coating on ceramic by wetting. Now, let us look the various ceramics in the ceramic family namely we have oxide ceramic, nitride ceramic, carbide ceramic and boride ceramic. So, oxide ceramic we can have aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, nitride it can be silicon nitride, aluminium nitride which are having engineering use, then carbide may be silicon carbide and boride boron carbide that is also another ceramic. Now, these ceramics have thus typical characteristics that they have a very high stability means the chemical stability and because of these they show passivity towards conventional metal and they are inert towards this metal and as such this surface of the ceramics cannot be wetted ordinarily by the commonly used metals. And in this scale we can also see that the oxide ceramic is the most stable followed by the nitride ceramic, then comes carbide ceramic and last which is least chemically stable that is the boride. Now, say if we consider titanium as one of that material element and in that case we can see immediately that titanium oxide is the most stable and titanium boride in that scale has the least chemical stability. This way we understand the inertness of a ceramic material in particular its surface towards a liquid metal and it cannot promote the wetting of this liquid metal. Now, as we have seen or know non reactive wetting and in non reactive wetting quickly we can have a look in non reactive wetting if this is the liquid and this is the solid then according to Young's equation we can immediately write this S v minus gamma S l that is equal to gamma l cos theta where this theta is the contact angle and there is no reactivity and this interface that is formed because of the very existence of physical force of attraction what we know as van der Waals force of attraction. And then we have a two phase system liquid and solid, but when we go to a reactive wetting in this case what we can see that the liquid surface it is resting over this solid, but then this wetting is promoted at least by a chemical reaction in this zone. So, here we have a chemical reaction and as a result a reaction product is formed this is the reaction product and it is now a three body system that means this is the liquid this is the original solid and here we have the reaction product which is also a solid. So, in that case what we have to make it is a three phase system 1 2 and 3 and in this case we have to modify this Young's equation showing the balance of force just by writing gamma S v minus gamma R S minus gamma R l minus C into delta G which is equal to now gamma l into cos theta. So, this is just the modification with respect to a non wetting case. So, here we have brought this is actually the interfacial energy between this reaction layer and the solid. So, R stands for the reaction layer and R s that is the interfacial energy in this boundary. So, this is the reaction layer this is the boundary and then we have minus gamma R l instead of S l solid liquid we have now the boundary between the reaction product and the liquid. So, it is gamma R l minus C into delta G. Now, this delta G is the free energy change of this reaction that means this reaction has taken place with associated with some change in free energy which is negative in nature and that is why we bring this delta G with a coefficient C and this coefficient C it is it depends upon the stoichiometry of this reaction product and also the number of moles of the reaction product which is formed per unit advancement of this liquid drop that means this liquid drop will keep on advancing and the value of theta will change. So, per unit advancement this mole fraction of this reaction product. So, that is actually taken care of by this coefficient C. So, this is the modified version of this Young's equation. Now, here most important thing is that the liquid which is otherwise passive is to be activated and to make it an active alloy or a metal there must be some additive which can promote the weighting of the passive metal or alloy it can be a pure metal or it can be one alloy. Now, in this case what we can look into that this way we can present that if we have a non reactive parent material and if we can have one additive which should be a reactive element and this parent metal which is passive plus this reactive element. So, they form a solution. So, in this case we may consider that the passive element or the passive metal this is actually a solvent and this additive which must be a reactive element and which goes into the solution and it is the solute. So, we get a solution now this is actually a reactive metal plus that reactive element and it becomes one alloy which is supposed to react on the surface producing this reaction product and as a result of this equation may be followed and as a consequence of this reaction we can find that theta value will be improved. That means, the theta value will be further reduced because of this promotion of this chemical reaction. So, this will lead to spontaneous spreading on ceramic. Now, when we refer to this coating of ceramic by a metal and its most important application would be in metal ceramic bonding because of the simple reason that if ceramic is already metallized by this wetting action then this metallized ceramic which is basically a bonding alloy that can be held or pressed against another metal counter part and if this temperature is raised to that point then immediately there will be a bonding between the basic metal and the ceramic making and sound joint or abrasion that is the whole idea. So, here what we find that formation of a reaction layer on the surface of the ceramic. So, this is very important statement formation of a reaction layer on the surface of ceramic. That means, if we consider here simply that say for example, the liquid A and here we have a solid B then this liquid A having some kind of reactivity it must react with B. So, it can be put in the general form M A plus N B that will give to a compound with this suffix M for A and suffix N for B. So, if it proceeds in this direction obviously, there is going to be a decrease in free energy of the reaction and this reactivity that will keep on going. However, this is not the sufficient condition for wetting what is important that this product which is formed here that should be a wetable reaction product. So, it can be safely said that this reaction is not the sufficient condition it is one of the necessary condition, but the sufficient condition would be that the reaction product should be wetable by this parent metal A which is in the liquid state. So, that means, that is why we can emphasize give stress on this term that is the formation of a reaction layer wetable by the parent alloy. Now, this calls for obviously, a reaction product which should be hypostoichiometric in nature that means, the reaction layer should be a metal rich product. Now, we can illustrate this point by this example, if we have say for example, graphite or diamond and over that we have say copper as the liquid, but this copper does not have any reactivity. So, it is a inert or a passive alloy. Now, what can be done as we have mentioned already here to promote the reactivity we have to have addition of one reactive element say for example, titanium is the reactive element. So, this is now copper solvent titanium solute. So, that is a combination which can now act to promote wetting and that can go in a very favourable way. However, since it is a source of carbon so obviously, we expect titanium and carbon to form T i c. So, that is the reaction and at a temperature favourable temperature it is expected that this titanium can react with carbon making titanium carbide. However, this titanium carbide cannot provide any wet ability towards copper. So, this is a stoichiometric titanium carbide. So, this stoichiometry will not help. However, if we can have a hypo stoichiometric reaction product that means, where we have say for example, C 0.5 that means, here atomic ratio is 2 is to 1 in that case titanium is it is this carbide it is rich in titanium and it can show some metallic character and this can be wettable by this copper. So, this is exactly what we mean by hypo stoichiometric reaction layer formation at the surface and this is the sufficient condition to promote wetting. Now, the question is how do we select this reactive element which are the best element and in respect of what are the criteria for choosing the best reactive element for a particular wetting activity. Now, here one can look into this transitional elements of group 4B, 5B and 6B. Now, if we look group 4B, 5B and 6B we have here titanium, zirconium, hafnium, here we have vanadium, niobium, tantalum and in the group 6 chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. Now, this transition elements are known as very good oxide former, carbide former, boride former and nitrite former. So, these are the strategic elements which can be used as a solute to make the parent element parent metal or parent alloy which is otherwise passive towards the ceramic surface and that can be activated. Now, here one should look into this point that whether this particular element whether it is titanium or tungsten or anything which can react with the surface of ceramic which is which can be oxide, nitride or carbide or even boride. So, there one has to look into whether this element at a particular temperature can react with this oxide or nitride or carbide or boride which is a basic ceramic forming titanium oxide, titanium nitride or titanium carbide or titanium boride for example, if this happens then this could be a good candidate as one of the solute or reactive element for use in for promoting the wettability of this so called passive alloy. If this is not the case then we have to choose the right element which can promote wettability. For example, if it is aluminum oxide then one has to look whether by having titanium in the alloy whether we can have a reaction by this aluminum oxide and titanium leading to some oxide of titanium. This is one important issue to be addressed or whether with aluminum oxide this transitional this 3 into 3 matrix one has to look into the suitability of one element in order or say its capability to react at a particular temperature and then this delta G should be negative. Say for example, say it is carbon it can be graphite or it can be diamond it can be graphite or it can be diamond. So, in this case whether we can use chromium so, whether you can we can use chromium for this that answer will be given by this value of delta G whether this can lead to some chromium carbide say CR7 C3 for example, and which will be weighted by the liquid metal and in that case perhaps chromium can be used. So, if the basic material is copper say for example, and we add titanium or we add chromium with copper and to see whether this chromium carbide is formed so, that this copper can weight this surface or it can be also if it is titanium with copper to look whether we get this carbon plus titanium a titanium carbide, but it should be hypo stoichiometric reach in titanium in order that copper can also weight this surface. So, this way one has to look for the right element reactive element which can goes in solution with the parent material. Now, parent material normally what we see for in common use common engineering use copper may be one of the strategic material used for this weighting purpose it can be copper silver also in nickel family it can be nickel it can be also nickel phosphorous system it can be nickel boron and silicon. Now, these are the metals or alloys which can be used for common brazing or joining purpose and this alloy this copper or silver copper or nickel base family they readily weight the metal surface, but when it is the question of weighting the ceramic surface then this formulation has to be changed and this formulation has to be changed by bringing one of those strategic element from group 4 5 or 6 so, that they can go into solution either in this copper base system or copper silver base system or in the nickel base system. So, that becomes an useful active alloy which can lead to spontaneous weighting and spreading over the ceramic surface. Now, one important issue also one has to consider the parent passive material. Now, what we have seen here that these are the strategic reactive material and here what we see that this is just a pure metal this is one binary alloy this is pure metal this is a binary alloy and this is even with three ternary. Now, here the basic objective is to promote weighting that means, there will be spontaneous spreading of the liquid once it is brought in contact with the solid surface at a particular temperature maintaining certain environment and may be reducing atmosphere it can be inert atmosphere flushed with argon reducing means with enriched with hydrogen or it can be high vacuum. So, at that under that environment this is supposed to have spontaneous spreading, but here comes the question whether we use this pure metal or a binary alloy or even a ternary alloy that means, it is silver copper and M. Now, what is the role of this M? Now, to consider this particular issue we have to look in to this question that what is the contact angle? Contact angle means this weighting angle contact angle is the index of weighting whether it is good weighting or poor weighting that is straight forward given by this contact angle and it can be experimentally measured it can be observed. So, from that one can immediately get a fast hand information on the effectiveness of the alloy. Now, here comes the question if it is a reactive element say for example, titanium what should be the concentration level of titanium to promote weighting? Whether it is the same amount of titanium required with copper whether it is the same amount required with this copper silver or when we have a ternary passive alloy whether we have to increase the concentration or we can decrease the concentration. Now, question is if this higher level of titanium that is detrimental to the quality of adhesion or it favours or promotes adhesion larger quantity of titanium. So, here one can look into this particular issue that titanium which goes in solution with the basic metal. So, how much is the heat of solution that means, what will be the level of solubility in that parent metal or the parent alloy and what will be the activity level of titanium. So, this point has to be looked into with utmost care and only under that condition we can really find out the best quantity or the best concentration of titanium which will promote weighting of a particular base metal that means, in this case for example, here this m we can replace this m by either indium or by tin. Now, what is the role played by this indium or tin and that is why what we have mentioned here, if we go here we have the reactive element contact angle depends upon the concentration of the reactive element then the basic parent metal that also influence the quantity of minimum quantity of this reactive element that is necessary to promote weighting and here weighting means we understand that it should be better than less than theta should be less than 10 degree and that we consider as spontaneous spreading. So, to satisfy this condition of contact angle what are those which are really dictating this particular contact angle, one is the reactive element that means, the choice of the reactive element whether it is from group 4, 5 or 6 then its concentration then what is the parent metal whether it is the parent metal or one binary alloy or whether it is a ternary alloy and what is the role of this ternary element and last but not the least it is the temperature prevalent temperature at which this weighting process is initiated it is conducted. Now, one major issue to be considered here is the solubility of titanium in the alloy because it is a solution or activity of titanium, if solubility is higher then activity of this reactive element that will decrease exactly what does it mean that when we add indium in this system what happens the solubility of titanium in this alloy that decreases and thereby the activity of titanium increases. So, we have activity on one side and we have solubility on the other hand other side. So, this is this refers to titanium that means, if solubility increases then the activity falls, but we do not want such situation what we want that we must take the minimum quantity of titanium or the reactive element which is sufficient enough to promote weighting that means, this metal should be highly active and for that the condition should be maintained is to reduce the solubility of this reactive element which one here titanium for example, and its solubility in this basic alloy or in the solution that should be brought down. And this reduction of solubility of this titanium is possible by one strategic material and which has been found to be indium or tin. So, their basic role is to not only to reduce the melting point or the solidus and liquidus point that is one advantage, but more importantly is to increase the activity of titanium and to reduce its solubility in the parent alloy. So, here we see the weighting process parameters. So, it is actually concentration of the reactive element in the parent material, processing temperature, timer temperature and environment. Obviously, when it is an alloy say containing chromium we can use either vacuum environment or reducing atmosphere if it is permitted by the base material metal to be jointed. So, if it is the chromium as the reactive element then either this reducing atmosphere or a vacuum environment can be used. Now, inert atmosphere to use this one high grade argon or similar gas is to be injected or admitted in the reactor to reduce the level of oxygen, but when it is the activator is titanium or similar material from group 4 in that case we know that this reducing atmosphere by passing a stream of hydrogen that is not desirable because of this hydride of titanium will form readily. So, in that case a vacuum environment is most desirable to promote this weighting and for this kind of material. So, vacuum environment is always desirable and vacuum means it is not a rough vacuum it is a high vacuum and in that case the titanium is prevented from getting oxidized and it can be 100 percent utilized in promoting weightability by this reaction over this ceramic surface. Now, here one thing is extremely important thickness of the reaction layer. Now, what is the importance of ternary alloy ternary element that can be realized here. Now, if we consider weighting angle and amount of titanium which can promote weighting in the same level what we can see that when it is just copper and titanium we need a high percentage of titanium to promote weighting, but when it is copper and silver which is an eutectic composition 72 and 28 here it is about 5 to 10 percent and when it is silver copper it can be just 2 percent, but when we use copper silver indium this can be reduced to around just 1 percent. Similarly, just plus 1 percent titanium similarly we can achieve such a good result with tin with just 1.5 percent of titanium. So, not only this is not only one issue, but at the same time the temperature required temperature to promote weighting that can be also reduced. Say when we use copper silver indium with 1 percent titanium we can have a curve. So, here it is actually temperature. So, with this temperature what we can see it is a falling curve and this may be for example, 720 750 and 780 degrees and here the weighting angle say for example, 50 then this is around 30 and it is around 15 degree. This is just an illustration and this can go pretty well with this alloy. Now, to have a good weightability even with this to get a value of 30 degree with such an alloy one has to go even as high as 830 degree to get a value around weighting angle of 30 degree. So, what we see from this finding that this activity of titanium which is not actually bonded by this alloy, here this is free, here this is free and solubility of titanium in the silver copper system that is reduced and activity of titanium is increased, but here though it is 2 percent activity of titanium is not that high and that is why we need higher temperature to promote weighting and since this is high percentage of titanium which is still higher just with copper and titanium it is around between 5 to 10 percent at least necessary to promote this weighting and in this case what happens the reaction layer what forms on this surface this is ceramic and on that we have this reaction layer and on that we have this brazing material. So, this is the ceramic that means, say Al 2 O 3 and here we have the oxide layer which will be in form of T I O X and over that we can have this parent alloy. So, this reaction layer of T I O X that is that formation is very important here and this X should be at least one or favorably, deserably less than one this is our experience that if it is around T I O then good weighting the sign of good weighting that is visible, but if we have still lower than that around 0.5 immediately this attains a metallic nature and it becomes a metallic oxide and this is readily weightable by the silver copper mostly it is copper, but if it is not the case then what happens that before T I O is form the reaction layer could be also T I 2 O 3 and over this surface weighting is all extremely difficult and this is not a favorable case. So, what we understand that this presence of indium or tin that increases the activity of titanium and with this small amount of titanium a thin reaction layer is formed readily and which is promoting the weighting, but when we have higher percentage of titanium this is just not our desire, but this is a necessity without which this weighting is not possible. So, if we just put here theta against titanium with this copper now here it is a copper titanium system. So, we can find that this is something like this. So, this good weighting it comes around 5 percent of titanium and in this case what we see because of this high amount of titanium we get a thick reaction layer over this surface.  So, this is now a thick reaction layer and outer surface is also O x and where x is around 0.5, but this is thin and this is thick over which we have also good weighting, but the main problem is that the problem of adhesion of this weighted surface weighted film it is simply because of the reason that this reaction layer is thick it has different mechanical property in comparison to basic liquid and that of the ceramic. It cannot adjust itself to the change in volume because of this change in temperature. That means, coefficient of thermal expansion of this reaction layer that is quite different from that of liquid and that of aluminum oxide and as a result of that what is going to happen this may lead to crack formation and the joint may break and this can happen with any of the ceramic it is not only the question of aluminum oxide it can happen with silicon carbide silicon nitride and other material boron nitride boron carbide. So, the main objective in weighting in deposition of a coating by spontaneous spreading or weighting it is just not getting a good value of this theta, but also to have good adhesion at this point and this calls for fine reaction layer or a very thin reaction layer which will not affect this stress differential or change in volume at the interface because of this large size. And to achieve that one has to formulate this alloy in such a manner that the role of the ternary element that is well realized well understood and it plays one of the important role to promote always the activity of this reactive element that means, its role is basically to reduce the solubility of this reactive material in the basic parent material. So, here we look into this adhesion and weightability, now adhesion and weightability one would like to achieve both of them that means, good weightability is important to have a uniform coating. So, it should not come in the form of a lump it should have spontaneous spreading over the surface and at the same time this surface which is coated by this liquid material by virtue of its spontaneous spreading it must also build a very strong interface with the base material. And in normal case what we see, if this is the weighting angle and this is the percentage of titanium then with ordinary alloy what we see that it goes unless we have certain percentage of titanium it does not show any sign of falling theta it will be more or less marginally I mean for all practical purpose it is same and then it shows the sign of falling. So, it is falling like this and here one should aim at getting the value of this theta which is around 10 degree and that we accept as the very good weighting or spreading, but at the same time if we consider the bond strength the bond strength comes like something like this it comes like this that means, this is actually where we get the highest bond strength and on the two sides we have low bond strength.  So, that we have carbide formation in case if it is a source of carbon if it is an oxide ceramic then it should be a titanium oxide if it is a nitride ceramic most likely it should be titanium nitride ok it should be titanium nitride, but in all cases there we need a certain amount of titanium to promote this reaction throughout the entire contact zone. So, this can be oxygen and this can be nitrogen that means, it is a source of carbon source of oxygen or nitrogen. So, unless we have certain quantity of titanium this is not going to happen and with certain percentage one attains the very peak of adhesion strength and this we can call work of adhesion that means, energy required per unit area to separate this interface into two surfaces. However, after certain point what we see that this bond strength is falling. Now, this bond strength is falling because of the vigorous reaction now vigorous reaction means here instead of a fine layer it is the thickening of the reaction layer and this thickening of the reaction layer that goes along with titanium amount of titanium and this amount of increased amount of titanium actually thickens the layer and at the same time making the outer surface richer in titanium. So, the outer surface which is richer in titanium that means, here a very low value of X and with that we have a still further improved wetting, but that is at the cost of bonding. So, this thick reaction layer no longer supports any externally applied force and the breakage occurs at this interface. So, what should be the aim of this investigation should be to have proper formulation of this material which is a reactive metal or a reactive alloy which can have spontaneous wetting and in this case it should be the sole objective to have the highest possible reactivity of this reactive element. For example, in this case of titanium with its lowest possible concentration that means, it is the highest level of activity with its lowest possible concentration and in that case we can achieve the outermost layer which should be rich in titanium that means, the sole objective would be to have in the quickest possible time a outermost layer of this reaction layer, outermost surface of this reaction layer which is thin and outermost surface is rich in titanium. So, in that case we can achieve this wettability we even with less percentage. So, that means, if we draw this graph it is something like this. So, it should be one should try to have something like this that means, the percentage of titanium what is necessary to have wetting good wetting with certain formulation that can be still modified with a better value of titanium that means, with a still lower value of titanium to have the same level of wetting and in that case we can also have good bonding. So, in this graph we can see if this is our satisfactory wetting. So, see this point must be shifted here and we must be able to find out a proper formulation of the alloy. So, that with small amount of titanium we can get the same level of wetting, but without sacrificing the bond strength. So, with that we can summarize this subject as ceramic is ordinarily passive towards metal and alloys because of their high chemical stability and exhibits non wetting characteristics. However, metals or alloys can be activated towards ceramic surface if formulated with addition of reactive elements from transition group. The reactive elements are found to be more effective in ternary alloys than that in binary alloy or pure metal.


Welcome to access a trader the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success profitability and longevity Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge master your process and own your future Hey guys. Good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the access trade dot com that we wrap up show everybody is Doing well. Well today was Well, it was something right today was definitely something It's so amazing and the one thing I constantly Go over and kind of drill it into New traders like over and over again, and that's the idea that you don't need to know everything at once. Okay Time is your Best teacher right experience is the difference between Somebody who's doing this for 20 years or somebody's doing this for 20 weeks. Okay, you're not going to understand That's most understand everything. Okay, but the most important part of any process, right? Now, obviously I trade a very specific way Through these channels is I talk about patience again. Everybody uses the word patience But again, most of the people they don't know what they are waiting for and that's a it's a very very important part of Being in control of your trading and you know for this whole week. We've had some good opportunity Okay, we've had some really good opportunity But again, if you've been watching this video kind of over and over again You kind of see me talking about the lack of a mass appeal of this market because most of the channels Have been getting contracted again. You catch Netflix here. You catch Tesla here Roku this way here You know throughout the week. That's fine You know you wait for your spots you pick and choose but the most important part they you know, and especially we here's the most ironic part This morning at morning strategy.  Okay, the channels that contract them. It sucks We're not getting the big three four or five dollar moves.  It's just the reality But what you can't control is your ability to stay solvent until you have very very clear path to the goal line I think that's a very very important part of what we do as professional traders I don't care if you train for two weeks or 20 weeks or 20 years It's very very important to stay in control by focusing on things that are in your control instead of wishing and hoping For things that you can't okay, and the most important part about today was that It's so ironic how you can make a plan Okay, you can have a very very good plan you do your research and all that good stuff because last night again If you guys watched the video last night, you know, we talked about semiconductors, right? We talked about the SNH's we talked about The value in the group because it looks like they were about to break out and when you woke up this morning, okay? The first thing you saw was a week of market right a weaker tape All the semiconductors were down. They were all down across the board and I said wow this kind of sucks because Number one, this was the only group that was gonna give us really good potential Because again, how much do you really wanted to keep to continue to chase Tesla? You know, it was good yesterday the day before the day before that day before that nine days in a row This sucks up $60. I mean, what do you want to do? How much more do you want to squeeze out of this trade? Again, it's not that saying it can't go higher just to say there's value of better places safer places places that you can control the risk and The most amazing part when you talk to me, you know, we were talking about morning strategy how number one I didn't believe that this whole tariff thing Was going to take place on the 15th. I just didn't think I think I think the White House has a knack a really really great knack of just when you think things are about to go off the deep edge They kind of pull you off the cliff and then they get get things all a lot better and today was a prime example of not Playing things or watching things that were out of our focus Here's a perfect example today how Your plan you need to give your plan your course of action the benefit of the doubt Okay, doesn't make a difference how the market opens you want to see the market kind of tell you you're wrong to look at other places and again, here's the most amazing part that we were waiting for the expansion day and Today the market just expanded Times a hundred. Okay, the White House again saved the day semi-conductors woke up and the candles that they put in Where some of the more most aggressive candles I can remember again remember guys remember this again This is the you know, these were the pivots right these were the pivots at the open And again, you can see NVIDIA and clack and Texan and Qualcomm right these were the pivots We'll talk about Roku in a second Roku had a really really had a really good solid short on Roku on the way down But it was all it was all sevens right it was all semi-conductors for the exception of Netflix Roku and shop that in shop never confirmed. We'll talk about that in a second But it was all I mean the value is literally all semi-conductors And the most important part was if you're an adult and these things didn't confirm you were out of pocket today again I'm not gonna start chasing some $20 stocks and $2 stock who cares about these things. It's not what I do and I'm okay with that I am okay of missing out things. I'm not comfortable with so today was actually Incredibly important then not only did the White House kind of save the day But they saved it in the most majestic way and again when you look at a stock like a Texas instrument Or a clack, right? Or a Qualcomm they don't put up $3 canvas. They don't put up 5. They just don't do it I mean the video you'll you know in the video you'll see that once in a while You know that they will not do that and what we saw today Off the open was absolutely amazing and again the one thing that you can't do you can't catch everything, right? Out of all the things here again the one I was concentrating on the video.  You can there's no way there's no way mentally you can catch Qualcomm clack Texas instruments in the video Everything at once that you'd have to be a super human. You have to be super You know just a super human being okay, you know you're a better human being than I am You can't do it but again the most important part is track the stocks that you want to trade Okay, track the names that you feel comfortable with and then put them on with with extreme prejudice when they confirm technical Not the way you hope they confirm they confirm technically and again at the open it was just out of control I treated Nvidia. I mean the video nuts. I mean the video went absolutely nuts today I thought I had a shot at 220 right? You know here's the you know here's the the 1780, right? Here's the 217 90 218 needs to build here's a sneaky pivot right here Here's the sneaky pivot on the video if you look at the two candles here, right? I wasn't blinded up here here Here was the area right here to 1789 was the high here to 1780 was the high here again talk about needs to You know needs to build above to 1790 218 just exploded. I thought it was gonna stop at 220, right? I thought it was gonna stop at 220 right here with this Bollinger band It wasn't even there. It's like it wasn't even there, right?  What was the last time? Okay, when was the last time you saw a clock? Okay, you saw a clock and let me show you on a five-minute challenge exactly exactly how great a great just crazy was here Was a 6750 right? What was the last time you saw a clock putting up a $5 can?  I know a lot of you guys called Texas instruments 123 90 124 Texas was actually one of the first ones to wake up, right? Here was the 2390 The daily chart said that 24 we talked about this last night in the video 124 went to almost one, you know 127 again $3 candle in Texas instruments It's it's like it's like catching a $25 candle on Amazon. It's just you don't see that every day. Just absolutely ridiculous again Netflix never obviously confirmed to 292 Qualcomm 80 again 87 20 again. When was the last time you saw a qualcomm?  I mean just it's just an absolute ridiculous candle Here was the 87 20 and the stock went to like 89 and change again Crazy just absolutely crazy Here was a massive move in Roku guys. Congratulations. Well you guys who caught Roku the daily chart was 143 Okay, I was watching Roku for the last three days. It just wouldn't rally Okay, just kind of sat there in this in this ugly little channel every time We actually even talked about Roku for the last several days and we said how you every single time it looks like it wanted to You know go lower went higher and every time looking one of the guy went lower and we talked about this 43 level and the reason why I put If you notice here, I put 142 60 if it builds below can flush there was A lower Bollinger man there that needed to hold and need to break. So if only guys are trading on the Twitter feed I didn't want to have you guys at 143 go down at 42 60 have a rally right back in your face and then go That's why I put 42 60 as the pivot But again, if you look at the daily chart again, if you look at the low for the last four days, right? 143 13 and they confirmed and I said there was a puncher shot It could get there to the 38s 39s, which was the 50 day and once it got below of that Okay, once it got below that I said there was a puncher shot at 36 and if you look at the low Was 3680 so I caught this thing pretty well It wasn't bad wasn't bad at all.  So, you know going into going into tomorrow's session I mean again gotta be bullish for it. I mean you gotta buy both you gotta be bullish There's still a bunch of semiconductors That look like they could go higher AMD and again again What was the last time outside of earnings was last time you saw AMD put up a $3 channel, right? Just absolutely nuts Semi-conductors just going just going ape just absolutely ape Ironically, there was a lot of weak weak names today, you know Netflix was read Netflix was read Roku was read Facebook had that FTC news That we saw really really early. I know a lot of you guys. I know Jeremy caught the puts the 195 puts very very aggressively again Here's the measured move to 94 50 By and D was read Boeing was red square was barely green. So yeah, you still had a lot of weakness, right? You still have I mean in the Amazon up 11 on a day like this I mean that's kind of weak, but maybe you know, maybe wakes up in the next couple days But again, it's very very important put in the research night before Have an opinion and wait for it to play out. So that's very very important.  Is it that tickless the semi no that thing's not a semiconductor So let me give you guys some names that I do like for tomorrow Goldman Goldman Sachs looks great Goldman Sachs looks great. This is the highest close in the whole whole formation if Goldman's can start reclaiming 227 here's your kind of your measure potential 227 here's the weekly chart should get to about 230 Any close above 230 on Goldman Sachs has a lot of room up to the 250 So it might be a multiple day scenario and again one of the things you could do If it gives you weakness look at the 60 minute view and it's trying to try to find an area of support that you can buy Goldman off the 60 minute view, but again needs to reclaim that 227 level And the big breakout today Congratulations for putting in the time to take control of your trading You're one step closer to owning your future and achieving the success you desire Want daily trade ideas directly from Dan straight off his personal watch list? Unlock our free ps60 vault where you'll get nightly updates on pivot opportunities. We're watching for the next day session Click the link in the description to get started today


So, testing. Hi. Okay, it works. So, hello, everybody. Nice to see you again. Thanks for being interested about YAST. I can introduce myself. My name is Duncan. I work for SUSE as a team lead for the YAST team in Nuremberg. Yeah, we are in charge of all the installation configuration modules and also quite a lot of base libraries for the system. What I want to share with you today is mostly what are we working on right now. Last year, I did also a presentation here, and I share with you mostly the improvements we did across the distributions. We are going to do a quick review of those in case you were not here last year, and then I will show you what we are working on, and let's see if you can get excited to also help us. So, the talk is mostly three parts. I think you can ignore the timings there because I'm really bad with timings, so I'm pretty sure it won't work. I'm going to talk about where are we now? What were the latest improvements in the development, and then later show what were the, what are the challenges and opportunities we have, and what are we doing about that. And then I will do a small demo about one small technology we plan to release, I hope in the next version, at least as a preview or first early version. So, where is Yast right now? It's difficult to define Yast because it's a program, it's also a development environment, it's also knowledge, and it's tied to almost every part of the distribution, but today you have basically an environment where you can configure the system in almost any area. Not all the modules are known by the people because quite a lot of them are shipped only, for example, for SLES, while they are still open source and they are still in our repository, not much users cares about that, about them. The areas we have include file sharing, we can configure clients and server for NFS, Samba, I'm going to talk exactly about a problem about, for example, these modules. We have quite advanced partitioning, that means we are able to partition the system on installation, and also we provide a tool to do quite advanced partitioning with LVM cryptographic. You can basically build your own stack of storage with it. We have, of course, really, really important, one of the most used task software management. All the modules are integrated between them, and that's what makes different the approach SUSE has for configuration to, for example, Fedora is doing. I was just in a talk about the August project, and they want to expose these services for configuration, but they are exposing the configuration files to the applications. That means you get the knowledge among all applications, and that's the knowledge just captures. For example, if you configure a web server, the web server module will be called, you will be asked to, if you don't have the Apache installed, it will talk with the software module to actually get the package there first, and once the Apache is configured, it will talk with the security, the firewall module, to open the port, so you make sure that the port 80 is open. That's quite important in Linux, we can't see configuration as just, let's open this configuration file and let's change the value, because that usually doesn't work. Apart from that, we have support to configure hardware. This is actually becoming less important, because in the latest time, this is like a commodity, almost everything works out of the box. Things like printing configuration is also not much needed anymore, but there are stuff that needs also knowledge from different parts. For example, if you want to configure fingerprint scanner, then yeah, you need to set up the desktop environment, so it actually uses the password or something with the fingerprint scanner. And we also got a new module, this is new in the last release, we added a nice overview of all the security, so you don't need to know or be a security expert, just can tell you more or less how secure your system and what settings you can change. So that's where we are now. Here, I put a special part of help, why this does important, because we maintain so many modules. A lot of modules doesn't have much audience, but they are for specific customers that need some solution. In the case of Herbit, we need more people involved with the use cases, because some people complain that it's not very complete, but we don't have actually the knowledge to say what kind of features the people using Herbit needs. So that's a nice project if you're interested in clustering and monitoring. So what are the things we accomplished last year? We become pretty. Some magazine even said we are like the most sexy installation and stuff like that. And actually, if you look at Windows 7 installation, we are still pretty also. The nice thing here is that we are not pretty by default, but you can, if you are building appliances, for example, you can see SUSE Studio. SUSE is going in a direction where you can build your own distribution. And we make also easy that if you want to set up your own branding here in the installation, it's quite easy to do. This is based on CSS QT4. So it's quite standard style sheet. You don't need to be a developer to change this. We got a little bit simpler. That means if you look at the installation, this is the code 10 or the 10 series installation steps to get distribution installed. And this is how the 11 looks like. It was accomplished by different ways, like mixing a lot of screens in one screen. You don't want a screen just to agree the license and then to select where you are and then to select what's your language. You can just ask those in one screen. But also a lot of the functionality was moved to the desktop. Like registering to get an update repository was really not something you, you can discuss it but it's better to do the installation. But our goal was to get a simple installation so we move everything to the runtime. The first time you log into the desktop, the distribution will ask you, hey, if you want updates, please click here, open your browser and get just open and register your system. Also, other things like, well, small was not there but small was also moved to the desktop. If you want to submit your hardware, so to contribute to the small community. The first time you log in, it will ask if you want to contribute to the small community and send your hardware profile, which is quite important for business actually to prioritize which drivers should we invest in. We also got simple not only the installation but also doing modules that get permanently reviewed. Like I think the most important case was the partitioner. Also some of the modules are being continuously reviewed by usability people and doing drastic redesigns. In the case of the partitioner, people liked the new redesign, I think because the old one was not very, not much loved. Still, we are not in the perfect, there are a lot of complaints about some small details but much more progress as the first one. And we got fast. The worst nightmare from code 10 was about speed and then we got fast and I think 11.1 was a stage of maturity of the package management. We were fast already, it was nice to use and that allows us to focus not in basic things but on different stations. And that's the stage where we are now. In 11.1, we introduced a little bit of new infrastructure. We were not able to finish all the final features, actually present them to the user but it was, we are going to release less 10, is less 11. We had to put all the infrastructure for product management, other management and decide those things before. So for OpenSUSE, it's not that critical infrastructure is there and now for 11.2, we want to actually introduce some value in there. The Satsolver also was mentioned at the talk, it's not only used by Lipsip now but it's also used in SUSE Studio. So SUSE Studio has like a real-time REST server that does dependency resolution. Actually, there was a kind of Fedora was also trying to do a project in the same direction called Razor but it's really, really underground because they also have this political problem that Yam is official one so they have some project externally but they are, I haven't seen much activity there. It would be nice if they also will leverage this project. As you can see, the difference in some things like memory usage were much better. I don't put Debian here to compare because Debian is a complete different use case. They do dependency resolution in a complete different way. They depend on packages, they don't depend on binary libraries, for example. So if a package breaks the libraries it provides, Debian will just break. The difference of the problem you are solving is Debian is solving thousands of dependencies while we are solving millions. That's why it's better to compare with other RPMs solution that are basically solving the same problem. And we are integrated. Yes, it's not a program but it's actually a citizen of the distribution. We are present from the moment you take a CD you use YAS to install the distribution in your computer and from there you can create a profile to clone, to clone the installation and use a normal web server and use auto YAS to and define profiles for every department or every son of your company and automatically install the distribution in computers. But even if you don't want to get the computer completely installed and you would like people in not laptops, for example, to personalize some aspect of the auto installation, you can also use First Boot to allow them in the First Boot to set up more things. Open SUSE has made enormous progress with, for example, the build service, now SUSE Studio also providing repositories. And we also integrate somehow in this chain because Novel Customer Center provides supported updates for enterprise products. We have now Novel SMT, which is Novel Customer Center as a proxy you can use inside your enterprise. It's also GPL. It's not package in Open SUSE, I think, but it's GPL code also. And we allow with the YAS product creator also to take repositories from Open SUSE defined products and get the updates back to the enterprise. So we are not a program. We are in every place and that's the complexity. So what are the challenges and opportunities we have? Let me synchronize myself with my okay. So there are basically three kind of challenge. One was we are introducing a lot of functionality in the base system that is not visible for the user. Sometimes because, as I say, we have needs like we have to release less and this infrastructure has to be there. Sometimes it's because the Open SUSE cycles are really short when the next release is coming and we have a lot of things to do. And the other challenge is the community. We would like YAS to be used as a platform for development. People actually consuming and contributing to it. Also, we would like to outsource everything that we don't want to focus on. I mean, there are a lot of modules. We really, inside the team, we don't have anyone interested in those modules because nobody, I don't know, I don't have a mainframe in my office. We sell mainframes configuration to other companies. So we cool that actually the same people that use the mainframes contribute to YAS to add more expertise. Otherwise, the features only come directly from the customers and nobody else. So we need to enhance the community. Another topic is distributions to make YAS part citizen of also other distributions. We set a lot of rules like in the past, especially in the package management area, to leverage technologies used by others. For example, the patch format is now the same as Fedora uses. We have a package kit provider that works pretty well. And this makes really more strife forward to use the YAS or pieces of YAS in other distributions. But there are still a lot of problems because you have three stages. First, I need to get the code built, which is already hard. I mean, try to compile Lipsip on Mandriva and they use a completely different RPM headers and it just doesn't build. And we don't have the time to, every time we do make in our system to actually test if it builds in Mandriva. But we can solve that with some automation and quality assurance like we have, for example, now automated builds for the software stack and when a developer makes a change in the code, we automatically trigger a rebuild run the compete test case and if the test case pass, we create an RPM and send it to the build service. So in the build service, the SIPP head project has RPM's that are from the latest chicken of a developer that didn't break anything. We think we can follow the same approach to integrate with other distributions. Once it builds, you need to actually work that things work and YAS still has a lot of code that assumes a lot of things about the system and you don't want to end in a position like web mean that claims to support every distribution but nobody dares to try it because it can break everything. So one of the things we have to, we can add value, for example, we introduce package history and this is a quite interesting feature because the infrastructure is really, really simple. YAS, Lipsip writes the history of everything that is happening to your system like installing packages, removing, and why it's so important, why you can just look at the RPM database and see the timestamps. Because the infrastructure is there. We are missing the viewer, which is something probably Yano will implement for SIPP. I'm not promising for you, but we'll also get in the packet selectors some kind of viewer to see what have you done to the system. And also it's the first step to try to do a rollback. We have dream with rollback for ages. It has been a feature that is every cycle over we want rollback. We will try to approach it with realize that it's really hard. But then why try to solve the hard problem? Let's try to start with a simple one. Let's why not rollback the last package you installed or the last group of transactions you did. So we are going to try that. And also there is some feature which is called system cleanup. You install things to try and especially Linux is just install, install, install, and then you don't know what is in there that actually you need, what not. And getting rid of things you don't need is basically looking all the packages that are not required by other packages, which is called the lift packages. But it's not true that every lift package is unused because you can have a program that you install yourself. So you need to know if actually you install the program or the program was triggered by as a requirement for other. So that information is actually there when we write this lock. We know that it was the user or if it was the solver who triggered the request. So if Michael Freders, that solver was the author, that's the algorithm he told he will do. We could fit the solver with this information and actually create some kind of algorithm to clean up the system. That would be really, really nice. Just in case the lock is now there, it's a simple text lock so you can use it as a system to see what happened to your system. All the output of the script is there. We will invest a little bit in the partitioner because we already started investing in it. The storage area is growing quite fast and people need to understand what the complex stack of how the storage system is built. They need to understand it easily. So from the code, from the experience, we will learn what will be the feedback of the customers about the new redesign. We will work a little bit there, especially with some less features using tempFS, probably x4FS, we will be also that even if we don't have to do it, we will need to do it at some point because everyone else will have it. That's for example how it looks the storage now in trunk, which is already much nicer with all the different icons for every kind of storage device and also some kind of overviews. We are doing usability tests there with usability equipment to follow the eyes of people, how much they need to switch the eyes from here to here and try to adapt that. I think the area where we are most investing in usability. What about the community? I present you the YAS community. The current situation is actually not good. The mailing list, a lot of people participating in it. We have a lot of bug reporters. I think that position is completely filled already. And we have a couple of people that do pretty nice contributions, like Benjamin Bever who invented one click install and other guys doing modules. We have people contributing to the live UI, which is you know that YAS has this library, can you do QT and curses, GTK, and you can use that library in your own software development if you need to do software without depending on YAS, competing dependent on YAS. And we have some people using this library in the company to create multi UI software. We need to grow that part. And I think that can be done also, moving YAS, stopping thinking that open source is the world and moving YAS more to other distributions also. Then you will get people automatically because open source is also not the biggest community out there. If you look at the people, we need to lower the barrier because we can't expect people to help if they can't, they need to learn. I mean, there are projects that people doesn't help you, doesn't mean that your software is bad. There are a lot of communities out there including open office for example. It's a great software. But they also complain that they don't have developers. Try to build open office. You need a day if you want to learn how to build it. If you want to do a change, you need probably more time. But if you look at other projects like Firefox, in Firefox you can create an extension in five minutes by reusing the same knowledge about HTML and JavaScript you have. So they did really nice there. I haven't seen, for example, as many extensions for Conqueror. Even if I am a KD developer, I would prefer to use Conqueror. But why do I need to learn all this stuff just to make the extension? You are not that important to waste my time on that. And we have to learn also that we are not so important to actually get all the people to learn or APIs or YCP languages and so on. So we are doing, we need to open the YAST for other kind of knowledge out there. And also help participation using the build service. We moved some projects to get repositories to allow easily cloning and forking of a project. Let's see if that works. And we need to reduce complexity. I don't know if anyone has seen this complexity with all the build service repositories. For us it's a nightmare. I mean, we have repositories that build any kind of unstable project on every architecture or any distributions. Well, the first example is actually fake. I made it up. But the second one is actually real. There is a repository called Level Language Ruby Extensions compiled for OpenSUSE 11.1 built on top of the repository, Level Language Ruby, which is not the official Ruby that you find in distribution. And if people that has to do long with users in a long time, they understand what that means and they can understand the distribution. But other people don't. And they just report bugs like, I am a user. I got KD4. I don't like it. I want the new one that is out there. And I install it and it doesn't work. So what was the problem? It needs another repository to be added to fulfill the dependencies. But why do we need to waste time explaining that it should work out of the box? For that we can leverage some new infrastructure we have also seen the last version like Jan explained it. We have the SIP services. SIP services are used, how I am with time? Okay. We have, it is less used as that because it is less talked with another customer center and knows which customer has which products. So when you add another repository in the enterprise, Susie, it sends the idea of the client. And in the server side we know which customer it is and which repos he can use for updates. So we send him a service totally customized from him that has a list of repos that changes every time he refreshes this list. And if we someday want to merge two repos we can do it on the server side. This can be used in open Susie to reduce a lot of complexity of repositories. Because the user is already interacting with the build service. He has an account there. He has a list of favorite repositories. So he could put all this information in the server which already is. And then the machine could just say other service URL from the build service that has the login of the user or something like that. And also pass as a header the distribution and get back all the reserve repos he needs. Even with dependencies. Then if he wants to go more risky and say I want one more level of instability, he could just set it in his account and he could get back a different list of repos the next time. And at least we will also solve problems for example of distribution upgrade. Right now we do the distribution upgrade and we need to disable all the repositories and try to see which one will work in the next version and then re-add them again after. It's a mess we can solve with infrastructure we have now. I'm not sure if this one will be a priority for the next version but we will surely work on it later. And then we have this problem. I'm pretty sure that more than one of you had this problem with trying to upgrade OpenSUSE. The problem is that if you want community to actually get involved they need to easily follow the distribution in the latest state. And if it's frustrating they just will say, oh in Debian everything works and I will go just to Debian. Actually in Debian it doesn't work, I have used Debian. But we can still make it easy. There are a lot of reasons why this doesn't work. One of the reasons is of course, as Peter mentioned in his talk before, not everybody has connectivity that allows you to download the terabytes we mentioned before. So we are working on this right now and it will be almost sure in the next version. Which is leveraging the mirror brain we have in OpenSUSE and we are going to switch LiveSIP to stop using curler stupid HDB client to use ARIA, which actually understand these metalings, can record information about how was your connections using the pass or this mirror was faster and can then reload these rankings of mirrors and reuse them again, combine it with the rankings the mirror brain suggest and so on. Always download the most efficient things. Also if it fails it doesn't tell you immediately this failed press cancel continue but it will try a little bit harder to get the stuff down. So that's one of the things that can make a better experience for people. And the next things are factory has to push less RPMs. If RPMs doesn't change it doesn't make any sense to send out an RPM with a time stamp but the same content and this is mostly done. It was done last week you can see the blocks out there. We could use delta pms in factory and that's part of the infrastructure we have since 11.0. You can use delta pms in any repository even if you don't have patches in that repository. And we could use that for delta at least from the latest factory state we could offer delta for the people. And this thing we are also working on right now which is change the commit policy of live saving a more flexible way. Here installing is fine to download one RPM, install it, download one RPM and install it. If you are doing this upgrade maybe you want first to get all the RPMs and then start because if it fails in the middle or if you are in some place where you don't have good connectivity or something you can basically scrub your machine and then you are. This is for sure coming for the next one. We also have Bagon. I'm going to be a little faster so I can show you the demo of the next part. Bagon is a tool to do the upgrade. The same thing as this upgrade but in graphical just. And it will be used also in SLES for doing the migration from one to the next service pack. It's basically this upgrade in a graphical way. And then it's all the just use cases we have. Just talks, people want to use the just functionality from a lot of different scenarios. And that's what we are trying to find a common way for developers to use just. We have for example the Dibas desktop people example. And that is the example of the Samba sharing. If you want to share a folder with a network where do you expect to find the functionality that says share this folder? You expect just to right click on the folder and find share this folder. But nobody expects to open just as root and then go to Samba client and add a share folder. So that's the use case we are trying to enable for the desktop people. Which is basically provide some functionality like sharing a folder or open a file port via Dibas. You can see similar interfaces like package kit for example. In the enterprise we have different requirements. People want to talk with just via sim. Anybody knows what team is? Okay. Who doesn't have heard about it ? But it's a really complex enterprise language which is used by some really proprietary stuff storage. They claim to be open but it's a committee designed technology. But we need to support it and we have to use cases for them and we will support it. So what do we have in common if you want to use people as developers to help us? What do you know that everybody actually can do? I mentioned the file port example before. I think the only way that we could talk in common when developing is actually the web. It's the only thing everyone knows. Every language we have out there knows how to use HTTP. Almost every people can write HTML or some JavaScript. And not everyone wants to get involved in just in the deeps inside of just. Some people just don't know how to use it. So that's something we are working on. It's a just web service. It runs in the system. Provides a rest style API. The same kind of API you find on Twitter, Flickr and all these nice websites that will be bankrupt in one year. This running your system as a normal user doesn't require a route and uses PAM and policy kit to actually set up different access write for different tasks. And it also uses packet kit for the software management and uses some other just functionality using the SCR of just as a service. This allows you basically to configure just using crawl if you want. I will show a small example. And also we are working in a web UI that is a race application. This is a free template. We looked in Google for free templates and that's what we got. If you want to help us to create a nice UI, you are welcome. This is not something finished. We wanted to show that we could write this functionality with 600 line of code. And that's what it has. So that's our strategy for the next versions. We want to provide for all the people that have access. And I think those technologies access to the use cases. And I think the most important for us will be the web in the next time. To leverage the same success other tools have. For example, the build service providing REST APIs, the OSC client and all those tools. So let's see if we are of course wanting help. Any people with web skills can also help us now. We are going to show a small demo how this works.  So if you have the REST service installed and running, you just go to localhost and this port and you find the documentation. It shows all the modules that are available. And you have some documentation about how you can configure it, how you can log in. You can log in using a normal htp authentication. It does all the power, but if you want to use your own account, you only need to set up some policy kit rights if you want to allow some tasks to be done. It uses SSL to protect the logging. I don't have SSL configures, so I will just do a normal htp authentication. So for example, the logging request, I will show this. This is how a login request is. I'm not going to pass the false one because this is not my password. But so let me find the right. Yeah. So this will be how I can do a curl post request to the local server and I'm passing there the XML you saw before with my password. If you do this you just will try to create a cookie with policy kit and will give me back authentication token in a cookie. And then I can use this cookie. For example, let's show if we post this to the user namespace of the htp, we can create a new user for example. I will show you that I don't have a password. There is nobody. And it's everything right. So if I pay this and I pass the same cookie I got before, I'm passing the cookie there, that's authentication. Don't worry about the speed because of course it's a prototype right now. We are using even with a database to get use of some XML functions but we are working on a much faster implementation. Usually the requests are quite slow. The get requests are quite fast. So we got everything okay. So now there is the new user for example and you can do this as a normal user. This will be cool when for example SUSE Studio could configure an appliance without even using their own UI or you could write command line clients. So that's the presentation and now let's use the five minutes for some questions. Sorry, sorry. How mature is that? How mature is the web client? How long do you think it will take to be stable? Okay. Do I have the novel disclaimer here? Because everything I say is not a schedule promise. We are targeting it for the 11.2 and SP1 of SLES as a preview, technology preview. That means from, till that moment the API will probably change a lot. But after that we will at least release system time configuration, language configuration, patch management and what else? Here you can see all the modules. All those modules will be probably in the next version. Users, permissions, patches, language, system time, service enable and disabling and logging of course. We are going to focus in the small things, appliance need and then we will not probably develop audio configuration in a long time. It's not our priority. Just a question. This base of sort of web front could be the base for a future remote automated management. That's the idea that once you have a rest interface from one system you can create another rest interface that actually talks to a lot of systems which is the same that SIEM aims to do. But the only thing is that everyone here speaks web. Who speaks SIEM here? My next question was that one because I knew that SIEM tries to do some sort of like this. And my next question was if you are starting a alternate way for non-corporate users or... I would say let's see how much success we have with the first version and maybe it might be that by default as a Linux management a cheap way to do it. We are not competing against SIEM because we also support SIEM, we are writing providers for storage and software management. But this is for the community. We want everyone to be able to configure the system, not only experts basically. All right, thanks. If I only have one minute left so I can answer one more question and if then someone has any question you can reach me at the booth outside. Well, okay. I'm going to ask you something about the package management. You said something about implementing cleanup functionality that would enable the user to get rid of leaf nodes he doesn't need. I think I get the question. I said about implementing which functionality in the package management? Cleanup functionality which would enable the user to get rid of leaves he doesn't need. The information whether a package was installed by the user or it was installed to satisfy dependency will be kept in some logs. How about if I write my own program to install RPMs? It wouldn't be able to use the IPM database and wouldn't it be better this information to be in the very RPM database so that any tool could use it and not in the logs created by it? I understand your question. The ZIP log has all the information for programs going through Lipsip. If you use another program that just called RPM or you use RPM in the command line we don't have the information going to the log. That's true. But the problem is that the RPM project is in a really strange situation. They have like two forks conflicting people the main developers of someone are people that is not famous to be nice and so on. To short the answer, if now you install the program with RPM we actually realize that but we assume that that program was installed by the user. Because in RPM you cannot get this program installed by dependencies. The time is over sorry I can't reach you out if


Welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rostel here bringing you today's video from the sweltering Negev Desert in Israel at the Avdat National Park, a Nebetean site of historical intrigue. So for those who visited Mitspe Ramon in the south of Israel, which is a really interesting place, if you're coming from the north of Israel, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, somewhere north of these parts, you'll probably drive southbound on road 40, which is one of the longest roads in Israel stretching from Kvarsaba all the way to the south. And Mitspe Ramon itself was actually built as a town in order to contain or hold or give accommodations to the people working on road 40 because then as of now it was a very remote part of Israel. And as you drive southbound on road 40, if you look to your left, as you come into Mitspe Ramon, you can't help but notice this crazy looking historical force in the background. And what this is, is indeed a historical force built by the Nebeteans and it's called Avdat. Now a little bit about this place and who were the Nebeteans? They were a desert people and tribe and this was actually their second most important city. Their most important city was much better known. It's called Petra today in Jordan, but built by the same people. And there was a reason why this was built here. This was built here and they dominated all over this very, very arid part of Israel. And in fact, if you look around here at this very dry countryside, there's a huge drop down to Mitspe Ramon on my right. The fortress is here. Anywhere that you'll see, a green oasis was actually a sign of where the incense route was. The incense route was the way that people traded spices back in the day. It wasn't like today where you can walk into your local chufrasal if you're in Israel or Walmort if you're watching this in the US or Tesco in London. The local cuisine of the ancient Israelite people who lived in the biblical period was very, very plain. They had a lot of fava beans, chickpeas, lentils, stuff like that bread, barley bread and spices were actually considered quite rare, prized and expensive commodities and thus used in moderation. Those spices had to come from somewhere. So when they were, whether we're talking about frankincense or myrrh stuff or religious uses, incense ingredients or cooking spices like cardamom or turmeric, that had to come overland through the incense route frequently and it was overland on camel. So think long arduous journeys. I mean, I just walked two kilometers of the landscape here and you get tired and you get very hot very quickly. So difficult terrain to go through. Now the Nebutians were clever. They figured out a system to hoard the limited amount of water that this region gets even in the wet months in Israel, which is roughly from the Jewish festival of Sukkot through to Pesach, which is coming up soon. In this part of the country, it's not that wet. So the rainfall here is indeed very, very limited. So what people did was the Nebutians did was devise systems for trapping water in order to use it for drinking water, water for their livestock and also water actually for making wine as well. They made wine and interesting to see the continuity throughout history. We visited yesterday. The Nana winery just located a few tens of kilometers, 15 kilometers in fact, in that direction towards Mitspe where the modern tradition of making wine in these apparently inhospitable desert conditions is being revitalized. Also in Ramatanega, these are two wineries I highly recommend visiting in the area. Well, you can see here Nebutian remains and also remains from different historical periods. So there's these interesting little markings on the ground here. They show you some Nebutian temples used for their worship. And as the influence of the Roman Empire spread, you also have some remains here from the early and late Roman periods, Christianity to cold as well at some point. So you've got some Byzantine churches as well. So that's what there is to see here because it is a national park. There is an entrance fee, but it's worth that. And you get to watch a really interesting 10 minute video giving you the high level oversight of what there is here. You can also see in the landscape surrounding hard to miss the unmistakable bright light of the Ashalim power station, which was once the tallest SCP solar power concentrator in the world. It's a solar power concentrator, which means there's little reflecting mirrors beaming up to it. And you can actually see it with the naked eye for I'm going to say 100 kilometers all around this part of southern Israel and it's supplying a portion of Israel's renewable energy needs. It's also interesting to think that this was literally a functioning city for a number of years and was kind of like the main city in this part of the desert. And these people, the Nebutians are kind of the sort of overlords of the desert because you can't really tell what individual buildings were being used from. But even in today's Israel, the definition of what's considered a city is a little bit looser than in some parts of the world. This would have been a local, the local center. And I can only imagine there must have been somewhere to drink their locally produced wine as well. It would have been interesting to be a fly on the wall back in those days. If you're staying in Mitspir Ramon, I can add this to my growing list of things I recommend doing. One of them is Kvish Eser of the Israel Border Road. The wineries are worth checking out. And if you're interested in history and the various peoples who populated this part of the world over the course of history, I would also add to that list the Avdat National Park to learn who the Nebutians were, their role, their connection between this ancient Negev city and Petra, and how they moved goods, spices and precious commodities throughout the desert. Thanks for watching this video from Avdat in the Negev desert located just outside of Mitspir Ramon. If you want to get more videos from me about interesting sites, people and places in Jerusalem, Israel and occasionally further afield, do consider signing up and subscribing to this YouTube channel. Thank you for watching this video.