Wonderful. Just started recording and, I mean, I welcome both Karina and my friend Havi Atlantanen from SCB. Today they're going to talk about sustainable payments. It's not going to be that. It intrigues me a lot. So wouldn't waste too much time and I will leave the stage to Karina directly. Karina, welcome here for this chat with the community and I thank you so much for accepting the invitation. It's great to be here. I leave the stage to you and to Harry to detail your solution, what you're working on. Great. Thank you. Yeah, for inviting both of us and we have been working a lot last year with this proof of concept that we were doing and I will show you a couple of slides and together with Karina so that there is some background of what actually was done and why this was done. And we have been giving a header for the session from EU initiative, European Union Initiative called Twin Transition, which is meaning that we should put the technology work for sustainability, meaning that when we are now creating new solutions by new technology, that should be benefiting the planetary situation, not exploiting that we will come back into that item. And that was something that was also triggering us to look into banks holding data that we are having from customers when it comes to payments. And we have now opportunity to use that payments data for different purposes. And last April May when we started the journey, I was looking into some marketing tell and there were not too much cases where this kind of analysis was done, especially for business to business payment transactions. There is a lot of tools available for private versions, analyzing the transactions that and payments that people are doing from sustainability point of view, but not for businesses. And that was one of the key element why we started to investigate together with the customer. So creating a combo of bank, a company that Planeton and Karina is presenting an expert for sustainability analysis, and then a customer who is actually running payments with SCB. So that was the background for the case and the going further just by the second I get the control back to me. Please, Karina could you please start explaining the twin transition while we are talking about that? Yes, sure. Thank you, Harry. And hi everyone. And thank you, Andrea and Tom for having us. It's great to see such interest in the same interest that we share. Of course, happy to share our thoughts and insights with you guys. So why twin transition? As Harry stated, it's a green transition together with a digital transition or transformation. And why do we need that then? Well, if we take a look back on the industrial revolution since it started, this is to no surprise to you guys, but it has of course brought massive development and innovation with that global development that has solved many of the problems that we have had since the inception of the revolution. If you click again, Harry, this is more of a sad story then, because at the same time with the same sort of exponential growth, we have also had a lot of emissions, greenhouse gas emissions. We have also, if you press again, Harry, seen those emissions affecting our oceans and also the industrial fishing has affected the way we capture fish. And lastly also how we use our land has also increased at the same rate as the development with lots of forest and use of land as a consequence. So what needs to happen going forward, which what we mean with the twin transition, is that we need to be a couple of this. So we of course want to develop further and solve many of the more problems we sit with as humanity. But we need to do that without the expense of natural resources and the effect that has on people and planets. So this is what we mean with the twin transition. Yeah, and I can add on that that we, especially when I got my enlightenment on sustainability, I was starting to think about this from information management point of view, because it seemed to be so that not always the ESG data that is on the market, both the public data and data from the corporations is not always very viable. And many of these problems that we have with ESG data is something that is related to overall information management, how we get reliable, verifiable data from the sources that we need. Of course, there is a way of pushing that from regulation, but also one part of the exploration that we did was based on the latest technology on the information management to get better view on how the payments are run and what kind of information we can get out of that. And I can continue with some really short presentations who we were in the case. And I can start with my employer, SEB, which is a North European Bank coming from Sweden and has been expanding the business cases to a multitude of countries. We have home markets in Nordics and Baltics, including also UK and Germany.  We are mostly entrepreneurial bank, meaning that we have a lot of large corporations on the home countries that we support also in these international sites that we are having. But of course in Sweden and in Baltics, we have also private individuals and small enterprises. And then sustainability has been a big thing for us in SEB. And I have a basic slide about that also, that because now the corporations, especially in the Nordics, are really keen on putting stakes on the sustainability because they have realized that this is actually a big thing for the customers. Customers are ranking their suppliers and places where they are buying goods by getting really transparent information on how the goods and services are produced. And this is also a big thing for the investor and employee attraction so that you should be able to show that how you are actually moving into this transformation of sustainability. If you are not yet there, you have to be able to show out transparently where you are going because that is a big thing for creating people involved, the talents from the market as employees and also investment money into your company. And technological advancement is the key thing and message on our presentation overall. That's the matter that you just have to apply to get the sustainability reporting, sustainability controls and KPIs available. And that is also coming from the regulator point of view. So this is a circle that goes round so that we get more and more interest from the companies and they are needing advice also from the banks how to make the financial solutions available with sustainable solutions. And that is something that we are investing heavily as well in the bank. I will not go through all the details here because we want to save some time for the actual insights of the proof of concept but it's really a big thing for us to be able to support customers when they are doing this kind of sustainability transformation. And that has a very long history in SAP already. So we started 1995 when the first employee for the sustainability was hired and then you can see we have been a forerunner in the Northern European perspective in multitude of new stuff available on green financing. But this is not only the way that we would like to continue, we would like to look into the actual transactions as well. Our customers are doing their actual business transactions and how the financial transactions like payments, receivables, and supply chain financing and trade finance are linked into these sustainability goals. And financing solutions are something that is needed but also we should be able to help our customers to understand what they are playing with in their business transactions because there could be when you start analyzing the transactions and more real time we can go there better that should be. But that is something that we are going and we will go into insights as well later on. And the customer that was co-creating together with us is a customer from Gothenburg from Sweden and this is a trading company. So Eggman Group is a family owned company, not that big but they are really global and they run a business where they are buying and selling goods being a trader there in between. So really good case for us in the experiment because they really have to be aware from whom they are buying what kind of goods and services they are buying and again what kind of customers they have where they are selling that set of goods and services. How that is treated and what kind of possible dual use cases there are for the goods. So they are like said small really old company as well but they act really globally and the goods that they are trading that's also really interesting industry because that is something that we are really aware of a multitude of challenges on all of that paper and packaging and the bioenergy as a solution for fossil fuel solutions in the energy side. So this is really interesting company and that's why it was really good to evaluate the case together with them. And they are global like said they have dealt with the whole global view with three hubs and they are able to operate with customers and suppliers all over the world. So please Karina continue with the planet. Who are you and what are you doing? Yes, I am one of the co-founders of Planathon. We're quite a young firm we've been around since 2018 and we are on a mission towards the planet's positive future and Planathon is actually a play of words. It's a marathon for the planet. So that's what we do on a daily basis and we base everything we do on scientific insights and with scientific insights we mean social ecological insights. So we work with our system scientists for instance we are a partner with Stockholm Mercilien Center which is really a good progressive firm or scientific institution for this social ecological data and research. This is one of the models we use it's called the Donut Economics that I can highly recommend if you haven't seen it before. It has a social floor in the middle which we need to fulfill for humanity which is food, water, equality, education and such and then it has an ecological ceiling that we need to stay within or beneath which has all the planetary boundaries that has been developed by the SRC the Stockholm Mercilien Center which has them air, land biodiversity, water and all of those. Secondly we work with data first so we just like Harry said we work with data and data analysis from a social ecological standpoint to understand the underlying facts and needs and both these both the scientific and the data we use to help development. So we work we're a primarily business to business actor so we work with other corporations in order to guide their development with these two foundations and that could be management teams or business developers within the company and it's also investors that want to direct their money to where the best impact lies. So next slide I only have one other slide we do this we have created a planet-centric business framework to support this. So the first bit is as I said the research that guides what these companies should do and then we focus on future and strategy we have a scenario offering on the future side where we actually create future scenarios so you can direct your mission and efforts towards the preferred scenario you want to develop and we set strategies and help put those in place with the corporations and then we activate so we activate within the company to get it out to the full group within the company or in the industry that they're active or their partners etc. So that's a plan upon. Let's dig into the case. So together SSEB, Planathon and Jetsman we set out to see how might we use payment transaction data or business to business payment transaction data to guide sustainable business development. So that was our hypothesis or our guiding question. So let's share some of the results. Harry you can start please. Thank you very much Karina and the case like said is and was focusing on business to business transactions, the business to business payments and that is something that of course we have been working now heavily in SSEB that we can have a global view for the customer on the payments which we of course advise commonly with the actual payments data but now we wanted to add a view and dimension of the sustainability into those transactions and that would mean that when the customers are selling their payment transactions they are not actually giving us the details that we would like to have meaning that the counterparty information is only with names. We do not know the exact information of the invoices paid. We know only invoice numbers or reference numbers that the payer or debtor is giving for the creditor and that meant that we had to have also access to customer data and making that data lake together with customer data. Of course we had to define what kind of data we need to fulfill the requirements to get the ESG dimension available where of course planet almost helping us and the hypothesis that like Karina said was that we could make a helping hand for the corporations by making good visualization and awareness of this data later on. Let's go back into that when we show some screens to you. Of course this was a agile proof of concept so it was done, the actual case was done in couple of months. We started though before the summer holiday season last year but the actual work was done after that and that was really good and rapid experiment and I can only say good things about planeton because they are really expert on making this kind of challenging work in small and short time available getting the best insights from the people that are working both at the bank as an incumbent bank and also from the customers so that was really good collaboration by all the parties and you can go on please Karina on the other side. Yes thank you what we also wanted to see is the use of the actual data like Karina said how can we connect the social ecological data sets with the payments and it showed that it's really possible to use such a data driven approach and use the latest information technology tools and visualization tools in order to guide the company in this case F-Mon to take decisions and also that even if there's a lot of things that needs to happen as you probably all know everything is not already here but there are both facts models and tools that can be utilized already today to make such a risk opportunity map for the client so it is possible to actually start which was one of the things we wanted to show Yeah that is a good case that we are now of course investigating on both sides. We ended up the case in mid December last year by press release that was also part of the presentation in the event in invitation and now we have been doing a lot of analysis at the transaction services of SCB how to continue the case not only with the payments data but also in the other transactional data like said financing the invoices trade finance as well how we can make this further available as a good addition for the long lasting financing solutions that we have been implementing already a multitude of decades like I showed in the earlier slide so this is something that we are now exploring and of course looking into different solutions internally and externally how to go further but let's go into the actual visualizations that was created for 8 months from the data so please continue Karina Yes this first view is sorry this first view is a map view so what we can see here is some ecological data sets that have been put on top of a map for instance here we can see forest integrity which was really important for this type of client since they are trading with paper and pulp products so the forest is one of the major effects they have on the ecological standpoint but we could also add there are several data sets that could be applied like this so we also have biodiversity and climate as two other views for this view and we also have on the left hand side a dashboard that shows specific scientific insight guiding this type of client so it could be policy related or it could be scientifically related into both opportunities and risks that emerge through the latest scientific insights and we also the kind of information or data that we mapped from the payment transactions are the counterparties within the actual transaction and also the countries involved in this so this is a trading company so which companies were involved in the transaction and based out of that we also did country and counterparty insights and lastly we looked at the actual product being traded so we used the invoicing data from the client and mapped that to the payment data that in turn was mapped to social ecological data sets and models to understand all three aspects so both the country the counterparty and the actual product so what we can see also yeah what we can also see on this screen a bit smaller are the actual transaction so the sets we see here are both the transactions but we also see the goods that are flowing that was purchased through the financial transaction through these countries one of the findings that you can see already in this couple of example cases that the payment flow will not always go with the same routes that the actual goods are going because the counterparties in payments could be different than the actual seller so the debtor and creditor are not always the same guys like the buyer or seller are in the case that is there with Italy it seems that Andrea has been doing some cases with Ekman no that was a joke but in that case that was really similar but in the other transaction that is as an example there it's totally different view on the payment delivery than the goods delivery is and that's good to remember that when we track the transactions the business transaction and financial transaction are not always the same so there is a mismatch in the in the links and that means that you have to be quite cautious on making conclusions out of the different flows that are there on business and financial side please go on Karina question there this is Tom Klein this map here at a first level or first approximation you were assuming hey from the country that this is coming from then I have kind of a source and then I can kind of bring it to this map here right yeah but and I just to add to that the actual source or the seller in this case was in Malaysia but the actual sourcing of the goods was in Indonesia in this case which is also important like how we pointed out because especially from like in ecological and the social standpoint it is really crucial to know what where are we sourcing our war products so it could be a difference in the country social and ecological effects depending on if it's in Malaysia or Indonesia even so the currency one strictly connect to supply chain and a financial flow which is also typical if you think in documentary credits you see it often happens to have a source of the goods in one place and a financial transaction being to be treated from countries good so you're tracking both physical as well as a financial flow here beautiful yeah okay good thank you for sharing and that is one of the key elements in my personal goals for making this available how we could from business transaction how we can deep dive into all the related financial transactions but usually one trade is having a multitude of payments it could have a letter of credit it could have a guarantee how we can find out all the financial transactions that are related into one single business transaction and vice versa can we deep from payment or from letter of credit into what actually is behind it what kind of sellers and buyers are there and then deeper into supply chain as well buyers buyers and customers customers and and what kind of components the actual goods are doing are composed of so that we have to understand quite deeply and this will require really accurate and detailed information sharing and that's one of the insights which we will come back later on in the presentation great thanks good please go on Karina yes a second view is the graph view and what we've done here is to analyze the transaction flows with a knowledge graph so here we've used another technology to look at these transactions and that is of course relevant from a cash flow perspective to see the flow of transactions but also that is really highly interesting I think from a supply and trade perspective there are some interesting connections I think between the distributed ledger that sort of holds the trust for the transaction and a knowledge graph that shows like the context and how these relations are actually interlinked within within the chain of events in this case so this is a second view and also here we see a counterpartive view we have the same for a country view and the actual goods so these smaller like subsets of information with both the planetary and the social perspective of that counterparty and that is definitely something that is again my interest how to make the data available for information management or knowledge management and even for the wisdom like the data hierarchy is saying so the data can be like a pollution if you have it too much you cannot understand it how to make that available for both human and computer understandable way and knowledge graphs are so cool you can do whatever you want with those when you have the semantic model behind it the ontology behind it so that you can combine different components in an understandable way you can put also the computer talk the same language that we talk when we post questions to Google for example it's also actually using knowledge graphs there behind and this is a good way of really quick visualization and understanding the flow instead of normal way that we have in some other business intelligence tools the knowledge graphs are giving opportunity to make good analysis in a really fast manner and that was really good to have it available by Planeton in this case as well so that we can analyze the big amount of data in an understandable way and have it as a basis for sustainability dimension as well alright but let's go into the insights and we have gathered couple of those for further discussion when we are coming into the end of presentation but from the SCB point of view I have collected couple of key insights into this and having the payment data available that is good because it's a really good basement for business trend as a business indicator like said we are using already payments data for having advisory with our customers but now we would like to have that also with the dimension of sustainability available but like said we cannot do that by ourselves only if we want to understand the business transaction behind the final transaction we have to combine bank data into the customer data so that we get total data set which is a combination of payment data and business data for example from invoice or a bill of trading or other kind of information that is giving us facts from the business transaction and then we put that common data set into the analysis from external and common data sources that are there for ESG and then having capacity via knowledge grabs also to use machine learning in that analysis so that we can use systems as well and how to make this available it's really big challenge for the corporations to share invoice data or business related data and that's why we have to solve an issue of secure corporate data sharing it could be blockchain it could be some other technologies that are available there like W3C news standards for distributed IDs and verifiable credentials how to make that available so that the corporates can use over in their own data so that they can share with the consents that digital consents that this is my data that can be used by this specific bank only for this specific purpose only and nothing else and that's really critical to get that available on on good manner and then the payments they are still historical transactions they can be two weeks, one month three months later than the actual business transaction has happened and that's why we were also discussing a lot with the pilot customer here what kind of implications we could get if we have trade which is a little bit closer in in time wise with the business transaction and they also wanted to have a simulation for the future transactions and that was something that we implemented together with Planeton in couple of last weeks so that there could be also opportunity to feed in some business transaction details for candidates for counter parties so that then we can use the same tool for analyzing what kind of risks there might be when it comes to the ESG when it comes to these business transactions on future and then the bank's role, should it be a bank making this kind of analysis, should it be directly Planeton making this kind of analysis, of course there are a multitude of options having this but we still think that the payments data and transactional data is good basis for making the dimension of just an ability also available so that we can get some kind of holistic view especially when the customer is using all of these components and transactions with us having payments, having great finance instruments even maybe having supply chain finance or receivable purchase then we have a quite good view on customer business transactions as well and that gives an opportunity to help out with the financial green financing solutions to make the transformation of the customer business models to more sustainable like we started in the beginning of the presentation and then of course we as a bank have a really good view on and really hard regulation how we are doing our business when it comes to sustainability so we need to know the EU taxonomy, we need to know how to make that available and how to use that in our own analysis when we analyze the due diligence of our customers so that could be used also in a positive manner to make the transactions available for the customers but then we have large corporations that are multinational and one single bank cannot serve them globally and then we come into the solution where we are the problem where we should be able to share as well the customers other banks transactions how that could be happening in our case with Ekman we are serving only one third of their payments then the other banks are doing the rest how then they could get a holistic view could we then start using open finance, open banking can we buy the customer consent, read-in also other banks transactions so that is a good set of questions as well so that we are analyzing now in the further exploration of new solutions but you can continue Karina on Planeton Insights as well. Yes and the first insight is of course the ability to use these transactions which are transactions that are the heart of these companies because if we can then connect that to for instance the donut model with social and ecological data sets we are able to look at their current of course current but their operations of the company in real time basically so we are able to look at what they are doing as soon as they do those transactions and not like have the quarterly reporting of sustainability where you have to go through all your systems but you can have a more near real time view of your current actions and how that is really going through a flow of social ecological hotspots or tipping points or areas where you should be more cautious so that is the first insight that it is possible which is a really good insight and of course it is the ability to use the type of technology and analysis and insights that we did perform in this experiment. We have had this knowledge graph for quite a while in Planeton with the social ecological data sets and also as Harry said we have performed a lot of graph algorithms on top of our graph but it's all these cases when you can connect it to real company development that makes it that makes it worth for decision making but I think that is something that is really an insight that it is possible to use that connected data and to act on that and maybe last but definitely not least it is the counter parties in this experiment that made it happen so you need to have frontrunners like FED and the F1 in this case that are willing to start testing and experimenting on maybe not fully available standards are not in place everything is not, we don't know everything but we need to start with what we have because we need to share that thought I think being on this call together with us but we really need to do an act on sustainability for both our sake and the planet so it's great to see frontrunners like and on this case it was a real pleasure to work with you guys that was quite interesting as well that we run all of this stuff digitally because it was the pandemic ongoing we had really a little bit more relaxed time last autumn just before the Omicron burst it out so we could have a final meeting all together in Gothenburg and that was really fun because it was a middle of November and after that a couple of weeks after that it wasn't any more possible to travel at least from Finland to Sweden of course there was some version traveling but anyway it was really fun to see as well face to face all the players in the same room after the actual work done and then we had a really good session analyzing the final results together and that was really lucky that we were able to do that physically in the mid-November last year so that was practically the presentation and we are available here for 15 minutes for further questions and discussions I see that there are some chat pointers as well but please go on with the questions and discussions This is awesome Hadi and glad to you know if you remember when we first started talking about the solution a while ago in time now it's kind of more shaped up so I can understand the value of this this project and it looks really really interesting one thing I wanted to ask both of you Hadi and Karina this is DLT space we're talking about DLT we're talking about blockchain how do you see the role played by distributed ledger technology in fostering this kind of solutions and namely also bringing the picture new technologies such as CBDC and similar so this is what we love to have your insights into how do you see them playing in connection with what you have been baking on? Yeah of course this could be a long answer even couple of hours if we had time but let's start with traceability Yeah not talking yet about crypto currencies and all of that stuff but talking about the traceability of the supply chain I think that there is an opportunity and I see I know that there are already solutions following up for different and specific goods already what is the actual supply chain so the transparency would be available meaning also factual data on who is the deliverer who is the supplier where they are coming from what kind of methods they are using for delivering the supplies on this level so I see there is an opportunity to use DLT or blockchain technology to get that atomic view on who is the actual counterparty and then when it comes to other part of the digital solutions with the blockchain of course 3.0 decentralized finance there we have opportunity to link the financial transaction closely into the business transaction meaning that the smart contracts and that kind of programmability could be reached by these technologies of course you can always argue that it's available as well with the authority central based databases and you can do also programmability with the other tools available there but this is now something that is really well evolving and we are following that also really closely can we get more verifiable data available from this kind of technological overview so I would say that there is an point to use that technology as well in this respect managing the supply chain also having that available for making the actual business transaction a financial transaction together by decentralized finance type of tools Can I just add a I just want to add a perspective to it I totally agree with you Harry and I also see it as sort of different data layers so the ledger is like the core of the immutability and the trust and the transaction of such but I do think that like a knowledge graph and the ability to analyze massive amounts of data and connect them like the way you do in a knowledge graph which I think the distributed ledger and the knowledge graph would really merge at some point but currently I think they could complement each other until they merge so I think the social ecological data and the payment data could be in both but the analysis to be on top with the knowledge graph also had to have the smart contract in the flow to actually release goods or transport so there are a lot of those similarities I think from like a supply chain perspective I just want to add that This could be a widen let's say concept of know your customer you'll know your business Well you see ESG and SDG are supposed to replace this to form a concept being quite old so expending the normal sleep for the good sake of the business so that's maybe you're right that's why distributed ledger technology will play a major role I'll leave it on to the attendance to make more questions rapidly to both of you and tell me if you have some other questions to ask I'll give it a few seconds here if not I do have a question actually Andrea Okay thanks Harri and Karina for sharing your story here this is really fun interesting stuff and a great basis going forward here so the question is from Ekman's perspective who was the kind of the leader what group was the leader at Ekman was kind of looking at this and overall was a procurement was it finance was it the operational folks who wasn't there I mean procurement you would usually get involved in all of these kind of things that would have an interest in contracts that have some form of sustainability metrics in there so I'll look to hear what you guys saw with Ekman where it came from Yeah this is a good question and in Ekman case it was compliance that is responsible for the analytics of sustainability on the business so they do the work on the facts that they have with the tools that they are using and they are really good in that so they do really accurate work and one of the key goals from their perspective was that can we find something that gives them more verifiable data of the counterparties and goods and the dual use and all that socio-ecological viewpoint so not only the environmental point but also the social and governance part of the transactions and that is also a challenge that how the whole organization could be part of the evaluation and that's the important thing that this kind of visualization of the data that we did is something that could be used all over the cooperation so that everyone understands the opportunities and risks when it comes to sustainability and not only one part of the organization so that it's a practically like I showed the circle in the beginning it's really important that every single person in the organization understands why this is so important, why this is important because the customers are now using that as a selection criteria, criteria and that means that the sustainability things must be in a good order and this is totally different in different companies. Last summer I ran a round table together with five, six customers regarding the information management and sustainability management and it is like you asked really fragmented solutions so there is no one size fits all, it can be within the business lines, it can be even treasury having some sustainability because of the reporting responsibilities and it could be compliance so it's really scattered in different organizations in different manner and I do not know which is the best way of working in this but the eggman way of having compliance is definitely a good way of working in this respect. Good, good, thanks for sharing. I see a question here in our list here, Andrea I'll tear it up here from Hi Han, what is the role? Hi Han, yes, my friend I Han from Turkey is asking, what is the role SWIFT data in your twin transition? What is the role SWIFT data? Okay, yeah, we actually what we analyzed in this case was international payments and international payments are run through SWIFT network but the data that we were using was coming from our data lake. Our data lake for payments is built up with the ISO 2002 standard so we have done and use that as a basement so that we follow up the latest financial services standard and luckily now a couple of years ago we decided by us owners that the payments domain will move into ISO 2002 totally in international payments by 2025 so the standard that we are using internally in our data lake is the same that will be used also in international payments that is really good question because there is other ways of working in this matter as well but now the international payments are run with SWIFT network and that's the basement for the data source in that manner, yes. You mentioned a very interesting argument it would take weeks to dig that out how can you see, I mean how do you see how the Karina of course role of ISO 2002 is on everybody's list nowadays because of the migration going on you see how does this fit what role to play in the solution in the future suppose that this standard is going to be adopted globally. Yeah I have my long history with ISO 2002 personally so I have been in the registration management group I have been leading even the payments domain standards evaluation group for three years and also in market practice group leadership it was 2016 to 2019 so just before the market practice release will be based on that 2019 versions so that was really interesting journey overall and I'm really keen on standards and now when we are moving into APIs the standard approach is not that much anymore appreciated like it was in the market infrastructure by SWIFT and other market infrastructures and payments but that's totally okay and it's the development where we are going because the API world is moving into faster implementations and faster integrations with the different partners and different data sources of the market but the standard basement with the data model and business model and even semantic model of ISO 2002 is some good investment for running analysis of the transactions so if we talk about data fields and we talk about them with the same taxonomy using same words and same names for the actual abstracts that's the key element on understanding the data in different sources so that makes the bank data and customer data and ESG data work together and that's one of the key problems in ESG data that the standards are many and the regulations are many as well in different parts of the world and the taxonomies are not similar in different parts of the world and that makes the ESG data quality not the best possible we have now quite good quality in financial data thanks to the standardization that have been exercised for 15 years but let's see how we can do that combination in a better manner and that's why the information management tools are really critical to make a holistic view on the data so that we can understand that together with machine learning computers sorry for the long answer there again sorry this is an exhaustive one if you remember by the way how the any speech counts at the right time one week one year ago actually you were here all along detailing what can we understand from that do we understand our data this is like an intervention that we had one year ago so it's about Jason and how CDOTs can play a role in doing this so it's more than welcome asking about SWIFT disappearing there was a rumor exactly today by Mastercard CEO SWIFT will not anymore exist but let's see I'm pretty sure that it will exist but definitely more solutions and dynamic solutions I need it as well so that we can run different kind of standards available there and also using the new technology and the good manner but Karina you have something to say as well I just had another reflection and that is also the threats or the development needed for a healthy planet for both people and the planet itself also needs a lot of collaboration so I think these tools can also be used as a starting point for a conversation both within an industry but also across industries as I think also the ledger and like a knowledge graph and for instance if like Harry said if a bank should be the one hosting such a solution they could also sit with benchmarks within an industry so since they sit with similar transactions so I think everybody that sits like in the middle of these transactions be it your product development your ERP vendors your ledgers everybody has the ability to connect and to actually share the information across industry which I think from a social ecological standpoint is well really needed so I really welcome anybody with that type of spider with like transactions everywhere to actually be part of this collaborative effort towards a healthy planet yeah it's a multi-layered collaborative approach if you think so it's not only a data points but also technology points mentioned knowledge graph the ideal interaction between DLTs machine learning, federated learning all these new concepts being tied up all together delivering a harmonized solution this is a big big winning choice for the future yes alongside with standardization of course but that could also bring a standardization or a joint view I think yeah I think also technology can contribute to the achievement of standardization softened technology that leads those topics to be achieved it's in both sides Tom would you like to have anything else on your side any other question from the attendants oh you're on mute Tom thank you I had zoom tell me also that Karina thank you do you have a question from Gustavo do you think that ML and AR worth it and I think the question is probably more getting to how deep of analytics do you believe are needed in order of 40 to tease out the sustainability metrics from the payments data you know is it simple analysis and reporting or you got to go a little bit deeper on that I think it holds great opportunities I think you can really analyze similarities centralities you can take the shortest path between one actor and another actor just by doing simple algorithms especially we use them on top of graphs so there are specific graph algorithms that you can run on your actual graph data and then you can actually tie that back into the graph so it makes it even more intelligent I think it holds great opportunities in analyzing larger amounts of data yes and one of my dreams is that I've been focusing lately mostly on trade finance and digitalization of that because now it's run on paper and PDF pictures of paper if we can transform that into structured data and information about these kind of tools available that is totally new world for steering the businesses in the right direction so that we can analyze that better manner and also be part of the transformation overall so that help out the customers better way than now when everything is on paper and no one is actually using that data in that manner that could be used when the structured data would be available it's gradually moving into that direction and it's totally in different world than the payments data nowadays is available yeah so this is a huge giant gigantic leap forward we are engaged in all together how do you think well it's hard to convince you see in a digital database economy how will trade finance supply chain finance stop on paper you cannot extract data directly from paper you have to go digital for doing that so that's the step the big mindset change in mindset that will leave you see the industry as a whole to step into this new world exactly it's wonderful so there are more I'm thinking Andrea we can take maybe the questions and people can share with Harry as well as Karina any additional questions in the interest since we're at the top of the hour here it's a good time I see a few questions made put those in emails fire them off to those guys and I assume you guys were open to answer any additional questions that come up afterwards right yes wonderful Harry Karina that was a great speech and I thank you so much for being with us today it was a great one so continuation to the last two speech Harry and I thank a lot for being with us today it was great and you see we're going to be back with another meeting in two weeks time tell me you're gonna leave that one most probably I will leave that one you can join us trade waltz we'll be presenting that international trading consortium based in Japan so our time will be a little bit different it won't be a conducive for those of you in Europe it'll be early morning Japan late in the evening US time so but we will record it and it'll be available for all to listen to in the future so we'll see each other everybody on the 16th or the 17th of June or on the recording back to you Andrea wonderful thanks for being with us and see you soon again Karina Harry thank you so much and see you soon again thank you so much bye bye


The dominant narrative that I'm hearing today, again and again through the youth climate strikes and all this kind of stuff, is that we have to change or we're not going to survive. We've already overshot the ability of the Earth's ecosystems to support human civilization, and we better do something about that right away where we're going to have catastrophe, massive population collapse, maybe even human extinction. It's as if the crisis is going to save us from ourselves. It's as if we're going to have to change right now. We no longer have a choice. But what if we do have a choice? I began thinking about this when I read a critique by J.B. McKinnon. He's a Canadian writer of Jared Diamond's description of Easter Island and how he wove that into the overshoot and collapse narrative. So you may have heard this story, and it's not just J.B. McKinnon, there are other writers too who have questioned this. But basically the Jared Diamond version of the story is that Polynesian settlers arrived at Easter Island, I can't remember, a thousand some years ago, and built these stone monuments and exterminated all of the wildlife. They killed all of the fauna there. And by the time that they were and they had a big population boom, but then because they destroyed the ecological basis of their civilization and cut down all the trees and basically made the whole place into a barren wasteland. By the time they were discovered by Captain Cook in the 18th century, their population had dropped again all the way down to a couple thousand, and they were living a meager bear existence on rat meat, which was basically the only animal left and these gardens that they eked out amidst the volcanic rocks. And it's an object lesson for us with our monuments and using up all of our natural wealth for a temporary population surge and a temporarily grand civilization soon to collapse into bear subsistence. So anyway, there's a rewriting of this history that draws on archaeological evidence and says, actually, the population never did peak at that level. It stayed pretty constant, even though the ecology was severely disrupted, mostly because of the rats that stowed away on the canoes of the settlers, the Polynesian settlers, that destroyed the local fauna and disrupted the ecosystem and chewed the nuts of the trees and the fossilized ones that they find have gnaw marks on them from the rats and so on and so forth. And yet the people still found a way to live. They ingeniously made these gardens using, I don't know, seaweed and volcanic rock dust and stuff for fertility and they maintained their population levels to the point where when James Cook encountered them, they weren't interested in the food that he offered to trade with them. They had plenty. They were more interested in the hats that he had on the ship and they wanted to trade for those. It was only after that that the population did plummet because of the diseases that the Europeans brought. So it's a completely other retelling of the story. But in a way what it suggests is more chilling than the Jared Diamond story. It says that maybe we won't be saved from ourselves by environmental collapse. Maybe we will continue to thrive or, in all measurable ways, in terms of population, in terms of GDP, in terms of floor space per capita, in terms of BTUs expended per capita of energy, in terms of literacy. All the things that Stephen Pinker uses as evidence of our ascent and our technological triumph. Maybe these things can be continued on a world that continues to die.  Imagine a future where the entire planet has been converted essentially into one big strip mine and waste dump. Where the dying of the trees continues. The dying of the whales, of the fish, of one species after another after another, of one ecosystem of the insects. This huge drop-off in insect population that you may have noticed. It's not your imagination that there's less bug splatter on the window than when you were a kid. My father said, yeah, there used to be clouds of insects. We have to turn on our windshield wipers sometimes driving at night. This depletion of life J.B. McKinnon calls it a 10% world. And there's other books too that bring up these accounts from the first Europeans to come to North America of just how abundant life was. You know, we look out today and if we see a pod of whales, that's pretty exciting. But there are accounts of looking out and seeing thousands of whales whose spume filled the air with mist. Of oysters afoot across in the Chesapeake Bay. Of going fishing by putting a bear hook and you catch a fish in seconds. Like scooping your hat in there and you have a meal. Like that amount of wealth of horses going through the brush and their bellies stained with the berries. So a 10% world. And what if a 10% world becomes a 1% world in another few hundred years? And we continue to survive on a concrete world. Substituting for all that's lost with technological substitutes. Making oxygen maybe with vats of algae or something like that. Drawing down the carbon to maintain atmospheric equilibrium with machines. In closing our cities in bubbles. I mean we're already kind of doing that everybody's house is climate controlled and getting air filters and stuff like that and water filters. Like what if we could survive in a totally poisoned world? If we have the right filters. If we have the hydroponic factories to make the food. Or vat grown meat. And maybe we just leave earth behind and go off into space. What if we could do that? What's going to stop us? This is a more important question. What's going to stop us from doing that? Because in fact we have been walking down that path for a very long time. What's going to stop us from taking another step and another step and another step down that path? Now I'm not saying that we could do that. That we could become independent of the ecology. But so far we've been doing a pretty good job of it. Population, longevity, GDP, literacy. All these things have stayed steady or increased even as life has declined. So our experience up until now says maybe we could do it. So the question is do we want to? And maybe we need to replace the rhetoric of we better change or we're not going to survive. Because what if that's not true? And what if people sense that that's not true? And they don't really believe it. I mean, you can read all the science you want. You can read about the methane feedback loop all you want. But do you really believe that we're going to be extinct in 20 years? Most people do not really believe it. If they really believed it for real, they wouldn't be acting the way that they do now. So the important question then is not what do we need to do to survive? The important question, I think the question we need to be asking, not how will we survive? But what world do we want to live in? To recognize the power of our choices, the power of our stories, the power of the story of the world is alive. If we hold that story, we invite the world to be more and more alive. If we hold the story of the world is this dead thing, a source of resources, a dump for our wastes. We hold that story of world is dead. We create a world that is dead. Our stories are our most powerful creative tool. They are what organize people, what bring our labor and our creativity into coherence toward a goal. They tell us, our stories tell us who we are and why we are here. There are things that we need to do on earth right now that only make sense if they're part of a mass movement to do those things. They only make sense if we understand ourselves collectively as why we are here right now is to contribute to the healing of this earth. And then you know you're not alone. You know that it's not fruitless. You know that you're doing your part.  It comes from the question, what world do we want to live in? A living world or a dead world? Do we want the concrete world where nature is dead but it's okay because we have VR that with content rich experiences and high resolution digital displays of those nature scenes. Is that what we want? Maybe we can make it. Maybe we can do that. Do we want to do that? This is the question. Who are we? Why are we here? What world do we want to create? I think that both futures are possible. I can see them. I can see the concrete world scarred and ruined. And I can see a more beautiful world, a flourishing world where the deserts are greening and the species are coming back and the oceans are full of fish and flocks of birds cover the sky. I can see that world and humans living peacefully on it. You can feel it too. That world exists. Which one are we going to experience in our future? Which one are our great, great, great, great, great grandchildren going to live in? That depends on which one we summon. I won't even say that we create it. That's not quite the right word. It's how we come into alignment with that future. It's as if many possible worlds exist already in a quantum superposition of timelines. And the timeline that we orient toward through our choices, that's the one that we walk. That's the one that we arrive at eventually. And that means that every choice that we make individually and collectively is a kind of a prayer that aligns us with a certain reality and a certain future. It's a declaration of here is who I want to be. Here is the world I want to live in. We may not understand on a pragmatic level how that choice is actually going to change things. How taking care of that puppy is going to bring about a more beautiful world, for example.  I would like for the conversation to turn away from can we survive? How will we survive? That's not the goal of life. The goal of life is not to survive it. On a personal level, that's not the goal of life. It's not to make it to your deathbed intact. The goal of life is to create something beautiful, meaningful, to give your gifts and service to something much bigger than ourselves. You can feel that. When you're in that, you feel alive. You feel like, yeah, this is what I'm here to do.  And collectively, we are the same way. We're not here to survive this. We're here to contribute. We were created by Earth to contribute. We're not an accident. There's an evolutionary purpose that resides in the gifts that we've used to make such a mess. And when we ask, why are we here? And what world do we want to live in? We reorient those gifts toward that world, toward that purpose. And any other application of those gifts becomes intolerable. And it's so much more empowering to say, what world do we choose rather than how do we make it? How do we survive? That's the mindset that's gotten us into trouble. How do we make sure that human humanity makes it? Seeing the world as an instrument of some narrow conception of human well-being, which in this day and age is translated into more and more stuff. When human well-being is denominated in terms of money or other measurables, it leaves out the bigger picture. It leaves out what larger thing that we could be part of. And it also leaves out what actually constitutes human well-being. These things that we can measure are in large part compensations for what makes people happy. There's a limit to how much we can eat, a limit to how much we can grow. And we're still kind of caught in the growth phase. But growth is supposed to end. And another kind of development begins with the end of growth. That other kind of development is growing into our adulthood, our maturation, which is identical to saying or to following the question, why am I here? It happens with adolescents, too. The young man or the young woman wants to know why they're here. It's not good enough just to make a living and to survive. The purpose of the ecological crisis will only be fulfilled when it has brought us to ask those questions. Until then, it will not go away. We will make no progress. And the earth will spiral closer and closer toward the concrete world. It's only when we embrace our participation in life and understand that life exists for the purpose of life to make the universe more and more alive. Only then will we make the earth more and more alive, because that's why we're here.


Blended learning combines traditional methods with today's technology in a process that redefines the educational process. The main goal of blended learning is not just to substitute traditional tools with electronic ones, but rather to incorporate technology to elevate student learning to the level of redefinition. Technology is not only used to enhance learning, it is used to create student-centered projects that were previously not possible. Bloom's Taxonomy All of us who went through an educational degree program are aware of Bloom's Taxonomy, which is basically moving students from lower-order thinking skills to higher-order thinking skills in order to create more depth of knowledge, independence, and mastery of concepts. When using technology to assist the march up the taxonomy tree, there is a model that I will refer to called the SAMR, or SAMR model, and the SAMR model provides a logical structure for incorporating technology into Bloom's Taxonomy and using technology as a way to elevate learning. In this model, technology begins as a direct substitution for a traditional learning method and moves from there to technology not only to learn how to do something, but to redefine that task in a way that was not previously possible. The SAMR model provides traditional ensembles with a method of enhancing the learning of individuals within the large ensemble in ways that were not previously possible. It also ushers in the opportunities for students who are not participants in a traditional performing ensemble to become music creators and producers without learning how to play an instrument or singing chorus. So at the first level, the substitution level, blended music learning is using technology and traditional methods together where the technology is just substituting for a tool that we already use. Many traditional music education programs already have incorporated modern technology tools to assist them with doing what they already do. Here is an assessment that is at the substitution level of the SAMR scale. This is the Moodle page for my middle school band class, and we use Moodle as our primary LMS for the school. Down here in marking period one, I have several different assignments. These are all assignments except for the participation one. These are all assignments that they do from home. The substitution level assignment is this practice recording. So for this first practice recording of the year, they can use any device that they have on hand, their cell phone and iPad, the microphone and audacity on the computer to make a recording of a major scale of their choice. We teach and review major scales right at the beginning of the year, first thing every year. And the idea is that the student is going to select one of those scales that they're actually having the most trouble with. They do two recordings of that scale. They do a before recording and an after recording. The before recording, they state their name and they say which scale that they picked and why they picked it. They might say this is so-and-so and I picked the A-flat major scale because I'm having trouble playing the correct flats. And then they do their best on that before recording to play through it, stumble through it and get a recording of it. After they do a few practice sessions, they then come back and make a second recording that is an after recording. And they play the scale improved upon the first time to explain what they thought went better and what they think that they need to improve on for the next time that they do it. They upload both of those before and after recording MP3s to the Moodle page and then I listen and assess them. Primarily I'm listening for improvement from the before to the after and I'm also assessing whether or not they followed the directions correctly and included a verbal summarization of what they're doing in order to improve the scale's performance. The second recording project of the marking period is selecting an excerpt from their winter concert music to do a before and after recording on. Blended music teaching at the augmentation level of SAMR. Over the past 10 years, several innovative companies have developed products that not only substitute for traditional tools but allow collaboration and customization in a way that was not previously possible. Many scholastic performing ensembles are using smart music to assess student achievement rather than the traditional time-consuming in-class playing test. Site Reading Factory provides similar cloud-based practice and assessment for the important skill of site reading or site singing. NoteFlight provides students with not only a cloud-based music notation program but allows students to collaborate and comment on each other's scores with social sharing. One innovative company, Music First, is providing an entire suite of cloud-based music education products for K through 12 classrooms and ensembles incorporating everything from site reading and assessment to general music lesson plans and music theory training. Site Reading Factory is a web-based application that functions at the substitution level of SAMR but also at the augmentation level. It's substituting for a traditional in-class site reading assignment or playing test, but it's also enhancing that whole process because of what Site Reading Factory is capable of doing. The students complete this work from home over the web, so there's no pressure of having a teacher sitting right there grading them. They also don't have to play in front of their peers, so in that way it can really inspire them to work at this and not be afraid to do poorly. Each student gets an assignment from me. I have classes set up within Site Reading Factory for each of my classes. Let's take a look at the strings class. This young man here, Erasmussen, is a viola player. I already graded this assignment for him, but I will give you a peek at what he submitted. So the Site Reading Factory has six levels of difficulty. You are able to differentiate by student. You can create assignments at different levels of ability. This was the first assignment of the year, so I was still getting used to finding out what they could do, and this is a level one assignment where I had the letter names listed there, and he only needed two attempts to get to a recording that he was satisfied with, and he got a 19 out of 20 on it, so obviously the next time I give him a Site Reading assignment, I'm going to give him a level two assignment and take the letter names away. You listen to the assignments right here in line, and the students get 30 seconds to look this excerpt over. There's a 30-second countdown timer, and then they record. If they're not satisfied with the way it went, they can select another one, and it generates a new eight measures and gives them another 30 seconds to look it over. You can see the number of attempts, so you can really tell if somebody is struggling, or you can really tell if somebody has real perfectionist tendencies and that they've done 20 attempts to get every single note right before they have submitted, and you can use that to also give them very detailed feedback that they can either log in to Site Reading Factory to read or you can give them feedback by email or you can put it into their gradebook if you're using an LMS of some kind. That feedback is critical because it's your opportunity to one-on-one give them specific feedback on their performance and without any other ears listening to that conversation. Blended music teaching at the modification level. At the modification level, student learning becomes self-directed. This is the tipping point where instruction leaves traditional teacher-centered paradigms and puts the students in charge of their own learning. Not only does this enable the students to personalize their education and move in an appropriate pace, it trains students to be productive members of today's rapidly changing professional landscape. Some ensemble music applications of technology at the modification level might include teaching middle school instrumentalists to write simple melodies for their primary instrument over primary chords on the piano using note flight to create, share scores between students and print scores for performance. Students can record their own performance of their melody and upload it to a learning management system to SoundCloud or to some other cloud storage for evaluation and commentary by both the teacher and other students. High school students can arrange a popular song for a quartet of their primary instrument recording their own performance of each part or collaborating with other players in their section for live recording of the arrangement. Score sharing and feedback can all happen in an LMS or in the cloud as in the middle school example. At the high school level and the middle school level, but particularly high school, writing original music for a mixed ensemble in the style of their favorite artist genre or idiom is something that the honors level students in a music program can certainly tackle and if they're invested in the relevance of it they're going to want to dive into the more rigorous arranging for a chamber group or even for a full band orchestra. Here are some samples of the composition projects that my students have done using note flight. This composition here is an original solo melody that I believe this is a second year middle school student and the chords here were provided by the teacher but you could differentiate this by allowing students to come up with their own chord progressions. They learned the basics of melody writing by studying major scales as part of our normal ensemble rehearsals and they learned basic primary chords by studying arpeggios and putting those things together and understanding how to play them on their instrument then applies at the end of the year to our composition unit. Here is what she came up with for her second year of trying to write her own melody over chords. The next year she wrote a duet and when we get into part writing they usually start with duets and we discuss the conventions of part writing such as avoiding parallels and things of that nature. So here's her first attempt at a duet. You get the idea there. The students print these out and practice them find out what works and what doesn't. It sounds good on the computer but maybe it's kind of hard to play in person and go back and refine and then play them in class as part of our end of the year celebration of composition. Then there's the other end of the spectrum. This is an arrangement of Commodore and Skia which is the Russian folk song more commonly known as the theme from the video game Tetris and this was arranged by one of my sophomores last year who arranged it for string orchestra, string ensemble, plus percussion. I helped him refine this arrangement a bit and I'll put it in strip layout so you can see it a little bit better once it plays. We refined this and actually printed it out and practiced it and performed it as part of the orchestra's spring concert. So a little taste of... We'll start here at measure nine and give you a taste of the whole thing. Here we go. He got into the V theme and actually did arrange because the end actually has multiple melodic elements coming back as a reprise. So some examples of our composition projects at the school. It's important to note that all of these projects permit the students to work on music that they can relate to and find to be relevant to their interests. It's also important to note that all of the ensemble music projects can be accomplished completely outside of the school day with instruction happening online via instructional videos. Projects such as these can also be presented as feature moments in concerts or as its own separate chamber music festival. Blended music teaching at the redefinition level. The redefinition is the final frontier in music education. It's the place where the traditional meets the contemporary and creates what I like to call the 21st century artist or 21st century artistry. Many of today's successful YouTube artists are doing just this. Combining classical music instrumental performance with today's popular music. Sometimes using technology such as effects pedals and looping stations. They distribute their own music using YouTube, iTunes and many other online media outlets. They use crowdfunding like Kickstarter, GoFundMe and Patreon to garner support from their fan base and are able to turn their passion for music into a full-time career. Certainly the goal of public music education is not to produce a world full of full-time musicians. But certainly a goal can and should be to give the students the skills to not only be an ensemble performer, but an independent musician capable of producing their own music as an avocation or even as a part-time income. Now I know a lot of the band orchestra and choral teachers at the high school level in particular, but even in middle school are probably thinking the same thing. How in the world do I find the time to incorporate these kinds of things into what I already do? And I will be the first to admit that it does take time out of what you're already doing in order to be able to do some of these things. And it also requires more of you not only to learn the technology and how it works and what you can do with it, but also to be able to create a program and content for the students to use and to have time to assess what they're doing. There is the beauty of incorporating technology using the methods described is that how much of it can be done outside of your normal rehearsal time where the students have access to these web-based tools from home, they can use their own iPhone or another device to make recordings of their performances, they can use the web-based notation software to write music and once you get them down the road of being able to create their own things from their home, they actually want it. They crave the ability to be able to have their own voice and to make their own stuff. So there is setup and there is intensiveness in terms of creating the infrastructure for all of that. And there is class time involved in explaining how it all works and giving students an opportunity to be able to work together collaboratively in your normal program. But there is so much of that that can happen outside of your normal day and the benefits of that are huge because it takes them from just being an ensemble member who needs a large ensemble to be able to be a musician and gives them the tools to become a musician independently in their own right.


This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of long-term supervised exercise on estimates of lower extremity bone strength from childhood to older age. The study included 10 randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of exercise training on whole bone strength. The results showed a small and significant exercise effect among pre- and early pubertal boys, but not among pubertal girls, adolescent boys, adolescent girls, pre-menopausal women, or post-menopausal women. Evidence from per-protocol analyses of individual trials in children and adolescents indicated that programs incorporating regular weight-bearing exercise can result in 1% to 8% improvements in bone strength at loaded skeletal sites. In pre-menopausal women with high exercise compliance, improvements ranging from 0.5% to 2.5% have been reported. The study highlights the need for further well-designed, long-term randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes to quantify the effects of exercise on whole bone strength and its structural determinants throughout life. This article was authored by Heinen and Harry, Sieven and Harry, Nekanda Rico, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Well, yeah. Hello, everybody. Obviously the title was clickbait, but I'm still glad you showed up and There is some truth to it and I'm gonna Well, I'm it's really a case study of of how software Sometimes die sometimes is buried sometimes is reborn sometimes is resurrected or just has a Come back or shows up in In ways that you didn't expect My name is Christian Glomback. I am a senior software engineer in open shift at red hat I am on the okd streams team and we maintain the okd community releases, which is the community version of open shift Yeah, and I actually started my my journey into software engineering with With almost coro s with with one of the predecessors to coro s which was atomic host and I'll I'll get to that now So really the past of course, and I'm not gonna give you a whole history lesson on on coro s because I wasn't there for the Coro s coro s container Linux Coro s time that was The original Coro s was a gen 2 based System It was then renamed to container Linux At least the the community variant and then red hat bought the company coro s and We created a new operating system that took the name of the predecessor But really it was a new operating system and that operating system was based mostly on the atomic project Some folks may still remember the fedora atomic host Releases I think there was also a red hat product in there somewhere and Really we took the best of these both worlds or at least we try to do that I think we did pretty well in taking the best from you to create the new the new current Coro s so really what what do we have today? What what is? What what's happening in coro s land? The main fedora coro s release, which is the upstream Leverages all kinds of Software it's built with rpm os tree. So it's image-based or hybrid image-based you can Rebase from one image, which is a digest in a repository to another one and that that really Yeah, that changed how we deployed the and provisioned the systems and it really made things much easier for us There's obviously things like potman, which is our main container runtime in fedora coro s We're actually still ship Moby which is Docker and Ignition is our first boot provisioning tool and we took that from the original container Linux coro s so that's a declarative way of Configuring your the machine you want a provision up front you have a config file and that essentially gets written to disk it defines Discard yeah file contents file All kinds of things that you want you want written to disk That gets put in ignition config and then on the first boot the ignition binary writes it While it's still in the inner-dram stage and writes it to disk and then reboots into that newly configured pristine Operating system the way you want it Recently we introduced something that really is a big leap in how you can Work with coro s which is coro as a layering And it's been it's been mentioned a couple of times in other talks today But really what it is it enables the operating system like a container Image because the operating system is a container image. So you can You can import it with a from directive in a Docker file and then rpm-os tree install other things other rpm's on top of the base which could be fedora coro s or rail coro s or the newly String coro s and that really makes it easy to Use the base that the community provides the fedora coro s or center stream coro s and Make your own version very specific to your needs and a great a great example of that how a community Starts to appear around things like this is universal blue you blew it You blew that it and they actually it's a it's a community project and they actually Use coro s layering to build derived images from the standard stock fedora coro s I think they put in Nvidia drivers and things like Yeah, the things that we can't ship in the fedora repose and they configure it for different use cases Gaming and workstation. They have a couple of images there What we end up with or what we currently have three main Versions that we officially release and and distribute of coro s which is the upstream fedora coro s and then the downstream Retta press Linux coro s rail coro s our cause and we recently introduced a mid-stream distro Just sent our stream coro s. So that's essentially For for rail coro s it's about six months ahead of what's I get into rail meaning the way this works is RPM we builds images by consuming our RPMs and It creates an image out of these RPMs. So everything in the image is is part of an RPM and So we for these three composes three different composers we use for the center stream one We use the center stream RPM young those to pull RPMs from for fedora coro s. It's the It's the fedora repose and for rel. It's the rail repose but the manifests that define the RPM lists the RPMs Do you want to include are actually the same or mostly the same or cause and our cause center stream or coro s or stream coro s is s cause Retta and the press Linux coro s is our cause They're actually exactly the same manifests It's just a rebuild with a different set of packages different version different versions of the packages with different sources one come comes from the Santos community the other from the fedora community and We're pretty happy with where we are right now. It's especially the layering and all the the new goodies we've recently introduced it really Feels really nice to work with with the stack, but we're not finished and this is kind of where The next death is around the corner, right? Is it gonna be? Who's it got? What's it gonna be? What's gonna go? What's what's gonna come next and that really is the only the only constant is change and What's next what what do we want to do what do you want to do? there's a lot of interesting projects in in the realm that we Kind of have our finger on the pulse or you know our Following or definitely want to include there's things like can we Make these layered images support actually maybe do something like build one common base and then have different layers That share the same common base, but that do different things so you could imagine one derived image for the for the Kubernetes stack one for work stations and one for iot devices for example All share the same would be very easy to reproduce and to also change if you're unhappy and really want to derive Again, you can derive from a derived image. It doesn't really matter Because in the end it's just shipped as a container image and that container image You can use as a container image, but it's a bit special because it also includes a kernel so when you run it as a container image the kernel doesn't do anything, but when you Use our PMOS tree to rebase to that image Then the image is actually written to disk and the system is rebooted into that image Then it's not in a container anymore. We really use the container as a distribution mechanism for the images because container registry are ubiquitous today So what what are these things here UKI unified kernel images? That is something I'm really excited about. I think it'll it'll make Our operating system safer because with that we'll be able to to do attestation from the From the start to the end essentially it'll be much easier than with the current bootloader stack that we have Obviously there are different interests here different teams different Requirements from customers from community users so really Nothing is set in stone yet, and we don't even know how it's going to look when we when we get there So really this is the time to shape this There's other things like boot C which could replace our PMOS tree sometime and Yeah, really a lot and compose FS which will enable FS variety for our use case In PMOS tree or even boot C based image distributions And really what what's the takeaway? What do I want to say with all of this? And especially with the looking into the future right we can't change the past, but we definitely can do our best to to shape the future so really What I want to say is be the change you want to see in a product in a software project and open it Yeah, right Yeah The quote is not by Mahatma Gandhi and That really closes the circle here Back to this conferences motto, which is define future You can define your own future and be part of it and I'd like to invite you to do that and to join any of these projects Here or any other join the community around it and contribute to open source. Thank you very much So well there is oh, yeah the question question is is it still is our PMOS tree within a container still valuable because you don't need the package manager inside a container And that is essentially where things like boot C comes in that doesn't ship and a package manager in our PMOS tree Our PMOS tree is both the server side that builds that composes an image But it's also the client side package manager that installs more images So it's kind of there isn't the clear split in the code base it's just one binary that does both and With boot C the build part would be separate and boot C would know about RPMs It would just know how to out an OS tree native container to disk and boot into it and maybe upgrade to the next one So yes, there is like maybe doesn't make sense going forward Maybe there are use cases where we want the the layering to happen in in a container build because you can do these Layered builds with any with potman build Docker builds on a cluster anywhere. They don't need to be privileged Which is also different to the the base compose needs to be a privilege because we need virtualization enabled in the in the builder and run some stuff in a in a nested virtualistic nested virt way And maybe that that's going to be solved by boot C some some of that at least so definitely there's There's a lot going on it. Maybe in the future. We won't even have a package manager on these immutable systems Yeah, thank you You


Friends, welcome to yet another video in the paper one series for UGC net examination. Now last year, NTA took up the charge of conducting UGC net exam and they also made certain changes in the syllabus. The most important and the most frequently asked change that was made in the paper one syllabus was the inclusion of a new topic that was Indian logic. When this topic was added into the syllabus there was a lot of hustle bustle people had no idea absolutely no idea about what Indian logic is and they were so eager to know about how to tackle this topic. I was answering these queries one by one over phone over WhatsApp but then I realized that why not make a video on the same so that I can address this query of a lot of people all together. So in this video I am going to look at Indian logic and I am going to take you through the different types of pramanas which is the major topic of Indian logic. But before we get into it I have a small request in front of you if you want any further videos on paper one if you are struggling with any particular topic of paper one please put that in the comment section below so that I get to understand what kind of videos you people are looking forward to what you are liking in my videos where you want me to change my approach also if you have not yet clicked on the subscribe button I think you better do it also click on the bell icon just right next to the subscribe button so that you get notified every time I post a new video. So now without any further delay let's jump right into the topic and let us see what is pramanas. Indian logic is basically a topic which was added in the logical reasoning portion because they wanted Indian students like us to also know how we and our sages are Rishi Muni they all looked at logic and how according to them we understand world we try to gain knowledge. So this concept is known as pramanas pramanas is basically ways to acquire knowledge. You might be confused about this topic I'm pretty sure so what I'll do is I'll give you a small example of very real life examples so that you can connect exactly to what I'm talking about. If you have ever observed a newborn baby you must see that he is tabula rasa tabula rasa was a term coined by western philosopher who according to whom when a person is born on this earth his mind is like a blank slate he doesn't know anything about this world about the activities about the concepts about how to speak how to communicate but then gradually he starts learning now how do he learn there are so many ways in which a child learns if you have observed a small kid you must have seen that he keeps on looking at people he keeps on staring at a table fan maybe at a pen and we don't know this is how he's trying to understand and grasp so many things about the world. So according to the Advetia philosophy pramanas are of six types and these six types are six different ways how we acquire knowledge how we learn so many things about our world so now we are going to look at all the six types of pramanas and we are going to see how each of them are different as well as a bit similar to the others. The first kind of Praman is Pratyaksh now Pratyaksh is a term a Hindi term that almost all of us know Pratyaksh means if I say Pratyaksh stands in front of you that means this person is right in front of your eyes so Pratyaksh means gain knowledge by direct contact with the knowledge that means you have five sense organs when these sense organs interact with the world and directly you gain certain knowledge that is Pratyaksh a very simple example about Pratyaksh a child who absolutely has no idea about the worldly things he for the first time sees a dog eating now when he see a dog eating from his eyes itself he can understand that dogs don't eat like humans how do dogs eat dogs directly eat from their mouth they don't have hands now this knowledge about dogs that dogs move with four legs they don't have hands they eat directly from the mouth this is Pratyaksh knowledge for a child he directly understood something by looking it from his own eyes so Pratyaksh means knowledge gained by coming into direct contact with the five sense organs that we are blessed with the next kind of Pramanas is Anuman now Anuman again is a Hindi term that we commonly use now what is Anuman when we say ki tumhara kya Anuman hai ki swati ke kitte marks aayenge that means what do you assume how much marks is swati going to get what is your assumption about swati's marks in the particular subject so Anuman means guessing educated guess now what is educated guess we come across situations every day and on the basis of recurring situations we form analysis agar koi insaan hamesha late aata hai to ye hum Anuman laga lete hai ki wo next time bhi late aayega now what is that on the basis of that recurring data past data we try to give our own analysis we try to give an educated guess for example hum ne hamesha ye dekhah hai apni life me ki jab bhi koi insaan rota hai that means he either suffering from physical or any emotional pain now if I see a person crying in front of me what will be my Anuman what will be my educated guess that he must be facing any issue in his life he must be sad he must be in pain now this is Anuman jab hum koi knowledge gain karte hai basis of the past knowledge that we have this is called Anuman hum ne hamesha dekhah hai ki jaha fire hoti hai vahasa dhua nikal tha hai so if we find that there is smoke coming out of a room that means we can assume that there must be a fire so you can see how we are trying to gather knowledge one was pratyaksh when we see something directly in front of us the other one is when we are trying to understand a phenomena by looking at the past data that we have for sin phenomena like those so what is upma upma is the third kind of pramanas which basically means learning by observing similarities so upma dete hain what is upma generally that is comparison or analogy now there's this beautiful Bollywood song which is one of my favorite and the lyrics are ye chansa roshan chhehra zulfo ka rang sunhehra ye jeel se neeli aake koi raz hai ind me ghehra if you look at this beautiful song you will find that there are countless analogies given in this song chansa roshan chhehra that means in order to describe the face of the beloved what we are saying iska chhehra ekdam chand ke jaisa hai she is so beautiful that she looks like moon ye jeel se neeli aake iske aake kaisi hai how do you define your beloved's eyes jeel se neeli aake matlab jeel jo hoti hai that is nadi nadi ki tare ghehri aur neeli inki aake hai so how are you describing one thing by comparing it to the other I want to know what kind of eyes your beloved has so you must have noticed a jeel as river so just like a river my beloved eyes are like so you can see how beautifully through analogy through comparison we can learn so much about other things so this is the beauty of upma when you try to understand the world by comparing it to some other things which you have already understood agar meh samson ke phones use kar rahe ho and if I want somebody to know what samson phones look like I might compare it to apple phone okay so what I do is a person is having apple phone he might say ki aar ye kaisi chalta hai so I might you have your samson right so just like samson it has this app so when you click on this app just like in samson you go to this app in apple you go to this app so you can see how by explaining by a comparison I can give knowledge to somebody I can understand knowledge I know what does apple look like now when I compare the functionality of an apple phone with samson I can exactly know how samson works so this is how by analogy by upma you can gain so much more about this world the next kind of pramana is going to be a bit difficult for you to digest but I'm trying my level best to simplify it as much as I can so the next kind of pramana is earth pati now what is earth pati let's break the word and try to understand it earth pati kisi bhi cheese ka earth nikal na is earth pati now what you mean by that kisi bhi cheese ka earth nikal na simply assuming what is unseen and unknown now earth pati in very simple terms means that suppose you cannot find anything any evidence about something you cannot understand you're trying to understand a phenomena and you cannot understand a phenomena by looking at what is present now you assume something so that this at least seeps inside you for example you according to your knowledge know that a person who eats too much is fat okay now you look at a person and you find out that the person doesn't eat at all in a day and still is very fat now it becomes very difficult for you to understand this phenomena but what is pramanas pramanas are how you try to understand the world how you try to gain knowledge now you have something in front of you according to you a fat person must be eating all day long but here you have a fat person who doesn't eat at all in a day so what you do is that you use earth pati you simply assume that this fat person must be eating at night because eating and becoming fat has a very correlation now if I find out that the person is not eating in the day that means I in order to understand this fact I have to assume that the person must be eating at night so if you can relate it to the mathematical formulas that we used to work with during our graduation or during our secondary education we used to assume let this person be ex because without assumption you cannot draw a valid conclusion so when you cannot understand something which is unknown or unseen you simply assume this is earth pati now we come on to the fifth kind of pramanas now this table of pramanas the list of pramanas gets even more complicated when we try to understand what is anuplabdhi which is the fifth kind of pramanas now anuplabdhi basically means anything which is absent so aplabdhi means you have achieved something anuplabdhi means you haven't achieved anything so anuplabdhi basically is the negative of aplabdhi so let's understand the concept according to the Indian logic things exist either in positive or negative relation to the environment that means positive relation means something you can see you can perceive through your senses negative relation something you cannot perceive through your senses for example if i have a friend of mine in front of me that means the person exist if suppose there's another person who doesn't doesn't come in front of me that means that person doesn't exist right now in my room so anything can either be having a positive or a negative relation to the surrounding according to anuplabdhi something which you cannot see must be phased or looked as absent for example my brother is doing clad preparation so he has to give a lot of arguments in order to become a good lawyer so what happens is that he gets a case in front of him where there are five suspects five people who might have murdered a person so out of these five anyone is the murderer now how do you get to the murderer now if i get to know that there is this person a who was not in the town in which the murder was committed on that particular day we assume that this person must not have committed the murder since he was absent from the town so the absence is a proof in itself so you can see anuplabdhi means that if a person is absent that means we can gain a lot of knowledge from his absence as well suppose there are a lot of rats running in my room that means the cat is absent because if the cat would have been there the rats would not have been there so the absence of cat shows there is something which we need to understand so you can see how anuplabdhi can also contribute in the system of knowledge by explaining us a lot of things a person who is absent from that town who is not there in that town that night will be considered to be guilt-free to not be the charge of the murderer because he was absent his absence is a proof in itself there are a lot of rats so this shows that there is no cat the absence of the cat tells us that there can be a lot of rats in the house the final kind of pramanas is shabd now we have looked at five kinds of pramanas and there are still a lot of things which we know today and the things that we know today are not taken from any of the five above mentioned pramana so how did we gain knowledge about those things for example how does aluminium work or how does earth rotates around the sun we don't know we have not perceived that knowledge it's not pratyaksh we have not given any analogy about it but still we know so many things about earth its rotation and solar system we have not seen solar system from our naked eyes yet we know so much about it how did we gather so much knowledge about these kinds of stuff that is through books through newspaper through written material so shabd is verbal testimony that means if you have taken some knowledge from an authentic source then that knowledge is said to be authentic and that cannot be challenged for example if you look at the Indian education system it gives a lot of importance on guru and what the guru says that cannot be challenged because he is said to be a person whose words have weightage whose words we can rely on so if you look at Ved, Puranas, Bhagavad Gita the knowledge that we have in all these great scriptures we find out that we can directly follow the teachings directly rely on the facts written there we don't need to authenticate these facts because they are coming from a very reliable source we are assuming the fact that all these people who have written these great great books they have stood the test of the time and they know a lot of things which we can accept as it is so that is shabd that means when you try to learn from the books and when you try to understand a lot of things that is happening around us by the way of reading about it so that's it for this video lecture I would like to take your leave and I hope that the six types of pramanas that I have explained in this video must help you in your examination preparation I wish you all the best for the upcoming exam also put all your questions and queries in the comment box below so that I get to make new videos on these topics apart from that if you have any other queries questions about the online course that we are giving for UGC net preparation you can contact on the number displayed above or you can even visit my website arpitakarwa.com apart from that you can follow me on all the social media platforms the comments that I receive and the messages that I receive on all these social media platforms I personally address them so make sure that if you have any confusion any problems that you're facing in life in your preparative journey you write us on the social media platforms the links of the same are given in the description below so that's it for this video lecture we'll meet very soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpitakarwa.com