Next week, the UN system will meet again here in Geneva to activate the UN network on migration. This network, welcomed in the agreed text on the global compact last July, was actually called for by the Secretary General in his January report entitled Making Migration Work for All. It represents the visible manifestation of our collective commitment to support the compact's implementation in a coherent, collaborative, systemic fashion, while bringing IOM squarely into the center of this UN endeavor.


I'm Chef Robin. Welcome to our hands in the kitchen workshop. Today we're going to be talking about fats in the heart healthy kitchen, fats and oils. First we want to kind of get a handle on what fat actually is, the benefit and harmful effects of fat, too little fat, too much fat, then delve into the meaty types of fats because that's where it really gets confusing. There are different kinds of fats in our diet. Some are more beneficial than others. You want to speak about that and then actually take fats and oils into the kitchen and figure out which are the best ones to use for which item, which cooking techniques we want to do. So let's talk first about what fat actually is. So fat is one of the body's basic nutrients that provide energy. Along with proteins and carbohydrates, fats are really essential. There's an RDA for fats, the recommended daily allowance which is recognized by the American Cancer Association, the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association recommends total fats 20 to 35 percent of your daily calorie intake. So if you think of a plate and that's all of the calories that you can have for the day, the amount of fat as far as calorie intake is one little fifth slice of that plate. So not a huge amount. Four fifths of the rest of the plate should be something other than fat. So knowing the American diet, we know that probably people are getting way too much fat. So we really want to try and stay in that parameter of 20 percent to 35 percent of our daily calorie allowance or 44 to 78 grams. I'm saying grams because that's what's usually listed on the nutritional label on products in the grocery store so you can actually see what kind of fat content that product has you're taking home. Saturated fats we're going to talk about. The recommendation of that is much lower. Only 10 percent of our diet should actually be coming from saturated fats. So to boil that all down one gram of fat is going to be equal to nine calories. It sounds like a little amount but it's really remarkable how much fat is actually in things that we eat. So fat is essential in our diet. We actually need to consume fat for energy. We need to consume fat for healthy cell growth. We need to consume fat to protect our organs.  We know a little damage but we do need some nutrient absorption. Eating some fats helps us to absorb different nutrients from different foods and also hormone production. All of those five things our body requires fat to make it happen.  You need to have some fat for energy, cell growth, organ projection, and so on. But as we know most people consume consume consume and consume too much fat and that leads to obesity. That leads to rising, raising that cholesterol. That leads to an increase of heart disease and increased risk of stroke and increased risk of cancer because we're just overloading our body with excess that it doesn't know what to do with and what happens is bad things happen. So we really want to kind of like be aware of and stay within the limits and the recommendations that are given us as far as fat is concerned. We're going to talk about these four different types of fats.  We'll talk about that a little bit more. But let's start off with the one that was also recommended to keep at 10% or less. That is saturated fat. If you think about the word saturated a towel that's saturated with water can be rung out.  In the towels case it's water but saturated fat is fat substance on fat. So it's really dramatically not coming with anything else but calories for you. And saturated fats are usually in a solid form. Saturated fats one of the most familiar to us is butter. It comes from an animal. Saturated fats mostly come from animals. This is vegetable shortening. Vegetable shortening comes from various plant oils but it goes through a process called hydrogenation that makes it change into a solid. That process takes away any beneficial nutrients that those plant items might have had in order to become this spreadable creamy substance called shortening. The reason people use shortening is because in cooking process flour has gluten. Gluten tends to become a long protein when it is mixed with water or kneaded into bread which is great. It becomes these long strands of protein that make our bread rise up and our loaf of bread stays straight and sliceable so that we have a nice slice of bread. But in a pie crust that's not what we're looking for. We're looking for something flaky. So shortening shortens the gluten strands. It tends to coat all of the gluten strands in an oily substance and shortens them so that you get that flake in that pie crust or biscuit that you wouldn't get by adding just a different fat. Other bad fats and I hate to label any food as bad. Bad is not eating food. We all need to eat food. They're called the nutritional bad guys because they're the ones that tend to clog our arteries, tend to make us more overweight, tend to not be assimilated in our body in a healthy way. So that's why they have gotten this label as the nutritional bad guys because they don't really bring anything healthy to the table other than just fat on fat. Margarine is also a highly processed ingredient. Lard comes straight from animals. If you look at lard or butter or shortening and you see that solidness you kind of can almost visualize your little heart arteries or your blood arteries getting clogged up with that. So the good fats or better fats for you are the mono unsaturated fats which are liquid at room temperature.  It comes from olives, they get pressed, that oil that comes from them then gets refined but it's minimal. When it says extra virgin olive oil that means that it's the first pressing of the olives and the oil that comes from that. And so it's not really adulterated in very many ways. It's pretty much a clean product. It's filtered from the olive skins and pits and otherwise but it's pretty much what you see is what you get. You should always look for a dark bottle because olive oil can go rancid and we don't want sunlight or harsh grocery store lights to be on that oil. Once it's open it can be kept table shelf safe for up to two months. Other good mono unsaturated fats are canola oil which comes from the ramp seed. Canola is actually Canadian oil. People think that there's a plant called canola. There's really not a canola. But canola is pretty much an all-around go-to in the kitchen. It has a very subtle taste and it can be used for quite a few different items and products. I didn't bring an example of peanut oil. Peanut oil has a very distinct peanut taste. It does have what's called a high smoke point. It is a healthy fat for high heat cooking. So it's because of the flavor of the peanut oil it's not used necessarily for just cooking, everyday cooking in the kitchen. Olive oil, canola, and peanut are mono unsaturated fats which are healthier for you than the saturated. Mono means one time. So one time it has had something happen to it. Polly unsaturated fats are the next down on the line. They're also in a liquid form at room temperature. They also come just solely from plants. Examples of those are sesame oil. Sesame oil, sorry I have my hand on the label. Sesame oil. This is toasted sesame oil. It has a very distinct flavor. Coconut oil is a polyunsaturated fat. Not a lot of research has been done on coconut oil. It is thought to be not quite as healthy for you as some other oils. There's varying differences of opinion about coconut oil. Some people are all about it. Other health professionals are saying be hesitant. Don't make it your go to oil. It's much healthier for you to use more olive oil or use more canola oil. This is too expensive to use as a regular cooking product, but avocado oil is incredibly healthy for you.  Again it's the process of going from this to oil or from olives to olive oil. You want to have the process be as less steps as possible. The more processed or kind of manipulated an item is from its raw form to the form that you see on the shelf is more time that the manufacturer can add other things to it that aren't necessarily healthy for you, whether they be added sweeteners, whether they be added fats, whether they be added colors.  So you want to try and keep as close to the raw form of an item as possible. Let's talk about omega-3 fat. Omega-3 fat is really something that has gotten a lot of air time I guess in terms of being something that's really great for you and a great brain food.  Omega-3 fat actually comes in other plant and animal forms too other than just salmon and it's just a matter of making yourself aware. I was really surprised and excited to find out that one of the plant forms that contains omega-3 is Brussels sprouts. It's not in cabbage, it's not in broccoli, it's not in cauliflower, but it's in Brussels sprouts. What better idea to get Brussels sprouts in your diet in order to have great healthy omega-3 fat brain food? Also tuna. Tuna packed in water is a very inexpensive protein and fat form that your body is receptive to and that your pocketbook can actually afford. Sardines not my favorite go-to but they definitely do have omega-3 fat, walnuts and other nuts. Almonds have omega-3 fats which are healthy for you on a modified basis not handfuls but you know for snacking and flax seeds and chia seeds sprinkling them on cereals, flax seeds into your smoothie or another way to get this brain fat into your diet in a delivery system that's healthy for you. So saturated fats are the ones that we want to steer away from as far as day-to-day use. Monosaturated fats are the ones that we want to use more often in the kitchen. Polyunsaturated for specific reasons we might want to have them in the kitchen for flavors. And omega-3 is something that we would want to include in our diet on a regular basis and so again tuna is a great form of that in Brussels sprouts. Why not? I think that's great. So I made a little pros and cons and uses as far as the different fats and oils in the kitchen. Remembering which ones are better and healthier for you and I didn't use every single fat or oil that's out there. I just picked five that I feel like we are all familiar with and that we probably all have and that maybe we need to know a little bit more about in terms of whether we actually want to make use of them or not. So the first one is butter and again we spoke about butter being a saturated fat. Okay butter definitely is tasty and butter definitely has its use in the kitchen but if you are already maybe having too much of a weight issue or the doctor says that you need to start cutting back on fats, butter is not the go-to to put on your toast. Maybe tahini would be better. It is tasty, it is available, it is relatively inexpensive compared to some other items that we spend money on but high high calories, straight fat. It's a saturated fat, it's also it has to be refrigerated. Okay so it doesn't have a long shelf life and butter in the refrigerator also tends to pick up every other smell of anything else in your refrigerator. So it's just a very delicate product that maybe we don't need to rely on quite so much as we do. People do use it in baking, you can use it in moderate temperature cooking and some people do use it as a spread or topping but if you have issues with weight come away from that. The next one I want to talk about we did speak about shortening, how shortening got its name. Shortening is a very processed food. Shortening comes from the palm tree kernel, it comes from coconut oil, it comes from any number of different sorts of plants that are put together and then put through a process called hydrogenation that turns it into this spreadable fat. It brings nothing to the table, it brings no nutrition to the table. It's very high in calories, it will make you a flaky biscuit that then you'll put butter on and it's just like double on double fat but use it sparingly. It's not a healthy product for daily use. Canola oil, this is sometimes considered some people's workhorse in the kitchen. It can be used for sauteing, it has very little flavor at all. It can be used in baking for the same reason that it just has a very subtle flavor and doesn't add anything that detracts from what you're eating. It's low in saturated fat, it's relatively inexpensive and it has a fairly long shelf life. But it is a fat, again it is a fat.  So that's an extreme amount of use of canola, but some people go to extremes, we know, we've seen it. Sauteing, baking, even making salad dressings, you can use canola. Spressable oil is inexpensive and it has a long shelf life that is about the be in and end all of why it might be in your kitchen. It really is a very processed again product like shortening. It comes from a lot of different sort of plants to make vegetable oil and then it also goes through a hydrogenation process to keep it in a liquid form, but it does not have any nutritional value. It can also contain trans fats which is something that happens during hydrogenation which is very harmful for you and has been implicated in those other issues that we spoke about, obesity, heart disease, stroke risk, cancer risk. So when I was researching the only and I was looking at different chefs and what they were speaking about as far as different oils go, what they said about vegetable oil was you can use it to grease your baking pans and that's about it. That was all they had to say as far as it having a good use in your kitchen. My workhouse, my workhorse in the kitchen is olive oil. You do not have to buy extra virgin olive oil. Extra virgin olive oil like I said is the first pressing and it to me is the most flavorful and because I like to make salad dressings and I like to have things that have that olive flavor to them. I usually get extra virgin olive oil. It has a low smoke point, smoke point, which is the point at which the oil will start to burn and completely change in composition on top of your stove when heat is added. So for sauteing you need to be very aware of that if extra virgin olive oil is the one you go to. Also on the shelf is just plain olive oil which has a higher smoke point. So if you are cooking a lot at the stove with olive oil you might want to consider just getting olive oil in general and maybe using that for your salad dressings as well. It will not have the incredible punch of an extra virgin but it will still be very tasty and it will also be able to go at a higher heat on top of the stove without setting off your fire on. The other oils that I have here are kind of we talked about coconut oil. I wouldn't use it for cooking. I wouldn't use it on a regular basis. It has a very pronounced coconut flavor. It's something that you might want to consider checking in with your health professional before it becomes a major part of your diet. The rulings are out as to whether it's very healthy for you or not. Some people claim it's the greatest thing ever. Other people not so much. Sesame oil is a very flavorful oil. It can be used for dressings. It can be used on the stove top. It definitely has a lower smoke point so it can begin to fill up your kitchen with smoke if you have it on too high heat. And then the avocado oil. Just remember these are for topping dishes with these specialty oils. You wouldn't be able to necessarily afford to cook with avocado oil and it also would give that distinct flavor but it is a healthy oil and maybe if just if you eat a lot of salads in the summertime you might want to have this just to dress your salad. Very tasty. I just want you to kind of take away from this little workshop on fats that there are distinct reasons to use one fat over the other. There are distinct reasons not to have a certain fat in your diet at all especially if you tend to be overweight or are trying to lose weight.  You shouldn't cut it out of your diet in extreme manner but try to get it in your diet through your food or your food items such as a more healthier oil to use on a regular basis. Anyway, thanks. We'll be seeing you in the kitchen.


Hi, my name's Rick Owen. I currently work for the CFA as an operation officer in state training. But today I'm here representing the fire smoke coalition and we're about to do some test burns after our theory session this morning. So we're going to use some detectors and burn some different household products and just see what the byproducts can bust in our. So Jason's got a range of just household products, things we get in a building. So there's some PVC pipe, carpet and foam headrest or foam cushion like would be on a sofa. And he's not actually going to burn them. We're just going to apply heat to them so that they start off-gassing or vaporizing and produce some products of combustion. So we won't see large amount of flame or smoke but it'll demonstrate with the use of each of the detectors, which everyone has, just how dangerous the off-products are. We've also got it set up in front of us is the air array on the tripod, which is a remote one and he's got a yellow one next to him and that actually data logs and sends wirelessly back to a computer in there. So everybody inside can be watching the results of what's going on now. Now ideally for us, if we'll use those that it has about we can get about three kilometers away and we can still get our information back to the incident control center. Well, they learned today was more the dangers of smoke and it's not the flame that gets us. It's the products of combustion either entering our skin or we're inhaling it or even the worst practice of not washing our hands and we're putting our hands in our mouth or eating to ingest in stuff. So it's probably about hygiene and just the off the products of combustion, which really are nasty to us. The importance of B.A. not just realizing that B.A. is for internal. They realize that it's external. It's good hygiene practice for just being out in the smoke. Hopefully we reinforce that we should be laundering our equipment or our PPC as the instruction says and it's basically says one where one wash. So we just got to start thinking about ourselves because it's not the won't knock us off today. It's going to get us in 20 years. The lower the temperature, the smoke isn't as buoyant and it hangs around.  If it's a really hot fire and it's vented and it's burst out through the roof, most of it goes away. But when it's caught inside a kitchen, an old nana or mum is in there being just, it's only a pot on the stove. We get very high levels of hydrogen cyanide, which isn't a good thing. So low temperature fires and low intensity are like a smoldering fires worse for us. The two, which are the nasty one we work together. We talk a lot about carbon monoxide and and hydrogen cyanide. But then you go through through things like acrolein, ammonia, phosgene, the isocyanates. You know, there's thousands of chemicals and we can never really monitor them that well because it's very hard to replicate the same fire because we air entrainment changes, fuel changes. We just can't make the same fire. And that's what's made it hard for research to for us to do a lot of research because we can't get that repeatable fires. My duty of care is to the occupant and the community first. So when I hand it back, I want to make sure it is safe and I've looked after them because otherwise we can put the fire out and then fail public and give them and put them into it. Yeah, it looks clean. Our eyes aren't a good indicator of how clean it is, but we could have nasty gases still floating around. So for me, there's probably two things we need to think about. We need to think about making sure before we take our BA off, we've made an informed decision using some sort of detection equipment and do that in fresh air, take it off in fresh air. And then think about our hygiene. Now, our hygiene should be two parts. One should be washing our equipment and one should be washing ourself. So that would involve, first up for me would be wash around the neck and where our interface of our BA and flush hood is and our hands because our hands are actually five times dirty than our neck because we've been working.  So we get rid of the absorption risk. So we're very good at looking after our equipment as because fire is generally quite clean people. But we just need to start focusing on ourselves that we're clean. So for 20 years, we haven't had a chronic long term exposure and we're not injured.  So we've had two days of theory and practice training and we've had approximately 200 people through it. Now, that's just not CFA people. We've had AV police, MFB, Aviation, Fire and Rescue, WorkSafe, EPA. So they've all learned about dangers of fire smoke and some of the products of combustion. Hopefully now we've started the ball rolling and that can be the catalyst and go back and change some culture within our organisation.


Everybody forced here ripping 2022 mosaic football choice 10 box number two. It's a random team style break You can always find the results at laden sports cards.com at any time. Thanks for joining everybody and best of luck Murphy auto-tune is working Yeah, well, we'll go through a lot I'll tell you that Yeah Silver Quinn and Williams versus in short notice silver Quinn Williams jets mosaic Zach Wilson Jets Got Eagles Ricky Otto Jordan Davis red and yellow red and yellow killer fellow I forget I know what a cross take it looks like though. There's one of my house once when I was a kid I'll air me tonsil Texan 71 out of 80 and Bailey's happy rookie there you go Pats 42 of 80 Whoa Ryan easy Thank you I'm gonna cross a little Sean and I're gonna eat now. I know man of all that dough. Whoo. Well all that dough happy Friday, Ryan Happy New Year, too. I don't think I've seen you since the New Year He cocked Alice Goddard birds Bryston's boy and Donnie's boy Ike Mokwonu rookie red and green at Panthers and a Sam Williams Cowboys So many sausage pizzas not When when he was talking for me one night we ordered China I think it was like personal weird Chinese Oh He had Alex do it. He's like I'm having Alex order. I'm like, okay. I'll get something Ricky silver bucks Cade on lots of grilled cheese mosaic Steelers TJ Watt babies Forever joke. You got that right look at this Look at this Sorry packer spot. You're gonna have to get this card replaced Auto missing an auto quay Walker. We'll send a box of this you Probably shouldn't have to send a box of this It's obvious what the issue is Fortunately not the first time and it honestly probably the last time Yeah, it probably just it probably came off after a little while the invisible ink My brother did that to me when I was when we were kids. Yeah, so I got some I Got so mad All right, red and yellow Jalen Hertz Eagles Eagles having a good break 34 of 80 Got Christian Watson rookie Packers 30 of 80 nice one there for Packers and a Ray Lewis Ravens 24 out of 80 Red and green rookies Jags Travon Walker and Bears to Kwan brisker dude, I was Oh God, I was so happy Ryan All us Bruins fans were just booing the crap out of John Henry at the at the classic It worked I'm proud. I'm proud. That's what I'm most proud of I'm proud that I was part of everybody booing John Henry I'm Josek Marvin Jones Jr. Jags and as soon as I land I turn my phone when I land to get back Wednesday night I turn my phone on so that first thing I see I like got way too excited on this plane. This is very quiet plane Great cave on the window rookie auto giants. I got really excited like I was like, oh my god, what? What's going on?  It looked real bleak for like a like as soon as they let Xander go They look bleak Davis Mills 41 of 80 Texans. How we long Raiders 67 of 80 Peacock Herschel Walker Cowboys Peacock Snoop Connor red and green Jags and Devonte Wyatt Packers rookie red and green Yeah, yeah, we got a stick together Jamie got a stick together You fit do you think they're actually gonna sell Liverpool I Know I know they're for sale, but they think they're actually gonna sell any time in the near future. I Watched from your league, but I'm not like super tuned in a Premier League. That's silver Aaron Donald Rams Mosaic rookie Johan Dotson commanders rookie auto Cardinals Keonté Ingram That was some running Who's run back there? Yeah, they are full tonight Ryan. I'm here tomorrow night though doing personals rookie red and yellow Garrett Wilson jets 25 of 80 Someone's got a couple cases of bonewood chrome hobby. I got a rip Darius 117 of 80 Colts Jamal Adams 62 of 80 Seahawks Red and green rookie Titans of St. Haskins and Texas Jalen Petrie Well, I mean they're for sure they're for sure gonna get that that NBA expansion Like I feel like they're they're in Because LeBron is gonna lead that charge for sure for FSG to get that a Vegas NBA expansion and like that's Like you might have like that He might not have the most money invested But that's a hell of a face to have it for someone that wants to buy an NBA franchise the expansion in Vegas That's a hell of a name rookie silver Titans trail on Berks and was egg Michael Thomas Saints. How you gonna deny? Right, I mean, how are you gonna do that? King James Rookie Auto Crystal Lave nice hit Saints. You go Saints. I don't know what will happen Jamie I'll be what like I said, I've been this like the first full season. I've like paid attention for fear league So it's wild to see how managers and like owners get treated over there But it's refreshing is like a fantasy like y'all don't put up with that crap No, no the Vegas NBA expansion 63 of 80 Peyton Manning Colts Justin Jefferson Vikings 2 of 80 Cadarius Tony Giants 47 of 80 Red and green rookie Vikings James Cook and Brock Purdy Niners red and green party Let's see a nebula Yeah, it probably is Vegas in Seattle I think Vegas is like the first one because I think that's the most desirable for like an ownership group But you know the songs to be super popular. They return there with a new arena That's the sports town man They need a successful team like they were they turned out for the Seahawks a lot rookie silver Calvin Austin the third Steelers Ricky mosaic Cardinals Cameron Thomas. It's good to see that they have a hockey team now too Troy Anderson rookie auto for the Falcons. Did you guys see the next winner classics in Seattle? That team old park really ought to be cool Even though it's like newer teams. I think that's gonna be cool. Oh a nice red and yellow my homes. There we go chiefs Lovely color matches on this one 51 out of 80. Oh, yeah, I'm your man. You fan Yeah, man. You fans do not want the glazers anymore Kyle you check red and yellow 49 of 80 for the Niners Peacock Quinten Nelson Colts Garrett Wilson rookie red and green for the Jets nice one there and as a mere white Raiders Yep, exactly Vaughn. It's it's it's perfect. It makes it makes so much sense It's like anything Texas and West or like okc and West goes West conference and then Yeah, Memphis in New Orleans and the East would be good That would also take two of the premier teams out of the West and kind of like balance out I think a little more silver Mac Jones for the Pats mosaic Jason Taylor Dolphins Rookie auto Devonte Wyatt for the Packers red and yellow Isaac Bruce Rams number 26 of 80 Xavier McKinney Giants 52 of 80 John mentioned the third rookie Texans 41 of 80 Red and green rookies the Kobe Dean Eagles Jerome Ford Browns They guys personals are full group breaks are full today before for a couple hours now Kenzie's live at 10 a.m. No, we got Saturday daytime group breaks. You heard that right Saturday daytime group breaks So there's your schedule link for you Let's see what Kenzie's got going on tomorrow 10 a.m. Man. That's a good start for the first Saturday Start your Saturday off right NFL Saturday, too. Not to mention Silver Antonio Gibson commanders mosaic Tom Brady bucks There he is got some F1 got some Super Jumbo some other mosaic football Five-star those might be full. Yeah, it's good stuff tomorrow guys redemption a Kenneth Walker the third Seahawks rookie autograph mosaic choice fusion red and yellow this that is the like the base Choice on there you go Seahawks nice hit red and yellow Daniel Jones Giants Daniel Jones Giants 30 of 80 Titans rookie trail on Berks nice 36 of 80. He's been doing well lately, too Even with their messed up QB situation Marvin Jones Jr. Jags 52 of 80 red and green rookies Titans Roger McCreary and Danny Gray Niners we got silver Colts to force Buckner Mosaic commanders Antonio Gibson Guy rookie auto mantra will it won't mantra Washington excuse me for the Broncos Choice red and yellows Taysum Hill Saints 21 of 80 Brian Robinson Jr. Commanders rookie 36 of 80 Peacock rookie Josh Pascal Lyons How is that happening illegal? Guy red and green rookie Christian Watson for the Packers and a Tyler Algier Falcons That's a big oof the Hornets the Hornets for meeting the Bucks By 25 how though Hornets man, I wouldn't even trade the magic roster for the Hornets roster silver Taysum Hill Saints mosaic Miles Garrett Browns Red choice rookie auto Kyler Gordon Bears Go Bears Red and yellow Kirk Cousins Vikings Oh Nice one there 29 of 80 on that one in a black and a gold germane Johnson rookie jets three of eight Nice rookie jets. He's had a pretty good year, right? Titans is on Haskins red and yellow rookie 72 of 80 red and greens a lot of Taylor rookie Saints Derike young rookie Seahawks, and that'll do it not gonna recap guys a little behind. That's a quick break We're on to a tiered full case of choice


Dear students, in this model, I will continue building on BLAST. So as you would remember, BLAST is an online search tool to compare nucleotide or amino acid sequences from databases. So to start with, the Smith-Waterman or even the Needleman Munch can help you to compare and align sequences. But given that there are so many sequences that you need to compare and align, it is a very slow process. So BLAST helps you to do it in a fast and brisk manner. The way it shortens its runtime is by making approximate matches. So by making approximate matches, it is creating a compromise between the accuracy and the search time. So the accuracy actually drops while the runtime becomes faster. So essentially BLAST provides for an approximate sequence matching and scoring. More so, to start with using BLAST, the input to the BLAST algorithm that is available online comprises of faster sequences or protein or nucleotide IDs. So once you input this information in these formats, then you can run the BLAST provided you have specified the search parameters. So once you have completed the search using BLAST, the output from the software can be in multiple formats. It can be either in plain text or HTML or XML. So for a better visualization, BLAST also provides a tabulated search result in which you can click on various results and the alignments to see the results and their quality. So to start with the input to BLAST comprises of gene IDs. That is if you are interested in searching the nucleotide sequences, you can simply go to gene bank that is available here. You can select nucleotide and then you can also select protein IDs for the protein BLAST. If you remember there are multiple types of BLAST, the nucleotide BLAST, the protein BLAST and several others. So this is the protein BLAST. So you just need the protein IDs. Where do you get these protein IDs? You simply go to Uniprot and you search for various proteomes and get the protein IDs. So once you input the gene or protein ID or the gene or protein sequence, then you can BLAST it against the database of your choice and receive the search. The results will look like this as shown here. So you can have your query sequence listed in red and you can have the matching proteins or nucleotides that are here presented like that. Of course the tabulated scores are also provided along with their E-values that is the statistical evaluation and this can be a long list depending on the number of matches that have been made. So in conclusion, the purpose of BLAST is to compare these biological sequences that you have in a very brisk way. Remember that not all nucleotide or protein sequences are known to us. So if you sequence a gene or a protein from your wet lab experiment, then you can bring that sequence into the BLAST software and find out which other already reported genes or proteins have similar sequences. So this can be very useful in evaluating information like evolutionary origin as well as the function of the protein or gene. So the inputs and outputs as I just mentioned are simply gene IDs or protein IDs or the sequences and the output is in the form of tabulated HTML or XML formats. More so, we would like to know how the BLAST software works because it is important to know why your results have a score like that.


you know, if you fix x, if you put x equal to 0, you will get a equation of S A j m or not. So, let us talk about that as well. At a particular x, at a particular x equal to x naught, let us say, the equation will become what? a sin k x naught minus omega t plus phi. So, I can write it like this, a sin minus omega t plus theta or I can write it as minus of a sin omega t minus theta. Theta is what? Theta is my k x naught plus phi. So, this looks like an equation of S A j m, right? So, wherever you go at whatever x, you find that all the particles are performing S A j m. Now, tell me how will I find the velocity of the particle? I have found out the velocity of wave till now, okay? Velocity of wave is omega by k. This is what we have derived till now and we have found out that all particles, they perform a sin j m along y axis, okay? Now, tell me how will I find velocity of particle? V p, how will I get that? For velocity of particle at a particular x, I am asking. So, if I differentiate y, will I get velocity of particle? Is dy by dt velocity of particle or not? Right? Particle is moving along y axis. So, dy by dt keeping x constant because particles velocity you will find at a particular x. This will be A minus of A omega cos of k x minus omega t velocity of particle as expected at a particular x, the velocity of particle is having the equation of the S H m. You can see that this you can write down as omega under root of A square minus A square sin square k x minus omega t plus phi and this can be written as omega under root A square minus y square. So, this is the velocity of particle which looks exactly like the S H m equation, okay? And there is a mean position at y equal to 0. For which particle? For all the particles. Now, just to tell you some relation because it is not systematic. So, it comes in bits and pieces that, okay, this is this. So, do you know this? Now, this. So, there is no correcting story as such. So, that is why I have to move like that. So, can you tell me what is the slope of the shape of the wave? So, this is a wave, okay? So, suppose at x comma t, I am trying to find out what is the slope of the wave. Are you getting? So, basically dy by dx at a particular time is how much? This is equal to what? Slope. Slope of the shape of the wave at a particular x and t. Some of these things are not in your answer on t. Anybody got it? a k cos of k x minus omega t plus phi, okay? So, if I multiply and divide the slope and the velocity of particle is minus of k omega cos of k x minus omega t plus phi. So, looking at these two equations, what comes in your mind? These two equations, what comes in your mind? Divide it, get rid of sin, sorry, cos, this, these two gone. So, velocity of particle divided by the slope is equal to minus omega by k. What is omega by k? Velocity of wave. So, velocity of particle is minus of velocity of wave into the slope at that location. Slope of the wave at that location. This relation you can use probably for graphical questions. So, at a particular location and at a particular time, if you have the shape of the wave, find out the slope of that wave at that location, multiply that slope with the velocity of wave, you will get the magnitude of velocity of the particle. I am coming to that. There is some significance of k and omega that we are going to discuss next. But right now, there are so many things, one by one we are discussing. So, we have discussed velocity of wave. We have discussed that all particles perform SHM. Velocity of particle is dy by dt and there is a relation between velocity of particle and velocity of wave. Now, this is a wave. So, if we are studying a wave, there will be something like frequency of wave and the wavelength of the wave. Yes, a is the amplitude. You can see the wave here a comes. Write down wavelength, wavelength is represented by little lambda. The definition of wavelength, anyone? So, it is the distance between any two equivalent, difference in distance between any two points which have the same phase. Or distance between two crests or two troughs, like that you have studied. So, there are multiple crests and troughs. So, which one you will take? Adjacent one. So, please write down the shortest distance, the shortest distance between the two points in phase. The shortest distance between the two points in phase is the wavelength. What does it mean in phase? We have the exact same void. We have just discussed what is phase. This is the phase. Yes or no? This inside this is phase. Now, this phase repeats after what angle? There is a sign function, sign repeats after 2 pi. So, the phase will repeat after 2 pi. So, if two adjacent ones are some distance apart and they are in phase, there will be in terms of angle, they will be at a distance of 2 pi because after 2 pi phase repeats. So, phase repeats. Now, you can say that they are in phase. So, let us say the particle 1 is this a sin kx minus omega t plus phi after let us say wavelength lambda it comes out to be the same phase.  So, with the t is different. No, I have frozen the wave at a particular time I have taken a snapshot. You cannot deal with wavelength of a moving wave. By the time let us say this is a wave. So, when you are masing the descent into crests by the time you go from here to here wave should not move. You should measure the distance at a same instant. Yes or no? I am saying that after lambda same thing repeats. So, if at x equal to x this thing is happening at x equal to x plus lambda also same thing will happen because after lambda it is repeating lambda is a wavelength. So, instead of x I am putting x plus lambda getting it. So, this can be written as a sin of kx minus omega t plus phi plus k lambda got it. Now, k lambda should be equal to what? 2 pi right because these two things are same y 2 and y 1 if they have to be same k lambda should be equal to 2 pi because after 2 pi only sin will repeat itself this thing is exactly same as that this thing is extra adding up if you add a minimum 2 pi here same y 1 will come out. So, that is the reason why k lambda should be equal to 2 pi and from here we are going to get lambda as 2 pi by k write down y 2 is what is y 2? See y 1 and y 2 are the two points on the wave have the same phase. So, this is let us say y 1 and this one is y 2 y 1 and y 2 all right. So, we have derived the wavelength to be 2 pi by k k is also called wave number write down time period what is the time period? Time period to come back to the same phase correct. Please write down time period is the minimum time, time period is a minimum time taken by a particle it is a minimum time taken by a particle to come back to the same phase. Now, can you derive how much will be the time period? It is the derivation exactly same as 2 pi by omega. So, let us say after time capital T it will come out to be in the same phase. So, a sin k x minus omega t plus capital T plus phi this will come out to be a sin k x minus omega t plus phi minus omega capital T. So, omega capital T should be 2 pi. 2 pi for it to repeat. So, T will be equal to 2 pi by omega. So, frequency of the wave will be omega by 2 pi. So, these are some straight forward relations from the wave equation that we have assumed. You assume it is sinusoidal ok any doubts anything. So, there will be lot of numericals only on this equation that will be kinematics of wave. So, sinusoidal wave is any wave that repeats the pattern. Sinusoidal has a sine wave shape. So, if it has like sharp turns. That is not sinusoidal that you can say triangular wave. Sir can you have an accelerating wave? Accelerating here it can be possible. Velocity of the wave depends on the property of medium. If property of medium changes the wave accelerates. But at a particular location x the property of medium will be constant. So, velocity at that x will be fixed ok.


Hi, I'm Jeff Frick. We are on the ground at Cassandra Summit 2014 in lovely San Francisco at the Weston St. Francis. We're out here at the conference, the fifth year of Cassandra Summit, getting a feel for what's going on, grabbing people out of the hallways and getting an update. So I'm joined next by Clint Kelly from Webe Data. Hi, Jeff. Great to stop by. Thanks for letting us grab you. My pleasure. I want to talk a little bit about, before we got started, Webe Data, give us a quick update on the company. Yeah, sure. So we build a personalization platform on top of big data technologies like Cassandra and Hadoop. So we help companies in vertical markets, such as retail and finance and healthcare, provide personalized experiences for their customers. So we talked a little bit earlier with another guest about kind of the media side of where Cassandra plays there for streaming video and streaming audio, etc. You're talking about a specialty in retail. So I wonder if you could share some stories about, you know, what are retailers doing with this capability? Sure. So retailers typically will capture all of the data they have about customers in a database like Cassandra. With the customers we work with, we use Webe Data software, for example. They're capturing all of the users' clicks every time they add something to a product or a wish list or view something. All of that gets captured as time series data in Cassandra. Then they use Webe Data software to run some analytics over this data and use those analytics along with some real-time information that they have about customers to serve them personalized content. So what's different? I mean, online retailing has been going on for a long time, right? We know recommendation engines. I mean, it is kind of scary that after I'm shopping for some item, as soon as I'm navigating someplace else, it pops up in my Google ad. So what are some of the things they could do now that they couldn't do? And is this exclusively for the online shopping experience or we hear talk about it moving, you know, kind of onto the floor with sensors and other things that now can see how I actually look at the shelf the same way as how I navigate around a web page? Yeah. So those are great questions. So first, this is different from normal product recommendations. It's a much more powerful, flexible engine. So we go beyond just recommending products, like when you add something to your shopping cart, for example, to do things like personalized offers. If you're using a mobile device and you come into a store, we can send you special offers, for example, or point you to certain products that are on sale or that are close to your location. Based on all this information that the retailers captured about you and some analytics mixed in with real-time contexts, like where you are being in a physical store, for example, or how you've interacted with a mobile application recently. So talk a bit about the growth of the data inputs and the amount of different types of inputs that you can now draw from to drive that engine that you couldn't before with mobile devices and other kind of things. Maybe we're not thinking about that or out there as good sources of data. Yeah, good point. That's one of the great things about working on top of a database like Cassandra is it's so flexible and it's so big that we can pull in data from the ways that users interact with the brand on all kinds of different platforms. So I described earlier that users, you know, they click on a website or they view products on a website. We capture all of that. That's pretty standard. But we can also do things like with some of the new technologies coming out recently, like iBeacon, for example, look at, keep track of what users are doing in physical stores. We could look at how users interact with brands through all kinds of different channels, even maybe wearables, for example, with Apple Watch coming out. That's right. And what about privacy? Right?  You know, I don't, I guess we know everything on the Internet. It's on the Internet and it's there for forever. But, you know, how are people dealing with kind of the privacy implications of really collecting this much data around particular individuals, you know, the market of one? Yes, good question. So one of the nice things about our solution at Webidata is that we offer an on-premise solution. So the retailers we're looking at are very conscious of security concerns. And so if they use our technology, they can build out this big data infrastructure all on-premise. So they don't have to ship their data off-site at all. Yeah. Well, it's scary. I mean, we just had the most useful one, right? The Home Depot, the Home Depot breach, which is all over the news. And it seems to happen pretty regularly. But hopefully you guys are working to keep that stuff on lock down. Yes, absolutely. All right. Well, thanks for stopping by. My pleasure. Again, I'm Jeff Rickward, Cassandra Summit 2014 in San Francisco at the lovely Western St. Francis.


Welcome into the Fan Duel. Hurry up. I am Sean Guasamac. Yeah, we are heading to Florida right from the West Coast to beautiful Florida for the Honda classic in the PGA this week And who better to break it all down than Jim Saunders from Fan Duel dot com Jim what a wonderful treat we had last week at the World Golf Championships in beautiful Mexico City Rory McElroy another top five finish He's not in it this weekend a lot of the top ten players are not playing this weekend But one that is is Brooks Kepka who you have as your top value pick at 12,000 this week Yeah And there's definitely a lot of risk around Brooks Kepka because as most of you probably know Brooks Kepka has like this thing where he doesn't always try all that hard in non majors who can blame him because it's a long Grinding season and this is a non major the players coming up a couple weeks away from now So there is a scenario in which Brooks Kepka does not care about how he does this event So you're trying to risk a verse maybe you pay for Tommy Fleetwood instead this upper tier But I do still like Brooks Kepka despite those concerns He finished second here last year and you look at his recent finishes ever since that knee injury He had over the fall they haven't been that great But one of the bad finishes for Brooks was at the Genesis and there he gained 1.7 strokes off the tee he gained three on approach So he played really well there Just had a bad short game that week leading to a 43rd place finish That is an addition to fishing finishing 17th at the Saudi International against some tough competition there So it's not as if Brooks has been abysmal since coming back and I also think that there is some thought to the potential narrative where Brooks wants to get ramped up for the players coming off of that injury and Wants to get back into form and there is no better place to do so than right here at the Honda Classic So I think you can talk yourself into Brooks Kepka Potentially trying this event That's why I like it because he is eighth and strokes me off the tee in this field over the past 50 rounds according to fantasy National he is eighth in the approach. He is a good Bermuda putter So anecdotal or statistically there are a lot of reasons to like Brooks Kepka And if he is locked in he is easily the number one golfer in this field That is why I'm gonna go here But if you are averse to the Brooks not caring narrative, I think that it makes sense to pivot away So Brooks is my top guy this week That is partially because I am okay with the risk associated with him because I do want that upside But there is definitely some ambiguity at the top end of this field But for me will be Brooks Kepka as my number one guy and you mentioned it Jim He finished runner-up last year at this course and at this event at the Honda Classic That is Brooks Kepka is your number one play someone who hasn't played this course since 2015 former world number one Justin Rose hasn't played great this year as you know Jim But he's second on your list 11,400 Justin Rose what do you like about his game this week here at the Honda Classic? Yeah, Sean. It's not just bad finishes this year for Justin Rose But he's also lost strokes and approaching each of his past two events and that's definitely a concern But it's hard to tell whether those two events should erase what he did before that stretch Let's look at the event he played just before those two bad events in the PGA tour That was at the Singapore Open in there Rose finished second then turned around flew to the Genesis and Here at the farmers insurance open he missed the cut there long travel makes a lot of sense that he wouldn't do well Struggle the next time out. So, you know, it kind of led to a bad of bad string events there for Justin Rose But at the end of the Singapore Open that was his 18th consecutive made cut It was his fourth top five and his sixth top ten in those 18 events So he's shown a lot of upside there a lot of consistency a lot of made cuts So when I look at Justin Rose to me kind of stands out as being a golfer who is just good Relative to this field trying to target good golfers out to the field has paid off the past two weeks with guys like Patrick Reed and guys like Adam Scott as well So I want to take a similar approach this week with Justin Rhodes Yes, the current form is concerning but that Singapore Open was in 2020 was after the new year That's good and the longer term form for Justin Rose is really really encouraging So we're getting him at a bit of a salary discount at eleven thousand four hundred dollars and a weird feel It doesn't have a ton of top-end guys I'm going to take some risks Justin Rose is definitely a risk given how bad the approach play has been the past two events But I think there is reason to still buy in despite that You can jump down to a little bit of lower tier guys like some J.M. Bianca on we got Daniel Burger down there, too I will not faulty for doing that, but I do think that Justin Rose is at least worth mentioning here at eleven four He's got good long-term form. We know he's a very good golfer great approach play on the longer term So I'm inclined to buy the Justin Rose at eleven thousand four hundred dollars Despite some very legitimate concerns about what he has done recently All right, you mentioned to Jim Justin Rose a smart risk there at eleven four as you mentioned someone that you have at 9700 that Jason Koch rack who finished tied for fifty first to over par last week at the World Golf Championships not a lot of money here 9700 so it's there's some investment, but some value as well What is it about Koch racks game that and play for this weekend with not a lot of top-end golfers as you mentioned? That would be a nice play here at 9700. Yeah, whenever you decide to use Jason Koch rack Which is something I do probably more often than I should you have to acknowledge that the putting is going to be bad And that's just been accepted downside with Jason Koch rack But they're on Bermuda putting surface for this week and of the putting surfaces That is the least bad number for Jason Koch rack and I'm warning it that way intentionally It is not a good putting surface for him, but it is his least bad surface That's at least a positive for Jason Koch rack and that's encouraging because everything else He does is so good that when he's less bad as a putter He can really shine with his ball striking because he ranks seventh in this field in strokes He got the tee over the past 50 rounds per fantasy national He is also 28th and approach and 49th and scramming so the rest of his game is pretty good Especially relative to this field if we make the putting less of a concern That can benefit Koch rack quite a bit And he showed that he can handle these greens last year came home with a ninth place finish He's been struggling a bit recently. So there is still some concern for Koch rack He mentioned the WGC mexico. He had a couple of missed cuts before that as well but Hopefully a return to Bermuda greens can pay off for him and he can lean on that good ball striking and finally shine here I don't like the 9000 range all that much at all But I do think that Koch rack is a guy who does stand out Given that his biggest weaknesses will be less of a concern this weekend than they usually are So if Jason Koch rack could get his putting under control seems like a good value play right there at 9700 Someone in the 9000s that you have listed just below him. That's kevin strelman at 9400 Talk to me about kevin strelman and honda classic and how his game might play this weekend And maybe we could get some great value here at 9400 with strelman in the interest of full transparency I hate this entire tier this tier is terrible There are not a lot of golfers in this range who are all that enticing But hey, we got to stick to the format recommend someone who is in the low 9000 range And I guess that kevin strelman is a guy who stands out most there in that group But in all honesty if I can avoid this tier I am going to try to do so now the reason I gravitate towards strelman If I'm in this tier is that he's kind of like Koch rack where the ball striking is really good If I'm going to be in this tier I want someone who has major strengths and for strelman that is in his approach play He is ninth in approach to past 50 rounds. He is 32nd in strokes getting off the tee So the ball striking will be good. That means that strelman will give himself himself opportunities for some birdies There are going to be imperfections with everybody in this range And we can point out all those imperfections as well with strelman like Koch rack It will be a short game that is a major concern. So for cash games I would like to avoid strelman I'd like to avoid this entire tier if possible jump down to some cheaper guys Take some more risks down there. So maybe it's more of a tournament based week this week Just because of the way things shake out, but strelman does Strike the ball very well. That's encouraging for me if I do wind up in this tier So it's a pretty blank tier overall But if I am here, I do think that kevin strelman is pretty easily my favorite guy in the mid 9000 range All right, jim. So let's get away from the 9000 range there with kevin strelman And let's go a little bit lower and that's brian harmon you have listed 8800 is this a range that you like for harmon A little bit of a long shot. I would gather but for 8800 is that the what you're looking at here Do you like this tier better than the 9000 tier? I like this tier better than the 9000 tier because of brian harmon He has 8800 dollars and we know that brian harmon is not going to win this event But he's 8800 dollars and you don't really need a guy to win an event when he's that cheap The thing that I love about brian harmon is that he is super well-rounded statistically I have four key stats. I'm looking at for this weekend stroking out the tee stroking approach scrambling and putting on bermuda And brian harmon is top 30 in this field in all four of those stats There is not a single other golfer in the entire field regardless of salary who checks all four boxes So brian harmon well-rounded overall, but especially well-rounded for a guy who has 8800 dollars He has made 11 of his past 12 cuts. He has five top 20s in that span And I know I'm not going to get a huge outing here like expecting a top 10 out of brian harmon is asking too much But if you can get this guy through the cut and get four rounds out of him And then get the high-end outings out of your other guys in your lineup You're still going to have a pretty good weekend for pga dfs So I know the upside is limited to brian harmon, but the floor is very good And just by making the cuts he is giving himself additional upside relative to guys in this range So brian harmon may not be the most exciting play, but he has a very well-rounded play And I think his cut odds are very good And he's someone I want to build around this week brian harmon could very well be the player I use most often while multi-entering for tournaments. So despite the lack of upside I have a lot of faith in him and he makes me like this range a whole heck of a lot more than I like the range Right above this harmon at 8800 dollars, but someone right below is sam burns at 8500 dollars And he's coming off a performance tied for 23rd at the genesis open four under there He missed the cut at the phoenix open, but seems like a great play this weekend sam burns Yeah, absolutely You mentioned that the waste management phoenix open where he did miss the cut and that is definitely a negative But what I like about birds is that his approach play has been really good recently Even though the longer term form for burns there is not very good He's actually a hundred and second in approach the past 50 rounds and that's bad even for a guy who's 8500 dollars But it's been a lot better recently over the past four events Burns has gained at least 1.6 strokes in approach each time and that does include the waste management phoenix open there He actually gained 3.9 strokes in approach But he still missed the cut because his short game was pretty bad there and that's definitely a negative He also gained 2.7 strokes in approach at the american express So overall the approach play has been getting better if you look at burns over a 50 round sample approach has been His biggest weakness. He is actually 16th and strokes came off the tee He is also fifth in bermuda putting so if he could improve that approach play He would suddenly shape up as being a really good option for dfs And we have seen that approach play get better over the past four events So I think we could see a change here in sam burns.  So it makes sense. We could see some improvement from sam burns We had seen that recently and it's in his biggest weakness Which had been his approach play if you get that approach play better His off the tee play can shine. He can putt lights out of bermuda that all adds up really well so Sam burns definitely a bit of a risk here just because We haven't seen the approach play be as good over a larger sample But I think there's reason to believe it's getting better and he has other strengths elsewhere too If you don't want to gamble as much with sam burns I do like tom hoagie as well at $84 in camera entering golly at $8300 Both those guys have better approach play over a larger sample But I do like what sam burns provides So got some options down here in the mid $8,000, which is why again I dislike that mid 9,000 range really good options here really good option with brian harman And it pushes me towards going a bit more top heavy in a lot of my lineups for this weekend That'll do it for jim sauce when we come back. It's davis maddock as we continue the fan duel hurry up jim. Thanks for the time Thank you. Sean. I appreciate it. Looking forward to what should be a fun event and uh, good luck with all your dfs You're betting this weekend. We will be right back right after this Welcome back to the fan duel hurry up. We are now joined by davis maddock of dailyroto.com for his best bets At the Honda classic on the pga tour davis. How you doing today? I'm doing great You know bryce and he came very close To winning the wgc mexico 3 putted on the uh the 17th grade So that wasn't the best but overall, you know a good golf tournament last week really looking forward To this week bryce and not in this field though as he finished runner up as you said on that bogey on 17 But someone who is justin rose former world's number one golfer but hasn't played well this year He's 20 to 1 to win this tournament. What do you like about those odds for justin this weekend? So when justin rose is uh healthy when he is comfortable with his playing environment and everything He really is the best along iron player in the world You know, I would say he's probably even better than rory even better than dj and uh, you know right now He's uh the 13th ranked golfer in the world But I I think he's a little bit better than that and and his recent form has started to turn around a little bit as Well, so I just think 20 to 1 in kind of a weaker field just seems a little bit low for justin rose Someone a little bit further down the list there as far as odds are concerned 55 to 1 that would be jt poston Finished in the genesis open tied for 30th a couple of weeks ago did not play In mexico city at the world golf championships. What about jts game this week that you like 55 to 1 So we have a really interesting golf tournament this week where brooks kepka and tommy fleetwood are kind of the co favorites and uh, you know They they really are not of the dominant tier of golfer of you know, dustin johnson rory mackle roy jesson thomas They're they're a little bit. They're a tier lower than that So what that means is I think there's a ton of value in the 40 to 80 to 1 range And poston is just one of those guys who has a game that fits pga national really good with his long irons You know has a a good short game is capable of making putts And you know a big part of this golf course is just avoiding trouble and poston has a game You know that really allows him to not be hitting a ton of water balls Let's go back a little bit to a 22 to 1 favorite billy herschel the florida native playing well I mean he's had two top 10 finishes The last two times out finished tied for ninth last week at the world golf championships in mexico city 22 to 1 seems like good value here Yeah, horschel is another one of those guys who is not viewed as one of the highest You know top tier golfers in the world and he isn't but when billy horschel gets a lot of good results it comes on the back of Amazing putting and while we don't think that that's a skill that he carries with him 100 percent of the time I do personally believe in kind of short term form for billy horschel And he is you know when when playing well He really does gain some of the most strokes putting per round of anyone that you're going to see and he does have You know good strokes gain to the green good You know strokes gain around the green numbers relative to this field So horschel I think is again a guy who has a pretty attractive price to me in this market Yeah, very attractive, especially with the way he is playing last two times out Should be very favorable at 22 to 1 two top 10 finishes at this course the last five years That's billy horschel. All right. That's 22 to 1. Let's move a little bit further down the odds 80 to 1 you have johnny vegas here Has only missed a cut at this course once in the last 10 years How about johnny vegas? So I think vegas is uh, just for sure my favorite play this week at 80 to 1 He's sixth on tour this year and strokes gained off the tee doesn't gain a ton of strokes elsewhere But you know as i've already mentioned I'm not betting anything at all on brooks capco or tommy fleawood So I I would like to be betting a ton of guys, you know kind of in between 80 Uh 100 like I just I want to bet a lot of deep guys at this tournament But vegas is a guy who has good results on tour this year You know had a a good result last week at the portery go up and I think he shot a 62 on sunday there So he can go really low and uh, you know He is also just capable of scoring on a course that is not going to provide a ton of scoring opportunities So really like johnny vegas this week at pga national and davis a longer shot you have here 130 to 1 Now that's a long shot here matt jones, but he has a previous top five finish at this course How about matt jones 130 to 1 can he pull pull it off here this weekend? So matt jones just kind of he's just kind of your your stereotypical pga tour grinder He's hung around a long time doesn't win very often but makes a lot of cuts You know is a good putter has a good short game and and and right now He's just kind of like you know, maybe jason co crack from last year Lucas glover from last year just a long time pga tour grinder Who's really hitting a good vein of form at a really opportune time for getting results So you know at 130 to 1 our friends over at data golf think he really is probably more like 100 to 1 kind of a bet so at 130 to 1 at the fan dual sports book We are going to go ahead and take that value seems like good value there davis How about rory sabatini 90 to 1 previous winner at this course for the south african Rory sabatini does he have a chance here? With these long odds to maybe crack the top five and and pull off the upset and win here at the honda classic So we'd feel a little bit better about sabatini had this bet taken place last year when he turned into a you know Long-term pga tour grinder who just hit this crazy vein of form and he was seemingly getting t10s every single week But you know, we do still we we think of things in terms of adjusted baselines over the last year Over last 50 rounds things like that. So sabatini. It's still just a guy who if you look at his baselines It's just a little bit underpriced at the numbers you can get him right now And uh, you know decent course fit, you know, he's not going to be swallowed up by the by all the water and the trouble That can be found on this golf course davis maddox best bets for the honda classic You can catch davis at roto daily roto dot com and for the record. He likes johnny vegas 80 to 1 as his best bet of this weekend Thanks a lot for the time davis. Thanks for having me guys and uh, you know, hopefully we come back with more winners next week Once again, thanks to davis maddox and jim solace for all the information This is shonkwa samakya for the fan duel hurry up. We'll see you next time


This is gonna be our last video for lecture three in our series here. And in this video, we're gonna introduce the notion of a piecewise function. So sometimes one single algebraic expression is insufficient to describe a function, maybe because the output needs, it needs to be computed differently at different locations in the domain. I mean, think for example, like federal taxes and income brackets and such, right? It turns out that there's a lot of different factors to determine how much one would pay in US income tax, federal income tax and things like that. And so it depends on how much money you make, right? And so it changes, the formula changes based upon your income in a given year. This is an example of a piecewise function where a piecewise function is a function that's broken into two or more pieces. When you're reading a piecewise function, like say f of x equals, you'll typically see first like this large brace, this curly brace that everything to the right of it will be part of the function. And so you'll be given, like everything to the right of the brace will be into two columns, right? You'll have some type of formula. So you'll have something like x squared plus x plus one. Then you might have something like two times three to the x plus five. And then you might have something like the square root of one minus x. You know, you'll have some functions provided to you. This is in the first column. So these are different formulas that will describe the same function f right here, but just at different parts. In the second column, where they're gonna specify the domains of those pieces. So if we say something like when x is greater than five, this is the domain for this piece right here when x is greater than five. We might say something like, well, when x is between one and less than equal to four, that determined you'll use this segment. And then we might say something like otherwise for everything else. That's a good way of doing it. Or maybe we wanna be more specific and we say something like, okay, when x is less than or equal to one, we get the following, right? And so we then specify the domain here. And notice that things could be missing from the domain, right? I never actually told you what happens between four and five on this function. That's outside the domain. You can do that with a piecewise function. You have to be explicit on what the domain is. Implication doesn't work very well. Inference doesn't work very well unless you do have a statement that says otherwise at the bottom. Now, because of the nature of a piecewise function, you have all these very different function pieces put together, the term that comes into play here is the idea of a continuous function. We say that a function is continuous. It has no gaps or holes in its graph. Because what we will see very shortly is it's very easy for a piecewise function to have gaps and holes in it. If we don't stitch it together very carefully, I like to think of piecewise functions as the Frankenstein of functions because we'll take the spleen of one function and stitch it to the intestines of another function and we'll take the left pinky toe of another function. We stitch it all together and make this monster of a function. Let's look at a few examples of this. So our first one here, f of x here is given as a piecewise function has two pieces. The first piece will be x plus one exactly when x doesn't equal one. So when x doesn't equal one, we define the function to be x plus one. But then when x does equal one, we define the function to be three. And so we can see a picture of the graph over here of the function f. Now, if you're looking at the graph, y equals x plus one, this should look like just a linear function. It's slope is one, it's y intercept one. It should look like what you see here in yellow, perfectly fine. But for whatever reason, we've redefined what the function does at one. When x equals one, the y-coordinate is a three and you see that point right here. Again, for whatever reason, x equals one was moved so that the y-coordinate was three. On the other hand, if you actually plugged in x equals one into this expression here, y equals one plus one, you would kind of expect the function to be two, right? When you look at here, there's like this hole on the screen there. You kind of expect the point one comma two to be a point on the graph, but for some reason we redefined it to be something else. There could be a good reason for that, but we don't have a verbal description to tell us what context would justify this. But for whatever reason, someone's removed the point. And as such, this function is discontinuous at x equals one. So this function is discontinuous because it's not continuous. It's discontinuous at x equals one because there's a hole. There's a hole there at x equals one. Let's see. And then that defines our function for us here, right? I could say some other things. This graph, of course, is increasing. It's increasing, making some connections to things we talked before. It's increasing on the interval negative infinity to one, union one to infinity. The problem is at that discontinuity, we really can't say it increased or not because it kind of jumped around there. So we could say some things about this function. Domain will be all real numbers because it's defined for all real numbers, right? The domain of f is equal to all real numbers. There is no number that it's not defined at. It is defined at x equals one. It's just something different than what the picture might expect you to have. Let's look at another example. Like I said, these things are kind of freaks, Frankensteins of the math world here. Consider the function g of x, which is given by the following. g of x will look like the square root of x minus four when x is greater than or equal to four, and it'll behave like eight minus two x when x is less than four. And so we can see what's happening here. When x is greater than or equal to four, it'll look like the function, the square root of x minus four, which looks like this blue portion highlighted right now. Why that's what the graph looks like is something we'll talk about a little bit more, but basically it's the standard square root function that has been shifted to the right by four units. Then when you're less than four, this graph will look like eight minus two x. This is a line, which has a slope of negative two, one or seven, eight. It's x intercepted before, and it looks like this portion right here. And so some things we can mention is that this graph is in fact continuous. It's continuous because there's no gaps or rips or breaks in the graph whatsoever. You notice that as it's switched from one part to another, it's connected, and that's what we mean by continuous. Continuous is to suggest that we could draw this picture with one continuous stroke of our pen without ever having to pick it up to draw the picture. That's what a continuous graph is. It's domain, of course, is gonna be all real numbers. This thing is defined for all real numbers, no exceptions to that. It is, let's see, it's increasing on the interval four to infinity and it's decreasing. It's decreasing on the interval from negative infinity to four. We can say that the graph is concave upward never, right? It is concave downward on the interval four to infinity, and it's also straight on the interval negative infinity to four, because it's just a line in that context. And I want you to be aware of that function evaluation here.  Like you put nickels and dimes. It'll automatically sort these things into different categories. If you want to do, for example, g of zero, well, zero is less than four, so use the second part right here. You're gonna get eight minus two times zero, you get eight as the wide intercept. Which if we continue on this trajectory, that's what you're gonna get there. If you wanted to do g of one as another example, again, one is in the category less than four, so you're gonna get eight minus two times one, which is equal to six this time. If you wanted to do g of, say, oh, it's another one, eight, right, g of eight. Now this time g of eight is greater than or equal to four, so we're gonna use the other compartment. We're gonna get the square root of eight minus four, which is the square root of four, which is two. So the evaluation depends on which interval are you in when you're looking at this thing, all right? And let's do one more example of these piecewise functions. This one's sort of an interesting creature. We have three different pieces here. When the function, when x is less than one, we will look like the line x plus one. When we're between one and three inclusive, it'll look like the parabola x squared minus three x plus four. And then finally, when x is greater than three, it'll look like the line five minus x. At this moment, don't be too worried about how to graph these things. This'll be things we will talk about in the future, although you might already be knowing how to do this. It's not like it's necessarily new information. But looking at the graph right here, right, what are some things we can say? Like if we take h of zero, h of zero would be in the compartment x less than one. So we're gonna take zero plus one and we get one. If you want to do, for example, h of one, well, where does h of one fall? Notice one is not less than one, one is equal to one. So you use the middle piece. You're gonna get one squared minus three times one plus four, which is going to give you one minus three is negative two plus four, which equals two. The evaluation right there. What if you wanna do h of two? Well, h of two is, again, two falls in this middle compartment. So you plug in two right there, two squared minus three times two plus four. We get four minus six plus four, which gives us two again. H of three, well, where is h of three? So notice one and three are kind of significant for this function, because these are the switching numbers. It switches behavior at one and it switches behavior at three. Who decides what happens at three? Well, that's because it's less than or equal to three. It'll look like the parabola again. Three squared minus three times three plus four.  And then lastly, if we did one more, like say h of four, for example, four is greater than three, so we use the line to determine what happens. We get five minus four, which is equal to one. We can do all those evaluations. And notice that when you take x equals five, one, two, three, four, five, let's see. Sorry, we're doing four. I meant to do one, two, three, four. You get the point right here of four comma one. We ended up doing h of three. We ended up with this point right here, three comma four. This point right here, where it switched between the line and the parabola, this would be one comma two. We did that one. We did two comma two, which is this point right here. We also end up doing the y-intercept, zero comma one. And we could do much more if we wanted to. Be aware that graphing a function is essentially just plotting a lot of points. It's about doing a whole lot of evaluation and playing connect the dots. Believe it or not, that skill we learned in kindergarten is college level mathematics. This is college algebra, after all. Connecting the dots is how we essentially graph functions. We just get a lot of points and we connect the dots here. This function, of course, is not continuous. We do have this discontinuity right here. There's a discontinuity. It's discontinuous. I feel like there should be another letter in there. I don't know, I'll probably embarrass myself. What you do here is whenever you don't have to spell something, just abbreviate it. And then no one knows the wiser, right? It's discontinuous at the value x equals two. Because you'll notice there's this break, this jump that happened in the graph. The function at three is defined to be four, but part of it wants to look like two right here, right? Y equals two. That comes from this piece right here. If you plug in x equals two there, sorry, x equals three, you end up with five minus three, which is two. So the function is discontinuous. It's increasing from negative infinity to one. It's then decreasing until this value, wherever that is, they'll start increasing again and it starts decreasing. We can do all those analyses for piecewise functions. It's just sometimes you need a more exotic function like this. And if you're careful, you can actually piece it together to make it continuous. But oftentimes if you just throw random functions on the screen to make a piecewise function, it looks like this Frankenstein freak and it'll be a discontinuous mess. And so that brings us to the end of lecture three. We'll talk some more about functions, of course, in our next lecture, so take a look at the link that you should hopefully see on the screen right now. If you learned something, by all means, hit the like button. If you'd like to learn more about mathematics in the future, subscribe to get updates about future videos. And as always, if you have any questions whatsoever about the mathematics, if anything was unclear, if you just want to get deeper and deeper into the material, ask your questions and post them in the comments below. I'd be happy to answer them. And until then, I'll see you next time. Bye everyone.


Hey guys welcome back to our channel. My name is Andrea with Food and Mentory Adventures in Food and I am here today with a quick Aldi fill-in haul. I spent about 87 dollars in some change. You won't see a lot of produce this haul because it really looked terrible. I've never seen Aldi produce look so bad. But anyway I found some new stuff so let me jump right in. So I did grab some of their peppers. A couple of the bags were kind of molded and old looking. These were the best of the bunch so I grabbed them just to have for different meals. I grabbed some of these pork dumplings. I've never seen these before. These were in the refrigerated section. They also had beef flavor and the beef flavor was made with tofu. I didn't want that so I grabbed these pork dumplings with gochujang sauce which is a spicy Korean sauce. I grabbed some spicy Italian dry salami. I've really been into dry salami lately. Crackers and cheese and dry salami with a good snack. I also grabbed this. I have never seen this before. Hot ham trio. So you might not be able to see it on camera but you can see that the ham has a little bit of a red tint to it and I've never had hot ham and it sounded really good to me. There's also some provolone in there and then there's also some salami right under there as well. So I wanted to give that a try. I grabbed some cheddar brats for Howard. Usually I get the Johnsonville. I've never tried the Parkview so I grabbed these for him and then I also grabbed just some uncured beef franks. I don't think I've ever bought them before either but I've been craving hot dogs. Grab some uncured ham just to have to snack on and I also need some for a recipe as well. They had their seasonal chocolate out. I haven't seen this before but this is Swiss milk chocolate with waffle cones in it and then they had this apple pie with apple pie I guess filling and then they had another one that I didn't get which was dark chocolate peach cobbler. So I didn't grab that because we're really not that big into dark chocolate so I didn't grab it. Grab some button mushrooms and this was new to me too. I've never seen their butter before so they had two different flavors of seasoned butter. I grabbed both so this is garlic parmesan. It's a three ounce package and then I grabbed this one lemon herb and they both sound really good to me. I am a sucker for all the Asian sauces and so I am trying out this sweet and savory sriracha teriyaki wok sauce and the sesame teriyaki. They both sound delicious to me. Got a couple of different cheeses for my husband. He likes to snack on them so I got him smoked gouda and then a double smoked cheddar. I really like this spreadable extra well not extra sharp but sharp cheddar cheese. I love to eat with crackers and lunch meat and then I got this for Harrison. I've not seen this before either but these are little mini bars like mini cereal bars. They had strawberry and they also had apple Harrison and that is my toddler. He really likes these fiber bars too and at one point they were really hard to find so I just buy them three at a time now just to make sure that we have them. I grabbed some popcorn sea salt popcorn and then I grabbed some of these pringles for my son as well and then these are a new item. I think they're just like a seasonal type thing but this shrimp trio you get five shrimp flutes which are right here you get filo or filo wrapped shrimp right here and then these are shrimp bites and they sound they're pretty tasty and then the last thing I grabbed was their jasmine rice. They've actually changed I feel like they've changed the packaging for this rice. It's not as sturdy as it used to be but needed some and we use a lot of jasmine. So this is everything that I picked up on my quick all the fillin haul. I hope you all enjoyed it. If you did please make sure to give us a thumbs up and if you haven't subscribed to our channel we'd love to have you. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you all next time.


It's a very special honor and pleasure for me to join you today at this first graduation ceremony of this extraordinary institution, the Nigerian University of Technology and Management, NUTM, the fulfillment of the dream of the place of transformative innovation in higher education. And perhaps more importantly, to witness the graduation of the first cohort of the NUTM Scholars Program. Congratulations to you all, the Class of 2021. I am privileged to have been a part of the NUTM dream from its inception, a best-in-class hub for learning and research to train the next generation of leaders in technology and management in Africa with a vision to be ranked among the top 50 global institutions focused on technology and management by the year 2030. This is an aggressive target but an important one because of the 100 most innovative universities compiled by Reuters and these are institutions that file more than 70 or more patents for the world's intellectual property organization. Within the first five years of the period of study, there are no universities in that top 100 located either in Africa, in South America or Oceania. This is a notorious deficiency but this deficiency is first a function of the lack of private or public sector results to build those sorts of institutions and only second is the issue of resources to create such institutions. But, thankfully, we have now found such a convergence. The founders of the NUTM themselves educated in the best universities in the world and well-established successes in the private public and civic sector have come together to do the heavy lifting of establishing a world-class institution of technology and management. This initiative is crucial because the most significant problems of this generation, especially in Africa, will require innovation in science, in technology, in the management sciences, especially entrepreneurship and innovative leadership if we are to stand a chance of resolving those problems. And I think sitting before us today, the graduates of the NUTM Scholars Program, we might just be beholding the men and women with the answers to some of the world's most significant challenges. And there are many challenges ahead. We need to invent and produce cutting-edge AI applications for education, for business, for medicine, for security. We need to design the educational innovation required to train millions of children in and out of classrooms all across the country and in our continent and provide the techniques for delivering opportunities in technology on scale. In agriculture, for example, we need to invent the advanced devices, precision agriculture methodologies, robotic systems that will guarantee the huge yield per acreage or volume in daily livestock to meet the food security needs of a country headed for the third position in global population size in a few short years. And we are waiting for the breakthrough and the treatment of peculiar African health challenges such as sickle cells, fibroids and cancers. There is very much to do and a very long way to go. But we know that groundbreaking innovation in technology or commerce will always be the product of the work of well-trained people, which is why the NUTM Scholarship Program was designed to offer leading-edge knowledge in technology, entrepreneurship and design, management perspectives in breakthrough leadership ideas, critical thinking and writing. The goal is to train and equip highly sophisticated crack technology innovation and management experts. And you are the first cut of that dream team.  But three things I'd like you to take away. The first is that every major innovative breakthrough in science and technology or in the social sciences was a product of patient collaborative work, sometimes across nations. There is no innovation yet. No one has yet discovered the way around hard work and the sometimes long task of creating real and rare value. Second, the reason why most people will never attain significance is because they are only interested in themselves and their personal successes. But to earn significance, one must do something bigger than oneself. A big idea, a massive game changer, would always and should always be your target. All of this training cannot be for personal success. It just doesn't make sense. There must be something bigger than yourself that is waiting for you to set your hands upon. Third is developing a mindset that you are as good as anyone who has ever developed a game changing idea. And this is crucial. The testimony of all of those who are involved in your training is that you are as good and even better than some of the best in the world that we've ever encountered. Problem solving innovators are after all men and women, not spirits. And this is important because the way not to achieve is to have the mindset that is incapable of seeing big things and seeing the success of doing big things. Let me quickly tell you a story. Years ago, I sat next to a former governor of a state in Nigeria on a flight back from Dubai. He was governor of a fairly wealthy state, the small state. As he sat there, he said to me, because he had been receiving medical treatment in Dubai, he said to me, look at this Dubai, fantastic. These people are great. The roads are too good. The hospital I went to was first class. Everything here works. This is a fantastic country. They even manage to grow grass and grow flowers in the desert. What kind of people are these? As I listened to him, it dawned on me that he didn't realize that he could make his own state even better than Dubai. That those who built Dubai are men and women, are not spirits. That we could build good roads, build better bridges, and that he could build state-of-the-art hospitals at school. And that all of these things are possible. The first obstacle is conquering the idea that it is somebody else other than myself or yourself that will solve the problem that we are confronted with. That is the first obstacle that we must deal with. You and I are equipped, more equipped than even the generations before us, to deal with the problems that confront us. But let me, just before I sit, reflect on just how you got here, how you got here today. We've heard that you had to go through a pandemic, working through a pandemic, mass on to be able to get to this point today where you are graduating. And let me say to you that that is a metaphor of life and the things to come. You're always going to have to work through challenges day by day, some tough, some global, such as the pandemic, some local, such as in your own country, and the various challenges that your country faces. But at the end of the day, if you set about your tasks in the way that you set about this, working daily, hard work, and with the confidence that you've approached this, you will win every time. Let me again commend the founders and management and the academics of the NUTM for the great work that has brought us this far. And remind us that the hard work of delivering on the high-soring vision of this institution will require all that we can give every single day. Congratulations again to the graduates and to the family and friends who are here today. Thank you very much for listening.


When it comes to the Sega Genesis or Mega Drive, three things immediately come to mind, for me anyway. Sonic, shoot-em-ups, and ninjas, namely the Shinobi series, which started in 1987, continued in the arcades with Shadow Dancer two years later, and proceeded onward with Revenge of Shinobi, the first game in the series made specifically for the Genesis. So why do a video on this game? There's a bunch of reasons, most importantly because it's really the first Shinobi game that got it right, in a manner of speaking, but also because of the incredible music, and because the original version of this game features some laugh-out-loud funny characters that need to be seen to be believed, but I'll get to that later. Now Revenge of Shinobi wasn't quite a launch title for the Genesis, but it was designed with the intent of showing off the system's hardware, similar to the purpose Pilotwings or F-Zero served as launch titles for the Super Nintendo. And sure enough, Revenge of Shinobi is so immediate, so in-your-face, and just so 1989 Genesis. I'm sorry, there's just no other way to put it. If you want the quintessence of Sega Genesis or Mega Drive before Sonic showed up, this game is it. The graphics, the music, the art direction, the action, the controls, all of it. It's just so late 80s Sega, for better or for worse. And I think it's for the better. There's eight levels here, and you get a life bar unlike earlier games in the series, and the game takes place friggin' everywhere.  It's tremendous. And the action is all tied together by a fun weapon system and solid enemy and level design. This is one of the earliest examples of a game that gives the player control of a character that's overpowered as hell, while also giving them a ton of space to play around in. The double jump here plays into that big time, and yeah, I admit the jumping is pretty floaty at first, like you're jumping on the moon, but it's definitely not a deal breaker or anything, especially with this shuriken attack you can use. There's also four different spells you can collect, like a lightning shield, a high jump spell, a screen clear attack, and a suicide attack, which takes away one of your lives but does a ton of damage. You collect these by hacking and slashing all these boxes you come across, also finding ammo for various weapons, as well as power and range upgrades, but unfortunately there's also bombs you come across here and there, so you can't just indiscriminately plow through every box, you do have to be careful, and that's kind of a bummer, but I get why it's there. Like I said earlier, this game is very Sega, and a big part of that is because of the music made by Yuzo Koshiro, who did the music for games like Actraiser, East Book 1 and 2, and of course, the Streets of Rage series. The music here is one of those timeless soundtracks that you can just listen to on its own because it's just so energetic and fun, but also, and I know this is subjective, but I think it's one of the most important game soundtracks ever made because it really set the standard as to what was possible on the console. Let's get to the boss fights. The first three boss fights are pretty normal as far as video game bosses go, but then you fight this buffed out dude, and he starts to turn color the more damage he takes, and wait a second, okay that's just straight up the incredible Hulk right now. Oh wait, now it's the Terminator. In addition to that, you've got Rambo, Godzilla, and funniest of all, you've got Spider-Man tossing spiderwebs onto you before he turns into freaking Batman. It is laugh out loud funny seeing this because it's so out of nowhere, and you'd think this would be a blatant copyright infringement, right? Well believe it or not, Sega actually did get the rights to use Spider-Man's likeness in the game, at least for a little while. Most of the others though, were just flat out stolen and had to be changed in later additions to the point that there were already four different versions of the game by late 1990, and later a fifth revision when the game was released for the Virtual Console, Xbox Live Arcade, and PlayStation Network. For instance, Rambo was changed to a random bald guy, Batman was turned into some shirtless demon dude, Godzilla was changed into a skeleton monster thing that looks like something out of Super Metroid, but that's only in the Wii Virtual Console version, Spider-Man also had to get changed for that version since the rights expired. Now he's just some random purple guy. Oddly enough, the Hulk Terminator guy was never changed, I guess they're vague enough to stick around as is. So yeah, Revenge of Shinobi is fantastic. No, I don't think it's as good as Shinobi 3 Return of the Ninja Master which came a few years later, but come on, that's probably one of the five best Genesis games ever. Revenge of Shinobi is still very good, and it's one of those games that's very important for its time, since the visuals, sound, and gameplay had an arcade-like quality to them on a home console, and that was a huge deal back in 1989. Now, today I can see someone being a little turned off by how slow this game can be compared to its peers, and the controls are a little labored in a sense, and the jump takes a little bit of getting used to, but like I said, I don't perceive those things to be deal breakers. In fact, if anything, those flaws play into a weird instance where they actually play into the game's charm a little bit. It's a little like Star Fox for Super Nintendo in that regard, if that makes sense. Unfortunately, Revenge of Shinobi is not on the upcoming Genesis Mini here in the US, it's only on the Japanese version, so this is one you gotta play any way you can. And I wanna thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.