Okay, I'm having a bad hair day. Okay, so sue me. I'm wearing a beanie for this video. Ah! Buy Muck Coins is the best place to get your men 20 coins, super quick delivery, awesome customer service, build a team you always wanted, and of course, my code MMG is 15% off. All right, I'll keep this intro short and sweet. Here's the squad. It's so good. What I need to get is a power up for Lamar Jackson, but that's about it. Awesome offensive line. Evan Engram, Kalin Winslow, Tori Holt, Gronk at fullback. I don't know why. Marjaxson, Leveon Bell, Sammy Watkins, Tyree Kiln. On defense, Shaz, Deon Jones, Kevin Green, Kalomak, 96 now. Yes, I finally finished Rockmaster, 96 Pat Tillman. Ryan Dawkins, David Swight, Gilmore, Aaron Donnell, Pudger Cox, Dan Harrison, Clay's Campbell, Darius Slay. Okay, but the real reason we are here is for the brand new house rules. Just came out on November 14th. I got so many videos lined up. I don't know when you're gonna see this, but hopefully it's within five days of November 14th. If it's past that, I'm just clinically lazy. I'm sorry, I suck. Okay, you start in overtime. It is a straight up overtime game. It does say overtime each player gets a drive. Now that's different than NFL overtime. That's more like collegiate overtime, because in NFL overtime, if I were to start with the ball and just score a touchdown, it'd be over. Also, each win counts as two wins towards the rewards. I think they heard us bitching so much about how wack the rewards were, so. That's good. Celtics fan and a Seahawks fan. I smell a bandwagon. Now, the good thing, if we can get a defensive stop, if we start on defensive, we can get a defensive stop. All we need then is to kick a field goal. I think he wants to throw one of these user playmaker routes. Terrible ball! That's game. Oh my God, and my voice cracked.  Why does my voice keep cracking? Have I been like recording? Yeah, that's game over. All I'd have to do is kick a field goal, it's over. So we gotta win already. That was very easy. All right, I like it. Sorry for my voice. I think here's why. Okay, it's because I'm always yelling, I'm always like talking way too loud for videos. So I think it's just a lot of pressure on my voice box. That's what I'm thinking. All right, whatever.    Great, I'm demonetized for the million straight video. All right, there's our top three. I love how it looks, even though I have players higher overall than that. Ooh, this is gonna be a good one. Starting on defense. I love starting on defense. I'm actually really glad. I just like to note that if I can quickly stop, oh, he's gonna throw this. He's gonna throw it right to my head. Oh my God, I'm gonna return it. That's game. Wait, did I not? Oh, I did return it. Okay, so that was two super fast wins just like that. And it counts for four wins towards my rewards. That's actually hilarious. Wow, Lamar Jackson without the helmet on. It's kind of good. Look at Gruden and John Madden. They're about to make out. Wow, well, that was easy. It doesn't get much easier than that. Michael Vick, Ray Lewis, Pat Tillman. I don't know, why is that my top three? Do you guys know what top three works? Why is that my top three? I have a 95 Klayus Campbell. Second and eight. I think that's a QB spy on me, but that means levying on bells open.  Lamar Jackson the God and levying on bell with jukebox. First in 10, we're gonna move to the ground game. I can be conservative here. Worst comes to worst, I will take a field goal. Great blocks though. That's four yards. Yeah, if it ain't broke, don't fix it. Wow, and he spread his D-line. That's the opposite of what you want. Well, work for him. That's gonna be a third and four.  I should own. Damn it, he used her D-line and got through the middle. All right, that was a pretty unimpressive three drives right there, but I will totally take my field goal. Absolutely. Oh, look at that slow meter. Oh, I love that. That's so much easier. You know, I was always sitting here wondering why some people's kickers had the X-Factor thing under them. All right, now we just gotta stop him when we win. Wow, this is guys. I can't find my airpods or my Raycons, so I'm not listening to music. It's really freaking me out. All right, corner route. I've seen through everybody and their mother runs this play because there's the corner route and then there's the dig that goes under it. To stop it, I'm gonna send a super hot blitz and we'll see if that works.  Good timing for me, third and seven. I think one more super hot blitz, we're in the clear. Third and seven, sending his half back out wide and he's sacked Michael Lomac. All right, QB spy, fourth and 15. Corner route, corner route. Somebody go get the QB. Okay, just catch that. Denied. Okay. It was a pick and that's the ball game. Let's go. That's it, that's it, that's it. On to the next, on to the next one. You know, I used to get scared when I'd see that 96-pat Tillman, but now that I have it and I just completely steamrolled three people with it, I feel pretty good.  My new favorite thing in this game is just put your half back on a curl.  It's my new favorite thing. Okay, okay, so I'm scrambling out, playmaker him up the middle of the field, there it is. It's a beauty, okay. I honestly just ran that really poorly because I should've thrown that ball earlier. But it worked. It was unlucky, you didn't catch it, but it works, okay. Damn, that was unfortunate timing, I gotta admit. He's probably just gonna run the ball to get in field goal range now. So we gotta make sure, oh, he's gonna pass. Wow, that's surprising. Wow, that's surprising, cause I'm gonna... Dude, I thought I was gonna pick him off and we actually, like I could've came back and won the game. Does he run it now, second and 10? Yes, he does, we're gonna stuff him. He's not in field goal range. Third and 10, we gotta pass. I don't know where he's looking with it. He's gonna run with Steve Young and now he is definitely in field goal range and that's the game. Why is he doing any of this? Does he know that a field goal ends the game? He must not know. Oh, come on, he broke my ankles, I was in the hole. I don't know why he's doing this, he... Does he not know? He's either messing with me or he doesn't know. Second and eight, QB spy. He's gonna scramble. Yup, dude, like if he had fumble right there, that would've made my day. He really could've, too. He got hit pretty hard by Pat Tillman. Third and 13, I couldn't tell you what this guy's doing. All right, throws back to his house. What? What? Okay, this game's just, it could've been over a while ago.  All right, boys, back on offense for a fifth game, I think. I'm gonna show you that this half-back curl route thing is actually really effective, even though I have so many touchdowns and I threw it late and I'm gonna get picked off.  I'm doing it again. But this time, if there's actually a touchdown, I probably should just throw it. Oh, there's a touchdown.  Oh! Okay, I didn't actually think that was a touchdown, but it turned out to be. Oh, darn it. I thought he was gonna switch onto that guy, too. I guess I will never get to show you that this is actually an effective tactic. I gotta get a touchdown. Okay, well, it's QB Spies and D Tackle. So I pretty much just outrun it. I love this game. All right, third and five, I have two run plays to get this in. I'm gonna go half-back wham. If that doesn't work, I'm gonna go to the pitch. I don't know, come on. I just need to have an anchor to throw a block. We don't even gotta worry about it.  Let me off!  Let's go. All right, now I gotta stop my defense. That's why I don't like being offensive first. I like just getting a good defense to stop and kicking a field block. Justin Tucker pins it. I love that X factor, seven to zero.  I thought we picked that off. All right, oh, I think he's looking at this poster out right here. Oh, he's not? That looks so open. He is moving down the field, but it only matters if he gets a touchdown. Oh, here we go.  We're just gonna send it. Got it, got it. I got Vic myself, let's go!  Let's see what happens here. Block that half back. Block him. Yep, he's blocking.  It's not working. He's wide open! Oh, good D. All right, now we just go straight into a pass formation. We already know what he's gonna be doing. Let's see him roll out, okay? I got these two clamped, easy. Coming around the edge hot. I don't even know who that was, but great work. Fourth and 19, he has no choice but to go for it. I'm gonna put Calil Mac on a spy. Calil Mac's gonna eat this man alive.  Nobody, no! You're not gonna do that. That's a game. Good work. First and 10, pitching it to the outside. Wow, I could drive a truck through that hole. That is a beauty. Nine yards levy on bell. Okay, can I show off this play already? Oh my God. Okay, so I'm a block angrily. I just need some time. I just gotta let it set up. Yes, yes! Oh my God, yes! See, this is what I'm talking about, it's so good! What was that, like 14 yards? I bet I could do it again too. He's in press coverage now. I might just be able to get a little burner. Oh, Tyreek Hill, touchdown. Wow, why would you ever? Why would you ever do that? That's just silly. Good touchdown, Tyreek Hill, he's too fast. He's literally just too fast. All right, he's kind of dotting me up right now, so I'm going at demand coverage and I'm just gonna send hobblets. He's calling some audibles. Let's see how fast he snaps this ball. Oh my God. Okay, I just can't let him get a touchdown. Those corner route BS things are a lot harder to run up here on the goal line, so let's see what he does.   He literally threw like a 15 yard pass every play. Does he go for the field goal or is he going for two? He's going for two. All right, this is the game right here. We're sending a hot one. Let's see how hot the- Oh, dude, we didn't even get there in time for that, dude. All right, I just, wow, I'm impressed. You just gotta clap it up for the man on that. All right, let's play some defense. I'm sending a seven man blitz on the right side and it's a run. That was a pure block blitz, but I love it. Second and nine, I figure he's, oh wow. He's gonna scramble after all of that. Clomac is going in a QB spot, in case he wants to do any of those shenanigans again. Okay, he had a wide open man on the right side, didn't get to him, or did 16 and he's going for it. I don't get this, but okay. What's he gonna do with the half back? He blocks the half back. I'm coming with Shad. Got him. That's game. I just gotta kick the field goal on the seven yard line. It doesn't get much easier than that, boys. Honestly, with a clean victory like that, I think I'm gonna end it right here. I hope you guys enjoyed House to his best game mode by far. I love this stuff. I will see you boys in the next video. Peace out.


So welcome everybody. I am here today with Kelly King and Kelly King is a writing instructor a horse trainer and really a pursuer of Knowledge and she has been Putting together online courses and online training videos for equestrians just like you to help further your knowledge and your exposure to amazing trainers So welcome Kelly Thank you. Thank you for having me on. I'm thrilled to be a part of A part of this online horse share Yeah, it's so nice to have you you've got such a wide knowledge base and Kelly actually has helped us get some instructors that she does courses for so we had Andrea weighty and hopefully we'll have her for the the next online course She has some really valuable information and then we also have Wendy Murdoch and Kelly's put together courses for both of these these amazing trainers and she also has many more but Tell us a little bit. So, you know, you're putting together these these courses and it's a journey as we all know And all of our journeys are so unique and different to tell us a little bit about how this came to be Sure, so I I started out. I think like many professionals in that I was I working as many horses as I could taking horses in and training and teaching teaching riding lessons and I really wanted to be able to do something more for my Riding lessons students because I acknowledged that they would come and they would They would take their lesson. I was working with a lot of adults, too so they were hungry for like doing more and kind of often had this feeling of Trying to get as much in learning wise and practice wise in a little bit of time as possible So I really wanted to do more for them than just that hour that they would have to come to the barn So I I actually started creating some videos with them in mind I was creating videos with some of the things that we didn't really have time to give them as much practice with simple things like interacting with the horse in the field Putting tack on correctly understanding different types of tack and then a lot of the basic riding, you know riding information and posture How to use their aids that we were going over in the saddle or going over in their lessons So that they would have that when they were back home and not actually at the barn Because a lot of these students at the time were people that didn't have horses So that was their their practice time in between was watching the videos So that's that's how it started and then I was publishing a Weekly video blog and I would also write some articles and I was also putting that on a website And it just started to kind of slowly pick up an audience from people that were that were reading and as I started to gain an audience I I kind of got the idea for the the potential to be able to partner with other people with my Mentors and and the people that I was learning from at the time and wanted to learn from in the future To be able to bring their knowledge to a greater audience and I would say that is really my passion I love to learn. I feel like there's always more to learn and discover about horses. So So my my vision was to be able to create this platform that then I could partner with people and And really help I guess I just bring their knowledge to a bigger audience Wow, how cool and I think that's something that that Is so important for people to think about and understand I think people do but you need to be able to Kind of immerse yourself in the philosophies the theories the understanding when you're away from your horse Because once you add the horse to the picture, there's a lot more feedback that causes you to have to Respond and it totally changes your train of thought and in order for you to get, you know Really further faster. You need to be doing the studying on the side and Really develop your understanding, you know develop your toolbox and then you take it take it to your horse And now it's it's already integrated. It's kind of part of you and who you are in your knowledge base And it becomes so much easier And I think there's a lot of lesson horse programs out there that really could benefit from offering that sort of thing to their students because There's you know, when you go from week to week, that's such a that's a huge gap in You know, but you're almost relearning much of it at the next lesson Yes, yeah, and whether I'm working with a student in person or whether it's through the online courses I always try to pull out those skills that I see they could practice without the verse and sometimes it's The simple things like just handling the rope, you know, if they're talking about lunging being able to handle the lunch line You know make those loops without having to look down switching the The line, you know with your whip or your tool or with the reins, you know shortening the reins Or even if you're going to more advanced skill like riding in a double bridle, you know feeling having two reins and handling the rain and the whip like it's those things that We can separate some of the physical skill and gain that when we can focus on just those little chunks at a time Then it comes together so much more when we're riding and really that's what we do when we're training our horses Good training is always about how do we take this and break it down and teach the horses little pieces and then start to combine them Right it sure is that's so cool that you've been able to do that and and create courses through that now Tell us a little bit about the the courses you create and the people that you that you work with You know in creating those courses and then Start with that so sure so the What we're well what I'm striving to do is work with people That are Sharing the same values so we have a broad range now of different courses that we offer some focused on training some on like riding and biomechanics some on even just Horse behavior interaction with the horse and then someone horse care and there's always going to be overlaps with different instructors of People that use different techniques to get the same job done And I think that's actually part of the beauty of learning from different people as you can start to recognize that there There are different techniques different methods different ways of doing about things doing things and even different ways of thinking about things but when when the people share that the same values of really wanting the best for the horse of a positive learning environment for the person to for the learner and And Just of like kindness and being open-minded to different people's ideas and ways of doing things It really creates a great community So an example of what what the online courses look like so I have a lot of people when they first come in Maybe they've watched some of the the video shows that I've done that are like on my website or on YouTube And then they see a course and they wonder like how am I going to learn about horses? Especially when it's a hands-on like a riding or a training course you know through an online program and We the course will usually start with some of the theory, you know, so this is these are the principles behind what's being done This is the theory of why it's important whether it's I teach some of the courses to so whether it's me as the instructor or One of the other instructors a little bit about the background of the instructor and why they're Doing things that way that they're presenting in the course and then we get into the practical exercises and again It I feel that one of One of my skills and one of the things I really love to do is taking someone's Big ideas and like lots of lots of information and distilling it into these are kind of the first three steps And then once you have these three pieces, then you move on to this So that's really what what we love to do in the courses is like a good like any good You know even like university program it's kind of starting with here's the theory Here's the why and then this is what you're actually going to do to start to build specific skills Yeah, that's great because I think if you don't understand the theories and philosophies behind what you're doing The meaning is lost and it becomes very hard to troubleshoot When something comes up that maybe wasn't shown in a video because you don't understand all the But you know what took place before that point the philosophy the theory what why and how right and And no that that's fantastic I think that's a hard thing to do because when you're dealing with horse trainers and and you know, we're teaching We throw a lot at the wall right and and especially if it's in a live sort of Scenario, there's a lot that's covered and it sometimes jumps around So it's not always linear because you're dealing with different people and different horses and so it jumps around a bit Which is why clinics are great But sometimes they can be a little difficult too because it's hard to remember everything you learned because it wasn't set up in a logical way And for you to be able to do that to you know to bring it all together and to set it up in a nice Progressive manner for people. It really sets the stage for success, right? Yeah, there's a saying and I have I have no idea who to attribute this to but it's theory without practice is useless and Practice without theory is senseless. So it's you know, just that idea that we have to have a balance of both and With the clinics one of the things that I actually do because I have a facility that's located in Pennsylvania and We do training and lessons there but we also host a lot of clinics and any more almost all of our clinics are Basically kind of the prerequisite for attending a clinic is doing the online course and the success the the amount that people are able to do in the clinics and the way that they have Like giving me feedback about the benefit of that clinic has gone way up because From having that initial study coming in Everyone all the participants are kind of on the same page as far as you know, these are the The principles or the exercises that the instructor is going to be practicing and then in that clinic It allows for kind of that really rich discussion of you know Here's a problem that I was encountering with this or you know, and I heard another person say this how is this compatible? It just makes for an amazing in-person clinic experience when there's been that base level of study Done beforehand and then even from there I have a lot of people that say they go back to the course and then they get even so much more because it's that idea that we can Watch or read something one time and we get a certain level of information And then once we have more knowledge we go back and all of a sudden this like whole another Level is available that we can understand right Right. Oh, how cool and what a great way to do it and I'm sure the people that You know your instructors that that create the courses with you I'm sure they appreciate it so much too to because when you can come to a clinic and you can come with the Expectation that all of these students have basically been through your program in a way, you know And they they have that level of knowledge it you can step in as an instructor and you can really just take it You know forwards and upwards the whole entire clinic, which is which is pretty cool Yeah, and one of the things that I that I love about that too And this is the same thing that you know, you're doing for people through the fair here is that when we can Get to know teachers In this virtual way, it's actually really nice because you can just see who you're a good fit with on a Even on a personality level in the teaching style level and in a philosophy level, you know I do believe that we can learn from everyone, but there's also certain teachers that are just going to be most Beneficial for where we are at in our current skill set and also just certain teachers that we're drawn towards and when we can get more of that knowledge through What's now available through technology, you know and and online education then when we actually do go further to Pursue whether it's an online course, you know more in-depth study with that person or going to an actual clinic You kind of know going that this is where I want to be instead of, you know, some of the clinics you go and Partway in you kind of realize. Oh, maybe maybe this isn't the best fit for me where you know now you can figure that out earlier Yeah Definitely definitely there's definitely been clinics that I've been to and I've had students that have gone to and they just You know, it's it's they learn something and you do learn something at all of them But it's just not a good fit and it's so interesting because you know as a Kid when I grew up. That's what you did. You just went to clinics and horse fairs horse fairs We're a great way to do it because you could see a lot of different presenters and figure out who you really clicked with but it was always a live event and Now it's there's so much available to us just through the window of our computer, which is so unique and But it also can be overwhelming so that when you you look you struggle a bit with almost information overload and not knowing who to be listening to or you know learning from and I think it is helpful when things are brought together Like you bring certain mindsets of people together and the horse here, too I want to be bringing people with similar mindsets and Only those people, you know only only the participants that are interested in those sorts of philosophies are going to come attend and Then from there just like with your programs. You can kind of pull Together all the all the people that are really meshing and clicking with the way you think and Just with your personality type like you were saying and I think that makes a Huge difference in our ability to grow and progress with our horses. Yes quickly very quickly Yeah, absolutely So if you were to think of like one thing that you wish you had learned Early on, you know from the beginning that you didn't know what would that what would that be I Think it would be the idea that we can we can actually get accomplished much more and Get a lot further with the horses in the long run by going slower in the beginning, you know I do tend to be a type a kind of achiever type personality and I know that a mistake I made early on with my own horses and horses that I had in training was just trying to do a lot upfront, you know and trying to Pack as much into training sessions as I could and now I realized that actually by by going slower and You know, for example with a new horse spending those first few weeks where it doesn't feel like we're actually accomplishing that much then the the whole progression of that horse Just speeds up because it's kind of taking care of that emotional piece and that connection piece in the beginning Which makes everything else so much easier I think it's getting harder and harder for people to do because they Their life I think is just in general for all of us speeding up So we are you know, we're just kind of that's our expectant state is always quick quick quick and the busier I am the better and Horses they look at you have crazy because the world is so slow and Yeah, I think that's such a such a great thing to share because I think that's an important piece that The majority are missing Yeah Yeah, and it's not easy. I mean, it's hard to remember. I have to remind myself a lot But the more that I have practiced it and realized it with the horses The more I'm starting to realize how it applies beyond just horse training to you know, like get get foundational pieces in place Taking the time in the beginning Most things actually get easier in the long run Right, and I think that's that's key and I think I Always say that like horsemanship is really just life lessons It's it's lessons that you take from your horses and apply it to your life And it it makes you such a better person What but you've got to learn from the right people because there's also those trainers out there that are you know get it done fast if it's not working get firmer, you know, and and That isn't gonna apply to your life very well Yeah, yeah So right now What are you most curious or interested in? In your in your current journey, I would say at this At this moment There's two things actually so one when I was when I was a teenager I used to do quite a bit of long distance and endurance riding and as I started working with horses professionally That That kind of you know disappeared. I didn't do that anymore because obviously it takes a lot of time doing the conditioning and And preparing for for rides and putting mileage on And I had too many horses to ride to be able to continue that but it's something that I've I've always missed So I am exploring how to bring that Back into my life and back into you know part of my What I do with my own horses again So I'm excited about that and that's definitely another learning journey because I've been out of it for so long and Really excited for for what I can explore and learn there and then I've also become really fascinated by the challenge that we have with the the mustangs in the sense of You know, there's so many horses out there. How are they being? Rounded up. How are they being? Handled and you know, hopefully retrained and adopted out afterwards. It's uh I've I'm at this stage where I've become more aware of what the problem is But I don't know the solutions. I'm not You know, I'm not familiar with what people are doing to try to um Find a solution. So yeah, that's something that I'm also very interested in and starting to learn more about And I think there might be an intersection between those two. So we'll see what happens Definitely, definitely. I um, we have somebody locally that works with mustangs and does endurance riding and she's able to do it barefoot because their their feet are so good and You know, you know about the proprioception and how you know, just how important that hoof flex can be but I think I mean with a thoroughbred it might not be pot You know, you alls are adjusting to fit the horse So it may not be possible for horse like that with the mustangs. I mean, they're just built to go Do that sort of thing and they're they're so sturdy So that's pretty cool that that you're looking at doing that Yeah, and I've had the pleasure of um of working with several mustangs Mostly ones that people had actually like they had adopted training wasn't going well And then they came to came to me to help with the training the horses and I just found them to be wonderful horses and really a pleasure to work with like just so intelligent and just tough, you know hardy horses, so uh, yeah, but I'm you know looking at it from the bigger picture and Just the all the challenges that go with it both politically as well as training solutions It's something that I'm I'm excited about exploring I think that's that's an interesting way to bring bring some Advocacy into into the mix of what you're doing I mean, you are an advocate for for horses and for people learning about horses You're an advocate for both, but I think that brings just a whole other element Into it. So I think that's that's pretty neat that you're going to be be looking towards that So I can't wait to follow along on your journey it's It's if you if you it'll be nice for you in the respect that maybe you're going to be getting them fresh off the range instead of Maybe getting ones that that people are have already fooled around with because I mean as you know that It's so much easier when you have a clean slate versus something with baggage Yes, yeah, absolutely and being a trainer that has specialized in working with behavior problems, which I I really enjoy but that means that I You know, I've done a lot of the horses that that have a lot of baggage And there's a lot more to work through, you know, when I have a young horse that's pretty much been Out in the field and minimal handling, you know to start them is so easy compared Compared to the horses that have had more experience and a lot of that experience not very positive Right, right. Yeah, that's that's cool. So, um I guess what if we haven't touched on anything that you would like to touch on what would be some Last thoughts or messages you'd like to leave the audience with Well, I loved how our discussion kind of took the The route of learning, you know and thinking about different teachers and kind of the process of learning So I I would say for people that are That are wanting to learn and this encompasses whether you're, you know, new to horses or you're just getting back into horses Or if you've been a lifelong equestrian, but you know, you're still Looking to gain more knowledge and better yourself I think if we would actually they could give ourselves a little bit more of the Empathy that we often give the horses, you know, in the sense of like we mentioned earlier breaking down the learning process Being understanding that they have days that are going to be great and they have some days that are just going to be off They can't get as much done And that there's sometimes that you know different horses have Different personalities and different learning styles. It's all the same for us as people And when we can embrace that and be a little bit Perhaps kinder to ourselves in the learning process and all of the different things that come with it, you know With horses and riding since we're doing something that has physical risk Fear is a big part of it and there can be a lot of shame around that And I would just love to see that viewed more as this is just part of the process It's a challenge to to be worked on but it's not something to You know to feel bad about or to feel less than because of so Yeah, that that would be the message that I would want is that you know, that's Learning is a journey. It should be enjoyed if you can look at it with More kindness towards yourself and more of an objective view of trying to Understand how you learn best and how you can best Um You know find the find the teachers that really resonate with you There is unfortunately like at anything. There's some teachers out there that Do not take a positive learning approach and you know, if you feel belittled by or unsafe with a teacher It is it is okay to move on. There's others out there that Can help make it fun again Thank you for that. I think that's an amazing message and so important and It really is going to empower our audience because I think sometimes people People don't get that feeling of empowerment. So thank you. Thank you. I mean that is If anybody wants to rewind and listen to that a couple times that's that is so good to hear So I would like to thank you. Callie for being here today. This has been Just wonderful. You're a great person to talk to you've got so much so much knowledge And I would like to thank everybody for being here. I appreciate you joining in and listening and And I guess until next time happy horsing around Very good. Thank you so much Paula for having me on All right. Thank you. Bye


I'm actually pretty sure that most of you know more about equatorial waves than I do. I mean, you are in the S2S workshop, so this is not really... So if anything occurs to me, errors, please tell me maybe, in fact, any one of you could give a better presentation on that, but it could be good to remind us what these equatorial waves are, and I will try to derive them according to this simple textbook of Houlton in the most easy way possible, reducing the equations as much as possible and hitting very hard the real atmosphere by doing this. So what is what would be the motivation? If we have a field near the equator, let's say it could be a wind field or temperature or I think what many people also use is the outgoing longwave radiation because we have good measure satellite measurements from the 1980s onward, whereas for all the other fields, the direct measurements in the equatorial regions may be not so accurate over large parts. So if you do that and imagine you have a field, you have a field that let's say velocity from x, y and t. Okay, we can look at the variant of this field in spatial space and get some idea what's happening, but what is interesting to do is sometimes to do a spectral transform of this, to transform this into a field of the velocity let's say head as a function of, and in this case it's not actually a function of y, it's a function of the zonal wave number and the frequency or we will call it nu. So we do a spectral transform, a Fourier transform into this space and then analyze the variance of this square essentially. If you do that in the tropical regions and again I guess everybody of you is more familiar with this diagram than I. So if you look at that, then you draw this energy in terms of the frequency nu and the wave number k, the zonal wave number in this case, we are averaging this field or summing the spectra around the equatorial region. Then something striking occurs to us, we can see some increased energy in some bends in this wave number frequency region and there are these kind of straight lines popping out here and there are some other things appearing here and of course you know what these are. What are these? Can we wait and what are these? I knew that you know better than me. So what is this here? It's the MjO. Okay I guess this is something like mixed velocity gravity waves or something like that. So we may ask the question, can we get a theoretical grip on these waves? Can we try to understand them, this power spectrum? Can we try to assess how we can maybe derive this a little bit from equations and then therefore maybe understand a little bit more from this? I just want to show you from my own work this is this model that I'm running, outputs from this model and here I'm doing something in this experiment. I'm prescribing a sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Atlantic in a switch on experiment. So I'm starting from, I compare an experiment with a control experiment and this anomaly is switched on. So at time zero in this diagram is shown the the wind at upper levels trying to take the Pascal average of about the equator and time is running here in days and here's the the longitude and we're here in the Atlantic zero and at time zero there's nothing no perturbation in the fields but then something is happening the SST anomaly, the sea surface temperature anomaly will create a heating in the atmosphere and they will create waves. Somehow the heating at some point creates a vertical motion this vertical motion hits the tropopause and creates equatorial waves all kind of things but also equatorial waves and also here if you follow these lines here these moves to the to the east and these moves to the to the west but with different as you can see the phase speed could be derived by by looking at this envelope here and the phase speeds are very different. So what are these waves? We can also interpret them as some kind of waves we want so these would be again the Kelvin waves that moves to the east and these would be the equatorial Rossby waves that we see here. In a model their waves may not be exactly the ones that were observed but something similar. Okay so so these were the two motivations for deriving this so this will be kind of a this is kind of a really a master level lecture but I guess it's anyway good to remind of as what is going on. So what I'm trying to do here is to derive these these these spectra in these waves using the shallow water model which is the simplest model you can use to derive these waves. The shallow water model has almost nothing to do with the real atmosphere okay because it assumes constant density no divergence many things horizontal velocities that are independent of height many things that are not true in the real atmosphere yet this very simplified model can be used to derive some properties of these waves. There will be a problem coming back in the end because we're using we're using in the shallow water models parameters that we have no idea what scale to what what what number to put with these parameters and these parameters in the end we will have to adjust according to the observed phase velocities because we cannot really derive them from from observations of this quantity because this quantity doesn't exist in the real world in the real atmosphere. So so again these are the the the assumptions of this shallow water model which is a really hitting the atmosphere extremely hard but it's still surprising that the solutions of these equations are even you know we can derive something analytically which is which is the reason why we are trying to use these equations and some of the solutions look like the observed properties at least you know disregard the vertical structure but still the solutions are even more complicated than we would expect the solution of these equations. So we assume that we have an incompressible fluid with a constant density that that the flow that we are considering is is such that the horizontal velocities do not depend on height. This assumption is of course wrong in the tropics in particularly in the exotropic sometimes you make this assumption some we call this barotropic model you find those kind of perturbations. In the tropics this is usually exactly not the case particularly imagine the case of a heating in the tropics and so induced heating we get a surface convergence and at upper level divergence so no way the horizontal velocities could be independent of height. So in the interpretation of what we derive is then we interpret it to be valid not for the whole troposphere but maybe either for the upper troposphere or for the lower troposphere but in order to make a connection between the two one has to to make some additions that that will come back have you ever heard of the Gill model the Gill responds to an atmospheric heating some of you have heard that also there this this problem the model is based on the same equations in this problem will come back very very severely because in the Gill model we make the same assumptions that we do here so this is very very great assumption so essentially we are starting with the with the horizontal equations of motion and with the hydrostatic approximation there's still not nothing yet wrong about these equations because these are these equations are valid okay then you remember if you do the if you write down the continuity equation and you assume that the density is constant this is the divergence free equation of course just to remind you how do you arrive the shallow water equations we integrate the hydrostatic equation vertically from from an arbitrary height to the top of the medium so we assume that we actually have a have a fluid that can change which the height of the fluid can change and variations of this height gradients in this height can then determine us flow within the fluid that's the very simple assumption if we if we use these equations so so what we get is we can transform the pressure gradient force with the hydrostatic equation and something that looks like this the gradient of the of D times the height of our of our shallow water so if we insert this in the equations okay we get we get this so in principle we are now we have we have two equations the two horizontal equations of motion so by the way what are what are the what are the terms here the local change of velocity this is the advection of the of the velocity the pressure gradient term we we named this already and the Coriolis force the Coriolis force of course is interesting because one may naively believe close to the equator it's zero and therefore we can set this to zero but it turns out that the Coriolis force is extremely relevant for the equatorial weight too so what we can do now is to to use the divergence free so yeah the problem is that we have two equations and three variables still because there is this geopotential height or the height of the of the medium that we we need something else to close the system and that that is delivered by the continuity equation which again we can integrate vertically and derive from this an equation for the height of our system so the the height here of our system fulfills the continuity equation so with this last equation our set of equations or our shallow water equations complete and these equations again have nothing to do with the real atmosphere but can be used to derive some properties of the real atmosphere what we of course we would like to to solve this equation the set of equation analytically in order to understand something we could integrate them numerically starting with some initial conditions and we could solve them we want to solve in order to understand a to get something like a dispersion relationship or something like this we would like to solve these equations analytically of course the problem is immediately these equations are non-linear we are kind of lucky because they are only not really non-linear in this advection term so what we usually do is we linearize these equations around the basic state in order to be able to solve them because non-linear equations cannot very difficult very complex to solve analytically so so what we do is we linearize them a route and we we make it very easy for us we assume that the basic state has zero flow but this probably this assumption could be easily removed by assuming some some some mean flow in the zonal direction some kind of Doppler shift to the solutions that we find but the most easy easy way to solve these equations just to assume no basic flow then linearization is very simple because the non-linear term doesn't give us any additional contribution just vanishes we assume that second order quantities are zero small compared to the first order quantities all the other terms are already linear apart from this equation where we get a get a contribution from the mean height and importantly at the equator we do this also in the mid latitudes sometimes we look for solutions of these equations we assume some kind of approximation of the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude so we assume that the the Coriolis parameter can be expressed as a as a constant term plus something that linear depends on the original direction the thing is that this is a Taylor series expansion this term at the equator becomes zero the Coriolis term so what we get is only a linear dependent Coriolis term in our equations no constant term if we solve these equations in the mid latitudes we would these raw equations as they are where no filtering has been yet really applied to then we would we would we could assume in that equation that that we can use here instead of beta y we could use f0 because you can assume with work if we remain close to our base point then the Coriolis falls is mainly due to this mean term in that case we can also solve the equations for the for the mid latitudes we can solve these equations on what the solutions are inertia very fast moving inertia gravity waves with the with the phase speed in this case okay the height of the medium and then plus f0 over k square f square so some kind of gravity waves modified by the by the fact that the earth is rotating so in the mid latitudes these equations I could solve them you know everybody of us could solve them immediately by inserting Fourier components here just no problem immediately you could derive the problem here is it's a it's a slight problem that this is a linear equation we have linearized it but the there are no constant coefficients constant coefficients would make it very easy to solve these equations which is the case for the mid latitudes but for the equator it's not the case there is this this linear varying coefficient of this of this independent variable multiplied with velocity perturbations here so this causes a problem to solve this equation immediately but but of course we try to solve these equations in some ways so and what turns out to be successful I'm I always I'm not good at solving equations anyway but you know you can dream a solution and try if it if it solves your problem so let's say we dream this kind of approach we have an amplitude function that only depends on the original direction and we have waves we assume waves sine waves cosine waves that move in the zonal direction and this this if you if we insert this in these equations it turns out to be a good a good approach because as you as you remember from basic physics if we if we have derivatives applied to this then if we calculate the derivative here with respect to time we get the we get the frequency down and then the sine and cosine they just repeat and if we built the derivative with respect to x we get the wave number the zonal wave number out we have only to continue to use the derivative with respect to this amplitude function if you do this this is very straightforward we get all the for the time derivatives we get all the down from this approach the I knew and then the amplitude function we have divided by the by the e to the power of I and so on to get this this equation for the of our amplitude functions that only depend in on the original direction so again in the mid latitude at this point we would have been the solution would have been there we would have a dispersion relationship the mid-latitude we would have this as our dispersion relationship and we have done we are done here we still have to do some work because we have to solve this for our amplitude functions we are not yet this is not yet solved but you can do some some manipulation you insert one equation in the other and yeah if you do that some remarks here okay if you do that if you insert one in the other here you get the set of two equations here now we try to eliminate between these equations the the mirage in a velocity no the the the height the geopotential height and just get an equation for the but take into account that once we do that we so we divide this by by this factor here and insert this in this equation there we bring this to the other side divide this here we have assumed that this is different from zero okay this something that comes back later so when we're in doing this when eliminating here the the height field we is we are assuming that this here this factor is different from zero and we get this second order differential equation for the original velocity again this equation would be very easy to solve it is in fact the the solution for harmonic oscillator so we come back to we would be immediately back to waves which is the solution that we can derive in the in the mid-legitudes if this factor is was was zero but with this factor this equation again it's an equation with non-constant coefficient so we have we have this problem again and an additional when when when seeking solutions to this mathematicians of course have to take into account that the solutions could should decay away from the equator the the physical reasoning is that when when when doing our approximation f equals f naught plus beta y we we are assuming that that our base point always remains close to the equator so if we go too far away from the equator this is not valid anymore our assumption that our f naught is zero in principle so we have physically we have to to look for solutions that stay close to the equator or put differently decay away if we go away from the equator so therefore these waves that we are looking for almost because of how we we pose our equations are equatorially trapped they have to decay away from the equator so they should be equatorially trapped now and this is something I I have not proven but clever mathematicians have shown that this solution says only the solutions of this are only such that they fulfill this property we can only find solutions that decay away from the equator if this if this factor multiplied by the scaling essentially this factor here fulfills that this is an odd number so 2n plus 1 where n goes from some number so this has to be an odd number and this actually now is our dispersion relationship here we have the dispersion relation now we have a relationship that gives our frequency dependency on wave number and this is what we know as dispersion relationship there's still this parameter n which in principle is still free to vary this n can be can vary and it turns out later that this n is a is the number of nodes we have in the in the original direction of our solutions that eventually decay but before they completely decay they can have some oscillations on the away from the equator so essentially this is our dispersion relation now you do a trick you do a transformation of a variable so you introduce this new variable zeta instead of y and then the the equation looks like this way where we have inserted that this bracket was was equal to this this odd number in principle and again this is often the case okay this equation thank God has been solved already because this is a great this is the equation for the for the harmonic simple harmonic oscillator in known from quantum mechanics for the Schrodinger equation in some ways leads to this this kind of problem so thank God people have solved this equation already and and the the solutions that you find are given by what is called Hammett polynomials so the the solutions as a function of this scaled original coordinate are equal to the to this Hammett polynomial where for each n we can we can find a different one times this this exponential here in fact if you insert this approach in this equation for each n this is the defining relationship for hermit polynomial so if you fall for this hn for the first one for the zero term equal to one insert this here you will find then yeah that that that is the solution and so on so this inserting this here gives us the defining property for for hermit polynomial and the first few ones you can iterate them as many as you as you want the first few ones I have this structure the first one is just a constant so for the for the zero one here where the hermit polynomial is one we get a Gaussian distribution around the equator we get something that decays with a with a squared of the original distance from the equator a Gaussian a Gaussian distribution around the equator however the other ones have some kind of before they decay eventually because this exponential term will always give you if you go far enough a decay is a is a is dominating but there's some there's some polynomials that may change sign in between so we are looking for the case n equal to zero and because here we have to use something that so n equal to zero means that we are looking for very this our original structure is very simple because we are looking for the simple Gaussian decay which may be relevant in reality imagine we have some kind of symmetric heat and so like symmetric heating at the equator then that may force waves that you know have not so much complex original structure but have a very simple structure around the equator and then decay if we go away from the equator also because the heating goes away so I guess it's a physical physical reason why this this most simple case is probably the most relevant one and so we insert this in in our dispersion relationship that we had above and we can do a factorization if you do some some manipulation of this equation we find that there is this factorization however one root here that would give us the phase velocity is equal to this negative gravity wave speed like the westward perfect even gravity wave is not permitted because remember when we divided before we have excluded that this factor was zero that was here when eliminating when eliminating here the the height field we have assumed that this is different from zero therefore the solution is simpler we get just one we just have to require instead of this third order polynomial we got just just get the second order polynomial and the solution is this already it quite complicated from this from what are the ingredients in this square root there is a beta which is the core related to the Coriolis force and there is the the d times h term which is related to the gravity waves so it's kind of it's clear that we have a mixture of of gravity and inertia and rospy waves going on your rospy waves because in fact the beta here is determining also the rospy wave speed you remember the the phase velocities of rospy waves I guess this is all important so the phase velocities of ros of rospy waves in the extra tropics how do they depend on beta and the wave number you remember that for equal beta beta over k square was a highly dispersive are those ways and and it turns out okay there we have so essentially if if if k is goes to zero then this term becomes very dominant and we get some in the end something like inertia gravity waves out of that but if k is is relatively small in the synoptic size you can you can show you can show that this term for synoptic type waves like wave numbers four five three something like that you can show that this is a small term then if you so we have something like one plus x here okay to the square root if you then do a Taylor series expansion you would get something like one half plus minus one half one plus one half of this x value so that would be for beta k square then okay the positive the positive root for the positive root we can essentially then since this we assume that this is a small term this can be ignored and and we get something like gravity wave because this this is determining there that would be the gravity wave speed for the positive root so that would be the eastward propagation for the westward propagation the negative root here this this one half goes out with this one half and what it will be remaining is k e h e that goes also we get one half one fourth four beta over k square so so to a first approximation this goes out this goes out we go back to our exactly to our rosby ways phase speed so for for synoptic type wave numbers our our westward propagating waves at this at this for this simple equatorial solution are approximately again let's do it this way our the same phase speed as our rosby ways in the extra tropics the same dispersion relationship that we can derive for our rosby ways in the extra tropics oh sorry yes yes because this is the frequency so so c is new over k sorry yes yeah so we divide this by the by the wave number and then we get our phase velocity which is the rosby ways so so yeah okay that's that's then interesting so we get we get this rosby waves that propagate with the same phase velocity that we are used from the extra extra tropics we get these rosby ways at the equator equatorially trapped and they move to the to the west just as our rosby ways in the extra tropics one special case is a kelvin wave the kelvin ways are usually the the the prototype for kelvin waves we we find in the oceans kelvin waves are usually something that is that are very important in the ocean where we have borders for example the classical example of a kelvin wave is if you have a bathtub and you you create motion you will find that the maximum amplitude of waves moving around your bathtub is at the border because there's some kind of the border induces convergence and at the border we get the maximum height of our perturbations and the decay towards the inner of your of your of the bathtub and move around that so this border gives us a kelvin wave type behavior in the atmosphere we usually do not have borders but interestingly the equator for the atmosphere at least in this property and for the dispersion relationship as if as if it was a something like a border that's the interesting feature so however there's a trick in order to derive kelvin waves we simply assume and this is the game probably based on observational findings that this is a relevant case if we set the original velocity exactly to zero so for kelvin waves the original velocity component is exactly zero and then we may find different solutions to this to this equation it becomes simple because this drops out this drops out and this drops out so that the solutions become much simpler but we have assumed purely horizontal motion in the kelvin wave so good thing is that the set of equations really becomes now simple so simple that even I would be able to to solve this equation everybody would be able to solve this equation so if we insert if you eliminate now from this set of equations phi between these two so we with the derivative with respect to y here and so this here we get we get this equation here yeah we get this equation here but if we if we derive this far yeah if we solve this for these two then we get a relation for our for our original velocity for our zonal velocity original velocity was zero but zonal velocity has some structure around the equator and this structure we can derive by solving this equation again you can dream a solution I dream a solution if I dream this solution insert this here it can be shown that this is the solution so again we have a gaussian structure around the equator just as before for our simple rosby wave solutions now but now before it was for the original velocity component now for the zonal velocity component we find a gaussian structure around the equator but there's something here because from the dispersion relationship this one here this value c could be positive or negative because we take the square root so it could be plus or minus square root of g times h however clearly if we if we insert the negative c value here then our our perturbations in the zonal velocity would not decay exponentially away from the equator but would increase exponentially as we go away from the equator so we have to include exclude the solution so they can only one for carrying ways they can be only one direction in which they can move and this is eastward so that this has to be the positive root which means eastward wave propagation equatorial rosby waves westward cabin ways eastward and and it's also from this equation it's probably useful to derive the distance from the equator for which the waves become small so let's say one over one over e one almost one-third the e-folding distance with respect to the equator if you just depends on this factor here so if you can work out that the e-folding distance is is this 2c divided by beta square root of this now we have to insert an observed value for c this is a trick here because in theory we know that for this case c equals square root of of the height that we have assumed no one no one scientist can tell us how we should pick this height of our system we use the trick we eliminated and we just use the phase velocity which we can derive from measurements and if we use measurements for the phase velocity we we get a e-folding scale of about 1500 kilometer so the k-wing waves decay quite rapidly if we leave the equator for for the atmospheric case this is of course depends on what problem we are looking at interestingly if you if you do it the other way around you would say so this is 30 meter per second this is a typical phase velocity we can derive for Kelvin waves if we square this we get nine okay let's say 1000 we divide this by 10 so the typical our scale height would be 100 meter I have no idea what the meaning of this height is okay there's a so here's the problem we cannot use any reasonable height in this in this simple set of equations to derive the phase velocity of the Kelvin ways or Rosby ways or any of the ways we have to use observed values this is the caveat we get from over simplifying our system in a way such that okay this this height yeah it's not interesting so it's actually quite intuitive these are the these are two cases for the the upper one is the is the simple it's K-wing wave and here is a Rosby wave for the Kelvin wave it's actually quite intuitively from the motion in this wave to derive the phase velocity it's very simple because these these are the zonal velocities here and these are the this is the height perturbation so negative height perturbation here positive height perturbation there in the velocity field the zonal velocity field is such that it is maximum in these in the also in the centers of the of the height field but look at this what would happen in this in this region here in this region here we have a divergence of our flow divergence of the flow means that we lose mass there that means that this low or height in our simplified case this low pressure that is sitting here will have the tendency to move over here so that gives us an intuitive understanding for the for why Kelvin waves are moving to the east because the the velocity in them is such that the horizontal velocity field is such that it promotes wave propagation in the in this direction okay and then you can of course come back to you can actually draw these dispersion diagrams new with respect to K and for even for different values of n and so on for our Rosby ways and for the Kelvin ways the Kelvin ways in such a diagram are linear give us a linear relationship because because the phase speed does not depend on the on the on the wave number but the Rosby waves are more complicated depending on the on the on the original wave number and on the zonal wave number they they can have different more complicated behavior and of course this remains us this reminds us of our initial diagram so that's the reason now you can interpret this diagram theoretically and say okay this this increased energy that we see here fits to the dispersion relationship the linear dispersion relationship we can derive for Kelvin waves and and it's not it's not so clear actually for the equatorial Rosby ways because the idealized line would follow here but in this spectrum okay it's the real world sometimes can be more complicated but in some ways they are following this this property this face dispersion relationship for equatorial Rosby ways in some ways these waves now will be on Friday I will give a second lecture on on the Enzo phenomenon and the positive atmosphere and ocean feedback and as you can imagine the Kelvin and Rosby wave solutions they play a fundamental fundamental role of the adjustment of the atmosphere to a to Enzo phenomenon in the ocean in the atmosphere but also in the ocean we will we will apply the same kind of solutions that we have applied here for the atmospheric case because we have specified phase velocities that are valid more or less for the atmosphere we will also use them for the ocean and the the the atmosphere and ocean adjustment they work together the wave adjustments work together in order to create a very interesting positive feedback so the the waves that we have derived here are crucial in setting up this equilibrated response because the waves are very quick and then so imagine an Enzo phenomenon will take months to develop if you if you have followed the 2015 El Nino event it has developed already in spring maybe a little bit earlier and is still there if you look at look at daily maps it doesn't change so much the waves that we have been looking at within one day they they've traveled along around the globe so so this Enzo phenomenon is kind of providing a low frequency forcing for these waves and we have to look how these waves equilibrate in order to provide some kind of feedback to this to this Enzo phenomenon and this is what we what we derive in the lecture on Friday this is okay timing okay do you have any questions that someone else then can answer someone understands more


This study proposes a new type of gas sensor based on a combination of two types of emzene materials, P2CTX and V2O5. This sensor was found to have superior performance compared to other similar sensors, including better selectivity and faster response times. It also had a lower detection limit and longer lifetime. This article was authored by Sanjit Manohar Modji, Ashraf Ali, Yarsiyi Grace and others.


Thank you very much for having me yet again. I see you really care about the young people of this nation and that's why every time you have a chance, you get us to come and talk about it. You are most welcome always. And of course next to him is none other than Kaberia Baru who is a political analyst. Thank you so much and welcome to the show. Yes, and I want us to begin with what transpired yesterday in Kishao constituency in Murangaa County where the Changa-Changa team and Keleweka team and apparently staged all over like they were up for fundraising which apparently ended up chaotic. Well, I'll say Kenya has lacked political hygiene for a very long time and yesterday was just a manifestation of the purportedly to bring development to a constituency. When you're the member of parliament, you don't go to the standings. If you don't agree with me, have a parallel event. Call your own people, do a fundraiser. In that case, that constituency will have two fundraisings. So, development will come faster. So, I would like to call out this young leader to ask him to behave with decorum when it comes to public affairs because yesterday there was totally uncalled for causing commotion in church with senior members. That's the worth it can get. So, team Changa-Changa, team Keleweka, it doesn't matter if at the end of the day Monanchi is going to get served. Let's not buy into these shinani guns. They were looking to cause drama, they cause drama. Now they have a tension, we are talking about them. This is not how to do things. Right. Kakabere, as we get your insight on the topic that transpired yesterday, do you think we are fighting or rather we have a supremacy battle between Keleweka and Tanga-Changa? Yes, definitely there is a big supremacy battle and this is something which has been in play for a long time. And it's just like yesterday one of the instances which came up and it was a clear manifestation of the battle which has been there. Looking at the various addresses which has been there from the president and even the deputy president on let's stop the issue of politics especially from the president and focus on delivering fast before we were talking about the 2022. And we have seen a very clear division between the members of parliament allied to different sides and each one of them tried to call others' names basing on this one after money, this one is after this and that. But not looking at even the yesterday's incidents, what happened in Kiharu, I think where did Nyoro and Maena commander clash. We can see a lot of political and hyginess has really put it very clear and this is something which is very unfortunate bearing in mind even the place where they were, it's even in a church and this shows how even the church has been so much misused to be even the podium whereby the politicians are settling this course. And we have seen this not only in Kiharu, it's also happened in Vika at some time whereby we had clashes of members of parliament aligned on those different missions. So this is not just a responsibility of even the politicians only but also the church elders and the leaders, this is the real time they stamp on the authority and be able to control the political atmosphere by who they give the mic and stand on the podium on the basis of politics. Is the church justified to bring in political politicians rather than to give them the microphones during church services? In fact, let me say I fellowship with Catholic church. Even the bishop or the cardinal on this regard I would be very strict on this. Sometime we hand the bishop of Anglican church who really stood and said that we don't want to have the politicians misusing the podium but people do not buy that well. But what you need, it's not to say that politicians should not be given the microphone. But we need to have a very good moderation on how and even when to do that. If they have come for addressing, if they have come to fellowship let them come just as the way the normal members are and let them not take much of the time of the church there is that being after the service and let it be clear that this is not a political podium. If you have to give us contribution of that well and good don't play politics with it. If it is tight there is a very even clear structure even in the Bible now people shouldn't tight. You should not create a short of that which will definitely create a lot of tension. I wouldn't want us to dwell so much on the church aspect but I wouldn't want us to dwell on the part of the Jubilee party and I'd like probably you, Muthiora, can use this microphone this one is breaking a little bit. Muthiora, I see that you have some point that you'd like to air and this is my question. Both Kiela, Wakintanga, Tanga of course are all of them from Jubilee regime. Do you think that Jubilee is heading for a downfall? Well, we know that Jubilee was formed to win the 2017 election. It did that. It served its purpose. That's the fate of all political parties in Kenya. They are formed just to win elections. So to expect that Jubilee is going to offer leadership to this nation it's like expecting to get water out of a stone. It's not going to happen. Jubilee served its purpose. We have this government running. It's not going to be there going forward. In 2022 Jubilee will not be what we see it today. Alright, so Jubilee is heading for a downfall? It's not headed for a downfall. Jubilee is down as we speak. Alright. You can see the kind of debate we've had in parliament where we couldn't even agree on revenue allocation and yet Jubilee has majority in both sanate and parliament and yet they could not agree to move the nation forward. One house had to pull back. If Jubilee was not down, that would not have happened. Alright. I'm prompted to ask this question. Ruto has at several occasions said that he's going to vie for presidency and you said that Jubilee actually is on a downfall. Where do you think Ruto will stand in terms of the political party he'll go with? Well, my thought is before 2022 we will see new alliances being formed. Alright. We will see new parties, there will be new players. The deputy president will not have the Jubilee party as we know it heading into 2022. That I can guarantee you. We have the BBI coming up and he's not sitting pretty. We have all these other noise. That's not going to give him a chance to have the Jubilee ticket as Uhuru Kenyatta had it in 2017. I didn't want to studio so much on because I know we can talk about the building bridges initiative that you've just mentioned. But I want us to dive to the main topic of the day. Of course shifting gears all the way to now, the current wage bill. And some of the reports that I have here are quite shocking because when we look at Kenya currently, its wage bill rose from 5 billion to the 2013-2014 of course financial year. And currently we are standing at 7 plus US dollar billion wage bill. Where do you think we are headed when we are looking at this? Because already statistics says that more alarming fact is that the gross domestic product ratio stands at 8.2% which is high above the global recommended rate by 0.79. Already we are far much higher above by 0.75. We should be worried as a nation. Because if we were able to run Kenya back then with the kind of debt to GDP ratio that we had you remember when Kibaki was living office we were doing less than 2 trillion. But right now in just 7 years it has risen to almost 6 trillion. It was 1.7 trillion. 1.7 trillion. Now if in 7 years, if since independence we only got to 1.7 trillion but in 7 years we have risen to almost 6 trillion what does that tell you? That tells you that the kind of leadership we have today is one that is not worried or does not care about our future. So as Kenyans we should be worried. We should look to correct costs because things are not rosy at all. You've had people cry that the economy is tough and indeed it's tough. It's only good for a few lucky people and then those others who are corrupt and well connected but for the majority the economy is hitting them hard. Numbers do not lie. And just like you have mentioned there is the recommended percentage of debt to GDP debt to revenue which should never go beyond 35%. For Kenya it's over 55% right now. All the revenue that we are collecting through our taxes is going into paying wages and salaries and repaying debt. When are we going to develop our nation if we keep on this pattern? Kabere want you to respond or rather give your reactions on this. The government has stated that from now henceforth rather from this year they will be giving out three year contract to any person that probably is by any chance given a government office. My question is will we manage, will we solve the issue of the wage bill despite even the three year contract term? Well I think the wage bill in Kenya is really ballooning and it's a serious crisis and I think what the government was trying to do through the public service board is to bring in a short term measures at least to be able to cut that as even they are trying to think of the long term. But what I'm trying to say is that this is not the way to go if you want to think of really managing the wage bill because this you are thinking of those people already entering the public sector and right now we are having 800,000 an estimate of 800,000 sorry public servants. So if you just say that anyone will be employed will be on a three year contract it means that those who are already in employment you have not been able to put a measure even to be able to control that. So I think the country this is the high time even the leadership should be more futuristic and should even be now looking at various ways on how to be able to manage this because it's very unfortunate when we have huge chunk of the budget going on the recurrent budget that is being meant of salaries and there's no economy which has ever been developed by the recurrent budget it's actually the development budget which should be higher. So I think the government it's the high time they just think of even be able to manage the wage bill by even trying to enhance and strengthen the Salaries and Enumeration Commission which has come up with so many measures but which are not being implemented because of even the lack of goodwill we have hand of duplication of various position in government. You mentioned about lack of goodwill. Yes. Who would you directly say that probably this is the person or rather this is the particular institution that has failed? Definitely it's the executive from the presidency and looking at the various aspects which play when it comes even to the SRC because we have hand of situation whereby the recommendation even not really taken into account. So when we talk of goodwill it means it should come from the top institution from the presidency trickling down and this will also be a good example to the governor because we've also seen a tazo between the governor and even the SRC trying to say that we have some autonomy to protect and so we can be able to increase salary employ more people as we want. So I think there should be a lot of goodwill and also again looking at that the duplication of positions in government. We've seen so many positions and so many like talk of even the nominated and the number of MCS we have in the country a very big number consuming almost 2 billion in the of the budget. Is it something that we really need? So those are the questions, the provocative questions we should be now having as an issue. Probably coming to you Muthiora. The issue he has mentioned about the issue of duplications and these are affected it usually emerges when we are talking about the wage bill in the debt that currently Kenya has. Let's have a look at it from this way. Can merging of public entities and even the duplication try to can these really solve the issue of the wage bill? It can and it will if we do it right because what you do is you pay two people to do the same job obviously that does not make sense. So to get out of our situation first we need to eliminate redundancy and duplication of roles. That's getting it right but then that's not even the problem. The problem with Kenya is number one currently as things are we lack vision. It's not clear what this government wants to achieve. We know that the biggest problem for this nation right now is poverty. That's fooled by unemployment. Now when the top leadership in their wisdom decides to create positions such as the CAS it's not a three-year term job they created and they did this across all ministries.  Is this a government that's serious on fixing what the problem really is? They are just playing games and rewarding their cronies. This is not the way to go and we should see whatever effort they make to hoodwink us and call it as such. All right. I was trying to look at some of the countries that I have tried to merge and deal with the issue of the ghost workers and one among them is Tanzania and Uganda, just our border countries and Tanzania workers reduced the wage bill to 2.47.2 million that is US dollars last year that is in 2018 all the way from 248. The question is not about reduction we should be asking ourselves are we getting value fast and foremost the truth is we are not so what can we do to increase productivity of the country of the persons? Of the persons already employed if you go to a government office you can be sure that number one they don't even put in the time they are supposed to put in and then even when they are at work they were not competently hired there is a skill mismatch people are not able to execute their roles because then the wrong field the wrong posting the nepotism, tribalism that comes into play when you are hiring so the question we should be looking to answer is do we have the right people in the right jobs so that they can create value because the government does not create employment for the nation what they do is are the people who have been hired through our taxes helping to create that environment it's okay if the wage bill balloons but then the GDP is also growing commensurate to whatever we are putting in to pay these civil servants Alright Kabiria do you think we are going anywhere in terms of growth with the current wage bill? Well when you talk about the growth of our nation there are various aspects even on the economic perspective that you really look at as one has mentioned is about the GDP then the other thing is now the production when you look at this country Kenya we import more than we even import the level of industrialization actually when you look it has reduced from 12.4% to 8% meaning that most of the industries and the production have declined looking at even the industries which have collapsed the companies which are even closing down and even moving to our neighbouring Ethiopia and other countries so when you want to look at the growth sometimes it's good to know the economic statistics that we even given that we see growth by 4% or by 5% but look at even the reality of the common one inch are we seeing some changes or some even growth even as one inch when you talk about that we look at even at the hospitals the infrastructure and all that so I think in Kenya when we talk about growth we can't see significance growth as maybe we expected and there's a lot of things which are going wrong and there's a lot of stagnation on some sectors so it's the high time that we really look at what are the things which we need to put in order to go leadership and when we get the issue of leadership then the other beings won't have a problem in fixing them when you mentioned that I want us now to look at Kenya's debt and its impact towards our citizens and did you know that the government of Kenya more than exceeding 100,000 shillings that is just an individual more to it did you know that the country incurred 975.8 billion shillings loan in the 2018-2018 financial year well how do we get to all this President Uhuru Kenyatta inherited a public debt of 1.7 trillion shillings in 2013 from the previous regime of President Maiki Baking and from then we have seen several loans borrowed from different countries in seek to achieve what the government says is its goals which apparently have changed over the past few years with the ones that we had from laptops or the way come now to the four goals that the government has and Central Bank of Kenya showed that the current country's public debt expanded by 15.2% which is 0.851 trillion shillings to heat the 5.89 trillion we are headed to 6 trillion public debt I wanted to look at some of the slides I don't know whether the slide is ready according to the Institute of Economic Affairs the report says that China stands at 6 we owe China 637 billion shillings which is 70.6% second in the rank is Japan with 104.7 billion shillings which is 11.7% and then that we have France which stands at 62.2 billion shillings which of 8 is 7% all the way going to Germany we stand at 35 billion shillings which is 3.9% rather Italy which is the fifth one in the rank it's 15.6 billion shillings which is 1.7% I don't want to look as deep into the rest of the countries I want to take your reactions on this well number one I'll tell you we have mismanaged our economy because how on earth do you accumulate such a huge debt from one country you've seen what the percentage is with China that means our leadership was not looking forward you need to diversify that's something we've not done look at that it says we have borrowed our debt portfolio we owe 70.6% to China so if things today did not go right and we messed up our relationship with China and they said you have to pay us today we fold up as a nation now this is something we should not do I'm glad the economic hitman we had in the CS Henry Rotich he's on his way to committee because this is one person who has done this nation a great disservice while he was a CS our debt moved from 1.7 all the way to to 6 trillion it's actually over 6 trillion this is a government that's not very keen even to give you the right figures according to the government it says 5.8 now yes the same government that says that the unemployment amongst the youth is less than 20% so these figures when they are given to you you have to take them with a pinch of salt now obviously when all your revenue goes into recurrent expenditure that's debt payment wages you're not sitting pretty we need to correct the cost that this nation is going on to and unfortunately we start to make a lot of noise and this I'm urging all Kenyans out there and especially the young people who can make sense of what these numbers are they will not take corrective action and will keep sinking deeper into these moras and Kenya will never be great alright, I won't bury before we take before we even take your insight on these or rather you take on these figures I have a question about UK has been a long time business partner since independence with the country and apparently it's not in the list or rather on the list what's the take on that this is a very serious issue because UK has been our strong partner from even the colonial era being they were colonial masters but it's very unfortunate that maybe due to some political reasons because we can't see them in the list and I'm seeing political reasons because they have supported us in so many ways from even finding most of the projects even giving the grants but now when it comes to borong I remember there's a time Teresa May was here with a delegation from the place and those are the some of the issues they were trying to explore and I remember very clearly that the president was saying that we are trying to build the relationship or even the business relationship with the UK so I really don't know what exactly made the relationship go bad so about the political interest and always able even to oil the hands of these politicians well knowing that China they have a very crafty way of doing their own things and you see even the delegation they had called on the president of Africa with very good incentives and all that so that's something which we really need to be very careful on even the incentives which they are giving for us to take the loans because these loans are not the grants so they are making some good money out of that Alright and I want to take your views on this particular issue because when you mention about debt it has to come along with collaterals apparently the government has not become clear of what has been given out it's alleged that among them is JKA of which it's on allegation as it stands but the government keeps on saying that they'll air out, they'll give to the public some of the collaterals they have given In December the president said he was going to disclose all the details about the SGR when he was speaking at State House in Mombasa to date he has yet to give those details Nine months down the line Yes, which means there are some things that are not very nice that have been hidden in the fine print of the contracts we've entered into with China so talking about collaterals again like I say we should be very very worried about how our government is doing business you've mentioned JKA it's possible that some of our national assets could have been put as collaterals unfortunately we do not know the finer details of the contracts we've entered into or these leaders have entered into so what I need for us to do is to remain vigilant we need to keep asking these questions when these leaders come to church to politic we should tell them to sit down we should tell them to tell us what exactly it is they do with the mandate that we gave them because we did not elect them to talk to us we elected them to represent us and when they are not giving information about what contracts they are getting into on our behalf they are failing and we should tell them when they are failing and demand from them that they give us this information so we need to ask our members of parliament to go back to the August house and do duty for this nation before we even talk to you let me ask you we have seen several presidents coming to Kenya of which bilateral trade agreement have been signed we have even learned exactly that's what I wanted to mention when they come here they are not necessarily coming here for our own goods they are coming here for their selfish interests I know about Kenyan government officials who have been given land in the DRC we know that our president has dished out land of course they go there under the disguise that they are representing the people of Kenya but then whatever gains that accrue from such deals are personal they are for themselves they are cronies and they are families our president has given land to South Sudan to Uganda of course these are our business partners but then are these beneficial to us we should not just accept things because we feel like we are in a helpless situation no we are not in a helpless situation what we need to do is to petition our leaders and especially those in parliament that yes we've done 2 years the way that we've done them yes there is the handshake and everything that's going on but then they must remember that they are there because they are supposed to oversight this government they are supposed to represent us they are supposed to be taking care of the interests of the Kenyan people let them canvas these matters in the flow of the house and hold this government to account Beru do you think we as a country we are struggling in terms of leadership in terms of even impact from the leaders yes definitely we are really struggling in terms of leadership because when we talk about leadership it is on the value and the impact to which they are able to create to the people who put them in power and looking at even the various leadership we have especially on the political leadership we have not really been able to get the real value in terms of even the economic development also the social services and even on the political space and this is something which we can be able to see it even at the common grassroots level go even to the common one inch everyone they are really complaining that the economy is unbearable sometime you go even to the public utilities and you don't find the services which should be getting go even to the hospitals we have so many hospitals without drugs we have schools without enough teachers and we've seen even the drought crisis in Kenya at this age of time whereby we have a government in place people dying of hunger or this is not because of the issue of climate as we talk about this is an issue of leadership because with the proper leadership you are able to put up proper team you are able to put up even proper policies which are able to mitigate all these factors and I think this is a problem which we should look at as Kenyans or even who are the people which we entrust with the leadership positions is it based on the financial muscles is it based on the way for them, the family, the denasties and all that is the high time we will look at the marking scheme we are having to be able to elect the leaders that we put in office I don't want to talk so much about disaster management which has been a main issue for the past few few few years in the country in terms of drought strengthening areas some of the countries in the country but I want us to stick to the topic of the day and I'm looking at the country as by distance do you think we have the ability and the capability to pay the monies it is by 2030 when we are supposed to have full feed of a vision 2030 well Kenya is a very wealthy nation Alex if you may recall we recently exported crude we have a lot of other minerals that are yet to be explored and harnessed so as they can benefit this nation he just gave you the numbers about our manufacturing dwindling how can our manufacturing be doing so badly when we have such a big number of people who are unemployed we just don't have our priorities right Kenyans have been paying taxes if you look at the KRA records there is not a single year when the numbers have not gone up which means we have the potential we've been building capacity but unfortunately we've been destroying value through this thing we call corruption these thivari the stealing the looting of public resources is what's hurting this nation so the vision 2030 blueprint it can still be actualized we've gone slower than we could have because we concentrated on things we should never have focused on the short term goals some leaders want to show that we are delivering but in the long run we can still meet a lot of the targets that we had set for ourselves in the vision 2030 blueprints do you think the jubilee government will manage to probably fulfill their four goals? not at all if a simple goal such as the one they said about delivering stadiums they have not delivered even a single stadium seven years since they made that promise how do you expect they are going to provide housing for over 50 million Kenyans how do you expect that the dream of universal healthcare is going to come through but we must keep exerting pressure on them because manufacturing needs to work young people need jobs we need to come out of poverty Kenyans are ready to work and the environment looking at our level of education our enthusiasm passion investors are ready to come as long as the government is willing to provide the right kind of an environment many thanks to the implement for making it here but before we wind up I want to give each and everyone a few seconds to just give you a parting shot thank you so much and my parting shot will be so specific to the viewers because I believe that each and every person has a responsibility when it comes to the direction the country will take and now as the time we even contemplating on even the next elections this is the high time we now change our thoughts on terms of leadership so that we are able to give an opportunity to even young leaders with vision not even looking necessarily as where they come from so it's the high time as the young people and even as the Kenyan people put into leadership people with vision and also people with the love and kindness for the humanity as opposed even to people with the monies and all that and that's how we'll be able to change most of the things which are affecting this country well I would like to appeal to all Kenyans and especially the young people that we've gotten to a stretch where we must stay walk you saw yesterday what happened in Muranga what matter that it's a church politicians are going to out do it other just to capture the limelight let us be vigilant let us remember that it's not too late we can recall these leaders that clouds has been activated we are within that threshold let us get value for our money there is not accession without representation let us demand the very best from our leaders thank you for making it here and we much appreciate it as well we look forward of course to have some other engagement some other day many thanks there has been youth and politics looking at some of the things and some of the statistics that we have in the country relating to the wage bill and of course the public debt that is everyday skyrocketing and affecting some of the things that we look at in terms of infrastructure and everything that relates to the economy my name is Karanja Alex many thanks for keeping it here this is Y254 many thanks