So my name is Julien. I'm an architect at a company called H IQ where we build product management platform for Managing operating fleet of connected devices and Today I'm going to talk to you about a device management communication standard called the light with M2M and And the related open source project for implementing it So The first part of my presentation is an introduction to light with M2M I don't know many of you are familiar with light with M2M and co-op I don't know if you are familiar with light with M2M Okay, yes quite some people who don't know it. So it's okay. So I'm going to talk about light with M2M then discuss a bit about the Eclipse lesion project, which is a more server-side implementation of that or you can use that with the Zephyr clients and Yes, and then the last part is more about When to use light with M2M and a bit of on a bit of feedback on the standard that it's thought to be quite old now So first, yes light with M2M is built On top of the constrain it application protocol and it's mainly why light with M2M is called lightweight Because co-op was built in a way to be a light protocol replacing TCP and HTTP in a single protocol Basically you have the same Semantic as HTTP you call URLs With paths with methods you get a response code Theorically you have a transparent mapping with with HTTP Which is not the case for light with M2M due to the way light with M2M is using co-op But the way co-op was designed was ready to build this HTTP Replacement but for lightweight IoT devices plus some extra features which are not available on HTTP like Observation for streaming data Back from a single request You issue a get and every time the value change you get multiple answer to that and the blockwise transfer which is a way for Constrainted devices to Negotiate the size of the message exchange with with the server Mainly yeah, maybe it's something you apply to only for IoT devices on HTTP You have chunk encoding, but it's different. I would say and Then yeah co-op is very compact From a high-level point of view, it's basically a Small eater defining what kind of message it is. It is a get is it an answer to to something etc A token for correlating multiple messages between them for creating a transaction and The equivalent of HTTP either which which are called options for For example defining the content type of the payload, but in place of using Text-based either like you do in HTTP 1.1 Here you use numbers a Code for the header as an option you want to set and a code for for setting the value like one code to say Content type and one code to say its text basically Yes, and then you can push a payload with the co-op message So if for example, if it's a response to a get you can have a payload But if it's a get you just have the description of the get but you don't have a payload So later attempt to M So the ice the first the first release 1.0 was published in 2017 it's It was started way before I see I work at on the prototype of an implementation in 2014 so it was based on some draft and It's a standard managed by the open mobile alliance, which is a Standard body focus on cellular technology, so it's not like the 3GPP which is focused more on the Wireless protocol open mobile alliance is more focused on the application layer. I would say And it was started to be a replacement to for all medium So medium was or still probably still used a device management protocol for mainly cellular phones Where you are using HTTP and XML a binary version of XML To manage the the phone or it was also used for machine to machine communication and When we started to see a new wireless technology like LTM and NB IOT We know that all medium will not be very efficient on that. So that's why so may start at the work on the on the lightweight M2M protocol so the Physically in late right M2M you have multiple Protocol in one. It's a bit like co-op which is replacing You'd TCP and HTTP in single protocol in light with M2M. You have multiple parts Which are basically the replacement for I would say three or four protocols The first part is the bootstrap phase Which is mainly a way for Provisioning devices so you provision your device at the factory with some key material and some URL for reaching what we call a bootstrap server and then when the device come online it's reaching the bootstrap server and then the bootstrap server is in charge of giving the connected device The URL and the credential for connecting to the management server Most of the time with lightweight M2M you use one management server But there is some use case where you can have maybe two. I never seen more than two but But yeah, the idea is to use this bootstrap server to redirect the device or configure the device to go in some places. So for example to manage Win on which server you are going to put your devices Could be based on the regions or application or whatever and also you can use it as a way for distributing the key the certificate or the pre-short key for security authentication and Yeah, and if the device at some point is not able to reach its device management server The protocol mandate the client to go back and redo the bootstrap phase. So it could be also used as a Fallback mechanism Then you have something which is looking more like a presence protocol, which is a registration phase and It's where it's interesting to see how co-op is used because it's where you can see that co-op is not really used as you will do is HTTP client and server So the device start want to register with the device issue post on the device on the server Providing it some information and then Server answer with some token and the device now needs to refresh this token to show that it's still online and still Remember its state for example if the device reboot Losses token this registration token then it's forced to do a new registration and then the server knows that the device lost his state and it's useful for some Management operation I will discuss about later Yes on the device Issue a post for registration or for updating then the server can also issue get post Put to interact with the device. So it's where it's a bit strange It's not like when you use a HTTP and an HTTP API is you have the two side the server and the and the device Sending methods to each other So yeah, so it's used to be it's used for Showing the presence of the device but also what is important to note is that since we are using UDP and If you are using UDP with a private network Behind a public network in the middle you have a not get away which is in charge of rewriting the IP address and What is particular with UDP and is the Default session time for those middle box for those not router. Usually it's more like 180 seconds For UDP where for TCP it could be hours Most of the time 23 minutes. It's safe. I will say so if you don't refresh every 100 second or so in this Kind of configuration, which is quite common Your your ability from the server to reach the device will be lost or you will need to wait for the device to refresh its Registration to be able to send a command. So So yeah, so it's important. Sometimes you think, okay, I'm using UDP. I'm lightweight I'm going to send less messages for example for over a cellular communication But in fact if you need to be online 100% of the time Maybe with UDP you will send more packets than with TCP Also, yeah, so there is the registration and there is a special mode for the registration called QMode for device Which don't want to stay online all the time typically battery Battery constraint devices for example a smart meter a smart meter Maybe you need to connect on Sunday to push to say hello to the server and the server to retrieve the Metering information, but Probably you don't want to send a message every 100 seconds to Keep online. So the QMode is that you are going to say this device is saying I'm going to go offline after some time Which is most of the time 80 seconds if the server don't send instruction to the device In this given time frame after the registration of the registration update The device is expected to go offline and then come back later with the registration update Okay, so we have these two first pieces the bootstrap So registration and now we have the object model It's what is most important in lightweight M2M is what you use for managing the device for reading values writing values and Like what M2M is using this object model based on URL but each pieces of URL are numbers and Numbers or the first numbers represent what we call the object ID and The object ID so there is a bunch of Object defined by the standard and it's what provide the Interoperability on the at the device management level so You have a device object for example Representing all the device information like the manufacturer the model the serial number And each device are supposed to implement the object in the same way and present the data in the same way So you need to fit in the object model to become interoperable Yes, so the standard define a bunch of object plus there is more object than that And then you have this concept of multiple Instances or single instances objects for example the device object or the location object It's a single instance device because it's you have a single device So you don't need to have multiple instance of that But for example or object which are a bit more Software abstract like the light weight M2M server, which is the information For the values server the device need to connect to or for example the software object, which is An object for installing Software on the device they can be multiple instances Because you can manage multiple instances of different software or multiple instances of the server Information for the device There is also a bunch of new well new of Object define for sensor which was merged into the lightweight M2M standard for Managing Sensor and actuator. So it's interesting if you want to Expose some very simple value like a humidity Value a sensor value which are maybe not core to your application Because probably for your application you have those very specific needs and probably you will design your custom object But for example you are building a machine with a very complex System, but on the side you have Temperature monitoring and you say okay, maybe it's good to add it to my system and In case in the future someone operating the system want to know the temperature of the system to detect some Problems they will be able to look at this at this value. So the object model is Mainly something you want to publish Or at least you need to define it There is a central repository managed by the OMEI You need to define your object using some XML definition language defining all the values you have in your in your object and And package that and Maybe you can publish that publicly and the OMEI will give you a number an official number and it will be your object and Anybody will be able to Understand and use what your object is exposing Or you can do a private object and not publish it if it doesn't make sense So we have this object model where we can read write Values on the on the device and now how to push values and create a telemetry pipeline from the device to our application to our server It's why you have two mechanism one the first one the first historical one which is observation. It's some a Server driven Mechanism so the server issue get on the values object or resources It's interesting to it's interested into monitoring with the observation option on the on the query And then the device will send a first Answer and then if any value change in the observer to resource or object the device will send back Updates of the content Now since one dot one. I think yes, there is a new new system which is more Device initiated which is called the send operation Which is basically posting some content with pass and values to the server At the the device initiative so this is not controlled by some configuration It's really device application dependent If you want to control it you need to provide to build something an object or something else to to configure it Okay, so now Talking about the open source implementation. So first eclipse lesion. So eclipse lesion is a really on Java library For implementing lightweight M2M server and clients Clients, I will say it's more it was developed more for testing the server pieces You can build a device using this Java library, but it's a Regular Java library. It's not something very it's not embedded friendly at all It's a Library with no With little dependencies and no framework usage. So I don't know if you If you like to use a spring boot, which I don't like but if you want to use that you can totally take Lesion and wrap it into spring boot the spring boot framework if you like it's very We try to keep it very Java friendly plain Java There is a web demo UI for testing the protocol Which it could be useful for people developing clients and devices for testing the capabilities of the device But it's really not something you want to deploy on the cloud and because it's not scalable or not secure It's based on California the Java library for implementing co-app and DTLS but since recently a Layer of abstraction between the co-app implementation and the lightweight into implementation was Introduced so probably in the future lesion will provide Like to attempt when based on some other Java library like the So open co-op one Which is an interesting one because it's simpler and lighter than the eclipse californium one and yeah There is a sandbox if you want to test the device It's always deployed with the latest commit and there is two version of lesion one is v1, which is stable Sometimes there is really is for bug fixes or security problem, but there is no feature development It's targeting like to attempt to m1.0 And it's stable the API is stable And there is a v2 which is under development, which is targeting 1.1 So API is not stable But it's something you can use in production if you are not afraid of fixing some API When you upgrade your library, it's basically what I'm using in in production for hIQ and it's working. Well and And the lesion maintainer is doing a great job to document the roadmap or everything which is Currently under under work or or in target for the next releases and And who is working on what? So you can reach the people if you need Clarification or help on some features And yeah Yeah, I'm going to skip this part, but basically yeah, it's a Java library you configure it use You say, okay. I want to bind on this interface this port You could provide the models You want to customize for example and you start it and when it started then the server is ready to accept registration from the devices It's very different when you Use a client because on the client. It's a bit different what you need to do is Define of the all the objects you want to do for example for the Zeffield item 2m client You need to define all the objects you need And set the values for example for the device object you need to set the manufacturer for example and Yes, and since a lot of like to item 2m is controlled and configurable through object by the protocol then the client often it's configured by setting values in the object and Yeah, as a number the developer something which is important is that This object model of like to item 2m means that each time you create a new object You need to consume memory for exposing the structure behind the behind the object So the more features or more objects you create the more memory you will need Yes, yes, well it's the Zeffield item 2m client is supporting some of the Standard sensor object. It's very simple to wire the sensor object of like to item 2m and the same so Facilities in Zeffield and with some worker push the value in the in the light to item 2m object and expose that on the on the on the communication layer Okay, so now Yeah, a bit of discussion about greater light to item 2m So light to item 2m is lightweight because it's using co-op. So that's what make it friendly for using wireless communication But that doesn't mean it's simple. You have this object model. You have this key Bootstrapping management protocol you have these registration pieces And yes, and over time you add more and more feature on the on the protocol And also the standard body they try to keep Backward compatibilities So every time there is a new release, you know what it is when you want to keep backward compatibility and for example when you read Optimization in the real is not of lightweight to item 2m. What does that mean? That means they are not Reworking what was done before they were they are introducing a new feature a new flag for having the feature behaving differently so More release often mean more complexity and and supporting more and more more objects Yes, and also something to know that if So the interoperability comes from the way object are built and people are supporting Try to to implement the same object so then from one server to another server Two devices are supposed to be able to manage the same way But that means for example for firmware update there is 20 way to do a firmware update in IOT so Sometimes yeah, you could find that a bit complicated the way it was Created in the in the standard for example for firmware update in lightweight M2M You have multiple step is not you send a firmware and you wait for a result. You need to send Write a packaging line using co-op or send a URL Pull the status from the server to know if the device is downloading correctly if it's downloaded correctly fine, you can go to the next Next phase or you need to look at the error code and the error code that are fixed in the standard so you need to Categorize your error in the error code of the standard and then yeah, it's On the and then that you go to the next phase you ask from the server point of view You ask the device to execute the installation And same you pull for status back, etc. Etc. So it can be a bit complicated and you need to fit in the what was decided in the standard So that's a bit the drawback to try to be Interoperable I would say and also there is sometimes strange complexity like when they created this software update object It's looking like but it's not like the firmware objects They have different states have different values for error code, etc. So Yeah, since it's a standard organization and you have multiple contributors sometimes you find things like that like pieces where which were frightened by two different people and they not very well or harmonized What is also a bit yeah a side effect of that of this standard Our Committee approach is the content type and I Don't know you you would expect that for representing all such a model like where you have Key and values and values being string or integer or float or Boolean or binary array You don't need to have a lot of different way to do that, but you have From a device point of view, it's not so important because I think most of them are optional so you can implement Only one two or three But from a server point of view, you need to be able to implement You must implement all the different media type and some are just the same in just a different language like json and sebo sebo is really just a Binary version of json. So yeah, so there is quite a lot of complexity by this accumulation of feature on more positive notes and What is interesting is that? I think it's today is one of the few There is really little option if you want to be interoperable in the IOT device management world There is quite a lot of people using eclipsation so here it's just a list of people who agree to put their logo on the eclipsation website, but there is more than that and And from the later item to end point of view the the standard is quite popular in cellular IOT for example if you are using a modem and for connecting, I don't know the LTM or BIOT and Your device is carrier certified You probably already have a lighter item to end client in the cellular modem because it's mandatory for having the certification so maybe you have a way for hooking your application to this system and Reuse something that it's already there There is now a large ecosystem of vendors I seen some in the in the conference and Yes, and They're proposed nice solution for scaling your deployment either from client point of view or server point of view Exactly what we do at H IQ like providing a nice device management Connected device operation platform and for our low-level light-weight M2M implementation we use Eclipsation And that's it for me if you have questions there's been a question in from the online virtual from Romain Pelotot and sorry if I've said that name wrong anyhow. He says thank you for the presentation is Lushan Ready for production as an LWM2M broker even with customization Okay, so Yeah, as a As a light-weight M2M server, I don't think we talk about broker for light-weight M2M, but Lushan, yeah, it's production ready in sense.  But yeah, I know that today it's used for deployment of More than one million devices You need to know how to scale your Java server, but it's totally production ready. I would say okay He's got another question With bootstrap x509 certificate is transferred from the server to the device on the wire Do you advise that the security? Do you advise that security mode anyway? Yeah, and then EST enrollment over secure transport is preferred question mark Yeah, so when you are bootstrapping you can exchange pressure key or use certificate, but when you use certificate You are not supposed to send the Well, I think in the protocol you can do it sending the private key Over the year, but also yeah, you it's possible to use a bootstrap protocol for Certificate with EST to enroll the device With your public key infrastructure without exposing the private key I think it was clarified in the 1.2 What the two release of the of the of the standard Does anyone else have any questions there's a mic over there people want to stand and go and ask any questions not seeing any Okay, okay. Well, thank you very much. Thank you very much


So hi a while back. I did a video called booktuber scavenger hunt, and I loved it so much that I have decided to do it again That's what we're doing in this video. I don't know why that was a weird intro So the idea of booktuber scavenger hunt is that I start with one booktuber They give me a reading prompt I go off read a book based on that prompt then I go back to them Tell them what I thought of that book and they send me to the next booktuber to get my reading prompt And we're gonna do this like three or four times like three or four different booktubers, and I'm I'm really nervous Apprehensive nervous bit scared also weirdly calm perhaps on the verge of hysteria because last time I got some Crazy prompts Zoe from Zoe's all booked gave me the prompt to read a book I thought was gonna be one star So people really have the opportunity to just fuck with me if they want I have no control over the prompts and beyond the first booktuber I have no control over the booktubers I go to either. So like I'm really just relinquishing control And this is gonna decide the first book I read this year So my first book of the year is always really important the past two years It's been a five star read and one of my favorite books of the year and this year I have no control over what it is, but part of that's good because if any of it's not five stars like it's not my fault So I asked Kayla from Vixen Lala to send me a reading prompt and I haven't watched the video She sent me and I think she's like I think I think it's not gonna go well I was talking about it on a live show that I did and she said that She doesn't even think it'll be a book I own. So let's just watch the video. She has sent me. Hi Meg We all know how much I love a good game. So today I'm gonna make you play mash Instead of giving you one prompt I'm basically giving you four and you're gonna have to find a book that fits all Four things that you end up with at the end. Good luck. Here's your mashboard The four categories are the genre. Oh my god. What items you see on the cover? What colors you see on the cover and a letter found in the title? There are four options you could land on per category and you're gonna pick a number between one and ten You're gonna keep counting out that number and every time you land on it You're gonna cross out that option until you're left with one in each category Then you take all four and you find a book that fits all of them I think it's gonna be hard and I'm happy about it I can't do it. You can. You can do it. You can. You can. Oh no Check. We're gonna play mash. I'm so excited. This takes me back. I'm just writing out the categories like the options I'm gonna film it on my phone. What number do I pick? I feel like I'm gonna go with eight because that was my first thought Okay, so I'm gonna go this way like that. So one two three four five six seven eight Okay, it has to have E in the title Okay, it's fantasy. It's fantasy. I feel like I own a lot of fantasy So that could be a good thing animal on the cover and then White we've got a fantasy. I feel like a fantasy is what I own the most of all So we've got like a chance there something that's white with an animal on the cover with the letter E on them I Will just say that I I Sabotage a lot of things About the year of the witching because it covers everything else, but no animal Oh How can you be in like a swamp land and not just give me like one small bird? I just need a my hair everything's going wrong. Just give me a bird. It's the animal.   Okay.  Do you think that can count as white on the cover? Yeah, you think yeah Okay, thank you. You made me feel so good about myself My mom said it can count as white on the cover. So I'm going with it We're gonna read when the tiger came down the mountain by Nevo. I'm very excited about this I know Kayla read this recently and really liked it. It came out I think last month the first one is the Empress of Saulton fortune and this is the next they're really short novellas Which really focus on like the art of storytelling and I am doing live reading sprints on Riley's channel tonight Riley Marie's channel I think I could read this whole book today quite easily whilst packing and doing loads of other stuff That counts as white like we've all agreed that counts as having white on the cover Sure, Jan. I'm really excited to read this especially because I know it's one that Kayla Liked and I picked this one up on her recommendation. So I feel like it's quite fitting So I actually just finished when the tiger came down the mountain I was intending to like check in with you halfway but I read to 80 pages in the reading sprints I did with Riley and then I just like it didn't want to stop So I just decided to finish it. I have to actually speak quietly because all my family are asleep. I love this I'm gonna give it 4.25 stars. I really really adored it There's something about Niveau's writing that is just so vivid for such a short book the world that this is in is like Amazing like it's so so so vivid so lush so detailed. I love it I love it basically this series follows Chi who is a non binary cleric I love that our main character. This is non binary. I don't think we have enough non binary main characters Like in literature as a whole it's their job to write down stories And they are traveling up this mountain on this mammoth who is the cutest mammoth in the world I really loved as well the character they were traveling with see you basically they get ambushed by these tigers These three tigers and the tigers want to eat them Chi like strikes a deal with them that they'll keep them alive as long as Chi tells the story about this tiger Who was in love with a scholar these two? It's like a sapphic Relationship the tigers and Chi have been told different versions of this story And so the tigers are correcting Chi part of what is really interesting about this is seeing how people can have different Perceptions of a story, you know, it's really interesting hearing Chi tell the story and then the tigers tell it in a different way And you can see how both can be true or one can be the version of the truth You don't know but hearing these same events told with different motivations and in different ways I really loved that aspect of it. I thought that just made it so special and so unique I think I even preferred it to the Empress or sort of fortune like I mean I love them both and look how good they look Together, but this had all the vividness and the amazing Relationships like the relationships are really really interesting in these and detailed and imaginative But it had that extra element of a really unique style or storytelling of not knowing what is true And how the truth warps over time. I think that's one of the greatest books of our time I just think that the way she writes that book. It just takes me to another place I just can't I just can't believe how this has some of the most vivid Worldbuilding and storytelling and it's so short and it's so brief as well like the time you spend at these characters I love the rep in these books. I love the writing. It's some of the most beautiful writing I think it's out there So I would really recommend picking up this series if you haven't yet already I told Kayla what I rated this and she has told me to go to Aaron from booked and busy next one of my favorite People in the world. Yeah, I'm just gonna wait for Aaron to send that and then we'll see what I'm gonna be reading next But first book of the year finish this on the first day of the year didn't take much time and it was Magical, okay, so I'm back in Leeds as you can see I promise I washed this jumper LMAO Aaron has just sent me her prompt so I'm gonna watch it now and I'm terrified I I'm so scared because she said she was gonna be mean. I don't know how mean she's gonna be But the prompt I don't think I'm gonna be going Hello Megan I hope this message finds you well and that you're having a great day because I might be about to ruin it So my prompt for you is to read the most intimidating book on your TBR And if that one is a little bit too hard Then you should read a fantasy book that another booktuber has given five stars enjoy Okay, I wish I were dead combine those most Intimidating book Hang on I need to look at my books that are wrapped up because it may be one of those I want to combine the two like I want it to be a fantasy book that another booktuber has given five stars And I want it to be something that I'm intimidated by oh Oh my god, it's that isn't it. I know what it is And I bet if I go and good reads loads of people have rated this five stars Nicole Nicole's rated it five stars I couldn't find out if Aaron's read this. I feel like she has yeah, okay She's read this and she gave it five stars. Okay. Let me go. Let me go find it in this stack and unwrap it I'm gonna be reading the fifth season by NK Jemisin So like everyone gives this five stars, but I'm very Intimidated by it. It's quite long. Are you comfortable? I'm not scared. Are you scared? You should be I know this is like a book a lot of people struggle to know the synopsis of before going into it I just know it's kind of this fantasy dystopian the world is kind of ending I know that we follow I think a few different people and part of it or all of it is told in second person as well So like you do this you do that, but I've also heard like how long it takes people like it takes people a really long time to get Through I'm really scared I'm glad that this is gonna finally make me get round to this but like I'm terrified Last checked in with you I had to read the garment tower for my read-along of the winter night trilogy And then I've started this and it's taking me forever now I'm in a bit of a slump just in terms of like my speed of reading I didn't read the girl in the tower quick, and that's one of my favorite books I'm just struggling to read without audiobooks, and I really don't I don't don't at all think this is the type of book Or this is the book you want to be reading when you're in a slump Because it is confusing. I don't know I just thought this isn't the right time to be reading it, but we're gonna push on. Sorry. Let me adjust my bra strap I am 150 pages into it, and I am really enjoying it. The writing is amazing. It's very High fantasy. I think it's making me realize how like not high high fantasy a lot of what I read is I read more urban fantasy YA fantasy this is a lot for my brain to handle I always say whenever I was speaking about this when I hold it Oh, it's it's a really hard plot to explain. I don't really know the plot, but once I read it. Oh, no I'm constantly reading this and just thinking well Megan you are so dumb She's so stupid a lot of things that I think are just flying over my head Or you know when you read a scene and you're like, I'm almost getting all the information and like inferred Meanings of stuff I should be but I'm not quite getting it all That's how I feel but essentially this world is going through I think it's like another season I really hope I'm not wrong in saying this So like a season is when the world is ending and then it starts again But this is gonna be like a big big big one and in the society there are these things called Origins there are people with these special powers where they can like connect to the stone and like the earth beneath them and like Kill people or like cause these massive events and they're really like frowned upon in society Obviously people are very scared of them and we are following three different women or girls and they are all Origins one is an origin who had been hiding and been pretending to be like a normal woman for many years had a family and Her son had inherited the powers from her and she comes home to find him murdered Presumably by his father her husband when he found out that he had powers because people are that scared And now she's trying to track her husband down and her daughter to get revenge on her husband another one is a young girl who Was found out to have these powers by her parents and they gave her away to a guardian Who is someone who trains children who have these powers and our last one is a woman who kind of like For my understanding works within this organization that Origins are supposed to work in she is on this important mission But she basically her role is to have a child with the guy who she's on the mission with so there are three women Basically, they've all just been traveling so far and there's been a lot of world building Like I said a lot of it is going over my head But I am enjoying it like it's it's a lot I just can't take this There's too much, but I really like the writing. It's beautiful. It's really sarcastic as well I love when books are written with this really Sarcastic tone of voice and the audio book does a really good job of playing up on that Also, one of our perspectives is written in the second person So you do this you do that you go there and I'm enjoying that so much more than I thought I would I was Scared and intimidated of that to begin with but it makes you feel so Absorbed and connected to the character like you are going through everything with them because you are them in that in that Kind of way of storytelling.  I really want to do that, but I need to go and get some uni work done because That's happening again now I don't know if it's gonna be a five-star just cuz I feel like the circumstances prevent it from being a five-star like I just don't particularly want to pick this up right now like I'm just not in the right mood But also I kind of think maybe it's a bit too like complex to me.  I think I've realized something. I've connected the dots I've connected the two dots. You didn't connect shit, but I've connected them I was probably supposed to realize it's a long time ago. I'm currently on page 297 and the signs are all there. I mean I could be wrong I could be completely wrong because it hasn't been like confirmed or anything yet But I think I've realized something that's been happening throughout that is very clever And I feel very clever for realizing it if it is that that is so cool Like I can't say it because it's spoiler, but like if it is that that is so Just exactly what I want to see that's what I want to see. I would like to see it So I've been enjoying it a lot more. It's definitely now like a solid four minimum I've said before how I've struggled when you're following different story lines and in a story like I typically Find a bit of resistance with books like that. However, I really like it in this each of our three story lines That we're following are really individually strong are really individually interesting Have things that are pulling you back to them every time you leave them You're like wait, no, I want to be with that story wait No, I'll be with that story. So like they are doing a really great job of holding your attention in each one I really love the complexity of it as much as it makes me feel like I have a tiny brain I can admire it and the whole stuff would do it like earth and stone and like Elements like I can vibe. Oh my god. I hope what I think is gonna happen and it has been happening is true I hope I'm not crazy. Like I hope that is actually reality. I think I've just had confirmation. I'm right And I'm very happy about it Have the mind of a master master. I have the mind of a master might what's that? I don't know maybe I should have known this from the start because there are certain things that make it very obvious But like oh My god, it's so good And there's my glorious football pitch I'm gonna get the bear. Oh Megan Megan Megan. I've got a photo for you There's like cherries here with like ice on them. Wow. What do you look at that? I finished the fifth season and I loved it like I loved it Oh Yes, it is just so beautiful and clever and heart-breaking and oh, it's just everything like the first 150 pages that first third I couldn't read without the audiobook like I couldn't really follow it without that But as I got more and more into it, you just get into it and you learn and you're like so absorbed I felt by the end of this I felt so absorbed in the story I think I'm gonna give it a 4.5. It hasn't quite got that like five star feeling, but it's very close It's a brilliant book. I really really really enjoyed it I would recommend it to everyone if you want fantasy mixed in with dystopian the thing that I said I thought was happening did happen And I'm so glad it did because it brought such an interesting element to the story and fleshed out the whole story and Linked it all together in such a brilliant way. I cannot wait to read the next one in this series I need to get my hands on it asap I'm gonna like move it to the top of my wish list and hope someone gets it for me for my birthday Because I just feel like I need to get back into this world and like consume it as quick as possible and like finish this series As quick as possible to just like keep everything in my head It was just so vivid and I became so attached to the characters by the end like there's literally nothing wrong It does take a while to get into like at the start you will be like oh my god What is happening like you'll be so confused but once you get into it? It's like incredible It's so so so so good so harsh and how love and Strength and bravery can be found in these horrible situations I think it ties into issues in our world so well and makes you reflect on so many things It's amazing. It's so good If you haven't picked this up yet because you've been intimidated like I was you'll start it And you'll still be intimidated, but once you get into it. It's so good Smile I told her and I loved it and she has sent me to Jocelyn from Jocelyn reads who firstly can I say I'm obsessed With her thumbnails this trilogy I believe was one of her favorite series last year So that's why Aaron sent me to her and Jocelyn has sent me my last prompt for this video So we're gonna check it out. Hi Megan So I get most my recommendations for books from booktube So I thought it'd be cool to give you the prompt to read a book that you bought because it had all the book To pipe and you haven't gotten to it yet. Good luck. Oh Okay, that's a really exciting one. Oh, that's really kind. Thank you so much I think that's so many of my books I went and I had a look and I think I found a good middle ground This is one that I picked up because of multiple booktubers But I feel like a lot of people have been talking about it as well And that is the Year of the Witching by Alexis Henderson So I picked this up because both Kayla and Riley loved it who I pick up a lot of my recommendations From them and I am gonna be reading it this month anyway for Aaron's Book Club Which is perfect timing Aaron's Busy Bee Book Club This is the book for January and I'm co-hosting this month, which is so clever to ask me All I know about this is that it is like a horror fantasy Historical combination. This was very kindly gifted to me by Gabby as well I'll link Gabby's channel down below and get I am so excited for this I haven't done a five-star prediction video in ages because I still haven't read all the books for my last one The level of unprofessionalism far too much If I was to do one now, this would be a five-star prediction for me Like I genuinely am that excited to read it So we're gonna go for this and hopefully I love it A third of the way through the Year of the Witching I am what page am I on? I'm on page 125 Firstly I just want to say whilst reading this I have been listening to the soundtrack of the video game Far Cry 5 the entire time which is like this Small-town America cult which is very similar to what this is like Christian extremist cult takes over the county And I really love the soundtrack. I don't play it Tom plays it I can't play video games for the life of me I really love the soundtrack of the games so much and let me tell you the vibes are immaculate like with this like talented brilliant incredible amazing show stopping spectacular If you read the Year of the Witching just trust me just go listen to the soundtrack Like you just gotta trust me like they pair together So well, I'm really enjoying this so far So since you were following Emanuel who lives in this cult But she's kind of like not able to be fully in it because her mother was very Scandalous she had a child with like an outsider who are black people who are shunned to the outskirts of the area This cult is in there's also a lot of witchy Stuff, I don't know like spoil anything but basically Emanuel is discovering that perhaps the stories of the witches the four main witches who bore plague and death to this cult that perhaps her mother had Stuff to do with them and perhaps they're not as much of a myth as she originally thought the vibes Oh my god, this is exactly what I want to read like it's everything. Yes sis pop off go in You didn't have to snap so hard like I love this like toxic religious like back stabbing Coat setting like I just love it like I think it's so interesting to see all our characters in this setting and the way that People have to act and the way that the rules of the cult dictate everyone's lives And it's just so interesting and like on the first page Like there's a sacrifice of a lamp and I got really upset and then I thought to myself Megan it's a horror book. There's probably a lot worse to come The atmosphere the writing there's a certain like Relationship that has a lot of tension in it that I really like I really like Emanuel as a character I think the story of her mother in the past is really interesting. There's so many interesting Elements this so I'm really enjoying it so far Two thirds of the way in and here's the thing I'm really loving it like I really love it But I think because I want it to be a five star so bad and it just doesn't Quite feel like that. I'm a bit disappointed like and the thing is I'm sitting here It's like a four. No, it's like a 4.5 I'm sitting here and there's nothing wrong with it. Like I'm thinking to yourself myself Megan What's wrong with it and the answer is nothing However, I just don't have that five star feeling where you're just completely in love with it My first three reads of the year have all been books. I've really enjoyed like my reading is going well They're all four 4.5 stars But I just want a five. Do you know what I mean? I just want a five so bad Please Let me know how often when I read a book and reading vlogs You'd like me to check in at the moment I check in every third But would you just like like a halfway check-in and then an end check-in Which are a bit longer than my current check-ins because I've started to feel like at the two thirds point Which is this point of a book like everything's just gearing up to happen So there's not much to say does that make sense? So let me know how often you think I should check in with books because I feel like always at this two thirds check-in I'm kind of like well It's all it's about to go down, but it's not necessarily going down yet I kind of wanted to be a bit darker Like I went into it hoping with this whole witchy vibes and like how it started as well that it would be a bit more unhinged I just wanted to be a bit more like I didn't get real dark when we all know and actually I don't think everyone knows except my darkness like I'm getting dark like you know how Catherine house was like Like a bit unhinged. I want that and it's not giving me that it's a bit more like traditional However, I think your writing is incredible. I love Ezra the prophet son, but also I don't trust him one bit one bit don't trust him one bit but like You know like I love him, but like at the same time I'm scared he's gonna be our antagonist at the end But I just want a bit more darkness like hopefully we're gonna get that when I read horror I want It to be a bit more tense whereas I feel like we know a lot of what's gonna happen in terms of bad stuff I don't know but I am loving it. That's like the point five the pacing is so good like in every scene I don't know how to describe this but like just the way That actions are described and they will flow into one another and the way that like The stories move forward it just paragraph to paragraph. I'm talking not from like even chapters chapter like Literally sentence to sentence the way the stories move forward is like almost clinical Like it's you are only told what you need to know, but it's done very very well And it's beautiful writing at the same time and it once is like when I said, oh, I don't know if I read any cult books They everyone says bunny. I'm not when I say cult. I'm not talking about five people I'm talking about a village. Like that's what I'm interested in.  I'm talking about a town a county Overtaken by a cult like this.  I'm here for like that's what I'm interested in. Oh, I love also Can I just say No, I love every chapter opens with just a little quote Some are from the holy scriptures Some are from old prophets, but a lot are from Miriam Moore and a few actually from her dad as well So from Emmanuel's mom and dad and that's just very interesting And I love how Miriam is like a character even though she's not a character like It's just so good like how we get to know her partly and understand Why what's happening is happening, but she's not a character. I just think it's very good So I'm gonna finish this tonight. I'm hoping for good things. I'm hoping for a bit more darkness I want some stuff to go wrong because like all those stuff has gone wrong so far I just want more Okay, so I actually finished this last night, but I've been editing the video all day So let me keep this quick because I know the video is already 10 years long Just get to the point I finished this and I'm gonna end up giving it four stars The final third was actually my least favorite part of this. I mean, I still really liked it It's still a four star But I didn't like the direction it went in it felt a bit static to me It just felt like it lost some of its potential and excitement in that final third I just constantly wanted more. Do you know what I mean? Like I just constantly was like give me more. Give me more. Give me more throughout the whole book And I think about the first two thirds I was like well, we still got a potential for more But then I just felt like we never really got to where I wanted us to be it never felt truly dark enough Don't be shy. Put some more Put some more For example, I feel like the witches these these four witches who have been delivering plagues to this town throughout history They weren't explored enough I think as characters they could have been so interesting and yet we barely followed them. We barely met them I wish we could have gone into like the mythology behind them and the background behind them and like Met them more or like just explored who they are and their powers more I felt like that was really lacking. I'm like, these are some of the most interesting characters in this book Can we please follow them a bit? But that didn't happen I felt like what carried this book was the vibes like I'm not, you know, not the ending. However, I would still really recommend it I'm still so excited for the next one in this series I can't wait to see where it goes and what happens because it's kind of without spoiling anything Like I don't know where it can go like the fifth season had a very clear lead into the next book and this doesn't So I'm very curious. That is it for this video. I'm sorry. It's been so long Let me know down below if you've enjoyed it. Let me know if you would like to see me do this again I love doing these kinds of videos. I think it's so fun Fitting my fate in other booktubers hands. Make sure you go subscribe to all of the booktubers who were in this video Who contributed and gave me prompts. I'll leave them all linked down below So please make sure you go subscribe to them all and if you have gotten to the end comment Oh comment the horse emoji. I feel like we had a lot of horses Comment the horse emoji if you've gotten to the end of this video.  Bye


Hi, my name is Kelsey Weidman. I'm in electrical engineering here at EVM and at the end of the summer I'll actually be starting at IBM here in Vermont Doing engineering there working on their chip development and design Here at EVM they have such a positive relationship with all the companies around locally as well as nationally That that connection really helped me get this internship which therefore turned into a job afterwards I'm extremely excited about starting and putting what I've learned here at EVM to the test and see how it goes You


So you you guys all know I'm not Bob Murphy, right?  You're not gonna leave. Okay So anyway, I'm Patrick Newman. Thank you for attending The title of my talk is America 2021 the threat of progressivism. Okay, so I gave a talk on the progressive era and sort of our current climate political climate earlier in the summer in June in Birmingham, Alabama and I posed the question are we on the cusp of another progressive era because what I was trying to Sort of show was how since March when the world sort of bottomed out in the economy cratered unemployment shot up to around 20% Industrial production fell we later found out that in the second quarter real GDP declined at about an You know an annualized rate of 33 percent, which is which is really bad. That's sort of like great depression bad In how the government was passing all of these policies the stimulus checks the CARES Act the Federal Reserve's very expansionary monetary policy all of the the lockdowns and in local ordinances and so on etc etc a very sharp increase in government intervention and I was trying to compare it to The progressive era of the early 1900s and show how well we were sort of mirroring mirroring this this this this Massive increase in government intervention and we are on the cusp of this So fortunately the economy has gotten a little bit better Unemployment has gone down to about you know 10% you know only you know 10% or something like that You know only Industrial production has gone up a little bit and this is you know You can't really argue at all that this is from expansionary fiscal or monetary policy at all You know this is just simply from allowing the economy to at least partially Reopen so it's amazing what will happen if you literally practice a hands-off policy You know you allow businesses to open and they'll actually produce goods. It's quite it's quite incredible you know if you just let them sort of do their job basically and You know so we've been experiencing that and you know If this will continue throughout the rest of the year And really you know next year a lot of that it kind of depends on what the government's gonna do What's gonna happen in the election? You know the situation doesn't look pretty either way I mean I think though that we're on we certainly you know You could see some very seismic changes happening in November and that could spill over Into what's gonna happen and that the 2020s really? 2021 is in really February 2021 Sort of like the last You know, you know you during the Great Recession when you passed a lot of big federal laws You know you could see another progressive era Okay, so really a threat because these policies are a threat to our economic freedoms to our You know Economic well-being to our personal liberty to our sanity to our Lee I definitely know my sanity to our you know our Psychological state of mind, etc. I mean these are things that could really cause a very serious A lot of serious problems So it's why I said sort of the threat of progressivism, right?  It's this giant machine sort of unstoppable Consuming everything in its wake right and you know, it's sort of lumbering ahead to America And you know, how do we how do we stop this? Okay? Now, okay, we talk about a progressive juggernaut. You know I've already given very Vivid imagery and hopefully you see me there with like some sort of sword and a shield or something trying to stop it I'm an economist so I can make unrealistic assumptions, right?   Yeah, I'm actually regressive I want to I want to decrease living standards for everyone, you know make things worse off. Yeah, I'm sort of a reactionary You know, it doesn't really sell well, right, you know, unfortunately though, that's not what the word means That's not what I'm trying to say that the word means because certainly progressives would like you to believe That's what the world word means. Okay, Murray Rothbard talks about that a lot in his book the progressive era, which I'll be discussing Word changes sort of controlling the meaning of words like liberal like what originally meant libertarian classical liberal You know, it's what we have to describe it now now means something very very different, you know What Jeff was describing would really be considered a federalist in the original description of the of the word in the 1770s early 1780s and that you want a decentralized relationship between the states and the government But that's not what federalists meant. All right, then federalists basically meant nationalists, okay And then you call the opposition anti-federalists. That's another thing Rothbard talks about and conceiving liberty No one wants to be called an anti-federal. You just sound negative. Are you got anti? I know and no one likes that, right? So what we really mean by progressive what I mean by progressive what I mean to say by a progressive era or a progressive juggernaut is cronyism Okay, so cronyism is when the government passes policies not in the public interest They might say it's in the public interest, which we'll talk about but it's really to benefit special interests. It's to benefit connected corporations and businesses politicians and bureaucrats you know Intellectual so academics technocrats policy makers etc. And so you think of labor unions or other activists What I like to call agitators of personal agitators of strife basically, okay? So and they're benefiting these concentrated groups at the expense of the public overall Okay Now of course what they do is you can't sell anything like that.  And so on so you think of something like the paycheck protection program, right? It was you know ostensibly to provide for people when they're struggling, right? Because they can't work so you know you're a business except you can apply for these these loans and so on it's got this very public interest You know you're sort of mantle this description and then in reality you find out a couple months later There's a bunch of you know attorneys and wealthy doctors and and other sorts of rich companies that you know Didn't really quote need the money But they had the political net connections the connections with banks to be able to get in line first It's very clear cronyism, right? So You have this public interest, you know, you have this stated public interest and of course, how do you do it? Well, that's a very crucial group one of the groups. I just mentioned you have the intellectuals that help you they sort of spin You know, they did the intelligentsia they sort of spin the apology. They say well, it's benefiting It's in the public interest, right? And in reality, they're just sort of getting a cut on the side Okay, so that relationship that cronyism that I was speaking about between intellectuals and the government etc That's something known And Jeff sort of referenced this that's something known originally as the alliance of throne and altar, right? So how does the king how did the king back in the day sort of Get the public to support all of his policies, you know to pay their taxes to go fight for him to give up some of their Land some of their resources etc. Well, you had the priests who said the king was divine He comes from God. You have to listen to him Worship the king is literally larger than life in many ways because he was given all the food So he'd literally be like a giant back of the day. He'd be like 511 or something, right? So I'd be pretty tall back then which have been cool And instead he said, you know, the priests say this instead Well, the king will give him some taxpayer money that build a nice church gives him a cushy jobs Sort of cozy sinicures, right? And nowadays we have the intellectuals do that So they are in their state universities in their nice jobs there, you know the term for that is tenure We you know that you have the Comfy think tanks policy analysts, etc advisers the politicians and they sort of spin all of these Justifications for these various interventions these acts of cronyism. They say it's not cronyism. They say it's progressivism All right, and that's how these policies sort of get supported. Okay, so that's what I mean by Progressive it's really sort of crony Okay, that's the idea. So you think of are we on the cusp of another progressive area? You say are we on the cusp of another era of cronyism when I say America 2021 the threat of progressivism I say America 2021 the threat of cronyism. Okay So, you know, all right, I mentioned that now what I want to try and do is sort of compare some of the progressives of today 2020 with some of the progressives of the past 1920 or 1900, okay, and sort of show how they're similar you sort of name some names you show they came Actually from sort of similar backgrounds or similar motivations similar types of policies and how it's really you know There's not a whole lot different kind of in many ways. It's very similar. All right So who are the progressives of the past? All right these people that Your average, you know social studies teacher or your history professor would say, you know, they were the they were the great Champions of the public interest and etc. Well, you know, who were these men and women? Okay, well, you know, they actually came from a fairly homogenous background, okay They wouldn't really pass the diversity test today. They all came from New England. Okay, they were Yankees Okay, what that meant was you basically were the descendants of the Puritans All right, and you live the New England or you emigrated to Western New York to the Midwest, etc Okay, and you had a intense sort of from the second great awakening of the 1830s you had an intense sort of even, you know, just just an intense fiery religious Aspect to your thinking so religious itself isn't bad being you know Christian etc. Evangelical not saying that But it's the idea that you need to remake the world Okay, you need to stamp out sin if you want to save yourself you have to save others Okay, sort of a post millennial pietist.  All right, and then this spreads to economic intervention Because what happened in this is exactly like the progressives of today is that they became secularized All right, so they all got their phds back in the day. They got their phds from Germany So in the late 19th century, they went to the bismarck second Reich All right, the bismarcking welfare state They got their phds at these big job, you know, I'm excuse me at these large schools the state schools, etc In Germany back then it was very anti free market anti theory very pro interventionists, right So all these, you know, all these new academics, right, they come back to America. They say wow, this is great You know, this this this is this is awesome. We now need to change the world. We now need to make sure we need to Pass all sorts of regulations. We need to centralize economic activity. We need to create what's known as the fourth branch of government The administrative state Okay, the the my least favorite branch of government Okay, it's the one that doesn't even it's not even supposed to exist, but it does And so they had this intense desire to now Teach everyone else how to behave. Okay. They were also intensely elitist Okay, they believed in eugenics the idea that you could control the labor supply To improve the overall quality so you could basically drive out the unwanted people in society You use a minimum wage to unemployed immigrants or other, you know, less desirable elements of society. So immigrants from eastern and southern europe Africans south americans asians, etc. Those all interfered with the The the the the yankee basically so the yankee was the elite, you know control everyone else All right And of course they wanted to spread this across the world, you know, they thought big right So you think of wilson wilsonian democracy, right? You now need to go invade europe and so on so Hopefully as i'm saying this, you know, you're kind of thinking okay. That's not so much familiar to today Um, do you think all right at least going through some of the big characteristics, you know, the yankee the pietists they're Very academic They're elitist They're also a bunch of foreign interventionists So the only way you could really describe this is they were sort of pestiferous busy bodies They wanted to interfere in everyone's life Tell them how to behave because they knew what was better for you Okay, in terms of economics You know, what were the actual sorts of policies that they were supporting again things sort of very similar to what you hear about now Right, you had the two groups You could say the two types of economic philosophies the and sometimes they were working together Some as they were clashing the people in those groups. You had the corporatists and the socialists Okay, the corporatists were those large progressive businesses And intellectuals and politicians They didn't like the free market these businesses are trying to achieve achieve monopolies Okay, but they're unable to due to the Market competition new competitors coming in cartels breaking up and so on So they wanted the government to pass all sorts of new regulations create new trade commissions To basically clamp down on this various types of competition price competition product competition, etc All right, so things like the federal trade commission the federal reserve system All right, the interstate commerce commission What later became the food and drug administration and so on all of the regulatory commissions Uh, I don't like, um, there's not many I do like but anyway These are all the very problematic regulatory commissions and they wanted to Basically have the government create Sort of cartels that would be able to administer society This is actually the original form of fascism And it's no surprise that many of the progressives were enthusiastic permanents of musilini's italian Fascist state in the 1920s. Okay. Now the other group is the socialists Okay, the people who really vehemently anti big business. They wanted to break up big business through antitrust. They wanted to pass all sorts of Radical redistribution Of wealth. So back then, you know, the radical income tax, right?  Maybe there's some names you're familiar with those are the classic socialists or populists okay In sort of the combiner of both groups would sort of be like a woodrow wilson All right He's sort of able to lean to one group and lean to another and he was able to kind of get them to work together To accomplish their goals. So they get all enriched themselves at the expense of the average consumer the average taxpayer Uh, the public so on and so forth okay, so Uh, yeah, these those are sort of some of the uh the progressives of the past and What they wanted to do They passed all sorts of various laws regulatory commissions. I just mentioned the income tax Right, they only said the income the income tax is only going to apply to the 1% Okay, we know how that turned out All sorts of various environmental laws labor laws, etc in the early 1900s All right in these were a threat. They were they slowed down economic growth They hurt personal liberty, especially in world war one, which is one the progressives were really running the government So on and so forth. Okay, so it truly is a threat of sort of the threat of the past Okay, a classic progressivist intellectual was someone known as richard t. Eli Okay, it's fairly, you know, very very religious very sort of fiery He said, you know, god works through the state The state is religious in its essence. So you had to stamp out sin. You had to correct the world All right supporting all these various interventions and so on So those are the people sort of running the government back then, okay Now who are the modern progressives? Who are the people we have to look forward to now all the people I named They're they're they're long gone. You know, they've been dead for for for many years, right? So the progressive now All right, they're not Yankee But you could say at least they congregate in new england Right, you know around all the ivy leagues All right in in boston and where are they also congregate? Where did they spread out sort of in yankee fashion? All right, they spread out to the cities the big elite cities new york city washington dc seattle san francisco Los angeles the rest of the country is this is the flyover states sort of like where you go if you're going to vacation somewhere If you've got to travel across the country from la to new york or something like that. Okay They're no longer religious But they still have that in the sense that That that that drive to to remake the world to shape it According to how they see because the religion is no longer some particular type of christianity You know, the religion is egalitarianism or it's really the state It's the state will take care of you the government can solve your problems Big brother can take care of you right, you know, we can all the government will will solve our problems We will use the government to sort of usher in a new epoch or a new era All right They didn't go to germany for their phd's, but they're certainly credentialed They've got elite degrees elite phds and other sorts of Graduate degrees from the elite ivy leagues in the california state schools and so on you also got university chicago right in chicago there Um You know they they have this intense sort of elitism Or what may be called The medical term is known as ivory tower syndrome So they know what's better for you than what you know, right? They've got the degree You know they got their phd from from an established place so on and so forth So they have that they have that drive Right, they have that they have that you know that that that that intense sort of academic credential or they can sort of boss around the world They don't believe in eugenics, but they're still heavily elitist and that they want to try and now shape The world in a just the laborer supply is sort of teach people and indoctrinate people to believe a certain way Right sort of the egalitarianism the woke ism the social justice the the general See change in schools and thinkings etc that collectivist sort of idea For the collective is greater than the individual they have that and of course everyone else is equal except for them Right, you know, you've read the stories of various high-profile politicians in prominent areas They're saying oh everyone's got to wear a face mask or you can't work out the gyms are closed But then like they're able to get a secret little gym or they're able to get like a little uh Table in an italian restaurant in new york, right? So i'm not naming names, but people know who i'm talking about right um And uh, so they they they have you know, they're better than you right and they want you to know that they're better than you Okay, and they're also very interventionist. It's no surprise now that many leading neoconservatives foreign policy hawks are all progressives Okay supporting sort of this all right america has to take this Leadership position in the world and that leadership position always comes with spending more money So of course justifies higher taxes and government borrowing in federal reserve monetization of the debt and so on and so forth okay In terms of their economic ideologies, you still have the conservatives in the so excuse me the uh, the corporatists in the socialists Right the corporatists of today. There are those connected with wall street in big tech So amazon alphabet the company the google facebook Uh apple microsoft uh uber so on and so forth right where they Support safety regulations internet regulations etc. That's going to hurt their competitors more than they will All right that they have the comparative advantage In uh working around so the tech companies clearly their employees can work from home or more easily from home amazon You know not saying they've been intentionally, you know pushing the coronavirus But they certainly benefit their business goes up from these lockdowns etc. You know you ever you buy everything from amazon now um You know and they these large companies even the restaurants etc They can retool their facilities to have the face mask mandates or they have the the the the shields or you have the All right, you got the little things on the ground or you got to stay six feet apart If not, you know, you're going to spread the plague and so on so they have these Uh, they have that advantage uh that that they they can suffer the compliance costs, etc So they don't want to break have anti-trust break up their companies, but they support sort of Federal laws regulating their industries You know the big tech companies got big through the free market But now they want to use government intervention to sort of cripple their competitors Okay And of course you have the socialists So the people who are supporting these ridiculously grandiose ideas like the new the green new deal All right, we're costing an astounding 93 trillion dollars overall over the years now Of course they always say it's going to cost less because that's what you do. You can seal the cost It's like running for it's like election 101 All right They have the universal basic income All right, we're now the government is your is your is your right to stay at home and play video games all day Uh and have the government pay you so you can live, you know life You can rent the house with like four other people and do that they support these wealth taxes And of course they only say it's going to happen the 1% but remember with the income tax Because there's got to be some way you're going to pay for the Impending entitlement crisis and all of the other programs and so on and so forth So you still have these very sort of radical ideas that the corporatists would also like as long as they can make sure they benefit So they get some of those environmental subsidies They make sure that the universal basic income and the wealth tax is offloaded onto the middle class the cost at least That's what happened to social security Middle class mainly pays for social security. It's actually a regressive tax All right rich don't really pay that much for it Again, even though the common perception is the opposite, but that's how you sell that progressive cronyism. Okay So, you know, if you think of today at least Think of someone like a hillary clinton would be a classic corporatists a bernie sanders Or an elizabeth warn or an aoc would be a classic sort of socialist Right those groups, you know, who would sort of be the the woodrow wilson Kind of combining really both of those groups sort of doing the straddle back and forth, you know, what would be going on And I think it's the best You know would probably be kamala harris at least where you think of someone who's straddling both of those and is really kind of Sort of the democrat nominee Um for for president, you know something like a william crawford or a william henry harrison thing is going on biden But you know, that's kind of who you're really sort of voting for Um And you know, you think about it and this isn't just to like play partisan, you know You know or something like that, but really kind of covers all the The the the range because it's very corporate as background Wall Street and big tech have donated very heavily to her campaigns, especially in california She's had a lot of her former employees and of working for these large companies She had a former senior council left a couple years years ago now works for amazon All right a campaign manager now works for google. She's got a brother-in-law works for uber stuff like that And she's you know support those types of regulations that would really kind of entrench the monopoly Right these monopolies you might have to talk to talk, you know Inact all populists and socialists, etc. But you know, that's really kind of, you know Those companies are making sure they're getting their money's worth basically And of course also supports sort of the the socialism Of the radicals, you know, so the very enthusiastic ron of the green new deal Now climate equity act two sort of combining environmentalism with social justice things like that All right supported a $2,000 a month universal basic income during the coronavirus crisis Of course that crisis would end whenever the government would want it to end All right, so it's kind of like 2000 We've already sort of seen the opening wedge to the universal basic income with the trump bucks and all of that all right And of course the wealth tax those very radical proposals To to to to to pay for all of these Government programs and so on you know really in many ways kind of embodies that sort of woodrow wilson Sort of progressive progressivist right sort of the the threat kind of of of progressivism All right, and of course you see obviously with the continuation the progressives, you know, all of this Kamala Harris Joe Biden You know everyone continuing all the lockdowns, you know, Joe Biden's something with like a national Uh, you know face mask mandate, you know something like that and so on You know really radical proposals that a lot of these proposals, you know, it's sort of like You know again, you gotta you choose between the lesser of two evils and it's not looking good Either way, but it's really kind of like a Uh, sort of it's a threat. It's a threat to our economic well-being these programs. They're going to impoverish us They're going to wipe out savings They're going to hurt our future generations as Jeff Jeff said our children and and their children and so on right It's a threat to our personal liberty All right, you know the this a lot of the what's been going on recently You know, I don't know if you've had people affected but in terms of just depression and suicides and alcoholism and drug abuse You know, all of that will go, you know has gone up and that maybe we'd even continue to go up Uh in the in the years ahead. So it really is sort of a threat It's a giant sort of crony juggernaut where the government is is sort of trying to enrich themselves at the expense of you all right So to sort of wrap up here, I guess uh to try and combine everything and what I've what I've been saying, uh, the great sort of You think of the libertarian critic h. L. Menken once had a very funny comment about the progressives Really the puritans, but it equally applies to the progressives. He said the great puritan fear is when Someone is somewhere somewhere someone is having fun That's the great it's the great puritan fear right because if you're having fun then you can't you can't save the world So in that vein The great progressive fear right the great modern progressive fear is that some way Is not wearing a face mask. Okay. Thank you very much