Alright, so welcome to this session on the DHS2 design lab where we will talk about challenges and opportunities related to user-oriented design and innovation in and around the DHS2 ecosystem. My name is Magnus Lee. I'm a PhD researcher at the University of Oslo. I've been working with ISP and the DHS2 for six years or something now, mainly related to research, so understanding what is going on and connecting that to users and concern in the field of information systems research. Yes. Please, if you have any questions along the way, you can ask them in the chat. There is also this thread on the coming to practice where it's also possible to air any experiences or whatever. So in this session, I will first talk a bit about focus that we have in the lab around user-oriented design and innovation. Then I will specifically talk a bit about the three conditions that kind of affects the ability to design and innovate when the DHS2 is implemented in implementation projects. I will say a bit about some of the projects that we're working with. Among some things, we're developing some resources to support more innovation and then a few points about the future. So the kind of basis for what we're doing in the lab is that the DHS2 is becoming, as you know, and which is evident in this annual conference, that the DHS2 is becoming increasingly flexible to be implemented in very different types of use cases across different user organizations. And all of these typically would have some similar needs and some very different needs. And this is kind of both a challenge and an opportunity, because first of all, it's difficult to make one kind of generic software solution that works perfect across an extremely diverse and heterogeneous user group. So it's difficult, increasingly difficult, of course, to develop kind of one size fits all solution on the generic level of design. Also, as the solution is becoming more flexible, which is one way of, of course, addressing this kind of diversity, the implementation process also is kind of increasingly complex or complicated, requiring a lot of competence, both kind of technical competence in terms of how you configure the DHS2, all the different possibilities and opportunities that lies within the configurability and also the increasing focus on extendability, the ability to develop apps on top of the DHS2 to address specific needs. But also more kind of social organizational capacity, such as how you manage quite big projects since implementation projects are flexible and you can do a lot of things then it turns into kind of a real software engineering project with which has to be governed and negotiated and driven. And of course also increasing need of user domain knowledge in all these different domains. So those are challenges, but on the other hand the DHS2 is kind of turning into an infrastructure for what we call implementation level design and innovation. So with increased flexibility, all these apps that exist, both developed by the core team and third parties in the ecosystem, it's starting to become kind of a really infrastructure where you can do a lot of interesting innovations on top of it. And thus there is a great potential for doing more user oriented design innovation, meaning to build kind of useful tools for the needs of different end users based on kind of the specific needs within different organizations. So that is the starting point for our work. So, so one way of looking at it, which is part of our work also is in comes to kind of conceptualizing what we're seeing when we are exploring these topics is that all these resources that are developed to be generic to what we call generic level design, a lot by the core team but also about from a lot of different actors for instance in terms of third party apps documentation, all this is kind of could be seen as an infrastructure that supports the implementation processes in specific organizations. For instance, you can leverage all these resources and then configure and extend them according to the specific needs and again that provides an opportunity for more of course focus on designing useful, relevant tools for end users that are kind of novel and innovative. So the way we do this in the lab is that we do both diagnostic design and intervention oriented research. So we try to understand the current practices that works and what doesn't work in terms of designing and innovating in implementation projects. So we follow a lot of different implementation projects we focus groups and, and so on with different his groups and other implementation specialists. And then we try to explore resources through design so we design resources that are intended to support practices and we also participate in interventions trying to introduce new things for instance related to app development, supporting more efficient projects for instance or, or related to innovation methods for instance. Yeah, so some of the projects that we have have some kind of highlights we have participated in a lot of projects in India for instance, or more concretely two projects in India where we have explored challenges and opportunities in addressing usability. And we have had several sessions with various his groups on on the practices of implementing the edge house to and again the challenges and opportunities with kind of focusing on end user needs in these projects. And we collaborate with Norwegian Institute of Public Health in some projects in Randa where we try to do more kind of social technical innovations as we call it, so trying to not only think in terms of technology innovations but also in how do you kind of innovate around a social issue with with the kind of toolbox of not only apps or a specific tool but also kind of practices and other other types of interventions. And yeah, and we develop, collaborate with the core team on developing and testing the web of development resources and so on. And just to kind of break up here a bit. We are very interested in talking to more people within the edge house to community. So people that are have experiences with projects related to app development or projects that have been particularly challenging or successful in terms of user orientation. Please scan this QR code and submit your email address because they may be very interested in talking to you also if you have experience with agile software development related to the edge house to implementation. That would be very useful. Yeah, so returning to the presentation. I thought I would dive a bit into some key conditions for user oriented design innovation in the edge house to implementations. And this is based on some of these initiatives that I mentioned where we have participated in projects and been talking to different implementation experts of the edge house to trying to really understand what what does it take to to actually kind of build an infrastructure that supports design and innovation of useful tools for for for users. And there are particularly three conditions that are that are kind of standing out as very important in these initiatives and one is the affordable design flexibility as we call it ability to actually design things. You know, it features based on whatever needs and the practices that are present in the individual organizations. I will return to each of these more in more detail. Then we have the project configuration meaning that way projects are organized in terms of scopes and mandates and what how is the problem that the project is trying to address defined. And what types of methods are used for structuring the process. For instance, is the project kind of geared towards this more waterfall type of model versus agile will greatly impact kind of space for innovation and focus on end users in the implementation process. And then we have the implementation practices, which refers to the kind of usual way of doing things of the implementation experts that are collaborating with the user organizations that could be the his groups or, or other kind of independent implementation specialist, the way they typically organize their implementation processes. So, diving a bit into each of these, these aspects, and also then after this we will talk a bit about implications and what, what we kind of work on in order to, to try to address these conditions of it. So, starting with the project configuration, which is kind of an overall very interesting aspects of implementation projects, where these method typical methods for design and innovation that focus on end users such as user centered design, participatory design, and also agile software development methods. They typically promote building and improving systems through these iterative design processes, so not defining all requirements at the beginning and then spending two years building the system and then kind of testing it, but rather building smaller prototypes and then iteratively evaluating the usefulness and usability of the things that are being developed. So typically, starting with understanding, you know, the problem and the needs of users and practice practices, then formulating problems to kind of orient the design around, then ideate and prototype and evaluate and that goes kind of like a iterative process. This is, of course, very much constrained or enabled by how the implementation project is configured. So, for instance, what types of scopes that are defined, you know, what is actually being focused on here is it a very, very, very specific technical detail. Is it, you know, a large kind of social organizational issue. What are the mandates of the implementations experts. For instance, some projects that the people that are, you know, working with the technology, they are kind of working in silo and then you have someone else bringing in the requirements with kind of limited ability for the people building the technology to kind of interact with users. Their mandate might be only the technology which could be a constraining factor when actually trying to do these iterative processes. And then, of course, the expected outcomes of the project. If the project already is defined very kind of detail in terms of what is the output, then it's very difficult to work in this iterative manner. And when in this kind of mandate scope thing, a special kind of particularly challenging issue is this balance between the flexibility in the project. So, how flexible is the project in terms of kind of changing the expected output of the project as, you know, the project evolves versus the predictability of the project. Because, obviously, all parties are interested in some kind of predictability. So a user organization, for instance, let's say a Ministry of Health. They obviously when they are procuring and negotiating with his group or another implementation specialist group, they of course need some kind of predictability and what is actually going to be the output from the project. And also at the same time, the implementation specialist also needs to have some kind of predictability to avoid scope creeps and projects getting out of hand, which is a very typical challenge. But then on the other hand, if the project is kind of defined at kind of a certain or very specific in terms of the output from the outset, then you run the risk, of course, that you're building something that will not fit in the end when you have kind of started to develop. You know, the user organization, then you might discover that there are other issues. Technology changes over time. There are a multitude of example of projects where you kind of define the whole project and it takes four or five years to really implement it. And then when you do that, the organization have already changed and the technology have changed and what you're building is actually then, you know, tomorrow, yesterday's answer to yesterday problem type of situation. So, so this is a very interesting tension and they're interestingly also there are some groups that are employing interesting strategies for dealing with this tension. So, for instance, in Mozambique, they, they are working quite systematically with kind of trying to identify opportunities as the processes are moving so there is a defined project and so on but then as they identify opportunities, that could be kind of prompted either from the organizational side that there is a need that have no solution yet and then there is a potential for building an app, for instance, for that, or also the other way around, there is certainly an app available within the DHS2 ecosystem that has a potential impact within an implementation project and then there has to be of course a process of kind of renegotiating the project configuration so that those innovations could be catered for in the project. Others are, are actively working to kind of build in some sort of spaces in the implementation project so that you know requirements could be renegotiated, but still keeping some form of predictability. And also, you know, there is our significant differences in terms of is the project defined around organizational goals or is it defined around specific IT solutions. So some projects are more defined towards you know, this is the organizational outcome that we want to have. And then that is actually what you're measuring kind of in the end. And then there is more flexibility throughout the process to define the technology as you learn about organizational practices and iterate throughout the process. Another interesting challenge, which is also well discussed in academic research is this tendency that many projects are defined as IT projects, while sometimes it might have been more fruitful to define it as an organizational kind of project. And this of course both affect the scope and the mandate of the project. So if the project is defined as an IT project then there might be limited ability to change for instance practices and social aspects, which which might be more or maybe more ideal than actually changing the IT solutions. And there are several interesting experiences from that in some of our projects where, for instance, we have to kind of build apps which could have been avoided if we were able to rather, you know, modify some of the suboptimal ways of working. But that is beyond the scope of the project. And then, you know, you have to deal with building and maintaining a lot of technology that you wouldn't possibly not need if you had the mandate to work a bit broader on the, on the, but then on the other hand that will of course require much more kind of trust between the user organization and a lot of more capacity in on the implementation expert side if you're interested with not only designing the IT solutions but but the practices and the routines within within the user organizations. Let's see. Yeah. So just interesting example, related to the project configurations. So, one project that we have worked with in the past, we have collaborated with one of his group on on commodity consumption and trying to design a system that that supports on based on DHS to that that supports the reporting of consumptions of commodities within the public health system. And in that project has been kind of an evolution with multiple ways of framing the problem that we have been focusing on, which provides some examples of you know how important this problem framing is for what you're actually looking at what you're looking at what you're seeing within within an implementation project. So, the first, first problem framing that we kind of started out within the project was how we can support health commodity reporting with DHS to. So, technology is already kind of part of what your defined problem. And what it basically then resulted in which also proved to be quite useful for many actors was, which the kind of typical DHS to implementation project where they have these paper based systems, which were then set up configured into the DHS to moving it from pace paper, paper based reporting to reporting in this for many of you very familiar data entry application. And then that worked quite well for many of the data output could suddenly be used, you know, in the DHS to with with analytics and different types of presentations, which improved kind of decision making around around the commodity but one group that did not kind of benefit from this transition where the people that were entering these reports. So they actually reported that you know, the paper based the reporting system were more stable, easier to use in terms of usability because this was quite a heavy kind of screen to enter data into and so on. So then we had a project on friend more around how we can make the data entry more usable and relevant for that. For the data entry clerks and hospital store workers that usually filled out this form on a by monthly basis. So then the framing were more kind of explicit around the usability and relevance for a specific type of user group. And of course then also the project were designed more around, you know, specific methods for for for understand the practices and challenges of the users, trying to prototype and iterate and build, build something that could be more usable and relevant for this existing form and then what we ended up with was this data entry kind of dashboard that show reports and deadlines and stuff. And then we have this stepwise data entry thing which also validated numbers as you kind of filled in each row, which here you had to kind of go back and then try to identify it in the form where you made a mistake. And that somehow increased, you know, the usability of the solution for these data entry user group. However, when we did that project, then we also saw some interesting signs of, you know, there is a potential here for maybe doing this also even simpler. So we also carried out an exercise friend more around how we can better support the work of the hospital medical store workers. So in, you know, in both of the farmers the tool were kind of defined in advance that okay we want to to use, here we have the DHS two thing, and we know, you know, we have you know that recent data entry and that is what is going to be improved and that's going to be made you more usable and relevant. So in the third problem framing we tried to be a bit broader and formulate the project more around, you know, how do we, how do we better support the work of those medical store workers which obviously was a bit more open ended. And we then ended up with with exploring different solutions around commodity dispensing. So that's what we saw that, you know, rather than entering this by monthly report. We could instead register the commodities on on the dispensing, which then previously did on paper in these talent sheets, and then that would actually generate these reports automatically on the later points, or every, every other month. So is that this, you know, the way you're framing the problem, the very type different types of, of kind of solutions you will possibly end up with them. Again that have, you know, could be enabled or constrained by that the way the projects are configured in terms of scope, the mandates and the formulated problem that you kind of enter into. And I think there is a lot of potential in many of the DHS implementations, which I think is, you know, a great great opportunity that there are so many implementations in different countries and with the ability to develop apps and and so on. It's, there is a lot of interesting innovations that can happen on top of this already established, you know, the classical kind of data entry regimes such as this commodity dispensing module that was developed as a, as an app. Yes. So, a bit laggy slides here. Moving to the next condition. So now we talked a bit about the project configuration as one important kind of enabling or constraining elements for designing and innovating around users in implementations. A second condition is these implementation practices and with practices you mean that they established ways of doing things. For instance, within his group or another implementation agency. And here are also big differences in how people, for instance, typically structure implementation projects is also of course varies from project to project related to project configuration, where some are more active in pursuing kind of an agile way of working in in implementation projects. And some are more oriented towards the traditional waterfall model and some are more what you maybe could call pragmatic which is more kind of doing what works best at that point in time without too much kind of definitions around it. There is also no great differences in the both the capacity awareness and motivations for working with methods as part of the process. So some groups, for instance, in Mozambique are very kind of eager to promote the use of user oriented methods. Malawi also tries to typically negotiate, you know, user oriented design or users have to design methods as part of kind of the project mandate structuring process. While others are trying maybe to avoid that as much as possible and rather, you know, working with closely with management team, project management team within the user organization. But of course also depends a lot between different projects. And interestingly also, you know, the perspective on end users and why you want to work with them is somewhat different also someone see, you know, it's kind of elementary and extremely important to see the users as someone to learn from and then try to support with technology while someone's system maybe more as someone to kind of fight with them try to convince to use something that that they maybe don't want to want to use. Interestingly also is this software engineering maturity in different different groups also so some are more maybe cautious on, you know, how do we work in implementation project are there any improvements we can make. Is it possible to introduce new types of techniques and methods for managing our implementation projects. Yeah, so there are there are some differences and a lot of interesting examples of good practices which is some of the stuff that we want to document and kind of share with the broader community in the, in the design lab. To highlight two main things that we are kind of concerned with is the, the obvious one which is kind of the capacity and motivation for carrying out more user oriented design and innovation activities. There is a real capacity of, you know, contemporary methods for for working agile and close to users and kind of building this fruitful arena for innovation, but then also interestingly the capacity and motivation for negotiating for also this one is to carry out methods for each other. You know, as seen with the project configuration there is also a lot of negotiation and, you know, a lot of responsibility for organizing good implementation project is of course on the implementation specialist it has to implementation specialists. You know, some groups are very active in negotiating for, you know, a fruitful arena for thinking about users and deciding for them while while others are not that active in that element so that's also very interesting and important element. See slides again a bit. Yes, so turning to the last of these conditions. We talked about the project configuration and implementation practices. And then a final conditions which have kind of a large impact on the implementation process is that what we call affordable software design flexibility. And with that, we refer to the ability to actually respond to specifically user needs. So, in many implementation projects for instance, some of the ones we've been involved with in India. Then we, you know, we find a lot of interesting things that we could improve, but then it's not possible to easily have configured that in the edge as to. And often also if the issues are not, you know, enormous, then it's not considered viable to develop an app for it. And the key principle in this user oriented design methods is of course that the needs of users should kind of inform the design innovation of all five solutions. So the, and in the edge as to you have, obviously is configurability that you will find in the maintenance app. This is this is data and reform builders and so on, which is beneficial because it's it's relatively easy fast and have limited maintenance costs tied to it. It's kind of automatically transferred when you're upgrading the software and so on. And then on the other hand, it's, it's limited to metadata data and reforms and some kind of switching on and off functionality or choosing between different apps, which is of course becoming richer and richer as there are more apps developed by the community. And the app development that is kind of monumental change in the edge as to system that you have the ability to develop apps for in principle any kind of need that you would discover. But then on the other hand that requires software development competence, it is costly than in terms of the immediate, you know, development time and competence. It's also something that has to be maintained on that individual implementation, if not kind of generified into a generic app. So one thing that we find interesting is that these generic features and the adaptation capabilities, the configurability and the extendability acts in many cases as some sort of a lens in the implementation projects. So if you're very experienced the edge as to implementer, then of course you know a lot of what is possible with the edge as to and you would know what would be difficult in the edge as to because it's not part of the configurability or the existing generic features. So that means that in the implementation projects that the generic features and the adaptation capabilities have some sort of kind of a gravity that that you know pulls the focus towards what is readily available and leaves things that are not that readily available in the dark. And that's why I think this application development resources. SDKs, the app development platform, the DSH2 UI library and so on are very important interventions into that kind of DSH2 ecosystem because it supports more affordable design flexibility. You know with app development platform it's these components for instance they are still maintained by the core team and then you kind of assemble them as an app, meaning that in some point in the future you could imagine that you know there's only kind of the glue between the components that are maintained within the specific implementations, yet you are able to kind of combine different components and build very, very different user interfaces and new types of functionality, but still with limited maintenance on the level of the individual organization. So kind of trying to look at what this means is that you know thinking about different kind of forms or scopes of design, so if you know design focusing on usability for instance which is from form of user oriented design and user interface phases will of course have some kind of demands on the project configuration for instance you know there has to be defined that usability testing, involvement of users in evaluation and so on has to be part of the process. It obviously will have some impacts or demands on implementation practices and capacity in that you need methods and capacity for negotiating those into the project and conducting or carrying out such as methods needs to be part of the practices of the implementation experts and it has some effects on the software design flexibility or demands on the software design flexibility and that you have to be able to shape user interfaces, so that they are you know usable for the user groups that you have. And these issues could be quite challenging sometimes, one project that we worked in for instance where they wanted to refer to data sets which is a common term in the HHS2 as something else, but that is not something you can configure very easily. So that means that you have to you know, rather than either then you have to build new apps for everything which is costly and not a viable solution, or you have to retrain the users to adopt a different type of language for what they're working on, which might be the best choice in that situation since modifying that part of the HHS2 is very difficult. If you are, you know, have user-oriented design projects focusing more on IT tools, you know, innovation of tools that are relevant to end users, that of course again puts increasing demands on project configuration and the practices and the software design flexibility. And again here the apps, you know, the ability to develop web apps or Android apps is a great, you know, step in that direction that it's possible to extend the solution with functionality and user interfaces beyond what is offered in the generic solution. But again that also is tied very much to, you know, the capacity and how projects are configured. If the project is configured with the solution up front, before you kind of go into the practices and needs of users then it's not very easy to of course include those aspects as part of the process. And then you have kind of the most extreme form of user-orientedness which focus more on the social technical system, so designing IT and practices in kind of tandem. But then again with even more kind of demands on the project configuration and the software design flexibility and so on. Another thing I will say about these conditions before we turn into some of the implications and the work that we're doing in the design lab is that, you know, these aspects are interesting also interdependent so it means that, you know, the way projects are configured are also affected by what is kind of the affordable design flexibility in the edge as to so during the initial negotiations of project configurations. Then of course, you already start typically talking about what is possible with the edge as to what is the design space what are the generic features that could be relevant in this project. The generic features and the adaptation capabilities is of course part of the negotiation in the beginning and now that the HS2 is becoming more flexible, easier to develop apps, more generic apps available from the community then of course also that will have an impact on the negotiation of the projects if done kind of correctly. And of course also these project configuration is something that is going on typically for many years and as there are new opportunities emerging in the end of the HS2 design infrastructure, new third party apps, new features provided by the and of course that also an impact and potentially if you know that infrastructure is monitored by implementation experts then that will lead to more new opportunities. Also interestingly of course the project configuration affects what you can do with a given flexibility so if the project is defined around here there is no room for any application development for instance then of course you are not able to utilize that app development flexibility if it's already agreed that we are only building this system using the generic features and configuring them. Similarly, the way projects are configured will both be affected by the implementation practices you know whether for instance his groups or others are negotiating for a user involvement and user orientations in the projects. And also the other way around what has been agreed upon in the project configuration also affects what is possible to do, given the capacity and with implementation groups. And also of course the capacity to develop apps affects you know what is considered affordable software design flexibility that way. And the implementers are constantly of course affected by what is available within the design infrastructure with within the bounds of the HS2. So that's why also the type of work that we're doing in the lab try to kind of address several of these aspects because they are heavily interdependent so if the available software design flexibility increases then of course also it's easier to promote practices focusing more on flexible design and also promoting negotiations of broader projects and vice versa. Yes, so turning from the these three conditions. I will also then in the end of my presentation talk a bit about what we are working on concretely around building resources to support design innovation practices given these conditions that I just talked about. So, one, one thing that we are working on and where we have several master students at the University of Oslo, both working on kind of content and format is this design innovation toolkit. So the toolkit is intended to support and promote methods and techniques and experiences from different related to different user oriented types of way of working. And it's currently I'm kind of very early beta but we have now students working on it for instance this summer to, to add the content based on both kind of contemporary methods and techniques and also experiences from the DHS to community. So here you can see a screenshot also from an idea is that you have activities and techniques and that you can search for for different techniques which are kind of specific ways of doing things for instance interviews or observations or stakeholder mapping, or you know, analyzing, you know, existing systems and practices, and then we have activities which are more kind of groups of things so that could for instance be prototyping. And then prototyping have a lot of different techniques that you can use to prototype for instance wire framing, storyboards, paper prototyping, and so on. So the idea here is that we will have different types of, you know, things that are relevant in in implementation projects, and then that can be used in projects to find, you know, contemporary ways of are suitable, which is the most important ways of, for instance, working with users or organizing innovation projects. Another activity which, which is interesting is ideation, for instance, so what kind of techniques can help someone in the design process in ideating and also analyzing for instance the challenges of specific user groups and based on that prototype solutions. And then you see that this is also screenshots from some of the early version of the, of the, of the method toolkit, where there is a description of for instance how you do as of now are in descriptions of how you do do interviews and what are important concerns in that process. And the idea also over time is that this, we're trying to build this as a kind of a flexible thing where you easily can add new types of activities. So we have, for instance, a team exploring agile software development principles for implementation level design. And then the idea is to actually, you know, build guidelines principles techniques processes that we can add into this toolkit. So we could have here and kind of agile software development. So what you want to report with and you can select agile software development. And then there will be experiences from projects, you know, common challenges ways to overcome them. And then there will be principles again techniques that can help in different phases of an agile software development project. And also similarly, for instance we have one activity we should call an open innovation project, which just kind of starts with the open ended problem area and then you kind of iterate to innovate through prototyping evaluation and so on and then there are different techniques tied to those different problems. And the hope is that we can work closer also with with people in the community, his groups and others to try to learn from this, how they kind of successfully for instance as I mentioned, are able to negotiate the right mandates, the right balance between flexibility and that that is something that can be shared in this toolkit, for instance under negotiating an open innovation project as kind of an activity with some activities and techniques tied to it. Yeah, so, so that this is kind of an early basis for for a lot of resources that we hope to be able to build together with the DHS community of practitioners and users and so, and we particularly and that's also why I'm promoting this, this, this form that I shared the link for earlier or sending an email. If you have again experiences with you know implementation projects focusing on users, both challenges and things that have worked well. So that we also might be able to share some of these experiences within this, this toolkit thing, you know, for instance under what are common challenges how the people overcome them, how are people achieved you know successful, you know, how are people in the community of innovating together with users, call designing, and so on and so. I see there is also a question in the chat, where can we access these two kits, glad to that some of our interest in the masks. So this is, this is at this point it's a beta but we hope that in August, we will be able to have something that we can actually share, both for testing but also hopefully for use. I'm happy also to, to, I will try to deposit on the community of practice when that time comes, and also Maria if you send me an email, and maybe we can stay in touch and I can also share with you when it's, it's available for testing. Yes, so that is the desired innovation toolkit. Moving to another resource that we have been working on a bit. This is also tied to, because the design lab is tied to also a course at the university also a big course with 100 students where they have a project where they develop the HS2 apps. So they have kind of a design and innovation project building apps for the HS2. And this, this is something that we also use in that course this design innovation toolkit resources, which we're also going to test in that course in their project in the fall. Obviously a bit of artificial kind of project configuration there as compared to real implementation projects. Anyway, very useful with of course methods and techniques for how do you analyze, you know, the knowledge about users, how do you ideate how do you prototype and so on. And another resource that we have been developing in relation to that course is the HS2 web app development course, which is available online but which also is a beta version that we are this summer we have several people working on improving the content of that course. And this is that over time we want to develop it into a kind of full self-paced the HS2 web app, the learning resource for web app development, which we can use both, you know, within the HS2 community but also with our collaboration with universities in other countries. Yeah, so what you see from the screenshot is that you have, you know, learning kind of the whole stack of technologies that you need to learn to be able to develop with the HS2 app. So while the core team provides a lot of, you know, useful guides on how to do specific things with the HS2 app development platform and the APIs. This takes you kind of from, you know, essential knowledge about front-end web development to JavaScript to react, which is the kind of preferred JavaScript framework for developing apps for the HS2. And then, you know, to the to the HS2 specific how do you set up the environment for developing the HS2 apps, how do you communicate with the API and so on. So, and then there are some exercises. So in our course at the University of Oslo, the students there, they use this to kind of get from not knowing potentially any front-end development to be able to develop the app through a project with fellow students. So again, also if you have experiences with web app development or want to learn web app development, we will be very happy to talk to you on testing this resource and seeing, you know, what could we do better or differently in terms of building capacity for the HS2 web app development. Yes. And finally, related to this issue that I mentioned in terms of how, you know, how much capacity and how much awareness are present in terms of how you structure implementation projects as agile or according to agile principles. We also work on, or have set of students working on principles guidelines and techniques for organizing agile the HS2 implementation projects. And hopefully these resources are some of the stuff that will feed into this design and innovation toolkit, because agile is kind of quite closely connected to this flexible projects where you can innovate and decide. So yeah, again, if you have experiences with those type of aspects, you know, agile challenges, opportunities, successful stories of, you know, working agile in the ISP group or in implementation projects in general. And it would be very valuable also to talk to you on, you know, your experiences, possibly, you know, documenting and feeding into this toolkit resource and to our further research. Yes. So rounding up, I just want to say a bit about the future that we're working on and what we are seeing kind of in the future. So our focus is kind of continuing on the understanding these practices and processes related to design innovation within the HS2 ecosystem and what type of resources that may, you know, enable and constrain these practices. And as I said, you know, we're very interested in talking to many of you on exploring the unsuccessful or successful, you know, ways of organizing things and the challenges and opportunities related to working with users and co-designing and so on. For instance, just to mention last year we had, I had a session also on this topic at the conference and then we actually initiated contact with one partner and implementation project and we now have master students participating in that project, trying to work on issues such as user involvement and how do we frame the project to kind of maximize the potential for useful innovations and so on. So please reach out if you have, as well as there were some mentionings in the chat which I thank you for, I will try to contact you on that. Yeah, and then as COVID hopefully will be calming down at some point then we also hope to get back to more, you know, participate in projects in different countries. So, for instance, then using kind of app development projects as engines to try to explore how we can design and innovate on the HS2, learning both about methods and techniques and about, you know, app development issues, opportunities with app development for the HS2. And we also have a lot of these interesting plans for collaboration with universities in Mozambique, Malawi and Tanzania, kind of exchanging master students and building capacity, not only with kind of well educated and finished students, but also people working in groups, but also kind of working already with universities and building capacity on these kind of things that can later feed into our work in the industry. So yeah, rounding off just again urging you to either send me an email if you have any interesting experiences to share or some kind of proposal for collaboration or scanning this barcode and filling out this very, very brief little form including your email so we can stay in touch if you find any of these elements that we've been talking about interesting. Thank you very much for your attention. I hope it was interesting.


Hey there friends, how's it going? My name is CallMeKevin, I'm filling in for Kevin CallMe, unfortunately, his deceased and in jail. He's gonna be busy for a while, I'm gonna be your new host. See how long I can last with that head trauma. I'm gonna start a new life. Today we're gonna be I Am Wrong, who, you guessed it, well you probably knew it from the title. They're gonna pick every single wrong option that comes up.  This really seems like what a child would make up to get out of giving the real name and place. What's your name, young man? I am... Wrong?  To be fair, when they had that second name, I can't really blame them for calling me this. Like, yeah, how could you resist? Trying to feed me? Slap that spoon away. Vaccination, bite my mom. Oh, my mom got promoted to Sergeant First Class. They must have seen the bite marks and been like, whew. She is a tough cookie. Okay, my parents just had another baby boy and they named him Jose. I feel like they like him more than me. They didn't even give me a chance with my name. Your neighbor who's a stylist offers to give you a fashionable new haircut. You've been thinking about changing up your hairstyle recently, what will you do? I'm like four. I'm just gonna say I'd rather be shaggy. Swanks! Oh, my God, the dog died and my parents divorced and now I'm depressed.  Oh, my God, no, my mom is married already again. Jesus, that was fast. All right, Purvis, my new stepfather. I'm gonna call you, bro. My God, Jimmy over here is getting married as well. I'll call her sis, I guess. I'm suffering from scarl of the fever.  Oh, God, Terg is bullying me. Attack him. Oh, what's the worst thing here? Poke his throat. It did a lot of damage. I got sent to juvie. How was he supposed to get out of that? How is he supposed to be in juvenile court with the name I am wrong and get out of that? You've been released. Okay, good. I'm back on the streets and I'm not depressed anymore. Juvie did a lot of work for me to be fair. I'm being bullied again. Dude, I just got out of juvie for poking someone's throat. Are you really gonna toy with me here? Now I have to scuffle with you. It's a terrible idea, but I have to do it. Claw his elbow, specifically the weenus. Oh, I missed. Oh, no. Oh, and now I'm in the principal's office. Okay, Eric, you I suppose. Oh my God. Now my father's given out. Eric, you yelled at your father. Wait, which father was that? Is it stepfather? Am I like, bro, back off? I'm 11. Oh, yeah, they had a brother and they named him August. They're definitely trolling me. Oh, great.  I guess just search the web. The thing is, I do this as the worst option, but this is what I do in real life. And then I freak myself out. Huh. Got a bit of a scratch there. Actually, a little bit of a cut. Well, guess I'm dying then. Oh my God. See, now he's freaked himself out. But even if he's right, like, I gotta pick the worst option. So just pray. It just pray it goes away.  You've been feeling a need to be more outdoorsy lately. What will you do? The worst option, nothing. Oh, I'm depressed. This feels like I've lived like an entire life already and I'm 15. Oh, puberty is so hard. I'm suffering from anxiety now. And how am I supposed to get out of my depression when an unusually heavy snowfall in Canada generates a month long spell of avalanches killing 163 elk and 16 people? Why did they lead with the elk? Classmate has asked you out. He's definitely not in the position to be dating. He's so much baggage and he's only 15. But you know what? Start going out with him. Oh my God, even his health is so low. Should I go to the doctor? Like, I got to keep him alive. All right. Could just keep doing what I'm doing. It's a driving test, dude. I shouldn't be behind the wheel at all. What does this road sign mean? Chair ahead.  That's not even just you failed. It's like you failed and you're never allowed to take this test or even be inside an automobile ever again. You graduated from high school. Oh my God, my depression is gone. Same. That's exactly what happened to me. I pick a major. Dance. Look, I'm not saying there's anything wrong with dance. It's not for I am wrong. It's not his specialty. I got rejected anyway. They could sense it in me. They saw stiffness in I am wrong. Military it is then. I like how the Marines have these swords. Yeah, I want to play with swords. I got rejected. I mean, if my application just said I want to play with swords, I can kind of see why. Okay, Air Force. My name is I am wrong and I... All right. I shouldn't lead with the name either. Me want gun. Duh, I'm rejected again. All right. Last but not least, all right. Navy, honestly, you are my first choice. I just left the best for last. I love the village people song, you know, in the Navy. You can sail the seven seas in the Navy. Heaven wants to be with you. Please accept me.  I even did a little musical number. All right. What about starting a small business as a cat behavior consultant? That seems like a terrible idea. Oh, no, they asked me a question. Oh, which of these are your most passionate about human rights, sleep, music or money? Sleep, I guess. They hired me. Oh my God, I better never leave this job because I will never get another one. They were just desperate. Isn't this my business or am I working for a small business? I thought I was starting a small business. Was that my like bank loan application? Just big bowl letters on one sheet. I am wrong. Me like sleep. You have a client at work who feeds her cat by chewing up cat food and spitting it into the cat smell like a bird recorded and posted on YouTube. You receive a voucher for three pairs of sunglasses. There must be strings attached. I don't like free things. All my looks are struggling. That would have helped me with my looks, apparently. Just throwing on sunglasses. How do I look? Did it work? Do I look cool? You know what? I don't think it actually works. I'm going to get surgery instead, which in itself is a terrible idea. Like I look terrible. I'm not trying the basic things like putting on sunglasses or, you know, maybe just caring for myself.  I'm going to go to Dr. Thrasher. It sounds like a villain out of a cartoon. Not so fast, Dr. Thrasher. Maybe he did go too fast because he botched it. And then my evil stepmother pranked me. Really? I just came out of a botched surgery and now you think is the best time to prank me. Slapper neck. Oh my God. My happiness health and looks are so bad. All right. We're going to find a law firm to represent me. We're going to go with burger and associates. What a surprise. It didn't work. And now I'm depressed. A health boost. Let's see. Your friend invites you to play on this Kowai kickball team. You've been thinking about ways to be more active. What will you do? I'll watch. Your friends are all joining Instagram. Yeah, definitely. That'll boost your self-confidence. Go straight to social media. Post a sexy pic. Your post got zero likes and you lost four followers. Fantastic. While trimming the bush, you find a money clip. Keep it. It's mine now. I'm going to ask out my boss. You're attempt to seduce your supervisor. Bet he was not successful. Well, I didn't really even need to read that sentence because just as I was clicking, I realized it said she was gay. Now I've been reported to HR. Oh, no, not another choice. While watching the weekend's dynamic performance during the Super Bowl halftime show. Is this an advert for the weekend? I'm okay with that. The weekend seemed good. I don't know. I've heard like two of their songs and I was snapping my fingers throughout. He gets lost in a golden maze of mirrors while looking for something. What do you think the weekend was looking for? The Blair Witch probably. I'm usually looking for it. No luck so far. I hope. Well, we do social media. Let's make a YouTube video. What can we make dance show those people who rejected you for a dance degree that they were wrong. Got zero views. All right. I might have to directly send it to them. Otherwise they may never see it. I'm cured for depression. A simple dance. Just a bit after my depression is gone. I'm going to go on the dating app. Let's see what's the worst option here. 80 plus, I suppose. There we go. Crazy Gazelle Roach over here. She's insane. Go on a date. Discuss birth control. I don't think that matters. It just turns to her. I think it's time we discuss birth control, but she's literally 70 years old. Your friend's dad is a drug overdose specialist. He uses Zoom in emergency situations to talk to our patients hallucinating on psychedelics. Your friend thinks you'd be hilarious to covertly add a filter to his tattoo. I think I know what this is referring to. I'm here live. That's not it. I'm not a cat. I can I can see that. Pennywise. Oh, that's got to be the worst option. All right. I'm going to buy a hovercraft. Wait, I don't have a boating license. All right. I'll take the test. Does this macro signify? I know engine fan, I guess, but I got to pick the wrong ones. So no combustion vessels. Wait, I passed. Fantastic. Always one step ahead. All right. Buy the hovercraft. Straight up cash. Name is the unsinkable. This is just this is just baiting.  I also need a jet ski and a tandem kayak. Even though I have no one to ride it with me and I have the girlfriend, but she's like 74 or something. I don't think she should be out there. All right. And I'll spend the rest on a wedding ring. I think Emerald ring. It is by with cash. I was about to click on her. No, she's younger than the person I'm dating and she's with mom 72. Okay. Dating for two years. Go for it. Propose. This is not going to work.  It got damaged search the web because I had a headache and now I think I'm malnutrition drink a smoothie would probably actually be a good option here. So I'm just going to hope it goes away. Oh, I'm going negative in money. Why are you all the boats require upkeep? I suppose. Let's take a ride on each of them to see how good they all are. There we go. Love going on the unsinkable. Oh, the log raft was lovely too. Oops. I accidentally aged up. I meant to go on a ride at all of them, but now I got a text from the X of her moist tongue. It's a weird way to describe it. I mean, I technically are correct, but it's just strange to forward it to my friends. Then I'm going out on the jet ski. That went pleasantly. They're all equally enjoyable. I'm staring to feel like I wasted my money and buying that hovercraft. It's like, yeah, the hovercraft's okay. The log raft is just as fun. I wait to 7 11. You witness a clown littering. Try to intervene. Oh my God. He pounded my chest and I died.  What a way to go. He died after sustaining massive injuries in the salt. How did littering escalate to that? Oh, no kids. So it can't even continue. I'll just try again. Well, this is actually playing out the exact same. Oh, but she married someone else.  All right. This time I'm going to call my stepfather Daddy Cockford balls. I want to call them Daddy Cockford balls. All right. Let's move on. It's not funny. It's his name. I feel like I'm doing the laugh you lose challenge. Oh, great. Someone's playing a prank on the teacher. Their name is fittingly Bart. I'm going to attack them by licking. Oh, no. Why would they include that? Licks too. That's equally not. It's not equally weird, but it's weird. You're being bullied at school scuffle.  Okay. Can you at least just give me a slap on the wrist? Oh, driving test. Great. What does this road sign mean? People asking for money ahead. Darren. I was so close. Suffering from anxiety.  Really? All right. Pick a major. Arts. Ta-da. My parents won't pay. Student loan. No boats for me. I'm afraid. A young lady named default default looks suggestively at you while eating a whole cucumber without chewing. Well, that is terrifying. Horrible idea, but sleep with it. No, no need for protection.  My health is so bad. Oh, wait. Yeah, I graduated. Um, let's look for a job. I guess something in the arts. Is there anything in the arts? God, is this bad? All right. No job for me. Oh, wait. I got a job referral. A junior animator. That's good. Take the job. And I didn't even have an interview because I just knew someone. You know, it's not about watching all. It's about who you know. My depression is gone as I am a junior animator. I'm going to design the original Sonic design from the Sonic movie. Oh, this may have been a result of the, you know, not using protection. Let's just have a bit of a pray and just go about her day. Thanks God. Keep an eye out for me. Oh, no. Search the web. Oh, no. She's gonorrhea. Drink a smoothie. While I work at co-workers generated a villain character, there's a striking resemblance to you. I just want royalties. Oh, no. Oh, no. I don't pray. Pray her. Oh my God. She's calling again. All right. Go see her. Oh, no. I'm losing my hair. It doesn't bother me. Keep the baby. This is wrong. Here's the name.  It's time to vaccinate your daughter. This is no. Oh my God. They meant a smoothies. He's drank and his health is getting no better. Oh my God. He's so many medical issues. Search the web and hope it goes away. How do I invest all my money in GameStop stock? I don't think I've missed the boat yet. I shouldn't talk about boats. That's pretty much how I died last time. All right. The casino it is. Oh, no. I didn't even think about what I was getting myself into. I bet 10 grand, but I got to pick the worst option. I'll stand. I won. Yes. 19. Hit me. All right. Keep going. I'll stand. I think I just got really fortunate the first time. 21. I was going to try and say hit me again, but it wouldn't let me 17. Hit me.  I'm going to lose all my money here. Leave the casino. It's the only good choice I made all day. Time to buy an exotic pet. A wolf. Go for it. I'm going to call it my murderer because I just feel like that's how it's going to end. Oh my God. That is tragic. I just got it and it just died and that cured my depression for some reason and my anxiety to be fair. My person bought a wolf. They have no experience and they probably didn't want the wolf. I imagine that would cause you to be depressed and anxious at all times. Horse racing. I'm going to bet on flaps up at 10 grand. Come on, flaps up, please. Come put those flaps up. Up. Come on. Oh, he came last. Literally dead last. I've been busted for what? Disorderly conduct. What was I doing? Can we get a flashback there? What was that? I'll just take a public defender, please, even though I could have easily afforded the other ones. Now I'm going to jail. All right, just have a cry in prison. I thought of your horrible idea, but I wept like a widow while waiting in line for the shower and the other prisoners gave you a round of applause. Gee, thanks you guys. You know, I've had a tough life, but this really feels like home in here. No, don't release me. Oh no. I got to get back to prison. Time to wrap a train. Clearly like just something to get back in prison. It didn't show up. I didn't look at the timetable. Okay, let's look at a different crime then. Judging off my driving test, I definitely shouldn't be stealing a cab. I got caught finally back with people who understand me. Have a cry. They made fun of the way I cry. Why? I don't know what dentist, but some dentists in jail offered me free an animal, an animal, enamel shaping procedure free of charge. Yeah, go for it. Oh, it actually helped. Okay. I thought it was a bad idea.   He looks so sad, but I know you shouldn't mess with someone called crazy eight, but I'm going to attack them. Oh my God. I left him deaf. It wasn't even the kick.  Appeal my sentence. I got, I got released. Okay. There you go. Thanks. Bad steak. I'll be a Karen lash out. Oh my God. The casino calls and offers me the presidential suite. If you come back and play, I wonder why it's like, Oh, it must be my charming personality. Let's go back 21. Look at that. Now the smart decision would be to walk away. So deal him 20. Hit me. Okay. All my money is gone. Oh my God. I forgot I'm still unemployed. I am earning no money, but don't worry. History repeats itself. My half brother has gotten me a job as a cat behavior consultant. Again, my stepfather died and my depression is cured. I don't know what sick, twisted individual I am wrong is, but his depression magically goes away every time someone dies. So I guess the natural conclusion there is to kill someone. A stepfather dying made me happy. Imagine how much happiness I get from my actual father died. I have no money to hire a hitman. Hold on. I'll be back.  Well, now I just have a reason to do it. Oh God. Damn it. Father time. The greatest hitman of all gone first. Skip the funeral. Yeah. Immigration sounds good. Where do I go? Uh, that's the worst option out of here. Ireland isn't here. So we'll have to go with the second worst, who am I least likely to offend from doing this? The Germans. They don't hold a grudge. They denied me. I'm a greater legally then. Resist deportation. I've been deported. This is a terrible, terrible idea. Like he's got so many diseases and everything.  Oh, he's angry. You notice that your memory isn't as good as it used to be. What would you do? You notice that your memory isn't as good as it used to be. What would you do? Wait, what was I thinking about? Now with malaria. How did I get malaria? Drink the malaria cure smoothie. It's like essential oils, but in smoothie form. I am amazed that he's still alive. Like it doesn't make any goddamn sense that he's still alive. Oh no. Why did I say anything? Well, I'm for a walk and junkie offers you crack cocaine. I did that. You're concerned because your best friend, Dustin's use of alcohol is spiraling out of control. Meanwhile, I'm just accepting cocaine off a random person in the street. Oh, more muscle pain. Drink a smoothie. It was the smoothie that killed me in the end.  That makes no sense whatsoever. Continue as this is. Oh yes, they're child. I'll have to end the bloodline, I'm afraid because this is terrible. How do you have so much money? Oh, they remarried. They got rid of the surname. That was it. Time for murder. All of a sudden, they just take a turn. They're a heel now.  He died. There we go. Okay, I'm going to jail. I got sentenced to death. Oh my God. And I lost my job.  Oh my, wait.  Okay, goodbye. I've been persist arresting. I caught immediately. Oh, now they're swapping it to lethal injection. Okay, out the door we go.  Like they're saying I'm on death row, but where are they keeping me? It seems just like there's an open door. Sign up for Twitter. Yeah, let's do a tweet. No jail can hold me long and travel photo just to show them exactly where I am. Someone called default daft.  Take a duffel bag to Israel. Sure, international travel while I'm on the run from death row sounds like a great idea. What could go wrong? I got arrested. Run. I'm out. A masked gunman is attempting rob a clerk while you're waiting in line at the bank called the police right away.  But also they're going to arrest me. Like he's going to be locked up for what? Three years, five years. And I am going to be killed. They're going to kill me. The police arrived, but they were too late. He died and now I've been captured. Great. Fantastic. Resist arrest. Nope.  Oh, no, this is getting much harder. Run, run. I'm so fast. Oh, almost God. That's a lot of alerts. Okay. Age up. I'm depressed. That's because I only have one more chance at escaping. Are they going to kill me? Oh, no. Okay, run. Run. Oh, they caught me. It worked in the movies. We got all the pop-ups. I can't even see what happened. All right. My final year. It was postponed. Oh my God. I immediately escaped and now I'm going to Israel again. Someone offered me drugs. Yeah, go for it. There we go. I got executed. Their life was going fine until like 26 and I took control and then just ruined it. But we're going to end it there. I hope you enjoyed. If you want to see more BitLife, let me know. Leave a like. Subscribe if you're new. Thank you for watching. I appreciate you and hope to see you next time. Bye for now.


Curse of Pipe, my friend's coming, Banksy. I'm back again, guys, today I got more free stuff for you. That's right, it's Free Stuff Friday. What do we have today? We have two intros. You see them at the beginning. You're also gonna see one behind me, and it's gonna play in full at the end of this short video. And also six stream overlays. Decipher Gaming has provided us with not one, two, three, but six customizable stream overlays. So for those of you guys that like the live stream, jump on your Twitch, and you're not real good with the GFX kind of stuff, we got it covered. Take them, guys. As always, all of this stuff, all of these assets that we bring you are free for you to use. Take them if you want them. If you don't want them, that's okay too, guys. We've had thousands and thousands and thousands of downloads, and we really appreciate it, guys. We want you guys to have the best stuff on the go all the time. With that out of the way, we've got a whole bunch of customer requests for a bunch of new things that are coming out. We haven't released them yet, but they're being worked on. We've got our Graphics guys and our partners working on Black Ops 3 stuff. We've got some Star Wars battlefront stuff still coming. We've got a whole bunch more Minecraft coming. And guys, if you're involved in GFX, or if this is something that you do and you want to send us some stuff, send it to me. Go to online.freedom.tm. Link in the description below. Shoot me an email. Let me know what you're up to. Get on that turtle. Let's go. All right, guys. Enjoy the last free intro here. Send me an email.  All right, check it out. Bling.


And I end today's show with this quote from Sivananda Swamiji, who you were just listening to. Often in the hustle and bustle of daily life, we forget our true purpose and nature. But if you can set aside external distractions and look within, you will discover an inner wisdom that will guide you toward your destiny. The highest part of your soul resonates with your true essence, with your divine soul. It is that part of you that is in tune with the universe and your highest purpose. It is that part of you that drives you to pursue your dreams and live a meaningful life co-creating in the new world. To embrace this part of yourself and live your dharma, you must learn to connect with your higher self.


In this section, I will explain how the hedging can take place against foreign exchange risk using swap contracts by an example. So, we are assuming that we are having a situation in which there is a US-based company which deals with computers. Then, there is another company which is a German company and it wants to sell some software from the US-based company to Pakistan. So, as we can see that the German-based company will pay, some software is buying from the US-based company. The currency used in the USA is US Dollars. The German-based company has planned to pay in euros. So, because there are two types of currencies involved, and again we can see that over time there could be fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate. So, both the parties who are buying the German-based company and the US-based company are forcing that there may be a risk, because there will be fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate and the German-based company wants to buy the software from them. May be they are going to buy this particular software for the next 10 years. So, they said that they will repay you for the next 10 years on a salary basis. So, because there is a 10-year time period involved and there are two types of currencies involved, there would be a lot of risk for both companies because none of the two countries know that over the time there will be a favorable exchange rate for the currency. So, in this kind of situation, they might go for a contract to manage the foreign exchange risk. In which they want to hedge themselves. And we are going to take an example of Swap Contract. Through this, I will explain how using the concept of Swap Contracts, the two companies can hedge themselves against the foreign exchange risk. So, assuming this situation, the German-based company is saying that they will pay you for the next 10 years for the next 10 years. Every year or together, there will be 10 payments for the 10-year contract. And in this, they are hedgeing. We are assuming that they are using the concept of currency Swap Contracts. In which they will have to see and lock. The exchange rate at this time might go up or down in the subsequent 10 years. So, they will have to lock the exchange rate at which the trade or the payments will take place. So, when they will get into the Swap Contract, they will have to specify the exchange rate. They will have to specify the terms and conditions. They will have to specify the frequency of payments. They will have to specify the total time period over which this particular contract will take place. So, they will have to take all these decisions from the beginning. This is why we have said that we are doing a forward contract here. But we are using the Ejigoria and Swap Contracts instrument. To hedge here, we are signing both the parties' contracts. So, we are assuming that the exchange rate at which the contract is taking place is the exchange rate of 1.30 per euro per market. With this particular exchange rate, they have defined their Swap Contract. And they have said that the subsequent payment will be defined on this exchange rate. They will lock it there. So, this is how the entire contract will take place. Every year, they will have to... The euro payment will be made by considering this particular exchange rate which is defined and locked at 1.30 as I mentioned earlier. When we look at the overall concept of Swap Contracts, this particular concept was originated. People started working on this particular type of contracts or they started investing in this type of contracts at international level in early 1980s. And till now, this is a widespread spread. Overall, the entire world uses this type of contract. And even in Pakistan, we see that there are multiple organizations, multiple financial firms, multiple institutions which do business in Swap Contracts. When we look at the type of products or type of commodities that are involved in Swap Contracts, we see that there are wheat and oil, all these types of things plus currency, interest rate swaps. All these things seem to be a business through Swap Agreements. So, this is another way through which you can hedge your risk and through this example, we tried to understand how foreign exchange reserves or foreign exchange risks through Swap Contracts and how you can hedge them.


Recent advancements in plasmonic nanoparticle technology have opened up new possibilities in the areas of energy, catalysis, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. Plasmonic nanoparticles possess strong and tunable optical responses which can be manipulated with external light sources, making them ideal candidates for biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy. However, to fully realize the potential of these particles, further research into their fundamental properties and applications is needed. This report summarizes recent progress in the understanding and application of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, focusing on sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery. Future directions of this field are also discussed. This article was authored by Minyu Kim, Younghoon Lee, and Jwamin Nam.


YouTube team keep it clean. What's going on? It's in Graven here with another video. I don't know why, just in such an extra great mood on this Wednesday, man. I hope y'all are doing good too. First, before we get into this, don't let anybody kill your vibe, man. Y'all just keep on going. Keep on trucking, keep on pushing. Whatever it is that you're going through, keep going, keep going. Stuff may be a little rough sometimes. You may face some rough patches, some little speed bumps here and there, but you'll get through it. As long as you keep pushing, do not give up.  Cause it's a lot of people that they, if they told you that story, it would be like, oh man, I had no idea that they were going through that. But it's people that you can talk to every single day. You just never know. Never know. So I love y'all team keep it clean. I appreciate y'all team keep it clean. And just shout out to y'all team keep it clean. I really do love y'all. My guy, Kevin Redline, who we got another video coming out soon. He was like, he said, man, it ain't nothing like team keep it clean, man. It's nothing like team keep it clean where it's just so much people being positive. And I was like, I agree with him. Cause there ain't nothing like y'all. So shout out to y'all. Shout out to all the team keep it clean patrons. Shout out to our newest patron, Jermaine Lockett, AKA couch writer report. We're going to be working together real soon. I don't know when, because my schedule is always crazy as usual, but we're going to get that in soon. But anyway, today, we had a very interesting press conference from the Baltimore Ravens that started 23 minutes early, by the way. But anyway, it featured John Hubbell, it featured Lamar Jackson, it featured a surprise guest, Marlon Humphrey, and it also featured Bradley Bouldman. And they each of course had some very interesting things to say. So let's get into it. It started off with John Hubbell. He said that he is excited for the battle at left guard. He said it is wide open. Now we can come to a conclusion that Ben is going to win. Ben's going to win for sure. I don't care what Hubbell say, Ben's going to win at left guard for competition, straight up. But beyond that is, Hubbell said it's open. So we go with his word anyway. He said the roles as far as the wide receivers, they're not determined yet because somebody asked them, oh, so in many camp, will any roles be determined there? And he said, no, like any starting spots or whatnot. He said we already got certain starters at certain positions and whatnot. But as far as the wide receiver, they're going to have different roles and whatnot. He said at the tight end position, Mark Andrews and Nick Boyle are set, but beyond that it's still open. I mean, we've been talking about that as well. He said the linebacker roles about who's doing what and how much of it they're doing, that's still to be determined. But you know, I think the biggest battle there is going to be the playing time between LJ Ford and Malik Harrison. I think LJ Ford certainly starts alongside Patrick Queen. But I also think that one of the biggest transitions could be is how, excuse me, how they do it on passing downs. If anything changes there. So we'll see about that. He said the second area is pretty much set. They got some backup roles, like who's going to be behind Tayvon Young and he's like assuming he's healthy and whatnot. Bateman, Rashad Bateman, mispractice today. And I was initially, I was a little concerned. I was like, hold up, Bateman been missing some time and whatnot. He has some little minor injuries here and then. Hopefully that's not foretelling. But I'll say that was just a stomach virus. My guy, Chate T said, he said, Bateman got to stop eating everywhere that they give him free food. He said he can't be doing that, man. Can't be doing that. Anyway, Ferguson, Jalen Ferguson, he lost a family member. So that's why he wasn't there today. So sorry to hear that about Jalen Ferguson. Big shout out to Jalen Ferguson, man, because that's a lot to go through, man. So hopefully him and his family, they can just really all be there for each other right now. And he don't even worry about football right now because that's far more important than any football period. They asked hardball about the possibility of adding a veteran. And he said they're finding where they are. They're not worried about any position. But then he's also said, hey, well, if the right player comes along, then so be it. And if they're the right price as well. So we'll see what happens. You know, everybody been asking about past Russia. Everybody been asking about the edge guy. And I still expect them to add somebody. But like I've been saying too, if they go young, I ain't gonna complain at all. I won't be mad at all. I'll be a little bit worried here and there about the football IQ, because we talked about it, but we'll see. I don't expect them to go young though. I expect them to still sign somebody. He was also asked about Bradley Boseman. And he said, we got a thing around here about snaps. And I appreciated that because hardball acknowledged something that we all know that we've all seen that Ravens fans have all experienced and he wasn't afraid to put it out there. So I appreciate, I appreciate when coaches, players, when they are straightforward, but especially coaches, because you don't get too much straightforwardness in coaches. So I really appreciated him verbally acknowledging that because we know that there's been a problem. Now, he talked about somebody who we're getting ready to talk about next, Lamar Jackson. He'll ask, hardball, what's going on Lamar Jackson's contract situation? What's up with that? And hardball said, Lamar is gonna get paid. He is gonna get paid. But the question is, what's his legacy gonna be? How is he gonna be remembered as an NFL player? And with that, and then he said that Lamar, he talked about, he said Lamar, he doesn't have an agent. And I was like, hardball, you talking too much now, man. He started going on a little tangent and whatnot and I'm like, hardball, you got to chill, man. You giving up too much information, man, too much info. But I mean, we all know that Lamar is gonna get paid. We know Lamar deserves to get paid. We know Lamar needs to get paid and he don't need to take no discounts, no discounts at all. But speaking of the guy that doesn't need to take any discounts, he was up next. And Lamar Jackson, one of the things that we noticed from last season that with the Ravens could certainly, oh, it would have made such a big difference throughout the season too, is with the deep ball. They could not consistently hit on the deep ball last year for nothing. And it seemed like early on in the season, it was like, okay, at first game, where he hit Hollywood, I was like, ooh, okay, ooh, that pass was on the money too. I was like, let's go, let's go. But after, it was a lack of consistency because he hit a deep ball here, then missed three there. Hit a deep ball here, then missed two there. But then it was just a roller coaster for the deep passes. So if they can improve on that, ooh, because that deep ball, it just, it makes life just that much easier. And you get a chunk of yards like that. And instead of having to grind it out, I mean, what you can do that too, you get a chunk of yards like that. Flip, field position, it keeps the defense on their heels. Whoo, it's gonna be nice. But he said he's trying to put more emphasis on it and trying to be more consistent with it. Now, he said that he's also gonna be getting with the wide receivers down in Florida because you know, tomorrow's the last day of mini-camp. And then we gotta wait that long period of time until training camp. So there's gonna be, it's gonna be a little slow for the Ravens and whatnot, because they gotta do, they have to be responsible, extra responsible, because now it's all on them. Now everything is on them. But he said he's gonna get with his guys in Florida. And one thing that I noticed that he said too, he kinda slipped it in there, but he did it so nonchalantly. So you could tell it's probably something that's been on his mind. He said that he's actually, he said, he's focused on the Raiders. Focus on the Raiders.  Yeah, you already talking about Lars Vegas? Ooh, I'm with it though, man. He was asked about Sammy Watkins and his impact. And he talked about how Sammy Watkins, he can make everybody's job easier as far as the wide receivers. And that's true because he can take pressure off of everybody because now we have a respected, more respected wide receiver opposite Hollywood. So that should help a lot. Somebody asked about why Lamar Jackson has so much loyalties, loyalty to the guys that he hangs out with from South Florida. And I wasn't really feeling that question. I wasn't a big fan of that question at all. I'm sure they talking about his friends and whatnot. I'm sure they talking about Kodak Black, who's also his friend from childhood and whatnot. I was just like, hmm, like Lamar Jackson, he's been from South Florida his entire life.  And he's had these friends his entire life. So why are we asking a question about his loyalty to his friends from his entire life at this point in his life? Yeah, anyway, they asked also about the contract. And he said the same thing he's been saying. He now, he not worried about the contract. He just focusing on winning a Super Bowl. That's what he wants to do. They asked about Rashad Bateman. He said, Rashad Bateman runs crisp routes and he is smooth, but this part I really loved. I loved it. I appreciate it. I adore this part because he said, after he said that, because they were complimenting Rashad Bateman like, oh, how did he look?  How'd he look? And Lamar Bateman, he complimented him, but he also humbled him too. And not even necessarily humbled Rashad Bateman, but well, yeah, he humbled, he kept it humbled because he said that he doesn't want to hype him up too fast. And I love that. Because you don't, and if Lamar, you know everything that Lamar says, people are looking at it with a microscope under a microscope.  So if Lamar Jackson would have hyped up Rashad Bateman and Rashad Bateman, say for instance, he drops a pass to training camp. Say for instance, this week, one a week, two, and he ain't going off like that. People would be, oh, Lamar hyped this dude up, for what? And not saying that he won't live up to hype, but at the same time, if you put that extra pressure on him, sometimes that could hurt more than help. Sometimes it can help more than hurt, depends on the person, but Lamar Jackson said, I ain't doing none of that. I ain't hyping him up too much. He talked about how he's been working on his footwork and he also said that he's been working on throwing more spirals. And he said that in a joking way. But the way that he said it, it reminded me of the whole, remember, the whole white sleeves thing. Y'all, I know y'all remember that. We ain't gotta go back there, but that's what it reminded me of. That whole, the white sleeve, the petty Lamar, where he came out in the second half. Anyway, speaking of the Beals game, because the white sleeves game, I believe that was the, was that the Beals game? I think it was the Beals game. But anyway, the last time we played the Beals in the playoffs, he said he wanted to go back out there. He said, yeah, he might've had a concussion, but he could remember all the plays and all of that. He said he was ready to go, but he obviously didn't get cleared. He talked about how he remembers the losses a lot more than the wins. He talked about how winning MVPs, that's cool. Having a winning record, that's cool. But he wants to get the Lombardi trophy. He wants to bring another Lombardi trophy to the Ravens. And he gave a big shout out to Joe Flacco as well. So shout out to Lamar, man. And then the last question, the way that they finished off this presser with Lamar Jackson, X-Miv he got vaccinated. So anyway, next up was Marlon Humphrey.  He said he wanted to go to every play with a plan and how he was gonna execute. He said he wants to try to get some more interceptions and whatnot. When he said he wanted to clean up, I thought he was gonna say he wanted to clean up the penalties, but I'm sure that's part of his technique and that's what he was referring to. And he also talked about the change with the wide receivers. He said this been like a big energy change from last year to this year with the wide receivers. And the way that he said it, it sound like he attributed that to the new wide receiver coaches. So that was interesting. And then last up was Bradley Bozeman. He said that he had been practicing the snaps even before it was said that he was gonna be the team's new center, or at least in competition for the job. Cause you still got Tristan Colón Castillo and he did not look bad in that Steelers game. But anyway, Bradley Bozeman said, again, like we've been saying, stay ready. So you ain't gotta get ready. He said they've been practicing the snaps even before, like I said before it was a turn that he was gonna be the center. He said he's been practicing the snaps just in case something happened to where he would have to step into the role. And now he's had to step into the role. So he said he's good to go. He said he loves the transition back to center. And he said he's been doing that since high school and that he feels like he can dominate there. Yeah, he ain't just say, oh, I feel like I can play well. I feel like I can be a, no, no, no, no. He said that he feels he can dominate there with that inside game. And just listening to him speak, he sounded extremely confident in himself. And I appreciated that a lot because, and he just the way like people will ask him a question. He respond immediately. And I mean, if he wouldn't have responded immediately, that would have been fine too, but he was just on it. He was ready. He was ready to go ready. Okay, I'm gonna start in center. Love you Tristan. But this is my job. I'm ready to take this. That's how he was answering the questions, man. So Bradley Bozeman, he's with it. He's ready to go, ready to get this thing done. So we'll see how this whole thing works itself out. Tomorrow is the last day of mini camp. And then I believe we got a little stretch. Got a little stretch till July. Before then, before they get to training camp, I know they're gonna have to take that, the famous Ravens conditioning test, which is a big yikes. I tried to do some of it just one time and it didn't end up good at all. But shout out to them for being in tip top, amazing shape. Man. But anyway, Team Keep It Clean, I love y'all. I appreciate y'all. Thank you for just supporting, listening, watching, and just spreading love to people, man. Cause that's what's most important. Far more important than any of these videos, far more important than any of the podcasts, far more important than any of that stuff, is spreading love to people. And just, like I said, being a light in somebody's darkness, man. Cause there's a lot of people going through a lot of dark things right now and things that we have no idea about whatsoever. So y'all keep being good to people, especially on the internet too, man. Cause some people come to the internet, some people, they just going through stuff, man. They just going through stuff. And some people, they know how to let it out. Some people don't know how to let it out. And just be good to people. Cause you just never know. You never know what they're going through. So I love y'all, appreciate y'all, and we out.


Do you think that team is obviously cemented in dynasty conversation forever in a Steph Curry worthy of all the combos now about him being Mount Rushmore and everything? Did you learn anything through the series about that team or Steph or did it kind of end up how you thought Chuck? Well, I think a couple of things. I think we can, Isaiah Thomas can welcome Steph Curry to his table as the greatest little man ever played in the NBA. That's just my personal opinion. I think that Isaiah has been the best little man forever and I think with Steph winning this championship because you kind of have to handicap those two with Kevin Durant. So you put him with him winning this second in my opinion. It puts them at the table when Isaiah Thomas is the greatest point guard ever played a game.


What's up guys welcome to rotor riot. We're at this awesome Bando for a battle. We're gonna be playing drone laser tag We've got Sino whoops fitted with the new Z tag drone laser tag system. It's about to go down. Let's meet the pilots No one knew what a city whoop was before me. I Mastered city whoops. I won the last game of laser tag and there's no chance. What's up guys? I'm less flair see and I'm gonna take these guys out just like I do in color Do you like those little punks that talk trash in the background? I'm this is out and my game plan is to win It's two boys guys ain't got a chance. I've done this before. I don't think I did that great last time actually They're gonna try and hit me. I'm just gonna be flown over here flown over there. They can't touch this day. It got nothing Mike her bet TV and I'm gonna win by knocking everybody else out of the sky I Want everyone to have a good chance at winning and that's what we're gonna use We got eight pilots here So we're gonna start by doing two rounds of four pilots each the top two pilots from each round We're gonna move up into the finals where the top four pilots will battle for it all we did this last time If we only were set up it was like humans versus zombies whatever but this new system You can assign different colors. I think you never as many as six different colors, but we're just gonna go straight a battle royale We're just gonna do a free for all So the Z tag board is pretty cool It's just one board that you mount up front in view of the camera so you can see your life LEDs And then it's got indicator LEDs up front and it's even got an output to hook up more LEDs So we've got an extra board mounted back here LEDs back here will automatically match whatever color it's sent to so if I Change this to orange boom back there. It's orange automatically So if you tag somebody your thing does like a little night writer thing, but if you get tagged You can see your thing flashing like you're losing a light So one of the LEDs flashes white in your front display But your back display flashes all white so the person that tagged you can see that you've tagged they've tagged Check out the distance. You have to be from it now. I'm not tagging him currently, but Now I am so you have to be this close to tag him. That's the distance. You have to be to tag the other player Okay, I have one arm everyone arm sync clap official round one All right Crash and broke a motor before the end of the game, so I don't think that I was tagging him at a circle Or I know I was like brah Who was the first person to get eliminated me because my drone said no my motors Okay, then you've got eliminated after that then Jeff That was a Heidi and Sean one you ruined our silver Bernard Work for hours building these battle drums and you just ran into the dirt That's just so fun like when they're getting into like little dog fights, and they're just kind of going back and forth LEDs all look super cool. They're just like I love squirts in the first place It's just so fun to watch them battle like Let's go let's go let me fly I did like I had to have done like 20 or 25 I just saw people I just like One you got second you did me.  I feel like I was like in a World War two play just This is the same company Z tag that we played with some of their gear before that wasn't made for drones Yeah, so they have these like arm-bend units that is made for running around tagging people in a field Come on the front of quad it worked pretty well, but it was not like it wasn't made for the drone So it was kind of hard to tag people broke some of them We had to have like switches to like indicate that we got shot Yeah, it was all like hacked together So then they saw our episode thought it was really cool and decided to actually make units for the drones Even when it was just hacked together It was still super fun and so now that we've got the actual product in hand I was pleasantly surprised in the first round that I got to do because it's just like Yeah, well it really feels like you're shooting them now whereas before it was kind of more like proximity Yeah, you kind of had to like sit next to them for as long as yeah And now it's actually like get behind them like we're actually having like real dog lights like but it's cool Though that you don't even need to like wire it into the flight controller the receiver anything like you can just Stick it onto the drone. Yeah, it would be cool if it could wire into the flight controller with like a UR or something And then when you lose your lives or just disarms. Yeah So first finals you want to shake things up a little bit get out of this big open space Condense it a little bit get the best of the best packed in tight Plus when we're in there the LEDs are really gonna pop we're gonna be able to see whose color we're going after I mean, I know I need to take out drew because he's on it So I need to see what color he is and tear my new one. You don't have a chance, okay? You beat me once you know what that means means I know exactly how to beat you I know how you did it.   No, it's not gonna. It's not gonna happen No You're Quinn, he's the one with the contract code We almost got him If it's one solid one play game, that's three lives. Is it? Yeah, he smoked us. Oh wow. So you have 10 chances Yeah, you really To a battle I think with you and Sean in the smoke and all sudden like I got hit or I hit I couldn't even You two in the smoke so I was like, oh, there's two of them. I got you both I started to play dirty too. I like went into one of the rooms and like put my butt against the wall I was like, you're not gonna get me. You're not gonna get me Split us over you can copy I didn't even see it happen. I was just camping. I was like, I'm safe here and it started blinking. You're right here, right? Yeah, I came All right everybody. Thank you so much for watching this episode of rotor ride We had a blast playing with the Z tag system on these awesome city whoops You guys want to try out the Z tag system?  It's gonna be a blast. Yeah, we're gonna be reading these exact Cine whoops out so we'll fix them first We're gonna have them set up with radios and goggles during the rounds anyone at rampage You can just walk up pick up a controller do battle and maybe even get them face against your can get their butts kicked too If you like this video and want to see more click the subscribe button. See you guys next time We're gonna need batteries for this smoke detector because I'm coming in hot