protection. If there is any party that wishes to move forward by amending the act, then my door does remain open to them, and I am happy to consider how the act can be improved. If Parliament wishes to repeal the act, then the Government's primary focus needs to be ensuring that people remain protected from those crimes and that vulnerable minority communities do not feel that they have been sidelined and marginalised. Ensuring protection to minority communities would be something that everyone in this chamber can agree with. It is therefore something that we would hope we can work to build a consensus around so that we arrive at a practical and at a workable way forward. Delaying commencement is one option that would allow us to ensure that we have the time to put necessary protections in place and, in particular, to look at how the protection offered by section 6—a very important provision, as we have heard in the debate this afternoon—can be maintained in relation to threatening communications. We are prepared to explore all the options available to find a secure way forward, which will address the concerns that have been raised by religious organisations and equality groups and groups such as Victim Sports Scotland, the Scottish Women's Convention and others. Concerns about the negative message that repeal will send, a message that can only realistically be addressed by ensuring continuity of protection to such communities. I would say to those who are supporting repeal that they should reflect very carefully about the impact of their decision to repeal the act. What is the message that is being sent to minority communities and victims of hatred and discrimination? There is surely a danger that the message being sent is that the rights of the abusive, bigoted minority are more important than the rights of the majority who are fed up with this hateful and prejudicial behaviour. Saying that we need to stand up to abusive behaviour at football is no good without action, and repealing the act with no alternative to offer, no plan to ensure continuity of protection to vulnerable communities is worse than taking no action. It is dragging us back to where we started and will completely fail, Presiding Officer, to make the matchday experience one that really is open to all. I now call James Kelly. You take us up to decision time, please, Mr Kelly. Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer. Let me start by echoing the comments of Joanne Lamont and Fulton MacGregor. I am sure that every member of the Parliament will agree that hateful or sectarian behaviour, whether it takes place in the street, in a local community, inside a religious venue or at a football ground, is completely unacceptable and should be tackled. As the debate is well known, there have been some sharp disagreements. We obviously agree in the terms of such behaviour as unacceptable, where the disagreement is is how that is tackled. One of the strands that has come through in the debate is that there were different contributions from the SNP Benchants. I did not agree with Marie Gougeon, but I thought that she argued her case very well. However, there was a strand coming through that there is an issue about football fans. Football fans are a problem. We need to deal with them. I think that it is that attitude that brought the legislation forward in the first place. Not just yet, Mr Dornan. My experience as a football fan since 1969 has watched things move through the years. I do not seek to gloss over any recent events or any public disorder, but the issue of sectarianism and fan behaviour has improved dramatically in that time. I was at the 1980 Scottish Cup final where fans fought actively on the pitch and ran down the terraces. I can get back up the terraces for people running down to get on to the pitch. We are not living in those times where people actively threw bottles in the grounds or fought out in the streets. Things have moved on. It is that context that perhaps some of those in the SNP Benchants who clearly do not have any experience of football should remember. We also heard a lot about the disposed gap in the law, but, as John Finnie and others pointed out, in the law society evidence, they were very explicit in terms of the different law suites that were available in relation to pre-existing law. The one thing that has failed to be answered throughout the whole of the debate that we have had today is particularly in relation to section 6. How are we going to resolve the grey area that the section 6 was designed to resolve in the communications act in 2003, the gaps in sentencing and the extra-torial jurisdiction and the powers there? How are we going to overcome and resolve all those issues if we repeal the act? James Kelly. I will reflect on all the points that have been raised in the debate. However, when you have a section of an act where there was only one conviction in 2015-16, it is clearly not working. It is all very well standing up and making a point about extra-territorial application of that law. However, as the police officers have told us, if the threshold is too high, it is just a law in paper and it is not a law in practice, so that is something that clearly has to be addressed. Ben Macpherson made the point that I should not rush ahead with the legislation. Perhaps I could point out that, in terms of progressing it, I had my first meeting with the non-governmental bills unit in the first week of June 2016. I have been working on the legislation for more than 18 months. As it has outlined at the start, there is quite a robust process to go through, so it is not a case of rushing through. James Dornan. I ask Mr Kelly then, if he has been working for this for the best part of two years, why he has not got an answer to the question that Mary Gougeon has asked him. James Kelly. If he has actually been listening to Mr Dornan, I gave a direct answer to the point that Mary Gougeon raised. Ben Macpherson should not rush ahead with the legislation. Others said that I need to make some progress. I am sorry, Mr Macpherson. I do need to make some progress. Others have suggested that we should wait on the outcome of the Brackendale review into hate crime. That review does have an important place to play. However, as Liam McArthur pointed out to the Justice Committee, the Justice Committee is currently considering the several litigation legislation, which is a result of the Taylor report, which was produced in 2013. I do not think that we can wait four years to deal with the legislation, particularly when the law is so discredited, so weak and needs to be taken off the statute book. The other point that the minister repeatedly made and others about the need for amendments, and I was quite amused by that. All the way through the previous Parliament, the SNP was not interested in any amendment. It was repeatedly told us that we needed the legislation, but the minute it got into trouble, the doors opened to amendment. The point that I would make is that of all the speeches that were made about how people accepted that amendment needed amendment, nobody from the SNP was prepared to articulate the problems with the act and prepared to put forward any concrete ideas in terms of evidence. Annabelle Ewing. I gently suggest to the member that, surely, there would be reason to consider how we working together collectively with consensus can improve the act to give the protections that people need, rather than simply taking away all those protections with Mr Kelly's bill. James Kelly. I have made it absolutely clear that I think that this act is discredited. It is discredited because, for the central points that people have made in the debate, it does not work as an act of law. There are confusions around interpretation and, as the law society pointed out, that could result in further legal challenge, so it does not actually work as an act of law and needs to be taken off the statute book. One of the points that was made to me was what was the alternative. I have outlined an alternative previously, and I did in Malton in speech, but for those who were not listening, I will go through that again, picking out some of the strands and what we heard. First of all, a law that sends out a weak message. Look at the debate this afternoon. Apart from the SNP, no opposition politician has supported the act. What sort of message does that send out? It is clearly not an act, and it has got any credibility. It is not working, so, first of all, if you take that off, it is more effective. We need one law, if people commit hateful action in the street. Outside of our largest venue at a football ground, it should be tackled, but we need one law to do it. We do not need two laws. We also, as John Finnie pointed out, should look at alternatives to prosecution, and Sackrow made that point at the committee. We need investment in education to tackle sectarianism. We need a different approach, because clearly the current approach is not working. Only 7 per cent of the religious aggravations were focused around football grounds, and we need to bring fans, police and football clubs together, as the Scottish Football Supporters Association has suggested. In moving to my summing up, Mr Dornan described me as a compliant politician, and I have to say that I found that remark deeply insulting. I have consistently opposed that act. If there is bad law in a Parliament, it is a responsible job of a member of that Parliament to call that bad law out. What I have been complying in is calling out an ineffective and unfair law. What we need now is that there is a notice here on the Government to try and bring people together. The case in terms of the existing act is completely discredited. We need a more unified approach that brings together the politicians, the fans and the groups outside Parliament and produces an approach that tackles sectarianism and does not hide behind a law that is not working. With that final point, Presiding Officer, I submit my view in support of the general principles of the repeal bill. Thank you very much, and that concludes our debate on the offensive behaviour of football bill at stage 1. We move now to the next item of business. Before we do, I just want to say a few words following this afternoon's First Minister's questions, and I have to say that I was very disappointed by the behaviour that displayed this afternoon at First Minister's Questions.  What I would also say is that I expect the best from every member in this chamber, and I am rarely let down. I understand that passions do sometimes run high and that, in the heat of the moment, intemporate language can be used. I will not hesitate to do so when necessary, but I do not see my role as primarily being one of rebuking or justising members, rather of standing behind you and allowing you to be the best that you can be. In those occasions, I try to allow members the opportunity to reflect on their behaviour rather than escalate matters. It is noticeable that the First Minister did exactly that and used the opportunity of her final answer to reflect on the importance and power of words. We will move now to the next item of business, which is decision time, and there is one question today as a result of today's business. The question is that motion 10072, in the name of James Kelly, on the offensive behaviour at football and threatening communications repeal Scotland Bill at stage 1, be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to vote. Members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on motion 10072, in the name of James Kelly, is yes, 65, no, 61. There were no abstentions. The motion is therefore agreed. That concludes decision time. I close this meeting.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Leighton Sports Guards and I am ripping a personal here for Michael L We've got a 2022 Bowman chrome baseball hobby box. Best of luck Michael. Uh, thanks for hopping in Let's see where you can hit you Nice color autos earlier out of this See another orange Magical alvarez bailey mendez and dela Cruz curvy akunya akila Watson and Lonnie white jr. Honio Cruz on the rookie base Contreras green rookie of jake berger for the white socks When it's 41 of 99 arias first and Watson aeronado chris Bryant. We have a jake rucker jake rucker twins first auto rucker Zavala and Gutierrez first Abrams, soto allen faunas and drew baker last pack of mini box one trout stanton. We've got shimmer first of riccardo cabrera for the reds crow armstrong and wool bay second mini box filet druffy mountcastle matias allen and frailet joe ryan poolholster on kenzie noelle paulino and lorenzo Goldsmiths aliremos rookie on the uh aqua ray wave to 199 brandon march angels Fernandez and triantos McKenzie gore. We've got gold first auto of willy vasquez 39 and 50 There you go, michael nice troop gold first On the vasquez Heck, yeah, we'll take a gold first montgomery and akunya first Nice color coming out of bowman chrome this morning lurad We've got rookie refractor of gavin sheets white socks to 499 panetta and jameswood And last hockey for you Tucker alonso it came to the league artega larriguez and luciano Alrighty michael that will do it on your bowman chrome box. Congrats again on the uh troop gold first We'll get these right out to you


So, hello. Welcome to the CSDMS webinar. I'm your host, Mark. I'm a research software engineer at CSDMS. The title of today's webinar is a little different than what Steve put on here, but that's okay. We were talking about that. So the title of the webinar is the USGS National Hydrologic Model, Continental Scale Modeling for Decision Making, Research and Education. The webinar will be presented by Steve Markstrom and Rich McDonald. Steve has been a hydrologist with the US Geological Survey in Lakewood, Colorado for over 25 years. His specialty is in the development and application of hydrologic computer codes for surface and groundwater modeling studies. He's currently working on approaches that allow these models to be run in near real time. Rich is also a hydrologist, modeler and application developer with the US Geological Survey also in Lakewood. His interests include applications of surface water, riverine flow and sediment transport, eco hydrology and new coupled applications using the CSDMS modeling framework. So after the presentation, we'll open the floor for discussion. Everyone can unmute their mics and ask questions. Also feel free during the presentation to use the chat window to ask questions and I'll try to collect those and feed them to Steve and Rich at the end as well. So a side note, I've actually been working with Rich and Steve for over a year on a project that got initial funding from the USGS. It was on the recommendation of the USGS Community for Data Integration. And some of our results will be presented today. And on a personal note, that collaboration has been awesome. I really enjoyed working with that. So thanks guys for coming today. All right, so with that I am delighted to present Steve Markstrom and Rich McDonald. So take it away guys. Thanks Mark for that great introduction. So let's get it. Rich and I, Rich McDonald and I are, we're going to do a tag team here. So I'm going to start off and kind of give a little bit of context for what you're going to see later which is really a live demonstration of what our collaboration with the CSDMS team has been all about. So just be a little patient and may not sound like what you thought you were signing up for, but bear with me and we'll definitely get there. So, as you can see from the title of this part of the talk about something we're calling the National Hydrologic Model. Go ahead to the next slide, Rich. As a little bit of background, the USGS has more or less offices like in every state. That's not exactly true, but that's the way to think about it and people, scientists in our offices are experts in their part of the country and what happened was all of these watersheds that you see here. were models were set up in those areas by the local USGS experts and then we is kind of, you know, national, you know, the national developers of the model. We decided what we wanted to do was basically run the CMIP climate change, the weather sets, you know, 100 year weather sets through the models that the watershed models that we already had set up and we thought that would be a great idea. And it worked. And we had a study. It was more than 10 years ago, but we set up a study of this. You can see all the different areas and the watersheds we set up.  And here you see the idea of what we're doing. Go ahead, click again. There was a problem with this, however, is that all of these models set up in different ways, right? They were parameterized differently. They were using different data sets, different configurations of the model and different calculation studies were used when setting these up. Because they weren't set up with the idea that we were going to do an integrated study with them. And part of, you know, I would say our study was 50% evaluating the CMIP climate change scenarios and 50% evaluating the model or set up these models, right? So I'm going to click on the next slide. So the idea was maybe for this kind of study in the future, we would set up a national hydrologic model, basically treat the whole lower 48 as a giant watershed, okay? And model it all in the same way. So these three circles over here, physical models, geospatial fabric, input data, those are kind of the components that we worked on to make this up.  All right, so the first thing I'll talk about is the geospatial fabric, basically how we define space for this national model. Click again. Okay, so some of you may know what the NHD plus catchments are. We defined the left and right banks, contributing areas, like the watershed contributing areas to each of each stream segment as our definition of space. And that's kind of what you see here. There's more than way more than 100,000 HR use or spaces in our, essentially, like I said, our watershed model of the lower 48.  And what we did was we only took, okay, so somehow we have to characterize these, these spaces or these HR use to get them to work in our model. So we only took like land cover and vegetation and, you know, DMS that had the full extent of conus and then we characterized our model with these conus wide data sets. Next slide. We do have the ability to run the model with evolving landscapes to match the evolving climate or weather data. This is an example, but this makes it a lot more complex but that is possible. Next slide. Okay, go ahead and click the next thing I'm going to talk about are the actual models that we're running here. The daily models, go ahead click Rich. Okay, so underlying the, the NHM or what we're talking about here the actual simulation model something called the precipitation runoff modeling system. And you see a little schematic there of how PRMS views the hydrologic cycle basically the driving the drivers the weather drivers precipitation temperature solar radiation those things kind of come in at the top you see a layer called plant canopy moves down towards the land surface. The characterization that was done with those, you know, the land surface and vegetation coverages existed at that layer between the atmosphere and the soil zone. But the point here is to really get this box over on the right is to generate stream flow. That's kind of our, our final output variable in the chain and that's kind of what everybody's looking at but all these other states are simulated as well. Next slide please Rich. Alright, another aspect. You're okay. Okay, another aspect of this we won't show animation here. If you look at the box, the conceptual diagram on the left. Basically this part it's implemented as a module and PRMS is simulating both the water budget and the heat budget on 150,000 or more, more than 150,000 stream segments on a daily time step and that's the animation that you're seeing on on the right and you see it varies by region by see you know the stream temperature varies by season by region by you see storms moving across the landscape that's a lot of the flashing. So, to kind of parallel along with mean daily stream flow were simulating mean daily temperature and this operational model we talked about does that as well. Okay, next slide please. Another, okay this is kind of unrelated to what we've seen before but another kind of important part of this is like you're running a model for the entire conus. That's a pretty big model and it takes a long time to run and a lot of and not very many people are actually interested in running all of conus at the same time what they're interested in is the area, you know where they're the expert or the or where they're being paid to do a modeling study. So we've implemented some software, it's called bandit and this box over here on the left what you see are all the HR use of conus, but clip down right this is the conus map but clip down. And then in here, you see, and a smaller watershed that might correspond to like one of the watersheds that we were looking at on my. You know, second slide, like, modern watershed modeling studies right this could be an area that you want to do a watershed modeling study so we have software that you identified the area that you want to model and in this case it's identified by a stream gauge, a location of a stream gauge at the outlet, and the HR use and the stream segments and all of the input and all the output is subset it from the big model from the conus model and the idea here is that this small model runs exactly the same way these HR use run exactly the same way as they do when they're running inside the big model, but it's not the big model right it's a small it's a small model that people can use for their individual study and here you can see somebody's refine some smaller HR use inside of it anyway, I think if you're going to do this modeling at this kind of scale you have to provide something like this kind of pull out next slide please. Okay, and we're, I've used the word operational national hydrologic model in this talk and the question is, so what does that mean when I say operational so one thing is this particular version of model has to run on. Desktop on laptops on max on Linux windows, we have a cray high performance system the USGS and this same model has to run exactly the same way and all these platforms. So what we've done is implemented it in Docker. And if, and if you have a machine that runs with that will run Docker, you can go to Docker hub and download exactly what I'm talking about here and get it to run on your machine to look please rich. Okay, another thing that makes this operational is we have deployed this chain or pipeline of Docker containers on the Amazon cloud. It runs every night on the Amazon cloud, and that is a big part of what makes this operational is that this model runs automatically every night. We are using the so called s3 or simple storage service. When our model runs in the cloud, it dumps all of its files, maybe not all files but a significant set of the files to s3 so we as humans, I guess can pick up the output. That's another important thing is to be able to get what the cloud is doing click again rich. And the final thing is that, and I kind of alluded to this we connect version of the model to make it operational connects to a web data service called grid met. It's a relatively high resolution weather server that provides temperature precipitation humidity relative humidity solar radiation all that kind of stuff in a near real time setting and the data is available on a daily basis from basically 179 through yesterday. So we've set it up so our model is driven with this weather near real time weather service. Okay. These four things are what we call operational next slide please. And I'm done basically and rich is going to show a this this is actual output from our conus national hydrologic model this is like a two year run daily time steps. You see some of the drivers, animated in the upper left or that most left hand column and then different storages that the model is simulating you see those running at different speeds and then fluxes in the third column from the left and then finally stream flow and stream temperature are shown in the lower right hand corner as this model is running again on a daily time step through time. And that's the end of the back the background of what you're going to see rich talking about next which is really our collaboration with CSDMS. Thanks Steve. So, before we get into that I also want to mention that that version of the NHM that Steve was just talking about is available on our GitHub site, and you can go and download that and run it on your own machine so it's really it's a set of containers that go out and test to see that the grid met data service has been updated today for yesterday's climate. And then it does a 60 day pull of that climate data, because that climate data is considered provisional over the last previous 60 days. And then it runs PRMS with some pre and post processing of the data formatting around the PRMS run. And finally reruns PRMS to increment the hot start file by one day and extract the results, and you can set that up in a cron job yourself and have it run every day and generate output at a conus level. And that output that Steve was talking about is used currently for a conceptual map of water availability that served every day from the model output. Okay, so we're going to talk about our, our collaboration with the CSDMS community to, to test the capabilities of the BMI and pi MT as a tool for coupling USGS models together or USGS models to other models basically to test that coupling capability. So integrated modeling is an important component of the US geological surveys science strategy, and it's also been identified as a priority challenge for the USGS by the National Academies of Sciences. And one of the outcomes of the integrated modeling prediction. And one of the reasons why the collaboration of the USGS five year plan was to develop and deliver a modeling and prediction collaborative environment or a sandbox that can be used to couple hydrology and other environmental simulation models with data and analysis, and that's the context in which we began our collaboration with CSDMS to, to look at sort of proof of concept of wrapping some code in in a BMI and testing the coupling capabilities. More recently, the USGS is initiating an initiative called earth map, where earth map kind of lies in the common, common area of data and information integration integrated predictive science and actionable intelligence. And this idea of a sandbox from a computational modeling perspective I think lies within that same shared common space. So I'm sure a lot of people here today are familiar with this CSDMS model framework or the BMI and pi and pi MT, but I'm just going to review it a little bit from my own perspective. So component models encapsulate a set of related functions into a reusable form. And if you look at almost all model coupling frameworks, they all initiate from this idea of component models. In object oriented programming a class bundles data and provides methods that operate on the data within a single unit or component so you can think of your model and, in this case, PRMS we're going to turn it into a component, a modeling component. And components communicate with each other via an interface. And that's where CSDMS BMI comes in the basic model interface, it provides a uniform software interface that allows model components to communicate with each other.   And then there are a set of uniform setter and getter functions that allow you to set or retrieve information from that model component and pass it to another model component. And then there's some time functions and there's much more to it but that's that's the basic gist. And what's really cool about what CSDMS is done is, is you can have a model that's written in a variety of languages C, C++, Fortran or Python. And if you apply the BMI or you componentize those models and apply the BMI to it. They have a really nice way of then wrapping that code in Python, and providing a bunch of tools that allow you to facilitate coupling of one model to another. But think about it you're, you're, no matter what the underlying programming languages of your model, you can then start coupling those models together in a common language which is Python, and, and then using all the available packages that are used for data wrangling and presentation to that model coupled, coupled model. And that's kind of what we think a sandbox would do. And just as a small aside, the other thing is, I think data or data streams or data services can also be wrapped in a BMI and applied within that model coupling framework so we're we're going to also talk about a data service component. So our experimentation result revolved around PRMS. And what we did is, we broke PRMS into four principal components, a surface based based on on sort of the four principal reservoirs in PRMS the surface zone, soil zone, and groundwater zone and stream flow zone. So we decoupled the main PRMS code into these four components and we created a BMI and a model component for each of those. And, and as I was alluding to we also did that for the grid met data service. So I'm going to go through a quick demonstration, and I'm not going to go in depth into the code itself. But I think it's just just look at the model runtime interaction from a sandbox perspective. Pay attention to using data services. I'll just reiterate that PRMS is a, it's underlined code basis Fortran, and we're running it in Python. And that maybe that's more common these days but it's still really cool. And I think you'll see, you know if you're a modeler, and you're not used to this kind of thing. It's super fun. And all the code that I'm going to be showing today is available in this GitHub repo, and you can run it yourself on CSDMS is Jupiter hub, which is what I'm going to do right now. Okay, so now I'm in the CSDMS Jupiter hub, and we're looking at the repo here and I just want to note that I'm not going to go through it but, but there's two notebooks in here the first notebook is actually it's just a simple validation notebook. So what it shows is PRMS, BMI's recoupled back together to form a single model, and it's run and compared the output of that coupled model is compared to the straight output from PRMS.  Breaking PRMS wrapping it and putting it back together, it all works, it's great. What I'm going to show you is sort of a demonstration of what PRMS can do with the BMI. So we're going to look at a small watershed in North Dakota. This is this example I'm showing here is an example of an extraction from the Kona scale model with Bandit. The watershed we're looking at has 14 hydrologic response units or HRUs and seven stream segments following the main creek here pipe stem, following the main drainage pipe stem creek in this watershed. And this is part of the Prairie Pothole region in North Dakota. So here we go. So we're just going to initiate the model and you can see from PMT we're importing our surface soil groundwater and stream flow component BMI component. I've got just some bookkeeping stuff to do here I'm going to import some shapefiles that we can use to plot the results of the model output. And I'm going to just set the path to the run directory and the PRMS input files for each of these components. And I'm going to initialize the model. Remember, initialize is one of the BMI components. This is just simply we're reading in the model input file and configuring model getting it ready to run. And then I've got one other function here that's just simply reading those shapefiles into two pandas geopandas data frames, a data frame for the HRU data and a data frame for the stream segments. And also just to do some plotting of climate. I'm just importing the climate file that's used by PRMS for this model run. And here we're just plotting T max and T min and precip on the spatial footprint of that watershed to sort of demonstrate that you know to have something to look at what I did was I plotted the cumulative precipitation over time starting from a year at 365 days through 485 days. And what I'm going to do is I'm going to show the output we're going to run the model and look at the output around this precipitation event here at approximately one year and 90 days. And then we'll look at the output and we're going to then we're going to do two more things where instead of using the sort of pre formatted model input data input that's that is read from pre formatted files. We're going to use our grid met data service to drive the model. And then we're going to just do an impulse function on the on the watershed we're going to drive one HRU with a bunch of precipitation and look at the response. Here's just some other basic functionality of the BMI we're just looking we're grabbing the PRMS is now time and we're also just looking at the model start time and time and current time. These are BMI functions. Okay, so here's the coupling and I'm not going to go into great detail about this but essentially what I'm doing is I'm just setting up some arrays of the of the exchange variables between each of these four BMI components. So example surface to soil bars these are the variables that need to get transferred from the surface zone to the soil zone or surface to groundwater and what I did is I just created a set of functions to do those exchanges between the four individual BMI components. And again here you can see an example of the BMI functions where from soil I'm setting the value from surface of those bars so it's just here's the set value and get value so I'm exchanging information from the surface BMI to the soil BMI and I simply wrap those all up into one update coupled function that will use in the model as we step through in time. So I'm going to run the model for one year plus 90 days to get up to that time step where we notice there was a big precipitation event and we can look at the model output from that event. I'm also I'm going to just while that's running I'm going to step through a couple of these other functions because they take a little time to run and and I can talk about some of the output in a minute here as those as the model finishes running and we start plotting some output data. So you can see, I'm just stepping through in time and updating the coupled model for 455 days. And then I'm going to run that model for an additional seven days, and I've just, I've created just some helper functions here to plot the output as a function of time. And that's what we have here so from top to bottom, we're just increasing by a day and time, and from left to right we're just looking at some principle output from PRMS itself so we've got the T max temperature, the precipitation, the total soil moisture within each of the HRUs, the surface runoff, and subsurface from the soil zone and groundwater zone contributions to the stream channel the stream channel through that watershed. So, you know, you can see as we get a large precipitation event here. Soil moisture increases, and you can see some surface runoff, not too much subsurface flow or groundwater reservoir flow to the stream segment but you can also see that ultimately that flow gets to the stream segment and and moves as a slug downstream with time. So, then I also I just ran it for an additional 19 days which gets us to another precipitation event. At this time, I'm going to run it with this grid met data service. We haven't completely wrapped this in a BMI yet but that's something we're working on, we're almost finished with it but this function does essentially the same thing. Right now it's it's going out and it's fetching grid met data from the grid met thread server and formatting that data so that we can use it to drive precipitation and the min and max temperature of the model in real time. This should take just another minute or so. Sorry about the pause here. Yeah, so now it's it's actually running through its loop and and we're assigning temperature and precipitation pulled from grid met thread server to the model at runtime. So here we're just showing that same set of model output, but this time, rather than driven from from model formatted input files, it's just driven at runtime by going out to a data service grabbing the data, and then map, you know, and I think one thing is that PR masses has this unique fabric defined by, you know, shapes. derived from the shape of the watershed. The grid met data is actually gridded data so the other thing that that function does is it maps it from gridded data using a weighted area function to each of the HR use. And you know, maybe in this case it's not the most efficient use of it, but one of the other things that we're interested in doing is driving this model with seasonal to sub seasonal forecasted data. And in that case, it really makes sense, because at every day you're essentially going out and getting getting new model data to drive the model, and in that kind of application this I think this data service idea makes a lot of sense. Okay, then, and for our last sort of forcing here, rather than forcing it with the data we're just going to override everything. And, and we're just going to apply a precipitation event of three inches per day to a single watershed, and then look at the response from that impulse to the system. And this is something you might want to do when you're setting up a new model and you're trying to understand how the model response to specific events, oftentimes what you like to do is run the model and kick it in the butt some way and and see how it responds. So that's what we're doing here so now we've applied a large precipitation event to just a single HR you and we can look at the response of that time. And you can see the soil moisture goes up. The surface runoff goes up, but only lasts for a day, and both the subsurface reservoir and the groundwater reservoir continue to continue to lend flow to the stream segment itself and you can see that the stream segment gets a big pulse of flow, and that pole starts migrating downstream through the segment. So another way you can look at that is simply by taking the output from PRMS itself as net CDF files, and then plot the data as a function of time for for for one or more of the HR you so that's that's what we're doing here we're just simply looking at the value of those variables as a function of time for a single HR you within that event. And then finish PRMS up by finalizing, and that just closes everything out. And, and then we're done. So that's, that's the end of my demonstration. Steve, I'm going to pass it back to you. Okay, so I asked to, or asked, I would, my job now is to put a little summary on all this and after seeing this particular demo, I mean I think it kind of self, but as a, as an old time, you know, old time hydrologist and hydrologic modeler. I mean to see, like how all of these technologies kind of come together and really fundamentally change the way we would then then this kind of hydrologic modeling could go forward right like using the Jupiter notebook to record the workflow and integrating the graphics right in with the model and stepping forward. Being able to step forward in time and see the response in space and time of what the model is doing for some selection of variables you know as rich showed this to me and instead of having like a spinning hourglass right you have the output of the model plotting and creating for a bunch of different variables right just using this kind of like all the course the BMI is to be able to give this kind of access to the individual parts of the model. This is something as you know I'm not a can not really a computer scientist not a computer scientist, but seeing this application within this context of technology. I wouldn't have thought anything like this would be possible. You know, a couple years ago, five years ago, 10 years ago, I wouldn't have thought anything like this would have been possible at all. I think this really has the potential to change the way hydrologic modeling is done, because, you know, run physically based models. Finally, to kind of take it back to the context of physical, you know, physical modeling and what we do at the USGS you know, we're trying to solve real world problems, right. We're applying these models and doing modeling studies with them and you, if you think about how different components from different types of models, say, you know, other physically based models, groundwater models, water quality models, you know, whatever. These kinds of models could be coupled together the way rich showed to solve much broader kinds of problems than what we're solving right now with kind of how the models are broken down and I hope I hope everybody saw that or at least if you're interested in this kind of stuff I hope you got that from this demo because yeah I mean we want to show BMI is working and we're working tightly with CSDMS people but you know why are we doing this and the real reason is because we have an interest in broadening our modeling capability to solve a broader set of real world problems and I think this is a real approach to doing that, you know, I mean this is like the first step but this demo that Rich showed, in my mind it really shows a lot, really really shows a lot and I mean I'm not just trying to to toot our own horn here but this demo is using all these technologies kind of coming together and maybe that's what we'll leave with. I guess turn it back over to Mark and Rich and I are happy to answer any questions that people may have about what they saw today. Thank you very much Steve, thank you Steve and Rich and everyone let's thank our presenters, I'm gonna use my little reaction. Thank you guys for a great presentation and Rich that demo is so smooth. All right, so everyone if you'd like please feel free to unmute your mics if you'd like ask questions. I'd like to give a couple moments just for people to. Just for a moment or two to let people ask questions how about that. Mark I just want to say I couldn't have done it without you. Oh dude. Thank you very much Rich. You know awkward silences. So if you'd like also feel free to ask questions in the chat. Actually I think there are a couple. I have one. I think for Rich from Mary Hill. In your in your demo, the large array of maps with the stream flow time series on the right. What's the time series, what's the time of the maps. Yes, it's a daily time step so each each row represents a day, day and time. Thank you. If I'm not mistaken Rich the actual timestamps are specified, like just at the top of the. Yeah, we're seeing the time step, the timestamps there. So those timestamps up there correspond with each row of the. Visualization. And that came from a misunderstanding on my part that Greg corrected that which is, I thought. The figure on the right looked like a hydrograph to me. Oh yeah. I was thinking at the time. And then I was saying to think, well, how do you know where on time you are. Yeah, that's, that's just a spatial footprint of the stream segment in this watershed. Yeah. Is it the same scale as what's on the left? It looks like it's a little bigger. Good question. Mary, I'm not sure it doesn't look like it's the same scale looks like the plot has fit the stream segment itself rather than the the watershed. Yeah. Yeah, so I just got confused. Yeah. Awesome. I love this. You've done so much with this. I'm just thrilled. Thank you, Mary. Got another question from the chat. This is from Raj beer. He says great work. Questions is NHM competing. It was a competing model with Noah's national water model, or is it complimentary in some way. Okay. This is definitely. This is definitely complimentary. I think the focus in the out the focus and the purpose of the output is different. Right. What Noah is trying to do is really, I think, when they talk about operational, what they're talking about is running operational weather forecasts through their operational model to really do. I'll call it short term flood forecasting, whether you think like a week out or three days out is short term or not. But their model runs on an hourly time step the weather forecast are coming in an hourly time step. And they're really much more I think probably focused like on rainfall intensity and what that does to create flooding situations. The model definitely has a USGS flavor to it.  Some of our stream gauges go back 10 years 50 years more than 100 years. Okay, we like to run our models over those kinds of over that kind of period to. We're more of a trying to understand the processes that the hydrological processes that are at work and translating those weather into, you know, different components of flow, you know, that we're seeing here so so a lot of ways the models are doing the same thing whether making stream flow in a lot of ways it's a completely different kind of focus so I would say they're very much complimentary. I've got a question from Chang Liu Chang if you want to unmute your mic to ask you can. Hello. First I want to thank you for a very excellent talk presentations. So, from Pacific Northwestern National Laboratory. Over years I have used the PMS motor flow and GS flow, I probably have some emails to some of you earlier. So, yeah, thank you for all of the support and excellent work. And just, just follow up some comments have earlier. So, a lot of times that we are dealing with like extremely fan like floods on a national scale. I mean, for example, when you have some some extremely fan you have to consider the whole large overall basins water shall like Mississippi or Columbia. So, large scale and some of the question cannot be answered without with just with a simple small water shall models. I think that's well. The national hydro hydro model stand out to answer some large scale challenges. For example, the flooding maybe in the California, some on in the middle west. So, I, one of my questions, how, how far we from provide it. Lastly, I think there was a, there was a flooding in Michigan as well. Some small town was flooded. So how far we trying to apply this novel is high high tech national hydro model to to forecast for processing a better position, prepare for this type of extreme events. Okay, that's, that's a really good question.  As far as we're concerned, I mean I know people run on the globe. And, you know, so it's always going to be relative and I think the question. You really have to think about the questions that you're trying to answer as far as if the model is appropriate or not. I think that related to the last question we're not running on a sub daily time step we're not running on a sub hourly time step with this particular model. So, if you're looking at, you know, like thunderstorm type floods. This is probably not the system that you want to be looking at. If you're looking at. Okay, the snowpack, you know, in the Rocky Mountains or the snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is starting to melt.  And, you know, that that's another type of flood right, like our, like, how much storage do we have in reservoirs, how much, you know, those kinds of seasonal type floods, have we saved enough flood storage in our reservoirs you know those kind of questions. This model is probably more to those kinds of questions so you know, depending on what you call a flood and depending on like how fast the system is going to respond in that particular kind of flooding, you know, you may want to use this type of modeling or you may want to use something that has a much finer punch like the national water model or you know the warf hydro version of the weather services running so there's a lot of different questions that get answered and I think that you really want to use a system or model that's tailored to the specific questions that you're asking and I think that's why there's so many different models is because, you know, hydrology models is because people are asking different questions and that's, you know, and this we have, we're trying to fulfill an itch with what we're showing here and other people, you know, other agencies certainly have other responsibilities and other, you know, grad students are interested in different kinds of responses so I would answer your question that way it may not be a real satisfying answer but I think, you know, decide where your application fits and then get them all to fit that I think is would be my answer. Thank you for that explanation. Yeah, I think that's less for different type of scenarios, especially when we are talking about scales, both in the spatial scale but also in temporal scale and some of the process. So, for example, the one you mentioned like Russian forecasting like wolf hydros those may be a better position like to focus on some intense within 24 hours those kind of things may be a better position but for some some decadal or some annual seasonality maybe maybe this national hydro model might have better because we have a balance about performance and also the computational cost as well. Thank you very much. Yeah, this month, you know, not to this model that you're seeing here runs very very quickly, much more quickly than, say the national hydrologic model so we're able to generate ensembles, you know, like running for 100 years out running for 100 years back. This model is very runs very quickly and doesn't have you know the cost of that is we don't have all the detail detail in space detail and time detail and hydrologic process. This model does not have all those details but it runs much much faster. So that's another trail. Yeah. We have a few more questions from the chat I can address a couple of them quickly. So this presentation and the question and answer period afterward are being recorded. And we will send out an email when the recordings available. Also, it'll be available on the CSD mess website. The notebooks that rich use in his demo are all publicly available. I'll copy the Earl in the chat. And so you can see that one more I can handle quickly is the BMI so this is a question from Caitlin BMI if BMI needs support for paralyzed codes. That's a good question so the current answer is no although we actually are looking at that. Maybe I can, that's like I can say that it's very possible and we're looking at that. There are a few more other questions that I like to pass to rich and Steve. One is for vegetation cover and land use. Is it changing with time for a larger time horizon and for the steps in the model. I don't know if I quite transcribe that correctly there. But I guess is the vegetation cover changing with time as well in the model. Okay in the version of the operational model. The answer is no, we're not using dynamic land cover because what we're trying to use is there's this kind of combination we have to do of like the latest stable land cover kind of crossed with our best model calibration right so we have to we have to recalibrate our model to the vegetation we're using and in that in the operational sense what we're trying to do is the most important run of the model is the run that ran last night with the whether they ran last night so we're trying to use the most current land cover we can with the most current model calibration we can to generate yesterday's hydrologic response. Okay, in terms of the national operational model that's what we're doing. Now as I said we have made model runs with evolving land cover. And basically in that case what we do is we derive a set of input files that each correspond to updated versions of the vegetation and then we run the model and step forward until we hit that new land cover and then run the model till we hit that one. But so we can run that way but what we're showing right now is not being run that way. Hopefully that answers your question. Right, another question and we'll do just a couple more I want to try to keep us before 11 so you can keep it to an hour. One question from hurry. Do you plan to add mod flow to this framework, as well as water management. Yeah, so the mod flow group has been working with deltaris and they have a version of BMI wrapped around mod flow. I think that should be available very soon. And that's there and and there are other hydraulic models deltaris, their Delft 3D FM model also has a BMI. Those may not be available right now to run within pi MT, but they are able to run in Python together, and and there's lots of potential there for coupling. Maybe time for one more question here so this is from Sarah how or at what level of detail are stream channel characteristics like slope and hydraulic geometry represented in the model. She's thinking about using applique or think about applications for sediment transport. Okay, that. And that gets back to kind of this scale and resolution issue that we've talked about before so the, the model that we're showing right here is doing hydrologic mountain hydrologic routing. So we are running a time steps that do not necessarily support. You know momentum components. And again, you know the difference between hydraulic and hydrologic is we're looking at mean daily stream flow. So some of the properties like that are based on velocity, we're not able to do we don't really have cross sections, well we don't have cross sections. We're not running on a sub daily time step. So things. Think about like masking and routing and like, characterizing stream channels with roughness, using slope, using length, using like the mean daily storage type routing. And that's kind of maybe the level that we're at right now and again maybe that distinguishes what we're doing here from, you know the water model, which I'm not exactly sure what kind of routing they're doing in the water model but it may be more hydraulic. Of course, if you're doing sediment transport, maybe I don't know if Rich wants to jump in here but you really need cross sections. I mean you don't, but like the pros that do pros that do hydraulic routing are going to tell you any cross sections and I'm, you know, I mean there are things you can estimate but it is really more of a hydrologic type routing within this configuration that we're showing today and that that's why it runs fast right. That's why we can make 100 year runs in, you know, a few hours or an hour or something because we're not doing that kind of level. Okay. I don't know if you want to say anything rich. Yeah, I did. I, you know, the one way it might potentially be used is if the system you're looking at is suitable to model on a mean daily time step or mean daily flow. One thing that PRMS can do to add to hydraulic model is to provide engaged tributary fluxes.


Around one month ago we released a very surprised and very interesting video about the partnership between AutoDS and Costway where all of the dropshippers of AutoDS can get up to 3% discount for all of their purchases from Costway. In this video I want to show you how we extended this partnership to help you even more so you can really make profits not only if you're sending in the United States. Hello everybody so here is the new things that we just added it's very interesting to help many of you. So we got an email from Costway after a long and many talks with them about this that now UK marketplace France and Germany can also get 3% discount for all of the products from Costway. I want to show you how to get this if you go to autoDS.com blog and then you scroll down find that you can even use the search on the top but I will go here and I will go to Costway. Under this article you will have the link that if you use this link you will get the 3% discount for all of the orders. So just go here go here and click on the on this link right here and this link will send you to Costway so you can actually get the 3% discount for all of your orders for the market places that I just showed you. So if I go to Costway.com after I registered I can go to any of this for example a UK Germany and France just go and you can do dropshipping from these sites directly to eBay France for example it's a huge advantage because they have fast shipping inside the insane France Germany UK and US and for now you can get for all of these market places 3% discount for all of the products. I'm really excited about this I'm really happy about this partnership if you need any more partnerships with other suppliers just let us know this partnership by the way will also help you to get the dropshipping agreement much faster. See you on the next videos don't forget to subscribe to this YouTube channel and leave in the comments any question that you have about this supplier or dropshipping in general. See you in the next videos bye bye.


Hello, this is Nick from Laptop Media and today we will show you how to open the Intel version of the Lenovo ThinkPad L14 Gen 4. To access the device's internals, you have to undo 11 Philips head screws. The ones on the bottom are captive so they will slightly raise the panel and you can begin the prying process from there. Then you can work your way around the sides and on the back. For that, you have to eject the SIM card tray. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Here we have the optional 57 watt hour battery. The default version is a 46.5 watt hour unit and the top tier variant has a capacity of 63 watt hours. To take out the battery, detach the connector from the main board and then undo the four Philips head screws that fix the unit to the base. The optional model lasts for 20 hours of web browsing or 10 hours of video playback. That's a very good result. To achieve that, you have to apply the balanced mode in the Windows Power and Battery menu and set the scheme for battery to Balanced preset in the BIOS. Memory wise, you get two sow dims for up to 64GB of DDR4, 3200 MHz RAM in dual channel mode. In terms of storage, there is just a single M.2 slot for 2242 Gen4 SSDs. The NVMe is protected by a metal plate that has a thin thermal pad on the inside. Below the SSD, there is another pad. The W1 slot for optional 4G connectivity is placed on the right of the slots. The cooling comprises one large fan, two long heat pipes, a heat sink and a heat spreader. The zone where the heat sink is attached to the pipes isn't directly fixed to the chassis and you can wobble the pipes with ease.


Hi, everyone. It's Gabrielle and I'm over here at Oxmer Toyota today. You guys, I'm in our service lane trying to stay a little dry, but I wanted to do a little video on this truck right here. Now, this is a 2021. It's a Toyota Tacoma. It is a limited and it is in the Nightshade special edition. So you guys, this is the only one in the gray that is in the state of Kentucky. So let's go over some features on this one real quick. Now that front, you're going to have the carbon style black grille. You have LED headlights with the LED daylight running lights. So a couple of things that you're going to get with that Nightshade edition is you have 18-inch dark smoke alloy wheels. You're going to have the black wheel locks and lug nuts.  You have black door handles. You've got that black badging. And then if we want to look right here, this is a five-inch tube step. It is in chrome, really stands out against that gray. Now in the interior, you're going to have a black leather trim seating. You have the all-weather floor liners. You have premium audio. So you're going to have the JBL speakers. There's eight speakers with subwoofer and amplifier. You have an eight-inch touchscreen. There's going to be navigation. You have a wireless charger. You're also going to have Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Now if we want to move back here, you are going to have the LED lighting up there and you have a tunnel cover. And something else, if we want to move over here, you're going to have this black exhaust tip right there, which is really nice looking. And then you have your bed mat. And then you have your LED lights in here as well. All right, you guys. Now this is a beautiful truck. If you have any questions, if you'd like to stop in, take a look at it, please feel free to let us know. All of our contact information is right here. Thanks, everyone. Stay dry. I'll see you all soon. Bye.


I actually want us to be the best. Not to achieve would have been unacceptable, yeah. I'm Geoffrey Bell. I'm the chairman of AW Bell Proprzident. AW Bell was started by my parents, Alan and Sadie Bell. My father was a wood pattern maker in 1952. I've always said I first joined when I was about four because I spent every sat day, every weekend with my father. That's all I can ever remember wanting to do. We moved into wooden metal pattern making for the automotive industry. Over time we realised that we had to move into another field or disappear. So we started to look at aerospace, medical and defence. That took just over eight years to get the first order and I can still remember telling the company that I can't retire until you give me an order. Aerospace people such as Northwick Grumman, when they come out here they typically come out once every 12 months and they are amazed every time they come out of the advancements we've made, the changes we've made to our manufacturing process and improving and keeping ahead. I was lucky that I had a family that would really support me. I've got a son who's now running the business and with Sam coming on board he's actually taken to that next level. Dad's always been a very creative thinker and always looking for how we can improve our processes, how we can continue to develop and grow the business. The impact he's had on so many people in so many different areas was just astounding so we're extremely proud of him. I was very honoured to be nominated for an award. I'm proud of the company, I'm proud of the people that work for us. They do a fantastic job and without them, without the enthusiasm, you can't do it, you just don't get there.


Hi, I'm Joseph Wendelsen. I'm on my mission and I live here in Marietta This is just what I'd like to call my castle And I hope I get another one so I can make this bigger and bigger and bigger Till it's just right Joseph was diagnosed autistic at age three One of the first things that struck me was that my son was never gonna make a touchdown Joseph never really got picked for any teams because he was never on a team He never went to birthday parties That's hard went as a mom, you know We were really struggling with how he was going to go on a mission, but I knew that he would go on a mission There was a lot of prayer. There was a lot of fasting right around the time that he was 19 he started to pray and He prayed for a year We unanimously felt that a service mission was the best course for Joseph We didn't know what to expect and so we've kind of grown up together This Bishop storehouse has filled a great need here in this valley. I'm mostly doing the heavy lifting there and stocking the shelves or stocking the Cooler or the freezer. You should see him. He has a special coat that he puts on You know with mittens and a hat. He goes into the freezer the freezer box The patrons are getting hot hot chocolate and fruit drink and pancakes Syrup the peanut butter butter on of course the milk Just sometimes off the wall Just those fun things and it makes us all laugh When elder Wilson first started his mission He was very reserved and very shy and he didn't want anybody to touch him He didn't want even want to stand close to anybody and then one day his mom came to pick him up And all of a sudden he gave sister Fox and I a hug His mother was watching and I saw tears in her eyes and she said he's never given me a hug And we get grandma hugs when he leaves. He has made this a happy place Where we all want to be He's like a son to us Joseph is Helping change lives.


You should do everything within your practical power to resist the flesh. You should exercise willpower. You should use accountability with fellow believers. You should make decisions that keep you from temptation. But remember that we should be more focused on living by the Spirit than not living in the flesh. Why? Because if you live by the Spirit by default, you cancel out the work of the flesh. The power to live like Jesus comes ultimately from the Holy Spirit.


What's up guys, I've reviewed a lot of headphones in the past and I'm pretty excited for today's one. This is the One More Comfo Buds Pro. They are a very good competitor to my Apple Air Pods Pro and it's a lot cheaper. So I'm really excited to try this out because not only are these true wireless earbuds but they also come with a complimentary app that allows you to do a lot of things with the earbuds themselves. Let's go ahead and unbox this, try it out, give you guys an audio test and see how it performs. Okay let's go ahead and open this. So you can see it's got some nice little designs here from kind of like the wire framing design stages. Let's go ahead and open this. Now these are Quietmax Active Noise Cancelling wireless earbuds. They come in roughly around 90 pounds on Amazon. They come in two colors as well. So this one is the one in white, the one in black is slightly more expensive but they are just two colors at the moment. Okay let's just take this out. You can see there's a few specs that are written on top of this plastic case. I'll cover the specs in a second. So there is the kind of egg shell shaped case there. So let's take this off. So in here are three pairs of replaceable ear tips. You also have a one more carry case. So this one is in white.  And then you also have a USB-C charging cable. Now this is 28 hours of playback. So it's a very long battery life on this which is very impressive. It also has fast charge as well. So you can get a full couple of hours in in 10-15 minutes of charging it. Underneath that you also get this one more sticker. It's like a nice red one with a teddy bear. Then you also have a pretty big user manual covered in multiple different languages. So there's various different options that you can use with these headphones which is why there's a lot of information in the user guide. And I will be covering some of them as well so you guys are aware. Now let's take a look at the headphones. So you open it up. It's a very familiar design. So they look very much like the Apple AirPods but of course their specifications are slightly different. Compatible with both Android and iOS. There you go. That's how it looks. Pretty standard design but I feel like they're going to be a very comfortable fit because it is quite a large ear tip just at the end of these. The case itself is made of plastic so I feel like if you do drop this from a height it might crack. You'll definitely get some scratches on it but this can very easily fit in your pocket or your backpack or anything like that. So let me go ahead and pair this. So once I open this up it pairs instantly with your phone. The one thing I really like about these headphones which I've not seen in other true wireless earbuds like this is that they have five levels of ANC. So take a list of all of the active noise cancellation modes that come with these buds. The first one ANC strong that's the default one so that will give you up to 96% noise cancellation.  Then if you take this outdoors there's also a third option called wind noise resistant. So if it's a little bit windy outside but you still want to hear the environment noises around you the street the roads the pedestrians whatever it may be then that would be the perfect option to isolate the wind but you still hear clear music. The fourth one is called pass-through mode so that one has a very small amount of noise cancellation. You'll get a maximum amount of ambient noise as well as getting a bit of maintenance on very clear audio and as well as the deep bass coming through and then the last option is off so no cancellation whatsoever. Now there's plenty of key specifications that's worth mentioning I'll just list them out here go ahead and pause the video if you guys want to read more information about the capabilities of this but let me go ahead and pair this with my phone now and I'll give you guys an audio test there's a few things I want to do I want to test out those five ANC modes of course I'll let you guys know how the audio quality is but what I want to do is see how much noise leak there is from these earbuds so I'll bring this shotgun microphone that's just above my head a little bit closer to my ears I'll start off with ANC strong which is the default mode see if you guys can hear any of the music I'll use the app and I'll showcase the app to you guys as well and I'll switch through all the different ANC modes to see how much noise leak is coming so if you guys can judge based off of that to see how well this works that's great I completely understand you guys might be listening to this video in all different types of ways maybe you have some headphones from your laptop maybe you're streaming it on a tv so it might not be the most accurate test but bear with me and hopefully you guys can get a good indication of how much leakage there is by using these different modes so let me go ahead and do that now now that I have connected to the Bluetooth before I give you guys the audio test what I want to do is showcase to you the app so if you download the one more music app so when you do start using this app this gives you a lot more flexibility of what you can do with the headphones and you can even reassign a few things for the touch controls so let's go ahead and connect this so this is the app so pretty much it connected straight away by itself I didn't really need to get involved or select it from any of the settings it picked up the charging case nearby the earbuds while they were in my ears and it's already connected and it's great to see the battery percentage as well through here so as you can see the listening modes this is where I was telling you a little bit about the different ANC modes so strong mild pass through wind noise resistance which is WNR and then you also have off so right now as you can see it's off but just quickly run through some of the other options here you have smart playback you can also do a couple of different things for what happens when you take these in and out of your ears so like earbuds you can actually remove it and it will automatically pause your music and as soon as you put it back in it will automatically start playing again by itself so you can actually set that and I actually like that feature not only does it work in music if I've got this connected to my MacBook then I can also use that with the online services that when I'm watching my TV shows or my movies so when I'm watching Netflix it pauses the video when I remove it from my ears and then when I put it back it plays it again so that in-ear detection is a really useful thing to have if you don't like that you can also turn it off from here there's also some custom settings here so for touching and holding you can select what you'd like it to do for double tap you can select it obviously if I go into double tap there's some options here play and pause I feel like that's the one I most commonly use so I will leave it as that you can also use it as the previous and next track this is great because this actually allows you to be flexible on what to do independently for the left and the right earpieces not only that if you wanted to just listen to music in the left piece for example and not the right piece you can do that it's all independent and the music will continue playing in just one of them rather than having it required to play in both or none and again with the tapping three times you can set what you'd like it to do at the bottom you also have a quick guide to use the product so that's always useful to have now let's go ahead and play a song and I'll bring my microphone a little bit closer for you guys okay so the microphone is here and I'm going to be setting this at 80 volume because it is quite loud and I don't want to hurt my ears to have it at 100 but this is a very sensitive microphone so you should pick it up so let's start off and I'm going to have this on ANC strong then I'll go to mild then I'll work my way down to turn it off in those five modes that I mentioned earlier ANC is strong 80 volume now I'm switching to mild now to wind noise resistant now to pass through finally I'm turning it all off all right guys so what do you think can you guys slightly hear some of the noise leaks going through different modes and to be honest let me just say as soon as I started playing I immediately heard the deep bass and the quality in the audio was so good it's actually so much more powerful than my AirPods Pro so I'm super impressed with this to be honest and I feel like this is now going to be my top set of headphones that I'm going to use for my phone for my MacBook and just for the fact that I have these different levels of active noise cancellation rather than what the majority of all my previous headphones that have that feature just either on or off I think this does a great thing so it gives you more freedom of whatever situation you're in whichever place you're in to be able to select what type of noise you want to be able to come into your headphones and what you can hear from the outside world now that is really great and for the music and for watching movies and TV shows I think this is a great set of headphones I'm so impressed with this it's no wonder that on Amazon if you do take a look at all of the user reviews and not just my review here personally I think pretty much all of them are like five stars and they've been really really impressed with the quality on this and I have to agree with that one other test I really like to do as well to see what the audio quality is like for phone calls so I want the person on the other end of the line to be able to hear me very clearly everyone is working remotely these days and also when I'm taking meetings at home I want them to have very clear audio for everything that I'm saying as well so I'm going to switch over the audio that you guys hear by recording a test sample by connecting this to my MacBook Pro feeding this into an audio recorder app and feeding that back to you as if you're on the other end of the line listening to me as part of a phone call so let's go ahead and test that out now okay guys so you're now hearing the audio that's coming directly from the one more comfort buds pro I'm recording this in a voice recorder app on my MacBook Pro but I'm playing it back to you guys directly from using the microphones inbuilt into this I've had a playback of this as well myself and I think the audio quality is so good it's as good as the audio quality on my new MacBook Pro with the internal microphone which actually has very sharp audio and deep bass quality in its internal mics they've done an excellent job with the microphones I've reviewed plenty of headphones in the past which have had very poor microphones and when I've done this exact same test it's been so bad it's been mumbled the frequency in them it's just so poor but this is so clear I can even hear the deep bass in my voice as well so I can be very comfortable knowing that the person on the other end of the call is hearing very clear audio from me check them out the link is in the description below they run some offers from time to time but I also have a discount code for you guys so make sure you go ahead and check that in the description so you guys can get some discount on buying these on either the white or the black versions so if you did like this video and you do like headphone reviews and all things tech I have multiple videos out every week which I know you're going to like so make sure you go ahead and hit that subscribe button hope you like this video I will catch you guys next time take care