I'm your host, Maria Mera, and I'm also a financial advisor with Edward Jones. Today in Spain, Young and Hard, we're going to cover the main topic, how to stay physically healthy. And my guest is Derek Chan. He's a physical therapist at the South here in Honolulu. So welcome, Derek. Thank you for joining us. Hello. Thank you, Maria, for having me. Aloha. Let's go into it. What is physical therapy? What is physical therapy? So as a physical therapist, we help people move better so they can live a better life, really optimize their movements so they could achieve all the things that they want to do in their life, whether it's spending time with family or doing the activities that they once love, and doing it hopefully in a less painful manner. Okay. So what does, because I hear there is physical therapy, there is chiropractors, there is kinesiologist. What do you use being a physical therapist? Well, as a physical therapist, we typically prescribe exercise, but we can also use different modalities, different hands-on treatments, and so forth. So it sort of overlaps with a lot of other professions like massage therapists, chiropractor, athletic trainer, and so forth. Because we can use our hands to manipulate the soft tissue and the joints, and also facilitate certain type of movements that we want or inhibit as well. So when it comes to, I guess, thinking about, let's say chiropractic versus physical therapy, philosophy is different, but some of the treatments can be the same, such as joint manipulation, or soft tissue mobilization, massage, and so forth. And in terms of exercise physiologists, those require a different degree, but again, it overlaps because we do exercising, prescribing specific exercises for the specific problem that people may be having. So what is the difference? What education does a physical therapist need? Well, as a physical therapist in the U.S. anyways, you need a bachelor's degree first. Usually it takes an average of like four to five years for that. And it could be any sort of education, like any bachelor's degree, as long as you complete that with the required science courses required for physical therapy school. And a physical therapy school now is a three-year graduate degree. It's a doctor's degree. And after that, you can start practicing. So after high school, it's roughly about seven years. Compared to, let's say, athletic training, there are programs that are like, you know, bachelor's level and then there's master's level with chiropractic, to my knowledge, it's after a bachelor's then it's a four-year type of doctor's degree, right? So for a physical therapist, if you're working in Hawaii, can you also go and work in California or any other state in the U.S.? Yes, yes. So the great thing, you know, in the U.S., you know, in order to practice physical therapy, you attend a physical therapy education program. And then once you get the degree, you have to take a national board exam. After you take that national board exam, then you'll be qualified as a physical therapist to do practice. But in addition to that, depending on which state you want to practice in, you have to get a license for that specific state. So you just get the license depending on the state where you want to exercise your... So for me, and again, I come from Europe and there is something very well known and actually it's been very well known for in the last few years mostly, and it's called dry middling. And I live in California and it wasn't allowed. And now in Hawaii, I also found out that it's not allowed either. But it's funny because it was sort of like acupuncture, but it's like a really fast insertion of the needle in the muscle that is very constrained to just release it. It was very effective for me. Long story short, it was discovered in the US. So I wonder why some states allow to use it while some others don't allow any thoughts on that. No, that's a very good question. With dry kneeling, yes, it is using a needle, a particular size needle, and it's to penetrate the skin to aim for a tissue nodule, like a knot. So that's a philosophy with dry kneeling from a physical therapy standpoint. With acupuncture, they have different philosophies, different purposes. I don't know specifically how they practice, but it may involve a different type of philosophy like the meridians and the chi, I have no idea. But it has different philosophy basically. And it's different in different states because there's different state practice laws. In certain states like California and Hawaii, I guess there's a strong acupuncture community. And that's one of the communities that may sort of be hesitant to allow physical therapy. Yeah, right. When it comes to politics, people want to protect their own turf. Even though in Europe or in other states, they do physical therapists or physiotherapists, they do practice dry kneeling quite often. So unfortunately, it's just a state thing. What about other therapies that might not be, they might not be forbidden to use in the state, but they are not used like radiofrequency or UV or I don't know, agua therapy or something like that. It seems like there's differences in depending on where you practice physical therapy. In terms of using those type of modalities like the laser ultrasound and all those things, most of the time physical therapists can use those in every state. It's a matter of whether the therapist wants to use it and whether they use it effectively because in a lot of research, for example, like ultrasound, it doesn't really show hard research that it's going to work effectively versus just exercising in a particular way and loading and tending up. That will help more. So as a physical therapist, we have to practice evidence-based practice. So we got to make sure that we're giving you the treatment that's going to help. We're not just going to give you something that might feel good or just lather on something. Yeah, this is going to help. You mostly focus on the exercise, right? For me, it depends on the situation, but there's always going to be exercise involved. So how important is exercising in the life of a person? You know, it's actually very important. So important that exercise should be a daily habit in our lives. That way, we can move better, ultimately get stronger, and stay young at heart, right? So what exercise is good you recommend if you're saying we need to practice daily? And sometimes because we practice something daily, we get more injured or at least one lean proof of that. So what exercise is good that you could recommend to anyone and you could be in a safe that you know you're safe that you can do every day and you're good? Well, every day exercising that's safe for everyone. Just general walking is good. You know, I know the American Health Association recommends like five times a day at least like 30 minutes of moderate exercise. That's really good for the heart in general. Stretching is good for everyone because as you get older, we get stiffer. So we need to make sure we stay flexible. If not, it's going to limit our range of motion. And when we do certain motions, if we don't have that range of motion, then it's going to put stress elsewhere in our bodies. And it will eventually accumulate to more damage and strain in our bodies. So stretching, walking, that's good too. Yeah, yeah, I completely agree. I think walking is one of the best exercises that you can do. And people just don't underestimate it. What do you believe about applications like these phones that keep tracking you and telling you get up and fall for or they keep bound? Do you have any opinion on that?  And it depends on how you use it with certain phones or watches that give you like an option or feature to track yourself, especially when it comes to your well-being. It's pretty awesome because for example, there's on your watch or phone, it tracks on how many like you're walking your steps, right? So it can really show you like how active you are. A lot of times we don't know it, but we might be sitting for eight hours a day and that's very detrimental to our health. Just sitting a lot. So it's important to get moving to watch the step and increase the step count because that's the more active you are, the better you are. Yeah, yeah. And I'm very active and I've always been told to rest and but it is true what you're saying that sometimes is that get up and walk for one minute because one thing is that you might be exercising for two hours, but the other thing is that you might also be seated for two hours. So it's that that's probably not the healthiest thing to do. That's true. The more you move, the better your joints will become lubricated and then you'll maintain that flexibility. And you know, like they say, motion is lotion or it's... Okay, I never heard of that. I'll take it. So what about the other, the radical the other side of the spectrum? I heard this one physical therapist, actually, his name is Sergio Florian and he was running, I don't know if you heard, he was running the perimeter of Oahu. Oh, yes, I did. 35 miles. Did you hear that? Yes, I did. He did it in 24 hours. I am not convinced and I would love to hear what you have to say. Is that is that healthy to run 35 miles? So it's it's good to be trained for it. It's not a bad thing if you like run that much, right? Although research has shown that for the typical athletes, if they run like more than a certain amount of miles, like 20, 30 miles every week, and you keep doing that consistently until you get older, they do find that your joints do wear out a little faster compared to the average recreational runner, right? But then the person who's more sedentary actually has the most wear and tear on their type of joints is what they found. But is there a right balance? I know very few people who run every day who don't get injured. Right, yeah. So it's you will get, you have more chances of getting injured if you run more mileage, of course, but you don't necessarily need to do that. Just a healthy amount, you know, five, 10 miles every day. And as long as you train your body for it, then your body can handle it. So it's all about your training patterns. And are you able to, you know, train up to that tolerance? Okay, let's go to do, let's have a little break here. And I want to get a little bit of your idea when we come back about what influence did COVID-19 have in our, in our activity. But let's do a break and we'll be back with Derek in a minute. Welcome back. We continue our conversation with Derek Chan, physical therapist and staff. So we were mentioning right before the break, what happened during COVID-19 to our physical health? Oh, physical health. With COVID-19, it was definitely something unexpected. And as a physical therapist, I noticed a lot of patients have become less active, you know, or they are getting into these poor habits and postures because a lot of people started working from home. And at home, their setup is not necessarily, you know, ergonomically friendly, like if they were at work. So I've noticed a trend where patients have been getting more neck pain, back pain, maybe even shorter pain because of all the sitting and improper placements or their work desk at home. What were you seeing before COVID-19? Was it different type of injuries? Well, in the hospital, we always see a different varieties of injuries, you know, from shoulder replacement and just general back pain neck pain and all that. But the, it was for our patient population, it was more arthritic and this, you know, aging aches and pains and all that. But now it's just like younger people coming in and with aches and pains because of this inactivity or improper sitting or posture. Oh, and also less surgeries because we had to stop some of the elective surgeries too. What do you think about telehealth, right? It's not how you call it like for physical therapy. Physical therapy, it's awesome. Anything with telehealth nowadays, it's an opportunity to really get our services across the state, nation, even the world. And it's definitely going to be the future, especially with a lot of folks who may not be able to commute to the physical location. Maybe they live in a rural area, live very far from the city maybe. So it'll be very useful. Or even our everyday lives with working professionals, they might be very busy throughout their work week and they might not have time. They may just have like 15 minutes of just chatting on their phone. And that would be so useful for them, you know, in between like their appointments, they could easily just talk to someone on the phone, just tell the health like the provider and that would work great. Yeah, I mean 15 minutes every day at the end of the week is a lot of time. So what about prescription? Can you prescribe a patient or? With like medications, you mean? Yeah, yeah, as a physical therapist. No, as a physical therapist, no, we don't prescribe medications in the US anyways. I know in the UK, they started that practice. They are able to prescribe certain medications with additional certification. Yeah, also in Spain, at least they can prescribe some. Yeah, they're not like a doctor or like an orthopedic, like a sports medicine doctor. But yeah, there are some that you can prescribe as a physical therapist. Don't quote me here, but I've had physical therapists prescribing me. What about? And this is another topic that to me, I don't always see the benefit of it. But as I just wanted to ask you, what do you think about these steroid injections that seems like it's the go to for every injury nowadays? Oh, really? Yeah, that's it. It's unfortunate that some people will choose that as the first line of defense like and treatment because steroid injections are very useful to calm down inflammation, especially if the patient's tolerance is very low. And it's okay to use it in the beginning, but it shouldn't be dependent on it. I've had patients where they became so dependent on it. And of course, with steroid injection injections, you can only have a certain amount every year. But after they're done with that and pain keeps coming back, what are you going to do? Right? And if it's like a muscle or tendon problem, right, you have to train it, especially if it's appropriate for training. But I see a lot of patients never having physical therapy and first line of treatment was just steroid injection three four times a year. And then it actually degrades your tendon slightly. Yeah, yeah, the more the more that if you have used it, right? Yeah. Yeah. So that doesn't really help. And then it just makes your muscles weaker because it degrades your tendon. So do you do you have a lot of like, like fight fighting back or disagreements with doctors who you see that they are doing that for the patient because the patient can tolerate the pain. And is there any dialogue between the doctor and you guys just with this or with anything else? Like maybe Fortunately, for me, I've worked in hospital systems, like Kaiser and Straub right now, who are very who who have physicians who are very receptive to communication. So I've never had that issue. Because physicians know that, you know, it's important to have like a good communication among different disciplines in healthcare to really take care of the patients. So it's it's imperative to actually make sure that the patient knows there's a team behind him or her for the care. And it's just not one person making a decision. Do you do you think there is a physical literacy in Hawaii? Or do you think people know their bodies? I'm sorry, could you repeat that? I was making up this term of do you think there is a physical literacy like people know what a muscle is or what are the difference between a ligament and a tendon or do they do they know anatomy? Oh, right. Yeah. No, I think people don't really know their bodies and what muscle is or what the tendon is. In the beginning, I thought it was like, oh, it's common knowledge with it. But it's just because I'm in the field and I've studied it. Some people think that certain parts are the muscle or the tendon or even a ligament. So not enough people know it, even if you took PE in high school or middle school or whatever, it's it's not the same, especially when it comes to injuries. So yeah. So what would be your advice to people out there to get to know our bodies better? To get to know your bodies better, definitely number one, you should see your doctor for it, see a physical therapist to understand how your body's moving. When it comes to human movement relating to your everyday life, physical therapists are the ones who do the movement analysis and so forth. And yeah, number two is just number one, see a doctor number two, see a physical therapist. Number three is really move and be a little more physical so you can understand your body and you understand how it works. Not only if you're an athlete, but yes, as a regular person doing regular activities, you should at least look for a little bit of education, right? Oh, for sure. Yeah.  Can you see as patients, are there better patients for you as athletes better patients that or they are more impatient or do you think there is a difference as a physical therapist? Can you can you see some people reacting better than others? In terms of behavior, I think it's very individual. The individual can be patient or willing to learn and whatnot, but the main difference between athlete and between someone who does an exercise is their an athlete understands their body a little bit better so they can activate certain muscles in a better sequencing and it's easier for them just because they've moved so much, they understand how to move. Yeah. What about pain? I think athletes are more used to tolerate pain like if you're a runner, you're suffering and just run through the pain. Is that a good thing to ignore the pain and just keep pushing yourself? Yeah. No, like there's a certain amount that you should that you can push yourself off before they say, oh no pain, no gain. Yeah, that's true with when it comes to muscle development and when you're young, but once you're getting older, if you're putting too much strain on a certain joint or muscles, then you might even go into that injury zone, right? Yeah. It can even actually be worse for your body if you kind of keep pushing that way because then your body will become very sensitive to the pain and you're putting more strain to it.  I heard this sentence from a massage therapist in San Diego and I always, I kept it as a, there is such a thing as good pain and bad pain, right? Some of it, like if they are giving you a deep tissue massage that hurts but it's actually a good pain versus running and your knee hurts, that would be a bad pain. Yeah, yeah. So the description of pain is very important. So I communicate with my patients and making sure that it feels like a good type of pain per se. If it's a bad pain, like sharp numb and all that, that's not really good for it. Yeah. So why pain comes right away and then it takes so long to go, right? It seems like in one day you get injured and then it takes four months to finally get rid of it. Yeah, well, pain is not necessarily always a bad thing. In fact, it's just an alarm system in our bodies that lets us know, oh, something's not right and it's healthy. That means you're alive if you can feel pain because if you don't feel pain, then you might do dangerous activities like leaving your hand on a hot stove and it's just going to cause more pain, right? So it's an alarm system for us to protect us. Sometimes, depending on how much injury or how much damage is caused, then it may take more time to actually recover. Now sometimes when that is activated, right, that pain system, sometimes it sort of lingers a little longer. So this alarm system stays a little longer and it turns on and alerts you a lot more and that's how it starts to go into like a chronic pain pattern because then you think of it as like, oh, it's very sensitive and every time you do certain things, it's just going to immediately just spike and you're going to feel the pain. But that's why you have to understand how pain works because you have to understand that it will heal and the things that you do may seem sensitive, but small introduction back to the activity can help reintroduce that stimulus to your body and it will adjust it back depending on how long it has been and what activities that you do. And that's what I was going to ask you. When do we consider it a chronic illness versus an acute episode? Right. When healthcare providers use those terms like acute, subacute or chronic, they usually go with time frame. Acute could be anywhere from less than a month and chronic could be anything from more than three months considered chronic, but it depends on the condition whether when you have the injury, are you still doing things that injure it and that's why it's accumulating that injury or is it like, even though you rest but you still have pain, okay, it could be chronic, but is it because you're not putting enough load to it? You're not introducing it back to your body, so that's why your body's not used to it and that's why it feels that discomfort and sends these pain signals to you. So yeah, most of the time it will become our body's heal, so just know that our bodies will heal and you have to give it time, you have to protect it, you have to load it up again. And keep the faith. Derek, you've been my physical therapist in a number of occasions, so I would like you to and definitely keep the faith, it was very important to me and just trusting the process. So I would like you to just as a goodbye to our audience, give a couple of advice or whatever you want to tell to patients out there or potential people who might get injured in the future. Right, yeah, so it's definitely a pleasure to work with you and with patients or whoever's seeking care from physical therapists, if it doesn't work out at first, don't stop, don't assume that, you know, don't generalize that physical therapist doesn't work. Definitely you have to keep searching because everyone practices a little differently and that's what gives you the right as a patient to take an opinion, third opinions, maybe even fourth. And you have to make sure that you understand what you're going through and don't just assume that oh, just because someone is a healthcare professional, they're going to do this procedure on you or give you these treatments and it should make it work. Sometimes it doesn't and sometimes you have to sort of, you have to understand it, understand your condition yourself. So I try to educate my patient so they understand how they're going to get better by themselves using these exercises. And you do a great work, I'm not just saying this, I'm leaving it, I'm leaving the process. Thank you very much, Derek. If anyone wants to contact you, what's the best way? If anyone wants to contact me, they could reach me on my Instagram, you know, send me a DM, it's Derek on the Scorch Un, pretty easy to find me. Okay, excellent. Well, thank you very much, Derek. Thanks for saying your knowledge and spending your generosity with your time. Thank you so much for having me. Of course, our pleasure. And to everybody else, just keep moving. Moving motion is lotion. Okay, we'll see you in the next episode of staying young and hard. Until then, keep moving. Aloha.


Hello everyone. Today, we're going to be taking a look at this security camera with the solar panel on it. We're going to open it up. We're going to check it out. I'll go over some of the features with you and I'll show you how to install it. Okay, let's open this up. And inside, we start with our quick guides. We have a mount. Here's our solar panel. Here's the device. Here's some more hardware. I'm going to read some of the features to you. It's wireless. It can be charged and it also charges with your solar panel. It can detect a person, a pet, package delivery and vehicle detection. It's got a 5200 amp hour rechargeable battery and solar power. It's 2K ultra high definition resolution with 3 megapixels. It's got 360 degrees pan and tilt. It's got a dual warning system, full color night vision technology. It is SD card and cloud storage. It's got real time two way conversation and keeps your data secure with reliable encryption. If you want to charge this with your USB cable, it has the charging port right here. A little rubber cap underneath the top. There's a rubber cap here you can pull that off. And this is where your power button is and where you will insert your SD card. Or again, you can just use cloud storage. Inside this bag you have some hardware and it comes with a USB-C cable. For your solar panel, there's some pieces here that you're going to need. This will unscrew. It's already screwed on for you so it doesn't get lost. And this is your mount, your base plate. If you want to screw it on the side of your house, garage, whatever. We're going to take this and we're going to just put it through like that. And once you get your mount onto your house or garage or shed, wherever you're going to put it, this will screw onto here and that will tighten down. And you can move, by loosening that, you'll be able to move this around. Then your solar panel will screw into here. And you can use that to lock it into place. Remember, this being a solar panel, you're going to want as much sunlight shining on this through the daytime as you can get. You can also leave this plugged in if you're going to do 24-hour recording. You'll use this plugged in here, then you can plug this into an outlet. This is the mounting base for your camera. You can mount it like this, or you can mount it up against a wall like that. You have an arrow on the bottom of this. And right here, you have some illustrations of a lock and unlock. When you put your camera up, you want to line your arrow up to the unlock. It will go in like that, and then spin it around and that locks into position, just like that. And if you ever want to take it down, move it to paint, you will just turn a quarter turn and it will come off. As you can see, we have plenty of sunshine here for our solar panel to work. Now I'm going to be using my own screws for this project because this roof will be coming off in a couple of weeks. We're getting a new roof. As you can see, we need a new roof. So I'm just using my own screws for now. And as you can see, it's picking us up. And here's a short clip I recorded during testing, so you can see the clarity and how well the camera picks up movement. So the camera with a solar panel, very nice, very easy to use. It's got so many more functions than what I can show you on here. A link will be in the description box below with also a 15% discount if you're interested in purchasing this product. Thank you for watching and have a great day.


Watch this to break your sweet tooth addiction. All right, you heard me say it over and over again, but it bears repeating. Sugar is incredibly dangerous. And even worse, it's highly addictive. In fact, the average American eats 153 pounds of sugar every year, whether they know it or not. That's a lot of sugar. Ready for another fun fact? You know this, sugar is highly addictive. And believe me, I know how hard it can be to kick a sugar addiction. I'm someone who could go through a two pound bag of peanut M&Ms in a single sitting. I know how addicting sugar can be. That's why today I'm gonna teach you how to kick your sugar addiction in just four easy steps. All right, step one, you gotta know where sugar is hiding. These days, sugar is everywhere and it's no wonder people are addicted. They don't even know they're consuming it. That's why I recommend you memorize the different names that sugar can go by, such as brown rice syrup, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, glucose, fructose, agave. These are all code words for sugar. And it gets worse, maple syrup, honey, all natural cane sugar, somehow that's different. So next time you're at the grocery store, make sure to check for those names on the label. Or better yet, if you're looking at a label, you probably should put it back because a packaged food most likely is gonna have sugar in one form or another well hidden on that label. All right, step two, here's another label trick. Don't look for sugar on the label. It's purposely misleading. These label laws were changed by the federal government during the Reagan administration because the Department of Agriculture realized that their business is to protect agricultural products and make sure agricultural products were being consumed. So the amount of sugar on a label is well hidden. Now, recently the label laws were changed to put added sugar as a separate ingredient, but that's not there to make you aware of how much sugar is added, that's to distract you again. So don't look at sugar, don't look at added sugar. Now, naturally if you see a lot of sugar in both of those, run. But where it's hiding is under total carbohydrates. So look at total carbohydrates per serving size. And serving sizes are getting smaller and smaller to fool you about how much sugar is actually in that package. Take total carbohydrates, the next line down is fiber. Fiber is indigestible, so it doesn't count against carbohydrates. So you subtract the fiber from total carbohydrates. That number that you get is actually the grams of sugar in that serving size. Now, grams don't mean a lot to people, particularly in the United States. So here's the easy equation that I've talked about and written about. There are four grams of carbohydrate in one teaspoon of sugar. So take that number of total carbohydrates that you got, divide it by four, and that'll show you the actual amount of sugar in that product serving that you're eating. And when you do that, you may never read a label again because it's so shocking how much sugar is actually being consumed in this country. And it's all hidden in these packaged foods. And read the label, do the math. It's quick and easy, and when you do that, you'll be shocked with how many things you'll start putting back. Step three, give fruit the boot. Believe it or not, most fruit contains incredibly high amounts of sugar. And no, there's no such thing as good for you or healthier sugar. Sugar is sugar. And that goes for coconut sugar, brown sugar, agave. Sugar is sugar, fructose is sugar. And the problem with fructose, as we now know, is that fructose goes directly to your liver, where it's converted into fat, triglycerides, and it's converted into uric acid. Now, increasingly, we're realizing that uric acid, which most of us have heard of, causes gout. Uric acid causes high blood pressure. Uric acid causes kidney damage. And increasingly, we're realizing that uric acid is a big culprit in producing diabetes and insulin resistance. Additionally, fructose, in the form of fruit sugar or high fructose corn syrup, is now the leading cause of fatty liver disease. And we have an epidemic of fatty liver disease in this country, particularly in our kids. Part of the problem has been that we now have fruit available to us 365 days a year. And we inherited a system from Great Apes that takes fruit, sugar, and converts it to fat because fruit used to be only available a few times a year, even in the jungle. And we have the ability to convert fruit sugar into fat. But now fruit has been raised for sugar content. I mean, it's obvious. I mean, an apple today is the size of a grapefruit. An apple when I was growing up was the size of a crab apple now. And even the names give it away. Ambrosia apple, honey crisp apple. It's pure sugar. And they've been bred for this content. The safest fruits, believe it or not, are blackberries and raspberries, followed by strawberries. Blueberries are down the line now because they've been bred for sugar content. If you want to have something in your hand that you can eat, a kiwi is actually the lowest fructose-containing fruit. And grapefruits are actually low in fructose. So those are your best options if you just have to have fruit. Pomegranates are an incredible option. Number one, they're hard to eat. And they're only available at certain times the year, fall, and early winter. So pomegranates are perfectly acceptable. Step four, don't quit cold turkey. The key to maintaining any healthy lifestyle choice is to ease into them gradually. Keep track of your progress and always keep an end goal in mind. Deprivation is not the goal of any healthy lifestyle. It never works. So for instance, let's suppose you're used to putting two teaspoons of sugar in your coffee every morning. Well, you got two options. Drop down to one teaspoon. Believe it or not, in a week or so, it will be every bit as sweet as you remember and keep dropping back. Alternatively, choose one of the safe, no-calorie sweeteners. My personal favorite right now is allulose. Allulose is a true, simple sugar. It was first discovered in figs. Allulose is readily available, get the non-GMO variety. It actually is a prebiotic fiber in its own right. Monk fruit works well, stevia works well. Try those as sugar substitutes. But remember, your tongue has no sugar receptors. Your tongue has sweet receptors. And the only things that were ever sweet way back when was fruit. And fruit stimulates you to produce insulin.   And you should go back and find some more. How do I know this? I was addicted to Diet Coke. I would have eight Diet Cokes a day. I always had a hand wrapped around a Diet Coke. If I could sterilize Diet Coke and have it in the operating room in surgery, I'd do it. But my brain didn't understand why sugar was not arriving because my tongue tasted it. And so just be careful of all these no sugar sweetened foods.  All right, final, dark chocolate. Dark chocolate is a great way to transfer into having a more healthy treat. But be careful, even dark chocolate has a lot of sugar. My personal favorite, and I have no relationship with them, is lilies. Lillies uses stevia as their sweetener. And they have a great 85% dark chocolate that virtually has no sugar in them. And finally avoid these non-sugar added drinks. Just because it says no sugar added or just because it says sweetened with stevia or sweetened with monk fruit.  Now I know how wonderful soda is, but over five years ago on YouTube, I introduced the concept of a healthy Coke using sparkling water, Sun Pellegrino or other Italian sparkling waters and balsamic vinegar. And if you haven't seen it, look it up. I was the originator of the healthy Coke recipe. You get all the benefits you're looking for, the flavor you're looking for, but you're gonna get the health benefits of balsamic vinegar, a prebiotic fiber, a polyphenol. And there you go. So there's ways around this sugar addiction. Don't look at quitting sugar as a prescription, as a thing you are being made to avoid. Look at it as a way of getting control of probably the most addictive substance in our diet. And as any addict knows, giving up an addiction is difficult, but well worth it in the end. Let's get rid of our sugar addiction. I think you're gonna love this next one.  If you wanna age slowly, stop eating sugar.


Save 10% with my code Bobby10 on raw, organic, grass-fed and grass-finished, freeze-dried organ meats from grassland nutrition. Link in the description box. All right guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new, my name is Bobby. Guys, after the last reaction video to Newman Ali Khan, I was very impressed and therefore I want to react to another one of his videos today to Pelindrome miracle in the Quran. The video is only three minutes long, so this will be a short one. Moreover, I don't even know what a Pelindrome is. So with no further ado, let's have a look. Allah Azza wa Jalla, he says in Surat al-Muddathir The wow in the beginning is like the English capital letter. Like when you start a new sentence, you begin with capital letter. In Arabic, wow can be used for many things, over 21 things. One of them is enough to start a new sentence. So you can think of the why in the beginning as a new sentence. The rest of the ayah says now listen to this carefully. What's the first letter you hear when I say what's the first letter of the Arabic alphabet that you hear? Everybody heard Now listen for the last letter. What's the last letter you heard? Okay, now listen carefully for the second letter. What's the second letter? Listen for the second last letter. What's the second last letter? What's the third letter? What's the third last letter? You notice something? It's not backwards and forwards, the same way. It's spelled backwards and forwards the same way. In English literature we call this a palindrome. Something that spells backwards and forwards. Makes sense. In the same way, like bob or race car. Race car is an interesting palindrome in English. Allah Azza wa Jalla gave our messenger, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, words that he didn't write down.  You don't know how to write. So this is entirely an oral exercise for the messenger, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. And he, once he says something, he doesn't edit it. He doesn't correct it. That's it. Allah revealed it and that's it. There's no, I didn't mean to say that. Let me change the way I said it, etc, etc. Right? It's exactly the way Allah instructed him to recite. The challenge for mankind is, you see, the ayah, the simple translation of the ayah would be, declare the greatness only of your Lord. That would be a simple translation of Try to say, declare the greatness only of your Lord in English or French or German or Japanese or Chinese or Italian or Russian or Urdu or Farsi. You pick the language. Say it so that it spells backwards and forwards the same way and say it so you only have one attempt orally. No writing down, no looking up in dictionaries. How possible is that? Pretty impossible. I can translate the ayah, but could I translate the miracle in English? If I tell you, declare the greatness only of your Lord, you get some of the message, but do you get the miracle? You don't get the miracle. The miracle of Quran is in the Arabic language. And this is just one small example. The Quran, every ayah has its own miracle. All right, guys. And this already it for today's very, very short video. The take away message here for me personally is, yet again, I will have to learn Arabic. To truly continue my deep dive into Islam, I will have to learn Arabic at some point in order to really understand the Quran, to really understand the miracles and to truly appreciate the Quran as I said previously. Without it, I really feel lost. Even listening to certain scholars, I don't understand every single word they say. They use so many Arabic words and I always have to ask, have to look it up in order to truly understand Islam. I don't think we can get around learning Arabic. That being said, this of course a factor why so many Westerners do not want to look into Islam, because they see it as an Arabic religion from Arabia for the Arabs. Many German, French people, English people, they can't fathom learning Arabic in order to understand a religion. They would never do that. And this is why Islam is so foreign to the West. It is not the monotheism, guys. I really have to say this here. It's not the monotheism. It is not the theology itself. It is the interface of the theology. It is the Arabic appearance of the theology. This is what is so shocking and so alien to the Western mind. Anyways, let me know in the comment section what you think about this. How is Islam appearing to you? What country are you from?  What are your views on the West and Islam? Please let me know in the comment section. I would love to discuss it with you. All right, guys. But this is it for today's video. If you liked it, leave it a thumbs up. If you haven't subscribed already, guys, please do so. And if you want to support this channel via Patreon, for example, all the links are in the description box below. Thank you so much for your ongoing support. As always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace.


What's going on everyone Sam here at Layton Sports Cards We're doing 2022 pretty many Chronicles baseball hobby eight box half case break number 14 pick your team style Let me read off the teams and names Chris D's got the race Cody H. Braves Corey S. Pirates Derek U Tigers Phillies Eric W Rangers John W. Rockies Leone G Nationals Matthew M. Diamondbacks Blue Jays Mike P Dodgers twins Giants Mike closing us out clutch Mitchell P with the Mariners Reds Guardians. Thank you, Mitchell Nicholas I Cardinals Robert F. Astros Mets Ryan S. Got the Royals Steven S Marlins Tony N red Sox angels Yankees Padres and Tony K. It's got the Cubs Brewers White Sox. Thank you, Tony What up, man? Vinnie H. Athletics Wesley B. Going with the Orioles. Let's do it guys. There's my knife Well, I talk about Midsboro. We could talk about the Jags pre-ordering Calvin Ridley. Oh, man Oh, is it legal? I'm assuming. Yeah, you're in Ohio, Jacob. I'm assuming it's getting legalized in Ohio. Oh boy Man, it's gonna be hammering the Browns over wins every year It's gonna be the Jacob and special right there. There's a torque rookie Jayrod rookie nice nice box so far Luke Williams Auto Lopez Josiah Gray. There's a bit all Bruhan rookie we've got a Redemption right there as well as a one-soto. All right guys Redemption time grab a filler really quick. Let's slow roll this baby 12 plus every year. All right That's gonna be Chronicles Prospect draft ticket red 13 Yeti cap a nice one there Marlins congrats on the prospect ticket. These are fire, man Marlins Marlins Marlins Marlins Marlins is Steven asks you at Steven going to the Marlins There you go. Yeah, we got nine to go on our three and two mixer now We're down to eight to go on our three and two mixer. Thank you rich for the updates Kevin Gaussman Rizzo. There's a Jaren Durant elite rookie followed by a Jake Berger behind that O'Neil Cruz. That's not gold right now. O'Neil Cruz on the rookie Reed Detmer's a Dolos Garcia and Edward Cabrera Yeah, I think that's a good trade for the Steelers though. I think that's a really good trade Because that's gonna be a high second rounder. I think right that's not like cuz the bears aren't gonna I don't think the bears are gonna continue this There's a Kershaw elite we've got a Fortes and a Corey seager Siebold there's a Marcus Simeon on the Silver Crusade. That's a Zach Wheeler Spectra and A Vidal Ruhon on the back Yeah, but I feel like none of those none of those guys would have given you gotten you guys a second round pick though You know what I'm saying? Jaren Durant on the Zenith Wander luminance. These are so cool Aaron Ashby rookie Mike Valman Juan Soto Aaron Judge that's gonna be Trevor Larnac. That's going to the twins nice one there twins Not numbers at Tony Tony grab the twins No, we did not grab the twins Mike P.  I don't know six. I I get it. I get why you're annoyed on that one nice hunter green 11 out of 99 rookie for the Reds Blue one Aaron Ashby Jonah Dome.   Nope Strasburg and a Lou Bob for the White Sox Gilbert Steven hit the Kwan baby. Stephen Kwan guardians Mike trout Reese Nair up six six not happy about the Claypool trade. No, Rosie Contreras on the refractor rookie or silver rookie We've got nice Jaren Durant on the studio RPA five out of ten go to the Red Sox Who has got Boston that is Tony and there you go, Tony and Alex Bregman I Do not mean to say hopefully he's not a Yankee there Vaughan for your information Vaughan You're gonna need that so you come in fourth instead of fifth next year in the division We've got Edward Cabrera Joe Perez Mason Thompson Spencer Strider There's a Jose Siri to the Astros season ticket wander a Gary Sanchez and a yachty obsidian Yeah, I think that it was I think Matt Canada has been and not did not help his development at all I Will I will agree with you on that one? Marcus Drowman did not know he had one nice Reese Nair. That's gonna be a Nice six to go guys 95 out of 150 Mike Bowman Bobby with junior another redemption gets Tramancy let's see Sure Right color graphs gold, uh-oh car number three Jared Walsh nice one there. I believe that will be angels if I'm not mistaken. Let me double check really quick for you guys Baseball checklist assuming this will be a angel and that's what my guess is Uh Yes, that would be going to the angels nice one there gold. I'm assuming to 10 It doesn't have the numbering on it, but with panini gold equals 10 usually happens Yes, I'll be an angels. Congrats again, Tony Tony I'm doing very well with that combo spot on both ways now. There you go, Tony Alguire as a Torkelson Edward Cabrera Reed Detmer silver for the angels Shane beaver and wander nice not numbered on the wander Yeah, now I know six it sucks. I hate when that happens when you get a guy that like your team just gives up on kind of like when we traded Hollywood Seth beer Detmer's Tyler McGill But we got a first round pick for Marquis Brown that's a fleece and a half Anthony Bender nice one there Marlins Nice one there Ryan Belied How about the Ravens getting a first rounder for uh Marquis Brown Jacob? That's that's That makes Eric the cost. I look like a genius too Rosie Contreras. Say it nice. Say us a zuki 44 out of 100 going to the Cubs Jose Siri. There's an Otani Another Otani this time America's past time not numbered Merck's JT Realme too and this is a man This one here guys RPA something gold something gold butter one Tony Santillan called Goldschmidt and be Shane Boz Eli Morgan We've got Alex Minoa on the color graphs dude. That is so clean Congrats blue jays Who has got the blue jays dude? That's so cool looking Steve. No not Steven. That's sorry. This is the wrong break We've got Number 14 Look at this again Hold on guys get my I know I know Matthew M. Congrats Matthew very nice glue ink on that one too So this is what the Jared Wall shall look like right here It literally exactly to a T what the Jared Wall should look like and Jonathan India Very cool one there All right, here we go guys let's do the next one Yeah, not as bad as getting getting a first from Indy for Trent Richardson. That's kind of wild Torkelson There's Curtis Terry Reed Detmer's Mike Bowman say a Suzuki silver Cabrion Ames Hayes refractor Ryan Ville We have four to go on our next break guys four to go Let's get her filled everybody. That is going to be so much fun to rip. I love some one-in-one Rizzo Jaren Durand. There's a Torkelson 16 out of 49 on the purple. Congrats. They're Tigers Jay Ram Siri there's a Matt Manning silver. What up pack addicts? Yeah, I agree pack Nice 41 out of 99 O'Neill Cruz Boom, there we go pirates. Uh, Cory S with the one-teamer There you go, buddy. Nice O'Neill Cruz I'll take that. That'll work 41 out of 99 I'm getting to a mag 40 my man Shane Boss Yeah, let Kim Hayward retire with uh, hey, you guys got William Jackson. No, I think that was a sneaky pickup Tyler Gilbert Detmer's a wander franca. Let's go dolphins Mike Bowman, let's go into the uh, the Orioles nice one there Mike Shrupp, Vlad, uh, Guerrero. Oh, yeah, big time What we do big time and trout a trout. Isn't that you saw the trout? Yeah, so cool, dude. So cool Spencer Torkelson Yeah, brad, Bradley Chubb's a solid pickup for the dolphins. Let's go dolphins Santee on Bobby witt Edward Cabrera, that's gonna be Nick Allgaier going to the uh, blue jays again Matthew And Jonathan India, who are they playing? Are they playing the browns next week? I have to imagine that's what's gonna be Jake Jacob our resident browns fan Sorry, bud. Who are they playing the browns next week? The ran whoever they're playing me Uh max crannick that's gonna be a Jacob burger Josh Lowe Joe Ryan rookie There's a Kyle Lewis and a Carlos Correa No, they're not playing the browns bills, maybe Um, probably the bills if they're gonna get murked by 40 November 13th wonder franco is it That's the uh CJ Abrams go to sleep It's G man joy Two out of eight on the fireworks Dude, that is awesome. I love g man. Choi. That's gonna be a patch from it looks like the uh, um God, what is it? They're like throwback the devil rays dude. That's so cool Game worn on that too. That's game worn g man. Choi. There you go chris, man Dude, I I love them I love this card. This card is so awesome g man.  That's an awesome card. I'm I'm like jealous of that honestly Such a nice patch like That is that's gotta be from those throwbacks the devil rays throwbacks. It has to be that's the only other line green and purple They've got Such a cool one, man Oh, I'm trying. Let's play some kevin smith man or some uh, they probably got like Chapman in here. I have to say Josh low Hans krupps Say nick ladolo Andre jackson Leho Lopez there's tyler mcgill silver paul goldschmidt And bright start really you're gonna beat the bills twice. Yeah, okay You're gonna you're gonna march into buffalo where Three degrees and beat the bills Okay, it's gonna be easy. Oh boy Yeah, see if we can get you a wander auto strider contrares Matt veerling mixed with a yordan uh yordan again kevin smith. There you go. There's one Uh, wow Fernando tautis jr That is I don't believe it's numbered on the marquee auto. There you go congrats Padres What is going on out? What is just going on here today? Uh, Tony and dude, Tony is killing chronicles man Again, I do not believe that that is gonna be numbered Nice one there freddy freeman Jeremy pain yeah a nice one there On the recon rookie auto lopez the 199 That's gonna be matt brash. Yeah chronicles is bringing the heat tonight for sure. Louis seal nice true ellis rookie Uh jersey from limited that's going to the diamond becks Lou bob and boogie bets All the team logos that would be fun scottie all the team logos and images that'd be a cool job for sure Jake mccarthy, louis seal There's an akunja marcus semian We've got going to the mats. That's rob Maranaccio, I think that's how you pronounce it rob maranaccio or maranaccio Is it maranaccio? Yeah, thank you Three and two sold out. Thank you guys.  There's a wander rookie Uh, ryan reynolds refractor and seas is yuki. Oh, yeah miles miles gear. It's a beast There's no no one disagreeing with that there jacob That he is I mean other than I would say tj watt the best pass rusher in the league glenn auto Drew ellis. I mean, I guess if you consider erin donnell the pass rusher bro said He's that guy. Yeah Louis heel jake meyers luke williams. We've got jose maranda for the twins 25 out of 49 on the prospect's rp Henry depmers. There you go. There's six. Oh, he's stirring up some drama there because miles Garrett wants to be tj watt Does garret have a defensive player of the year award. I don't think he does right? Empty. Yeah, he might get it this year. He might get it this year if he keeps keeps up what he's doing Uh seas is yuki. There's a billon colman mani machado louis seal silver Logan web and mike trout Oh parson's might get it this year. I forgot about michael parson's. It's a good point I'm so pumped for the game tonight Glenn auto we're probably getting relatively close I probably wonder Yeah, I got postponed. Yeah, luke williams jake meyers refractor. There's a redemption a j-rock rookie jersey autographs neon pink 104 wonder franco Boom there it is chris chris d. Let's go buddy Congrats, man. There he is We were hoping for a wanderado and there's the wanderado right after only the second biggest ray. We pulled second to gman choy Nice one there buddy. Congrats. We'll get that in a mag for you, man. There it is chris. Congrats, man No, I did not actually yeah, sorry. So false alarm false alarm. Yeah. Yeah. It was actually hondel banco. Yes Hondel banco Nice we got j-rod gold rush super short print. There you go mariners. Congrats mariners There you go, seattle is michael a peek. Congrats, michael. Yeah, you got it chris. No problem Yeah, you can recap that one too jake mccarthy to 199 and bright sardar Coonia there's an hosé siri 63 out of 99.  There's another wander rookie O'Neil cruise rookie Uh packy knot and that's going that's xr going to the cardinals on the base auto And erin ashby rookie Oh a paino auto coming out of here. Oh, I can get down with that say asezuki rookie Diego castillo blue bob debtmer's Lime ward silver one soda and a hobby bias not numbered last pack of box five here guys water's newt bar kevin smith Another wander coming up here another wander rookie love to see that Simeon contreras. There's a Diego castillo. That's going out west with uh, san diego No pittsburgh. That's going east with pittsburgh There you go pirates and o'neil cruise rookie nice on the end Oh, and there's a uh, okay. All right. We got to pull you something nice then rob I'm gonna we gotta When I click the join button it pinwheels super fast and that's it try maybe re like Deleting out of your tab and try refreshing it or something pack It might just be uh, like a computer fart on your end potentially Like what I see already here j rod Brian de la Cruz ronzi contreras Another redemption. We've got a jaren diran. How about uh, one of 10 on the back for the red socks on the gold Nice one there red socks. All right. Let's see what we got here. Good luck. Good luck Essentials autographs card number six Jose siri Go into the astros. I believe let me double check here. I believe siri is an astro in everything in this product Uh elite essentials hueson astros.  Congrats, man contreras sheets Dove all John heasley greg dikeman that's gonna be cody bellinger as well as jake meyers rookie Staring out out there. He's causing trouble. Nobody march Torkelson, uh, definitely got to keep an eye on dawn matt manning Edward cabrera silver louisiel Up nice that's 69 out of 99 say a sozuki join in the party now There we go. Congrats cubs Nice man. Let's go Cubs tony k. There it is tony Where's that twins logo at? Tony rinando tautis There he is tony Fantastic half case man. It's been a if this is a full case man. This has been a wild Frias romi Reese and there we've got No shot. Oh green mic shroud 69 out of 75 nice one there I thought that was gonna be out of five I like I literally froze for a second. I'm like, there's no shower. Just pulled the one of one and the out of five There you go angels. I think that's tony tony and again, dude going for the rainbow of this card cj abram silver rookie and pita lanza That would have been insane dude if that was out of five. I would have lost my mind Hey Everybody chill with the out of the ravens get catching strays in this one. Uh, keep talking about Connor wong matt brash got zack short. That's going to the tigers on the certified auto nice one there and christian yellow Oh, yeah, six always coming in here busting my chops six always is talking some nonsense 46 out of 50 Hey, thanks for coming to member pack addicts Welcome in buddy Ryan belied vedal bruhan Julio Rodriguez nice on the america's pastime jersey Nice one there Aaron nola and tyler mcgill Yeah, no, I kind of have to agree that the bills are going to win the fc bills are the best even the fc by mile go dolphins Yeah, that's that's the chance of desperation right there later later paul Got cori abbott You want to do your side right show us and chris bryant on their obsidian Big boy coming up here. It's gonna be a blue to 99 rp. I've seen bond preaching facts Love it River sand martin this is a doll bruhan. There you go, uh, chris 57 out of 100 Alejo Lopez wander rookie We've got lar's new bar nice 49 out of 99 That's three colored rpa going to the gardeners Nice one there and show hey otani Ah, would you say that the eagles are playing as well as the bills right now at this point in time right now Shane boss Riley Adams trout. There's an o'neill cruise Redetmer silver Cabrion Hayes and joe ryan who did wait so who did the bills lose to again? Can someone refresh my memory?  That's going to the use uh to 299 we got a Set the beer coming up right here That is 26 out of 50 draft ticket going to the uh diamond backs nice set the beer I drive long you nailed it. Let's go on our indoor. What'd you say? I drive long nailed it He did Oh, there's chronicles wwe wwe coming on. I didn't even know that re snare to 100. Padres. That'll be fun, man Dylan Cole Coleman ronzi america's pastime bobby wit jr. Jersey cart going to the roitz and grads of roitz ready for even and kyle loose Yeah, bills did just pick up nine heme hines. That's going to be very like low key good pick up right there luke williams Hans kraus Detmer's detmer's elie morgan. We've got luke williams on the contender's optic silver auto That's going to the marlins nice one there And randia rosarana. Yeah, I saw I saw a stat. He's fifth in the uh nfl For running backs in uh receiving yards since 2018 Nihime hines, I did not realize that and I'm pretty sure he missed a year Or missed like a bunch of games at one point High with the bills on defense. Yeah, that makes sense then I would agree with you then That the bills are playing. I mean, I think the bills are playing the best football in the nfl I just I just don't want to discount the eagles being undefeated right now. That's the only thing I'm saying I just don't want to discount the eagles Riley Adams Brandon marsh matt brash lars newt bath We've got glenn auto on one of these. Uh, wow Dude, that's nasty Not numbered rangers. Look at the patch on that man Who's got tejas? That's gonna be eric w on the one spot.  That's like a marble kind of like the usually those are out of five and basketball and football Uh matt manning to 50 for the tigers Reaver sand martin max scherzer connor wong got an ah z albis Not numbered braves hose barrios And wander franco. Hey, don't they play the ravens this year? Everybody discounting the ravens here against the eagles Torkelson rookie classics Mookie bets.  There's a Logan web and a yachty. That is yeah, that is numbered actually to 99 Oh raven. I've been asking for a better oc for the ravens since 2020 at this point. I cannot stand greg roman Oh neil cruise Hans kraus the doll brujan brandon marsh silver trout on the titan Jordan and jash chisel not numbered ravens oc oc stinks. He stinks stinks Zach thompson there's another wander rookie this time out of uh limited erin ashby That is a brandy la cruz Gavin sheets that is 67 out of 75 for the white socks Nice one there. Freddie freeman and akunja One to go in luminaries guys random division style rome gonzales Dari meretta that is certified going to the reds and hans kraus on the back That'll do for the break guys. Do a quick recap here Really really solid breakup to say overall very happy with how this turned up All right, we've got Ozzy albies braves my camera down just a bit hold on guys. Let me just readjust the camera Ozzy albies braves bobby wet royals j rod mariners, uh, jose siri astros drew ellis diamondbacks mike bowman oryals otani Angels erin judge yankees dory meretta reds Gavin sheets white socks glen auto nasty patches on that one marvel again. That was not numbered. I don't believe I'm not seeing a number on here Uh I I guess just not numbered really cool patch though uh luke williams marlins seth bier diamondbacks lars newt bar for the uh cardinals zack short Tigers say a Suzuki cubs Another nice one there, uh, d. Aguistillo pirates packing on cardinals jose maranda twins Yes, twins run, uh, marinaccio for the max for nanotatis jr.  That is all I'm in love with that card nick augaier blue jays anthony bender marlins We've got jaren duran redsox Uh, trevor laurenac twins, uh, yidi cafe marlins. That's jose siri astros Jared walsh angels mic trout going to the uh angels sick alex manoa color graphs Going to the blue jays gold rush j-rock and our two mag guards. We had a wander franco neon pink rpa For the rays and then an o'neill cruise numbered 41 out of 99 going to the pirates That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up three and two mixer


Oh, I made a mistake. All right. That's the second one. Yeah, take your time. Don't worry. Okay, let's make it perfect. You just need to screen full screen. No, it is the second part. This is part two. Yes. Yes. Oh, this is part two. Yes. Yes. You need a part one. Yes. I made a mistake to put along. Is this okay? It's coming. Coming. Yeah. Yes. We have the outline now. Part one and part two. Perfect. Yes. Hello, everybody. My name is Sang Muk Lee. I am speaking, coming to you from South Korea Seoul. It's a little past 4am here. I'm going to talk about inverse methods in the era of machine learning and deep learning. I'm going to tell you from my educational point of view, you know, for those who want to do both geophysics and the new latest deep learning and stuff. I would like to thank the organizers and in particularly Alec very well, very much because he has made this talk possible for me. He has been gracious to invite me.  So these days since last, since coronavirus, I did not travel very much. So my English has got a little bit rusty. So I cannot speak as fast as before. So this coronavirus has come to my tongue. This is the outline of my talk first. I'll talk a bit about myself because like Alec mentioned in 2006, I had a devastating accident. I became quadriplegic. That means I cannot move anything below my neck, not a single finger. So, but luckily, I mean, life has unexpected twists and turns. And this made me a better person and not that I was a bad person, but made me realize things to gain a bigger perspective of life. So in a way you can call it an awakening. Okay. And believe it or not, I became very famous in Korea. In Korea, they call me Stephen Hawking of Korea. All the media and everybody calls start calling me Stephen Hawking of Korea so much so that when an English friend visit me in Korea, I have to tell him that remind him that in Korea you have to call him Stephen Hawking of England, so that people will not get confused. This is a joke. Anyway, so because of my accident and my return back to work. In around 2010, I was able to start a big national program in Korea. And it was worth about 10 million US dollar a year. And I realized that it's really difficult to spend money when you get such a big grant. So I set up a computational science program at our university. The only way that professors can spend money is by setting up programs and departments. As you know, computational science at that time was all about numerical analysis, finite element, finite difference, all those numerical simulation and stuff. But nowadays, it's more about data science. Now, I used to be a, I am still a field scientist, but because of my injury, I had to reinvent myself into computational science and then I had to deal with data science, numerical analysis and then all these things buzzword that's popping up. So I tell you how I got around this complication. First, I didn't know what object oriented programming was, but it was rather simple than I thought. And in the final part, I would like to mention to you about some of the things I got money for my money was not for computational science but to raise the level of. To raise the level of Korean, the quality of life for people with disability in Korea. So one of the things that I really recently found out works is that voice coding. I cannot use a single finger, but I can still do coding using voice. It's more simple than regular natural language. And as you know, these days, an important buzzword keyword is Jedi Jedi stands for justice equality diversity and inclusion, and in Korea I became the champion of Jedi. And so we, I'm also helping to train many people with disability with severe disability like myself, not just normal disability, really hard severe disability to get job and find career to see will be the first part. The second part is about our science. It's why do you science is to broaden your knowledge and science is all about observation due data and things. In 2015, I was able to change Korea in a big way up to that point for about 25 years Korean academic research community did not have access to very big high tech state of the art research vessels. This was possible in Europe, United States, Japan, but not in Korea. Everything was monopolized by government. But after I became very famous in 2015, I was called to testify against the government at National Assembly, you know, our parliament. And there, I beat up the government so much that, well, that a new law was passed that now allows all academic community all the research fleet in Korea to be shared with the university. And this was a big turn, big contribution. And so I will. Yeah, I mean I'm telling you this because you have to know this to understand what I'm why I am emphasizing observation and data. And then this part to physical invert theory in the era of machine learning and deep learning. Well, I'm a fan of deep learning machine learning, but at the same time, a bit skeptic. The reason is that we never have enough data data. Machine learning deep learning works well when there is enough data, you know, if there is enough data, different types of algorithm actually do not matter that much it's the amount of data but when you are in the real science where you're trying to discover something you were never given enough data. So, so this is my biggest skepticism and my biggest shortcoming. I'm blessed. I mean, the reason I'm not really blessing deep learning machine learning. The reason is that, as you know, you know, these things can work very well on the image. So, in earth science we have satellite observation atmospheric science, where they all gather image satellite image and stuff. It works well on the image, but in more diverse applications. Sure. I'm not fully convinced. So there are. So my message is that I'm waiting for this amalgamation of geophysical invert theory and data science machine learning to become more fruitful in the future. So, you know, my luck has been continuing. And last year, I received a big award from our university. You know, every university, the, the chancellor of the, or the president, their job is to improve the ranking of the university while they're in tenure. Our university at the moment is about 37th in the world. I mean, every every university has different systems. So we don't really care whether we are 3750 only thing we care is the gap between Korea and Japan. So I realized that Japan, the University of Tokyo is 22nd. So we only have to catch up with them. That's the only concern anyway. So they selected 10 departments, you know, and are funding them to make this 10 departments within global rank of 10. Well, I'm not sure whether I'll be able to do this, but I got the funding. And when I got the funding. And one of the big corporation in Korea wanted to do something for environment, and they, you know, supported in big way the funding so I'm this age able to expand the vision so that I care about writing paper with my students but in a way inspiring young people in Korea and around the world to become part of this big event to understand our planet Earth. This planet, this project is named Planet A. Do you know why? Well, I got the name because one of the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon during a conference said global greenhouse gas reduction conference said, Well, when it comes to global gas reduction, greenhouse gas reduction, there is no plan B because there is no planet B. So I got the name. So this planet A, which is funded by the university and also by the big corporation is giving me, it's something that I have to deal with. And to do so, I'm trying to organize data hackathon and also develop instruments. I tell you, instruments are very important new way to measure Earth. Okay. Okay. Before and after the accident, I was like, I like before my accident, enjoying cruises going to Antarctic spending like three months on average of three months at sea in remote places around the globe. But then, in 2015, I had an accident, which crippled me to the filter. But thanks to Stephen Hawking of England, publics, Korean public said, Oh, that's Stephen Hawking. So I, with this, with his, with the, with his thanks to his effort, I became a national icon immediately. So I have many things to thank to ICTP because I heard that Stephen Hawking used to visit there quite frequently. Well, I returned to Korea about in 1990, 1998, and I was used to fundamental basic blue sky type research because I was studying mid ocean ridge, which is something out in the deep sea nowhere. Unless you have, there is no economic benefit.  And so, at that time, Korea was developing country and I was appalled because Korea didn't care about the basic science and was also interested in economic mineral resources.  But after 20 years, I could see Korea changing, you know, Korea boasts as the only country in the world that was a developing country that received foreign aid and is now able to become a donor country where we are a member of global developed country where we contribute annually. We are the only country in the world. So, with that meant that Korea changed from developing to develop country status, we're on the margin, but anyway, and I realized that there are two things that we should not confuse. One is policy, science policy. Science policy is dictated by economists, by government budget planners and all this hiring people. So, science policy, scientists, it's like a national agenda. It's very hard to put our opinion. What we need is policy for science. This is different. It sounds same, but I think it's completely different. I gave a talk at AUGS recently telling people that don't expect too much from national scientific policy, but we have to work together to make policy for science and scientists. That's what we want. Well, this morning I ran another webinar online webinar because 20 years ago, 30 years ago, I complained that Korea was not spending much money on basic research like the ocean ridge. But now, since last year, I'm the chair of global inter-age community. So, you see how things have changed, and I know many students here, but you can follow our activity in www.inter-age.org. Now I said I spent 12 years abroad in Europe and US, and then seven years at a government lab doing global ocean research operations. And then I returned to my university, my Anna Mara, in 2003. And this is when I returned back to Korea, teaching. Real active moving geology in Korea was very difficult. Korea is a very old geology. Unlike Japan or Taiwan, which is rattled, we used to be like that 200 million years ago. This tectonic front has moved now to Japan and Taiwan. So, yeah. So, in a way, Korea is a very boring geology. Also, the country is very heavily vegetated, so I could not inspire students to study geology, earth science, geophysics, and et cetera. What do I do? So, with a professor that I knew at Caltech, we went to California. California, everything is basically a desert, and California is recent geology. So, I took Korean students together with geological field trip team of Caltech, and we did wonderful, very inspiring geological field trip. And this was taken a week before my accident. And this is what happened a week later, and I'm really, I'm still stuck underneath this driver's seat, and somebody had the nerve to take the picture, which I'm very grateful to explain what has happened to me. The roof of the car van collapsed, and so I was the only one that was injured because I stood up straight because of I was holding the handle. So, the accident that I suffered is called SCI, not scientific citation index, but spinal cord injury. As a result of accident, I had a disconnection, so they had to do a operation to put back my neck and body together. And so it was called neck fusion operation, and so as a result of this accident, I became paralyzed neck down. Well, it's the symptom is different from Stephen Hawking, he is, he has Lou Gehrig, I'm different, I'm spinal cord injury. And I can speak, he cannot, but still the public imagination just, I just fed into the public imagination. So as a result, I cannot move anything below my neck. So in terms of these days, computer science wise, the injury, the problem that I have is a network connection. So the CPU and the remaining part is not connected.  Okay, but this accident could have really devastated my life. But it was an awakening moment for me. Actually, I felt very calm and my life completely changed. I had no denial depression or anything. So but, but when you have this near this accident, you start to question about big things in life. What could I have missed if I have died that day on that side. Well, I could have resorted to religion. But as a scientist, we are trying to solve problems and address problems. So this scientific trade got into me and I said, I want to know I don't want to believe. And I think this word was made iterated by the famous scientist car saying and he said, I don't want to believe I want to know. So, although we will never find this answer. I said, if I stop questioning this. It's like science neglect for scientists, like, because the water is deep. I'm not going to research and study this. It's like that. So this has been my obsession. And this is where the accident occurred. And I had a chance to revisit this site. Six years later. And I laid a flower for a undergraduate student who died on that day. Now as you. I cannot flip a page of a book, you know, I cannot use my hand, but because I can control the computer with this red device, which is called integral mouse sip and puff device this small device. I can manipulate computer and on computer I can look at PDF listen to Kindle books. I mean look at the Kindle books read Kindle books audio books. So, I realize I did not lose very much, you know, I don't miss miss very much because now I have all the knowledge that I want right in front of me, you know. And then I said, Wow, isn't like amazing. I'm really fortunate and lucky to be injured at the right time in human history, when there is science that can support me. Oh, I never had a gloomy day. Oh, I'm asking my caregiver to give me a water because one of the injury that outcome is that I don't get saliva pumping of saliva back to my mouth is really has hampered a lot. So I started reading a lot of books I tried to find answers so not just in geophysics and other science but from all history, religion, literature, everything. I just wanted to find out what other people as said about life and what I can learn from them. So one of the biggest hurdle obstacle in my life as a scientist is distraction on other subject. So, because it's so easy to Google, click up and other subjects I just forget about the research paper that I have to write and follow that trail, you know, this is, I mean that means that in this newly connected world. Knowledge is, if you know where to look, it's, and if you have the will that's everywhere. In addition to just reading books I did a lot of traveling on one case with television crew. I took 40 days across the United States. And this was televised in Korea, and it made me even more famous. The right bottom corner is when I, my final destination was from Los Angeles to New York and when I arrived at United Nations in New York, all the presses around the world gathered and start making, taking photos and my writing my story. And, well, on average, I make 10 overseas trips a year since the last 12, 13 years. So I'm, you know, so this is the first time in 15 years that I am staying more than six months in Korea. You know, one of the memorable place that I visited was Merida, Mexico in 2013, there was a IAGA meeting in Merida. The Merida was chosen because it was an impact site of that big meteorite that killed all the dinosaurs, you know. Well, actually if you go here and that site is covered with sediment so you cannot see but with gravity, because there is a difference in density between sediment and hard rock behind below. So you can see the shape of the impact crater that changed history.  Again, what happens if I go to countries like Mexico, I gave this guy the money to build a wooden ramp like this, and I was able to get on and off. And I visited this very famous place and the reason was that I was curious how a civilization that sacrifices its own people to maintain, I mean, can keep on going for a certain period. And I found out that this is a very barren area so when there is a war, they don't, they just enslave the normal people, farmers and because they need them for production, but to reduce the mouth they have to feed, they have to sacrifice all the noble people. Well, they say we cannot donate this gift, having this tainted blood, we have to give the blood of the noble and pure guys so in that such. So, I realize there was a, I mean that explains many things. I was able to link up with one of the novelty, no royalty in United Arab Emirates, her in Sharjah, Princess Jamila Al-Kashmi and together with the funding from LG, we were able to run for three years, something called education, EDUCOM, which stands for assistive technology. These are technology that is needed for people with disability, EDUCOM stands for education and competition, and we had a very good competition running with Korean students and those at United Arab Emirates. Here you have the Korean team and I found out this was so successful to my wildest dream. The reason was that these students are a fan of Korean pop culture and they want to come to Korea and this, because the winners are provided opportunity to visit Korea, we were very, very successful to even our wildest imagination. Usually we select one team, but one year there was so much infighting that we had to select three teams. And two years ago, a small city in Korea named Pyongchang hosted the Winter Olympics. It's the smallest city to ever host the Olympics and the governor of that state asked me if I would make this small city like Davos in Switzerland, meaning that I would make a big event focused on earth science and global issues to attract people and one of the things that I proposed was that, you know, the theme of this work was, I mean, science is about breaking unchartered territory. So, as you can see, it was called at the limit of our knowledge, staring into the future. This was the theme that I got and this has stopped because there was so much, because after success, so much infighting against the government officials that they start infighting that it ended up abruptly after only two years. Anyway, in 2012, I mean, when I tell people I have near-death experience and people ask me, how was it like? How was it like? And in 2015 or 2012 or so, I had the chance to visit Paris, IPGP. This is where Alik used to work before, a very famous geophysical institution, IPGP. And because there was a sudden strike, I had to cancel some trip and then I had several days to kill. And I read a book written by Sarah Bakewell, who tells the story about Montaigne. Montaigne is the guy who created a literary form called SA and he had a near-death experience and this changed his life. And before he was involved in politics, local politics, the public, but then he, after this experience, he confined himself to writing about his daily events, his thoughts. I mean, before Montaigne, people wrote something, they had a purpose, but SA, if you think about it, is a literary form where you don't have an object. It's like Facebook, modern-day Facebook. So I wanted to really feel connected because instead of asking me how it felt like, please read this book because it's really amazing that across 450 years of time, I share, I know what he means, and he would know what I felt. So it's like time machine. And so I said I had to go to Bordeaux and I took a train and went to Bordeaux, stayed there three days, and then found out there was a statue of Montaigne. I took the picture just before the train. I went to Bordeaux to feel the breath of Montaigne. Of course, I enjoyed the wine, but also that was not the purpose. As I mentioned earlier, in 2010, I received almost $10 million a year project for four years. And I created, I mean, I am by nature a sea-going field geologist, but I created a computational science program in undergraduate, and also with the money that I had, I basically merged the graduate program. So now, in the last 10 years, I'm in charge of computational science program at Seoul National University. This kind of program should be resided within mathematics department as part of applying mathematics. But because of my ability to raise funds and my public recognition, I'm still running this program. So this is taking a lot of my time running both graduate undergraduate program and computational science. So this is, I just show you some of the basic curriculums. The red here is a prerequisite. And so I teach a course called understanding of computational science and I teach Python, C++, and then I teach a very interesting course called actually a history of history and foundation of computational sciences. This is to give an opportunity to people even in social department or humanity who are afraid of mathematics. And by showing them how this thing was made, I'm trying to overcome prejudice, like it's called dummy for computational science or something like that. And I really enjoyed teaching this course because teaching also allowed me to gain greater and deeper perspective on mathematics from number theory all the way to modern day mathematics. You know, actually, at first the course was named history of mathematics, then many people's professors in mathematics department complain, how, how, why, why does professor in earth science teach our area. So I changed the name to history and foundation of computational science, but it's basically mathematics until Newton, cows and oiler. After that, I think there's a split in computational science before it's basically same as normal mathematics. So it. Oh, I basically take the book of John Steelwell. And I see a breakpoint where computational science become its own field. And this was more than 10 years ago and this was before the rush of the event of data science, as we know today. So, many people were interested in Fortran C++ because, and I used to learn from Fortran, and many people ridicule me, but you know, you still need C in Fortran, because it matters for some application that we need speed. Python and all this data science are wonderful, but they're not necessarily the best when it comes to speed. And they're very easy low level entry, but for us, you know, serious scientists. For us, the speed of computation matters and it's used in many fields, including subduction, a mental convection, plate tectonics and all this stuff. Of course, another area of high speed computing is visualization. And now comes data science. This is a late comer, but I teach these things. And I wonder how useful, how does it really help us? Well, and I also looked into I was attracted by complex phenomena. So I spent some time with my student looking at something called agent based modeling which can, which defines problem into interaction between agents. And you can define the but I quickly ran into trouble because modeling you can do with computer, but how do you know how do you measure all this parameter that comes from complex system. This was I hit a wall. Okay. So this understanding and better understanding of complex phenomena in nature and society is still a big challenge. In our computation science, we can produce whatever result we want, but the problem is that it has to fit the observation. How do you guarantee that's the prediction. That's the future. To do that you need much, much more observation and there is a reason why I keep the model simple, you know, so this was I learned the lesson. Okay. Now, I am, I started, I started programming around early 80s and start only doing it seriously when I went to graduate school in US in around 1986. And people tell me how do I keep up with this all this knowledge, you have to know to teach. And so I tell you one example of how I reinvented myself. Well, this is somewhat related with history. I'm an old school. So I've seen how the computer has developed and become a magic, I mean, more mysterious person but I think everything is. For instance, when I start programming in Fortran, I did not understand what object oriented was. It was very difficult to get my head around because I knew too much about other methods, you know, I had too much bias. Well, then I one day I realized it's, it's a very simple matter. It's about stack and heap pointer. You understand what stack and heap is and then the pointer, everything, the complexity and diversity of modern computing is nothing, you know, have you seen such calculator. When I first came to us, I found out all the students were using this HP 15 calculator. What do you mean? Perhaps no more but so the way it works is unlike Cassio or standard calculation, it use stack, which is how the computer operates. So when you want to add a time multiply three at 10 and 15 and at 10 to 15 and multiply by three. This is what it does. We usually said 10 plus 15 times and then get the result and time three but how the stack works is that you put three. You put 10, you put five and you add and then the bottom to the first two is edit and then you multiply then you get. Okay. Stack is like pancake to get to the bottom, you have to pass through all this layers on top. Now this became a problem. When you write a problem, you define variables and you stack it.  Then it's like piling up too much pancake. So what people did was that, oh, it came with an idea pointer reference. Let's just put the, put everything in the heap where there's enough memory. I mean, heap and stack is not physically just logical definition of memory but let's put it somewhere. And let's just have a small address pointing to the first part. When you start going through the pancakes, it, you don't have to flip through all those array index one by one. Okay. Then people got smarter is it all. Let's put heterogeneous data there. And so, once they did that, they said, okay, we can put, we can have a pancake that represent the start of the, that thing object and do everything in a normal way. So this small idea of pointer became larger and larger. And now, you know, when you write a program, everything that's big, like class object or heterogeneous data structure and everything is now. And the pointer and people went even further crazy and then decided to make various data type custom made data type. So once I understood this, hey, it's not very different from the standard for trend that I learned. Nothing has basically changed. Many things have changed, but I could understand that. There is a clear difference between enterprise computing and scientific computing and Google and all these big companies their enterprise computing their job is making money being successful. I can compare it to liking pure mathematics in pure mathematics, you can solve any, any problem. But for us in applied mathematics, we have to solve issues that are relevant to scientific community and society. We have to do scientific computing to apply mathematics in a sense that we have to stay on the track. I cannot just do something because it makes money. So, so I want to go tell you in the second part about the inverse theory. The inverse theory as I mentioned earlier requires a lot of data. And once you have enough data, like those generated by cell phone and our movement. Algorithm basically is more or less become same. Well, in science, we never have enough data. My experience shows, and as you all know, works very all on image telling the difference between cat and dog and object detection on images, but in earth science, there are fields like satellite image and certain areas where image processing is important. No doubt that machine learning deep learning works well, but does it apply to other areas where the situation is more complicated. I don't think so at the moment, you know, because as I will tell you later, there are some problems. Excuse me, this is Alec. My question, would you like to have a break or break will be in a few minutes. Yes, I can have a break. I can have a break now. Now, okay, wonderful. Yeah, it would be good. Yeah. Okay, very good. Then we will have a break but not very long. Please. At 10 o'clock, we will reconvene. Now it is a 955 Central European time indeed. And we will reconvene in five minutes, please. Thank you very much. It would be enough. Yes, for five minutes break. Okay.