Hello everybody and welcome to our SWC Spotlight Webinar. This is the one that we wait for all semester long because it is our Canvas course showcase. So we are going to be taking a look into a couple of colleagues' classes to see how they're using Canvas with their students. So today we have Mikaela Vargas, Summer Mead, and Chris Hayashi with us. And we are going to be taking a look at a great variety of different tools and ways of teaching in Canvas. First up is English instructor Mikaela Vargas who is going to share with you one of the most humanizing instructor videos I think I have ever seen. You're going to love this. Hello everybody. Hopefully you can hear me alright. Last summer I decided that I would make a welcome video for my students. I spent about a week filming various places where I was spending my summer vacation and then I created this welcome video to share in my discussion group. I was inspired by the DEFT online training course I took last spring. I really love that course. I've been teaching online since 2003, the dark ages of online teaching, and I thought I knew a bunch of stuff. But the DEFT training really got me excited again, refreshed my energy, and it was great. So I spent last summer creating a brand new course in Canvas using new sources, new books, do everything because I just wanted everything to be nice and new and clean. So at the end of the summer I thought I really need to do some video and I thought I'll make a welcome video for my students. And so it didn't really take as long as you might think. Trace is going to show you part of it. I think it's about five minutes long. I made it over a week while I was on vacation and my goals were to motivate my students to get excited about the course, to share a little bit about myself because as you know when you teach online there's a huge distance and it's hard to really get to know the students. So I thought if I start the very beginning opening up my life and my world and my vacation to my students they'll feel like you know we're getting to know each other and I'm not just another computer that they're coordinating with. So I did that and I also tried to have fun and try to be a role model for my students like I always do to show them that it's important to give it your best in everything you do. So that's sort of the theme of the video. So I think that's a good enough introduction. If you want to share the video Tracey you can go ahead. Okay so poof here we are in Michaela's class and you'll notice that we're in a discussion area. So she has her discussion introduction here and then the first person to post in her discussion is her. So this this video appears in her discussion. We're actually going to view it full screen but if we were to look below this we would see all of the students who responded to her video because now she's she's not just the instructor she's a real person who's in the class with them. So we'll talk about that a little bit after the video. Oh hello. It looks like summer's winding down. I think it's time for me to tell you what's in store for you this fall. First of all my name is Michaela Vargas. I've been teaching college English for about 19 years. For the last 10 years I've been focusing on online teaching which I really really enjoy. I'm always surprised every semester about the connections and meaningful interactions I have with my online students. So hopefully this will be another wonderful productive semester. In case you're wondering how I spent my summer vacation I thought I'd make a little video to give you a glimpse into my life. Maybe the observant student might guess where this was filmed. Anyway, whenever I had downtime my favorite thing to do was read a book but I also had a lot of better hobbies this summer. It's time to tell you a little bit about the course. Some of you may not be totally stoked about signing up for an English composition course but my goal is to change your mind over the next 16 weeks. Now of course we're going to be focusing on writing research, all the things you need for academic success but you'll also hopefully find that the readings we're going to do are full of interesting ideas and philosophies. I'm available online every day. I promise to respond to your emails within 24 hours but usually a lot sooner. I really love getting to know my students so please don't be shy and reach out to me. Also on Mondays I have live chat office hours so if you need a question answered right away send me a chat ping on Gmail. Have you ever wondered what the meaning of life is or what we're here for or why should we be happy? Well I don't promise to answer those questions but we've got a lot of exciting interesting readings in which we'll delve into topics just like this. So you can do your work at lunch in the middle of the night while you're at work while you're waiting outside for your kids to the internet or read your text but I recommend all of you make a schedule to get lost in the middle of the night. It's really important to engage in the course this semester. It's a discussion post. You're not just talking to computers. You're talking to real humans that want to hear what you have to say. The more energy and effort you put into this course the more you'll get out of it. Remember you're paying for this course, you bought the books, you're taking time off to do your studies so you might as well get the most out of your money, right? I hope that you enjoy the course but also that you put in all your energy, enthusiasm and time. Alright and it's my goal that none of you feel isolated during the online experience. So whenever you need help just ask for it. Email me, use your fellow students and don't forget the wonderful campus resources. Alright, time to dive in. Wow, people are giving this video tons of kudos in our chat. So, Michela, can you tell us a little bit about how your students responded to this? Students were real positive. Don't get me wrong, the video didn't like change our course and make this most amazing, brilliant course. It kind of, the buzz died out after a few days and then the video was done and nobody watched it. But for me, it set a tone, a couple of students made comments like this video gives me the warm fuzzies and thanks for the warm welcome. So they, I think it gave a tone of welcome, warm feelings. And a couple students commented that motivated them to put more effort before they wrote their introduction. So it set the bar high for really putting some effort into introduction. A couple of them said it seems like you really love what you do teaching and learning. So that was nice that they got that. My best comment was, but let's be honest, the real star of the show was that amazing Pomeranian. So yeah, my dog kind of stole the show. But yeah, generally, they're good. In another course that I taught, after I showed the welcome video, about 10 weeks later, students had to create their own video, they had to write and perform a speech. So a couple of them said they're really nervous, but they were motivated by my video. So it was, it wasn't like a huge deal for the course, but I think it just created a tone that was helpful throughout the semester. When they see that you have a pet, especially your dog who's just bounding in and bounding out.  And your students see how much time you put into this. And then they feel like they're in really good hands, because you obviously care about this class. And you're obviously present, even even during the summer, you're still present in the class. Yeah. And then it's interesting what you said about how that gave them the courage to make their own videos, because your video was not formal, right? And it was fine if you took video with, you know, your diving mask on or popping out of the pool, because what you wanted to do was connect with your students. And I think that really frees people from the nervousness that comes with making videos sometimes. Yeah. So somebody wants to know how did you get the shot of the beach? Oh, my husband has a drone he's been playing with. So after he videoed me speaking, he cut and he sent his drone up to film me. It's like his hobby. So yeah, that was pretty lucky that I have him on my side. As for close captioning, it was very easy. I just sent a link to Darlene Poisson at Disabled Student Services. She sent me back the closed caption link built into YouTube. It was very easy and very cool. Yeah.  Yeah, I decided I'm gonna do the same thing over winter break and make a winter welcome for everybody. And then I'll probably use those over the next few years. So I'll have to make a video every semester. So that's, I'm sketching out my ideas for the winter. Yeah, you were smart to not mention the year or any other Oh, well, that that is probably my favorite video of this entire year. I just don't think anything that I've seen can top that. So thank you so much for sharing it with us. You might have noticed that in McKellis class, she was using groups. So we saw a discussion and it was for a group two. And so summer also uses groups. In fact, she's probably our canvas groups guru. I think she's been using them longer than anybody else on our campus. And so she's going to share with us how that works, how she does it. And she's going to be really showing you what it looks like in the canvas course. So you once we're done here, you should be able to do this for your classes too, if you'd like to. So take it away summer. Hi, everyone. I'm summer.  I'm at my day job and there's a lot going on around me right now. So so you're not watching people walk behind me, I am going to turn off my video, but I wanted to say hi and show you I'm here. So I teach sociology. I've been at Southwestern for almost 10 years now. And I've been teaching online almost that entire time. I typically teach eight week classes and have 35 to 45 students. And I basically found that my discussions were just unmanageable. I was spending, you know, 10 hours a week minimum going through and making sure that I was making contact with each student. And so I was really trying to figure out a way to make it more manageable and decided to try out some group discussions. And that was back in my Blackboard days. And so what I do is I assign students randomly to groups. Canvas makes it super simple to do this in just a matter of seconds. I put them in groups for the first four weeks of our eight week class. And then I reassigned them to new groups in the second four weeks of our eight week class. So that way they have the opportunity to, you know, intermingle with with other students and get to know each other. And really my goal is always looking at the regular effective contact because I feel like discussions are one of the best ways for us to do this. Not to mention, of course, establishing a really strong rapport with them and helping them kind of grow their knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. So I found that when I was doing these really large discussions that students were kind of too anonymous, right? There'd be a lot of discussion in one forum or one thread and not enough in the other. And so this has certainly helped in that way. And I found that people are participating more. I'm seeing a lot more effort going into posts. And the groups themselves have had a lot stronger identity. Sometimes I'll even, depending on the semester in the class, I'll even ask them to come up with a group name and a group motto and that kind of stuff. So I'll show you some of the features in Canvas for groups that go beyond the discussions. So I sign on that first day. I have them tell everybody what their group is and their introductions. And so the the bonds kind of start immediately in that first assignment. This screen shows you what what I see when I'm in Canvas looking at my group discussions. One of the things that I really like is that you can't mess it up. And the students aren't going to just show up in in a group that they're not supposed to be. I was having that a lot in Blackbird. I was assigning students to groups, but then I would find them participating either in all of the group discussions or the wrong one. And I was having to do a lot of reaching out and trying to make sure they understand where they're to be participating. And so I don't have that problem here. As the instructor, when I look at the screen, I have all six of the discussion groups that I've created. And on that right hand side, you have your numbers and that kind of tells you how many posts there are in any given group on the right hand side. And then in blue, those would be the ones that I haven't viewed yet. And so it's kind of a nice way I check in on my class multiple times a day to know when I need to go in and check on a discussion. It also indicates to me when there's not a lot going on. So I can pop in to just one group and say, Hey, guys, you know, I expect you to ramp it up. Or if there's a lot going on, it tells me there's something controversial happening and I should get to it immediately. So my group discussions all revolve around some kind of quote that is relevant to our topic for the week and then some fairly focused questions. And I require that students post to a response to this original post, and then they have to respond to two of their fellow students. Those responses have to include questions that keep the critical thinking going. And then they also have to come back and follow up on whatever questions are posted in there. So this is what it looks like for me. This is what it would look like for the student. And I kind of cut the screen a little bit short, but they have the full assignment that's appearing here. When they go into the discussion, though, you can see where I have it redlined here, the ones you have access to underneath that, it's just going to have the one group that the student has been assigned to. And I suppose if you assign them to multiple groups, then that would appear there too. But I assign my students to just one group and then they just click on that and it takes them straight into their group discussion. So it's really, like I said, foolproof. The actual discussion itself functions exactly the same as non-grouped discussions in Canvas. We have each student's thread posted underneath the assignment. And you can kind of see here with the arrow, again, which threads have more comments than others. And so it allows me to really focus my efforts each week. You know, if there's one post that's not getting a lot of attention, I can go in there and really, you know, try and make a big impact there. Or if it's blowing up, then I've got something I've got to deal with. And then I always go in and I post more thoughtful questions to keep the discussion going. But this part just displays and functions like all other discussions in Canvas, which is nice because it's easy to see. It allows you to isolate things a little bit. And it also helps me in keeping it grouped and making sure that I am making that regular and effective contact with each of my students in multiple ways in those discussions each week. There is some additional features that come with the group function beyond just the discussion. So when you're assigning students to a group, it gives them like their own kind of landing page that they can go into. And so there's a couple of things I wanted to draw your attention here on this page too. So the first is that I can post an announcement just to this group. So if I have a course project going on and I'm just wanting to communicate with them, I can do that in here and make that really customized. Another thing that you can see are some of the tools that I have in that students would have access to. So I can create content pages that are just for this group to be able to work with. They can have other discussions that allow them to communicate with each other. I can give them exclusive access to certain files and then they have the conference and collaboration feature, which is nice. I don't presently use any of these options, but I hope to soon. The last thing here is the feature that allows me to switch between groups really easily. So instead of having to go into each group or into each discussion, I can just move straight from one group to the next and go right to that discussion so that I can participate in it. Setting up a group is incredibly simple. You really have two options. And so the first is when you are in your Canvas course and you're looking at your left hand menu, there is the people area where you can see your list of students. And there's a tab up at the top that says groups. And if you click on that, there's not going to be anything, except for a blue button that allows you to create groups. When you click on that blue group set button, this is what comes up. So you would just decide on what your group name is going to be. I always start off with discussion group and then it will go in and give it numbers. So discussion group one, discussion group two. And then when we reset and do new groups at four weeks, I do fancy new group. So they all get those names. You could allow students to sign up for certain groups. I do a random assignment. I just choose how many groups I'm going to have. And I, at the four week mark, I reassess and see if I need to maybe create some bigger groups or smaller groups based on the types of discussions that have been happening. If you're teaching multiple sections of that course and it's all tied together in your Canvas shell, you can require that group members have to be in the same section. I teach a cross-listed course in sociology and psychology. So those are both sections in my one Canvas course and I could make it so that just the sociology students are grouped together and just the psychology students are grouped together. So that's kind of a neat function. You can create groups yourself instead of letting Canvas do it. And you can also assign a leader which has a lot of promising possibilities. I've played a little bit, the sociologist in me, in just randomly assigning leaders and not really saying too much about it to see if having that role brings out the best in students who are randomly assigned that and it's been kind of fun to watch. It does seem to kind of get people a little bit more aware and involved. So that's one way to create a group set. Another way to create it is when you're actually in doing your discussion assignment, if you're either creating it or you're editing an existing discussion assignment. And what that looks like is here's your screen where you're actually editing this and there's just this one little button that you click down here and it says this is a group discussion. So if you click that button it's going to prompt you with this screen and this should look pretty familiar, right? So you're just putting in that group name, choosing how it's going to be set up and what the structure is and then saving it. You'll notice here that it doesn't give you an option to do the leader but there's another way to do that. I'll show that to you in just a second. So that's familiar, same process. Or you have, if you've already created group sets, when you are doing this through the discussion assignment then this would be what would pop up. And so it just allows you to choose from the group sets that you've already created and then you save that and it's done and there's nothing else that you need to do. So it really does take two seconds to set up a group discussion and then it automatically puts students into it and then they are where they need to be. For managing the groups there's a couple of different functionalities here for you. So here I am in the people tab and you can see up at the top I have my list of everyone and then I have my discussion groups and my fancy new groups. So those are my two group sets and so it appears this way you can collapse them and actually look at who is in each group. At the start of the semester I open all of these. I print it out and then I have a nice sheet that shows me which student is in what group and that's an easy way for me to kind of keep tabs on who I'm commenting on with each of my discussions. You have the settings of each group that are available in that drop down with your little settings icon. You have a settings icon for each individual student. I'll show you what those options look like here in just a moment. There's not a lot of things that you're going to do here but there are a few things that you can do and then you have your little dots and what that indicates is that you can move students from one group to the next just by clicking on those dots and dragging the student into another group and so it makes reassigning group members really really easy and also when I have new students who are coming in maybe with an ad code and weren't there when I originally assigned groups it gives them the opportunity to just drag them into a group from that an assigned area that you see over on the left. So if we look at that drop down menu from the student perspective you can go in and you can remove a student from the group that would put them in the unassigned category or this is the other place where you can set them as a leader and if you weren't feeling the drag and drop you could also select to move them from this particular menu. So really simple options really easy to work within. I always look at the unassigned students you know for the first week or two as students are enrolling and drag them and then as students are not participating I actually will go through and pull them out of the groups and I'll go through one week to see if they try to participate because it'll put them into the general discussion instead of into a group discussion so I can follow up with them and make sure that they're doing what they need to. But it's really really simple to put this all together and it's really helped me keep my discussions much more manageable. So I'm happy to take whatever questions you have. We do have one question summer and it is does each discussion group get a different topic to discuss or can all the groups have the same question? It defaults to set you up with all the same question so when I create that discussion assignment you know everybody gets the exact same thing but you can go in and create separate discussions for each of the groups if that's what you want to do. We have another question have you ever had a group submit an outcome where they have to agree on something to submit in other words they would submit it as a group with perhaps the leader submitting it? I have I've not played with that in Canvas but that has been a function in in my classes and I imagine that in Canvas it probably would be a little bit easier to do because you have that group page that you can work with and it makes it a little bit easier to communicate with them. I've played around with that feature a little bit in Canvas and you can designate one person to submit for the group and one nice option there is you can choose to have one grade for everybody in the group or you can choose to do individual grades for individual group members on a assignment by assignment basis. Another question is group size have you found that smaller groups are better for getting everyone involved? Is there a sweet spot an ideal number that you found? I really am finding that it makes a big difference in the discussions they're making a much more meaningful because people are starting to catch on to hey you know these are my these are my six people or my eight people and so they're communicating and week over week I'm seeing themes kind of pop up and shared stories oh this reminds me of last time that I wasn't seeing when we were just having 45 person discussions so I have been splitting up my classes into groups of six or seven to start with and then I make adjustments as I need to um if I'm finding that one group isn't very participatory I'll pull them all apart and put them into groups where I am seeing better participation but I try to keep each group with about six students six to eight okay great and I think we have time for one more question about discussions um okay I'm going to put two questions into one the first part how often do students participate in your discussions and do they ever get together outside of your canvas discussions okay so first question um I have them in most of my courses they're either doing this weekly for the first seven weeks or they're doing it weekly for all eight weeks but it is a part of our weekly structure and the second question with regards to interacting outside of the discussion I don't have anything that requires them to do so but I have seen some indications that students are trying to continue to communicate even when I switch them into a new group and they're kind of referencing each other so I am seeing some connections in that way yeah well that to me says that the discussion groups are really working as a almost like a study group where they can support each other and they're comfortable working together and and maybe they'll be more comfortable working with these people when they see them in future classes too because you know as sociology or psychology majors they may well end up in online classes together again right and we're delving into some pretty controversial issues sometimes and I'm seeing a lot of group identity that's forming within that and I've played with changing the groups every two weeks every three weeks not changing them at all just to see what is the the right amount and I'm really finding that that four weeks has been really positive for getting them to to connect with each other so thank you so much summer so we're going to turn things over to Chris Hayashi from the psychology department and they have been doing some really innovative things with Canvas and also with OER so I'm going to turn it over to Chris to let him explain Greetings everybody my name is Christopher Hayashi I'm a professor of psychology I've been in Southwestern College since 2004 and I've been serving as the department chair for the department of behavioral sciences for the last six or seven years so my inspiration for creating this psych 101 course was to create a department standard course that people could build off of going forward and the reason I did that is because I noticed in some of our online courses that student outcomes in terms of retention and success varied anywhere between 30 percent to 100 percent which was kind of interesting so I wanted to see if that was something that perhaps we could do about that I thought the online venue might be a good opportunity especially since we were transitioning to Canvas so that being said I will take you through a little tour of this course which is built upon the open stacks OER so here's the homepage just a little introduction about myself and the course and then as you can see there's a kind of a course map here and a little introduction about how this course is built upon the free online textbook by open stacks and Rice University I provide a link to the textbook site that also provides some opportunities to purchase the textbook at a very affordable cost both a hardback edition as well as Kindle versions and anything else for your portable device then we have a kind of a course map that's broken up in two weeks so pretty much one chapter per week from our textbook and I have it broken into content dissemination so this is where students get the kind of a course content I haven't implemented any knowledge checks yet but and then we also have the different types of assessments that the students complete each week as well so I'll just take you into a module to see for you so you can get an idea of how the open stacks is integrated into the course so I chose the topic of personality so introduction to week one here all right so the link takes you to the first page of the module and just provides a little overview I usually give a little short description this one's very short I probably need to build upon this a bit more and then I take the kind of more general core objective for this chapter and this is actually a verbiage straight from our course outline participants will be able to and then to meet these objectives these are the things that the students will actually do so that's the first page the second page takes them to some video tutorials that I have chosen these are from crash course and the nice thing about crash course is that they are pretty well integrated into the open stacks I'm not convinced but I'm pretty sure they consulted with open stacks in terms of building the content for these videos and they're also all closed captioned so compliant ADA compliant and I also have screened them to see which of the specific chapter learning objectives that they address so I provide a little short intro in addition to the assigned reading this video tutorial will help you to address the following learning objectives for the chapters I encourage them to take notes on the learning objectives as they view the videos and read the textbook I've screened these videos as I mentioned to make sure that they do touch upon those specific learning objectives so here's another video tutorial from crash course as well and here's some learning objectives that weren't necessarily touched upon by crash course video tutorial so I let the students know that they need to consult their textbooks for those oops all right and so this is how the textbook is integrated into the course you can just copy and paste the URL and it nicely and neatly embeds it into the canvas site so here's the introductory page for the chapter on personality so students can either navigate the chapter in the canvas site themselves or they can link out to the external site which provides a little larger screen so this just gives you an idea of what the open stacks textbook looks like and once again this is completely free online so you know we're saving students a lot of money which is a great thing so it's very comparable to any textbook that costs 100 and over $200 that you would find in the bookstore it's also nice that they have in the open stacks textbook some kind of embedded embedded video to relevant content a summary as well as some review questions for the students so this just gives you an idea of what the textbook looks like and then next I have some more kind of rigorous assessments have a reflecting on your learning so I have students answer a few questions what's the most interesting thing that you learn from watching the video tutorials what's the most interesting interesting thing that you learn from reading the chapter as well as then I have them pick a specific learning objective from the chapter or two of them and I write out the answer and then I have a rubric that makes it relatively easy to grade here then we have a chapter quiz and quiz and I also wanted to draw your attention to the fact that the assessments or the assignments that students do are all linked to specific student learning outcomes so we have two specific student learning outcomes that we're assessing at the moment in our program this one is students will be able to use scientific reasoning and knowledge based in psychology to interpret psychological phenomenon so this is our thinking and reasoning the one on the previous screen has to do with communication skills I thought I had a learning object or SLO there but I guess we don't and the final assignment here is kind of a video application so again this one is linked to this student learning outcome for communication skills students will describe and apply major concepts and theories of psychology and writing or in other forms of effective presentation so I have students basically choose a video that I have pre-screened summarize the video and tell us how it applies to their life and so the videos are here embedded as well and there's a rubric for the video applications and then last but not least I have a discussion board that also assesses the same SLO communication skills students will describe and apply major concepts of psychology and same kind of idea I have them pick a term theory that they found interesting summarize and basically tell us how it applies to their lives and you know the purpose of these assignments was to not only have some kind of agreed upon rigor and standards for what students should do but also for what our instructors are accountable for grading and using for a regular effective contact as well so hopefully that gives you a little idea of what this course looks like built upon a completely free open stacks textbook and this course is open for all faculty in my program to take and modify this was intended for to be a collaborative effort so that we can as a community build upon it going forward full disclaimer I'm currently not teaching this course this semester so I built the whole thing and I'm not teaching it but I will be next semester so I'm excited to work with the faculty that are currently teaching it and see where we can go with this so that's all from me I hope that's helpful that is super helpful Chris I'm going to show everybody what it looks like out in the comments in just a second but we did have one question which was is this your only textbook have you found this to be a complete enough textbook students don't need to purchase anything in addition to it absolutely yeah this is the nice thing about psych 101 is it's it's pretty standard in terms of the course content from textbooks to textbook to textbook there's probably 30 40 50 textbooks out there and this one is pretty comparable so for this particular course yeah I don't really require students to purchase anything outside of it but some instructors are having some supplemental reading which we of course we encourage a related question is is OpenStacks essentially an online publishing house could you talk a little bit about OpenStacks yeah as far as I know I think and Tracy might know better than me I believe it was a project funded by the Bill Gates Illumina Foundation and so they gave money to Rice University and so it's developed by the faculty at Rice University and our our system the California Community Colleges have been funding OER development and adoption in our colleges as well so there was an initial round to develop and or select OER textbooks and then right now a lot of our colleagues at other colleges are working on Z degrees which are zero textbook cost degrees so students can actually go through their entire major path and not have to purchase a textbook and Angela in the chat is saying that OpenStacks has online material for math science social science humanities and there are a variety of disciplines and they're increasing every day but they don't have everything a lot of the titles that they started with were some of the ones that are most expensive for students and new ones are being added all the time so I have a couple of things that I will share with you okay so let me do a little screen sharing then just to show you where some of this is Chris if you don't mind I'm going to stop your screen share start mine and take you out to the canvas commons so from your global navigation menu in canvas everybody has a commons link you'll still be logged into canvas but it takes you to the canvas commons where faculty can share information and materials with each other and so we by default are connected here to all canvas instructors everywhere but as the person doing the sharing Chris or me or you can choose how widely we want to share something so we can choose to share with all canvas users we can choose to share with the California community colleges southwestern college or we can create custom share groups which is what psychology has done biology communication studies and a few others and so they will be sharing this with just the instructors who will find it relevant and so that's what has been done with the course that we were just looking at there's a share group and the department maintains who has access to it and feel free to contact me if you'd like to set one up for your department or even just for instructors teaching a particular course so that's the canvas commons the other thing that I wanted to share with you kind of building on the question that we just had cool for ed is a website that is maintained by all three of our higher education systems in california so uc, csu and the ccc's all united to create this website that provides some showcases information about those grants that are coming out at the system level for faculty and a variety of ways to help you find oer textbooks open stacks is probably the biggest provider but there are some others as well and speaking of content we had another question wanting to know if you created your own content the questions finding the videos yes it's a considerable amount of time to build this course to screen all of the videos to figure out what was in the videos and how they overlapped with the content in the chapters so that took a lot of time I had of course a lot of the material I had brought over for blackboard but not all of it one of the things that I really liked in your class Chris was that the video applications asked students to apply what they had learned to to their own situations their own lives or things that they'd experienced and it seems like that is going to also let the students create content for the course because they're bringing in examples that are not from the textbook but from their own experiences right what I would like to do is again for more to create some more instructor created content is kind of provide a little introduction for each topic so for example in this chapter this applies to me in this way so students can get a little window into who I am and you know how this relates to my experiences as well so that's one area of the course that I would like to beef up and I recommend you do that in video with a drone yeah I think I think it was a McKayla I think her golf swing is better than mine so I think I'll stick with the text well it looks like we've reached the end of our SWC spotlight thank you so much for joining us and thank you very much to McKayla Summer and Chris for sharing the amazing work you're doing with our students have a great rest of the semester everybody and we'll see you in the spring for another round of webinars


And we, tell and be told, lie to each other, girl! The Full Metal Alchemist world is ruled by Alchemy and the common practice of equivalent exchange. To gain something, another thing must be given of equal value. The Homunculi however are not governed by this rule, as they are born through philosopher stones that bypass the idea of equivalent exchange. These seven Homunculi have many different appearances, and the one we will be focused on today is Envy. The Homunculi are made up of the vices of humans. The main protagonist's father extracted these seven vices out of himself to become the perfect Homunculus, as he felt these vices are what makes humans imperfect beings. As the term Homunculus means artificial human, some Homunculi are more human looking than others and some having true forms that embody their sin. Envy's appearance is as a human with long hair, and though his appearance isn't reflective of his sin, his ability is. One thing to note is that this is not Envy's true form. Envy is able to shape shift into any person and is even able to create new identities for himself. This plays with the internal jealousy of humans, that we will look a little more in depth in a bit. We don't spend as much time with the other Homunculi as we do with Envy, and consequently we begin to have a more intimate relationship with the Homunculus. We know Envy as the sadist, constantly reiterating his hatred for humanity, restating the fact that humans are weak and inferior to Homunculi. We see Envy as always ready to fight, ready to embarrass humans anytime he can. And Envy was the cause of not only death, but war. It was Envy who murdered an innocent child to begin the Ishvalan War. It was Envy who murdered Hughes in cold blood, while posing as his wife. It was Envy who freed Kimbley from prison. The Homunculus was a more personal, in your face, Homunculus than the others, because of the way he went about doing things. Envy killed wearing the faces of those that made the characters feel at peace.  He knew exactly how to get to Hughes, and he deliberately chose the face of his wife to kill him. And finally, Envy's Envy. The Homunculus has been watching humans for many, many years. Envy has been around for over a hundred years. And these were years spent watching how humans are loved and taken care of. How they are appreciated, watching friendship and love flourish. Envy watched the emotions that he was not able to emit. He turned what he could emote, which was wrath and anger into violence, into pride. And he began telling himself that he was so much better and more superior to humans. And Mustang was ready to kill him, but as he was finally trapped with nowhere to go and no identities to steal, and stripped to his true self, his true form, the small green monster, we saw his true motivations and desires. The other Homunculi gained some sort of satisfaction. Wrath was the general of a great army. Gluttony ate everything. Greed had loyal soldiers. And pride was prideful, gloating the fact that he was so much better than everybody else. But Envy had nothing. There was only one thing that Envy wanted, and it gives Envy some kind of humanity. Because it's the one thing that we all want, to be loved. And Envy's true form, from the massive green monster to the little harmless Envy, really enforced that point. Envy wept at the fact that his insecurities were exposed. But it was even more sad because Envy cried due to the fact that he was understood. That means through his entire 100 plus year long life, not once was Envy understood. Not once. For him, being understood was humiliation. And humiliation not by anyone, but by a human. This caused him to remove his own heart. The philosopher stone inside of him. And killing himself. Envy was not envious at humans for being humans, but envious that humans receive love and empathy. And time and time again he put himself close to love. But as Homunculus, it was something he could never receive. Envy had everything he needed to be the perfect servant of father. Strength, a powerful ability, and a philosopher stone. But Envy desired the one thing he could never have.


essential role of an EFL teacher, signs of trouble. Another role played by teachers is a protector role. Teachers are taught to look for signs of trouble in the students. When students' behaviors change or physical signs of abuse are noticed, teachers are required to look into the problem. Teachers must follow faculty procedures when it comes to following up on all signs of trouble. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


and coincidentally enough, June is Lakeland Wildlife Appreciation Month here. Each week night in June, we are featuring one wildlife photograph during our 10 p.m. newscast. Our photos are being provided by award-winning photographer Steve Monham. Steve is also providing an additional fact or tip for each day's photos. Now, August in Western North Dakota is a good time to see mule deer bucks in velvet. Early morning is Steve's preferred time to take wildlife photos because the animals are active and the lighting is softer than midday sun. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Last time I asked you to come up with a single funniest ever statement that would relate four words late, elate, played and slate anybody, anybody sir I am late because no how about Thursday can I get some input from you guys Thursday a single statement a single statement that works as an excuse for you you are late because and you are going to be using all these three words elate, played and slate let us see try to take on my funny bone all right. . So, let us get started bored with orthographic views already are you yes third angle first angle three views FTP front top profile one learn something new yes no may be all right. So, talk about axonometric views and particular we will talk about isometric views you have done this exercise before what did we do we took this solid and we drew the orthographic views in the third angle projection right what if I do not give you this object what if Mr. Ashish can you come up yeah and Vasu is there. So, what if Ashish gives Vasu these three drawings and asks Vasu to interpret these drawings would be difficult or would be easy not that easy. So, would you need this drawing or would you not need this drawing you do not know. So, the question is given the three orthographic views and nothing else is it possible is it feasible for you to interpret the object who would say yes would say no anybody who says yes would be difficult yes or no it would be difficult, but if I show this object to you you will be like fine you have an idea of what an object would look like in 3D and you also have an idea as to what the object would look like when looked at from three different directions three different orthogonal directions. So, would you say that this picture is complete the three orthographic views and a pictorial view or a 3D view would you say that yes or no another example what if I do not give you this even more difficult yeah, but if I give you this then you have a fairly good picture of what an object would look like for example, if I do not give you this things might be a little difficult for you to interpret, but if I give you this you are fine you know what these are orthographic views what is this what is that this is what we are going to be learning today isometric views to draw a single source peak three dimensional picture of the object and I plan to bow you guys today with a lot of math well if not a lot then a little bit. So, let me read what is written there through multi view orthographic projections we observed how the object looked when parallel projections were taken on three mutually perpendicular planes and down below an exonometric projection the object is oriented read as rotated twice a priory and appropriately. So, that all its three dimensional features are clearly visible on the vertical plane of projection an example this is a chalk box what do you see what do you see a rectangle. So, what I am saying back there is if I rotate this object once and rotate this object the second time. So, when I rotate this object once how many planes are visible to you two and then when I rotate this object the second time three yeah. So, you see plane one plane two and plane three and you also see that there is a pothole in this chalk box and a few chalks. So, the entire trick in trying to get the three dimensional picture of this object is to rotate this once rotate this twice. So, that all the three dimensions of this object are visible to you. So, we will try to learn the math behind this let us say we have a unit cube how many edges cube 12 lengths all them one what you see is the vertical plane of this cube and let us call the plane as the x z plane one of the vertices of the cube is at the origin of the axis this the x this the z where is y outside or inside inside right hand rule. Let us practice let us orient this cube in such a way that you are able to see the three planes right now you are seeing just one plane let us first rotate this cube about the z axis one angle alpha when I do that I see two planes right fine I am calling this x projected ok, but it is essentially containing the projected length of this edge and also the projected length of this edge right, but the actual reference frame happens to stay stationary it is fixed and then. So, you would actually see two of these vertices p p and q p at first you are seeing only this vertex right now you are seeing two planes and then by the way let me ask you this let me go back. So, this length is one right when I rotate what happens to the length does it get decreased or increased by what amount decreased by cos alpha decreased to decreases to cos alpha 2 cos 2 cos alpha. Now, we rotate the object about the x axis when we do that rotation angle beta we get to see the third phase of the cube forget I am do not worry about that and then you also see three vertices very distinctly p p q p and r p would you agree with this our three dimensional features of the cube visible to you yes starting with a single plane to two planes to now three planes yeah yes or no what is happening to these three lengths of the unit cube when you perform one single rotation you said the length reduced to cos alpha in this case any idea no idea we need mathematics for this now, but would you say that these lengths are equal to one or less than one or greater than one all three of them all three of them less than one fine yes or no who says no yeah why do you say no z component is not changed is this true length is this true length yes it is totally vertical now if I rotate it towards myself what happens to the length decreases by how much by cos at this angle cos at this angle. So, all length will change and it so happens that all lengths will get reduced now depending on what angle alpha is and what angle beta is we will have to figure out by how much do these lengths actually get reduced for that we need mathematics you would agree with this now all lengths are different for arbitrary angles alpha and beta now it so happens that for a certain set of angles alpha and beta you get these three lengths to be totally equal and when you are looking at that projection it is called the isometric iso means same metric means scale isometric projection when all the three lengths are equal when two of these lengths are equal it is called die metric projection die two metric size and when none of these lengths are equal it is called a tri metric projection you guys are getting bored already I see so many yarns. So, this is something that you would need to keep in mind, but in particular we are going to be looking at isometric projections as a part of this course. So, you have a plane x y you have a particle or a point which is at fixed length with respect to the origin. So, this length is fixed so you can consider this to be an edge and you are going to be rotating this edge about the axis that comes to you by some angle. So, the coordinates of that point are x j and y j the original coordinates the new coordinates are x j star and y j star the initial angle made by this H o p j is alpha o p j is of length l this edge is being rotated about this axis the axis that comes to you by an angle theta right have you come across this before yes or no yes straight forward.  So, x j star is x j cosine of theta minus y j sin of theta likewise you can find y j star as l times sin of theta plus alpha at the end that is x j sin of theta plus y j cosine of theta and in matrix form you can write x j star y j star equals cosine of theta sin of theta minus sin of theta cosine of theta times x j y j that is something that I think you may have come across before you have. So, far so good. So, this matrix this matrix is called the rotation matrix cosine of theta minus sin of theta sin of theta cosine of theta what happens to the z coordinate of the point if this is the x axis this is the y axis what happens to the z coordinate of the point remains same or different same coming back to the cube one of the vertices is called O let us say this vertex is p with coordinates 1 0 0 q is inside the screen with coordinates 0 1 0. So, y axis is pointing in words and r is 0 0 1 we are going to be applying the result the rotational result on this rotation about the z axis if you look at this block this 2 by 2 block that would rotate your x and y components and your z component remains the same. So, you have 0 0 1 here and 0 0 1 here. So, the old value of x coordinate the old value of y coordinate the old value of z coordinate pre multiplied by this matrix will give you the new value of the x y and z. Everybody with me yes no good what if I want to now find rotation about the x axis what is the entry here 1 cos is it too trivial no anyhow got right. So, remember let us not lose the physics come back a single plane rotation about z by some angle that rotation matrix is given by r of z. And then this is my x axis rotation about the x axis the second matrix give you gives you the rotation. And the third step is whatever you see here you have to project that on the vertical plane what happened then your vertical plane is what x z plane your vertical plane your screen plane is the x z plane right. So, your x coordinate will remain the same your z coordinate will remain the same what happened to a y coordinate 0. So, this is your projection matrix yes or no no step 1 step 2 whatever the x y z coordinates are this is my x z plane this is my x z plane where y coordinate is 0 if I project if I project this guy over here x and z coordinates from these two rotations and the y coordinate will be 0 fine. Now, this is the tricky part when you perform transformations you have to follow a certain order first you are performing rotation about the z second you are performing rotation about the x and third you are projecting when you follow this order when you follow this order rotation about z then about x and then projection the y z plane you will have to pre multiply matrices the first matrix on the right is rotation about z then rotation about x and then projection on the y z plane. And when you multiply all these three matrices you will get the result on the right hand side top row cosine of alpha minus sine of alpha 0 middle row 0 0 0 which explains that your actually you have actually gotten the image of the object on the x z plane. And therefore, all the y coordinates are 0 and the third row sine of alpha sine of beta cosine of alpha sine of beta and cosine of beta little bit of math would be boring what you have to say about this these are the coordinates of what these are the coordinates of p these are the coordinates of q and these guys are the coordinates of r right. If I want or if I ask you what the new length of op is what would you have to say new length of op x squared plus y squared plus z squared cosine alpha squared plus sine alpha squared times sine beta squared all right new length of op q square this up square this up and new length of op r enough of math a little more axonometric projections you have three categories isometric diametric and trimetric what happens in isometric all three lengths are equal what happens in diametric two lengths are equal trimetric all lengths are different. If I want to work with the isometric case I have to equate or have to ensure that op is the same as oq and does the same as or how many equations two three two how many unknowns. So, if I say that op equals oq and or equals op I should be able to solve for alpha and beta how many solutions do you expect would you expect a unique solution would you expect more than one solutions if so how many more than one if you do the algebra which you can in your hostel rooms you will see that beta comes out to be plus minus 35.26 degrees and alpha comes out to be plus minus 45 degrees. So, in fact you have four solutions in fact you have four solutions. So, you have positive rotation and correspondingly you have negative rotation in both directions for alpha and beta enough of math. So, this is the crux, but in T a 101 we do not worry about the intermediate steps we only worry about the final result and this is what the final result is that if you incorporate those angles alpha and beta what it essentially means in terms of drawing is you get to know the orientation of the x axis the y axis and the z axis of the object of the cube the x axis is oriented at 30 degrees from the horizontal the y axis is also oriented at 30 degrees from the horizontal and the z axis remains vertical lunch followed by mathematics is not a good combination. So, in your labs or when drawing isometric views do not worry about the math you can just start from here pick a point on your sheet draw x axis at 30 degrees from the horizontal draw y axis at 30 degrees from the horizontal draw the z axis which remains vertical. Once you have identified the three axis you should be able to draw the three dimensional picture of the object I will see one example louder plus minus plus minus 35 30 in what range there should be four values corresponding to those values corresponding to those values you will probably figure that you will get one of the axis is this no matter what you will get the other axis is this no matter what and your z axis will remain vertical no matter what you can try it out. So, it could be as well 35.26 there would be something else after 6. So, in that sense maybe it is an approximation, but cosine of beta is under root of 2 by 3 that is the precise no no this is exact how did we get that you see this result better let us focus on let us focus on the peak ordinates peak ordinates are given by cosine of alpha 0 cosine of alpha 0 and sin of alpha thank you this guy right let us let us just focus on p. So, if you plug in the value of alpha what you get let us just take the positive values for now what is cosine of alpha 1 by root 2 y is 0 what is sin of alpha what is what is sin of alpha times sin of beta. So, this would be 1 by root 6 now fine fine alright. So, my point p will be here somewhere remember that this is the x z plane the vertical plane is the x z plane my point p will be here somewhere what is the x coordinate of that 1 by what is the z coordinate of that. So, what is the cosine of the angle what is the cosine of the angle which is what 30 degrees that is how you get it and likewise if you consider q you will get 30 degrees on the other side alright. So, the lens get shortened or foreshortened by how you got the what last part of what step 1 rotation about x rotation about z then rotation about x and then projection on the x z plane. So, the screen plane is the x z plane. So, you are actually seeing all three dimensional pictures of an object on a vertical plane which is the x z plane fine fine. Do you agree with the math if you plug in the values of alpha and beta let us take just the positive values you will get the new coordinates of p as 1 over root 2 0 and 1 over root 6 new coordinates of q as minus 1 over root 2 0 and 1 over root 6 new coordinates of r as 0 0 and root 2 over root 3.  So, the x coordinate is 1 over root 2 the z coordinate is 1 over root 6 this is 1 over root 2 this is 1 over root 6. So, this over this is what tan of this angle which is what you can you can work out the same for q. So, the x coordinate is minus 1 over root 2 the z coordinate is 1 over root 6 tan of minus 1 over root 3 which is 30 degrees on the other side all right what happens to lens they get shortened they get foreshortened by what factor or to what factor how. So, o r folks can I have all ears here. So, the initial length of o r was 1 the final length of o r is root 2 over root 3. So, o r has shortened by root 2 over root 3 and so has o p and so has o q right. So, the lens in all three dimensions they have shortened by equal amount which is root 2 over root 3. So, this is something for you to understand. So, through this lecture you can understand the math, but the take home message is this part when you start drawing your isometric views pick a point on your sheet draw the x axis at 30 degrees to the horizontal draw the y axis at 30 degrees to the horizontal draw the x axis draw the z axis vertically upwards message 1 message 2 that your true lens they need to be factored they need to be multiplied by root 2 over root 3 to get the isometric lens and we are going to be working on how to draw the isometric scale horizontal you have a line you have another line this line is at 45 degrees this line is at 30 degrees mark the true lens on your 45 degree line true lens on the 45 degree line. If you take the horizontal projection of let us say length l which is the true length on the 45 degree line 45 degree line then the horizontal projection will be l times cosine of 45 what is this length this length over this length is cosine of 30. So, you can find what that length is l cosine 45 over sine of sorry over cosine of 30 which is l times root 2 over 3. So, in effect what is happening is that you are scaling the lengths on the 45 degree line by root 2 over root 3 if you are taking vertical projections of those points on the 45 degree line on this red line mark these points draw verticals on the red line from the green line. So, this is the true scale this is the true scale and this is the isometric scale. So, this is the second take home message from today's lecture. As for TA 101 is concerned you do not need to worry about the math that we had done what you need to worry about is how to draw the x y and z axis on your sheet and how to come up with the isometric scaling. So, in your lab assignments and homework assignments when I say isometric drawing when I say isometric drawing I want you guys to draw with isometric scale with this scale when I say isometric view or isometric sketch I would want you guys to draw isometric view, but with true scale. So, keep this in mind. So, let us draw the isometric view from these three orthographic views given third angle first angle third angle how do you say that third quadrant fine how do you think or what do you think the object is going to look like how do you think the object is going to look like in three dimensions. Let us get back to our exercise first thing get one of the axis the x axis now realize how I am drawing the axis I am drawing the axis opening towards you not opening away from you x axis y axis and the z axis first thing both x and y third degrees from the horizontal z axis vertical. I know the dimensions from the orthographic views I can draw the bounding box I can draw the bounding box the bounding box three dimensional bounding box which plane is this plane x axis z axis this is y axis. So, this plane here is the y z plane how about this plane x z x z or x z. So, the break in drawing isometric views is to identify three different planes distinctly and work on these planes from now on I will not utter a word I will just have you see what is going on.


Hey everyone, welcome back for more XoZero's content, today's video we're going to discuss the hero guide for FC Bathory, her stats, her skills, playability, recommended guardia stones, synergy with other heroes, overall rating in my final thoughts. Before that, if you want to see more XoZero's content, please hit the subscribe button down below. So here we are at Bathory's hero story or hero profile. So Bathory hails from the nation Greenland, so she's a frost element and her position is attack and her attack type is magical, so her race actually is elf and she's young at age 21 for an elf. So for her stats, her strengths are she has high attack, she has average HP, she has average crit hit, average attack speed, and average dodge. And her weakness is she has low defense, low hit, and low block. Bathory is not that actually bad in terms of defense or survivability but if you really want to make sure that she casts her S2 skill, you have to make her tankier enough. You have to improve on her defense most especially. Her dodge is pretty much average so there's not a problem with that one. Here we are at Bathory's passive, so she has mana utilization 3, so increases attack based on allies mana count. So gain 1 mana if allies mana count, it's a 10 or more on turn, or gain mana if enemies mana count, it's a 10 or more on turn. Her next passive is breath of mana, so over time effect, front row allies permanently gain 1 mana. Her next one is tranquil which is actually her unique passive. So grants allies with less attack than self with tranquil mark and protects from death only one time. So this is the one that is usually that makes Bathory very strong and she's actually being recruited for this ability. She synergizes well with Ullum and Rera for this one that is why you usually would see them 3 together in one team especially in PvP. Her final passive is heming leva, so over time effect so increases health of all allies except self by 20%. So for this one, this is actually the additional skill when you get her FC. Her regular form actually is pretty much good already even without her FC. That is why I'm highly encouraging people not to just go after the FC. If you have her non FC form, she's pretty good as well. There are just additional stat additions to her FC form once you get her FC form. So again, just don't worry if you have the regular Bathory with you. Okay, for her S1, it's Moby Dick so deals 102 damage to all enemies. This is a very cost efficient AOE for a 1 mana skill and this usually triggers Summers Blessing, usually in battles that is why it's good to attack first with Moby Dick if your opponent has Summers Blessing. Then for her S2, so deals 357 damage to all enemies. It's a 5 mana skill but it's a burst skill. Again for burst skill, any mana in excess of the mana cost would be added to the damage total to your enemies. Just a friendly reminder guys, please don't forget to subscribe and support my channel. So there is a subscribe button that will appear now. So again, please support my channel. Okay, in terms of playability, Bathory is good in your tag or main PvP. Nowadays she has returned to the main PvP because of her signature force. It has become available I think last week was it or the week ago. So right now Bathory is very viable much in PvP, also in PvP tag. The next would be your PvE. So she is good in the chapters especially on frost element enemies that you need to break. She is also good in your battle because of her tranquil passive. She is also very good in your holy dragon grounds because she will extend or make your other heroes survivable. She is particularly good in frost day. She is also good in the core raid and pretty much any content that you bring her in a game she will be pretty much very useful. So for her recommended garden stones, I have three choices that will be discussed with you. It really depends on what type of build you want for your Bathory. So first and foremost I want to discuss the frost set because what I did with mine is I wanted to make sure that she has enough defense to upgrade her from low status up to average. So the plus 700 makes her above average or not average in terms of her defense that is why I chose the frost set. You also have two choices as well. You can either put nature set which eventually gives her additional dodge and increases her dodge from average. Once you awaken from nature set it will also give you additional HP and also the last one would be your machine set. Her equip status effects is not that good but once you awaken her with the machine set she will be getting additional HP plus additional hit because her hit is I think she is pretty much average in terms of hit. Let me double check so no she is pretty much low in terms of hit. You need to increase her hit as well so that you won't miss hitting with your S2. So that is why I'm recommending the machine set effect as the third option. So in terms of synergy with other heroes Bathory synergizes well with almost anyone because of tranquil but she really synergizes well with both Uloom and Rera especially but there are other heroes that she protects well. The other set are heroes with low health and low defense so pretty much the squishy ones she can protect them with tranquil. So heroes also with low attack stat because in order for heroes to be protected by tranquil they have to have lower attack stat than Bathory. Also she should be accompanied with other Frost heroes especially faster than hers so that that hero will take off Summers Blessing then she can use her skills to damage the enemies on the other side. Also she also is in need of heroes that generate mana so the one that comes to mind is always FC Iris. There are other options like Metron and Pan if you don't have FC Iris. So for my overall rating so the rating is scored 1 up to 5 so 5 being the highest so for her stats I would rate Bathory as a 4 because primarily she only has I think 3 low stats which is low defense, low hit and low block. For her playability for the content I would rate her as a 5 because you could really just bring her in any content literally. I don't have a problem with her in terms of the other stages you could even bring her in content that doesn't require any frost break because of her tranquil passive that she gives to the whole team. In terms of synergy with other heroes I would give her a 4 she doesn't really require a lot of support she can be easily be modified in terms of her stats and she can be versatile in terms of who to bring with her but usually she is very much more effective when she is with Uloom and with Rera. So would you need her FC if you already have her regular form? Not really but her FC would give you a big plus a big bump in terms of her passive and in terms of her stats. So for my final thoughts so in using Bathory please be careful of Summer's Blessing always identify if your enemy has Summer's Blessing and try to pick when to use her S1 and S2 skills.  So please make sure that Rera is awakened and also she has signature force when you bring her in the team when you have opened up the signature force for Bathory because once Rera has signature force her signature force is frost and usually when she attacks first she deals damage with her own damage and she deals damage with frost attack for signature force which takes out your Summer's Blessing and then Bathory can deal damage on her own. If you have Iris on the team I'm sure after that Bathory can use her S2 skill to deal damage and last thing about Bathory is you need to increase her survivability. Anyway guys that's it for me so please write down your comments in the comments section below. Are you excited about using your Bathory now that you pulled for her or do you think that Bathory has a lot of competition now in the meta? Anyway guys you all stay safe and I'll see you in the next video, warden out.


horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty hay-o-silver, the lone ranger. When gold was first discovered in the western United States, thousands of prospectors hurried to the new territory. Many of them became wealthy overnight, but the majority worked for years without striking paydirt. There were some who found gold but lost their claims to clever and unscrupulous men who worked within the law. The masked rider of the planes fought these confidence men with all the courage and resourcefulness at his command. It was he more than any other man who brought justice to the frontier and made the new country safe for honest men. Return with us now those thrilling days when the West was young. Come out of the past, come the thundering hoof beats of the great horse silver. The lone ranger rides again. How long from the hills? How long's waiting for us? As our story begins, Caleb Bixby, a weather-beaten old prospector, is slicking back his hair and scrubbing his neck. He calls out to his wife Sarah. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. I got a hunch today is going to be my big day. Caleb. Where's my boots? Where's my boots? You got them all mutton-tallard for me. Fetch them out. I gotta look slick when I get the report from the assay office. By ginger, I bet you I walk out of arrow millionaire today. There's your boots, Caleb. Thank you, Sarah. By his underation, I'll have a dozen servants to wait on you and me as soon as we strike it rich. Caleb, set yourself down there a minute. No, I gotta hurry, Sarah. The man at the assay office told me he'd have the report for me this afternoon. It's already a quarter past 12. I'm 15 minutes late. Caleb, I want you to sit down. But, Sarah... Caleb. Oh, all right. Sit down there. I want to have a few words with you. Yeah. We've been living out here right next door at Starvation for about 10 years now. Caleb, why don't we open a little store of some sort? Something where you won't have to be heading for the hills all the time. Breaking your back and breaking your heart. Me? Open a store? Why not, Caleb? We could get the men around to lend us cash. We could sell things to all the prospectors in the region. Come on now, honey. I ain't no storekeeper. I'm a gold miner, a prospector. Take that burrow of yours, Caleb. Oh, what about the burrow? If that burrow had his choice between staying in lush grazing or heading into them hills and wearing down his hoofs, which do you reckon he'd choose? Well, I reckon the lazy coyote would choose the grazing. Yes, so.  Why, Dad, about it, Sarah, I... I want you to make a promise, Caleb. Well? You're going to the assay office to get the report on that last oil left there. Yeah? Promise me if that don't show paid dirt, you'll give up. Well, I need a man to give up, Sarah. I never give up in all my life, and I never... For me, Caleb, will you promise that? Oh, well, I don't think it over. No, go and book. She's getting tight.  Well, I think it over, Sarah. That's all I can say. Even if you have struck it rich, it means your troubles have just begun. The finding of the gold is the beginning of no end of trouble, Caleb. I think it over, Sarah. Now, you've got to be content with that. Caleb Bixby headed for the assay office with his hopes as high as usual. As he approached, he noticed an Indian standing in the shade of the frame building. Howdy, Indian. Howdy. Is the boss man inside there? Me, not no. My ginger ale blames you find out. Indian, you stand right where you are. What for? You stay right there, Indian, and in a couple of minutes' time, you may be looking at a millionaire walking out of that door. A millionaire, that's what. And when I say millionaire, I mean me. Oh, you strike gold. Hey, you wait and see now. You just stand right there. And if I'm right, I'll make you a present of the best old gone blanket that can be had in the hull of the Denver region. Hi there, Caleb. Back again for some more bad news. Wonder what Caleb would do if he ever got a real good sample of ore. Reckon each survived the shot? Hey, you sing a different tune when you hear the report on my ore. How many years we've been here, and then the same words, boys? And how many years has Caleb been eating them? Just you wait, boys.  No, Caleb. You ain't fooling us at all.  Now you just wait. Where's the claim at this time? Oh, it ain't so far from here. Maybe about two or three hours by burrow. Well, that same means 30 minutes by foot the way that critter of yours travels.  Yeah. You're staked your claim yet, Caleb? Nope. I ain't had time to. If you staked every claim from where you fetched samples, you'd have half a Colorado stake, but now wouldn't you, Caleb? I'll go on with your short tune. Hey, Caleb. Here comes Fleming. Reckon he's got your report for you. Yeah, I see him. See, Mr. Fleming? What's the news for me this time? You needn't be afraid to say it right in front of the boys. They might be a bit jealous, but it won't hurt them none. You come back here with me, Caleb. I sure think. I want to speak to you alone. Has he got you this time, Fleming? Come into the back room with me, Caleb. There's nothing wrong with you. No, this way, Caleb. Caleb, we'll be waiting to hear what's what. The door sows o' gents out there won't hear what I have to tell you. Yeah, sure. Sit down there, Caleb. Now that did. Now then, who knows you brought these samples in to me? Guys, I reckon most everyone does. Why? Did you tell anyone where you found them? Sure not. I don't tell. Oh, I know. Are they any good? That or we'll say a couple hundred dollars a lot. It will? It isn't the best or I've ever had here, but it's good. Then I struck it rich. You found gold. Guys, say that again. You found gold. Jumpin' grasshopper. Go, go, leafin' horn toad. Take it easy, Caleb. Until you've got your claim staked out and registered, you've got no more right to that land than next man. I'll tend to that right away. I'll set out first thing in the morning to stake my claim. Well, listen to me first. There's a pack of claim jumpers around here. You will have to watch yourself, Caleb. First thing you know, someone else will have that claim staked, and then you'll be right where you were before. It's one thing to find gold and another thing to hang on to it. I know that. I'll be on my guard all right. They won't do me out in it. No, sir. All right. Now sit down again, will you? I've got to tell my wife. I've got to tell Siri.  Will you take a little advice from me? Stake and register that claim and then come to me. I know a couple of men from the syndicate that'll buy you out. Give you more cash than you ever saw and a payment every month for the rest of your life. That'll save you work in the claim. You think I ought to sell out right away? I'd say work at yourself. But at your age, the best thing would be to sell half-interest in it. I'll arrange for you to meet the men that can buy it. You talk that over with Sarah. Meanwhile, get your steak.  I will. Now I've got to tell Siri. I struck it, boys. I struck it rich. Now I'm going to be rich. Ingen, I struck it. You just come with me. I'll give you a present. You talk too much. I've got to tell everyone. Old Caleb ain't broke no more. I ain't forgot the folks that helped me out. Let me go now. Now wait a minute. Get a rich scout. Caleb, we'll celebrate with you, Caleb. Caleb is struck gold. He's struck it rich. I ain't going to no cafe. I'm going home to tell my wife. I struck it rich. Caleb hurried to his home while other men went to the cafe to spread the news. He named Vega, called the bartender to one side and said, I wish to speak with you in private, senior boxer. Ain't nothing me new has to discuss than I know is about. Well, maybe you'll change the opinion after I speak. Yeah? What are you getting at? Gold. I thought that would make you reason. You're talking with me now, senior, no? Well, give me an idea of what you got to say. If without the risk you could own gold claim, you'd pay me well for it. What claim? I need you. I cannot tell you that. It will be your claim. The next time you go to one for gold, the next time you go, you'll find that gold. How will I? Why fix it so you have the map? I tell you where to go. I too will go there with my friend. But we will be too late, amigo. You saw me? You will be there first. You saw that? How can that be worked? You know where there's a strike? Why don't you take it yourself? Oh, me, senior, I could not. I have never crossed bay. That's right. If it was to show up with a gold claim, everyone would know you jumped it. But with me, it would be different. See, senior? You give me after what you find, eh? That's fair enough. You give me cash now in advance? You tell me your scheme first and I'll see how I like it. See, amigo, see, I alone can do it. Because I look on as a friend. Ah, you're speaking of Caleb Bixby's claim? What you think? Let's hear your scheme. Later that same afternoon, Caleb and his wife were still talking about the good fortune that had favored them, hardly able to realize it was true. Darkness fell and still the two old folks discussed the big event. Then finally... Oh, my sakes and I, Caleb, you're just getting dark outside and we ain't had supper yet. What's the difference, Harry? Great days. I can't even know how. I'm not excited. Shucks, I've never seen the time you couldn't eat, Caleb. Just imagine us being rich. Well, we ain't rich yet. I still can't believe it's true. I'll feel better when I see the actual cash coming in. It'll come. It'll come. You can't stop it now. Nothing's gonna stop us from being rich. Well, you won't have to worry no more. You won't have to work. Why, sakes of life, Sarri, I already got a chance to sell half interest in the claim and just set back and count the money without doing a lick of work. It still seems most too good to be true. Buy ginger, Sarri. There's a kiss for you.  Stop it.  I've got to get the supper on. I can't help it, Sarri. Tomorrow, first thing, I'll go stake my claim. Oh, dear, I won't sleep at wink tonight. We're thinking about it. Sleep? Who in Tarnation wants to sleep? We gotta celebrate. Get out that there pint of liquor we've been saving for snake bites and we'll open her up. No, no such thing, Caleb. It makes me not a drop. Do you get it, Sarri? I really can. Well, then let's cook up all those ears left and have maybe a pie.  Don't you be so extravagant. We're going right on, saving like we always been till we get that money. Oh, no.  That's the way to celebrate. I'll see what I can do with the way of biscuits to go with the mulligan stew and maybe some sourdough cakes to start your off with your claimant, son. Oh, what's that? The window. Look. It's area. It's area. A crash of glass and the sound of a heavy six-gun rang through the night to be heard by the Lone Ranger and his faithful Indian companion, Tonto. Tonto, that was a report of a 44. Ah, that all you hear? Couldn't it come from the town? That would be too far away. Must be from some cabin near here. Tonto, here, window glass break. Window glass? Ah, that's right. Maybe plenty trouble. Did you hear the glass before or after the shot? Me here, uh, for. Here's the risk. Here's the risk. We'll investigate that, Tonto. Should have been far away. Tonto, think maybe him here hoops after shot, hoops? Ah, maybe someone run away. Just a second now, Silver. Steady, boy. Steady. Where you going to find out what that meant? Are you going to settle up? Oh, Tonto, right there back. All right then, I'm ready. Yep. Follow me, Tonto. Come on, Silver. The curtain falls on the first act of tonight's Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story, Caleb Bixby badly wounded lay on his bunk. His wife, Sarah, knelt at his side and... Sarah, look outside. I thought I heard someone riding away. Never mind them. Never mind anybody outside, Caleb.  Where'd they get you? Here. Let me see. Must have been the gold claim they was doing it for, Sarah. Now, honey. And, Sarah, they found out about our fortune and that's it. And I like quiet, Caleb. Sarah, you're going to get better, Sarah. Just when we was all soft for the... for to get rich. All right. All right. All right. Sarah, who's that? Look outside. A couple of horsemen stopped outside that Caleb. Well, I'll get that rifle. I'll give him something to think about. Never mind me, Sarah. You just shoot. Shoot the kill. You... you get the gold mine now. Oh, no such thing. You ain't going to cash in your chips yet, Caleb. I'll drill the first critter comes through that door. Stand back, you. Stand back. I've got a bead on you. Just a minute. Put down that rifle. Shoot him. Shoot him, Sarah. Drill the two of them. Make it easy. We're here to help you. Oh, no, it's... it's too late. Talo, take a look at that old man. See how badly he's hurting. Tonto helping. Sarah gets the gold mine. Take it easy.  Talo's going to take care of you. Who are you anyhow? What are you doing here wearing that mask? We want to help you. Tonto, fixed wound. Talo's far better than any doctor you can find around here. What's the gold claim he's speaking about? I won't tell you nothing. Like it's not your the critter's shot poor Caleb. No, we didn't shoot him. Him, Tonto, see in town. That's what I thought, Tonto. What's that? My friend saw your husband when he was told about his gold. If you didn't shoot Caleb, then who did? We'll try and find that out after we've taken care of his wounds. Try and find out. How are you going to find out now?  Talo's good at reading tracks. Perhaps there'll be some other clues outside. You get hot water. I'll take care of that, Tonto. You won't do nothing of the sort. If Caleb needs hot water, I'll get it for him. Very well. That'll give me a chance to look around outside. Stay with him, Talo, and do all you can for him. Is there any chance he'll live? Hmm, get all right. Are you sure, Injun? Are you sure of that? You can take Talo's word for it, Mrs. Bixby. Who was that man, Injun? Who is he? I sort of liked his voice, but... Come on over here. Injun, what are you doing? You're hurting Caleb. Me, fix wound. Get bullet out. Oh, that takes a life, Injun. I'd most sooner have the bullet in. Tonto, fix a man. And, Sherry. Sherry. Yes, Caleb? Sherry, you'll have to ride for the claim. Come morning. You've got to get there. The stake out, or it'll be lost to you. Never mind that, Caleb. Only thing I care about is to see you get well again.  I'll see who's at the door now. It takes a life. So many things happening all in one day. It's enough to make a person dizzy. Amigo. Oh, give away. Oh, Vega. Doggone. I had tough luck. You know, I was the mother. You were hurt? I've been shot, Vega. Some ordinary coyote tried to finish me off before I could stake my claim. I reckon you hear about that. See, Senora, you're about in the cafe. What are folks saying about it, Vega? Is there anyone there might have drilled Caleb? Oh, I do not know that. I only know others go to find gold, too. Oh, the others are starting out to try and do what I done, huh? See, Senora, Boxer, he's go tomorrow. Oh, he is, huh? See, but you, Amigo, you have not staked your claim yet. I figured on gone in the morning, but Doggone, now I can't. Oh, these are too bad. You may perhaps be too late. Oh, I know that was too good to be true. Perhaps, Senora, he could go. Why, Dad read it. I can't sit and serri out alone to stake a claim. Oh, I would go to guard, yes? Bye, Ginger, Vega. Maybe if you was willing to go along with serri. But I don't know where your claim is, Caleb. He could perhaps make the map. Guys, Ginger, that sure feels a heap better. You'll be all right. Two and three days to rest. Now, find time for me to be here rested. Dad, rat the luck. There's somewhere after you as soon as you stake the claim, the better. You're right, Vega. Doggone it. Look, serri, I could fix a sort of map to show you just how to get there. I don't recognize much else we can do. Caleb, I could go alone. Sharks, I know this part of the country. Vega don't need to put himself out. I do not mind, Senora. I'll get your pencil and a hunk of paper, Caleb, and you draw that map. Yeah, you do that, serri. I'll draw it up as best I can. Show you just where to put the stakes in. Caleb drew his map with pains taking care. And about the time he finished, the masked mystery rider returned and entered the house. How are you now, Caleb? Ah, thanks to what that rat skin's done, I feel a heap better, stranger. When he's still weak as a kitten, I don't expect he'll be up and about for a couple of days at least. What you'll find? I found several clues to the one who fired the shot. Yeah? Who was the pool cat? I'd just like to get my hands on him. I don't know if I could get a hold of him. I declare I'd lambaste him. It seems to have escaped for the time being. Who is him named Vega? Friend of Caleb's? She's Senora the Mask. I am Vega. But who are you? Oh, he's the critter that fetched the red skin to dress my wound for me. He's been out trying to find the ordinary pool cat that shot me. Oh, I see. What's that map? Oh, that. I've been sort of sketching out how to locate the gold mine for Seri. She's going there first thing in the morning, you see, stranger. May I take a look at that map? No, you may not. No, Seri. Don't be so contankerous. I'm not going to try anything, Mrs. Bixby. I'm just going to take a look at your map and look at it under the light here a little closer. Garnet, you got the blamest way. What is he doing with the map? He's just looking at it. Now don't you interfere with him. Caleb, someday you're going to regret trust in folks the way you do. Maybe him trusts wrong people. There you are. Are you going to keep this in your house overnight? No, it would not be safe here. What are you going to do with it? Oh, perhaps better I take it with me. You think so? Whatever you say, Vega. I sure ain't in no shape to defend that dog-gone thing. But take care of it. It's a mighty valuable hunk of paper now. You know, Amigo, you can trust me. Doggone, I sure enough hope so. I go now, eh? Go back early in the morning, then we go to stake this claim. All right, Vega. I'll be here waiting for you unless Caleb gets worse during the night and needs me to stay home. Yes, yes. I'll be all right, Seri. You just go stake that claim. Then I'll feel a dog-gone sight better about the whole thing. I go now. Where's the notice, sir? Good night. Good night. Now it's for you, stranger, with that mask. Just a moment, Mrs. Bixby. Don't you just a moment me.  You just let the man who shot your husband get away. What? What's that? There you go. Yes, that's what Tondo thinks. It's a fact. Eh, but if you were right, if what you said about Vega was true when he's got that mask on... Don't worry about it, Caleb. You get your strength back. You're going to need it for working your claim. Come, Tyler, we have things to do. Vega went directly to the cafe where he met Boxer, and then he said... I have it, Senor. Good enough. I'll be ready to start at daybreak. It'll take long to get there. Oh, see, I have the map. I draw it myself. Good enough. I will see you later. I started with Senor who beat me some time in the morning. For where? To make the claim. This claim? See, Senor, only when we arrived, you have already been there first. I get it. Ain't nobody alive can say I didn't find it for my own self. That is right. And we split it in half. And we split it in half. And we split it in half. And we split it in half. And we split 50 to 50. That's right, Vega. We split 50 to 50. The next morning, Boxer left town alone. Then a little later, Vega and Mrs. Vicksby took the same trail. As they drew near the spot where Caleb made his strike, they found the masked man, Tonto and Fleming from the assay office. Oh, there, oh, there. He's still alive. Mr. Fleming, what are you doing here? Howdy, Mrs. Vicksby. What's these? You two are prospecting? Well, not exactly. You see, this mask man brought us along. He thought we'd better travel along with you two and make sure the claim was staked out just right. Tracks me, that mask man's got a pile of interest in our affairs. I have, Mrs. Bixby, and I'll tell you why. It's because the man you're counting on as a friend is the one who shot your husband. Walkie-talkie. That's a fast vega. You're covered. He's lying.  I found the empty cartridge outside of the window we smashed. You can compare it with the bullets in his gun if you care to. This is not true. All men around here use the same cartridge. There's a little more proof than that, vega. Mr. Clemming, you ain't took in by strangers. Easy. How is it you listen to this mask man? He's got a pretty straight story, Sarah. He followed the tracks of vega's horse from your window, away from the house, and then back to the house again. This is not true. We can tell soon enough. Come, let's go and stake your claim. But what good is that going to do? We'll just ride along with you. We can talk while we're riding. Come on, get up there. Come on, Mr. Bixby. Mrs. Bixby, the whole thing was planned so vega could get the map of the claim. When I took that map to the light to examine it, I made a couple of changes. You, you don't know. I made a few changes, just enough that vega sold a copy of the map to someone else. Another person would not stake out your husband's gold land. You keep right on moving, vega. We'll get to the bottom of this in short order now. Not much further to go.  If you've done what this mask man says. This is not true. Where's the map, vega? I have it here. Let's see it. Where's the claim we're supposed to stake out? Hey, I have the map. I do not give you the way. What's the bartender doing over there by that dead tree? Why, dog, that's just the spot that showed on this map is where Caleb said to stake the land. That's boxer, ain't it? That's who it is, Sarah. And he's taken out a claim. What's he doing it for? Ain't that where my husband's supposed to have his claim? That's where it's shown to be on the map. He's not my fault he's notifying it first. You can't prove nothing. That land box he's taking isn't worth a thing. But it's the land map. I made a change in the map, Mrs. Bixby. I told you that. Caleb showed a dotted line where you were to ride and stake the claim at the end of the dotted line along the edge of the ravine here. I extended the dotted line and put in a dead tree while I was looking at the map. That's where boxer is staking a claim. Oh, silver. Oh, oh, oh. What are we stopping here for? Right here is where your husband dug. This rock is where the claim is supposed to be staked. And you can go right ahead and stake it, Sarah. This is your husband's gold mine. Boxer has staked the wrong place. Hey there, what are you doing around here? I'm staking my husband's claim. You what? Vega betrayed you, boxer. He changed the map.  Come on, mullo, senor.  You took cash for me to talk to him. It's all right. He said just enough to make us sure what the mask man said was straight. Hey, not so fast, Vega. You're too handy with that knife. Oh, my hand. Now I reckon we have plenty of proof, Vega. My ginger. Now I'm sure that fellow's a crook. He double-crossed his own brother. He took cash for me. Said he was selling me a map to a good claim. I didn't know it was your land, Mrs. Bixby. You better tell that to the judge, boxer. I don't think you can be held for claim-jumping, but you can be run out of town.  No, no, I do not try to kill him. That's the charge, attempted murder. That'll be all you'll need to prove them guilty. It'll be plenty. Land-six, do you think you're the Polk at the Trill Caleb?  I ought to. Don't motion yours. Do not let her ask me. It's all right, Sarah. The law will deal with him. Now the mask man has showed them up. Are you silver? How are you? You have just heard of a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


The study found that a higher diet quality index, DQII, score was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition in Chinese older men. This suggests that nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of malnutrition could potentially be targeted on dietary quality. This article was offered by Sui S. Y. Yang, Ruth S. M. Chan, Jenny S. W. Li, and others.