Thank you for this honor to be invited. So I should say that for me, just like Nick Katz, it's the 50th anniversary of my first visit to IHS, the 68th first time. What happened was that I was in Oxford with Attia and he, before leaving, before I left Oxford, he called Grottenly, my phone has said whether I can stay here for a day or two and he said yes, I had a wonderful discussion and everything, and all together I spent maybe, if I add the total amount of time, maybe two years I spent at IHS, but in different, which played a very big role for me. Now about Offer, I think I first saw him, I think I first saw him, not met him, but saw him maybe 10 years after that when he was, when I went to MIT and he was student at Harvard. And I remember going to, only I remember, I went to lecture by Sir, where he was the only one who understood everything. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yes. And then several years later, I think we also had some, I think I benefited tremendously from his work on Pervert Chief, which were quite important for me. So, the thing I will talk about today, I have to say that his garbage work will not appear explicitly, but they all, in fact, without his work, this, I couldn't say, not one word, I think, everything I say, it couldn't exist without his work. Okay, so I will talk about some property of reductive groups of algebraic crossfield, which I think it's maybe not so much, but very well known. So, I will always consider K algebraic crossfield, characteristic P can be zero, and G will be connected reductive groups, reductive group. So the classification of such groups was given by Chevalet in 1955, and they are independent. So it's very remarkable between the classifications independent of K, that's the classification. But what I've tried to do, I tried to decompose G into finally many pieces as a partition, which is namely, what I tried to do is following. So let CL of G set of conjugacy classes. And if C is a conjugacy class, then its dimension is known to be between zero and dimension of G mode, maximum torus. And this suggests that there are two important subsets of the set of conjugacy classes. One is set of regular elements, they are all C, so the dimension of C equals, and the other one is center, which are all C where dimension is conjugacy class is zero. And what I try to do, I try to interpolate, I will try to interpolate between those two extremes. So I will define some partition of G in which there is one part and there's another part. So I will need some, so in this partition, each piece will be union of conjugacy classes of fixed dimension. And the most remarkable thing about this partition is that the indexing set for the pieces is independent of a characteristic of a field. So that is the, so now I need some definitions. So I will use, B will be the right of Borel subgroups. W is a VAL group, and then it is known that it can be interpreted as saying that B cross B is union of subsets indexed by the VAL group, which are the orbits of the group G. And then from this you can get a length function on the VAL group, which this equals the dimension of OW minus dimension of B. And then we need a set of simple reflections, these are all S equals one, this generates the VAL group. Now, for us important, so if G is an element of the group, then we want to consider the all Borel subgroups containing G, so this is also called Springer fiber, and then there is a theorem of Sparterstein, which says, I think he was actually my student, but says that BG has all components, well, certain is not empty, but all components have the same dimension. So BG has dimension, we call it BG, so it's a pure dimension, and this number is actually equal to dimension of B minus dimension of conjugastic class of G divided by two. So this was proved by actually by, this is the second equality was proved by Steinberg and classic zero, and by Sparterstein, any characteristic. Okay, now, the set of regular elements has been studied first by constant in a Li-algebra setting and by Steinberg in a group theoretic setting, and Steinberg has given two, so there are two complete different definitions of the set. So one is that this whole conjugate, this a union. I believe that constant was only just in classic zero. Yes, classic zero, yes. Steinberg was in classic zero. Any characteristic, yes, yes. So what can describe the regular elements, it's all element of a group for which this dimension of this RIT BG is zero, that that is because, the same as saying that dimension of the class is as large as possible. And, but there's a completely different definition which is due to Steinberg, so C, conjugastic class, is contained in a regular set. If only if the following is true for some, or any coaxial element, so I will say what it is, of minimal length, W, this, if you take this class, intersect, suppose you fix some B, so C intersected B, W, B is not empty. So Steinberg showed that if these two for one coaxial element or minimal length, then it's true for any other coaxial element. You know, this characterizes the regular. And this was Steinberg, 1965. By the coaxial element, minimal length, this is a product of the single reflections in any order. This is a definition of the word coaxial element or coaxial element of minimal length? Minimal length, of minimal, any conjugate of that, W conjugate. And similarly this central part can be also characterized in two different ways which are similar to this. So one is that all group elements are the dg equals dimension of flag manifold. So a fixed point set in the flag manifold. So it's all elements contained in all Borelza groups. And it's also the case that element g is in the center if g is contained in B unit element times B. But g is not contained in any other, W is not one. So in this description, these regular elements have, you can associate with them in some sense, the conjugacy class of a coaxial element. And here you can associate a conjugacy class of unit element. By the way, the formula I didn't understand. You wanted maybe there is some, maybe it's a small mistake in Spaltenstein's formula because in the rad, in the, you write d, d minus, so first you divide by two, what, that's the dimension of the class, yes? Okay, but then in the regular case, according to your formula, it's dimension of g of t. So you get twice the dimension of the unit for the radical. That's the same as dimension, that's the dimension, not a part of the dimension of flag manifold, is that? This one, so that's. Ah, it's not dimension of b, but okay. Yeah, that's fine. The dimension of, okay, so it's, did you get it? Curly b, yes. Okay, so now I want to try to give, now give a definition of a stratification. So for any element of the group, we look at homology group of this Springer fiber in a top dimension. This is a top dimension because dimension is twice, is the two of g. And then we can map this to homology group. So this with etal homology, homology of the full flag manifold. So there's a natural map, and we define e, g to be the image of this, of this homography, so. What is the criterion for g and g sent? Well, g is in b, g in the center, but it's an earlier, g is in b1, b, and not in b1. Yeah, not in bw, b. But it doesn't seem to be, maybe, for what is your assertion, because you take, it's certainly b as non-central. Okay, well, yeah. All k's, all, ah, all conjugacy class, all, I mean all conjugates of g's, that's fine. Yes. Yes, yes. Okay, so for each element or group, we can associate a subspace of the homology group of the flag manifold. With the Ladi coefficient. And then we say, we define, we say two elements are equivalent if dg equals, so this dimension, this is same, and also eg equals eg prime. So this, obviously, equivalence relation on our reductive group, and the equivalence classes are called strata. And, Of course, you can do it in terms of travel, obviously. Yeah. Yeah, okay, yeah. So it's, yes, and then it's the kind of travel. Yes, but I have to quote some things which are proven in our homologies also, but. So, and it's clear that the strata, each strata is a union of conjugacy classes of fixed dimension because of this condition and because of this result of Spartans time. So strata, each stratum is a union of conjugacy classes of fixed dimension which is given by that formula. So now, actually, this definition is not yet clear that there are finally many strata. So for this, you have to use some properties. So one property is that w is one group but it's well known that it acts naturally on the homology groups of flag manifold because this can be replaced by g-mode t and then on g-mode t, there's a value of action. And there's a claim is that the subspace of the homology group is always w-stable, e of g. So this statement can be deduced. So you can, to prove this, you can assume that g is unipotent and that's an easy reduction. And in unipotent case, this follows from Resato Springer, 1976, assuming p equals zero or p large or myself in 1984 for NEP. So in unipotent case, you have to, and actually at this point, a result of Gabber or Enter in a group of those things. So this w-stable and more than that, in fact, e-g is irreducible as a w-model. And also, e-g appears with multiplicity one in the homology of this plug manifold in the valve representation. And it doesn't appear any lower one. So all these are proved here and here. Of course, it tends to appear higher. What? It tends to appear higher, you know what I'm saying? Higher, yes. Because you get regular representation. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Yes, but not lower. But what you can deduce from this is that this pair of d-g and e-g can be reconstructed from the isomorphism class of this valve representation. So if you have a valve representation asomorphism class, then this d-g is uniquely determined because it's a first degree in which the valve representation occurs. And this subspace also uniquely determined because it's only subspace which carries that representation. So you can view this strata. You can say that you're indexed by a certain set of valve representations. By the way, concerning valve group representations, is it true that they are all defined? Is there some general rationality that they are all over Q? Yeah, they all define the over Q. Valve representation are all defined over Q, yes. There's no news. So strata are in one-to-one correspondence with a certain subset, which I call is a subset of, take all your insertion of valve group, and then it's a subset of this, which are all repetition, which appear in this way. And they are in projection, so strata. So strata are indexed by this subset. So from this description it's clear that they are finite lemony strata. Okay, now we want to give a second, so anyway, these analogous to this and this definition. So now we want to give a second definition, analogous to this and this. So we denote by this symbol all conjugastic class in the valve group. And if you have any conjugastic class in the valve group, you can consider all elements of minimum length. So all W, such that W equals minimum possible. So length achieve minimum value on this conjugastic class. And then for W, in W, we can look at set all elements of the group, such that B and GB, G inverse, is in OW for some B, some Borelsa group. So this is a union of conjugastic classes. But then we also define, for any conjugastic class in valve group, we define G gamma to be G W. The W is element of minimum length. So here is the issue, you have to verify that this definition is correct. Because you have to check that this set is independent of the choice of an element of minimum length. And this one can be, so this definition is correct. You can deduce from the result of Gek and Pfeiffer. So follows from Gek and Pfeiffer. So Gek and Pfeiffer has shown that if you have a conjugastic class in valve group and take two elements of minimum length, then there is some kind of elementary operations which can transform one into the other. And using that is a very, very non-obvious result. But if you know that, then you can check that this set remains the same, independent of W. So this theorem was proved by Gek and Pfeiffer using computer actually, except for a group proved based by computer. But the user of computer was eliminated by her and Nie. So that's a conceptual proof. It's the same her as appeared in Williamson's talk. It's actually all of my students. It was formative. So anyway, so this thing is non-obvious set but it can be verified. Then we denote by delta gamma. So gamma is a conjugastic class in valve group. It's a minimum of dimension of C where C is any conjugastic class of G such that which is contained in G gamma. So this set is a union of conjugastic classes and take all those of minimum dimension. And the minimum dimension is denoted like this. And then you can also define G gamma in a box. Not some, I don't know, better notation. It's a union of all conjugastic classes of minimum dimension. So C contained in CLG, C contained in G gamma, and dimension of C equals delta gamma. Okay, so this, in this way. So this is a constructable set or? It's certainly a constructable set, yes. And then there's a following claim which is actually also not obvious at all. So claim is that if gamma and gamma prime are conjugastic classes in the valve group, then this set G gamma and G gamma prime are either equal or disjoint. And moreover, they cover the entire group. So in this way, you get another stratification, another way to divide the group into pieces, namely all the subsets of this form. And then also claim is that this strat, this differential stratum and this differential stratum is the same. Are they non-empty? Yes, these are all non-empty. Before you had only a subset of here, W. But now you have a quotient of this. So here is strata, so you can see the following. This is strata of G, and then there's a irreducible of W which is a subset of this. And then there's also a bijection with conjugastic class in valve group, but now it's modular, some equivalence relation. And in particular, there's a natural map from conjugastic class in the valve group to irreducible representation of the valve group, whose image is index, will index set of strata. And in a case of type A, this map is a bijection. All other types is not a bijection. And you claim that this is independent of the characteristics? Oh, that's the next claim, yes. Oh, by the way, I should say that the proof of this statement is actually, it is for classical groups. So it's case by case, so classical groups you can check, but in exceptional groups, it relies on use of computer. And in fact, at this point, you have to use representation theory of groups of finite fields. So you have to use everything that is known, the repetition of finite field. So it's not an easy result in some sense, but it's true. So now the, and from this point of view, this regular set appears as G gamma in a box where gamma is the conjugastic class of a coaxial element. And the central part of a group is G gamma in box per gamma's unit element. Okay, so now I want to give another description of this index set, which is, which will make clear that it is independent of characteristic. So the index set of the set of strata. So support G, U is all set of unipotent, well, maybe U, C, L, G, they're all unipotent, set of all unipotent conjugastic classes. So this set is known to be finite, but so actually finite fields are proved by, P equals zero is morose of Jacobson and Maltsev. And actually, if I get this Maltsev, it's something not known. I think some people completely ignore that. So I think it's always attributed to somebody else, to Dinkin or other people, but I check this Maltsev. So this was 1942, 1951, 1944. And then for P, different for P greater than five, Richardson, and then for any P is, my paper, 1960, 1976, which was actually written at IHES. So that's, we have to use this thing. And then the, well, the classification, I will not, so this all the result were classification, which are more precise than finiteness, but I will not give references to that. But what is important is that this set of unipotent classes of G, of course, you can attach to them some, well, you can restrict this map. You can attach them some irreducible version of our group. So there's a map to this subset, which I defined before. So this is a restriction of the map before. But this will be injective, that's also injective. And the fact that it's injective, it also follows from the springer for P0 and P large and for my paper for any P. And then it has an image, which does depend on characteristic. So it's irreducible, so I call irreducible val group index P. So image is this, it depends on characteristic. And now the claim is the following that, so the following claim is irreducible application of the val group with this underlined. So that's the index set for our strata is actually the union of these things. Maybe put here a P prime over all prime numbers, or all prime numbers. So in this description, you see that this set is independent of the characteristic because this side hasn't, here you have all prime numbers. So it's in a path characteristic, so index. And there's another way to look at this, namely, it's also true that if take interpretations of val group in classic zero, it's also contained in this one for any P. And this means that the unipotent conjugastic classes in a group G over complex numbers can be viewed as a subset of the unipotent conjugastic class G over F, so maybe it's P prime here, P prime. So if you have one algebraic closed field of classic P, it always contains as a subset unipotent classes, classic P contains as a subset, and classic zero. And so there is a distinguished way to specialize. Yeah, well, is this because using, because this is in projection with this and this in projection with this, and this is a subset. Obviously, the reason, but is it the case that when you have a group, let's say, over Q, by the way, the classes are parameterized by some covariance as well, they're all defined over Q, I suppose, the unipotent. When you have a split form group, the classes in G, C are defined over the rationales. Yes. Okay, so you suppose you have such a class, you take the, the schematically. That's probably true, but I don't think it has been, I don't think this has been, this most likely is true what you're saying, but the way I know it is by the way. But you don't say that you take the schematically? No, no, no, no. No, no, no, I don't think it could be the case. It could be the case, yes. It was like, but okay, and then you can form the following set, CL of G underlined. You take union of all unipotent conjugacy classes over all for P prime, any prime number. But these sets are not viewed as disjoint. We identify in each, or each P prime, this set is only considered once. So you can do that. So you have this unipotent conjugacy classes in prime two and prime three and five, et cetera. Each of them contains a subset which are these things in classic zero. So this is classic zero. It's always a subset of this. And then you take the union of all those things, but in which this part and this part and this part are identified with each other. So this is the definition of class re-underlined? Yes. Is it joint union? Okay, the union is a whole device. Yes, yes. And actually this is same as this set here. So these two are in bijection. Is the union of, I know when you say that in this union the intersection for different prime numbers are exactly the same. Exactly, exactly thing which come from complex numbers, yes. Yes. And so this set can be also viewed as indexed for the strata. But in fact, in fact there's very little happens here. So for example, in characteristic, if you have classic, some classical group, then this thing for prime two differs from zero, but all the other primes are the same as for classic zero. So this set in this case, in classical group is just you report in classes in characteristic two. In classical but not GL or SR. In GL, everything is classic zero. In classical group is obviously classic two. But if you take E8, then for two and three you have some different, some, this set is not the same. So in E8, this set has 74 elements and these are 71 elements. These are 70 elements and these are 70 elements for all other primes, 70. And if you take the union, you get 75 elements. So 75 elements of each 70 come classic zero and four exist only classic two and one exist only classic three. And for other groups? No, in other groups you can never have two different primes. So either two or three? Yeah, in G2 you can have three and for all other groups you have only two at most. E6 is not union, E7 is two, F4 is only two. So and then you can say the following thing that the following claim. So I said strata or index by something in a point of P but any stratum contains at most one unimportant class and any stratum actually contains, does contain some unimportant class in some characteristic. If you take the stratum and you move it to some, you take the corresponding stratum in some different characteristics, then it will have a unimportant class. Exactly one, some characteristic. Okay, so now I should say that the fact that this, these two sets are the same. It's proof case by case. I think it's a miracle. I don't understand why it is true, but you can check. And also for the dimension and intersection. Yes, yes. You just closed the classification. Yes, yes. Now maybe I have to make some remark, something when I was at IHS the first time, I talked with Glotendieg actually and I thought I proved something using many verification of many cases. And I thought that's not good. But Glotendieg said, oh, that's excellent. That's how the deeper results should be proved like that. With the, so he thought that that was positive actually. So I always remember that Oh, so now there's a second, another miraculous fact. So, so this, the property I said in terms of the elusive repetition of the bar group. So, so if you take the, your group G, it also has a Lagrange's dual. Lagrange's dual has the same bar group as G. And the claim is that this, this set of elusive repetition of bar group is exactly the same. So, so the same, the same for G and, so, so this strata are extremely stable things. They're not only in a plant of characteristic, they also the same for a group and for a dual. What? The static index, the union of the guy, something. Yeah, but this, this set is also, it's also the same for the two. This is, but because of this, since this is, so these bargex are this. But the individual subsets to the P in them. What? The RwP, are they also independent? The RwP is also the same for G and G dual. This WP? The RwP, the union of the guy is characteristic P. Oh, no, no, no. Not the same. No. And is the map from the conjugastic classes to the elusive representations, is it also independent of the guy? Yes, independent, yes. Characteristic and also independent of passing to dual. What is the map for union? The map from conjugastic classes of bar group. So, this map here is independent of P and it's also independent of passing to dual. So, actually one consequence of this is suppose you look at a symplectic group, SP2N over C, and also SO2N plus one over C. And for each of these groups, you make a list of all dimensions of all conjugastic classes. Just write a list of possible dimensions. Then those two lists are identical. So, it's not obvious, I think. So, list of dimensions. So, is the conjugastic classes... Yes, so the particular list of dimensions is independent of the characteristic by the stuff you mentioned before. But why does it follow that the dimensions are the same for G and the dual, because you can recognize, suppose you know that... Yeah. Does it follow from what you said, or just from the... Because for a given irreducible of W, you have to know the first date for which it appears next to date. But yeah, but they're not the same for one group and for a dual, yes. That's obvious, that's the same. Yeah, because it's a... Yes. LAUGHTER Well, it's a... This is a conmodia flag for some coin variant of some war group. So, the... Conmodia rings are... Yeah. Conmodia rings are... Okay, so now I want to... Oh, yes, actually one strange consequence is that the unipotent classes in casting zero... Well, suppose the group is complex numbers, unipotent classes in casting zero, they index some subset of the strata, the old strata which contains some unipotent class. But if you take unipotent class of the dual group, they also can be seen in terms of the original group, because they appear as some strata, they're not strata which contain the unipotent class, some other strata. But unipotent class of dual group are seen in the original group. Some other set of strata. So now I'll give some example in some low rank to see how this stratification looks like. By the way, this stratification, where the world stratification is different... No, not that... Different meaning, but here it's locally closed. What kind of strata are they are? Yeah, so first of all, I think there was some person who proved that they're locally closed, not me, I think it was Karnovali or Jovana Karnovali. You saw that at least in good characteristics, but I think the proof is also true. So strata are locally closed. That's one statement. But a closure of a stratum is not a union of strata. So it's not as good as that. Are they smooth? No, no, no. You've already been GLN or smooth. No, no, sorry, GLN or smooth, but closure is not a union of... And in other types are not smooth. So there is a big stratum, which is the regular one. And this is the case that you can have a natural... In some cases, the stratification is... That is a frontier condition, but still you have a decreasing chain of closed subsets of the differences of the strata. Is that the case here? Like you take the union of strata of dimension, if most something is closed? I think so, yes, yes, yes. This must have been part of this. Yes, part of that. So maybe I'll give an example, some low rank. So GL2, I think is GL2. In this case, there are two strata. So G central and G regular. G is GL3, they are three strata, which is again this one, this one, and everything else. So these are all classes of dimension, dimension zero and six, and dimension four. And if it's simply the group, then it's a little bit more complicated. In this case, there are five strata. So one is all classes of dimension eight. That's a regular set. Then all classes of dimension six. And then dimension four, there are actually two conjugacy classes, which have dimension four. Each one forms a stratum by itself. One class of dimension four. And there's another class of dimension four. And then they're all classes of dimension zero. So these are the five strata. And these four strata, each one, contains a unipotent element over complex numbers. Now I should say, in Cartesian, different from two. If p is different from two, then this unipotent class and this semi-simple class. But if p equals two, then both this and this are unipotent classes. So what happens in classic two, there is an additional unipotent class, which doesn't exist in classic zero. And it forms a stratum. And as I mentioned, the conjugacy classes of the unipotent class of a dual group can be viewed as part of the set of strata. And they are in fact this one, this one, this one, and this one. So what in classic zero? Yes. Different from two. Yes. So that's how you see the unipotent class of a dual group inside the. In characteristic two, the dual group is respect. Yes, and for E8, maybe I just said E8. They are 75 strata. And so 70 contain unipotent class in classic zero. And four of them contain unipotent class only in characteristic two. And one contains unipotent class only in characteristic three. And in characteristic two, sorry, over complex numbers, there's one stratum which has dimension 120, which is union of two conjugacy classes. One is unipotent on a semi-simple. So that can also happen. OK, so I think that's it. Any questions? Limos, a question. GLN is 3220, the same as just the dimension of Jordan? No. Because you kind of, no. Because total number of strata should be number of partitions. And the dimensions, there are too few possible dimensions. Can you say explicitly what it is? Yes, but I think I'll get it wrong if I say it right. But it's written in my paper, so. But I should say for classic zero, for GLN, this composition has been known before. It was, at least in the Lie algebra case, there's a thesis of Dale Peterson, which was at Harvard a long time ago. So he defined the composition of GLN or Lie algebra level into pieces according to partitions. That makes sense for the groups. And it is the same as this one. And it is also the same as there's a notion of sheets. The sheets for any group or any Lie algebra. The sheets form unions of conjugacy classes of fixed dimension, but they are irreducible, but they are not disjoint. So in that sense, they are not so nice. They're not disjoint. Sheets are not disjoint. Can I have two sheets, which intersect? Each sheet is a union of conjugacy. No, no. Each is union of conjugacy of fixed dimension, and they are irreducible. Each is irreducible, but they are not disjoint. What's the relation to your? Well, in GLN, they are exactly the sheets. And other types, each of my things is a union of sheets, but it's not exactly a sheet. The finite union of sheets. Finite union, yes. What's that in singularity? Can you expect something like the finite group singularity? Yeah, I don't know. I don't know. To know GLN, they are non-singular. I think it's known that in other types it's not. But I don't know exactly. GLN, they are non-singular. All the, all those. Yes. We can find this picture again.


And this is the exciting time each year where we look at what's happening in China and its relations with the rest of the world, bringing together colleagues from China, from around Australia, from around the world who share our interests. Every year is an interesting and important year in China's economic development, and we're certainly meeting now at an interesting time. The last year has confirmed a big tendency, and we noted in the conference two years ago, that the global financial crisis has left the legacy of sluggish economic growth, probably a new trajectory of low growth in the old industrial countries without inhibiting the rest of our management in the redeveloping countries led by China. And that's leading to an acceleration of trends we've been observing for some time, rapid growth in China's relative importance, certainly globally, in our own political system. And big changes like that made big thoughts to understand them, to work out their implications, including for Australian policy. And I think many of us share a concern that Australian thinking hasn't quite caught up with the implications for our policy of historic development in China. But there's part of the background of our discussion today. I'm very glad that you're all here to share that with us. And to get things going, I'd like to introduce the last Chancellor of the Australian National University, Daniel. Thank you very much for that introduction. So Roddington, colleagues, friends, good morning, and on behalf of the Australian National University, I'd like to welcome you here to the 2011 China Update. The annual China Update conference hosted by the Rio Tinto ANU-China partnership and supported by OSA is a cornerstone event that showcases our expertise and our impact, I think, on the British and the Empire of the World. We're proud that we have one of the strongest concentrations of expertise on China anywhere in the world outside of China, naturally. China is critically important to this university department. And I'll give you a couple of examples of that. 25% of our international students come from China. ANU is the host of the Australian China and the World Centre. And China ranks fifth behind US, UK, France, and Germany for co-publications with ANU researchers. And I think if you watch those statistics, I think you'll see it rapidly move up that list over the next ten years. The Year of China Intensive Language Programme from the Regional Students is an important part of the ANU-AEA space program and I think demonstrates very much our commitment to immersion as an important element of both language and cultural studies. For many Australian universities, China engagement tends to stop at international student recruitment. That's certainly not the case at ANU. Our interactions are much deeper and multifaceted. In the past 12 months, we've hosted visits from numerous Chinese officials from a destination of your life. China's Vice President, the Minister for Science and Technology, the Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Vice Minister of Ministry of Education, the Vice Chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission, as well as numerous senior officials from governments, universities and groups such as the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These activities help to make the connections that enable the exchange of research and ideas. The Australian China Climate Change Forum that ANU hosted earlier this year is another example of university engaging and spreading the expertise in one of the most challenging public policy debates facing the world today. The theme of this year's update is significant. Accommodating China's rise in a way that ensures future global economic and political stability and prosperity is one of the most important and challenging tasks facing the world community. Analyzing and debating the issues surrounding the development of China will be useful not only for academic research but also for policy and strategic discussions. The rapid development of China presents challenges and opportunities for ANU and indeed for the universities in Australia more broadly, the university sector in Australia more broadly. Research, knowledge, transfer and expert input into public policy can help to address the increased range of economic, social and environmental challenges not just in China but globally. I hope that your productive and fruitful day-to-day in discussing these important issues, and I in particular look forward to welcoming Michael Wayne Swan, Deputy Prime Minister and treasurer to address the audience later today. Now, the item that I'm really up here for, our keynote address this year is to be given by Sir Ray Eddington. Sir Ray is just currently non-executive Chairman of Australia, New Zealand and Great New Morgan and Chairman of Infrastructure Australia. Educated as an engineer, an excellent background by my dad, at the University of Western Australia and then at Oxford University, WAs of 1974 Road Scholar. Sir Ray's career began in transport and aviation and he went on to become CEO of Cape A Pacific and said airlines and British Airways before returning to Australia in 2005. So I think you can see he has a very strong link and flow to industry and indeed to Asia. In that same year, 2005, Sir Ray was awarded by the British Government the services to civil aviation. He's riskically retired as a Director of Rio Tinto but still maintains non-executive directives with News Corporation, Lion, China Light and Power Holdings and the John Squire and Sam's Group. Sir Ray also serves as President of the Australia-Japan Business Cooperation Committee and Chairman of the Victorian Major Events Company. Thank you gentlemen. Without further ado, I'd like to welcome Sir Ray and him to give today's keynote address. Thanks Vice-Chancellor for that very warm introduction. As I always say, introduction that my father would have enjoyed and my mother would have believed. It's my pleasure particularly to be here at the ADU because this is an institution which more than any other in our country has fostered a deeper understanding between our country and our PAs. Clearly China is a very important piece of that but this university has done a lot over the years to help us develop a deep understanding of Asia. My own time in Asia as the Vice-Chancellor said included nearly 18 years working for the Squire Group in Cathay Pacific. During that time, most of it in Hong Kong but some of it in Korea and Japan as well. I had the opportunity to be part of it as it were of the Asian story first-hand. I've said before that when I went to Asia I think I would fit in two small steel trunks. When I returned to Australia in 97 I had a wonderful wife and career, two children and everything I owned wouldn't fit in a 40-foot container. That's a story for another day. This particular workshop really is an opportunity to explore the links between Australia and China. When I returned to Australia from Hong Kong in 1997 I was struck, and I remember saying to Professor Garno who was then here at the ANU, that my sense was that Australia's relationship with Asia was in some sense in Schizophrenia School that we were at the heart of Asia economically because our major trading partners were in Asia and that is even more so through the day where our three major trading partners China, Japan and Korea it ishting in our three of the dozen or so major global economies are all part of Asia. So we were, as an economy of Australia, was at the heart of Asia. But geographically we are at the edge of Asia. As it were, we are at 10 or 11 hours south by airplane from Beijing and culturally we are still halfway between London and Sydney. So Australia itself is on a journey and one of the things that has struck me about coming back to our country again after some time in the UK is that in some ways things haven't moved on very much since then. The one thing that has changed is that our economy is even more imagine in the North Asian economies. And now of course China is preeminence in that for several decades Japan was our major trading partner. China was not only our major trading partner two way trade terms but also our biggest export market. So understanding China, not only understanding its journey but participating as we will in its future I think is an exciting opportunity for our country. But it does represent a change in another way which is this that I grew up in in Australia that had its roots in European second in many ways. And for most of the last 200 years plus since European second our major trading partners in fact have been the United Kingdom and America more recently in the second half of the 20th century Japan and now China. And of course we understood with our shared histories of work much more about Europe and about North America than we have about Asia. So it's doubly important that institutions like the ANU and days like this give us a chance to strengthen our understanding of Asia and Alex. China that's interesting. You could not pick up a magazine or turn on a television today without a discussion about China being a key part of the day. Whether it's discussion around the Chinese economy the extraordinary progress it has made and the challenges it faces all the opportunities that countries like Australia is key trading partners face. Whether it's discussions around China's politics and who in the fifth generation will succeed in current leadership and what that means more for their relationship with Australia but for both politics. Whether it's a discussion around the most recent five-year plan the fourth five-year plan that was recently released people who wouldn't have even known that the Chinese had a five-year plan in the past now are recognised as important to read and to understand it because it makes a very important point about what the senior Chinese leaders describe as successful. China is in many ways a much more open place than the place I visited in the late 1970s when I first lived in Hong Kong. And nowhere is that more obvious than the economy. Getting to China in the 70s was a challenge. Now there are many non-stop flights from all the key gateways here in Australia to the key gateways in China. Going not just to the major cities like Koizhe and Shanghai and Guangzhou but also to other important cities in the country looking at the investment in infrastructure and in education and in entrepreneurship. I think just opens our eyes as Australians to the opportunities that exist in that country. One of the things I think that we will reflect on and I think Australia is in an extremely good position here to contribute to the debate and to support this journey is that for many years in my business life the major economy in Asia was Japan and as the Vice Chancellor said I lived in Japan for four years and it's still a country like China which is close to my heart. And 18 months ago for the first time China replaced Japan as Australia's major trading market. Now the business world in me is actually quite comfortable with the world in which instead of having all our trading eggs in one basket be it Japan or China or Korea we have opportunities in all three major economies and the major Australian companies like Rio Tinto that trade with China also have major trading relationships with Japan and Korea and that's a good thing. It means we have three major opportunities in North Asia rather than just one and that's not to forget for a moment important countries with whom we in Australia have key links like India, Indonesia and the other Southeast Asia countries but it's a good thing that we have a number of key trading relationships and one of the things I think that we are increasingly conscious of is that in particular Japan which is now the third biggest economy in the world behind China and the United States of America and when I lived in Japan again the Japan relationship was very focused on the United States of America America was the major strategic partner and it was also Japan's major trading partner and of course it was Japan's major market as well and today Japan itself finds China as its major trading partner so our two major trading partners in Japan and China have as one another a very important strategic interest going forward and given the shared history of those two countries that does present itself with some challenges but I believe it also presents us in Australia with some great opportunities I look at the China story in many ways with awe I look at the way in which the economy has transformed itself since Deng Xiaoping's open door policy in the late 1970s and what it meant for that country and what strikes me about China's transition through that period as an economy is firstly that it has been in many ways so smooth if you look at the development of the US economy over a century it was a century that included a civil war, a great depression and involvement in two major global conflicts World War I and World War II China's transition in economic terms has been very smooth it's not that there haven't been bumps but they've been well to be mine and so I think as we look forward to the development of the Chinese economy of the country we should expect that these things never occur in a straight line I'm a China poor, a China optimist and as I said I'm struck by how extraordinarily smooth in so many ways that transition has been over the 14, 30, 40 years it's taken place we should not be one way of being surprised about that China was the dominant global power after all for probably 20 of the previous 30 centuries albeit that for much of that time it was inward-looking this transition has been a rightful one of my concerns if that's not too strong a word about the relationship between us and Asia and China in particular is the extent to which our business community has yet to fully engage in what I would regard as an appropriate way what do I mean by that well my generation invariably went to work in Europe if they went anywhere outside of Australia after they finished at university very few of us went to Asia and in a sense I went to Asia myself via the UK so to that extent I suppose I follow the traditional path but many of my generation have not worked in Asia they may have done business with Asian companies but they haven't worked in it and I would hope that the next generation and the generation of students who are here today at this great university will take the opportunity not only to to study the languages of the countries in particular China but also to work there because Australian businesses need men and women who understand the language and the culture and have actually spent some time on the ground now there are many more of those today than there were but one of the things of concern is for example the study of Asian languages in our country here in Australia has stored that it hasn't progressed in the way in which it might now I grew up in Perth and Western Australia and I studied at the school and when you live in Perth they're both dead languages but it seems to me that that today's young people while recognising the importance of our European heritage and the desire also to learn something of the European language must also take the opportunity, languages is their gift to study not only the Chinese history and culture but also the language itself and we are seeing some of that my concern is that it's too slow and there are a number of implications for that the first is that as the Australian Asian economic integration continues at pace and it will continue at pace not just because our major trading partners are in North Asia but also our country has been traditionally rich and capital poor and therefore we need in with investment to help us do the things that we can do in this great country and historically that investment has come from Europe and the UK in particular in North America but increasingly it's investment from Japan and now China and that's that investment looks to come to Australia to help us take the economic opportunities it naturally arouses debate and the most recent opportunities for Chinese investment into our country the debate is sometimes being tensioned with their focus and for me the best way to resist that if there are more and more people in our country who understand Asia and if there are more business men and business women who can add their voices to the debate because be clear capital we need whether it's to grow our own infrastructure or to take advantage of our own opportunities not just in the resource space but also in areas like manufacturing and agriculture and North Asian investment Chinese investment in particular is a critical part of this and it needs champions here in our country as well as people in Europe who wish to take the advantages of investing in Australia so one of my pleas to the business community is to take advantage of Asian opportunities but in order to do that intelligently then we need to know much more about our Asian neighbours and to be comfortable in their presence as the Vice Chancellor said I studied engineering many years ago at the University of Western Australia I was struck then by the number of Asian students who were studied at University in Australia a number of them in those days on something called the Colombo Planters many of these students went back from South East Asia from Indonesia from Malaysia from Singapore from Hong Kong and today when I go back to South East Asia I'm able to meet a number of them now in very senior leadership positions in the business and I'm constantly reminded by the value that Australia has received from as it were being part investors in the education of those men and women they became the vast majority of cases fans of our country they understood our country and they were important reached between their own countries and so one of the things for me is refreshing about the University canvases in Australia today not just here at the ANU where the best work is done in the Asia links but also around other canvases I'm struck by the number of young Asian men and women who are studying at our canvases and I recognise that just like those who were here in the 60s on the Colombo Planters many of them will return to their countries and will be lifelong supporters and the opportunity to build bridges to the 23rd so in a sense education as it so often is is the great opportunity it's an economic opportunity for our country, it's now the third biggest export earner for Australia behind coal and iron ore but it's also a great bridge of culture and a great driver of key strong long lasting economic opportunities and links that survive so in supporting this conference I'm conscious that I'm also supporting the links between Australia and our Asian neighbours in particular China and I look forward to seeing the links between Australia and China continue to grow in a vital role you will all play in building those bridges now and into the future thank you very much I'd like to ask you a question from your perspective on the Australia-China and their relationship Sir Rod, I greatly appreciate what you have to say about Japan and China but if you consider China Australia's 900 pound gorilla with an arm around our shoulders what is the future for Australia India and Australia Indonesia both of whom are rapidly emerging economically as you refer to China thank you it's a clearly a very important issue and two countries are different in this way there are 240 million Indonesia I was in Jakarta a month ago with a joint infrastructure mission looking at infrastructure opportunities in Indonesia there are 240 million Indonesians and in the vast majority of cases we fly right over the top of Indonesia on our way to Beijing, Seoul, Hong Kong and Tokyo so and the Indonesian economy is closing $1 trillion so it's a bit smaller than the Australian economy but it's growing by a certain 7% a year the predictions for the next two years are that the economy will grow at about 7% so it's a very important part and as we've discovered in the debate on capital exports like capital exports in Indonesia it's an important trading partner and increasingly a strategic partner and again, Australia has been slow I think to really engage intelligently and again through the glum boat plane we have some good friends in Indonesia who have been here for education so the Indonesian story is an important one for me this is that the debate about Indonesia is similar to the debate about China and Japan it's China and Japan and if my wife was here she would remind me to say in Korea as well because South Korea in particular is an important business in China so Indonesia matters 10 tonnes our population I have lost their rapidly growing economy and increasingly strong economy India is also a rapidly growing power both in economic terms it's an important country in terms of its strategic job I think it's now Australia's fifth biggest trading partner for me like many of you I spend time in India as well as in China and North Asia and the Indian the Indian story has been mixed someone once said to me that the reason why India has been so slow to evolve and so bureaucratic is that when the British left in 1947 one of them said we'll be back soon don't touch anything and we Indians believe it but and of course after the Second World War and after partition in 1947 when India finally got its independence from Britain its closest strategic partner was the Soviet Union to the economic model of India and Russia today India a billion people a rapidly growing economy quite different from China in many ways in that where is the Chinese have invested very heavily in infrastructure it's taken Indians a long time to begin that journey so one of the things about India for me is that without really good infrastructure actually it's important your international gateways very good to get very difficult to get manufactured goods to the ports and often go to markets and India is only really just beginning to face up to that whereas China began that journey many years ago so India in a sense has almost skipped the industrial revolution and then straight into the information and in my days at British Airways many of British Airways best software engineers were based in India they were British Airways employees living in places like Delhi and Mumbai and if you had a problem an IT problem you would simply shut it down the line the closest player in the UK to India and the Indian team that they got in the next morning as India was 4 or 5 hours ahead of the UK would have the problem solved and on the desk by the time you got into the office at 8 so India is a major player in the global services industry particularly in those sorts of spaces but at Gail I think for Australia it's not about China or India it's about China and India and if we know little about China as a country certainly not nearly enough and I'm always conscious when I'm in this group and I'm having known Ross Gano for many years and his understanding and passion for the China relationship in particular this group is different in the sense of understanding the bilateral understanding how important it is but many in Australia are just beginning to understand the Chinese well India is further behind most Australians have never gone to India and that is a challenge for us and again when you walk onto university campuses increasing you'll see lively Indian faces as the other women study there just like China and India is reaching out to us it's important where it's up to them others I think that will be all for us thanks for having me


dedicated to the strength of the nation. Flee, we hail. A miracle of San Juan Capistrano, United States Army and United States Air Force presentation. And now, here is your host, the well-known Hollywood showman, C.P. McGregor. Much and greetings from Hollywood, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to your Theatre of Stars. We're all those famous names of stage and screen. Join us in plays we know you'll enjoy. Our star is the lovely actress, Mary Anderson, and the title of our drama, The Miracle of San Juan Capistrano. We'll have the curtain for act one in just a moment, but first, here is your announcer with a message of importance. Valuable professional assignments in the Army Medical Department are now available to a limited number of young doctors. In these positions, doctors have a chance to work closely with top specialists in the various fields of medicine and keep abreast of the newest developments and the finest modern medical equipment. In addition to regular pay and allowances, they receive $100 per month professional pay for details right to the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, 25 D.C. And I'll back at the microphone your host, C.P. McGregor. The curtain rises on act one of The Miracle of San Juan Capistrano starring Mary Anderson as Jillian. On St. Joseph's Day for 169 years, so the Indians say, the Swallows have returned to San Juan Capistrano. March 19th is the day of The Miracle, and they come with the certainty of day that follows night, swift and true on their wings that cause mild whirlwinds in the effort of homing. Now in the wonderful garden of The Miracle, a boy and girl once walked, their hands entwined with the closeness of love like the creeper leaf entwines the scrub pine. Jillian? Happy? Awfully. When I was a kid, my mother read me stories of the garden of Eden, ferns and trees hanging with blossoms, friendly birds, the chosen of God. I wonder, Peter, if Eden wasn't Capistrano. I shouldn't wonder, Jill. All things come home to Capistrano. Have you seen them in the fields? The birds, I mean, when the Angelus rings. Perhaps I'm wrong, perhaps it's just imagination. Somehow even the crows bow their heads. You think I'm silly, Jill? Oh, no, Peter. Even the wheat bows toward the south. You think it's the wind or the bells of Capistrano? Well, don't you think? Well, perhaps the wind is from their swing. Jill, look. What? That old stone bench. Oh, there's an inscription. An old Spanish, isn't it? Yes. What is it, Peter? The language of Geronimo Boscana. It says, todos las cosas que vengan a Capistrano. What? All things come home to Capistrano. Oh. Jillian? Yes, Peter. In this garden, there are many homes. Oh. My heart is like this garden. But with only one home. And that's for you, my darling. Peter. Jillian, inside here in my heart, there's a mission with bells swinging wildly, choirs singing praises of... You know who? Peter, please. Good evening, my children. Good evening, father. Are the birds pecking holes in your boots? Pecking holes in our hearts, father. Such holes should be filled, my son. Oh, Peter. Padre, would you bless us? You'd like that, wouldn't you, Jill? Of course. Will you, father? Shall we go to the church? The candles are lit. And the altar is a... Come along. Oh, God, the eternal father. We ask thee in the name of thy son to bless these children. Give them thy smile. They are young, oh, father. And their pathways are devious. Watch them and protect them. Oh, God, one day, if needs be, return them home to Capistrano as ye returneth our beloved swallows. In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Fell softly over the shoulders of Southern California. The vineyards on the hill were heavy with purple grapes and still under the spell of the Padre's blessing, Peter spoke. I love you, Jillian. And I you, Peter. Will you marry me? Will you be my lady of the house, the mistress of my vineyards and my estates? Only no vineyards, no estates. But will you love me and be my wife? Oh, Peter. No. Why? You just said you loved me. Oh, try to understand, my darling.  But my mother, my mother was a lady once. From France, Peter. She had fine gowns and laces and jewels and she wore rings on her fingers and carmen on her lips. Well, darling, we can't look, Peter. At what? The dirt underneath my nails, from scrubbing in the grapevines, from digging muck to nurse the new ones. Oh, Peter. I love you very much. But I won't marry you. I want to see the world. I want to be as my mother once was. I want to go away. I want all that life has to give and I'm going to have it. Where? Chicago, New York, London, Paris, Cairo, Singapore. All the places in the world there are to find adventure. To be a lady. To be someone. Besides a farmer's daughter. Or a farmer's wife. Oh, Peter. Peter, please understand. I love you very much. But I can't marry you. I'm going away. And this is goodbye. Goodbye. The Padre said, all things come home to Capistrano. Jillian, I shall wait for the spring. The 19th of March. From the sunny climbs of Capistrano, Jillian sped eastward to the crowded boiling streets of New York. And then, in a shabby boarding house, Jillian found an open door. Albeit one of dubious quality. Yeah, I got a room. Second floor back. Eight dollars a week in advance. Have you got it? Oh, yes, ma'am. Here. It's five, six, seven, eight. You get your receipt in the morning and look here. No radios on after nine o'clock, see? Oh, no. And no boyfriends in the room, understand? Oh, yes, ma'am. Oh, and one thing more. Yes, ma'am. No drinking and cooking over the gas jet. Do you get it? Oh, yes, ma'am. Winter in New York is white and cold. Hope in New York is for lawn and seldom found. Each day to the agents of theatrical producers, Jillian sloshed her way. My name is Jillian Renato. The girl told me to come back today. Oh, I'm sorry. Miss, no casting. Mr. Shapiro said I could see in it one o'clock. Nothing a day. I'm very sorry. Oh, but this is the fourth time I've been here. And every time you say it. You'd better come back when you've had some more experience. I'm back again.  Oh, no. Yeah, he's producing a new show at the Humboldt. Be there at 10 o'clock shop and don't count your chickens until you've got some. And lads. The girls are here, Mr. Baron. I've got eyes in my head, ain't I? Yeah, but I was just trying to... Don't interrupt. Who do you think you are anyhow? Hey, well, I was just...   Wait a minute. Bring the new girls in. Let's see how they stack up. Yeah, okay, Mr. Abbey. I'm...  Mr. Baron wants to see your work, so on your toes. Okay, Harry. What is that?  Yeah, well, hold it, Harry. Now, you're with the animal. What's your name? You mean me? Who else? I put one and three quarters, and I'm just dragging 98 pounds. Could I do, Mr. Baron? For a bone factory, yeah. For a chorus line, you ain't even a good stage brace, scram. All right, Bert, come on, come on. Who's next? Okay, what's your name? I said, what's your name? Bert, maybe you can tell me what that coy clam's name is. Maybe she talks in sign language. Oh, well, that's Eva Levier. She's scared. She just got through doing six seasons with the Hollywood fantasies. Before that, she'd done four seasons in top villain with the Chicago follies. Stripper, huh? Take it away. Try the East Hudson or maybe Minsky's. This is a legit musical, not a peep show. Oh, Bert, what kind of casting you're doing? Ask for girls, ask for glamour, and you'll give me a lot of broken down four stringers. I ain't got no more time for flusies. Mr. Baron, please. I said I ain't got no more... What's your name? Jillian Ronaldo. Turn around. Like... Like this, sir? Where'd you come from? You ain't from New York. No, sir. I'm from California, sir. Sure, sure, sure. Hollywood, no doubt. Oh, no, sir. Capistrano. San Juan, Capistrano. Oh, one of those swallows that return, huh? Something like a burp. Oh, the swallow returns. Get it, everybody? Good game, huh? Okay, Bert, sign her on. She gets 50 a week and starts Monday. Oh, thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Baron. Save it, save it. Just be here on Monday and on time, or you'll be just another fledging on your way back to Capistrano. Ho, ho. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. We pause briefly from our story the miracle of San Juan Capistrano starring Mary Anderson to bring you an important message from our government. Young men and women, here is your opportunity for a career in the world's greatest aviation organization, the United States Air Force. The Air Force offers you training and advancement in any one of 42 broad career fields. Careers are open to high school graduates, in clerical administration, personnel work, and practically every other field found in any large business or aviation organization. After careful consideration of your preferences and your capabilities, the Air Force assigned you to a career field. You start right in with on-the-job training. Later, you may go to an Air Force technical school for training in your chosen career. You're on your way up, assignment to an interesting job, advanced training at specialist schools, increase in pay and advancement to jobs with greater responsibility, and lifetime security through a sound retirement plan. Remember, you find your choice of many careers in the Air Force. Get details today at your nearest Air Force base, or U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Recruiting Station. The curtain rises on act two of the miracle of San Juan Capistrano starring Mary Anderson as Gillian. New York, a place of heartbreak, of success, of failure, of much of nothing. In the boarding house on East 56th Street, an old-fashioned pull-bell makes dissonance with the chimes of Old Trinity Church. It's late for peddlers, and we don't want any. Oh, excuse me. Is this where Miss Renardo lives, Miss Gillian Renardo? Yeah, upstairs, fourth room to your right. Visitors ain't allowed after nine.  I'll go up. Okay, mister, just as you say, but don't forget what I said. No visitors after nine o'clock. These are the respectable house.  Ah, smart aleck. What'd you say? Nothing, nothing at all. Mr. Barron, I didn't know it was you. Naturally. Good evening, Miss Renardo. Good evening. I... I... Well, won't you come in? I... I... Thank you, Miss Renardo. Won't you sit down, please? I didn't expect this. Well, I mean to say, I... I guess I just look frightful. I... I've been trying to fix my hair in a little different way. I... I'm not having much success. That may be your opinion. It isn't mine. You look very nice, Miss Renardo. Uh, Jillian. It's very nice of you to say so. But I guess you're just being polite. Gus Barron, don't waste time on just being polite. I saw your address in the casting sheet and seen as how I... Well, I had some business in your neighborhood. I... thought I'd drop in and say hello. You're very kind. I am. A lot of people wouldn't agree with that. There isn't... There isn't anything wrong with that, Mr. Barron. My work at the theater is... Oh, it's great, eh? Nothing wrong with your work that a little more experience won't fix? Relieved? Yes. For a moment, I thought... Well, I thought that... You're on this, kids. I'll skip it. You're not. In fact, you're on your way up. Oh, thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Barron. I've been watching you from out front, Miss Renardo. Gillian? I've overheard what some of the customers have had to say about you, too. Oh? Would you like to know what they're saying? Well, I... Modest, huh? Oh, you're trying to kid. In show business, nobody ain't modest. Well, here's what they're saying. You're too good for the line. That's the way I figure it too, so seamless how the customer's always right. I'm gonna do something about it. Yes, Mr. Barron. You know that top spot in the second scene, second act next to the finale? Do you mean the one Vera Allison does? I mean the one Vera Allison did. She's not with us anymore. She isn't. Is she sick or something, Mr. Barron? Yeah, she's sick, all right.  Fired? Put it any way you want. A fired sack kicked out. It's all the same. Oh, I am sorry, Mr. Barron. Why should you be sorry? What's one person's poison is another person's meat.  Me? I ain't talking to Lillian Russon. Oh, but Mr. Barron, I couldn't. Why? Well, Miss Allison's act was a... Well... Well, I couldn't come on stage like she did, wearing just a... Oh, still modest, huh? No, no, it's not bad. It's just that... Well, I just couldn't. Listen, Miss Renardo, don't give me that line. I didn't give Allison the gate to have you give me that innocent, angelic act. When I want angels on my stage, I'll produce a passion play. But I couldn't, Mr. Barron. But you're going to. I've already broke the publicity. The marquee pictures are all finished and your puts and your name is on all of them. I'm sorry, Mr. Barron, but I can't do it. Why can't I just stay in the line like I want to? Because I'm running the show. You're either going on tomorrow night in Allison's spot or you're through with the theater. And when I say through with the theater, I mean through. Is that clear? Yes, Mr. Barron. I guess it is. Well, what's the answer? I guess I'm through with the theater, Mr. Barron. Now, if you don't mind, good night. I'm sorry, but you see, visitors aren't allowed after nine o'clock. Being in Central Park means the first rose buds. Spring in the 42nd precinct station of police headquarters is a meaningless word. There, as always, the seasons mean only the stench of humanity, the glare of lights against the show-up, and the voice of the law. Eva Smith, Alias E. Brown, Alias Yvette Jordan, Brunette Brown-Eyes, 5 foot 2 and 1 quarter mool on left cheek. Charge of vagrancy, 11th offense. Mary Gile, Alias Marj Giel, Alias Margaret Gwyn, Blonde, Braxile, Blue-Eyes, 5 foot 3 and 3 quarter charge, vagrancy, 9th offense. Step down. 90 days in bond. Gile and Renato, no alias, black hair, black eyes, 5 foot 2 and a half charge, vagrancy, petty larceny, 30 offense. Miss Renato, you were here just three weeks ago. At that time, I saw a fit to grant you the leniency of the court. Is it the proviso that you left New York and returned to your... your back? Yes, Your Honor. Have you anything to say to extenduate your willful disobedience of this order? Have... have you ever been hungry, Your Honor? 90 days, Miss Renato. That's all. A cubicle, 9 by 5, cement wall, steel bars, prison. This, you see, is the tombs, by the bridge of size beyond which New York scurries and runs and hurries and lives and dies, and is reborn. Gile and Renato, I have here the probation officer's report on your conduct. It's been good, Gileon. Thank you, sir. I'm going to release you, Gileon, once more, with the proviso that you leave the precincts of New York in 24 hours. Any further arrest and charges brought before this court will result in the maximum penalty of three years. You are not a bad girl, Gileon. I don't think any girl is bad, really. We just call it that for one of another answer. Gileon, I have a daughter. She's nine. Her name is Gay. In a few years, Gay could be very easily standing before this bench. And God forbid. You perhaps think I've been a bit harsh, but believe me, I've only been the law. Gileon, don't come back to this precinct. Don't force me to do what the law prescribes. The best of luck and God go with you. God go with me. Where is God? What is He? And is there a God? Oh, God. Whoever, whatever you are, help me to find out. Grand Central Station, and then the train rattling westward, the rhythm of wheels, the rolling hills of Nebraska, then Salt Lake City, and on to California, and a quiet bend of the great Pacific, mother of peace, where God's hand is touched San Juan Capistrano. This is the day of the miracle. This is the day of March 19th. You're crying. Yes, Father. I'm afraid my tears might stain the drapes of the rail. Such tears should become the stain of the world. Gileon, the tides always come in and the tides always go out, and the birds always leave, but the birds always return. Do you know me, Gileon? I know you as a man of God. But as a person, Gileon, look at my face. It is Peter, isn't it? It was, my dear. They call me Father Joaquin now. And you've done this. You've done all this since I left, since I went away, since I went away to become a lady. A great lady. Oh, Peter, Father. No, no, my dear. Don't let the bitterness of the past remain in the present.  You see, as I said a long time ago, all things come home to Capistrano. Come home as the birds. Oh, no, Father. Not as the birds. The birds return in peace and in purity. They come home with a song in their hearts. Take their song, Gileon. Sing it within your own heart. Let it be your hymn as well as theirs. If I only knew the notes. If I only knew the words. The notes are simple, Gileon. As simple as the words are profound. What are they? They are the notes of Tadeum. It is a song of homing, of repentance, of worship. Let your heart sing it for you. And the words? God moves in a wondrous way His miracles to perform. All things come home to San Juan Capistrano. It is the time of the miracle. The time of the miracle. Thank you. It falls in the final act of the miracle of San Juan Capistrano. Our star, Mary Anderson, will return for a curtain call after this timely message from Wendell Niles. College-trained young men, here is your opportunity to become an aviation executive. You receive the finest aviation training in the world from the United States Air Force if you can qualify and are selected for aviation cadet pilot or navigator training. To qualify, you must be single between the ages of 20 and 26 and 1 half and have at least two years of college. When you successfully complete one year of training, you win your wings in a reserve commission in the U.S. Air Force. Outstanding graduates receive regular commissions immediately. All others have excellent opportunities to earn regular commissions while on active duty. For complete details, visit your nearest Air Force base or U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force recruiting station right away. And remember, only the best can be aviation cadets. Now back at the microphone, C.P. McGregor and our star, Mary Anderson. Hello, Mary. It's been a long time since we had the pleasure of a visit from you. It's been over two years, C.P. It always seems longer when nice people like you are away. I thank you. And believe me, I'm glad to be back. Anyway, I know you were very busy in the East. I heard you a few times on radio and I saw you on television, and you were on the stage, weren't you? Yes, I was in three Broadway productions. I remember you so well, and guest in the house. Thank you, C.P. Still, it is time that you came back to motion pictures. Let's see, wasn't your last picture to each his own? Yes, that and the Whispering City. And now you have a brand new one that came out last month. It's a picture called The Whipped. Now tell our audience something about it. Well, The Whipped is a Howl E. Chester production, and the picture was released through United Artists. We have quite a cast in it, too, C.P. Van Der Ye, Herbert Marshall, Gayle Storm, Howard De Silva, Michael O'Shea... And Mary Anderson. Shall I say something about the picture? You certainly should. Well, it's a fast-moving romantic who done it and the one who's accused of murder. A beautiful girl like you? But I think that's all we'll tell them. Well, Mary, many, many thanks for joining us. It was grand of you. Oh, it was wonderful to be here. But tell me, C.P., who's going to be your star here next week? Next week, Mary and ladies and gentlemen, Tom Tully joins us to star in a heartwarming play titled The Voyage of the Scale Model Ship. It's a wonderful story of a very old man and a very young grandson who have imaginary journeys to the faraway places of the world in the scale model ship and find comradeship and a deeper philosophy of life. Oh, that sounds fine. I'll be listening. Goodbye, C.P. Goodbye, Mary. We shall join us next week, ladies and gentlemen, when Tom Tully stars in The Voyage of the Scale Model Ship. Until next week then, this is C.P. McGregor saying thanks for listening and cheerio from Hollywood. The courtesy of the Hollywood Coordinating Committee, which arranges for the appearance of all stars on this program. Script was by Kimball S. Sant with the music of Eddie Dunstaffer. This program was transcribed in Hollywood for release at this time. Wendell Niles speaking.