Alright ladies and gents, this is part 2 of my video on how to decalcify the pineal gland.  It's also very involved in the dreaming process. But for most people it's calcified, meaning there are phosphate crystals that are formed which have crystallized and hardened around the pineal gland, meaning that it's basically nowhere near as effective as it should be or could be. Now there are a number of ways to essentially decalcify the pineal gland and activate it once more so that you can start utilizing the abilities that the pineal gland will allow you to experience. Now there's a number of things that we could explain here, but firstly let me just very briefly recap in the last video, we explained that the pineal gland for most people is calcified, meaning there are phosphate crystals that are formed around the pineal gland which stop the true potential of the pineal gland being unleashed. The good news is it's possible to decalcify this. So let's just jump right in and I'm going to start by explaining exactly how you can decalcify your pineal gland. Now as I've explained before there are various reasons you would want to do this. I'm actually going to make another video very soon so subscribe to this channel and look out for that. I'm going to make a video explaining why you would want to decalcify your pineal gland and why you would want to activate it and use it more often. However in this video I'm just going to explain how to decalcify it. So number one and this is probably the most important you need to avoid what's known as SCAT. Now SCAT is a term which if you've done any sort of dieting, any working on your health or things like this you would have come across a term of void SCAT. Basically SCAT just stands for sugar, caffeine. So this is things like coffee, energy drinks, alcohol and tobacco. Now unfortunately the vast majority of people, especially in the western world, the vast majority of people, this is a huge part of their daily life. They have lots of sugar. They drink several cups of coffee a day. They drink alcohol at the weekends or in the evenings and they smoke tobacco. These four things, especially combined, are basically destroying your pineal gland as well as other areas of your health and wellness and your body. So I'm sure this doesn't come as a surprise. If you really think about it, you know this anyway. It's sort of self-explanatory. It's common sense. You know these things are bad for you. But in terms of the pineal gland, relative to its mass, relative to its size, the pineal gland gets the most blood flow of any other organ in the body. Meaning anything, like especially these four things that you put into your blood stream, are going to flow directly to your pineal gland and influence it and manipulate it more than anything else. So it's even more important to avoid these bad stimulants here if you want to decalcify your pineal gland. Now the next thing, it goes without saying that fluoride is a poison. It literally was first used in the Nazi concentration camps when they wanted to subdue the people and make them docile, weak, and essentially degrade their health slowly over time as a form of torture. Fluoride is bad news. It's poison. And if you actually look on the back of your toothpaste tube, you will see that it says, if you consume more than a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, you need to contact poison control because it's dangerous. Now they wouldn't put that and bear in mind, in toothpaste, there's actually a very low percentage of fluoride. So in a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, there might be like a speck of fluoride. And even that speck is dangerous enough that they have to legally put on the bottom of the toothpaste tube, contact poison control if you consume this, even that one speck of fluoride because they know it's dangerous. However, for various reasons, they insist on keeping fluoride in toothpaste. Despite evidence, I should say, that it doesn't help with tooth decay. It doesn't help prevent tooth problems. It's basically a poison that is used by the government and other systems of control to keep you docile and weak, especially in terms of a pineal gland. But there's a whole conspiracy around that. I'm not going to go too much into that. But you want to get fluoride-free toothpaste. And this can be in the form of aloe vera-based toothpaste. There are loads of options you have these days. Basically, just look in the ingredients of the things you consume, especially your toothpaste, and avoid anything with fluoride inside it. That's all you need to do. Now, I should also mention that water in most parts of the US and also some parts of Europe is fluoridated. Meaning the government and the systems which control the water supply pump fluoride into the water in hopes of, I guess, reducing tooth decay. That's what they publicly say, but the real reason is a bit more sinister. However, this is not the end of the world. You can actually get filters. You can buy filters which plug into your tap. They're not cheap, but they are very worth getting, I would say, especially when you consider the downsides and dangers of fluoride. Essentially, this is the cost you have to pay these days to have clean drinking water. Now, obviously, fluoride filters are expensive, but it's not the end of the world. And when you compare it to third world countries where they can't even have clean drinking water, having to spend a few hundred dollars on a fluoride filter is really not the end of the world at all, especially when you're going to feel the effects, you're going to feel the benefits just from having that fluoride-free water. All right, next thing, vegetables. Fruit and vegetables, which, by the way, you should be eating lots of, they will be coated in most cases if you don't get organic fruit and veg in pesticides. Now, pesticides are essentially poison. They do contain sometimes traces of fluoride, but mainly it's just other heavy metals and bad chemicals. All you want to do is avoid non-organic as much as possible. So you want to try and go and buy organic fruit and veg as much as you can. If you have to get non-organic, then just wash it. Just give it a good rinse under some cold running water, which also should be fluoride-free. And that will get rid of the vast majority of pesticides from the fruit and veg. Okay, so the next thing. Like I said, you should be eating raw fruit and veg as much as possible. That's not always the case. You will have to also get your calories from things like starches, rice, potatoes, pasta, that sort of thing. However, raw fruit and veg should be a large part of your diet. There's no debate about that. If you really think about it and if you research it enough, you will figure out that, especially if you look at things like the China study, the raw plant-based diet is the healthiest. So go raw as much as possible. Incorporate raw or plant-based things into your diet as much as you can. Now, garlic is a good antioxidant. It's also a good way of detoxifying yourself from the effects of fluoride. It's a good way of decalcifying the pineal gland. So you want to look at getting some garlic. The way I do this is I just have a jar of garlic sprinkles, ground garlic, and I just apply it to most of the meals I cook, especially if I'm starting with a base of onions and mushrooms, which I start most of my meals from that base. Then you can just apply some garlic to that while you're frying the onions or whatever, and that's going to get your garlic in your diet. Now, another thing you can do which will help you detoxify from the effects of fluoride is you can consume some citric acid. This is mainly found in your diet, but there are other forms of this as well. Now, another really powerful superfood actually is turmeric. Now, this is that yellowy sort of golden powder that you've maybe seen, it's used in many curry dishes, many Indian dishes and all sorts of things like that. It's very cheap, very easy to buy, and you don't actually need a lot of it. You just need maybe one spoonful of this a day, one teaspoonful, and that will be enough to get you the benefits. It's going to detoxify yourself and it's going to help decalcify the pineal gland. Very, very important. It's also got a number of health benefits across the board, so very worth getting some turmeric. Now, the next thing, if you actually have already consumed a lot of fluoride, which most people have through water and toothpaste, et cetera, you can actually consume iodine supplements. Now, this is a natural way of detoxifying yourself and removing the fluoride from your pineal gland and from your system. So, detoxing with iodine is recommended, but do your research. Check the dosages, check the interactions with other things you might be taking. And go from there. All right, so the next thing is you need to make sure you get lots of sunlight. Sunlight is going to really help with your health, not just with detoxifying and unlocking your pineal gland, but just in general. So get outside in the first hour of the day, get lots of sunlight, exercise, sleep, meditation. These things are all going to massively help with detoxifying and unlocking the pineal gland. So this is, as I said, this is a basic video. I just wanted to explain a bit more about how to detoxify and decalcify the pineal gland. You can find this stuff on my website. I'm going to link to the blog post in the description. Make sure you subscribe to this channel and bear in mind this is a long journey. This won't happen overnight, OK? So take this step by step. Really take the time to decalcify and detox yourself from these, the bad effects of fluoride and make sure to leave a comment letting me know how you get on and I'll see you next time.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspeakcasewrakes.com coming at you with 2021 Panini's or Panini Panini's Panini origins Panini is singular origins is plural one football eight box pick your team number six from jaspeakcasewrakes.com Very big. Thanks to everybody here who bought their team straight up a lot of you did. Thank you William ended up with that last spot mojo And we did pull out some teams for for the R&B for the random number block and the results of that are right here And that's uploaded in a separate video All right, so let's put that aside next to me right now Remember there are a lot of non numbered cards which may include autos and rpa's But there are a lot of non numbered cards of this group So at the end of the break with a different dice roll and along with any other randomizers if any We'll randomize this group and the name on top will get any non numbered cards from that group of teams So remember it looks like whoever did the previous break kind of put little Slash marks right there so we know that these eight boxes are the second half of the fresh case that we popped open Chad my thoughts on John Groot and Jeremy. Sorry about your area Not not not not a good day for the Raiders He he said inappropriate stuff. He should have resigned and he did It's just it's very it's very disappointing. Yeah, I don't listen It's not like the Raiders are gonna be a Super Bowl team or anything like that, but I think You know, I think John Groot is still a pretty popular figure kind of disappointed see all that stuff come out but Gotta move on try to win football games There's Tannehilt 299 that's for Tennessee for Peter DJ shark 55 out of 79 for Sean and the Jaguars Let's see. Let's see if I have a playing card here that I can use All right. See you Thomas Yes, please. Thank you We'll use the King of Diamonds here. You got Nick Chubb Dwayne Eskridge and Our first relic is Ian book 4 out of 25 Nice big patch there for the Saints Brian Croft Jeremy, what's going on? Why are Jeremy Harder? Why are you in the hospital? Why have you been in there for nine days and probably for another few weeks? What's Nice Jamar Chase on card autograph, but you're feeling well enough To be in the chat, which is a good sign. I like that We're top loaders here nice Jamar Chase for Shawn Matic and the bangles. He got the bangles straight up He's been having a nice season and the RPA is for the Chiefs Cornell Powell Jersey and autograph That'll be for Kansas City on Hill Tommy you're at the hospital, too People at the hospital next box box to A bad infection that ate away your T5 vertebrae. Oh my god That sounds like something out of a out of like an episode of house Any idea how that how? You got that that's terrifying You got Dalvin cook to 299 Derek Henry to 99 Peter Aang with Derek Henry who had an excellent game down and cook Vikings Michael M With Minnesota The relic is to a tongue of I loa hometown roots relic 81 out of 99 Miami's a number block team. So that goes to dolphins Miami one And that will be for Jeff Jeff of Miami one The on card is Dwayne Eskridge Seattle Seahawks That's going to go to the number block and you will note that this is not numbered So this will be part of the non numbered group which I'll set aside in a different pile We'll do that randomizer at the end. There's Till and Wallace Jersey and autograph Baltimore Ravens goes to Aaron Billingsley in the Ravens Or I think at the half down to the Colts It's a fungal infection. That's scary And it's one in a few million. That's how rare yours is I'm any idea how you How you got it like it outdoors work maybe Well, it get better either way Hopefully they'll they'll figure it out real quick got a redemption on the bottom here got Miles Sanders 26 out of 99 for the Eagles That's part of the number block team. So Eagles six will be for Kelly Cooper Cup 294 out of 299 Rams Rams four is going to be for Jeff We had Denver that goes to Michael Detroit, that's a number block team Browns that's for Adam Bernstein and Seattle was a number Kind of split those Justin Jefferson for the Vikings and Mack Jones nice Mack Jones rookie card for the Patriots Sean Matic No clue how you got it. That's crazy We'll get well soon. That's terrifying. There's Calvin really Fort Lauderdale, Florida. That's his hometown roots 10 out of 10 that goes to Brody and his Falcons I like those hometown roots cards got a nice little copy on the back right here, too The on-card is Anthony Schwartz 17 out of 49 Cleveland. This is for you Adam Bernstein with the Cleveland Browns dog pound and the redemption rookie jumbo Jersey autographs are I think I know who this is H Remandry Stevenson for New England It's been a pretty Pretty common Redemption Patriots Sean Matic with the Pats Jared Goff 71 out of 71 that's line 79 that is Lions one Detroit one is for Jeff Lights Camara action 83 out of 175 for the Saints Brian Croft got David Montgomery For Chicago, that's a number-block team and Pittsburgh also a number-block team non numbered cards It'll be part of that group future fabrics Minka Fitzpatrick. That's 80 out of 99 Pittsburgh zero That'll be for for Jeremy Kenneth Gainwell That's an on-card non-numbered auto for Philadelphia Eagles non-numbered group and Then the RPA is Trey Sermon nice Jersey and auto Trey Sermon 28 out of 75 Niners Christian with the Niners Wow rebel saying the raised hide it. I'm watching the Dodgers game right now It's just got underway. I guess the rays aren't done yet And that bought that Red Sox bullpen Heart attack inducing got Joe burrow 53 out of 79 for Cincinnati for Sean What a game for Josh Allen last night 35 out of 99 Stephen Davidson with the Buffalo Bills There's Gronk for Sean in the Bucks and say quan Barkley poor say quan for Stephen Davidson Hopefully he gets back on the field soon.  I think he had a nice game too. I think the Falcons finally using him the way I Think maybe we all want him to be used more often Brody ATL That's his Falcons right there nice Kyle pits We got Terence Marshall jr. Little cat team mojo last bond mojo William with the Carolina Panthers All right three boxes to go. We got big Ben 7 out of 25 Pittsburgh 7 for Jeff got to a 2 11 out of 2 99 Miami Miami 1 that'll be for for Jeff as well That's for Michael and the T Higgins will be for Sean And your hits the relic Davis Mills 6 out of 25 three color patch Nick L with Houston. We've got a Pat Friar myth Origins auto on card not numbered part of that non numbered group. So a few autos in there already I'll go to one person in that number block and then we have Simi Faeo co for the Dallas Cowboys two color patch and auto eight out of 25 Dallas for Cory Cory bought the Cowboys straight up Cory see grew up to bat now two boxes to go Chris Godwin. Oops. Sorry Chris Godwin to 2 99 for Sean the Buccaneers Dalvin cook to 99 for Minnesota Michael Christian McCaffrey for William and Elijah Moore for him and the Jets Kellan Mond 90 out of 199 Vikings Michael M the on card in the middle is Red ink auto 52 out of 99 Davis Mills, and it'll be for Nick and the Texans Davis Mills have some upside maybe He's hanging in there In Houston and there's Jalen Darden Jersey and auto Buccaneers and Sean Matt. It got the bucks straight up Final box another down and cook for Michael and the Vikings Michael in Minnesota to 299 The Andre Hopkins 77 out of 175 for Ryan and the Cardinals George Kittle For Christian and Amon Ross St. Brown for the Lions. That's part of the non numbered group and your final hits We got Ron Bale Moore 51 out of 99 for Ryan Hines and the Arizona football Cardinals commercials, but I think looking to the other baseball game Not on this channel I don't know my direct TV channels here. It's got to be on this channel. There it is All right in the middle is Des Fitzpatrick origins on-card autograph for Peter Aang in Tennessee And the last one here is a book at Ian book three-color patch and autograph 99 out of 99 and that will go to Brian Croft who picked up the Saints straight up Thanks everyone now. We got a randomized the non numbered cards So there was a few base cards a few autos So these were not numbered so we'll randomize it to three rookie autos there too and some non numbered base cards We're gonna randomize that as one lot to one person in that number block group So let's flip back to that number block group There it is So let's gather all the names from Jeremy down to Mark and everyone in between New dice new list name on top gets it after Ten times four and a six ten times one two three four five six seven eight nine and Tenth and final time after ten Jeff Henn on top. Thanks Jeff for getting into the action. I appreciate it This was pick your team six This goes to Jeff from that number block group. Thanks again everybody. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking We've got origins random teams in the store if you want to check that out one spot gets you two teams I believe so check that out on Jasper's case breaks calm I'm Joe and I'll break more football with you next time. Bye. Bye


I'll play a little bit of pressure, okay. If you can play through into one of your midfield players, play into them.  Okay. Play the ball back into the foreback. Stay away from me. Stay away from me. I'm you now. You stay away from me. So as I receive it in here, I want you to play on a different line. So I never want you to receive it on this side of the halfway line, okay. Me and you are going to play opposites, all right. So as that happens, I go into you and then we're both live. Happy with that? What might happen is, another option, and I'm giving you them now so you can see them, and then when I have to come in and ask questions about it, you're aware of it. Another option might be, as you come in, I might want to nick the ball around the corner into my front man and then go and play. You're happy? Yeah. And also, as it goes into my wide player, I might not like the pitch of it. I'm coming away. Yeah.


Get it, alright? Six taps on three. One, two, three! Two thousand three one. Two thousand three one.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss translation of the functions and their graphs vertically and horizontally. Also known as vertical and horizontal shift. First of all we will discuss vertical shift or vertical translation. Now suppose we have a function y is equal to f of x then as repeatedly the vertical shift of the function is given by y is equal to f of x plus k where k is a constant. Now if k is greater than 0 then the graph of the function is shifted or moved upwards by k units and if k is less than 0 then the graph of the function is shifted or moved downwards by k units. Now let us consider the example of trigonometric function. Now we know that the graph of the trigonometric function y is equal to sin x is as follows. Now we see graph of the trigonometric function y is equal to sin x plus 3. Now this blue curve is the graph of the function y is equal to sin x plus 3. And this is of the form y is equal to f of x plus k where k is equal to 3 that is greater than 0. Now if we carefully examine the two curves we see that graph of the function y is equal to sin x plus 3 is same as the graph of the function y is equal to sin x. It seems that we have just shifted the red curve above by 3 units. Now the distance between each point of the function y is equal to sin x and the function y is equal to sin x plus 3 is of 3 units vertically. Thus here is vertical shift of 3 units above because here k is equal to 3 that is greater than 0. Now let us see the graph of the function y is equal to sin x minus 3. Now here this purple curve is the graph of the function y is equal to sin x minus 3 which is again of the form y is equal to f of x plus k where k is equal to minus 3 that is less than 0. Again this curve is similar to the curve of y is equal to sin x. It seems we have shifted the curve y is equal to sin x 3 units down. So here this red curve is shifted downwards by 3 units and we have obtained the graph of the function y is equal to sin x minus 3 and here as k is less than 0 so the graph is shifted downwards. Thus the vertical shift is represented by y is equal to f of x plus k and if k is greater than 0 then there is a upward shift by k units and if k is less than 0 then there is a downward shift by k units. And now let us discuss horizontal shift or we can say horizontal translation for suppose we have a function y is equal to f of x then as regularly the horizontal shift of the function is given by y is equal to f of x minus k the whole k is the constant. Now if k is greater than 0 then the graph of the function is shifted or moved to right by k units and if k is less than 0 then the graph of the function is shifted or moved to left by k units. Now let us consider the following function y is equal to x square which is of the form y is equal to f of x now here we have drawn graph of this function that is the function y is equal to x square. Now the graph of this function is a parabola with vertex at original. Now let us see graph of the function y is equal to f of x minus 2 the whole now we replace x by x minus 2 in the function y is equal to x square. And we get y is equal to x minus 2 whole square which is of the form y is equal to f of x minus k the whole where k is equal to 2 which is greater than 0. Now let us see its graph now this blue curve is the graph of the function y is equal to x minus 2 whole square. Now when we examine both the curves we see that blue curve is a vertical to the red curve but it is at a distance of 2 units from red curve. Now here we can see each corresponding point on both the curves is at a distance of 2 units. Thus it seems we have shifted this red curve by 2 units to the right and we have obtained this blue curve and this shift is called horizontal shift here k is equal to 2 that is greater than 0. So the shift is towards right now we see graph of the function y is equal to x plus 2 whole square this is of the form y is equal to f of x minus k the whole that is y is equal to f of x minus of minus 2 the whole. k is equal to minus 2 that is less than 0. So its graph will be like this that is this purple curve gives the graph of the function y is equal to x plus 2 whole square. Again it is identical to the graph of the parabola y is equal to x square that is this red curve but it seems that we have shifted the curve y is equal to x square to the left by 2 units and we have obtained this purple curve that is the graph of the function y is equal to x plus 2 whole square. So this is also horizontal shift back to the left because k is equal to minus 2 which is less than 0. So here when k is greater than 0 then we have horizontal shift to the right and when k is less than 0 then we have horizontal shift to the left. So in this session we have discussed about horizontal and vertical locations of functions and this completes our session hope you all have enjoyed the session.


We're here behind the scenes at the 21 convention.  Sure? I was a contrarian point of view that you can actually have healthy monogamous relationships with women It looked at particular What do you do at the end result after you actually find the girl actually able to develop a minor relationship with her and Actually be able to take that much much further And what are the skills that's involved that you actually need to have a healthy productive monogamous committed relationship great What do you like about the event? It was amazing aspect was that it was about centering about personal development on a multi faceted front And it wasn't just on a singular issue on a young men's society It was actually well almost multi-generational there there were young guys there their older guys there my life myself and There was a lot to learn and yet yet the same time everybody was committed to improving the quality of their lives And the relationships are in great. Do you endorse the event without a doubt? You know actually very proud to be a take part I'm pleased to see it take place and be a part of that. Thanks. Thank you


Hey there! If you're into the conversation about psychedelics, please come and attend our live Healing with Plant Medicine Masterclass on September 7th. This event will kick off our Spirit Medicine Walkers course, which Rick Strossman is also a part of. You can RSVP the event using the link in the description, and please enjoy the video. At the very least, we must enlarge the discussion about psychedelics. Psychedelics are quickly growing in public curiosity as millions discover their value in healing personal traumas, creative problem solving, and transforming awareness in powerful and often mysterious ways. Some even believe they may be a gateway into different dimensions, where others suggest they promise the key to our collective healing as a whole. But the question is, what are they, really? Today, we intend to find out. Joining us to really break it down is none other than Dr. Rick Strossman. Thirty years ago, Rick was the first North American physician-scientist since the 60s to perform scientific studies on psychedelics. During his trials, he administered approximately 400 doses of DMT to nearly 5 dozen volunteers. His work set the stage for the psychedelic revolution sweeping North America, and today, he is here to share the magical wisdom that he's learned with all of us. And stay tuned till the end, because we'll share with you how you can watch a massive Q&A with Rick personally, along with a full-blown psychedelic educational experience. Hi everyone. Wow, it's a good-looking crowd. Okay, in order to understand psychedelics, first let's explore our modern understanding of consciousness. There are several approaches available, but two models, useful for our purposes are Freudian and Buddhist psychology. Freud taught that there are three mental locations for ideas, memories and feelings. One is the conscious. We access this information easily, and working with it occupies much of our day. We are conscious of these things, aware of them. The pre-conscious, sometimes called the subconscious, contains things available only after a little effort. We deal with the pre-conscious when we try to remember, for example, the name of something. It's at the tip of my tongue, and it comes to mind a moment later. Then there is the unconscious. Memories and feelings, which no matter how hard we try, are simply out of our reach.  We know the unconscious exists by its effects on us. It's not uncommon for us to do, say, or feel things. We know aren't good or true, but still cannot change. The source of these inner conflicts and how they play out in our lives can only be guessed at. Dreams, Freud taught, provide hints as to what is buried in the unconscious, and that's why dreams are important in deep psychotherapy. Buddhist psychology can also really help us understand how psychedelics work. This ancient system teaches that consciousness consists of a handful of mental functions, functions which become clear through the practice of meditation. These are thinking, feeling, perceiving sensations, the body, and our habits. The end result of these separate functions working together is the sense of someone being conscious. This could be everyday normal waking consciousness, or some altered state brought on by meditation, psychedelics, dreams, near-death experiences, and so on. Alexander Shulgin was the father of modern psychedelic pharmacology, how the chemical structure of psychedelic substances alter our minds. When lecturing, he illustrated the different kinds of psychoactive compounds with these symbols, an up arrow, a down arrow, and a star. The up arrows are the stimulants. They give us more energy and focus, like your morning coffee, and they affect only one or two of the mental functions we've just talked about. This narrow range of effects may help us to resolve some psychological issues or provide new insights by making, say, things in the pre-conscious easier to remember. But their limited benefit is outweighed by their medical and psychological side effects. The down arrow, on the other hand, makes you relaxed, sleepy, and slows your thoughts, and are known as depressants. Think alcohol, the most popular of these sedating substances. Like the stimulants, they affect only one or two mental functions, and while they likewise might help, for example, thin the barrier to the unconscious, side effects like abuse and addiction cause a lot of problems which are all too common.  Maybe because of their sweeping effects on our psyche, they are also the most helpful in gaining greater self-knowledge, as well as making it easier to put into practice new ways of living our lives. You'll notice we are using the term psychedelic rather than entheogen, or even plant medicine. Psychedelic has going for it the fact that it is neutral. Psychedelic means mind manifesting, or mind disclosing. The name doesn't imply any goals, or good or bad effects. More to the point, psychedelics manifest or disclose what exists in your mind. Only you can have this exact experience, because of who you are, exactly. Your life experience is in education, your emotional and physical condition, your beliefs, hopes, and fears. But what about the name entheogen? Well, it assumes a lot, and this limits its appeal and universality, meaning generating the divine or God within. Entheogen assumes that there is a God, or a spiritual force or forces, but not everyone believes this. And a spiritual experience may not be what they're looking for. Say in the case of a hardcore atheist, who, by the way, still might benefit from, or even enjoy a psychedelic experience. Entheogen also implies that those spiritual forces, or even God, exists within us, that the information or the source of that knowledge is generated from and resides within us. But many people believe such knowledge comes from an outside force, a God who is separate from us. And while we can approach God, we never become identical with God. So someone with these beliefs may shy away from ingesting an entheogen, who likewise might also benefit from a psychedelic experience, because it's not part of their fundamental worldview. And if the goal of taking an entheogen is to have a spiritual experience, what happens when we don't? Is that our failure, a failure of the entheogen, or a failure of the beliefs attached to the term? As far as the term plant medicine is concerned, this is particularly useful for us today. And it falls in between entheogen and psychedelic on the neutrality scale. These are plants that may include psychoactive compounds. This term may be an important one for the adoption and recognition of the healing benefits of psychedelics found in or derived from plants, specifically when performed with the proper intention set and setting for beneficial medicinal purposes. In the psychedelic experience, our senses are magnified in a supernormal way. We may leave behind our bodies with our minds now free to wander further inward or outward than ever before. We feel powerful emotions, joy and sorrow, ecstasy or terror. We may merge or unite with all of existence and time and space disappear. Or we may see and communicate with the usually invisible, seemingly spiritual beings who share their knowledge with us, help us or even heal us. Psychedelics are chemicals that have strong subjective effects which alter one's perception of reality and sense of self. They work by altering what our neurotransmitters send out or receive, specifically our serotonin system. The most important receptor for psychedelics in the brain is the type called the 2A. This receptor marks an important distinction point when comparing classical psychedelics to compounds which offer some similar subjective effects. A compound like MDMA acts by allowing our brains to be flooded with large amounts of our natural serotonin and activates many different types of serotonin receptors. Classical psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin mushrooms and DMT, responsible for more otherworldly experiences, supply our serotonin 2A receptors with something a bit different from normal serotonin. Just similar enough to fit. But to what degree the effects of psychedelics come from the unique nature of these serotonin like chemicals interacting with our 2A receptors, or simply how the brain reacts to having just 2A receptors stimulated and not the other ones, is still a question scientists are trying to answer. Attachment of a psychedelic to this receptor triggers a sequence of electrical and chemical events within that nerve cell. In addition psychedelics promote nerve cell growth and connections among cells, what's called neuroplasticity. So these better connected nerve cells may fire more or less frequently after the psychedelic binds to them. The information encoded in these patterns of activity now spreads to countless nearby neurons eventually affecting entire brain centers. To that end dense concentrations of the necessary 2A receptors occur right where you would expect them to be. Part of the cerebral cortex linked to thought and vision, hippocampus for memory retrieval, and the limbic system, the emotional brain. Another circuit worth mentioning is the default mode network, which relates to who we are, our sense of self, what we believe and feel, and how we interact with the inner and outer worlds. Psychedelics cause the DMN to function more randomly, in a less rigid manner, and this is felt as a loosening of the self's bonds. These ideas, beliefs and habitual emotional and behavioral reactions. At the same time the DMN becomes more responsive to new information. Now our self sees ideas and feelings in a new light, attaches greater or less meaning to them than before because of the DMN's greater sensitivity to input. Alternative opinions and assumptions may make more sense and change feels more likely if not inevitable. Things about us and the world become truer than before and easier to act on. These effects of psychedelics, of course, are apparent to anyone who observes their own psychedelic experiences, yet for some of us it's satisfying to have scientific confirmation of what we already know from our own experiences. Now all of this becomes especially valuable when we discuss the factors that make up what you actually undergo during your trip, set, setting and substance. Set is our makeup, who we are at the moment, physical, mental, spiritual and even nutritional. It also includes our education, beliefs, past experiences along with our preparation and goals for this particular session or journey. What do we want and why? Now setting is the physical environment, laboratory, nature or a city for example. It is also our social environment, such as being alone with others. Setting also includes the set of the people around you. Are they supportive or critical, friends or strangers? Are they depressed or angry or happy and lighthearted? And are they under the influence of any psychoactive substances themselves? We've learned so much over many decades about the critical role of set and setting. We can align these factors so as to make positive outcomes more common and reduce negative ones. Given the right set and setting, research shows that psychedelics may reduce depression, substance abuse and alcoholism, disordered eating, domestic violence, the risk of former prisoners returning to prison, antisocial and borderline personality disorders and OCD. From the wellness perspective, they may increase creativity, spiritual growth, meditative power and appreciation of music and nature. Finally, besides the all-important set and setting, the subject of substance is not just what kind of psychedelic you take, but also there's the matter of dose. This could include enough for a full-blown trip or a microdose. Microdoses may be so small that they have no effect at all, but have taken daily for some weeks may produce subtle yet meaningful changes. A slightly higher dose may produce effects like the up-arrow substances, sharper focus, more energy and elevated mood. Slightly higher doses yet, while not fully psychedelic, indicate to us where we might be heading. Research today is finding that psychedelics can support us in achieving certain psychological and spiritual goals when taken in the right circumstances, along with facilitating both mental and physical healing. If psychedelics can rearrange our psyche into greater health, so might the body follow suit. This could be especially true for those disorders where psychological factors play a significant role, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, pain, autoimmune diseases and more. It's for this reason that it's so important that if we're venturing into the psychedelic universe, we do so with the right set, setting and substance. And this is exactly the reason why we've collaborated with Rick inside of spirit mysteries with Spirit Medicine Walkers. This is a full-blown 30-hour masterclass that we've created to provide you with the ultimate psychedelic knowledge to guarantee you have a powerful and healing journey. Along with a special Q&A with Rick, we also have an exclusive interview with Arithmia Shaman and explore thoroughly setting up and navigating ceremony among many other things and take the first step to becoming a Medicine Walker yourself.


I am Dr. Prakash Sawanke, working as associate professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering at Valshan Institute of Technology, Sulapur. Today we shall discuss on principles of organizing. Earlier we have continued with these three videos, so this is the fourth video in that particular series. At the end of this session, students will be able to explain the concepts and principles related to authority and responsibility in context of organizing. So let us try to understand first certain basic concepts. So the two words authority and power are very commonly used. Let us try to understand exact meaning of these words. Authority is the legitimate right in a particular position in the organization to command the subordinates. So this is very important that this is given to a particular post or a particular position in the organization. For example, sales manager. So that is the post. So the person who will be working in that post will be automatically getting the authority. The persons may come and go. We can also see the authority as the right to exercise discretion in making decisions affecting others. So the decisions, in decision making there is a right to exercise discretion. And these decisions are such that they will be affecting others also. So this is the authority in context of the organization. Power is more broader concept. It is not related only to the organization, but it is the ability to influence behavior of others. It might be in the organization or in general society as such. So there are several sources from which this power originates. One is the legitimate, so that is by the post in the organization, so that is also we can call it as the authority. Then another source is because of the information and knowledge that you have, automatically that becomes a power. So people will come to ask you, inquire you, get the information, get the knowledge, advice. Then the third source is expertise and skill in a particular field. You may be for example competent in operating a particular software, ARP, master in that. So that is the expertise and skill that will automatically give you power and will become powerful. A good orator, this already expertise in communication, so that will give you some power. Then next is a referent power. So you can refer or say your role will be referred by others, say that is a referent power. Then the reward power you can give rewards. For example in any institute the professor can give certain grades or marks to the students, so that is a rewarding power. Similarly there is a coercive power for certain seven people, so they can give punishment. So that is a kind of power, so that way there are several sources of power. So authority again is the legitimate power in the organization. Now normally along with the authority, say the responsibility and accountability, these two words are very commonly used in the organization. So what do you understand by the word responsibility in construct of the organization we should take? Yes, anybody? Now just see here responsibility is the obligation say that is created and that obligation is of a subordinate to perform the assigned and implied duties which are assigned by the superior to him or her. So that is the responsibility, it is the obligation. Work has been given to you so naturally say that particular subordinate has to listen to his superior, his boss and say the obligation then that is automatically created say on that particular subordinate so to perform that particular task or accomplish that particular task. Well accountability similar to responsibility it refers to the obligation of a subordinate to report or answer to superior regarding the responsibility or the task assigned to him or her. So what happened to that particular task which is assigned to you? So that you have to answer, you have to report. You have to accountability it may be in terms of some money, hours spent or some other resources or what degree that I mean task has been performed like that. So that is the account of the say that particular activity that he has to give so that is the accountability. Now in every organization the authority has to be dispersed in the organization delegated to the subordinates so that the organization will run. There is a process of delegation of authority so there are certain steps so which should be followed so that that will be fruitful. The first step is determining the results expected or you can say objectives or goals so what is expected so that should be determined of that particular activity or from that particular subordinate. Then the second steps comes that assignment of duties to the subordinates to achieve that particular results or that particular goal so that is assigning the duties. Now third will be delegating the authority necessary to accomplish the same. So authority must be given even if the worker has to give the production he must be given the authority to handle the material machines tools so that he can give you the production. So that authority which is necessary to accomplish that task has to be some in delegated and the last important aspect is holding the subordinate responsible and accountable for the outcome of that particular task. We have already seen the meaning of this word so I need not repeat. Now the word is delegation of authority it is not a kind of distribution. Delegation means the authority is given still the superior retains it because he is superior so he retains the authority with him also. So that is say he can anytime withdraw the authority so that is the meaning of delegate that even if you are given it it leaves with you also. It does not mean that you don't I mean leave it totally. So that is the importance of the word delegation. Now while delegating of the authority there are certain principles that we have to I mean follow. So one is scalar principle so there is a clarity from whom the authority is flowing to which subordinate. So if it is more clearer that this subordinate has to report to this particular boss this boss has to command this subordinate so that is better so that is the clarity. Unity of command is second principle so it says that normally one subordinate should receive the orders or instruction from only one superior so that is the principle of unity of command. The third is consistency with the objectives or results expected so that is obvious. Then authority and responsibility both should be equal as far as possible. So you should not be given authority lesser than the responsibility that is being shoulder or other way around. And one more thing is at absoluteness of responsibility though authority can be delegated responsibility cannot be delegated. The superior is responsible for any acts said done by his subordinates even though subordinates are done in that way if you see if the chief executive officer of any company is responsible for any activity which is done by even a peon or even a salesman in the market so that his responsibility is absolute that cannot be delegated. And one more principle is authority level. It is expected that whatever authority is given to you you should make the decisions yourself within that authority and you should not refer them upwards so that is the principle of delegation of authority. Now there is normally two words that are very commonly used in the authority centralization and decentralization. Centralization of authority means concentration of decision making power at the top level of the management. Say normally all important decisions are taken at the top level. Operative decisions and actions at the lower level are again closely controlled. Decentration refers to systematic efforts to disperse the authority at the lower levels. Truly speaking centralization and decentralization are not absolute terms but they are relative and they are tendencies. From the book of Essentials of Management by Harold Koons, Hains Venreach, so McGraw-Hill Education Private Limited then Principles of Management and Administration D. Chandra Bose, PHI Learning Private Limited. I thank to them and thanks to all of you for listening.