running into Israel's international politics, having to contend with new government agreements that carve powers away from the military to give to civilian political leaders. One that lets Finance Minister Batsalo Smotrich appoint generals to the hybrid civilian military Koget Force in the West Bank. Another gives control of the military border police to Jewish power party leader and National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir. Neither civilian political leader has military experience. Alevi, on the other hand, has had a military career since 1985. He became commander of the Sayyaret Makal Recon and Special Forces Unit in 2001 and commanded Israel's Southern Command, as well as military intelligence during the 2018 and 2019 flareups with Gaza. Now we are joined in studio by two important guests, that would be the retired colonel Dr. Jack Neria, former head of assessment for the Israeli military intelligence, as well as the former foreign policy advisor to Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. But we are also joined by Neri Zilber, adjunct fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Thank you very much for joining us as we talk about the day. I want to start with you Jack, because we have to ask the big question. In with the new boss, is he going to be any different than the old boss? Well, the new boss will be definitely a continuation of the old boss because the, I mean, this is a military shake-up, if you can say, you can say, but there's no change in strategy. I mean, the biggest challenge today is, as you said earlier, is to keep the army homogeneous. I mean, and not to have three different bodies who take care of Israel's security. This, the army cannot allow that to happen. Means that if Benvir is going to be responsible of the border guards, the border guards will be put out of the out of Judea and Samaria, and the army will replace them. And the same way with the civilian administration, which is an important part of the army. And as in the past, I mean, I can recall in the past that the chief of the civilian administration was a civilian. So if, I mean, the compromise is that Smotritch will appoint a civilian, then it must, it could be something different. But as I said, the biggest challenge today is the army, how to keep it as a whole. And then, of course, the series of threats that we have, the internal threats, domestic threats with the Hamas and the possible demise of Mahmoud Abbas and what would be the future of the PA. And this is one thing. And I can imagine that in the next four years of his position, Alevi will have to face at least one outbreak of violence with Hamas. This is certainly the big question is, will there be a confrontation with Hezbollah? And how long would Iran accept the Israeli, I mean, incursions into Syria and hitting the depots and hitting the convoys without responding? And this is also a challenge. And finally, above all, is the Iranian threat, the Iranian nuclear threat that has to be taken into consideration. And the fact is that now several of our civilian leaders, military and others have expressed the fact that we are training in order to attack Iran. This has to be also on the agenda. And I actually want to go to Neri with that. I mean, you can actually, before we address that, look at the live images as the ceremony is about to begin. Just in a couple of moments now, we are going to see a changing of the guard for the head of Israel's military. And to preview that a little bit more in studio, Neri, talk to us a little bit about the Iran threat. What are the international implications? What hurdles does Israel have to clear? And for the reason as a general, what's going on here? Well, the idea of Chief of Staff will be critical in any future war planning, especially with regard to hitting the Iranian nuclear program in Iran, on Iranian soil. Clearly, there are international implications, first and foremost with regard to Israel's relationship with the U.S. Expect Herut Yalevi to continue the very close coordination that we saw in recent years, especially gearing up for these mass training drills, mock exercises, refueling midair and other such platforms and capabilities, precisely for attacking Iran's nuclear program. So that will continue the very close relationship between the IDF and the U.S. military. But also in the diplomatic sphere. We saw Aviv Kochavi on several occasions in recent years come out very strongly and publicly against any return to the Iranian nuclear deal that was a very high priority issue for the Biden administration. I expect Herut Yalevi to take a slightly different and perhaps less confrontational approach in terms of his own positions vis-à-vis any return to a deal, which we now know likely will not happen in any respect. But again, like with any shifting of the guard at the very top of the IDF, the policies for the most part continue. Policies are dictated by the government of the day. But on the margins and the nuances, there are clearly differences between each IDF chief of staff. So I expect Herut Yalevi to charge his own course relative to the outgoing now Aviv Kochavi. And on the topic of Kochavi being a bit of a hardliner, as you mentioned, he came out a couple of days ago and said that Israel has at least three contingency plans in place to strike Iran. Given that the new government is pushing the security agenda once again and Netanyahu has always been the strongest advocate against the 2015 nuclear deal and pushing for military solutions in many cases, are we likely to see any sort of advancement of these plans or is this ultimately a matter of political will rather than military capability? I think the political will is important. I think we should call it a diplomatic contact with regard to any Israeli strikes on Iran. Obviously, you'd have to get at least an orange light from Washington if Israel pulled the trigger, as it were, on any real strike inside Iran. But I believe, according to analysts here and both in America, it's an open question whether Israel has a very genuine capability right now to strike Iran's nuclear program and to cause significant damage and enough damage to set it back enough years to pay the cost of actually launching that operation and with any blowback that we might see from Hezbollah and Lebanon and other proxy groups in the region. But I believe that the IDF Chief of Staff, and we saw this with Kohavi and we see this from Bibi Netanyahu, the Prime Minister now, many instances, you at least have to project the idea outwardly and especially because of Iran that you do have that capability right now to give them some pause and some doubt with regard to the ongoing and advancing nuclear program. So they have to say it. And it's definitely a challenge with the weapons in Israel's arsenal, deep penetrating munitions, refueling planes, which Israel doesn't technically even have yet. So it's not exactly the easiest strategy. It's not exactly the easiest operation, I'll leave that for Jacques and for the professionals. But I will say, the IDF really wants various platforms like refueling planes, like deep penetration munitions, precisely because they need it to launch a credible and genuine operation against Iran. Well, my colleague here spoke about an orange light and I think that all Israel's action against Iraq or Iraq... Netanyahu is now entering as well with Kohavi and Galant. So we are about to see something begin, observe as they begin the ceremony. There are about to be speeches, ranks will be formally handed out, but first you have a presentation here of the marching band. We're going to take this live for a little bit so you can watch this. And when the speeches begin, we're going to give you a live translation. So just bear with us for a couple of moments because they're about to begin. All that does, though, let's continue with you. I mean, Israel attacked the Ozirak in Iraq without asking any permission from the United States. It's the same with the Syrian nuclear reactor built by North Korea. I think that Israel might surprise the Americans if it has... Okay, so we're going to break in here and allow them to begin. We should have live translation beginning. Okay, continue then while we wait for our live translations to begin. If Israel has the means, material means to attack Iran, it will attack without asking the Americans. But I believe that my assessment is that without any backing, logistic backing by the United States, Israel won't be able to do that. Now, there's something on this strategic level that has to be taken into consideration. In 2013, when Israel and Netanyahu considered attacking the Iranian facilities, the people around him, Chief of Mossad, Chief of Shabagh, the Chief of Staff, all were against... This is not the case today. Netanyahu is surrounded by hawkish persons like Galant, who says that Iran has to be attacked with the responsible of national security, has also a very close ear to Netanyahu and can harsh and tame attack Iran. So, and we have a Chief of Staff who will obey, will say, okay, this is the plan, this is what we can offer. So the strategic layout has changed and this is important to remember. And my next question is, while you mentioned that, Israel did not ask for American permission in previous operations. Because Israel has the quality of surprising the American administration. The ceremony of awarding ranks. This is the part where they give the incoming Chief of Staff his new ranks. And as soon as they are done with the awarding of the ranks, we are going to have the Prime Minister speak. While we wait for that to begin, I'd like to address... By the way, this is the first time in Israel history, military history, that such a ceremony is being held. Generally, it's much more modest. It happens in the office of the Prime Minister. The ranks are given by the family or by the Chief of Staff's wife and the Prime Minister.  And it has a political meaning. Tell us more about that. It means that this ceremony is going to be used or exploited by the politicians in order to give us their cradle concerning the military and the defense strategy of Israel. Which is why you have him standing up there with the Prime Minister and the former Defense Minister shaking everyone's hands in front of the camera right now. It's sort of grandstanding, as you're saying. On that note, we now have the Prime Minister not quite ascending to the podium just yet. So until he does, we will continue with our discussion. He is now awarding him the flag of the Chief of Staff. Flag of the Chief of Staff. Simply symbolic or is that... Symbolic. I mean that he has... Now he's responsible. And I'm sure as soon as he begins speaking, we're going to find out what he views as his chief responsibilities. What sort of pressure are we expecting internationally? Oh, no. Finally, we have the Prime Minister ascending to the stand to begin speaking. Defense Minister, Yav Galant, and all ministers of the government, Speaker of the Knesset and distinguished rabbis, the outgoing Chief of Staff, Aviv Kuchavi, and incoming Chief of Staff, Herzi Alevi, members of the General Staff, IDF soldiers in the past, the Kuchavi family, Alevi family, the bereaved families, and distinguished guests. Every commander in the IDF needs a thinking brain, a listening heart, and strong shoulders. There is a special strength in the shoulders because on them is the responsibility for the security of the state of Israel, on which are the ranks that represents the authority of the command. In this occasion, in which we're awarding the ranks to the incoming Chief of Staff, we all remember the privilege of operating shoulder to shoulder in securing the security in the future of the state of Israel. Aviv, your concluding over 40 years of serving the IDF, we met to conclude your operation. I thank you for your service, for your achievements, your contribution to the IDF and to the security of the state of Israel throughout these years, and of course over the past four years as the Chief of Staff, the long journey that started at a base of paratroopers is now reaching its end, one point after another, that joined to one line with a shirt full of sweat, shoes full of dust, a finger on the trigger, combating the soldier, the enemy. All of these were part of your service throughout the 40 years. Four years ago you stood here when you entered your position, and I said if we will be ready to protect our country, we may no need, not needed to operate in a wide scale operation. The IDF and the people of Israel will deal with a challenge, united together we will ensure the eternity of Israel. These things are also valid today. I don't repeat them to do a copy paste. But because this is what I believe in, in front of the threats that we're facing, particularly from the side of Iran and its proxies, we must show resilience and determination. This is what we've done over the past decade and throughout the four years in which you commanded the IDF. This is what will continue to do so, with manager relentless operation to prevent the entrenchment of Iran to deliver direct weapons to Syria operated against Iran's nuclear program and have given blows to the terror organizations that hit Israel. The Guardian of the Wall operation, one year and eight months ago, served the toughest blow Hamas has ever known. The quiet that we see on the Gaza border is a direct result of that iron fist. Our military might is an important part of our national resilience. Not necessary only for war, but also for achieving peace. In our region and elsewhere, those who seek peace and those who are ready for war will achieve peace. The fact that we're stronger with our innovation and technology and with the diplomacy and the economy brought the paths to the Abrahamal cause that we brought. A few months ago, I visited Bahrain and Morocco and I saw your meeting with the commanders of the militaries of Bahrain and Morocco. There is no better expression of Israel's new status in the region from the Arab Gulf to the Atlantic Ocean on behalf of myself and the people of Israel. Thank you for your dedicated service for the IDF and for the security of the state of Israel. Now you could spend more time with your family, nice family. You could travel the world. You could go back to old habits, playing instruments and drawing. We all wish you a great success and satisfaction for the rest of your career. With the incoming Chief of Staff, Herzl Alevi, the son of Nina's with us and Shlomo of Blast Memory, who I knew and cherished, Herzl is Herzl. And it's good that we have a Chief of Staff with that name. The story of Israel starts with the Zionist dream that Herzl promoted. Herzl wished to free us from our time outside of the countries and to stand tall and stand against those who wish to harm us. At the end of the 19th century, Herzl spoke about Jewish settlements in the state of Israel that is protected by self-defense. As we plant our roots in the homeland, we also operated to protect ourselves. And I'm always excited to see the soldiers who are born here, the new immigrants, the lone soldiers, the shine in their eyes fills my heart with pride and security. Each generation gets more from his previous generation and gives for the next generation. And you as well, Herzl, you received the, yeah, with your uncle Herzl Alevi of Blast Memory, who had fallen in the battle for Jerusalem at the Six-Day War. I remember as a Jerusalem child in time of the war, the moment of the sad news that came of his passing among the Jerusalem youth. And I remember the moment in which they told me that Herzl Alevi has fallen. The words came out of his mouth before he lost his life. You also chose to serve as a wall of protection to our country. You are the first chief of staff who was born after the Six-Day War, serving in combat and the IDF's combat units. I know one of them very well, and I'm the one who, as the commander, enabled you to embark on operations, was impressed with your dedication and attention to detail. We expect of you and we trust you that you will improve the IDF's capabilities even more in defense, in attack. You will also deal with the problems that need to be solved, restoring the forces of the ground forces, the reserves, the theft of weapons from bases, and the thing that you spoke to me about yesterday, lengthy, the fact that quality personnel is living, the military, the government will need to attend to these issues. And this will not be simple, Mr. Finance Minister. You know very well from your service that not only we advance, but also the enemy as well is getting stronger, and therefore you and the IDF will need to prepare for what's coming, not to be satisfied with what has happened so far, but to initiate changes that will prepare the IDF better for the future battlefield. I do not mean just acquiring new weapons. The equipment is important, technology is important, the tactics and strategy are important, but all of these are not to come before the person. The fighting spirit, the knowledge that we are fighting for our homes, for our homeland. This is the source of our strength. What is our goal? What is your goal? Simply decisive victory. I said earlier that Herzl is a name that comes with a meaning, and Herzl recognized their danger for our people, and he prepared a plan to ensure our existence. And today the government of Israel recognizes the danger and orders the IDF to prevent the threat to our existence. Iran is responsible for 90 percent of the problems in the Middle East. The aggression of the regime in Iran destabilizes the region and threatens to destroy us and hurt other countries that are looking up to us as the person who has the privilege of leading our strong country, our wonderful people. I say here clearly, we will not wait for the sword to be hanged on our necks. The IDF together with the Mossad, together with Shin Bet will do everything needed to return a fight to our enemies. We will not be drawn and will haven't been drawn into unnecessary wars. Hurting human lives is the prime value for us, but in day of order we will fight. There are situations in which we will need to show sacrifice to maintain our existence. You will lead the IDF in the coming years. We trust your abilities. We wish you success. And I will say to you what Moshe Dayan said to Mayor Harzion, the ranks on your shoulders, they are not decoration, but an operational ranks. Not for beauty.  Thank you very much. It was the prime minister and up next is going to defense minister Yoav Galant, ascending right now to the podium, about to, Mr. Defense Minister Yoav Galant. And that's Yoav Galant right now, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Speaker of the Knesset Amirochana, my colleagues, ministers, had outgoing head of General Staff, Chief of Staff, Harzion Levy, heads of the security establishment, bereaved families, members of the General Staff, the families of Kuchavi and Alevi, distinguished guests, the changes of Chief of Staff bring a double opportunity. The first, looking back at the previous years, remember with pride the accomplishments and show gratitude for Chief of Staff Kuchavi, who was under his command. These achievements became from vision to reality. The second is to look forward to the years ahead to set new targets, new heights, and to know that the missions ahead are in the best hands, the hands of Chief of Staff, Harzion Levy. The friends of the State of Israel and its enemies see it, rightfully, as a regional superpower with intelligence, military, technology, and financial capabilities. The IDF is a powerful military that deters, initiates, and attacks. It does not hesitate to take risks and operate strength in order to impact reality. Together with these, over the past periods, there is a great increase in the threats, the attempts of Iran with its nuclear military program at its most advanced status so far. Even the closest enemies are not quiet. The potential of deteriorating the situation in Gaza and Lebanon exists all the time, as does the possibility of an escalation in the West Bank. All of these make one thing clear. The job of the Chief of Staff is an important pull in the efforts to protect the country. This all stands on the quality of those serving and their devotion. The modern weapons that give us a relative advantage in front of an enemy, the fighting spirit and the organic possibility of the military to work as one. Those allow at the time of tests, both in war and in regular times. One important role is the unity of the command. Everyone has one commander, and above all, the Chief of Staff, the Supreme Commander, under the Defense Minister and the government. Under my job, and as the law specifies, I will make sure that the Chief of Staff, Hercie Alevi, will be able to fulfill his responsibility and that external pressures will be stopped in my office and will not reach the gates of the IDF. Aviv, the past few years were rich in accomplishments under your command. The IDF operated in Gaza, in the West Bank, in Syria, and in Lebanon. In a series of successful operations under your command, operated special operations in close and far regions. The four years that you conclude you leave a fighting military that is better prepared to the challenges we're facing at military in which you implanted new advances. You conclude four decades in uniform, all of them at the front of the battlefield, at the most challenging arenas. All of your adult life were dedicated to the safety of the State of Israel and its residents. Thank you Aviv for your career. Thank you Yael and the girls for you in this life journey. Hercie, it is seen that already in the name that you were given after your uncle, Hercie Aviv, who had fallen in Jerusalem at the Six Day War. Your faith has been tied with the deep responsibility for the security of the State of Israel. You always looked and managed to always be at the most dangerous and important points and you showed responsibility and striving for overcoming the enemy. The challenges we're facing are complex, preparing the program that will allow the government to receive any decision about blocking the Iranian efforts. I know you well, Hercie. I trust your abilities of leading the IDF. I believe that together we will manage to stand with all our missions, Sharon and the children, you, also start a new path today. And I have no doubt that you will continue to be an anchor for Hercie. Last words to you, commanders of the IDF. A change of command also bring an opportunity to grow, to renew, to spread your wings, to fly high, fulfill this opportunity for the security of the State of Israel and establishing our strength together we will succeed. Aviv, thank you and gratitude, Hercie. Congratulations. I was Yov Galant, Israel's Defense Minister. Before we go back to the presentation, we're going to address some of the comments that were just made. Actually, some interesting analysis there because it's some very public statements. Israel's military will have one command set. Nari, this seems to be a direct repudiation of many of the last few weeks, political debacles that have been in the headlines. What do we make of these statements? I think out of all that was said by the Prime Minister and all of the Defense Minister, that was the most important thing. The Defense Minister, Yov Galant, from the Likud came out very publicly and strongly just now and said that the IDF only has one commander and that there was a clear chain of command, alluding obviously to the coalition agreements that Netanyahu signed with Betsalel Smutrich, the Finance Minister, to give him controls over the military bodies that run and administer the West Bank. And also Itamar Ben-Vir, the National Security Minister, who, according to these coalition agreements, is responsible now for the border police, including the border police that operate under now IDF command in the West Bank. So remains to be seen whether Galant's very public posture at the moment will be backed up by the Prime Minister. That's an open question politically. And he said, I mean, he presented himself at the buffer zone between him and the politicians, meaning that he would fight the fight of Ertia Levy, facing Smutrich and Ben-Vir. And it's not by chance or coincidence that both the politicians, the Prime Minister and the Minister have avoided the issue of the civilian administration and, of course, of the border guard. But they have stressed the fact that there is one commander. And this is according to the law that the chief of staff only has one boss. And it is the Minister of Defense. What is more important here, we had a presentation of what is expected from this new chief of staff to face in the coming four years. And first and foremost is Iran, the threat of Iran. Because Iran comes in Lebanon, in Syria, in Iraq, in Yemen, and, of course, the nuclear effort of Iran. And he says very clearly that Israel has to prepare itself in order to offer. The army has to offer or to present the leadership, the civilian leadership, the operational solution of how to attack. How to attack. And not, I mean, if we can attack, is how to attack and the decision will be taken by the politician. I think this is the crux and the focus of what was said right now. Now, one must also remember that the four years of Kauhavi has been a revolution in the army. He has revolutionized the army and made the IDF as an iron fist. He has transformed the IDF and take years in order to understand what the changes that he had done. And I think a healthy Aleppo will continue that. It will continue that. And as the garrant says, you will go to new heights. What does it mean? More technology, more cyber warfare, more weapons from the United States. So you have to assure yourself that you have a partner in the battle and the struggle against Iran. And this is, I think, what is the next mission. And between the lines you can hear because of the public criticism that both the prime minister and garrant have stressed the importance of the personnel, of the army person. And there was criticism about the army pensions and so on and says, no, we have to continue. Otherwise, we won't have an army of quality. OK. And we're going to continue with this discussion afterwards, but we are about to have Aviv Kauhavi, the outgoing chief of staff, ascend here to give his farewell address. Prime Minister, Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, Defense Minister, Mr. Yav Galant, distinguished guest. The war has started. These two words that the neighbor told my mom are my first memory as a child in 1967. These words became an integral part of my life in the air that day was the understanding that the faith of the country is in the military. I chose a military service. Also the names on the wall of the fallen in school had an influence. The country fights for its security. And I wanted to contribute my part in a significant service. From the day I drafted until today, I continue to work to study and to be impressed by the uniqueness of the IDF. The IDF is a place of values, of deep meaning, friendship, and joint target. But above all, the IDF is the security shield that promises the existence of the country. On the day of the independence, David Ben-Gurion wrote today at four o'clock, the Jewish state was established. Its faith is in the hands of the security forces. This is also the situation today. It's to daily arrests of terrorists through destroying weapons deep in country states. This is a country that collects intelligence. It's a country that initiates and protects the people of Israel, improves its security situation and creates deterrence in the region. The victory pictures are daily. It's taking their children to the kindergarten, the parks that are full and a quiet meal on a Shabbat dinner. I've had the privilege of commanding the IDF. I reminded this to myself many times. And among within myself, I said, I'm thankful. I thank, I want to thank many. I thank all my commanders throughout the years. I've learned from all of you. I've thanked the partners at the national security offices. I thank all the security organizations that together we prove that our cooperation is a national asset. I thank the U.S. military and its central command on their cooperation. I thank member of Knesset Avigdor-Libn for the trust he's given me. I thank the prime ministers and defense minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Naftali Bennett, Yair Lapid, Joav Galant and Benny Gantz for cooperation, seriousness and responsibility. Advanced tanks and planes, many countries, many militaries have and digital they all have. And yet the IDF is leading the path in many areas. He operates in a unique way that has no similarity around the world. The main reason is the quality of the people. It is not enough to have the weapons, you need dedication and talent to operate them. When Ben Gurion said the faith of the countries in the security forces he meant, the duty of the commanders to provide the people dealing with security. The security of the state is at the top priority, the quality of the commanders. I was not alone in the burden, but now it is my time to salute. Everything we achieved was together. And every one of you that wore the IDF uniforms was immediately to me like a son or a daughter. I salute all of you, but above all I salute those that walked the path through its end. I bow my hand to the fallen and their families. I send my strength to those injured and a prayer to return those missing. I salute all the soldiers, those who investigate, fix and assist with the operation. I salute the combat soldiers for their difficult service with difficult training and difficult operations. You bullets or missiles were fired at you and you continued until you completed the mission. I salute the commanders who chose to lead to take responsibility and risks and knew that commanding a military means being responsible all the time without strict work hours, without personal time throughout the day and night, through Saturdays and holidays. I salute many who cross borders and show creativity and courage. I salute all of those that operate in a very complicated population. I salute the general staff whose operation is an expression of a deep thought and planning and work beyond what is known.  They see their children once a week, once every two weeks or every three weeks. I thank and regret for all of those who had to miss the birth of their child who were not there when their child took their first steps that had to cancel the trips they promised and were not able to attend the birthday parties. I salute all the partners of the commanders dealing by themselves with the challenges, staying by themselves on weekends and holidays.  I salute and thank you, but I remind you that, first of all, we are the ones who need to thank for the opportunity to serve in the IDF. A commander in the IDF deals with essence, with security, with education, and with values. He gives and receives, he builds and is being built. The IDF is a place for self-fulfillment, a place of truth and values, of meaning. The faith of the country is in the hands of its commanders and we cannot afford anything but the best military. Which means that it is being served by the best commanders and people. They are driven by interest, commitment, but they are rewarded. And the safety of the people of Israel is in their hands. I've had a significant service. Every day I operated out of a sense that the faith of the country is in the hands of the IDF and in my hands, how to improve the defense, how to prevent attacks and prevent threats, how to build a military that is professional and advanced. Not everything is perfect. Many things need to be improved. But our enemies should know the IDF is stronger, more adapted and with a highly important attacking method. And another mission I had is to maintain the safety of the soldiers. This is a heavy responsibility that I felt every day. And from here I would like to send my condolences to the family of Zinovayev, the responsibility and the mission. I pass on to Herzl Alevi from now on our commander, a distinguished officer, professional. And to all the citizens of Israel, you are in great hands, his and those of the general staff. I conclude a journey of 40 years in which I walked all paths, most of them challenging and bloody. This was a meaningful and fascinating journey. But it would not have been possible without the anchor that I had at home. My daughters Amit, Noam and Maya and my wife, Yael, this was a joint journey and I'm grateful to all of you. I've learned from all my teachers and from you, Yael, the most. You were a source of wisdom and strength. I was blessed, Yael. I conclude the journey with satisfaction. It had everything, successes and failures, scars and good moments, but never, but there was always an attempt to do the best. I conclude with a lot of hope because of the human quality, quality youth with motivation that becomes great commanders. The responsibility was real throughout my position and yet there were moments where that feeling got stronger. One of them was when David Leitner arrived at my office, he entered the room and tears started falling from his eyes. He came to me and said, you know, what is the meaning for a Holocaust survivor like myself to be in the office of the chief of staff of the Israeli Defense Forces? Some ask, what is the meaning? What is the value of the combat? And I give the answer of Moshe Bellinson over 100 years ago until the most enthusiasts in the enemy camp know there is no means of breaking the strength of Israel in his country. My soldiers, I say goodbye to you and I leave the combat and the security in your hands. I say goodbye to you with great appreciation and great love from the first of the soldiers to the last of the commanders. I say goodbye to the IDF that I love so much. I salute all of you and thank you for the right to command a military with a strength that never did the people, the Jewish people had before and command the most special organization in the world, the military of the people that serves the best of the people. This is goodness that also comes of the fact that the IDF unites the people and the IDF serve people with different faiths that show every day that thanks next to differences we can also have unity and friendship. Also, in days of disagreements, the shared service of all parts of the society reminds us that we are one people with one goal and one shared future. This was my part. This has been a good journey in the very good military and good to serve our country.  You will always remain my soldiers. And from here on, I am your soldier. Going Chief of Staff Aviv Kachavi and soon to ascend the podium, as we speak, is going to be the incoming Chief of Staff, Hersey Halevi, who is going to present his vision as well as his experiences in the military to date, which is a rather impressive military resume, to say the least, so that's going to begin in just a couple of seconds. Prime Minister of Israel, Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, Defense Minister Yav Galant, distinguished. I received today the command on the Israeli Defense Forces, the shield of the state of Israel and its citizens. When I drafted as a young boy, I did not plan such a long journey. Coming back at every position I have served in this 37 years of my service had a contribution to this moment in which I received the honor to command the IDF. From childhood, I was brought up on the serving values and the love of the country, the people and the land and the home of my parents, Sholomo of blessed memory, and Alina, my mom and my teacher, I was educated to be a servant of. I walked through the paths of this country as a boy and as a commander, the light of a Jewish community, for those looking afar when coming back, spark emotions of faith. The return with missing lines is engraved in the mold of every commander, knowing that initiative and risk are an necessity for the oath of maintaining the security of the state. The price of the risk pay the bereaved families. Some of them are here, people who lost their loved ones, the most precious of all, and I'm with them for many years. The bereaved families, those who are injured with body and soul, the missing and the captives and their families, you are the reminder of the responsibility that is on our shoulders. We will stand beside you always. Unfortunately, also in the past few days, new names have been included in the list of the idea fallen. We share the grief of the families and are committed to do everything that is, we're able to prevent and learn from these. In the 75 years of our independence, we've turned from a country that is surrounded by enemies to a country that surrounds its enemies with its strength and abilities. But we still have major threats around us from the problem of Iran, that Iran has a decisive responsibility preparing to solve it through the northern border and the Gaza Strip and the challenges of the West Bank. Our response to the threats is with our security advantage, with our advanced abilities, that our enemies know what we say we also know how to do and who are willing to do much beyond what we're saying. Three factors set the result in a war. Your knowledge about your enemies, the strength that you have, the abilities and above all the quality of people that you have. In this spirit, we will continue to build the IDF as a quality modern military that nurtures the best of its people, operates in a rich knowledge space that connects the knowledge to the attack abilities and the maneuver abilities into one great strength. The response is also relied on the national resilience. The IDF is part of the Zionist operation, the protective shield and one of the engines of building the country and the people. Each of the young boys and girls that join the IDF comes out as an adult that contributes to the society, to the economy and each of them strengthens the bond between the people and the military, a bond that is the essence of our military and national might. The 32nd Chief of Staff has just started his military officer's course. We don't know who he is, but it's our duty as commanders to set at the start of the way the best. Without them, it will be difficult to fix what will not be achieved from the very get-go, value people, wise and brave. We do not know who are his parents, but we know that he could come from all parts of the Israeli society. The uniqueness of the IDF is that it was and still is a mosaic of the Israeli society. Also to my family has sources all over the world. The parents of Sharon, my wife, Aliyah and Abraham, I came to Israel from Kazablanca. The parents of my father, Shlomo came from Russia. And my mother, Lina, is the 14th generation in the old city of Jerusalem. The state of Israel is a home to the entire Jewish nation under its roof, a place and a right for everyone that accepts its burden and is willing to sacrifice for it. I do not know who the 32nd Chief of Staff will be, but I'm certain that if you will have values and professionalism, if you will know to lead the command, then everyone will follow without asking where he came from. As a Jerusalem boy in the religious scouts, Masuot, Willit, Fire, and we called Birom prepared. Today, with modesty, I'm willing to take my place in the chain of the Chief of Staff that came before me. Each of them has a place in the history of the state of Israel. And I'll mention two of them today. At the start of the 50th year to the Yom Kippur War, I wish to mention Chief of Staff David al-Azhar Dadu that commanded the IDF in one of its toughest tests. Dadu did not choose the time, but he was able to do its test, to deal with its test. Thank you, Mr. Chief of Staff Aviv Kochavi, for the years that you commanded over me, the years that I was your colleague. I learned from you a lot, and I can testify that in every moment of your 40 years of service, and particularly in the last four, you did the best for one important goal, the security of the country. What you have built, we will maintain, we'll strengthen, we'll develop, and where we need to, we will also change. As part of the chain of the building of the IDF, I accept the command, knowing that I have who to share this great mission with. My friends of the General Staff, together we grew and developed, together we'll continue and build. Commanders of the IDF, soldiers, you are the most special component of this wonderful organization. With you we'll continue to build and change, we'll prepare the IDF for war in front of close and far regions, we will expand the quality drafting of the IDF from all parts of the population, we'll strengthen the reserves, and we'll maintain the IDF as one with values and professionalism that has no other considerations by security. Our partners in the intelligence and defense community, the secret of our strength is by cooperating, sharing information and knowledge. Commanders, we will do as we believe, and even if we are wrong, we will learn and look up, because learning is the only comfort of those who are mistaken. It is the basis of a great IDF. In Shabbat, the Jewish people moved from the Genesis to Shemot, from a story of a family to a story of a nation, the nation rose up and with him the threat. In front of the threat, Moshe becomes a leader, and what he does when he exits Pharaoh's palace to teach us three simple things about leadership, we'll see his suffering, a good commander feels the common faith with his people. Moshe also initiates and operates against those who delivers a blow to his people, and Moshe also distinguishes between good and bad and separates between two who fight within his people. I wish us, the commanders of the IDF, that we will know how to fulfill these with courage and modesty. And finally, I would wish to thank the Prime Minister, Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, to the Defense Minister, Mr. Yav Galant, that have just given me my ranks, and the Chief of Staff in Reserves, Benny Gantz, who chose me out of three good candidates. Thank you all for your trust. The decisions of the government are light, and we will operate to their days and nights. Thanks to my father of blessed memory, to my mom, to my brothers, to my sister, to my wide family and to my friends. I thank, from the depth of my heart, to my children, Cleel, Leah, Itai and Joav, you are my pride, an engine of my operation, and a place of comfort and calm for me. You are better than one, and therefore, a man would buy me a friend and marry a wife. You are both of them, Sharon. Both of them I find you. Thank you for the past and future meeting here today. Bless the State of Israel. This is how the prayer for the security of the country starts. I am moved to be part of the heads of the country, its ministers and advisors, and promised to be a quality partner and strengthen the defenders of our beloved country. Thank you. That was the new Chief of Staff, Herzl Halevi, and we're going to come back to our panel here to discuss what was just said. We had a very conciliatory note, but also some notable statements, both of the former and now new Chief of Staff focusing on the universality of the draft for starters, which is something that might run afoul of some elements of the religious wings of the coalition. What do we read into some of the statements that were made by both of them? I think both the outgoing Guhavi and the incoming Halevi were very, what they say here, Mamlachti, very statesmen-like, trying to place, as you said, the IDF and the military above any partisan politics and all the speculations that we're ongoing now and obviously ongoing and will continue to be ongoing. I think they all said the right things, the exact right things, as should be expected by military officers. Again, I think the most interesting thing to come out of the ceremony was Defense Minister Joav Galant saying that there was only one commander for the IDF, the Chief of Staff, that he was beholden to only one minister, the Defense Minister, and that Galant as Defense Minister would be a buffer between the army and the politicians. Again, like I said earlier, it remains to be seen how that plays out politically. As they say in the military, the enemy also has a vote. Smotrich and Ben Vier, the ministers that may have controls over various aspects of military operations and administration in the West Bank, will also have a vote politically. They will pressure likely the Prime Minister to uphold the coalition agreements that he signed with them just a few weeks ago. Well, I can summarize the whole ceremony by one sentence. Israel is preparing for war against Iran. This is what transpires from all the presentations, from all the speeches. We have to prepare to meet our biggest enemy. The biggest threat today is Iran, and we have to prepare so. In the four years to come, we might see at least three confrontations. One with Hamas and Jihad, the Islamic Jihad, one in Gaza and the West Bank, one with Hezbollah and of course Iran. This is in my view what has been presented to the people and the people of Israel and say this is what we have to prepare for. And we, the government, have already taken the decision to fight Iran. Please give us now how to do it. This is what I hear from those speeches. It seems that core to that is Israel has been modernizing its military under that program begun under Kochavi that restructuring these new investments into high-tech. What sort of restructuring have we seen over the past four years? What sort of restructuring and what sort of investments are we expecting to see over the coming four years? Well, there was first and foremost a revolution in intelligence and in cyber warfare. These are two elements that today command the actions of the IDF. And this is what has been referred to by Herzli Alevi. This is what we have to modernize to continue improving our intelligence capacities because if we have the good intelligence or the best intelligence, then we can aim exactly at the point where it can hurt the enemy. This is one thing that Kochavi has begun from, let's say, when he was the chief of the military intelligence, from an intelligence apparatus that used to give assessments concerning politics, funding policies and so on. He turned this body into a very operational body, only condensed, and I would say focused on targeting. This is the most important thing that has been done, and this is the beginning of a second revolution because we haven't reached the end of it. And we haven't reached also the means that we today have means that we didn't have years ago. And I think that this has to be completed. The Prime Minister has signaled the fact that we need more money in order to develop such capacities. And this is what's going to be right now in the next four years. Simultaneously, Iran, the enemy in the room, gets the vote as well. And we have seen them massively modernizing their forces as well, building a drone force that would make them a regional power and renders many contemporary air forces virtually obsolete next to it. What sort of threats are on the table that Israel is going to have to counter? Well, you mentioned the drones, so that's a clear and present danger. Although the IDF, out of all the militaries in the world, is fairly well experienced with both spotting and downing drones, we're seeing that now in the Ukraine war as well, Iranian drones deployed by Russia. Missiles and artillery rockets, especially precision-guided missiles, that's a major concern, perhaps a strategic game-changer, especially when it falls into the hands or developed by Hezbollah in Lebanon. Also ballistic missiles coming from Iran in any kind of future war scenario, it's not just Hezbollah and Lebanon firing on Israel, or perhaps Hamas and Islamic jihad from Gaza firing on Israel. It also might be direct fire from Iran with heavier ballistic missiles that can take down apartment blocks, so on and so forth, as well as I think the overall terror slash militia slash proxy threat. Iran for several years now has been developing these various proxies all around the Middle East, whether it's Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Syrian Shi'ite militias inside Syria, the Palestinian groups, whether in the West Bank or Gaza, groups in Iraq and Yemen, that's also a regional threat. But again, I think overall in terms of military operations and even overall Middle East strategy, Israel has been pushing back against Iran fairly effectively. Fairly effectively the campaign between the wars targeting Iranian assets in Syria and beyond Syria for now several years all across the region has been ongoing. Well, can you under Kochavi and under now returning Prime Minister Benjamin Hanyahu, to my mind the real threat, the more immediate threat is the Palestinian arena. We're seeing now an escalation in the West Bank ongoing since last March. Hamas in Gaza and Islamic jihad in Gaza always a present danger for an eruption and escalation there. And again, how that ties back into Israeli politics, very concerning for me. Well, you know, next Thursday, Nasrallah, the Secretary General of Hezbollah is going to give again a speech. And I imagine that he will he will talk about the the speeches that he heard on the on the Israeli TV. And I think that he will continue to threaten by saying that you don't you don't frighten me. And we know that Hezbollah has a plan of invading villages on the border by units called the Radoan units, the commander units of Hezbollah. And together with a missile missile threat, hitting sensitive strategic target inside Israel. This is one of the main aims that Israel has to counter, be it with the Iron Dawn, be it with the with the sling, the David sling, be it with the laser dawn, the new laser dawn. And I think that a combination of missiles and drones and units trying to invade Israel territory. This is the from the Lebanese border and from the Syrian one with the with the proxies that are in Syria, the Pakistanis and the Afghans that are there, the militias that are that depend on Iran. And this is this is this Israel has to contain and to overcome. And this is something immediate. And as my colleague here said, the further you go, the heavier the missiles become. If they are fired from from Iraq, or if they are fired from from Iran, Israel has to develop a capacity of intercepting them already in mid in mid trade itinerary trajectory and and try to neutralize the threat. This has, of course, again, depends on heavy intelligence, cultural intelligence and then, of course, means how to counter. Yes, and we only have about a minute left, I guess. The big question is with all the threats that are currently facing Israel today, are we expecting any serious intervention from the political crisis that seems to be threatening the military right now? You know, this is a political question, but I mean, I can only deal from the security point of view.  And I think that in times of worry, in times of worry and of crisis, I think that everybody will will listen to what the army has to say. Okay, it's definitely reassuring message that it seems that all the military leadership has been on the same page and that Israel has been modernizing and preparing for the new threats that the new era is bringing. Thank both of you for being in studio to help break that all down and stick with us at the top of each hour for breaking news updates from around the region and from around the world. Only here on I-24 News. East is changing. Old alliances make way for new partnerships. Bigger threats lead to new relationships and shared goals mean new opportunities. We speak to those who know the inside story. Or those who are at the heart of the changes. Don't get caught up with the same old story. Find out what's happening in Middle East now. Middle East style every weekday on I-24 News. Imagine being able to see into the future. What innovations will change the world as we know it? Join us as we meet the people changing our planet and discover the inventions shaping tomorrow. Israel Business Beat, Sundays and Wednesdays, 9.30 PM GMT. We're on the inside of political and religious passions in Jerusalem. Breaking down the financial trends shaping the global economy, giving you key context, not just headlines. With the stories from Israel that touch the US and those across the region with impact far beyond its borders. Sunday to Thursday on I-24 News. Catch the run bit where the Middle East meets the world. Sometimes it's tough to get past all the noise and get to the heart of the story. Even tougher to make sense of it all.


Hi everybody and welcome to this week's video. I'm going to be talking about my trip to Dublin last week where I spent about four to five days in the city. Day one, we arrived into Dublin to the city center. It was pouring rain, but we weren't going to let that stop us from having a nice day. So we first went to the famous, I'm going to mess this up, all the Irish people are going to come for me, hop, hop penny, hop penny, hop penny. I don't know. We took some hilarious pictures. It was ridiculously windy that day. This is my new LinkedIn profile pic. I think that it just, um, I think I look very like naturally windblown and it's great. So after we saw the bridge, the rain really started to come down. So we decided to check out the National Gallery of Ireland. This was absolutely one of the most beautiful art museums I have been in. They had some modern art and others dating all the way back to the 1600s. They had things from like Impressionist art to Picasso. And we definitely saw some rooms with just Irish artists too. Our second day started at Alma for Breakfast in Portobello. We both ordered their Dulce de Leche pancakes and they were, they were so good. I could cry. I could cry right now thinking about how I will probably never eat them again unless they go back to Dublin. But that probably, I don't know when that's going to be. I'll cry. Um, and I would highly recommend staying in this area. There were so many good restaurants and we always felt safe as two female travelers. I am also going to list some of the best places we ate down below. So make sure to check that out if you are planning a trip. We then walked to the Dart Station near Trinity College and took the train to Houth. This was a really fun day. Houth was so beautiful and is well known for the cliff walk that takes you along the coast. We also stopped for dinner to get some fish and chips because it's classic. So we started day three by popping into the last bookshop in Portobello. This vintage bookstore was so charming in a funny way because let me tell you I have never seen a more disorganized bookshop. My friend Teresa, who I was traveling with, she swore that she saw just a bag, like a shopping bag just like tossed on the floor full of books. Like the guy definitely like got a donation of books and was just like, you know what? I give up and just like put it on the floor. We absolutely loved it. It was just kind of funny and charming and I actually ended up getting a book while I was there. The shopping in Dublin was awesome and I spent way too much money so stayed to the end for a haul. Then we hopped over to the George Street arcade Drury Street and finally the Temple Bar area for a day of shopping and gelato. This place was the best. I think it was called 320 Gelato and they melted like marshmallow. They like took a torch to the marshmallow on top. It was the best thing I'd ever eaten besides the pancakes. We did a lot of eating. It was it was great. This was one of the busiest days for us because that afternoon we had book tickets to the Book of Kells on Trinity's campus. This was a really cool thing to see and I'm glad we did it. But fair warning, it's a very small exhibit. Very cool. You know, you kind of like look at the book. It was cool. That's that's all I'm gonna say about that. Then that night we were out just looking for something to do or see. The Temple Bar area is very lively. A lot of pubs were playing live music and we actually ended up going to a comedy show last minute so there is definitely plenty to do in that area. On day four the weather was pretty rough again so we spur the moment decided to go to the Guinness Storehouse. This is probably one of the biggest tourist attractions in Dublin but if I'm being honest I'm not really a beer person so we weren't really we weren't really planning on doing this to begin with but because the weather was so bad we were like let's check it out. I'm so sorry for all the Irish people that I have offended. However, I will say that this ended up being one of my favorite things that we did the whole trip and I really mean that genuinely. The exhibit itself was really cool and interactive and it's not a very dense museum but it's a super cool building. Lots of different things to see. Like there was like a waterfall thing, lots of lights. They tell you how it's done and we actually got a tasting of Guinness with a guide and they give it to us in these little tiny pints. I love the little tiny pints and I want them to be protected forever because they are so cute and I think that that is all I have to say on that. We're going to do a toast to our good amount of sugar. I'm going to count the tree and we're all going to say the Irish word for a cheer is which of course is slantcha. So and then at the top of the building there is a 360 degree glass view of Dublin and you get to enjoy a pint if you are of age. This was just so cool sitting up there. You can really see the city. You can walk around the whole entire bar and there you can literally see all of Dublin. This was the best part and the next day we did fly back to Edinburgh. Overall we just had a really really nice time. So now it is time to just show you what I got because that's fun, right? I don't know. Do you care? Probably not. So in the last bookshop I actually ended up getting a book from the 1800s. I got this for like four pounds I think. It is in addition of a Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens and I just found it like on the floor in a pile. I'm like look at this. That's like a real old book. Like I'm dead. I don't know. It's so cool. I just I think some I think maybe somebody else would be like why did you buy that? I don't know. I think it's I think it's like it's kind of fun and I love Christmas and I love ghost stories and I love this play and I've never actually read the book of it before. So now I got to do that and it's old. Okay next thing I got was from the Guinness Storehouse. Should I make this online? Okay what they do is they give you a pint at the top okay and then they send you downstairs to the gift shop. Um everybody got a Christmas present but yeah so I got myself this shirt and I think it's really cute. I don't know. I probably will never drink Guinness again because maybe that makes me a poser but like I've been there. You know what I mean? It's like I'm like not a poser because it's like it will remind me of that day and we had a lot of fun that day.  This t-shirt will just forever remind me of that day. Next thing I got this is I don't know people think the system. So there was a store on Drury Street called the Irish Design Exchange. I always admire my family's like socks because something about like the socks that they used to make they just don't make socks like that anymore and I found these socks and I was like that those look like like socks from the olden days not the olden days but like the 80s you know what I mean? Like where did all those socks go? So I found this pair of wool socks. They're the best things that I've ever had in my whole entire life. To wash them I think you have to put them either give to hand wash them and I haven't done that yet but I've only been wearing them like in my dorm room and they're yeah they're fine. Like when my feet are fresh I should like pop them here. I don't know should I be telling you all this? But I just think that these socks are amazing.  Ireland. Next thing I got was actually this sweater and one of the biggest things that when I came to Edinburgh that I really wanted was like a good cable and sweater that I was gonna like you know spend a little dough on spend a little money because I really haven't bought that many like souvenirs since I've been here but so I got this at the Aaron's Sweater Store A-R-A-N and this is like a big thing in Ireland to get if you're a tourist. It's very warm and I liked it because it was blue. I like blue things and yeah I have not taken it off. It's so comfortable. This is just I'm gonna live in this from now on. The next thing I got was actually from a vintage store called Nine Crows. This store was awesome. This is probably one of my favorite vintage stores I've ever been in. Definitely a little more on the pricier side of vintage but most items I found were very like well worn so I was looking on their website and it sounds like a lot of what they had in stock was things that were previously owned but a lot of like back stock from clothing companies. I got this sweater and it's in really good condition for a vintage sweater like there's no rips there's no tears and it is just so comfortable and I'm I'm glad yeah I like it. I don't know what I'm glad I found it. Yep I think that's what I was trying to say. I have no idea. Another like wool sweater but I didn't pay like like I did get this you know nice one for a little more money but this one was still in very good condition and it will last me um a very long time but the price of like a vintage sweater and like I get the perk of like saying like oh look okay it's vintage you know what I mean like that's that's the takeaway. And then also at Nine Crows I found the perfect leather jacket I'm obsessed with it. It is so soft there's absolutely nothing wrong with it. I found looking for leather jackets in Edinburgh like a lot of the times in a vintage store they'll have like rips or tears or like marks on them and this one is just pretty like flawless I would say and it had pockets and it fit me decently so what that is really what happened. All right well if you made it all the way to the end thank you so much for watching and subscribe because I post new videos every Friday and give it a like if you liked it and comment down below if you've ever been to Ireland and things that you would like to do. Also if you're going make sure to check out the food things that I've suggested down below because I promise you they're all gonna be good and you're gonna be like wow I'm so glad that I looked those up so


To some psychologists, dreams aren't that magical. They're simply a product of our brainwave activity when sleeping. However, other psychologists, such as Sigmund Freud, the founding father of psychoanalysis, and Carl Jung, an early supporter of Freud's theories about the unconscious, believe that dreams come from a deep well within our psyches where we store all our unconscious fears and desires. Whether you agree with Freud, Jung, or other dream experts, delving into the mysteries of dreams is undeniably fun and fascinating. Here are 7 types of dreams. 1. Nightmares Have you ever woken up, thoroughly relieved that your dream wasn't real? Nightmares can haunt us if we believe our fears are greater than our power to overcome them. For example, if you have anxiety or depression, you're prone to having more nightmares than pleasant dreams. Researchers have also discovered that those who have frequent nightmares are often suicidal, struggle with trauma from toxic relationships, or have a family history of mental disorders. 2. Lucid Dreams Have you ever been aware that you're dreaming while dreaming? Since you're in control, it can make your dream a lot more interesting. You can take advantage of the situation and do exciting things you wouldn't be able to do in real life, be it flying on a broomstick or catching a shooting star. Lucid dreaming allows you to experience the impossible. 3. Healing Dreams Healing dreams offer insight into your health. I often used to dream about being in grimy bathrooms. Looking back, I think those dreams were a reminder to look after myself better. Now that I began a healthier diet and started to exercise more, those dreams have reduced significantly. Often, our problems manifest themselves in our dream settings. So, pay close attention to your surroundings the next time you dream. 4. Recurring Dreams Do you ever repeat the same dreams over and over again? Recurring dreams try to communicate something important that we're ignoring or somehow failing to notice. To understand them better, try to be more observant the next time it occurs. Paying attention to any overlapping themes and the actions you take will help break the cycle in both your dreams and reality. 5. Physiological Dreams Physiological dreams show us what our bodies are lacking. For instance, dreaming about drinking water might indicate that you're dehydrated. Physiological dreams are often pretty straightforward and easy to interpret upon waking up. When you're not meeting your body's most basic needs, it will communicate that through physiological dreams. 6. Psychic Dreams These dreams are also known as prophetic dreams.  As a child, I would get these dreams a lot. I believed I had access to a world no one knew about. But as I got older, they became less frequent. Some dream experts believe that our minds can sense what is going to happen before actually making sense of the information. 7. Epic Dreams Epic dreams are the life-changing dreams we have that help us go through big transformations. Oftentimes, these dreams affect us deeply and we vividly remember the details. I had one recently where I dreamt of my best friend who had passed away. He acted like his usual, goofy self and I realized he came to say goodbye. Deep down, I think I wanted closure. We meant to hang out one day, but he had an unexpected visitor that postponed our plans. I never did get to see him again. As a matter of fact, he's the reason I had the courage to pursue this career. Lately, I've been facing tremendous changes in my life, so it's been overwhelming. But seeing him again in my dream reminded me to keep pushing. I hope you have the courage to go through epic transformations too. What kind of dreams do you normally have? If you have a special topic request you'd like us to explore next, let us know below. Be sure to subscribe to our channel as well for more helpful tips and share this video with others. With your help, we can reach more people to spread awareness on the mind and mental health issues. Thanks so much for watching!


HTML block An HTML block is a customizable block, allowing you to add images, text, links or even embedded code or widgets to blocks at the side of your course. You don't need to understand HTML code to use it. You can add more than one block, as you see here, where we have, for instance, an image of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris which links to a website of Paris Tourism and we have tweets from a Twitter hashtag. To add a block, we go to the gear menu top right and turn on the editing. And then, from the add block link in the nav drawer, we choose the block we want, HTML block. Let's add an image and link to that image. So when the block is added, we need to configure the new HTML block by clicking the gear icon. We give it a title, I'm going to call it Bonjour, and then, in the content, we add the image we want. I already have a public domain image of the Arc de Triomphe on my desktop, so I'm simply going to drag it in. Note the text editor I'm using is Moodle's Atto editor. If you are using a different editor, such as TinyMCE, you won't be able to drag and drop your image in. You can change this from your user menu preferences. We could simply save it and display it now, but we're going to link this image to a Paris Tourism website. So if we select the image and then click the link icon, we can then paste in the URL of the Paris Tourism website, which we will have already found and copied in another tab. When we save the changes, we will see the images there and it's linked to the website. And that is how you add HTML blocks. But optionally, if you would like to try something more challenging, you don't have to, but let's try adding tweets from a Twitter hashtag. How about Learn French, as this is Sam's course, our teacher. For this, we need to expand the editor and click on the HTML code link because we're going to embed some code from Twitter. We then need to go to the settings of our own Twitter account and then choose Widgets and then Create New and Search. We type in the hashtag we want with any customisations and then click Create Widget. This then produces some code we can copy and paste back in the Atto editor. It doesn't matter if we don't know what it actually means. We go back to our editor, paste in the code, save and there we have, along with our image HTML block, a Twitter block with the tweets from the hashtag.


What's up guys? Welcome to Rotorite. I'm Alex Vanover. I'm Joshua Bardwell. And I'm Lijerib. And today we are doing the FPV Trictionary 2020 edition. We're gonna be going over all basically the tricks that are out there from the simple ones all the way to the most advanced ones. What we primarily do here on Rotorite is FPV Freestyle where we are doing tricks. And this is a challenge that has been solved in other disciplines like skateboarding, figure skating, BMX. You got a thing and it's moving through space. And we have to just come up with names and there's an infinite way to make it move through space. So there's always going to be some controversy. Let's get this out of the way. These are our takes on it. If you know a trick by a different name, argue about it in the comments because it's good for our engagement. Or don't. So the first section of tricks we'll call these the basics. The roll and the barrel roll. You know, I would call a roll where you just flip the quad along the roll axis. And a barrel roll where you're using power to actually spiral a helix. And the next would be a flip slash loop. Typically we do a power loop or a loop is where we're going how like let's say behind an object below an object. And we go back over top the object like this. We're usually if we're doing a flip it's either an open space or we're trying to do a flip between two gaps. Roll and pitch. So now the yaw. I don't think you really have that same thing. With pitch and roll. With a yaw spin if you spin fast you just spin in place and keep going.  Essentially that's how you can use all three axes. Technically that's it. Those are the only three tricks in a sense. Everything else from then on is a combination of those or partial combinations. So there's a certain number that have become iconic that do have names. And that's what we are going to go through the most common ones. I think that there are tricks that you can do like in open space. And tricks that require like an object to work off of. You have to interact with the environment. Let's start with tricks that you do in empty space. For example a Rubik's Cube. A Rubik's Cube is I think most people would agree that it is a half flip forward. And then a 360 roll and a half flip forward to come out. Some people would put those together in a different order but basically that's a Rubik's Cube. It's a half flip, a full roll and then a half flip whether it's backwards or forwards. I'd say another very famous combination trick, the inverted yaw spin. I think this one's a little more self-explanatory. You know what's interesting about this to me is that that is actually one of the hardest moves to master. Vic FPV is one of the best at it. So good at it. But it's actually a really simple move to describe. Just turn over and yaw spin and turn back over. I think that goes for a lot of the tricks that we're going to be talking about later because there is a lot of style to it. It sounds easy on paper but the way you do it is actually very difficult sometimes. One of the tricks that I love personally that we haven't talked about yet is the Juicy Flick. Now what is a Juicy Flick barbell? Well it's interesting because I thought I knew what a Juicy Flick was but then Willie did a tutorial about Juicy Flicks. Well we are deciding today. We are deciding today. When you are going forward and you really aggressively flip upside down you want to have some look back where you're moving that way and then zoom roll out of it. This is getting to the type of trick where it's now getting into the nuance of the way that you're doing it. So you want to be very fast on the pitch axis, slower on the roll. That's the Juicy Flick. Hold it and then kind of yaw.  You're still coasting. So one of the moves you referenced is a stall. And there's various ways you can do a stall but what makes a stall is that you're going to freeze the quad and let it drop. I first saw Johnny FPV do him really well. He'll be under tree canopy and he'll go up, kiss the tree canopy and then just fall and it's so hard to control.  And also without drifting backwards like this. And I've also seen Skitso do it where he'll go knife edge and drop perfectly down. And I would call that a stall or a knife edge stall. This is one of my favorite moves because I like any move where you end up going backwards.  I don't know if there's another name people have for it but in my head that's what I call it.  Oh yes, I love that trick. And it's even more fun if there's like a tree canopy so you're looking up at the tree canopy and then you're going out of it. So for tricks where you are combining the different axes together I think that those are kind of the most common ones as far as what can be done in the open air again. Well a lot of these just don't really have a set name. Take it as a challenge. If you think that there's a particular combination of moves make it popular and the name will stick. Actually you've been trying to get something to stick. That's the Vanny Roll. It is the Vanny Roll. Do you want to cover this in the trick theory? Of course I want to cover this trick theory. So one more in the section. What's the Vanny Roll? Well the Vanny Roll is kind of one of those moves. I like to do it through an object but I think I also do it mostly in open space. The Vanny Roll is essentially where you need to get the quad going with a lot of backwards momentum. So you sling the quad so it's going backwards like this and then you do a roll and the goal of the roll is to try and do it as low to the ground as possible and by the time you exit that roll you are just like skimming the ground and you're still traveling backwards and then you fly out of it in whatever way shape or form. A lot of these tricks come down to the style that you do it so anyone can argue that they can just turn a quad backwards and do a roll. It's about carrying momentum as you're flying the quad backwards and then doing the roll and putting a little bit of personal style of flavor on it. It's going in the trick-tionary. It's going in the trick-tionary.  So this next section, these are tricks where you really have to interact with the environment and I think this is the most fun part of FPV. That's what makes FPV so special. It's like skateboarding. You're going to spots and trying to interact with different obstacles and one of the first things that you'll start doing is hitting gaps. Trying to fly through stuff. Just fly through a gap in an object. Can't do that without an object. And a lot of the tricks that we've mentioned it's fun to try and do them through a gap. So as you go through the gap you want to do a roll or you want to do a Rubik's Cube if you're really going for it. Some gaps are going to be really narrow. Finding different ways to go through the gaps like you said but a particular way that stands out is the knife edge gap. You're just knife edge stalling through a gap. The best ones are the ones where the quad is I mean it's always cool but the best ones are the ones where the quads would not fit unless you turn it sideways. Because that really ups the degree of difficulty. I got this one in Puerto Rico I was really proud of. It was like just... So this next trick is a power loop because to call it a power loop they're going to expect you to go under something loop around it and back under a thing. So one of the tricks that we haven't talked about is kind of a mixture of that yaw and roll axis is an orbit. An orbit is essentially where you have an object it's a tree or a pole and you're just orbiting flying around that object in 360 degrees. I think it's kind of a more simple maneuver I think most pilots can pick this one up pretty quickly but it's something that looks really cool if you're orbiting an object that is really cool. The key is that you're facing into the object and holding the object in basically the same place on your screen while you circle around it. I think one of the most famous people to do orbits has to be Mr. Steele. I mean we got to give credit to him. I mean in all of his videos he's just kind of the king of orbits he's just orbiting around objects he's really good at keeping his distance between the object the same as he goes around it. He definitely made that trick iconic. Next trick, Split S. This is one of the most basic tricks and it's probably the first freestyle trick that a lot of pilots learn and Split S can be done in open space it's a basic aerobatic maneuver for changing direction whereas you fly forward you roll 180 and then you pitch back to come out going the opposite direction that you came in but usually when freestyle pilots do a Split S they'll be going over an object like a tree the best Split S in my opinion is when you turn upside down before you approach the object you let your momentum carry you over it while you're looking down at it and then you come back around underneath it the other direction.  Yeah. Skidso was the first person I think many people saw to be doing like anti-gravity it was the title of the video he was just going over the trees and I mean that was the first time I ever saw a quad just like skimming the trees. Skidso's Split S is what made me want to like commit to have PV freestyle I was messing around with all sorts of RC stuff I thought the fpv quads were fine but I wasn't really hooked on them until I saw Skidso doing that stuff oh that's what I want that's awesome. Now the other variant of the Split S which is again from aerobatics it's very popular but we don't do it as much in freestyle is the emelman and in the emelman you're going to climb and pitch back and then roll out. My favorite way to do an emelman is when you've got multiple floors of something like a parking lot or a bandeau and I like to just shoot out one window it's so hard. Power loop up and if you can timer set as you're about to power loop into the other window that's when you do the roll that's my favorite way. If you've ever tried to do a power loop over a tree and halfway into it you realize you haven't got it and you've got oh s*** it bailed out you just need an emelman you just learn something. So the Maddie Flip this is where things are starting to get pretty advanced. I remember I had fantasized about this trick and I had just convinced myself it couldn't be done. It couldn't be done or something I mean how cool would it be What is a Maddie Flip? So Maddie Flip is where you would go over an object pitch forward keep pitching forward apply power and end up thrusting backwards under the object it's essentially the antithesis of a power loop. It's called a Maddie Flip because it was first done by Maddie Durant. Another trick that I think Maddie was definitely the first guy I saw do it it came from his ultra ultra high up tilt style is what he called the Cyclone other people I did you know there's I learned this trick and I called it a Trippie Spin I just thought that was an appropriate name I was just banging out logs and I was like this is a Trippie Spin I mentioned in my video that it was him that inspired me to do I just did another trick name I didn't really know there was a name I was like this is a Trippie Spin it's almost impossible the first time you see it to understand what the quad is doing it's a trick that I had to use the simulator just to figure out what am I supposed to do with my thumbs here so we've kind of talked about tricks and everything but let's talk more about ones you need objects for dives I want to talk about dives without an object to dive I mean you could kind of dive from going up towards the ground I guess but the best way to do a dive is to like dive through something whether that's like a gravity gate or whether that's five stories of concrete and Croatia or to do a dive or along a wall or something I mean I think dives are relatively easy in terms of what you're doing on the controls but they can be really really difficult and challenging if you think about it it's just a nose down stall but when your quad's straight down like this your propellers when you're at idle are still pulling you forward so if you're going through a really tight object for a long distance the quad's going to start doing this so you have to end up rolling it to keep it inside the dive for long dives you'll often see doing a dive that's what I did with my Croatian dive one of the most fun things you can do dive gaps are the most fun there's another move that's like a dive like a building dive which is the backwards wall ride let's start with the forwards wall riding again you're playing with the wall but rather than diving down it like it's very I love this trick because it's very it's very skateboardy yeah something that I got a half pipe right and then then there's variants on it you could do the reverse wall ride the reverse wall Johnny F.P.V. we got to show the famous half Johnny F.P.V. wall ride clip there have been many reverse wall rides but none quite so amazing is the one that Johnny did run along that glass building it was so beautiful just rocketed right off the edge can we point out that that was in 2018 too two years ago now at the time for like the quads and stuff that we're flying that's a really hard trick to do so backwards dive I think we got a hand this one to Cricket so a lot of the tricks that we've been talking about you could do backwards and it essentially doubles the doubles the list but you notice we're not mentioning all of these because there are only certain ones that I think have really become really like notable backwards dive backwards dive he'll line up the gap and he'll come and he'll down through it do an art he can go through two, three gaps don't hold it going down a wall of gap this is another one where when he first did it I was like that's luck and then he just kept doing it and I was like oh that's skill alright so the final category that we're going to go into here contact where you're intentionally contacting the object and the bonk is the one that many of us have done by accident my favorite form of the bonk to do on purpose is where you're underneath a roof and you power loop up and you go with your as if you kind of landed ceiling bonks are cool ceiling bonks are cool and you can usually get away with saying that it was on purpose right wall bonks when you're starting to learn the wall ride you might be doing a few wall bonks a cool way to do wall bonks are like when you go a little more at it intentionally bounce off it and maybe turn that to a flip flip out of it I also want to point out if you're trying to learn power loops under a ceiling and you're worried about having too much power and crashing if you've noticed that's happening pitch back and turn it into a bonk because your quad will break if you go like this but if you go like this it's probably not going to break the bonk can actually save your quad grinds and slides that's your that's kind of your it's a slide to grasp I love these little skids you don't need these little skids but these little skids that I like to put under my motors they will slide really well on the ground so if you want to come in with momentum so she land on the ground and you can slide the quad what's really fun is if you can find like a narrow like a ledge and maybe slide down and that's where I really start to feel like oh yeah I'm a skateboard I'm sliding down a ledge slides are fun you can throw in a yaw spin if you don't disarm while you're sliding you can like throw in a yaw spin or flip out that's a fun trick and then when you want to get really crazy you can you can grind quads you don't see it a lot I thought that this would become more popular and I think one of the reason it hasn't is just because it's so hard and depending on your frame it can be even harder so I mean like my frame has this standoff up front that's pretty nice for setting on a rail so I mean it's really the idea of grinding your quad like a skateboard is super cool you don't see it a lot though yeah I think one of the final tricks and I think we say this best for last is perching now it sounds really simple you're just landing on something but perching is like what we call it so for example the top of a light pole I've done this a few times where I go up and you're trying to land on this tiny little object without you know falling off and just timing it just right that is one of those fun things that's kind of something you do is like a challenge it's a really fancy landing and on that note landing is the one trick that fpv pilots can't do because every time I finish a flight it's just like thank you guys so much for watching this we hope you've enjoyed it I really liked watching all those clips and all these tricks that come up over time if you think there are any tricks that we left out or got the name wrong or if you can think of a great example of a trick that you're like no no you should have done this one throw it in the comments you know we read them all and we'd love to yeah this is certainly not all inclusive because as we said there's an infinite number of ways that you can combine all the different movements that are capable with these awesome machines but I think these are the most common the most iconic tricks but if we didn't mention something go out and make that a famous trick God and make it so hot that we can't miss it in the next edition of FPV Trictionary this has been the 2020 volume hit the subscribe button and like this video check out our store so we can keep making awesome videos like this for you guys and thank you guys so much for watching and we'll see you on the next one