Hi, my name is Alec, also known as Tech Trick. I'm sponsored by Adafruit to work on CircuitPython. And today I'm going to show you how to get started contributing as part of Hacktoberfest. So what is Hacktoberfest? Well, it's a month-long event sponsored by DigitalOcean, whose purpose is to improve and contribute to open-source software. Adafruit participates in Hacktoberfest across its CircuitPython repositories. So that includes the core, which comprises of firmware written in C for the microcontrollers, but also the libraries, which are a collection of drivers and helper libraries that allow you to interact with a bunch of different devices and services. So today I'm going to show you how to get involved with contributing to the libraries, but a lot of what I talk about will also pertain to the core. So I'm using Windows, so the process I'll go through is geared mostly for that, but all or almost all of it should also pertain to macOS and Linux as well. And I'll go over those differences when I can. So the first thing we'll need to download is Git. Git is version control software that allows you to do many things, one of which is work collaboratively with other people on software. If you're working on Linux, you likely already have Git. If you're working on Windows or macOS, you can go to git-scm.com and click on the downloads button and select your operating system. So we can go ahead and do that now. So open a web browser and go to git-scm.com and it'll bring you to the Git website. You can see here is the downloads button. You can select your operating system, so I'll pick Windows. And then most likely you'll want 64-bit Git if you're working on anything but an old computer. But you can check in your system settings, but I'll select 64-bit and that will start a download. I already have it here, I guess, from a previous download, but I'll save it again anyways. Great, it's downloaded. So I'll walk you through setting up Git and what you'll need and open that. You'll see a license agreement. So you can agree to that. And then for the most part, most of these default settings are fine. This is just where it's going to install. I already have it from a previous installation. That's fine, I'll just say yes. I didn't need anything else there. Calling a git in the start menu is fine as a shortcut. If you want to use a different default editor, you can select it, this isn't required, you can always use the text editor of your choice. I'm gonna keep Vim, this is fine. If you plan to use Git more, you can select this option to default the branch name to something else, but that's fine, we aren't creating repositories, so we can leave that. This default is fine to use Git from the command line. In fact, we definitely want this. Using the bundled open SSH is fine. Using the open SSL library is also fine. And then here's an important one. So we will actually want to select check out as is and commit Unix style line endings. So whenever there's a new line, Windows and Unix do things slightly differently because the repositories we're working with have the Unix style and we're going to do some things that later on rely on Unix style line endings. We actually don't want this conversion, so you can pick this and I'll walk you through one extra step just to make sure that that is fixed and we'll go over that in a bit. This default option is fine for the terminal emulator for the default behavior of Git pull. We want to keep this as the default, the fast forward or merge. If you've used Git before, you may want to choose this, but definitely the default behavior should be fast forward or merge if you're new. And then we want to keep this Git credential manager which just helps you with things like log-ons that we'll need later on and it handles that mostly in the background. And then these default extra options are also fine. And then we don't need any experimental options either. Great, and so now we're installing. And as soon as we do that, I'll go back and I'll show you how to make sure that those line endings don't become a problem during later steps that we'll talk about. Great, Git is set up and we're ready to go. I'm not going to view the release notes and we'll finish up. So in order to make sure those line endings are okay when we're working on them for later steps, you can open a command prompt if you go to your start menu and in the search bar just type in command prompt or even just the letter C-M-D together. It should bring up an option to pick the command prompt and you can just select that. And so I have here the command prompt that I was talking about. And so what we're going to do is fix that line ending problem so it doesn't become a problem later on. So if you type now git config dash dash global core dot auto CRLF input and hit enter, great. So that actually succeeded. So our line endings shouldn't be a problem moving forward. If you're looking for more information on Git or other parts of this process, you can actually check out the Adafruit Learn Guide System and search for a guide called Contribute to Circuit Python with Git and GitHub by Katni Rembore. And that's a great guide that goes over a lot of what I'll be talking about. But for now we're done with Git. So the next thing we'll need is a GitHub account. GitHub is a hosting service that hosts the repositories that we'll be working on. Adafruit hosts both the repository for the core, which again is written in C and all the repositories for the libraries written in Python on GitHub. So you'll need an account there to start making improvements. You can go to github.com and make an account or use your existing account if you already have one. If you're making a new account, you can choose the free plan, which has everything you need to start contributing. So we can go ahead and I'll bring that website up github.com, great. So I'm already logged in to my account, but if you need, you should make that account here. If you're using Windows or macOS, it's often helpful to have a graphical program known as a GUI to help you use Git. The simplest GUI program for Windows and macOS is GitHub's own program GitHub desktop. To download, go to desktop.github.com and select the download for your operating system. So we can go ahead and do that. So I'll open a web browser and type in desktop.github.com and that will bring me to the landing page where I can download. So I'll select download for Windows 64 bit, but if you're using macOS, you have a button for it right here. So I will go ahead and download. We will run that as soon as it's done, but this will make the process of using Git that much simpler. If you're using Linux, this may not be an option and you may need to be more familiar with the command line. I believe we have guides on the Adafruit Learn system. That will help you do that. So you can go to adafruit.com and select learn, button up at the top and find some guides on using that. But for now, since I'm on Windows, we will double click that to install and that should bring up a window like this. So let me know that is it installing. So there we go. So it may ask you for information on your GitHub account, which you should provide, because it will make a lot of the things we do here easier and in fact, I'm going to rely on them. So you should connect your GitHub account to GitHub desktop. If you need to, and it doesn't do it automatically, perhaps you've installed it before, you can go to options, I believe, and then here we go. And then you can sign in to github.com. So you can click this button and sign in. So if it doesn't do it automatically, that is how you can do it. The final thing we'll need is a text editor, something to actually edit the code with. The recommended text editor for CircuitPython is Mu spelled M-U and it has plenty of built-in functionalities for working with microcontrollers. To download, you can go to codewith.mu and download it there. So we can open up a web browser and type in codewith.mu and that will bring us to the website. You can click here, download, and select either the Windows installer or the Mac OS X installer. Additionally, it looks like there's experimental Linux support, but it looks like there's some notes here. So be sure to give this a read if you want to use Mu on Linux. So we'll select download and it may actually take a couple of minutes. So I pre-downloaded it and so I will open it from my downloads and get that started. And you can see here, it'll bring up a window. And I will agree to the license agreement and let that install. And then there's a couple things we'll want to do when it's ready. The great thing about Mu also is that there are plenty of guides on adafruit.com in the learn system. Specifically, I believe there is more information on welcome to CircuitPython is a guide about getting started using CircuitPython. And it actually talks about Mu, which is a great way to not just develop CircuitPython code, but also program your controllers to use it. So there are functionalities built into Mu for helping you do that. So if you need help with Mu, besides using the website here, you can also check out the learn guide system and find more information there. So great, it looks like setup is done. And we will launch Mu. So when Mu first boots up, it should ask you what system you're going to use. And there should be plenty of options, but you should see one that says CircuitPython and you should select that. It doesn't seem to have done it for me, even though I redownloaded it. Likely it remembers a setting I've had before, perhaps. But once you select that, you should get a screen like this. In case it also doesn't bring it up, you can always change the mode here with this button and your options should look something like this. So you should select CircuitPython and you should be ready to go. If it brings up a error box saying that it can't connect to something or to read the serial or something like that, it just means it can't find your microcontroller, which is fine, we don't have one connected right now. So no worries about that. Otherwise you're good to go with Moo. Now that we've got all of our programs downloaded, we are ready to register for Hacktoberfest. So you can make an account and register on hacktoberfest.com. So we will bring that up in a web browser. So we can hacktoberfest.com and select Start Hacking. So even if you've done Hacktoberfest in the past, you'll need to register every year, I believe, to do it. So keep that in mind. So you'll want to select Authorize with GitHub so that it can track your progress. So we can click Initiate and it will ask me to authorize Hacktoberfest, which I will select. And so you can have your name, your email. So make sure those are correct. I will keep these. And it should also show your GitHub user profile picture, which I don't have set. But if you do, it should be here as well. So we will be participating as a contributor, which means that we'll be submitting code and specifically pull requests. So we want to select this. If you were a maintainer, you'd want to select this. And if it looks like there's another option for Event Organizer, but these don't apply. So we will select Contributor. You can select your experience level. So either Newby, Familiar or Experience. So you can select your experience level. So I'll go with Experienced. What would you like to contribute? So there's code and there's non-code options, which is a cool feature, whether you are doing documentation or other things that aren't strictly code. It looks like documentation and design, things like that. You can select this. If you would like to do documentation for CircuitPython, that's actually part of our code. So you can just select code, whether you're doing bug fixes or documentation improvements, that will always be part of the code. So you don't have to select this. You can select the country you are participating from. There's operational opt-ins. So if you want to share your email address to receive some digital badges, I won't do this on this account. It looks like there are some marketing opt-ins. So if you want to share your email address and get some emails about different things, it looks like the sponsors, you can do that. I'll keep this checked. And then we can agree to the rules and terms. So all of these are great. A lot of these are just saying that you understand the rules of Oktoberfest that you're going to contribute quality code, that if you don't submit quality code, which is to say you submit things like spam or things that are malicious that you'll be disqualified, as well as that you understand the terms of service and privacy policy. So we will register and bam, we are ready to go. So now we can see our progress for pull requests and whatnot. You can see that so far we've got zero of our four done. So we will go look for some issues to find and fix. Let's get to it. So now it's time to look for some issues to fix. So how we'll be finding issues depends on where you're working. If you're working in the core, you can find them in the core repository, which is github.com slash Adafruit slash CircuitPython. And there is the issues tab there that will show you a list of issues. But since we'll be working on the libraries, we'll go with the other way. So to find issues in the libraries, we can open up a web browser and go to circuitpython.org. And this will bring you to the CircuitPython landing page. And what we're looking for is this button here called contributing. So we can click on that and we'll select open issues here. So what this will do is show us a list of all the different issues across the library repositories that we can select and read more about. And the nice thing about them is that a lot of them have tags on them that kind of tell you a little more at a glance. So you can already see some of them are labeled Hacktoberfest, which means they are counting towards Hacktoberfest. And the one we'll be looking at is ones that say good first issue. So things labeled as a good first issue are great if you are new to contributing and you are looking for something that is at that skill level and that's a great place to start. So we will look at one of those and I already have one in mind, but feel free to look through these and kind of read about them at a glance. The one that I will be working on is this one. So requirements.text is missing Ada Fruit Blinka. So I'll select this one, but you should go with whatever one you want. So you can see here it's a good first issue as well. So we will select this and what that will do is it will bring us to the specific repository and show us the issue we clicked on. And so now we can actually see a little bit more about the issue. So this one looks like it's missing something specific in a file called requirements.text and here it also lists the solution. So all we need to do is add this to the file. So you can also see history here. I opened one earlier, but wanted to use this for the example. So I ended up closing it. You may or may not see this, but if there is a history attached or other comments or information, you can see it here in the first or following comments. So if you wanna take this one on, you can just start working on it or another thing you can do is just leave a note. So what I'll do is I will leave a comment just letting people know that I'm going to work on this and that isn't required. You don't have to do that, but what it does is it lets other people who might find this issue know that you've already got it covered. So they don't accidentally work on it in parallel and they can find something else that needs to be addressed. So this is the issue we're going to stick with. So we can remember it and remember this repository. So Adafruit, CircuitPython, ColorSys is the repository I'll be working on. And so we can get started making this change. Great, now we're ready to start working on this issue. So in order to do that, the first thing we'll need to do is to fork and clone this repository. So forking is taking this repository, which is now under Adafruit and making a copy under our name so that we can start working on it. So I can't directly make changes to this one that Adafruit owns. So I will make a copy of it so that I can. And what cloning is, is a fancy term really for downloading. So I will download the repository to my computer so I can work on it there. So let's get started with that. So in order to fork a repository, there's a button here called fork. We can click that and it says here, create a new fork. These options as the default are great. So we will click create fork. And now what you'll see is the same repository under my name. And you can see here, it'll say forked from Adafruit and then it'll list the repository name, which now means that they're linked that will make use of that later on. So this is great. And so now in order to clone it, we can open GitHub desktop and we'll select clone a repository from the internet. And the option we want selected here is github.com. And since we've linked our GitHub account to it, it knows which repositories we own. So it knows that we've done this. So if you need also, you can refresh this list. So we can select this and this local path just shows where it's going to download. So I'll have it download this to my desktop. And I can go ahead and click clone and great. Then the only last thing we'll need to do is select one of these two options. The one we want is this first one to contribute to the parent project. So what this is saying is that our goal for why we cloned this repository is that we want to eventually add these changes to the parent repository. So we'll keep that selected and click continue. We can hit this button fetch if we want to make sure everything's up to date. Great. Now we are ready to move forward. The next thing we'll want to do is to create a branch. So you can think of a branch like an individual state of the code. So we can make changes to it. And any changes we make in one branch in a repository exists separately from the others. So it gives us the ability to start making changes without affecting anything else. Any other changes we might make in other branches. So what we'll want to do at this point is make a new branch to start working on our changes. So if you go to this button here, it should say main or something like that and select it. You'll want to click this button for new branch which says we want to make a new branch. And what it'll say here is your new branch will be based on the repository's default branch. And it listed here as main. And so what that means is that we're basically making a copy of this branch. So, which is what we want. Typically for the sake of what we'll be doing, typically want to make it off of the default branch. And so now all that's left is to give it a name. So for my issue, I'll call it add dash missing requirement and you can name it anything. And I'll click create branch. And you can see here, now this says add missing requirement. And then what we can do here is select publish branch. And this will tell GitHub that we have a new branch. And if we wanted, we could actually see it on the website at this point. And so now it's time to actually start editing the code. So now we're ready to make the actual change according to the issue. So if we go to the issue again, we can see that we need to take the file named requirements.text and add this line, Adafruit dash Blinka to it and that should fix the problem. So one thing I'll note is that I will not be using move for this specific issue because move is really intended for Python files and this file is a text file. So I will actually be using a different text editor, but if you are working on a Python file, I would encourage you to use that since it will be a little bit better suited for what we're working on. So I will go to here, GitHub desktop. And if you select repository and show an explorer, it will bring up on Windows at least a the location of your downloaded repository in the file explorer. And so I will go scroll down to this which is the file I need. So I will open it for the sake of simplicity. I will double click this and it should bring it up for me in notepad. So I'll close these windows just to make it a little more visible. And so what I'll do for this issue is I will add that bit of text. So I will write eta fruit dash blinka and I will save. And so if we go back to GitHub desktop, right, we can see that it recognizes a change in the code. And so what we can do at this point is add and commit these changes. So adding a change tells get specifically which files or which lines you'd like to prepare, right? So I can select whole files or individual lines. And committing means that I'd like to make them a part of the official history. You can think of it of the branch. So if I go in this branch, right, I go to this button here, history, I can see a list of all these different commits that are a part of this history. So what we wanna do is we wanna add this add on top of that history. So I'll go back to changes and this is a pretty simple commit. So I will just add all of these, keep these selected. But if you're doing something more complex, feel free to break it up. And for committing, I will add here in this box here a commit message. So I'll say added Adafruit Blinka as requirement. And if it were something maybe a little bit more complex, maybe the commit message isn't enough, you have another box down here for description. So you can add a little bit more information. Since this change is pretty simple, I won't do that. But if you are making a more complex change, feel free to use it. And so I will click this button, commit. And if we go to history here, we can see that we've added this commit on top of the existing history and we are just about ready to upload it. So before we upload our code, we can run things like linters and formatters on it to make sure it's following best practices and that it's consistent with the other libraries. Additionally, when we upload this code to GitHub, GitHub itself will actually run these same tools on the code we submit. So we want to make sure that when we submit it, it will pass those processes. So in order to run those tools, there's actually another tool we're going to use called pre-commit, which manages running all of those tools. So it's important to note that at this point, if you have not downloaded Python, you'll want to go ahead and do that. I won't go over that process, but there are plenty of tutorials on how to do it for your operating system. If you're on Linux, you likely already have it as well. So you can pause here and come back once you have done that, if you have not. Otherwise, we can install that tool. So if we go here in repository again, and we click this button, open in command prompt, we will actually get a terminal window that is pointing where our library is. So what we can do, and I'll close these other windows for now. So what we can do at this point is actually install the pre-commit library. So what I'll do is I'll type pip install pre-commit and hit enter. And it's a little bit faster for me since I already had it on my system, but if not, you may see something different. But what we're looking for is just a successful installation. So we have that here. So what we can do now, if you want to clear your screen by the way on windows specifically, you can type CLS and hit enter and that will clear your screen. So now what we can do is we can actually run the tool pre-commit to run the linter and the formatter. And the great thing about pre-commit and the tools we'll be running is that it will either tell you where your code needs to be fixed with line numbers and the linter will tell you the specific problem. But for the formatting, it will actually fix it for you. And then what you'll need to do is just add those changes as well as the changes you make from the linter's feedback, you'll want to add and commit those as well until you pass the pre-commit process. So to run that tool, we can type in this repository, pre-commit space run space dash dash all dash files. And what that will do is run the tool on all of the files in this repository. So we can hit enter and we'll start seeing the process work. And what you can see is that for a lot of these, it has passed. So our black, which is our formatter, has passed. Some of our other tools have jumping ahead. We don't have any test code is what it's called here. So it has been skipped. But what we notice here is this fixed end of files actually failed. And if we read here, right, it says files were modified by this hook and it says fixing requirements.text. So what the pre-commit program did for us is actually fix the problem for us. And if we go back to GitHub desktop, what we can see here in the changes is this change here, which basically means that a new line was ended. So if we open our code backup, right, this is where this is the last line when I added it. But if we go, maybe this is the wrong file or reopen it perhaps. So we go back to our requirements.text. And open it again. So it reloads. What we can see, right, as before on the other one, before I reloaded it, this was the last line. Now you can see it added a new line. So we went from here to here. And that's just best practice. You typically want to end your files with a new line. So pre-commit, notice that we hadn't done that. And it went ahead and did it for us. So now all that's left to do is add and commit that change. So we can close these windows and come back to here. And we can keep both of these, right? So the deletion line matches the addition line. So we'll just keep both of those. And so they're added, they're ready to go. And we can say, re-formatted by pre-commit. Or we could say added new line or anything like that, just to convey the message of what happened here. So I will commit this change. And again, if you go to the history, you can see that change on top of our other one. And we are going back to changes and we are ready to push the code to GitHub. Great, now we are ready to push the code to the server. So we can check one final time just to make sure. So if I bring up the command prompt again and type pre-commit space run space dash dash all dash files and hit enter, what we want is for everything to either pass or be skipped if it isn't necessary. So because we went ahead and let pre-commit fix this, for us, the next time we run it, we can see that it isn't a problem anymore. And we've committed that change, so we are ready to go. So going back here, what we can do is we can click this button here called push origin. If it says something else, make sure that you are on the branch, right? So I'm on my add missing requirement branch. And if it says publish branch, if you haven't published the branch prior like we did here, you can always check the history here and see if these changes are ready to be pushed for your branch. So we will go ahead and click this button. And we can see that it's uploading and great, we are ready to go. And what we can do is if we go back to GitHub, right? And then if we're on Adafruit's repository right now, right? We can go to this arrow button on the fork button and click ours. What we can see is that our branch has been uploaded and that it knows that we've made pushes, right? We've uploaded code to it recently, less than a minute ago, so just a moment ago. And we can either create a pull request here or do it in GitHub desktop, which is the next thing we will talk about. So now that we've pushed our code, we can create the pull request. So you can either use the button I previously showed or if you go back to GitHub desktop, you should see this button here that says create a pull request from your current branch and it has the branch that I was working on and I'm currently on and I can select this button. So creating a pull request is basically a formal request to Adafruit, the Adafruit repository, saying that you want to add the changes that you've made in your own repository and you want them incorporated there. So that is the process by which we will introduce these changes. So I have clicked that button and it takes me to a page in the Adafruit repository called open a pull request. So you can see that I am using my repository, specifically the branch that I selected and we're going to merge into the main branch, the default branch in Adafruit's repository. And so if you scroll down, you can see a list of all the changes we made, right? So this is a list showing the changes and this is a list of commits we're going to add. So what we can do if all that looks good is we can add a message here. So if you have multiple commits, this may look a little funny but it may populate like mine has with a message. If not, we can type something. So add missing requirement, Adafruit, Blinka just to reference which one it is. And then for the comment, we can add a little more information and a really neat trick here is that if we want to link this pull request to the issue we're working on, we can use what I think GitHub calls magic keywords and so there are a couple of them. The one we'll use is the word resolves and if you type resolves and the issue number, it will link that. So if we go on this other tab, our repository, if we go back to the Adafruit one and we click on issues and we go to the issue here, you can see this number right up at the top is the number we want to use. So we will remember this 23 and it will be different for your issue and go back to our pull request and we say resolves pound 23, and it knows that you're trying to link. You're referencing a pull request or issue so we're referencing an issue. Resolves number 23 by adding the missing requirement. All right, so we've got our message, we've got a little description that adds some more detail and we've got resolves number 23, which will link it and now we can create this pull request. And so now a couple of things will happen at this point. So we can see that we have created the pull request. We're in Adafruit's repository and if we actually reload this page, we can see that this is updated and it says first time contributors need a maintainer to approve one in workflows. So what this is is what I was talking about before where the GitHub will actually run things like the linters and the formatters on your code to make sure they're consistent. If you're a first time contributor, you'll likely see a message like this which just means a maintainer will need to come in and just manually approve that. But if you're submitting multiple pull requests and you're not a first time contributor, it should automatically run. And so typically this will take a few minutes and you'll either get a green check mark similar to this or you will get an X and that will just signify that your code has some issues. Maybe it needs to be reformatted or maybe the documentation didn't build or things like that that were an issue. And so at that point, you can go ahead and try running pre-commit again. That is usually one of the more common problems. But if you're having trouble understanding kind of what went wrong or what needs to be done to fix it, feel free to leave a comment just asking for help and we can walk you through that process. So I don't have it here at this point but once your pull request passes the continuous improvement, the linter and formatter and automatic things like that, this will be green and there are no conflicts with the base branch which just means that it is otherwise good to merge into the main repository. The remaining and final step is to receive a pull request review where someone will take a look at the code and a couple of things might happen. Either they will say, great, this is exactly what we're looking for. Thanks. They may leave a comment asking for a little bit more information. Maybe they have a question or they're unfamiliar with something or they may request changes which maybe they noticed a typo or maybe a specific way you implemented something won't work for Circuit Python or things like that and at that point what will happen is you'll need to make changes to your code to better suit those requested changes so you can go ahead and do that and make those changes and add and commit them and repeat the process or of course you can always follow up and ask any questions you have or things like that so that that is clear as to what needs to happen next but otherwise this process repeats until the pull request is approved and at that point if it's approved a maintainer will merge it in to the code and at that point you can go look for another issue and start it all over again. If you need help with your specific issue or pull request feel free to leave a comment there so we can get started helping you out. Additionally if you're looking for help on a specific topic feel free to use the Adafruit learn system to find more information so you can find that if we open a web browser and go to adafruit.com and go here to learn up at the top and now we can use this search bar to start looking at learn guides. So one I've mentioned is one by Katni called contributing right and you can see it here. It's called contribute to Circuit Python with Git and GitHub and you can click this and it will show you a whole bunch of information or you can look by topic. So we can go here and type Git and we can find a whole host of guides pertaining to Git and various things there. So if you have a specific question on a topic feel free to check out the learn system. A lot of what I've talked about either is contained there or comes directly from there so I would encourage you to check this out if you're having a specific problem. The answer may already be here but if you're looking for help with something not listed here or it's more general maybe it's about Hacktoberfest in general feel free to reach out in the Adafruit Discord server which you can join by going to adafru.it and that will allow you to join the Discord server. So you can see that here I'm in the Discord server and if you scroll down there's a channel here called Circuit Python Dev this is where the developers of Circuit Python will mostly hang out and respond to messages but if you have a question specific to Hacktoberfest feel free to click up here in the threads button and find the Hacktoberfest 2022 thread and you can select this and if your question is about Hacktoberfest in general this is a good place to ask about it so that we can better find it and respond to it. Thanks for watching. I hope you're feeling ready to start contributing to Circuit Python as part of Hacktoberfest. It's certainly one of my favorite times of the year as it's when I started first contributing to Circuit Python. If you have any more questions feel free to reach out on the Adafruit Discord server and we'll get back to you as soon as we can. Thanks and we'll see you very soon.


One of the most popular search terms for women in the dating, mating, and relating marketplace is why men pull away. Because the reality is when someone we've invested time in, someone we begin to get feelings for, someone we feel attached to begins to pull away, whether it's physically pulling away or emotionally pulling away. It can feel like an emptiness or a hole within us. And I'm basically explaining is those men who tend to come on a little bit of strong, a little bit of strong, a little bit strong, love bomb, overemphasize the interest in you as a way of, I don't believe it's an intentional hooking.


تشرف بالشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيمي بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله أما بعد السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بردس وستيزا أردت مرحبا للمرحبات رمضان مع أستاد أبد رحمان حسن أول فؤول هو أماما كانت تقلق مرحبا مع أسوي في وقت الوقت الذي أخذت من رمضان هل أنت بجانب تبغي على نفسنا وماذا وقلت لنا مجرد الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على من أرسله الله ورحمة للعالمين وعلى آله وصحبه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدين أما بعد أي شخص who corrupts his fasting of Ramadhan or a fasting which he is paying back from Ramadhan or any fasting which is obligatory by intersection intercourse for instance or other than it without a legislated reason then there's going to occur to him there's going to happen to him that he's fasting or this Ibada which he has done then becomes null and void and of course he gains from that sins and it becomes obligatory for him to have to pay it back of course other than Ramadhan Ramadhan has another specific ruling which inshallah we're going to mention so the evidence that it's obligatory for the person to have to pay it back is very apparent in the Hadith of Umu Hani رضي الله تعالى عنها she said that the Messenger of Allah that the Prophet ﷺ he drank a juice or a drink so he gave it to her to drink it فقالت she said once she drank it she said to the Prophet ﷺ I was fasting I disliked to turn back your leftovers I didn't want to turn it I rejected then the Messenger ﷺ he said to her the Prophet ﷺ said to her if it was a pain back from Ramadhan then bring back another fasting for it so you have to bring back that fasting again so if this fasting that you were fasting right now was a fasting of expiation in other words you were fasting from Ramadhan that you missed days that you've missed if that was the fasting then the Messenger ﷺ said to her bring back another fasting for this that you've just broken right now as for if it was a voluntary fasting then the Prophet ﷺ said if you want bring it back and if you want don't bring it back and it is not mandatory on to you so that's the evidence to show that the person has to bring it back if the fasting is a payback for Ramadhan they have to bring it back the evidence to show that the person will receive sins from this action of theirs for corrupting their fasting which was obligatory on them deliberately is the statement of سبحانه وتعالى ولا تبطلوا أعمالكم and do not nullify your actions so here this ayah ولا تبطلوا أعمالكم is general and it shows that you're not allowed to nullify any actions of yours whether it be whether it be Ramadhan or whether it be other than Ramadhan it doesn't matter and if you go against the command of Allah سبحانه وتعالى we know that a sin occurs from it because Allah says ولا تبطلوا أعمالكم Allah is specifically commanding us not to nullify our righteous deeds now some people argue and they say that the hadith that you have quoted the Hadith of Um Muhani رضي الله تعالى عنها is in it an evidence okay that the messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam didn't reject her doings he just told her that she has to bring it back but the messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam did not rebuke her or scold her in anyway form or shape in this action that she did which is to drink and so they say we take from this اقرار that the prophet consented to her action that it's permissible for you to break it so where are you going with this ولا تبطلوا أعمالكم and they go on to saying then they go on to saying that if it was haram for her what she did and it was wrong then the messenger would have clarified it to her as the قاعدة is تأخيروا البيانة عن وقت الحاجة لا يجوزوا delaying the thing that is needed at the time it's needed is not permissible in for the messenger alaihi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam he has to clarify it and Imam Shoukani رحم الله responded to this and he said that this argument of this is غير صحيح it is not right and it's not correct why because the messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam first we have to understand is that he commanded ummuhani رضي الله تعالى عنها to bring back that fasting that's one the second point is that this is the qalam of Imam Shoukani is that the condition of them for you guys to use إقرار consent so for you guys to use consents as an evidence the condition is that that there is no حجة there is no proof that shows from another angle that the reason why the Prophet ﷺ chose not to speak about it was because it was both agreed on both parties that there would be no need for the Prophet ﷺ to have to mention this I want you to understand this point to use the Prophet's silence as a consent here wouldn't be allowed for you because if there is an evidence that shows that ummuhani was aware and she knew that what she did was wrong there would be no need for the Messenger ﷺ to have to mention this to her to tell her that what she did was wrong so the question is is that do we have a narration or do we have evidence to show that there was no need for the Messenger ﷺ to have to mention to ummuhani that what she did was wrong of course we have an evidence for that and Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله he narrated that ummuhani herself came to the Messenger and she said إني أذنبتو فاستغف إلي I have committed a sin a mistake I have asked forgiveness for me then the Messenger ﷺ said to her وماذاكا what is it that you did قالت she responded by saying كنت صائمة فأفضلت I was fasting and I broke my fast and then the Messenger ﷺ said to her أمن قضاء كنت تقضينه is it a qadai were you paying back a fasting she said no then the Messenger ﷺ just said فلاي الضرركة then it doesn't harm you so this is a mafum that if it was a qadai it would have harmed you if it was a qadai it would have harmed you that's مفوم المخالفة and another iwaya of Abu Dawud which he added onto it فلاي الضرركي إن كانت تطوعن it won't harm you if it's a voluntary fasting so then this narration of Abu Dawud emphasizes even more the mafum that we took from the Hadith which is that if the fasting is an obligatory fasting which is قضاء paying back then it will harm you now the question is the question is that now that we've proven that she has to pay it back the sister and the second thing that we also proved is that sin is going to come from it can we say that this sin it reaches the major sin or is it a minor sin we've already proven it say sin but is it a minor sin some of the ulama they said it's a minor sin because there's no specific evidence that has come and shown that it's a major sin okay there is no wa'id there is no warning specifically to this particular action some which is the next party of scholars the second party of scholars they said that no it's a major sin and I think that is stronger because they have brought an evidence forward if I raise that the Hadith of Abu Umamah Al-Bahili رضي الله تعالى عنه لدى مسن صلى الله عليه وسلمه سرفي رؤية منامية ذات ثم طولي ثم طولي قبي فإذا أنا بقوم معلقين بعراقي بهم مشققة اجداقهم تسيلوا اجداقهم دما قال قلت من هؤلاء قال هؤلاء الذين يفطرون قبل تحلت صومهم اما تحلة تحلت صومهم فالمسن صلى الله عليه وسلم يقوم بأسفل من الناس who were being punished عليه الصلاة والسلام they were what they were being punished with their internal organs and the messenger and blood was gushing from them so the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام he asked he said who are these people being punished like this and it was told to him that they are the ones who break their fasting before that sunset they break their fasting before the sunset so this shows that it's a it's a major sin if it wasn't a major sin then the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام would have not told us this grave and this serious punishment for them so what I say to this particular individual is to come back to Allah and repent to come with righteous actions and also to come with قضاء to bring back this fasting and as for كفارة then the كفارة is not for the fasting except the Ramadan specifically in the month of Ramadan the fasting that you're fasting the expiation for that is when you deliberately have section to course that you have to do what and a kafara the kafara is not outside the Ramadan even if you're paying back a fasting of Ramadan the reason for that is because the fasting of Ramadan is a واجب which is مضيق it's a واجب which is restricted at a particular time and as for the صوم القضاء it is not مضيق it is مطلق it's unrestricted and the scholars as we know they differ between the واجب which is مضيق from the واجب which is not مضيق the واجب which is restricted from the واجب that is not restricted so we say to this sister and also there's no particular evidence that says that they have to bring back that they have to do expiation for this particular fast so what we say to this what we say to this sister إن شاء الله تعالى is to fast and bring back that fasting ask Allah for forgiveness and come with righteous with righteous actions نعم the second question is my sister was sick for two consecutive Ramadan and she did not compensate any of them due to her illness recently she died what should we do in this in this case as her family نعم first of all I say may Allah سبحانه وتعالى bestow his never ending mercy onto the sister and forgive her for her any shortcomings that she has come with and resurrect her with مع النبيين وصديقين وشهدائي وصالحين وحسن أولئي كرافيقة after that anyone who dies and there is fasting upon them and the fasting is an obligatory fast is such as Ramadan then it's upon the family of the dead that they feed every single day of those days which they have missed are poor and they pay نصف صار and we previously spoke about what is نصف صار and it is not permissible that they fast on behalf of that person the reason is because the fasting of Ramadan is like the fasting I'm sorry the the obligate the obligation of fasting of Ramadan is like prayer and as we know it is not permissible for a person to pray for another person the Salahs that they've missed the fasting is the same as long as that as long as that fasting is not صيام نذر as long as that fasting is not a fasting of nether the reason is because there is a specific evidence for this صيام نذر is when a person makes an oath to Allah that if Allah does this for them that they will fast then this fasting becomes obligatory on this person and if this person dies then the family fast on his behalf the reason why the fasting of nether that is permissible for someone to fast for another person is because it's like a debt money that's debt you don't have to give money to anyone and you're free from having to give money to anyone unless you place yourself in a position where you take money from somebody then you would have to pay back that person that you took the money from you are the person who made it obligatory on yourself to have to pay it back now but originally it was not obligatory on you to have to give money to this individual the same is the fasting of nether this fasting was not obligatory on you now you've burdened yourself and you're the one who placed it on his shoulders to have to pay back this fasting so because it's like a debt you have to pay back that debt and that's why the messenger رضي الله تعالى عنها منماتا وعليه الصيام صام عنه وليه than anyone who dies منماتا anyone who dies وعليه الصيام and is fasting on him صام عنه وليه he's family fast on his behalf and yes this hadith is مطلق is unrestricted okay but it's meant by the fasting of nether it's meant by the fasting of nether the reason is because the fasting which is nether remains on the person's shoulders just like the debt remains on your shoulders and it does accept for someone else to do it for you just like debt someone else can do it for you and that's the method have taken by عائش رضي الله تعالى عنها ابن عباس and it was also narrated from سعيد ابن جوبير and أحمد ابن حمبل and also it is what was strengthened by ابن القيم الجوزية رحمه الله and there are two narrations that strengthen that understanding which is number one حديث من عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما جاء رجل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم a man came to the messenger and when he came to the messenger he said يا رسول الله إن أمي ماتد وعليها صوم شهر my mother died and upon her is a fasting of a month أفقضيه عنها do I pay this back for her the messenger said لو كان على أمي كدين أكون تقاضيه عنها he said to her if your mother had debt on her would you have paid back that debt for her so this shows you that this fasting was a fasting of another because a fasting of another is a fasting that is a debt as we showed right now and then the man said yes then the messenger said فدين الله حق ويقضى that the debt of Allah is more befitting to be paid back and there is another narration that strengthens even more which is أن السعيد أن السعدي بن عبادة رضي الله تعالى عنه إستفتها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال سعدي بن عبادة questioned the messenger and he said إن أمي ماتد my mother died وعليها نذر a fasting of a nether was upon her then the messenger said إقضيه عنها pay back for her for her so all of these narrations they show that that إلا of why these fasting is made as obligatory is because it's like a day just like some leather is a day other than that the statement of عبد الله بن عمر still stands which is لا يصوموا أحد and أحدين no one should fast for anyone and this statement of عبد الله بن عمر it spread amongst the companions and no one ever went against him regarding it so what this shows us is that when عبد الله بن عمر was saying this he meant by it what? he meant by other than fast of nether other than the fasting of the fasting of and nether so if the fasting is fast of nether then the family have to fast on behalf of the dead if not every fasting which she has missed so you said too much she missed those two months a poor has to be given نصف صع نصف صع نعم the next question is is a woman allowed to go out at night for the tarawih prayer if the woman is leaving at night to fulfill the salat of tarawih with the consent of her guardian and her husband and there is no method that no harm that's going to come out of her leaving her house then it is not correct for anyone to prevent her from leaving if she wants to go out and pray in the congregational prayer and participate in the good that is there but if when she leaves the house there's going to come from it fitna and daram harm and trials and tribulations then the prayer in her house is better for her based on the hadith of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة المرأة في بيتها أفضل من صلاةHer سلاة سلرة سلاترا ونسة سلاترا ونهجار ونCreta السلام عليكم أن تفهم أن نساء الشقائق الرجالي في الحكام أن المساعدين يقومون إلى المساعدين when it comes to the jurisprudence of rulings when it comes to rulings, men and women are the same what's obligatory on the women are obligatory on the men what is voluntary for the men is also voluntary for the women they are the same and they are equal in rulings when Allah is speaking to the men also he is speaking to the women unless of course there is an exception and there is a delil that shows that this is specific for the men and not specific for the women or is specific for the women and not specific for the men this evidence which is the issue of praying Salatu Al-A'id what has been seen from it is that the men and the women are the equal so there is no specification for any individual rather it shows that they are equal in terms of rulings and the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam he commanded for the women to come out when the Salatu Al-A'id is taking place he even told the women who don't come out of their houses to come out he also told the women who are on the mences and what did he say to them stay away from the place where the people are praying to the extent that the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam he commanded that the women who doesn't have a jilbab then his sister should give her her jilbab if she is going to spare the jilbab then she gives it to her even if you don't have a jilbab you need to look for a jilbab to come out based on the حديثة ومعاطير رضي الله تعالى عنها and also the حديثة من عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما that the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam he said he said أو أضحى فصلنا ثم خطبة ثم أتن نساء فاو عظاهن وذكرهن وامرهن بصدقة that the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam he came out عبد الله عباس رضي الله تعالى عنهما of the day of fitr أو أضحى the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam he prayed then he done the khutbah then he came to the women he reminded them he gave them a reminder and he told them to pay صدقة صلاة العيد as we fully know is the thing that if it happens that صلاة العيد and Juma'a happened on the same day عيد will make Juma'a drop if you pray صلاة العيد then you don't have to bring صلاة الجمعة if they happen to be on the same day but what we know is that مَا لَيْسَ بِوَا جِبِ لَا يُسْقُدُ مَا كَانَا وَا جِبَا that if the عيد was not wajib if it wasn't wajib and it was voluntary then how can something voluntary something that is obligatory it could only be that the صلاة العيد is what obligatory and the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم as we know he hasn't commanded the women for the Juma'a he hasn't commanded the Juma'a he permitted it for them عليه صلاة وسلم and he allowed it for them but it didn't make obligatory on them as we know صلاة كنا في بويوت كنا خير صلاة كنا في دور كنا وصلاة وصلاة كنا في دور كنا أفضل من صلاة كنا في مسجد الجماعة so the processor tells it that the house is better for them صلاة الجمعة whereas when it came to what when it came to صلاة العيد he tells them to come out even if they're on the mences even on the mences and what even shows that it's obligatory and that is the correct opinion is that the hadith narrated by Imam Ahmed and Bayhaqi and other than them from the hadith of the sister the sister of who she's the sister of Abdullah ibn al-Rawaha and this hadith is authenticated by Hafd in his Fathul Bari he said وقد ورد هذا مرفوع بإسنادي الله بأس به and the Bani authenticated in Sahih el-Jamiah that the processor said or the narration says واجب الخروج على كل ذاتي نطاق that the messenger of Allah ﷺ made obligatory on every single woman on the day of Eid come out he made obligatory on them and as the madhab of Abi Bakr and Ali ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Umar نظير الله تعالى عنهم as Qadi al-Qadi Ayyad narrated and also Ibn Abi Sheba narrated so what we say is that صلاة العيد is obligatory on the women just like it's obligatory on the men the virgin the widow the divorcee the young the one-hundred mences all of them have to come out and when they do come out they have to make sure that they observe the etiquettes of coming out the houses what do they have to leave of don't place perfumes on yourself sisters and you're also not allowed to adorn yourself and beautify yourself on the street but what she has to be upon is she has to go to extreme levels of making sure that she hides herself نعم and we'll stop there insha'Allah سبحانك اللهم بحمدك اشد الله إلا الله استغفرك واتوب إليه


Hello people of the internet, my name is Johnny and welcome back to another FNAF news video. Today we're gonna be touching upon a topic that I honestly haven't really talked a whole lot about even though in my opinion it's probably the most interesting upcoming FNAF project we have. And that of course as you can tell from the title and the thumbnail is the Tales from the Pizza Plex book series. If you don't know what Tales from the Pizza Plex is, it's basically the Fazbear Fright books but if they were in Security Breach. Cause as you can tell from the name, Tales from the Pizza Plex, Freddy Fazbear's Mega Pizza Plex, these all relate back to Security Breach. And the other day we got revealed to us the third book in the series. We don't know how many books there is going to be but right now we have three. I talked about the first one, Lally's Game in a previous video, I'll leave that link down below if you want to go give that a watch after this one. It's interesting that we don't have descriptions for the second and third book, only the first book, Lally's Game has an official description. So all we have to go off of are the covers and the title of the book. So without further ado if you're brand new, subscribe, hit the like button and let's hop into Tales from the Pizza Plex. So like I said I did talk about Lally's Game in a separate video not too long ago but I do want to quickly go over it again in case you missed it. So this is the cover for the first book, Lally's Game, obviously the first thing that catches your eye is the humanoid robot, the android in the center peeking out from behind a door and also there's someone holding onto them. It looks like they're kind of a parental figure, the way they're holding onto this creature. So if I had to take a guess, I'm assuming that person is the creator of whoever this new character is, Lally if that is even Lally. The description for the book goes as follows, some secrets are better left hidden. A forbidden artifact which in this case is most likely Lally, from her fiance's past Beckins to Selena, Jessica leads a double life from her friends and co-workers in the children's wing of a hospital, and Maya can't resist the temptation to explore an off limits area of Freddy Fazbear's Mega Pizza Plex. But in the world of FNAF everything comes with a price to pay. So you can see in that third story about Maya going to an off limit part of the Pizza Plex directly links to Security Breach because it is the same location the Mega Pizza Plex. One of the most interesting things to speculate right now is are these connected to the game universe of the Pizza Plex? Or is it its own, you know, separate universe, the timeline if you want to call it that. Where the Pizza Plex we explore in Maya's story isn't the same Pizza Plex as the one we see in the game. We don't know yet, it's interesting to theorize but those are the summaries that is a quick overview of the first book Lally's Game. And now let's move on to the second book titled Haps. So as you can see this is tales from the Pizza Plex number two Haps and right off the bat we can spot a brand new character who most likely is called Haps. It seems like they are a service spot, someone that you call to in case you need help in case of an emergency because on their body it says help is on the way. So let's assume someone gets lost or is stuck in the Mega Pizza Plex they call over this robot, help is on the way, they come and save them. However, as we can assume based off of the busted up body of this character and also the half terrifying face I don't think they're going to be much help. If anything I think in the story they will be the main problem of what the character needs help for. If that makes any sense but yeah very terrifying character and also a new character. So again that could add to the fact that this is a separate Pizza Plex than the one we see in the game because the only like helpful bots we get in the game are the staff bots and even some of them aren't so helpful but you do see some of them like you know surveilling the area you see some of them mopping the floor and then we also see the wet floor bots. They don't have an official name I know Docko likes to call them Pat Pat. So you've got the little Pat Pats that don't do anything but they do, they look kind of similar to this guy. So maybe this is the book universe of the wet floor bots. I don't know it's it's certainly interesting to theorize about new characters. As I said earlier in the video there's no description for the second and third book so again the cover is all we have to go off on. I should have mentioned this earlier but the first book comes out July 19th and the second one comes out on the 30th of August. So much like the Fazbear Fright books it seems like they're gonna be released around like a month and a half to two months between each book. Yeah that is haps I'd love to know your theories on this character, the stories that could be involved. Without a proper description it is very difficult to guess what's gonna happen in these books because we don't have a description it's a new character on the cover all we know is that it'll connect to the pizza plex. It's a little frustrating but at the same time very very intriguing. So now let's move on to the third and so far final book in the series. We don't know how many books there are but right now all we know is that there are three confirmed and this is definitely the most interesting one in my opinion. This is the cover for the third story. As you can see it features the moon the daycare attendant and the title is somnophobia. Now somnophobia is the fear of not only falling asleep but staying asleep. And we do know that the moon drop night time candy is something that the daycare attendant gives out to children in the daycare to make them sleep because as we know from the game once you get past your bedtime you must be punished bad children must be punished and all that so it seems like this story is going to delve into the daycare attendant putting someone to sleep and keeping them asleep with this candy and even his eyes look like candy they could be like hypnotizing swirls to keep someone asleep but they do look like candy so I do think that was intentional. This one comes out on the first of November and yeah it's it's super interesting this is the first character that we've seen on the cover of these books that we saw in the game and speaking of stuff we saw in the game if you remember there was a a duffel bag that has a message you collect right before you enter the day care it's in one of the bathrooms off to the side it's called night terrors and it is a customer complaint my son never had sleeping problems but after spending an evening in the daycare he refuses to sleep with the lights out anymore he just cries and cries and then when I do let him keep the lights on he wets the bed so I don't think that this message you know specifically will connect to the story but it does show you just how terrifying kids can think the daycare attendant is because they are pretty creepy but I definitely do think that this story will involve the moon drop candy and they're gonna be like stuck sleeping they're gonna try not to fall asleep but they will fall asleep and they're gonna be stuck sleeping probably forever if I had to predict the ending of the story but yeah those are the three tales from the pizza plex books we have right now releasing again July August and November don't know how many books are gonna be in the series I I honestly hope it's not 12 because 12 fazbear's frights was a frickin lot but I'm certainly very interested to see how these may connect to the game what we've seen in the game and we're only a few months away from getting the first book so it seems like we're not gonna have to wait too too much longer if we do get any news about future installments in this series of course I'll let you guys know subscribe so you stay up to date with all the news thanks for watching and I'll see you all on the flip side goodbye


he real efforts of the city to bring that together albeit it's not without its challenges and I think maybe one of the things that could be added to enhance what's already in the bill would be the use of data and the power of data and sharing data which we all have to deal with on a day to day basis and obviously the powers of the data protection bill has now actually been enhanced as you probably know that it's actually going to be even stricter about sharing data but what we've seen in Glasgow is the power of using data to actually reduce poverty and I'll give you a very brief example of that and it's where we actually looked at the uptake of free school uniforms and we recognised by looking at the data that the council held with the housing benefit uptake and also the school role about where parents were taking up the free school uniforms that we had over 5,500 children that were not taking up their entitlement and we did some research to understand why that was and again it was some of the barriers that were mentioned by John previously about the forms were too complex that they were worried it was going to impact on other other benefits that they were already dealing with quite a lot of crisis in their life and actually to fill in other forms was a barrier so what we did is we did a data match between the pupil school role and the housing benefit records and where there was an entitlement automatically and we increased the take up by over 90% so we did that because it was the council's data and we didn't have to share it with anybody that it was what we held but actually if we could across the health and social care partnership with our housing providers where there was still a duty of care and not contributing the data protection act but if there was something in the bill that for the benefit of reducing child poverty within the limits of the law that if there was an encouragement we are possible to share data for the power of good and to actually use the data sets that are available within the country and within the city to improve the lives and outcomes of children that that could be encouraged in some way Excellent Sonya, did you want to come into that with me? On the first question of how it will help me do my job more effectively as a jobbing public health consultant I see my responsibility to reduce premature mortality and to increase well-being and the quality of life and reduce inequalities in those and we can think of how we go about that as fundamental causes of reduced life expectancy reduced healthy life expectancy intermediate and immediate and being hosted as a broad specialty within the health service, within the NHS means that you're quite often pulled downstream to focus on issues around delayed discharge or avoidable admissions understandably so because that's what the chief exec is held accountable to in the annual review but having this as a statutory responsibility gives me a lever to say well actually we know that these fundamental causes of ill health and inequalities and health outcomes are what we should be focusing on and we now have a statutory responsibility to do that so it gives me that lever to rebalance and shift my efforts and care. Secondly what could be added to the bill to strengthen it from my perspective there's a few things I was struck by and I can't remember if it was Naomi or Jim's comment about the government having to set out the budgetary response in relation to the bill I think that would be really useful because at the end of the day it's about putting your money where your mouth is and where they're allocating resource so that would be really helpful also some guidance around the areas of other legislation which are really the fundamental causes of the poverty itself so employment, education particularly non-academic skills routes, childcare all of housing, affordable housing so being able to link those policy elements to the bill I think would be really useful as well and finally just in terms of local accountabilities community planning partnerships I don't think are mentioned in terms of local responsibility but really when we look at that broader set of actions which could reduce child poverty our community planning partners are really where it's at and I think drawing them into that reporting responsibility would be useful as well Fiona A couple of points that haven't been brought out so far I suppose to impact on child poverty is a cross-policy aspect and therefore it does need to come through in all legislation rather than just this and if I pick up on the community planning component all community planning partnerships have their local outcome improvement plan to have in place for the first of October and obviously within Glasgow because we are active within the child poverty you know we are having the discussions around how can I like impact on child poverty but where you have a local area that hasn't engaged in the child poverty agenda will you get that coming through naturally so I think in terms of what difference it will make for me in Glasgow dare I say probably not much because we are actually already very active and engaged in this but if I was in another area that hadn't really taken on board some of the child poverty components it might have a bigger difference and certainly when I first came into the agenda of looking at child poverty I was kind of overwhelmed with this sense of well what am I going to be able to do anyway because it is quite a challenging arena to impact on but it's been quite amazing what we've achieved in Glasgow in the last three years the cost of the school holiday work the cost of the school day work the healthier wealthier children work the loan parents work I mean we have managed to achieve a great deal of things from a start of zero so where you do focus on it it makes a difference and I think that's where I'm hoping the bill will have an impact across the rest of Scotland if I could do one thing though that would help me more it would be to have a greater influence on what DWP are doing I have requested information on how many families not single parent families but how many families have been sanctioned in Glasgow and I've not been able to get that data we have had people arrive at A&E where I think there's a child protection issue because of DWP policy but they are not required to comply with our child protection legislation here in Scotland so there's a whole stack of things where I could say do you know this would really help me if we were able to have influence in other spheres Thank you very much for that Sandra, do you want to come back in again? No that's okay we may be able to help you with that I'm not sure but we will check it up on the data Adam, do you want to go back in? Incredibly helpful set of answers thank you very much but I don't want to push you anywhere where you're uncomfortable going but we're legislators here and we need to understand your expert professional judgement about what should be in the legislation and what should be in guidance and regulations so if you do have views about that please do share them with us either now or in writing later because that's precisely the contribution that we as lawmakers can make to this to this field but thank you very much for those answers It's a continuation of that I was struck by I think it was Sandra was talking about the power of data and in relation to free school uniforms and at the phrase you talked about is that many people with a crisis in their life are just coping with life that's why many people don't apply for additional support so you have to find those people I have two questions I'm really interested in the practicalities on the ground so I really need to get some flesh on the bones so you've given one example of the DWP and that's quite a stunning example but what would you want in the delivery plan then if you could say that there would be one measure The Children's Commissioner many years ago talked about that every child or every family should have access to something like a health visitor or someone that would be support for that family and many families so the children don't get the grades because maybe they need assistance with their homework that they can't provide it could be anything so that stock means a very practical example to help families and children and my second question relates to what I think you said earlier which is quite important not just categorising areas of deprivation but trying to get the individuals who are equally in poverty but may not be in a deprived area so my first question is what would you like in a delivery plan in the first years having passed this bill You will open up to first Okay Sandra you go first I'll go first I suppose there's a couple of things one which was mentioned previously was about the use of devolved powers that the Scottish Government will have for welfare reform and there's a recent change that's happened in Glasgow right across Scotland was implemented from the 23rd of January and it was a benefit cap and just some of the results from Glasgow so that reduces the amount of benefit that a family can have or lone parents or couples with or without children to either £13,400 for single people or £20,000 for a family so there's 730 families in Glasgow being affected by that and 90% of them are families with children but some of the equates to just over 2,173 children but children are therefore obviously disproportionately affected by the benefit cap and if you think of that in a human rights aspect from Jackie's point of view the UK Supreme Court said that the benefit cap denied children the protection defined in the UN Convention of Children for Children's Rights and there is something about those kind of sweeping policies that change fundamentally change up to about £400 a month that completely change these families income levels and obviously we've tried to put in a coordinated approach to try and support those families through a health and social care partnership going out to visit every single one of those 730 families affected to see what else we could do for them but actually to use a discretionary housing payment budget to mitigate against the impacts and that would cost £2 million in Glasgow which obviously we don't have but there's a huge impact so I think one of the things could be is actually looking quite urgently across Scotland and looking to see how we could mitigate against that especially where there's children and families involved to see what could the change to that be I think the other thing is about the erosion of the working tax credit, child tax credit and child benefit which I know John had went through quite articulately so I'm not going to recover that but if there was any provision at all within the act to actually look at that and say how do we actually support trying to increase again the child benefit and stop the erosion of working tax credit and child tax credit if we really believe that working families and families affected by poverty we've now got more than 61% of the families affected that have children and poverty or working families in Glasgow so how do we address that through the uptake of welfare benefits, have a real concerted effort between national government and local government to make sure that everybody gets what they're entitled to whether it is healthy start vouchers, whether it's welfare benefits whether it's the take up of working tax credit, child tax credit or as I've mentioned before about everybody having access so sharing that data exercise that we did to make sure everybody gets their free school uniforms to make sure everybody gets free entitlement to free school meals as well as other supports like access to leisure activities and all the free things that other local authorities and board areas can provide so that real holistic support about what we can do to support families to me in the first year if we could actually target some of that then I think that would be a huge way forward thank you we want to come in next Jackie the bit that I would like to strengthen in the bill and this was part of our response which went in originally was about the gender dimension of child poverty and again we've I suppose looked at this for years in terms of how we tackle child poverty locally and particularly loan parents and as Fiona mentioned we've done a lot of research recently on the impact of welfare reform on loan parents and what we can do practically in a local area to meet their needs working age loan parents are the group most affected by welfare reform and they're losing about £2,500 a year but that is a whole perfect storm of the impact of the inequality in the labour market the fact that loan parents have difficulty with childcare the fact that jobs aren't flexible so I would really like to see that as one of the areas that we impact on quickly and I suppose in a very focused way in the bill and we do have a lot of research that we can share with you on that and some practical approaches as well look forward to getting the research then if you want to send in it be wonderful if you want to come in next thank you thank you we could do things at you all afternoon to be honest but the one that I'll pick up on is DLE for children through healthier wealthier children we have come across a number of families that have not been claiming DLE for their children that are entitled to we as a health service know when children have a disability we are working with them there must be an easier way for families to get DLE than the current system I'd love to see the basic income guarantee I don't think that's possible with devolved powers I'm not sure that would be probably more your area of expertise than mine but I think there's a growing body of evidence again to suggest that that would redress a lot of our problems in terms of absolute and relative poverty and under employment a whole raft of things I'm a big enthusiast for it and then child care affordable child care, flexible child care is another area that undoubtedly would have a big impact on child poverty I would also endorse what my colleagues have said in particular Sandra's point about automation where possible of benefits a colleague of mine, a GP in drum chapel talks about the collusion of exclusion where we're quite happy to tolerate levels of non-access where people are eligible and they're not claiming and actually I think we need to go the extra mile to provide that link between eligibility and access where we can very much, Pauline, did you want to come back in on anything? No, that's wonderful, thank you very much it was just the other question was just if you could say anything at all about how we you talked about areas of deprivation but we know from the data that you could live in an area of deprivation but you're still in the minority and it's taken that individual who's still living in poverty but might be living in one of the areas not targeted It's just to mention again healthier wealthier children and that is the benefit of tackling child poverty through mainstream health services because people are in contact with their midwives they are in contact with their health visitor and it's a we call it inequality sensitive practice so it's about looking at the social circumstances of the person that's come to you in whatever health appointment and that's where we've been able to develop those pathways into mainstream financial inclusion support so we do have a lot of things on the ground and I think you've heard some really good examples of those out nationally we would actually start to tackle child poverty in an incremental way That's great Can you hear me okay? I just wasn't sure if you could hear me Can I just add on, tack on to my last response income maximisation as well so healthier wealthier children and I know you've already asked others about that the Royal Hospital for Children in Glasgow also has a financial inclusion programme which is currently under threat because it's funded partly by the third sector and one of the funding partners is no longer able to commit to it but it has been raising on average £4,000 per year per family in contact with the service so again there was some way that we could link some of my senior management colleagues in the health service would say that's a DWP responsibility but there was some way to link whoever's responsible for income maximisation into our universal services and just to come to your second question about being able to reach individuals who are deprived who are not necessarily living in deprived areas, Pauline I would say proportionate universalism is the solution to that and I think that also answers the question about that dichotomy between targeting universalism proportionate universalism for me overcomes both if we can get it right and health visiting the old system of health visiting where we had core additional intensive and good example of a proportionate universal service Thank you very much Fiona, you wanted to come in on that Just to pick up on that point a bit further one of the unique things of healthier wealthier children is that we sold it to parents as having a child does affect your pocket so in other words we're not selling it on the basis of you're in poverty you might value this service but over 70% of the families that have used this service are in actually extreme poverty so by having a universal a more universal service doesn't necessarily mean you can't reach the people you need to reach but we are very conscious that quite often we would make personal decisions to exclude ourselves if it was going to give us a label that didn't actually help us or make us feel any better about the circumstances we were in so being able to support people without making them feel any worse is fundamental about how we actually approach it Thank you Ben did you want to go in the supplementary a couple of supplementaries I wondered Sonia Scott if you could just elaborate further on what difference you think providing free childcare makes to addressing child poverty Well I think we know that childcare is one of the biggest costs facing families particularly lone parents I'm not sure about the affordability of free childcare but I was asking for affordable and flexible childcare it seems just from face validity it would have a significant impact I'm not sure if others have statistics to hand that they could quote but yes I think it would have an immediate impact on child poverty Fiona Sorry that we've done around the cost of the school holidays as well because we did a bit of work with families in the north of Glasgow looking at the issues around the school holidays and childcare provision was a major issue and cost actually was fundamental there was more childcare available than was being used but people couldn't afford to use it but it's not just about cost it's also about the flexibility and the timings and the other issue that came through very strongly was for children with additional needs the childcare options are extremely limited Fiona In terms of the link with insecure employment and people on zero hours contracts I think that was one of the things that came out quite strongly in cost of the school holiday as well so again having that flexible free childcare would overcome we're hearing stories about people losing employment because the insecurity and unpredictability of their work patterns mean that they can't access childcare very easily Thanks very much It's just another point that Sandra McDermott brought up the issue of the benefits cap and I just wondered in your experience over recent years any other elements of UK Government welfare reform that you believe have had a detrimental impact on efforts to tackle child poverty I would say that most of the welfare reform changes whether it's a freeze on benefits up to 2020 or whether it's the changes to the tax credit system whether it's this benefit cap the previous benefit caps that have had the bedroom tax there haven't really been any welfare reform changes that have benefitted people in poverty quite clearly in Glasgow alone the impacts of welfare reform have seen £348 million a year been taken out as the Glasgow economy but that's really been taken out of the pockets of our most vulnerable within the city which include families with children in poverty includes lone parents includes people that are striving to try and get back into the workplace that are completely affected by these changes so actually most of them I could actually go through and say there's a complete impact and cause and effect and if you look back to 2012 there was one food bank in Glasgow as a result of welfare reform and potentially other things that have happened in Glasgow we've now got over 70 food banks in Glasgow so there's an absolute cause and effect of the changes the welfare reform changes by UK Government and how it's impacted in the levels of poverty in the city it's absolutely unquestionable in my mind Anyone else want to come in on that particular question? Just to say we do have some evidence of that as well we do an adult health and wellbeing survey in Glasgow city every three years and the last time we did it we asked people if they had been affected by welfare reform and whether they'd benefited or not from that and in some of our neighbourhoods not one single person indicated that they had benefited but overall I think it was about 90% I can check that figure for you if you're interested that said that they had seen a reduction in their income as a consequence Anyone want to make one last comment on that question cos I've got Alison coming in the supplementary Alison Thank you convener Thank you all very much I think your evidence is really compelling and will be very very helpful indeed Given what we understand to be the impacts of these reforms particularly I think they are quite gendered and really have had a dreadful impact on women and children particularly I think Swansea of Scotland you spoke about the sort of gap between eligibility and access and certainly we've been taking evidence from welfare rights organisations who've spoken about the difficulty some people have just because well if you look at universal credit and the digital by default assumption that just mean it's just impossible for people we've heard of citizens advice you know advisors who are spending time setting up email accounts for people teaching them how to use IT I'm just wondering what scope you think there is you know in this bill to make sure that people have the right to access and obviously you know healthier, wealthier children that's people who are trusted by most people you would let them in your front door you trust them to help you just wondering if there's any innovative solutions to that access you know perhaps are we using schools as widely as we might I know stigma is an issue you know I remember when I was at school if you were entitled to free school meals some people simply wouldn't take them up because you had to stand in that separate queue now we're more empathetic and sensible now and we've taken steps in the right direction there but I'm just wondering what solutions you see to making access something that you can obtain without feeling stigmatised I want to go first I've developed in Glasgow and it's actually using our library service and that was because the libraries were seen as somewhere that was safe, that was trusted environment and actually with support from Scottish Government we actually set up our digital inclusion service within the libraries 23 community libraries in Glasgow and the library staff have now been trained to support people with digital inclusion and we've actually now recruited volunteers who are digital buddies that actually go in in a safe environment completely non-judgmental just to help people fill in forms set up email accounts help people apply for both houses and jobs online, help them through their claimant commitment to make sure that they're not sanctioned but also they've also through our financial inclusion worked direct access to wider financial inclusion support debt money advice where that's required and financial capability and I think the libraries are a unique source, a trusted source within most communities in most cities most towns that is somewhere that people feel safe going it's a good source of most now have got digital access if not all of them through the open reach programme that they've all now got that digital access and I think having it in that safe environment has made a huge difference we've also now built on that premise, we've now got our housing benefit and council tax benefit practitioners working within our local libraries and we've now also included our citizens advice bureau partners so that people get that immediate debt money advice prevention of homelessness work as well as access to wider benefits actually within that library setting and I would say it's something that is really welcomed for libraries to explore into being a community and community anchor and be able to provide that wider support and I think the use of volunteers has been a really interesting dimension to that as well Jackie The other thing which I haven't mentioned so far is the work that the GPs at the deep end have done in Glasgow and again this is about really having advice where people are so making it really easy to access so there's been people based in GP surgeries who can give welfare rights advice but the other thing is having people who can access records to help write appeals letters and so on so again that's been a very successful approach and that leaves the GPs to do their primary job which is to take care for people's health so there's been a very good example in Pawsal Park which I think has been written up so that might be of interest Sonia, do you want to come in on that? There's a plan for automation again though because you know Sandra gave a very good example of being able to use existing data sets to check eligibility and put it straight into you know credit union accounts or whatever so people didn't have to have the stigma or the difficulty with literacy of filling out a form. I mean we are all quite well educated and I looked at a healthy start form recently and I thought gosh I'm losing the will to live just pulling it up, I had difficulty clicking on the link finding it and it was quite a big complex form to complete so I think where we can automate and I think we can probably do that with existing data sets, we should do that and we should just give people the money directly but schools there are also examples of schools so any sort of community anchors like that schools are particularly good from a child poverty perspective obviously, health trust and government which sadly no longer exists was quite an innovative primary school that had a community development worker, a full time community development worker in the school and my understanding is that she did a lot of that sort of thing helping people complete benefits applications helping them with the IT side of it so you do need the human resource in addition to the facilities but where you can automate it seems to obiviate need for any of that Thank you Could I just unfortunately draw the meeting to a close I want to thank you so much for your evidence and the question we were able to answer we'll be moving into private session we do have a public meeting half past five round table discussion I think possibly the committee might want to make up a coffee before we start on that having the private session so we move into private session and thank you so much


The Senate and House of Representatives have identified rising rates of chronic conditions as a major public health concern. These conditions are defined differently than they were in 2010, but there is still a lack of understanding about how these conditions affect women differently than men. To better understand this issue, a clinical framework was developed to measure the NIH's investment in research related to chronic conditions in women. This framework showed that the knee has not been sufficiently focused on the needs of women with chronic conditions. To address this gap, the knee should expand its research focus to include more women-centered studies, create clinical trials networks with broader eligibility criteria, and use data science to better understand the effects of multiple morbidities on women's health. This article was authored by Sarah M. Temkin, Elizabeth Barr, Holly Moore, and others.


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