTP and Tuas. And this award is given to anyone within the ICTP family of scientists and non-scientists. ICTP Tuas, administrative staff alike, who have gone beyond their duties, so to speak, to assist and support each other and to who have worked tirelessly to further Abdul Salam's mission and vision for cooperation, promotion and development of science and technology in the developing world. And the deadline for the 2022 nominations is fixed on the 15th of December 2021. And you will find the details to nominate the candidates online on our website. So we strongly encourage the staff to nominate colleagues because the award recognizes the work and dedication of, you know, people in the ICTP family. And I'm very pleased that this year we have Professor Hilda Serdeira from Argentina, Professor Muhammad Hassan from Sudan, and Professor Gregorio Medrano, a senior from Spain. Many of you, I mean, these are familiar faces, many of you know them very well. But I will now give the floor to Ahmad Salam, you know, a very close friend of the center and the son of the Salam to introduce today's winners. So Ahmad, good to see you here. Likewise. Thank you, Ateesh. Thank you very much for those very warm words of introduction. I'm absolutely delighted to be here. In the name of Allah, the most gracious the ever merciful. It is indeed a great honor and a great pleasure to be with you again today. Though sadly not in person. I miss not being able to attend these events in person. The ICTP means so very much to me personally and the whole Salam family. As many of you have heard me speak before, you know that our history with ICTP, and my own memories of ICTP could write back to the earliest days, even as far back as 1965, when I was a very small boy, when we first visited Trieste, and even visited the Piazza Oberdown office and there are not many people left to make that claim. Of course, ICTP has come a very, very long way since those early days. But one thing I do believe has remained constant, and that is the spirit of Salam. You also heard me say before that I believe my father's most enjoying legacy. It's not the Nobel Prize, but it was his role as a champion of education and science and developing world. Nobel was a means to an end. And the end was to bring science and technology to all. And the ICTP is a unique, shining beacon of the best example of Salam's legacy. Share effort and time father put into the creation of ICTP was amazing. And I was able to see this firsthand. He struggled so hard to set up the ICTP and then fought again, incredibly hard to keep it alive in the face of great adversity and indeed great opposition. He was the most focused and committed man and would not give up. And he worked tirelessly to keep ICTP alive and on track. He would literally travel the world, arming, persuading, cajoling, and if required, brow beating to get what he so firmly believed in. And yet he always made time for his colleagues, staff and his students. As you know, father split his day to be into three, one third for the administration, one third for the staff and students, and one third for his own work. He always took great interest and pride in everyone who came through the door of ICTP. And indeed, in the early days of ICTP, the coffee bar used to be the first floor restaurant. And father would have a table in the corner overlooking the carpet and a small sign on the same director's table. But he would always be there every lunchtime and any student or any member of staff was always invited to come and sit with him and talk to him. And he always kept an open door policy. He would do his utmost to help, mentor and guide all those in the wider ICTP family. And it is this commitment that we celebrate with the Spirit of Salam Award. ICTP came about because of the massive need, which anything is even more relevant now than it was in 1964. There was a huge gap then between the developed and undeveloped worlds. And 3S had an incredible strategic importance of being the first port in Western Europe if you came from the East and the last port in Europe if you came from the West. The world was so very different then. There was no global communication medium as we have now. Yet despite the challenges, father made it his life to work, to take up the challenge when others opted for a simpler, easier life. And he was never afraid to take up a just cause and a real challenge. And in order to fulfill the ambition of the ICTP, father went well beyond the call of duty. His every hour was spent thinking of how to help, guide, support and mentor the smartest minds who just happen to be in the wrong place due to an accident of birth. And it's this spirit of sacrifice well beyond the norm that we wish to remember and perpetuate and to celebrate in the spirit of Salam Award. We want to recognize, applaud and encourage members of staff, whether administrative, academic, we make no distinction. We wish to remember those and recognize those who have gone out of their way, gone beyond their job description to help support and mentor others. Many of the visitors to ICTP, this is often their first time outside their home countries. And so the warmth of the welcome from everybody they receive at ICTP is so very important. And this spirit is set from the top down, and at each we have a most worthy leader who sets exactly that example. This award is given at the discretion of the family. Winners this year are most worthy and we're delighted to welcome them to our little exclusive club. Before I introduce the winners, may I just reiterate what Atish said. We really want all of you to nominate those who you feel have gone out of their way to help and guide you, whether in the cafeteria, the restaurants, the guest houses, the drivers, IT, maintenance staff, the library, the secretaries. Indeed, anyone please do take trouble to nominate them. Father drew no distinction between anyone who helped someone else. That is the message of Islam, helping and working for humanity. And he helped every single person that he could. Now to turn to this year's winners. Muhammad Hassan is a distinguished and highly influential advocate for science and developing world. He was an early career mathematician from Sudan. Father recruited him to come to ICTP. In 1993, father asked him to help organize a foundation meeting that would establish class in the world of Academy of Sciences. That was a huge undertaking. The first founding fellows appointed Hassan, the first executive director in 1995. And he remained in that role for 26 years, becoming a very close advisor and close friend to father. He developed twice his worldwide network that have had such a far-reaching impact. Hassan has been a long-term friend and collaborator father. Father picked him as a man with charm there. And above all, a drive and steely determination. A big fuss from just an idea to reality. I strongly believe that father knew Hassan, he would have someone who could learn the art of networking, building bridges across communities and delivering an incredible organization. Hassan has delivered and helped build to us into the fine organization it is today. He has worked tirelessly in the spirit of Islam to further education, science and technology for all. He has led from the front and always been willing to sacrifice himself and his comfort from more noble cause. I know father was very fond of Hassan and was very grateful to him for his hard work and effort he put into building the strong foundations of class. For a personal level, in the last few days where the father was ill but determined to carry on working in fiesta, Hassan took such great care of father as if he was his own son and father was his own father. And were honoured to award Hassan with his spirit of Islam. Gregorio Mandrano-Vecencio from Spain is a physicist with a long history of collaboration with father. He was a frequent visitor to ICTP. Inspired by my father, in 1980 Gregorio proposed a creation in Spain, the Centre for Energy Studies, which would have established a wonderful triangular forum between Spain and the Islamic world and Latin America. Unfortunately, the project did not materialize due to political changes in Spain. However, I do believe the idea still has great merit and potential and indeed, as we know now, such a centre is desperately needed for energy studies. Gregorio is another long-term associate and friend of father. He lived and breathed the spirit of Islam and believed in the need to build bridges and build a great ability. And whilst Gregorio may well have been heavily influenced and inspired by father, he also followed his own path that always kept the ethos and words of father in sight. If the Centre for Energy Studies had become reality, it would have allowed a part of the Islamic world to gain a seat at the top table of intellectual excellence, a role it desperately needs, and would also have given Latin America a much-needed boost and step up to also develop relevant expertise and excellence. Gregorio dreamed the dream of this centre, and I have no doubt that father had been able to work with him. The two of them would have made this centre an absolute reality. It needed father's head-down force of personality and Gregorio's pragmatism and understanding to make the reality. We're delighted to have Gregorio to join us as part of our spirit of Islam family. Third, but by no means least in any way, Hilda is severe of Argentina.  In addition to her scientific work, she developed an amazing e-journals delivery service, a tool that allows scientists and institutions in the least or low-developed countries to access current scientific literature, of course mainly in the fields of mathematics and physics. The articles are sent as email attachments, so to reach individual scientists, not have access to sufficient bandwidths to download material from the internet in a timely manner, or cannot afford the connection. For us, it is a matter of great pleasure to have Hilda and her contribution be awarded the Spirit of Islam Prize for this year. She also has embodied the whole spirit of ICTP with father and everything that she has tried to do in her life. No person should be denied access to intellectual stimulation, support and knowledge, and Hilda has made that her personal goal to ensure she can do the utmost to develop this. She worked tirelessly and without wanting any recognition for her work. She worked passionately to make the delivery service a reality and ensured access more. The platform Hilda helped to create can be scaled up beyond just mathematics and physics, and it will be wonderful to see this happen. It helped to live a part of father's vision of access of information and knowledge for all. It is the simplest idea, beautifully executed. In many ways, Hilda and Bodhi's Spirit of Salam were thrilled to award Hilda the Spirit of Salam Award for 2021. All Salam family, my sisters, my brother, the Salam grandchildren, the one remaining brother of the Salam, all joined me in congratulation, Hasan, Gregoria and Hilda. Thank you so much and may God bless you all. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much, Ahmad. Maybe now we can, should we proceed with, maybe let's proceed with Professor Hilda Sardaria. Okay, well, thank you very much. I am really very honored for this award, which reminds us of the vision of Professor Salam and of having contributed in the small work to his idea of how they, of how they had to be. First, let me tell you, let me, before I start, let me congratulate Professor Mohammed Hasan and Professor Gregoria Medrano and Selmi for their indeed extremely good work on behalf of the federal. Well, Professor Salam had the firm conviction that it is not financial help that will get countries out of there under development, but what it will get them out is the enhancement of sciences. Providing scientists in less developing countries with scientific literature much needed to perform the work was always a priority of the center. How many times have we been there as researchers carry lots of copies, Syrox copies, obviously of paper, which in those days, Professor Salam allowed people to copy as much as they needed. There were those who come to the center and spend much of their time copying the necessary literature. But times had gone by and the needs are different. And so I will just tell you part of my experience, which ended in the special project that we call the General Delivery Service for which this award was given. So I will, so let me tell you, in 1998, I visited a few countries in Eastern Asia under a third world Academy of Sciences, Lectureship in Science and Sustainable Development. So one of the countries that I visited was Mongolia. It was, remember, it was 1988. October 1988 to be exact. And when I visited the National University in Lombard Town, it was almost seven years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Mongolia had been left all by itself and isolated. For the political reasons known to everybody, there was no much interest to help Mongolia, which in those days was not economically attractive to the developed countries. So it's not easy to describe the situation of the country without being unfair in many ways. Therefore, I will just tell you what happened to me at the university. So the country was in help with social areas. They hardly get any help in the hard sciences and the internal funding was very limited. The laboratories were old, they had no journals, and even the Russian journals had stopped after 1991, and they received almost no visit. The faculty members had a solid preparation in physics. Most of them had studied in the ex-Soviet Union, but had no way to keep up with the literature. And the level of teaching was very high.  So they were eager to know all and every detail. I was explaining the topic and I was interrupted because there were things I was mentioning that they had never heard about. So they will stop me and say, could you explain what that is? And so I had to explain things from a whole range of topics in physics, and I was constantly interrupted because of that. They were eager to know what had happened in science in the world since 1991. So I did the best that I could because obviously I was not knowledgeable in all those topics. But what was incredible is that seminar lasted for five hours. So I will never forget in my life that seminar. I thought it was so rewarding to be able to do something like that. But then I was extremely impressed with the breach in the availability of scientific literature. So when I went back to Tuesday, I was in charge of the donation program. I mean, in everyday discussions of all the people working in the program, we set out to solve the problem. So we set out to find the solution, not necessarily to solve the problem. So the problem in front of us was access to articles due to lack of funds to pay them. So a very low bandwidth. Remember that we were talking about 1998. And another problem that still happens today, which I know it is very much because I work with the group in the University of China in Cameroon. So that is unstable electricity network, but that's something that the ICTP cannot solve obviously. So then, as you know, one thing leads to another, and you talk to people about your ideas. And then finally, we managed to engage Martin Bloom, who was at the time the editor in chief of the physical review of the American physical society into collaboration on the solution. Martin was very worried about this problem also trying to find the solution from their own point of view. So with his help, which was incredible. And of other well-known publishers like Elsevier, Peter Bormann was the president, and he was also very worried about this problem. And he had a hard time convincing the company, but eventually he did. This one really from the Institute of Physics and a very good impulse from Paul Ginspar, who was a creator of their type. So with all that and the convention by Paul Ginspar that probably that shouldn't be just my idea, but it could. We had to, she said to me, why don't you put it? Why don't you do it yourself? You know, that's essentially asking for people to do it. And so then he convinced me that I can do it. So I went back home. If that was at the conference, I went back home. And then I was I was told by a colleague of a special software that Enrique Canesa and Clementonime can just develop and that people could navigate the internet without the browser. This was called the WWW for mail. And after that, after that, okay, Canesa and Enrique were happy to help. And we started working on this. And we also engaged Carro Fonda to implement the whole system. So eventually with it, and the this so-called e-journal delivery service or the JDS for short, we started to work in January 2002. The key factor was, apart from the technical difficulties, was the exchange, the delicate arrangements that we had to do with important publishers, because eventually got a lot of them working with us. And it was that they were able to appreciate, they found quite appealing. The fact that we had the delivery service in which what we were delivering were articles. And therefore, there was no risk for their business because we were only allowing people from the least developed countries to use it. And therefore, there were those sort of institutions, people would say that we don't pay for them anyway, because there was no way they could pay for them. So eventually, we were able to come with this system that it worked, that it worked, and many people lost it. And that it's still in working today, and it's in the hands of CISA. And we thank very much CISA for being this. And the thing is, nowadays, I mean, many of these people in many of these countries, the internet at least got much better. And we know very well that although no publishers are not very happy, there are ways in which people manage to get the literature that they need. So we, I want to finish by thanking all the collaborators, which I please must know, will you show the slides? Thank you. So I want to show all the collaborators here on the left. Upper left is Enrique Canesa, and on the right is Clemento Numec, who were the ones who developed the software and then worked very hard to make this working. And then the people who are working at the donation program without their help, this could not exist. And those are Lluisa Pesud, Rafaela Corona here on the left, and Nasiri Iqbal, they are all retired now. Nasiri is back in Pakistan. So here if I'm California, who's still at the ICTP, and he really helped us very much to manage to put all this into effect. Then from outside we had Lesko Drell from Slack in Stanford University, who helped us to monitor the internet, how well the internet worked in developing countries. He was doing it in a similar project itself. So then Marty Bloom, who I really have to thank dearly because without him, this would not exist. And Peter Volman, who was at the time president of Elsevier, and he managed to convince such a company in Elsevier to help us in this. Well, thank you very much. And I thank the ICTP for giving me the opportunity to work on this type of thing. And let me thank especially Professor Eri Otozatti, who at the time he was the acting director of the ICTP, he gave a very big impulse to the press. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Hilda. Actually, you may be happy to know that we will have an Institute colloquium by Paul Ginsberg next week on the sixth of on this general topic of distribution of scientific information. Okay. Okay, so may I request now, Professor. Yes, we can hear you. Okay, I'm trying to get the first. Yes, we can see the slide also. Yeah, this is the, I want to show the face I cannot. The first one. Okay, I, I, the first one is not appearing so anyway. Well, good afternoon, colleagues, dear friends. Thank you, Attish. And thank you, Ahmed, for the very kind introduction. I am really very honored to be one of the recipients of the 2021 Spirit of Salam Award. I sincerely thank the family of Salam for this great honor. Salam is a man I greatly respected, like a father, and I greatly admired as a mentor. It was a real privilege for me to be given the opportunity to work very closely with Salam for over 12 years and help him build to us from scratch. He literally built to us from scratch to become globally recognized as the voice of scientific excellence in the developing world. In a few minutes, I will briefly show you what happened during the first 10 years of to us. Let me begin by, again, repeating what Attish and Ahmed said, Salam has had two strong passions that govern his life, and those were actually mentioned by Attish. To pursue excellence in frontier research in physics, and this passion in the end earned him the Nobel Prize. But with equal passion, the passion of unwavering commitment to the plight of young scientists in developing countries, and to international collaboration is one of the most brilliant if not the most brilliant scientists who knew so much about international collaboration. And if you can name number one, the world has ever had the science diplomacy, it is really up to Salam. And as was mentioned, that was clearly justified by his establishment of the ICTP and 20 years after the ICTP to us. So let me just go to twice because this is where I was really very closely working with Salam for the 12 years I guess said. And it always started in June when I received an invitation from Professor Salam to come to Trieste for a few months to help him organize the foundation meeting of the Academy. And the foundation meeting was successfully held in November, the same year. The foundation meeting, you can have a look at the top picture. And by the way, this is the first time I am showing this photo, because we could not trace it for many, many years and finally found it in one of my boxes that I brought from Trieste. It is a unique photo, because it has all the founding members of Tuas, who came to launch Tuas to inaugurate to launch Tuas in the year 1983. And there were 33 of them. All of the men, that's a bit unfortunate because there was only one lady among the founding members of Tuas. And she could not come to this meeting. Sadly, all those founding members are not with us anymore. And the only person who is currently surviving is the one over there, which is me. I don't know whether you can see my photo there. But that was taken actually in Duino Castle. The first meeting ever to be held by Tuas founders was in Duino Castle, and not at the ICPB. The following day, the founders met in Trieste, at the University of Trieste, and you can see he helped Saddam, Boudinish, Zikiki, and believe it or not, that was how I looked like. In 1983, one of the most important recommendations that the founders made was to develop a strategy for fundraising. And that was not an easy task. It was a very, very difficult battle. In fact, it took over a year to get the first grant to support the activities of the Academy and that was provided by the Canadian International Development Agency, CEDA. And it was yesterday amount of $50,000, but it was enough to pay for my part of my salary for one year. And immediately or shortly after that, Salam miraculously managed to convince Andriotti, the foreign minister of Italy, to support the Academy. And Andriotti was very convinced about the Academy and its future. So he decided to give Professor Salam $1.5 million to launch the Academy and develop its activities. And that was really a landmark in the history of Tuas because immediately after that Salam got the money. And he did. It is something fantastic. He organized a conference in South-South, South-North cooperation in science. The first conference of a title like this that ever been organized. And he actually managed to get the Secretary General of the United Nations, Perez de Collier, to come to Trieste and launch the Academy. And that was really a very nice happening. And people in Trieste were happy, people in Rome were happy and Andriotti himself called Salam and asked him if he could actually have the Secretary General of the United Nations come to Rome to visit him because he's never been to Italy. He was never been to Italy before. So Salam managed in a way to convince the Secretary General to travel to Rome to meet the Secretary, to meet the Foreign Minister of Italy. In 1986, again, this is again one of the very important initiatives that Salam made to sustain the activities of the Academy. He saw that the best way for the Academy, at least during his first years to be linked to the ICTP and to be linked intimately to the ICTP. So he managed to get an agreement with the International Accountability Agency to administer twice funds and staff through the ICTP. So all the staff of twice, there were not that many of them at that time were actually members of the ICTP, including myself. I was hired as an ICTP staff member. And then that enabled, of course, Salam to launch major programs of awards, research grants, South-South fellowships and so on. In 1987, Salam got an invitation from the Chinese government to organize the second General Conference. The first General Conference, as I said, was hugely successful. So the Chinese thought that it would be good to have the second General Conference in Beijing, China. And that was really the first conference, of course, in developing countries. It was a great success. And an agreement because of his success, an agreement was made to organize all subsequent General Conferences in developing countries. The theme of the conference in China is Future of Science and Technology in China. And it was historic. It presented the first comprehensive analysis of science and technology development in China. And not many people knew the wealth of science in China before this meeting. As a matter of fact, a few years after that, Nietzsche wanted to identify a number of major conferences that took place over the last 30 years. And the most successful, most important ones. And that was one of them. That was conference in China in Beijing was one of them. And Nietzsche in his article said this is one of the meetings that change the world. In many ways, I think that was right, because not many people knew how much science was conducted in China. And that opened the door for collaboration, international collaboration with China. And you see in this one picture there, that was, I think, Chairman Denk. That's Abdusselam. That's Menon. And that is myself, trying to run to catch up with it. 1988 again was a significant year. And that is the engagement or the involvement of to us, with women in science to us with collaboration with CEDA, organize a conference on women in science and developing countries. There were 200 leading women scientists from more than 60 countries participated in the meeting, including two Nobel laureates, Levy, Montalcini and Dorosy. And it was at that meeting that women scientists decided to elect or appoint an interim study group to establish the organization of community science, which we see today. In 1990, third general conference was held again for the first time in Latin America in Caracas, hosted by a very close friend of Professor Salam, President Perez was the president of Venezuela. And most of them in fact discussed the organization of this conference when Perez was flying over to Yugoslavia. And Salam convinced him to just to stop in his private jet to stop in Trieste to have a meeting with him and that happened. And this is where they discussed the organization of conference. They focused on reviewing the status and prospects of science and technology in Latin America, and the Caribbean, and on recommendations of the report of the South Commission. Professor Salam was the only scientist member of the commissioners of the South Commission. There were about 15 of them, only one scientist. In 1991, again, this is a landmark in the history of Tuas. It was actually a conversation that was held between Frederico Mayor, the former DG of UNESCO, and Blitz, the DG of the International Environmental Agency, and the Blitz after the enormous expansion of the ICTP and Tuas. But the mandate of ICTP and especially Tuas does not really fit in well with the mandate and the narrow programs of the IEA. So he discussed with Mayor to transfer the ICTP and Tuas to UNESCO. And Mayor of course gladly accepted that. But Salam was reluctant. He was not prepared to move the center and Tuas to UNESCO. I don't know. He had some reservations about UNESCO, but he was not happy about that. But after a lot of talk and argument and convincing statements from both the director generals, Salam reluctantly accepted to move Tuas first. He said it works with Tuas and then later on the ICTP. And that's exactly what happened. This historic meeting Tuas was finally, it was finally agreed that Tuas should move from the IEA to UNESCO. That was a conference in Kuwait, and you see here the Amir of Kuwait at that time. And that was then a historic meeting because it was held just shortly after the end of the war between the US and Iraq and the liberation of Kuwait from the Iraqis. The focus was on environmental pollution caused by the Gulf War in 1991. And again it was a very important event that Salam organized. In 1993, that one that brings us to the 10th year of the first years of Tuas, the 10th anniversary celebration so that was held in Trieste. And the launching of an endowment campaign, endowment fund campaign of $10 million. Salam, by the way, never liked fundraising. He always tells us if people are convinced about the type of work that we're doing, that we're doing excellent work, they should come with their money. But there I think finally we're convincing that for the sustainability of the academy, maybe the best thing to do is to raise an endowment fund. So we agreed to that. And in fact, he convinced the Kuwaitis, the Amir of Kuwait, to contribute a million dollars for the endowment. He didn't pay all that money but he paid half of it. So 1994, that's where things started to change. After Salam stepped down as president, due to health problems. And the same year, Benazir Butu, the Prime Minister of Pakistan at that time, invited Salam and she really desperately wanted Salam to come to Pakistan to launch one of the organizations that was founded by Salam, which is an organization for science and technology for sustainability in the south. This is the only intergovernmental organization that Salam managed to establish in Islamabad. So he could not go because of health reasons. So he asked me to go. So I gladly went and represented him at the meeting. At that meeting, Benazir Butu gave me a check of 100,000 dollars. She said, this is the money I would like to give to Professor Salam as an endowment for us. But I would really like you personally to go and give him the check. So I agreed and I did exactly what she asked me to do. So I went to Oxford immediately after the meeting and I met with Salam. He was not well at that time. I gave him the check, he looked at it, smiled and gave it back to me. He said, deposit it in the bank. So that was a contribution of Pakistan to the endowment. 21st of November, 1996, a very sad day, Salam passed away. And a few days after that, that was general meeting was held in curiosity on the 26th of November in memory of his founding president. Vargas was elected president of to us. And not many people know, but it was actually at that meeting that Vargas proposed renaming ICTP after it's found. That's exactly what happened and it was all of all of that. And now we have the name of the new name of the ICTP. So with that I thank you. And again, I wish to extend my sincere songs to the family of Salam and also the ICTP for this opportunity, at least to show you some of the achievements that Salam has done during the first 10 years of the World Academy of Sciences. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Muhammad. This was for this historical view. We will now move to the next awardee, Professor Asensio. Professor Atis Dahulkar. Dr. Atmeh Salam, Professor Muhammad Hassan, Professor Hilda Sardaira. I would like to thank you for the award of this prize, which was very emotive for me because my professional career should have been very different without Abdul Salam and without the ICTP. The first time, well, a professional revolutionary said more than 100 years ago that the road to Paris passed through New Delhi. It was forecast in the end of colonialism. The exercise of all my professional life passed also across entities related with developing countries or developing countries and themselves. I mean, Natya Gali, ICTP, the Center Internationale de Física, founded by Leo Violini and Eduardo Posada, and of which I am proud to be a foundational member. My work in Brazil, sent by AIEA, to advise nuclear brass for the creation of the first laboratory for environmental radiology. And also by activities at the European Commission for the training and mobility of researchers to open this activity to the participation of scientists from developing countries. And to foster science and technology cooperation with non-European countries in particular with developing one. This way would have been quite different without my first visit to the ICTP to participate in the summer college and computing as a language of physics coordinated by Luciano Bertocchi in 1971. It was then when I met Professor Salam for the first time. Just before beginning my PhD studies at the Nuclear Research Center of Saqli. Then I was housed at the City University of Paris. Its environment was very international with strong presence of students from third world countries, with whom I had the longest changes. The events on 1968 were very close in time and young people were in general sensitive to social matters. And the discussions about science and its relationships with the culture, economy and development rise frequently. During one year I shared a room with an Egyptian colleague and I learned directly how the different environmental, cultural, no sorry, different cultural environments make conditions on the conception of the world and the mentalities of people which is not possible to forget in any relation with other cultural environments. After upholding my thesis, I went back to Spain and began to work as a scientific advisor to the biggest consulting company in the country. During one of my visits to the Junta de Energía Nuclear, the Atomic Energy Commission of Spain, I saw a poster announcing the first summer college on physics and contemporary needs at Natia Gali in 1976. I decided to go there and got financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and from the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to fly from Madrid to Rawalpindi and to stay at Natia Gali. Professor Salán was there and this gave me the privilege of having several conversations with him. I dared to suggest to my illustrious interlocutor to organize courses on nuclear reactor theory at ICTP. As a certain number of developing countries had built nuclear power stations or they were trying to get scientific, technical and financial capacities to build and operate them. I felt a great satisfaction when I knew that one and a half years later courses on nuclear physics and nuclear reactor theory were organized at ICTP at the beginning of 1978. As my conditions of work were very flexible, I participated in them and also in those which followed in 1980-1982. In September 1979, I also took part in a course on renewable energies coordinated by Professor Giuseppe Furran. And in the following while, in two more courses on mathematical economics and other system analysis in collaboration with IAASA. Salam asked me why I jumped from the face to another. I answered, I was thinking on the possibility of creating in Spain an international center for energy sciences. To consider globally all the problems linked with the supply energy from different sources, coal, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewable. And also from different points of view, technical, scientific, economic, sociological and also taking into account mass psychology who had provoked the rejection of the acceptance of different ways of producing useful energy. And also covering all the steps of the processes, fabrication of components, running coast, environmental impact and the often forgotten cost of recycling the material after the end of the life of the installations. Salam answered was synthetic, hopeful and compromise. If ever you need me in Spain, call me and I will go. In that time, Spain had recuperated a democratic government and the constitution which settled a quasi-federal government of the country distributed among 17 autonomies. One of them is Castilla La Mancha, the land of Don Quixote, with a surface of about 80,000 square kilometers and a low density of population, two millions of inhabitants. In 1981, this region had not any university. So, I asked for an audience with the president of the first regional government of Castilla La Mancha, Antonio Fernando Galliano, an university professor. And I proposed to him the creation within the future university, or aside of it, an international institute for energy sciences oriented to the collaboration with the three great cultural areas in which the Spanish cultural culture is ruled, Europe, Latin America and the Islamic world. Fernando Galliano was interested in the idea and asked me, how can we begin? I answered that organizing is impossible, to which we will invite a Nobel laureate. He then concluded, okay, then I will bring the minister for universities and research of the central government of Spain. A few days later, I received a call from Mr. Agustín de Grandes, regional minister for energy and industry. He became a central person for the organization of the symposium. I contacted Professor Salam, he accepted the invitation, and we agree on the dates, the first week of July 1981. The symposium on the International Dimensions of Energy Problem took place in the medieval city of Ciguenza, who hosted an university in the past. The participation of Salam attracted those of other distinguished scientists, like Professor Karl Heinz Herka, director of the Institute for Energy, an energy system at the University of Estudio, and former collaborator of Heisenberg and von Weissekar. Also Jean-Bissac, head of the department of reactor theory and mathematics applied as a real energy atom. Dr. Villegas, minister of education in the government of Venezuela. Professors Galileo Villolini and Abdul Mojim Han, later member of the government of Bangladesh, and I stop here not to make too long the list. As a fruitful result of the symposium, the participants strongly supported the creation of an international center for energy sciences and offered grants from their institutions to create a critical mass for research. The ICTP would have one more child. During Professor Salam's visit to Spain, we were received in audience by King Juan Carlos. We traveled to Toledo, the city of the three cultures in Córdoba, where Salam visited the Ahmadi and Sunni mosques, and the great and historic one of the 18th century. In September of the same year, he, Salam, invited Mr. de Grandes and myself to this symposium organized at the ICTP to present the different projects to create the ICTP Thai centers all around the world. The Spanish project played a flag role. We intended to organize a new meeting in Ciwenta in 1983 to discuss and approve the estates of the center and officially founded it. Notwithstanding all the following, the fate of the center was going to change soon. In 1982, I was sent from my enterprise to the Federal Republic of Germany to work on the design of a big solar power plant. High-level administrative changes happened in the government of Castilla Mancha, and shortly after, I became a functioner of the European Commission in Brussels as a scientist in the Director General for European Artificial Policy. And then I remained during almost 20 years in Beijing. The project for an international center for energy sciences lost impetus and never become a reality. And now allow me another jump in time from the project of 40 years and to the generous award of the spirit of Abdul Salam. In the motivation of the prize, there is a regret of the non-success of the International Center of Energy Sciences and what can be understood as an invitation to retake the idea. As all soldiers never die, Leo Iolini, Augustine the Grandes, and myself undertook the recuperation recently and undertook the recuperation of that old idea with the help of the Vice Chancellor of the University of Alcalá de Henares, Professor Carmelo Garcia. Nevertheless, if the premises for the meeting is an accommodation of the participants in future activities, a gain in Siguenza didn't present the problems, the financial support seems more difficult, and this is our present battle. But the project has made the attention of newspapers of the region and interviewed me and an article written by Leo Iolini which presenting the recovery of the idea. And that recovery taking into account the time passed from my point of view require some adaptations. So instead an international center for energy scientists, I wrote a motivation for a scientific multidisciplinary and cultural center also with a multidisciplinary center and with an intercultural projection that would encompass not only energy problems, but also other subjects which should be treated along extended seminars. A round table with distinguished participants would have to precise the activities to be treated and the corresponding calendar. As possible thematic examples that I would like to be in contact with the local needs needs that Castilla Mancha is a part of the void Spain. And its problems are also often problems of developing countries. I would like to mention water management, science, technology and society, high technology companies, innovation in small and medium size enterprises and related problems, climate change and energy production and use, science and society from an historical point of view. I have to say that I only know studies dedicated to this problem that of Joseph Needham, Science and Civilization in China, hydrocarbon producer countries after the oil era and so on. If ever we failed a second time, it's my personal hope that the idea could be recovered by other countries, developing one in particular. Personally, I think that my colleague shared his opinion. I shouldn't see as a competition, but an opening of new and more extended collaboration. Thanks a lot for your attention. I don't know if it is possible to show you a picture I sent to Mrs. Maccowich and which has allowed myself, ah, voilà. You know, that happened 41 years ago. Now this child is 41. And that was in the moment of the farewell to Salam at the airport of Madrid. Thanks a lot again. Okay, thank you. Thank you very much Gregorio for this another, you know, a very different perspective on Salam's, you know, many dimensions. So with this, Ahmad, do you would like to add something? It just, it's been very emotional to hear all these memories of father and many new stories and I'm just always amazed how father touched so many people's lives, not just with his science, but with his personality, with his passion, with his drive, with his commitment. And I just thank everyone today so much on behalf of the whole family. It's been an absolute honor being with you today. And I very much look forward to last meeting in person at some stage soon. Thank you so much for a t-shirt for hosting us all today. Yes. Yeah, we all look forward to seeing you in fact in person sometime soon. And I really do agree with Ahmad that all the three talks today really give quite a different perspective on different aspects of Salam's mission. So it was very interesting and, you know, educational for me to learn about it. So thank you very much. And I hope to see you all in person. Thank you so much. Goodbye, everyone. Yes, no, just I should mention it for the staff. Okay, first of all, don't forget this nominations 15 December 2021 is the deadline. And now we will have a staff meeting followed by this on a different link. So we will take a 10 minute break. And I request you to join maybe eight minute break and we'll start at 1520. Thank you very much. See you. See you. Bye.


Johnson's great successes in foreign policy have been overshadowed by the discussion of Vietnam, which is something that Frank Gavin is, and I want to ask you to talk about that. Well, you can do it. I know about the book, but haven't read it. Interestingly enough, I remember, I mean, surely there's no coincidence to it, but it's interesting that this is what Dean Rusk said at the time of, I think, of the President's death. He said, today's writers are inclined to talk about President Johnson solely in terms of Vietnam, but writers in the future are going to talk about it any time or something. But anyway, it is interesting. And then I want to talk about, then I want to ask you about Mrs. Johnson, and then we'll get into that book in whatever way we can. This is reel two, Ellsworth Rostow. Ellsworth, putting Vietnam aside for a moment, there is a new book out now by a scholar named Tom Schwartz who has spoken here at the library on occasion. And I understand that the book is about the Johnson successes in foreign policy that have been obscured by all of the attention given to Vietnam. And that is a theme, I believe, that is being pursued by a scholar at the LBJ School who is something of a, well he's certainly a friend of yours and I think he looks upon you as something of a mentor, Frank Gabbett. And anyway, do you know about this book and do you have any observations about the subject matter? It's very easy to talk about a book you've not read, so indulge me. How about the subject matter? I agree. There have been other studies, for example, Francis Bator done a study of Johnson's policy in respect to Europe where he gets very good marks for handling the prickly subject of relations with General De Gaulle in terms of building up not only the special relationship with Great Britain, but also keeping the Cold War from getting to a level that could have resulted in a nuclear exchange. Sure, Vietnam was like a cloud that obscured the other parts of the period that LBJ was in the White House. I've taught Johnson administration as a part of various courses that I've done at the LBJ School and I've always been amazed to see how many very useful activities occurred that had nothing whatsoever to do with Vietnam. To be sure the Alliance for Progress started under Kennedy, didn't reach the goals that had been set in 1961. Goals were too high. What I call the Marshall Plan Syndrome operated, we had in 1947 a remarkable success in launching in the Marshall Plan an effort to bring Europe back to the level of 1938 and people were pessimistic, said it's going to cost $32 billion and take ten years. Actually it only cost $12 billion, well $12.8 billion and the goals of not getting back to the levels of productivity of 38 occurred within three, four years instead of ten. Well this is a remarkable success in public policy and people have thought that they could imitate it by just throwing dollars at Latin America, at the Indian subcontinent. Hubert Humphrey said he wanted a Marshall Plan for the cities. Well the reason it's a fallacy as well as a syndrome is that Europe was already developed and damaged in World War II and bringing a country back to a level that it occupied before is a totally different task than trying to raise countries up that have not had the experience of modern markets of technology at a much higher level. So trying to do the, trying to repeat the Marshall Plan success is doomed unless you have a very peculiar circumstances of 1947 to 1953 let's say. The fact that we didn't have a total success, well it was not a success in the Alliance for Progress didn't mean that a lot of good things didn't happen in Latin America. They did. In terms of Asia, Vietnam aside, Lee Kuan Yew from Singapore said that what had happened with U.S. policy in Asia was buying time for Asian development. Lee Kuan Yew went to Harvard where he'd been before and taxed the critics of Vietnam saying you don't understand what has happened in Asia because of your president and they didn't understand and they didn't approve of what Lee was saying but nonetheless the mere fact of the protesters, the March and the Pentagon and the very real costs of Vietnam don't underestimate the costs that we paid and in a sense continue to pay for the way the Vietnam story ended and of course it didn't end with LBJ, it ended later on with Nixon, Ford, Kent State comes much after etc etc but the the Schwartz approach which again I've yet to read is exactly what a more dispassionate view of the future will see. That's what I was trying to say in talking about the similarities I see to LBJ's impulses within the U.S. and his impulses abroad. It's going to be, it will happen and this sort of revisionism will occur if only because historians make their reputation by taking conventional wisdom and turning it on its head and they can't fail to do it because that's how you sell books but the revisionism will not just be a way of establishing presidential historians reputation but it will be correct because this was a period of activism in the White House and a period of change and these are always periods that are harsh in some respects, critical, criticized in many respects but they move the country forward in terms of various objectives and I'm not just thinking of civil rights or education or the National Endowment for the Arts. It was a period of very considerable achievement, indented, attacked, overcast, shattered by Vietnam but that shadow will, in time I think, it will not go away because Vietnam matters but it will be viewed as a part of a larger whole rather than the entire story by itself. Moving the focus a bit now away from the President to Mrs. Johnson, you have had a certain and longer association with her than you had with the President because it has included all these years of retirement, particularly the years that you were Dean of the Aubrey J. School but at any rate I'd just like to have you reflect on your relationship, on her and your relationship with her and how you see her historically. Certainly an outstanding First Lady, the term itself is slightly denigrating because it sounds a little bit TN Crumpets but she's indeed a remarkably intelligent, highly disciplined, warm and effective person and I'm not just thinking of beautification, aware of the fact that she as well as others didn't like the term but nobody has been able to find a better way to describe what she's done for the American landscape, what she's done for the parks, etc. but just as a human being she's tough and at the same time gentle. She's deeply interested in people and not just as a good listener but as a deeply concerned person about the impact of her life and her husband's life on the lives not just of Americans but people outside. I just like her. She's a terribly nice person and I value her friendship as something one of the many fringes that I've had by deciding to come to this part of the world after the period in Washington ended. We didn't come down with those who came on Air Force One. I had a term at American University where I was teaching to finish a house to sell and various other things to do but when we came here and it was coming not in a conestogal wagon but in a station wagon with a standard poodle, a teenage son who didn't want to come leaving a daughter behind whose school had boarding facilities. My mother, Walt was really a remarkable husband. He had not only took his mother-in-law aboard when we were in Europe for three years before we returned to MIT in years past but my mother continued to live with us, built in babysitter, yes, the bonus was there but also it's a man of character who can live with his mother-in-law these many years and enjoy it but my mother was a rather special person so it wasn't as tough as it might seem but both Johnson's were wonderful with my mother and from the times that they'd have her in the White House to the times when we lived more or less adjacent to one another in Westlake Hills, I regarded them not just as the historical figures that they were but as extremely nice neighbors and extremely good friends and that was quite a development from what I said. A few minutes ago about my New York biases or Eastern deformations, whatever you want to call them, in the beginning of the 60s but Mrs. Johnson, had she been a political figure on her own, she would have been, I think, remarkable. I don't think that she has maybe the tough hide that politics at the national level requires. For example, as far as I know and you probably know better, I don't think she reads the nastier books that have appeared in print and I understand that. I've had some experience in the same general area but she would have been a remarkable figure had she proved to be not just probably the best first lady, well Alice Longworth said she was the best first lady we'd ever had and coming from Alice Longworth, that was praise indeed. She was not disposed of throwing bouquets to anyone but she was more than that. She was a part of the Johnson Reform package which extends from cultural, social, economic, diplomatic, etc. areas and I'm becoming Johnny One Note but I do see it as a part of a whole just as you can talk in an earlier period about the so-called Roosevelt Revolution. There was a kind of Johnson Revolution going on in the 60s and it was so multifarious, it was so diversified that like the blind men and the elephant, some people saw only the trunk, some people saw the legs, someone got hold of the tail but someday the entire picture will emerge. I'm sorry, the Democratic party had to use the illustration of an elephant but that's... In this series of recollections this is the only opportunity I think, the only time, you got some reflection on the relationship between Mrs. Johnson and the LBJ School and you are uniquely in a position to talk about that, what the relationship was and how the students responded, the whole thing. First of all there's such a contrast between the attitude of the Johnson family and the LBJ School and the attitude of the Kennedy family and their library and school. The degree to which LBJ and I imagine Mrs. Johnson played a detached role I think has to be underlined and stressed. They were not intrusive, they were not dogmatic about what should be done. I remember one time at the ranch when the school was just in the planning stage and it was very clear that President Johnson who had read some document, I don't know what it was about plans for the school, felt that it was on the wrong track. Did he try to, a strong arm, let's say John Gronowski, the founding dean, did he try to intrude? As far as I can tell no. The Kennedys have regarded what goes on in Cambridge as sort of preserving the reputation of the president and also making sure that the right sort of publicity gets out. As far as I can tell, this didn't occur before I was closely involved with the school and it certainly didn't involve afterwards. The students have always been grateful anytime Mrs. J could appear at the school but she only appeared on invitation and there was a degree of almost diffidence. She wanted to hear what they were doing, what they were interested in, what their plans were. The only thing I think that was constant was a wistful hope that more graduates of the LBJ school would stand for elective office and that still continues when I remember telling her that some graduate had been elected something. I don't think it was one of our graduates who was now the Republican governor of Colorado. It must have been somebody else but in any case I said that this had occurred and her eyes brightened. She said, oh goodie, but we are not turning out many contestants for public office though right now one of our graduates is running for the Austin City Council, you know, runoff and we are beginning to have a list of names that might even cheer the president. But beyond that, as dean I found great support for anything that I wanted and of course the Johnson Foundation as a major support mechanism for both the library and the school. It does ask for reports from the faculty as to what they are doing and the students are encouraged to send any sort of information or word encouraged in the direction of the foundation that might keep the correct ties between a funder and the fundee, if there is such a word as a fundee, is there? Well, I don't know, there is now. Okay. The school probably was profited by their support and their genealogy in the beginning when the student body was small it was possible to have events at the ranch. They could all go out in the beginning and I think one large wagon, but that isn't possible now. We are facing bumper crop next year. It is going to stress all of us out because we normally take in about a hundred and we have 154 acceptances at the moment. But scale has worked against the kind of intimate ties that existed in the beginning. But the many ways in which the judge Johnson family, including Lucy, and although she is at a distance, Linda, is illustrated by so many occasions. We now have something called a Barbara Jordan forum at which Lucy has been a key figure regularly. And we are beginning of course to involve the grandchildren. I don't think we have gotten to the great grandchildren yet, but that will happen. So it is a wholesome relationship. It is not a relationship of dominance on the one side and subservience on the other, quite the contrary. And when there is honest disagreement, as I imagine there has been as to policies, they are not destructive or corrosive. So the school itself, it has had problems with funding when the first Republican governor since Reconstruction days, Bill Clements came in, the LBJ budget vanished. Clements anxious to cut costs, found irresistible the direct line item that funded the LBJ school and simply docked it. There was headlines in the local paper saying LBJ school to close, question mark, which I, this was just at the time when I was becoming dean. It was not the jolliest way to start, but the university took over. And the relationship between the state and the school has been, well, it has been very good in one sense in that we have turned a very large number of our graduates into state employees and good ones. And also we have produced very useful civil servants in Washington. And we are now embarked on a doctoral program as well and we are going to have, I think, some very real academic successes. So the school after Rocky times seems to me on stable footing and in very large part the Johnson Foundation and the Johnson family. And the president, Mrs. Johnson, have played a key role in that story. Elspeth, one of the flaws in this series of recollections and reminiscences and is a very serious one, is that we did not get to walk. And clearly he is one of the giants of the time that we are trying to get a portrait of and one of the giants whose work is recorded here in this library. But it is too late to talk to him, but I would like to talk about him. And let's do it by something about this new book of his that is just coming out now. Well, this is Walt's last book. Someday when I have time I am going to count books. I think it is his 36. It could be 37th, but it is in that area. And it is the closest thing he would ever write to a memoir or an autobiography. He was not introspective. He did not enjoy talking about himself. And he had a great desire not to do the sort of thing that editors would not tell nasty stories about the people that he is known and worked with. All of this would have led to a rather dull autobiography if he had gotten around to doing it. In this book, can you do anything with this? Concept and controversy. And it is a subtitle, 60 years of taking ideas to market. I gave him a list of titles. He had a black thumb with titles. He simply was too academic and there was no way I could persuade him to get a good sexy title. I would make suggestions and they would fall into a black hole. But at this point, he did have a career that extended over 60 years. And he had had many ideas that he hoped to put into action. Some of them worked. Some of them didn't. Some of them came through in a modified or dilute fashion. But ultimately, he had a first chapter. He does talk a bit about himself and how he became interested in public policy as well as in his academic subjects, which were economics and history and economic history. Three, as it were, different areas. All of them in order to affect any kind of change required something in the field of public policy. So in this book, he dedicates it to a large number of people with whom he had worked, ranging from presidents Eisenhower, Nelson Rockefeller, General Goodpastor, John Kennedy, Ambassador B. K. Nehru, General Westmoreland and academics. It's a long dedication. But the book is divided into fourteen chapters and it really is. He borrowed only part of something I called to his attention. He was named by his parents, his father, a Russian immigrant, his mother, U.S. born, but both from Russian Jewish stock. He was named after Walt Whitman as his elder brother had been named after the socialist Eugene Debs, except that, again, you never get correct, but his older brother was Eugene Victor Rostow, not Eugene Victor Debs Rostow. But Walt was Walt Whitman. This is a roundabout way of saying that one of Whitman's essays was entitled A Backward Glance or Travel Roads. I liked that and I tried to persuade Walt to structure this book as a backward glance. I only got one chapter, as I wanted it, and that's the first, which is entitled A Backward Glance. But then the others talk about how he worked in World War II, the things that he did in the period when we were in Geneva working with the Economic Commission for Europe, a UN regional body after the war, and going down, and of course Vietnam, but also since his life, like LBJ's, had a coherence people don't always realize the fact that he started a project comprehensive investment program in Austin, Texas. That's the next to last chapter. But the theme that ties it all together is the importance of decisions. He talked about the fact that economists divide the long and the short period, and he thought that was a mistake, that the long period is always with us, that what you do today will have an impact on what will happen fifteen years from now, or what you don't do today. So he talked about the importance of decisions. He talks about the fusion of the long and the short period, and how important it is to try to work on the minority populations in Texas at the moment when we in this state are turning into a majority minority state. And if you don't educate your minorities well, this state is going to pay for it in the future. It's just one illustration of the relationship between the long and the short period. But he saw this in terms of the many other subjects that animate the chapters between a backward glance and the last one, which is final recollections about the importance of what's about to occur to us with a population problem that people are trying to avoid thinking about as throughout the world we are aging and most of our policies have depended on an abundance of young people, a resource that we could count on. And when this abundant population shrinks to the point that if you can imagine, let's say, a mushroom you have the top of the mushroom, the old population, and a slim stem trying to support it. What this will do to pensions, what this will do to education policy, what it will do when we have to build more nursing homes than nurseries. All of this was his last great illustration of the long and the short period and how you have to think about what you do today in terms of what it will mean in the future. I think of this as we talk at the moment about what's going on in Iraq. And I see things that I won't talk about now. But his impact was to realize in the end, and the reason he liked the picture that is on the cover here is that it was his view that no problem that was really serious failed to get in time to the Oval Office. But to reverse it, if a problem had been easy to solve it wouldn't have gotten to the President. And the reason he likes this picture is that it shows three men with one of those decisions. I don't know which one it was. But there standing in the window is LBJ. There is the Secretary of State, Dean Rusk. Here's the National Security Advisor. And they're grappling with a problem, which whatever it was, had it been easily solved, it would have been solved somewhere down in the bureaucracy. But the real tough ones get to the President's office. And that's why I think the achievements of LBJ are important to stress, that none of these problems was easy. Civil rights was no, as we discovered, took so long. Easy to achieve. Education reform, we haven't solved it yet by any means, but at least significant efforts were made. A concern with the arts, a concern with humanities, these are problems that are going to be particularly important as budget shrink and as the population ages. Well, Walden, all of this, was, he was a loyal man. We have a letter that Bob Kennedy wrote the day that Kennedy left the Department of Justice thanking Walt for his loyalty and his support. Well, he was a friend of Jack Kennedy's and loyal. But this didn't mean that he couldn't be loyal to LBJ. He was not one of those people who had tunnel vision and so only one administration. And Walt also was, he was a Democrat, large D, small D as well, but he worked with Eisenhower. Charlie Kindleberger, a colleague at MIT, came up to me once in a full set of whisper saying, they're saying nasty things about Rostow. This was in the 50s and I said, you better tell me about it. He said, they're saying he's putting nation above party. Well, he did. He did put nation above party, but he realized that you get things done through parties. So he was able to work with C.D. Jackson in the Eisenhower White House with Nelson Rockefeller, with Jack Kennedy, and above all with Lyndon Johnson and Dean Rosk. And with other people in the administration, one morning in the 60s, I saw an article in the New York Times, I think it was The Times, not The Post, where it said that there was a feud going on between Dick Helms, the CIA, and the National Security Advisor, Walt. Walt for once was still having breakfast and he called up Dick and said, Dick, are we having a feud? The effort to emphasize divisiveness, of course, it makes headlines. Maybe he even sells papers, I don't know about that. But he was a consensus builder, if he could. And he was also, he had this quality of loyalty to people who were in a position to assist the policies that he liked. In the Eisenhower period, he introduced the concept of overflight, so-called open skies policy. Eisenhower took it to Geneva, Khrushchev, and then turned it down. And only very much later, the overflight concept, open skies, became a reality, but much later than Walt had hoped. So I see a consistency in his academic work, in his life, and in the fact that he was devoted to what he thought were better public policies. Not all of them achieved, of course, and not all of them without considerable costs in human terms. We had domestic picketing at our house in Cleveland Park in Washington. Death threats came over the telephone, and the only time Walt got really angry was when my mother picked up the phone, and we came home and found her shattered by someone who called to say that he was going to kill Walt. So it was not a life without a certain amount of tension, but he slept at night, and he didn't bring work home. He worked long hours, once when we were barely in Washington. Our children were small, and came home from school. She went to Beauvoir, where many of the children had parents in government. She said, Mummy, Mummy, I have to tell Daddy something. And I said, Well, he'll be here shortly. She said, Yes, but it's important. And when Walt came home, he said, Daddy, I found out you don't have to work on Sundays. But it was a hard life in eight years in Washington, but a good life at the same time. And it had many perks. I brought in this. The state visits were so numerous that it was very educational for me in some ways to get to see heads of state of places like, say, Mali, where I normally wouldn't have had any knowledge of the individuals. And I just, for example, here, this is 1968, visit of President Habib Buergeba of the United States. Here, this still, amazingly, in 2003, is still shiny and visible. And the weather is still good. I use it simply to say that there were very many fringe benefits as far as I was concerned. In the eight years we were in Washington. Probably the oddest one came not in the Johnson years, but in the Kennedy years, when I was the interpreter, or supposed to be the interpreter, between Mrs. Kennedy and Arthur Miller at a dinner when it happened that, well, Mrs. Kennedy, and I put in Andre Malraux who brought over the Mona Lisa to be shown in the National Gallery. And in the blue room, Mrs. Johnson had, yes, she had Andre Malraux on her right. I was between Malraux and Arthur Miller. And it turned out that my French was only slightly better than Arthur Miller's, but Malraux was programmed not to listen to Arthur Miller, but just to listen to me. And Mrs. Kennedy was there with her school, very fluent schoolgirl French, as a part of this. And one difficulty was that Andre Malraux, according to David Schoenberg, who claimed he knew Andre Malraux, had done some damage to his face by drugs at an earlier stage. And his entire face moved like a working lake. And to try to interpret for a man whose face was changing before your very eyes, and Miller, ready to answer. And I would turn to Miller and say, did you understand that? And he would say, Christ yes. And Mrs. Kennedy looked amazed at this encounter. Well, there was more to that evening. But the state visits themselves were stylized, of course, but lots of fun. At the time when Princess Margaret came, I sat next to her husband, her then husband, at Mrs. Johnson's table. And Princess Margaret was, of course, on President Johnson's right. The husband and I got along, Earl Snowden, got along very well, until it came time to stand up. And I stood up, and I was a head taller than he. And somehow our relationship didn't thrive after that. But in the interval, the strolling strings had come in with their violins. And...


The DAV5K is a wonderful event. It's an event where all of the community can come out and say thank you for the service and sacrifice that our ill and injured veterans have provided to all of us in our country. It provides an opportunity for all generations, entire family to come out and have fun and just say thanks for veteran service and sacrifice and learn a little bit about veterans and their needs. I believe that the DAV5K run is very important because it's about community and it's about bringing together us individuals that had sacrificed our time and bodies and soul to the service. We're proud to say that 30% of the participants were veterans. The DAV5K is a run, walk, roll and motorcycle ride where we had not only citizens come out, we had our corporate partners come out en masse and it's just wonderful to be a part of the community where so many people and corporate partners recognize the sacrifices that our ill and injured veterans and their families have made for our country. We in the service are nothing without the backbone and our backbone is our support system, which is the families. They are behind dealing with the day-to-day grind. The race was led by over 200 motorcycles. What an impactful beginning of that race. It was exciting. The crowd was just having a wonderful time. And those motorcycle riders, in addition to opening the race, they were at the finish line. If you know a veteran and you want to say thank you, certainly do that in person. But you can also come out and support an event like this where you can say thank you to every veteran.


Polymer nanocomposites have been gaining popularity due to their improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties compared to traditional polymers. However, one of the major challenges faced when producing these composites is the agglomeration of fillers such as multi-layered graphene, MLG, and carbon nanotubes, CNTs. This can be avoided through the use of organic solvents, selection of appropriate dispersion and production methods, and functionalization of the fillers. Additionally, hybrid fillers may also be used to create synergistic effects, which can lead to better dispersion of the fillers. This review paper discusses all of these factors in detail and provides guidance on how to optimize the production of polymer nanocomposites with enhanced properties. This article was authored by Rashid Adif and Fawad Anam.


Hello, thank you for joining me. My miniature railway Britain shirt has arrived. So this is the shirt I shall wear when I do most of my miniature railway adventures. As you have seen in previous videos, I announced my plan was to visit every miniature railway. I'm not putting a time limit, it's just going to be as and when I can, but I'm basically going to work through all the miniature railways in Britain and make a little vlog at each one. But what the rest of this video is going to be, it's going to be the list of all the miniature railways I intend to visit. I've decided to do it in two parts because I originally estimated to be about 200. Now there seems to be about 350 odds. So quite a few more than I intend. It's what's going to happen is each miniature railway, the list will come up, it will say each miniature railway, and there's going to be three different backgrounds. There's going to be, if the miniature railway has a green background, it basically means it's easy to get to. I'm quite confident I can get there by public transport, so it won't be anything much more than a mile away from a railway station, tram stop, metro station, maybe even a heritage railway station for that matter. So there are the easy ones to get to. The ones that come up with a yellow background, they're the ones I'm probably going to have to drive to get to. So they're not quite as easy to get to, but I can still get to them. And then there's not many, but there's one or two that have got a red background. Now these are railways which I believe are currently closed, but the track hasn't been lifted. So I'm not talking about railways that are closed and the track's lifted, and they're not there anymore. These are railways I believe exist, but they are, I suppose, hibernating is the word. So there are a few of those on there. So have a look through it. If you want to make any corrections, if unfortunately any railways have closed, please let me know if you can think of any railways beginning from A to M that I've missed out, then please do comment. And what I'll perhaps do is every quarterly maybe I'll publish a video and it'll just mention any new railways or any that have closed. And another thing in the questions and answers video that I have one more question coming in that I think is quite an important one I should answer. Someone said if you go to a miniature railway and then it extends or regages since your visit, do you have to do it again? The answer to that one is yes. So some miniature railways may feature more than once if there is any significant change. So the idea is each miniature rail in Britain should be featured at least once, but if there is any major changes, then they'll be featured again. So hope you enjoyed the series. Now you're going to see all the miniature railways from A to M and in the next few days there'll be N to Z if there are any beginning with Z. But we'll see soon. So enjoy the list of the miniature railways.


Just because I don't feel him in my emotions doesn't mean he's abandoned me in the Spirit. Just because I'm not thinking about him receiving some great revelation doesn't mean I'm not experiencing God in the Spirit. Just because I don't feel his power manifested on my physical being every moment of every day doesn't mean that the Holy Spirit has abandoned me because he is joined to my Spirit. He that is joined to the Lord is one Spirit with him.


Good morning, everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TFN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida at 9 a.m. on Friday, coming back from that July 4th holiday. Hope everyone had a great July 4th. As we start off the morning, we got some jobs data this morning with a rise in payrolls of 224,000. We'll jump over to that in a moment. But the market reacting a bit, pretty mildly. Dow futures right now, negative 86 points with a half hour coming till that opening bell. Dow futures trading 26,887. S&Ps, negative by about 12, trading at 2988. Nasdaq futures off by 45, trading at 7842. We got the 10-year back above 2%, 2.01% on that 10-year. And as we start things off, we'll jump over and we'll start it off with the news of the day. We've been waiting for it, kind of coming back from an interesting day. Market, you're probably going to see very light volume. People, as you would expect on vacation, extending the Wednesday half day, Thursday, July 4th, Friday. Just take that day off and make it a weekend. But we got some action. Non-farm payrolls, 224,000 in June, well above the market expectation of about 165. Unemployment rate actually hedging higher to 3.7 from 3.6. Wage growth 3.1% year over year, one-tenth of a point below, actually, market expectations. So that number hitting the markets at 8.30 to see how that hit the indices and across the broad market started off with the Dow. So we kind of just started trading lower at about 2 a.m. We were up there at 2700 for most of the overnight session. We trade down and there is your 8.30 a.m. volatility. We were trading at about 26,946, just a slight trade to the downside off of that news, 26,874. NASDAQ 100 trading at 78.37. You can see that volatility a bit around that jobs number as well. S&Ps much the same, trading at 29.86. We were actually up there at 3,003 early this morning overnight. Crude oil, volatility in both directions, currently sitting 56.69. Gold contract reacting to that jobs number for sure was trading at 14.16, actually got below 14.00 briefly, currently trading right at that level, 14.80. And we're getting a little bit of dollar strength on that number. Euro weakness, Euro trading, 1.12.42. And the other thing I just wanted to get over there is in Samsung saying second quarter profit likely fell 56%. You're seeing some of those chip stocks get hit this morning on that news. Stay tuned, folks. We've got our man Larry Pesvento coming up at 9, right now. I'm going to be back at 10 with our man Basil Chapman live programming all day at TFNN. Have a great Friday, everybody.