Today we have a few stories we want to bring to you guys. We're going to talk a little bit about that Pokemon Presents. We got to talk about also some updates regarding Rockstar Games and their support of Nintendo Switch 2, but all of that obviously plays secondary to many to you to some Nintendo Switch 2 news we have. We have some idea at the moment, or at least I should probably frame this as rumors about the Nintendo Switch 2 price point and also a massive game engine that Nintendo is starting to slowly commit to for Nintendo Switch 2 games and you're really going to see this apparently again from a rumor perspective from the next Mario game that 3D Mario game supposedly is using this engine going to be quite interesting if this ends up being correct so we're going to be talking about that giving the context for all of this but before we do I want to remind you that hey we are on our road to 150,000 subscribers I really would appreciate if you guys drop a like and subscribe to the channel and you know what if you want to go ahead and ring a link that ding a link so you get notified of every video we upload. Alright guys so our first story here is actually dealing with Rockstar Games and in regards to the Grand Theft Auto Trilogy. So we have this article over here on Go Nintendo where it says Switch was the second biggest platform for Grand Theft Auto Trilogy to the definitive edition in Europe. Now we don't have worldwide sales on this so we can really only go off the data that's provided but it says earlier this week we found out that Red Dead Redemption is making its way to Switch next week while Nintendo fans hardly got any love from Rockstar in the past really we've just had a few very sparing games throughout the DS and 3DS. The Switch has paved the way for a bit more content from the company today brings us even more insight into why that is. According to the European sales data Grand Theft Auto the Trilogy and by the way this trilogy sucked put it out there was a really bad port and it still did well. The definitive edition was a considerable hit on Switch across all platforms the game launched for. Switch managed to take second place overall in terms of total sales. This put Switch ahead of all Xboxes Xbox One and Xbox Series and PlayStation 5 and it was only apparently just a little bit behind the PlayStation 4 version with these kinds of results is no surprise to see Red Dead Redemption making its way to Switch as well. Let's hope this kind of support from Rockstar only continues and perhaps one day we'll see day and date releases of Rockstar's latest on Switch's successor and that's really my conclusion as well. When you think about how well this did despite it being a pretty shoddy job it really looks like hey of course they're gonna make Red Dead Redemption because look how well GTA sold Red Dead Redemption is probably gonna might even outsell the PlayStation 4 version on Switch and I do feel that there is an opportunity here for Rockstar Games to continue to build this relationship as they're working on their next stuff. I do fully believe Red Dead Redemption 2 is gonna end up getting a pretty late port over to Nintendo's next piece of hardware of course then again would it be that late if it happened in the first year I don't know but what I also find interesting is that we already know that they're working on Grand Theft Auto 6 and is there a real opportunity here to see Grand Theft Auto 6 land day and date on Nintendo's next platform now we could maybe make a presumption that we'll get GTA 5 ported over to the Nintendo's next platform and maybe that's more the conversation we should be looking at but I think if Rockstar Games is looking at this objectively they clearly see that Nintendo's audience actually really really likes Rockstar's video games and that being the case maybe they should bring more and more support over so I think in the end that this is probably going to lead to Rockstar creating more games for the Switch successor now our next story here is going to be dealing with the supposed rumored price point that Nintendo Switch 2 is going to launch at now I find it interesting that we have rumors at this point given that the launch could be a year from now or a little bit longer than a year from now so what these numbers really have to do with reality you know because the price could be ever changing behind the scenes I don't know but these are rumors that are out there and being reported by some websites so I want to cover it and they come from well one of our favorite places to talk about rumors from good old Zippo now we're gonna give you the report and then I'm gonna give you some context on Zippo after the fact so it says the Switch 2 reports are here and yep they're the real deal and he goes over all this other stuff he didn't pay much attention to the Switch Pro he says the you know hybrid cartridge system once again check he's just reconfirming all the things we heard but the interesting part is when we get down here $399 that's the apparent golden number for Switch 2 pricing that I've been told by numerous sources familiar with what's going on at Nintendo in fact and this is the first for me instead of paraphrasing sources like I've done since I started I'll let you hear it from the horse's mouth we'll call this particular source quote-unquote Chuck that's not his real name here's what they told me and now this is supposedly directly from his source 399 that's the golden number that they have in mind it's the price that works in terms of the power of their new system it's the price that works for them making a decent profit and it's the price that they think works for the audience they're trying to maintain no more no less then he goes on to say so you have it the switch to is coming next fall it's going to go back to an LCD screen and I'm independently hearing that it's probably going to cost around 400 bucks now he means 400 USD now for full context on Zippo a big thing to remember with this guy is he has thrown a lot of rumors out there and they generally either don't happen or haven't happened or they do happen he isn't this I would not call this the level of report that we have done when it comes to the stuff that Andy Robinson from video game Chronicle has said or Nate the hate on his podcast or anything that we've heard so far about switch to over the last week this is probably the least credible of all of that so I want you to really take this information with a grain of salt having the context that hey this is a guy who's gotten stuff wrong but also to note Zippo's gotten some stuff right he was the first source on the internet to say we would get a 2d Mario this year it wouldn't be part of the new series and it would have some pretty significant changes in how the world itself works in terms of mechanics and well we have now had Super Mario Wonder announced or Super Mario Bros wonder and yeah obviously the world does have some interesting changes to it it doesn't use new so he was right about that and there has been notes from now retired insider Emily Rogers in the past that Zippo may indeed actually have real sources at Nintendo headquarters however he makes the mistake of going forward too early with information where it might be current at the time but then a year passes two years past a lot of things have changed and now those old rumors aren't happening or games get canceled and so that's sort of always been the feather in Zippo's cap is that there was a insider that kind of backed him possibly being legit that being said I don't really know and this would be another one of those cases coming forward with the price right now feels way too early to even have that conversation on a serious level from you know because this information would have to come from Nintendo themselves but hey that is cool we're still throwing it out there just because it's a rumor and we can't validate one way or another just like any of the rest of the stuff we have talked about now we need to get to our next story we're gonna try to be really quick with this it deals with the Pokemon presents and again I gotta be really careful because I can't show a lot from Pokemon presents you'll get copyright claimed so whatever clip I put up I really apologize I just already know we can't really show Pokemon stuff they're really big sticklers about it but I don't want to give like a full reaction to the Pokemon presents here I already did that earlier in a live reaction but I do want to give you a breakdown at least on dates on things so as an example today Pokemon Stadium 2 and the trading card game from the game white color was added to NSO detective Pikachu returns just as a reminder is coming out on October 6th and the teal mask which is part of the Scarlet and Violet DLC is arriving on September 13th so we finally have a date for that no date for the second part still winter 2023 so we'll see what's up with that also they are doing some you to stuff am I going to go into all the details there's gonna be a terror raid battle where you can get them this is gonna be a free update by the way you can also get mu using the code you see on screen and I guess if you use mu in that terror a battle something cool will happen there's there's more details around that I'll put a link down to their actual Pokemon presents if you want to get all of the details that were announced today because there's a lot of mobile game stuff we're not going over new animated series and all of that but actually what is really interesting is this thing from this accusation being lobbied at the Pokemon company over potentially stealing something from a fan so on screen right now you're seeing a tweet by md music this is I'm really surprised and quite honored to hear snippets of my aerial zero music arrangement in today's Pokemon presents DLC trailer however the Pokemon company you could have at least asked me before right now what's interesting is I wasn't sure that I thought this might have been just an accusation but thankfully there is a person on Twitter that put together a quick comparison and I want to play that for you guys right now and yes it's very obvious that his section of original creation was stolen now the big thing here and we can note this from unfortunately a reply that it really states that there this isn't a legal problem the biggest thing to get upset about is just that the guy would like some credit you know why wouldn't you want some credit from the Pokemon company but this guy named Eric Bundy here on Twitter says unfortunately according to sections 101 and 106 of the copyright act your arrangement represents a derivative work of their original music and since you didn't get their permission to make it because of course you didn't you have no legal right to it and they can use your work without your permission and so from a legal perspective it does sound like yeah the guy can't do anything but it he doesn't really want to do anything if you look at the reply to his own tweet here it says I'm not really upset but rather confused and surprised that an unofficial creation would be included in official content especially coming from TPC so he's really surprised that his arrangement got in there and he just would have you know like to heads up maybe an accreditation you know at the end of the direct or something or down in the description right he wasn't really looking to be fully publicized for it just he finds it to be a strange thing and he's not gonna do anything about it because he legally can't you just kind of live with it but it is interesting that they decided to use a fan arrangement and take an original section of that fan arrangement they mob that mean one the guy probably feels honored that the Pokemon company thought that was really really epic but at the same point you know sometimes you want a little credit for your work but it is what it is so let's move on to our next story here and this deals with a supposed rumor again surrounding a partnership that Nintendo might be forming with epic games to use Unreal Engine now they've already used Unreal Engine a couple of times there was Yoshi's Crafted World which was technically made by an outside company so you can argue that doesn't really matter so much but then they went ahead and used Unreal Engine 4 again in Pikmin 4 and Pikmin 4 right now is widely considered to be one of the better-looking games so Nintendo's obviously already dabbling significantly into Unreal Engine with their internal teams and apparently they want to do a partnership and this again comes from Zippo where it says an epic partnership is forming and we go out here to say that Nintendo obviously needs no introduction in either epic games but it says until now 2019 they talk about Yoshi's not wooly worlds craft a world that's just a mistake and his part for misremembering which game it was but I get it you know Yoshi games I guess can run together but it says four years later we finally have our second game at being Pikmin 4 just look at the environments the lighting the particle effects the amount of detail put in it looks incredible that's not the end of the story from what I'm now hearing Nintendo and Epic have formed a rather large partnership in the background in fact a number of Nintendo focused developers will start using their engine for certain upcoming games for Nintendo's next console alongside the aforementioned Nintendo EPD Kyoto some of the developers you'll see using Unreal Engine 4 are intelligent systems so the people behind Fire Emblem so maybe the next Fire Emblem games using Unreal Engine game freak now this one to me is maybe one of the most exciting because they finally would be Game Freak getting off of their cruddy old 3ds engine that they keep patching and trying to build on top of and doesn't look or run very well on switch as we see in for Scarlet and Violet so I'm honestly really hoping that maybe Game Freak considers using it and no Unreal Engine isn't just about using realistic visuals just to be clear obviously we see that with Yoshi's crafted world let me go down to monolith soft yep that would make sense look monolith soft makes really big epic games if they want to switch over to Unreal Engine not the worst thing in the world and then this one Nintendo EPD Tokyo one-up studio and you look at this and you go that's a pretty good list of development studios and could get bigger now again which version of Unreal Engine whether it's four or five we can't be sure Unreal Engine 5 does exist on Nintendo switch through Fortnite so they could use either one it's gonna be more powerful hardware Unreal Engine is highly scalable but this isn't where the story ends because as we scroll down a little fat a little birdie is told me is that the brand new major Mario title in the works for Nintendo's next system will be using Unreal Engine 4 and here's hoping that's one of the first games we see running on this thing now to me that's super exciting we already know that 3d Mario or at least have a pretty good hunch from Andy Robinson that 3d Mario will be launching on this next platform it's also just the expected thing they can't launch a brand new epic Zelda game like tears of the kingdom because that already came out I mean they got a 4k version ready but that wouldn't be the same thing as a brand new game so a 3d Mario would be a massive selling point and if it's using Unreal Engine that's very very curious and it also shows that maybe Nintendo is starting to drift a little bit away from internal engines for some of their games that maybe don't need it and when you look at the mechanics of Mario I feel like a lot of that stuff probably could be modified to work inside of an Unreal Engine versus Zelda with the physics engine and everything that are doing that might be more best kept to something like their own internal engine lunch pack but hey this is what it is I don't really know what to take from this we know that Nintendo has been increasingly using Unreal Engine since they went from never using it to now hey we've used it with an internal studio recently we also used it with a partner studio we're probably getting more and more familiar with it and they do probably want to use it more so we'll see again already went over the context for Zippo so we don't need to go over there again take all of this with a grain of salt that being said I want to thank all of you guys for being here at my channel it's been a wild ride over the over the last you know however many years I've been doing this in the last four days we have a lot more stuff to look into going forward I do have a video in the works right now for Nintendo switch to this is more of a I would say a discussion video but it's it's one where I am looking at the potential first six to twelve month launch lineup I don't know if you call a whole year a launch lineup but whatever the first six to twelve month launch lineup of the entire platform just from Nintendo's perspective on what games you should maybe be looking forward to and expecting for that first year and then I also have an idea for a video that I've never done before it's a reacts video and I don't do reaction videos very often but this one would be heavily commentated it just I know there's a some drama around reacts videos when I basically I'm gonna be stopping the video at points and and counter arguing or discussing things on a point-by-point basis because there's a certain video out there right now talking about how the Nintendo switch two is going to end up being a failure and I figure that might warrant some sort of react video like content so let me know if that's something that you would be interested in to sort of you know fill in the gaps or give us something to talk about on days when maybe there isn't quite as much you know really good news to talk about today because the Pokemon presents was sort of well it was what it was kind of a thin day for news hopefully tomorrow's a better one but thank you guys for being here let me know what you think about these ideas and I'll catch you in the next video


Hey it's the Wing Chun Kid and I'm gonna show you how to defend yourself against someone stronger. All right so very important very common question is how to defend yourself against someone stronger. Okay so I'm 135 pounds and you're 240. 240 pounds okay so that's almost double isn't it? Almost double my weight. So how do you protect yourself against that? Well we're gonna start in this range because a lot of fights start in talking right we're getting you know angry at each other these things start happening you shout out and stuff like that right and then you do a punch right one need to do is cover and go inwards okay so punch cover cover okay notice that when I'm putting out my elbows cover cover what happens a lot is it either goes over the arm or under the arm and in most cases it goes over okay when it goes over you want to hook it and then grip it underneath your armpit okay at this point you can start delivering these all right just keep going until he can feel it all right so one more time you're gonna start like this a lot of times people punch they're not going to tell you they're gonna punch a lot of times they're gonna look away and punch right right a lot of times they're going to just punch when they're talking to you like this right they're just gonna punch when they're talking to you so you don't have enough time to react and do some crazy tenets right all you have time to do is punch is block and move in okay very important to block and move in because if you stay out here block block block block block what he's gonna keep punching me those punches are gonna be heavy he's 240 pounds I'm only 135 okay I can probably only take a couple of those on my arm all right so when you're doing the block block move in and then clinch so that he can't hit you anymore and what's also important is that hands deliver weapons he can't grab his weapons anymore all right so you got his arms here okay you can knee him like this with this knee or on the side of the fly here it's not comfortable right well okay so here in the balls side of the thigh okay all right keep doing that until he backs off all right so that's one way of defending yourself against someone stronger all right another way to defend yourself against someone stronger someone stronger and bigger and especially if you have some distance and you have time to react is to use kicks to keep him in a distance okay so he's coming in for a punch I just kick him in the knee here because if you try to reach me he can't reach me but I can reach you with my foot okay so either side kick like this okay or you punch you can even do a stomp kick this way right or you can do a stomp kick this way as long as you got contact with the front knee okay you can't reach you also keep your hands up so that you can protect yourself so if you miss at least you got some protection right so you want to do kicks and keep your hands up okay this way this way keep him at a distance okay he's angry he's strong he's aggressive right so he's going to be punching boom you kick him in the knee boom now he doesn't want to punch you as much right say oh this guy's kicking me you can kick him in the nuts okay kick him in the nuts now he starts backing off now now you're in a better mental position in the fight right so now you can come in and start to deliver your attacks all right so you got to change the mindset and hurt him and make sure that he can't get close and once he knows that you're actually meeting business you're small but you can fight right and you defend yourself it changes the mentality of the situation it gives you an advantage all right so it's important in martial arts to be able to defend yourself against someone bigger and stronger and more aggressive even than you all right so i've got my friend here head of good and sing from the east helping me out thanks a lot he's 240 pounds and i'm only 135 pounds so how can you deal with somebody almost twice your weight so you need to be able to block and control the arms like i showed you or keep him at a distance all right but you need to learn both because a lot of times fight start at a talking range and not from far away so you can't really use kicks a lot of times okay so practice that and make sure you get that perfect if you like this video like this lesson make sure you subscribe to this channel and get the latest self defense and fighting tips and check out some of my other lessons here on this channel too all right so it's winch and kit signing off i'll see you soon


This is Jeff Deist and you're listening to the Human Action Podcast. You were listening to the Human Action Podcast and as you know the purpose of this podcast and this show is to get our listening audience interested in some of the primary sources in reading the great books and thinkers of the Austrian school where that's Manger, Bamberwerk or Mises or Hayek or Rothbard. And so we're really encouraging people not to sort of take at face value what other people say or how other people interpret Austrian economics to go out and read this stuff on your own. There's a lot of libertarian and economics content out there, a lot of commentary, a lot of social media, a lot of sites and blogs and it's very easy to get bogged down spending all your time or maybe wasting all your time reading stuff that isn't really doing you much good in terms of your own personal education. So that's really why we started the Human Action Podcast to get people reading these books. And of course we've been through a lot of the early stuff. We've been through Manger and Bamberwerk. We've been through Mises up until most of his work other than Human Action and we will tackle that shortly in a series of podcasts but we're going to start out before that with Nation, State and Economy which was in some ways the earlier version of what later became Human Action but in the meantime these Austrian thinkers didn't just arise out of the ether. They had influences and economists that came before them obviously people like Adam Smith, people like Jean Baptiste Sey and Turgot and you can go all the way back to the Spanish Galastics but one of the great French economists who has perhaps not gotten his due is Richard Cantillon who wrote a really remarkable essay on economic theory all the way back in 1730. And fortunately we have our own in-house Cantillon expert, Dr. Mark Thornton to join us this week to discuss everything about Cantillon and to help all of us understand his impact on what would come later in the field of economics. So that said, Mark, thanks for joining us. It's great to see you. It's great to be here, Jeff, of all the topics in economics. Cantillon is definitely number one with me. Wow. Well, in some of our earlier shows we have gone through concepts like value and method and interest and money and interventionism and socialism and fascism and liberalism and bureaucracy. All of these various concepts, but what's really remarkable in sort of reading up about Cantillon a little bit this week is that his book, his essay on economic theory written in the 1700s and 1730, it really is a wholesale treatise that attempts to present an entire theory, a broad theory of economics. It's absolutely amazing, Jeff. Basically everything, all the basics of economics is in that book, that one book that he wrote, method, theory, population theory, economic geography, business cycles, interest rate theory. It's just incredible. It's almost as if this is an ancient alien theorist type of issue where no one can imagine how just one person could come up with all of these concepts. On his own, virtually, it's really truly remarkable. When you say on his own, meaning that at that period, economics was not really a standalone science at all? No, it wasn't. Economics was something that philosophers did and bureaucrats did and did it very poorly. In the book, Cantillon refers to a lot of the great minds, John Locke, and just all of the great thinkers prior to Cantillon writing this book. Basically, he's very critical of what they did. Petty and Damion and just the list goes on and on of the books that he read and critically evaluated and then came up with the correct solution regarding how to estimate the money supply and just the velocity of money and how prices are formed and the difference between positive and normative economics. Just really, really remarkable. And of course, the Austrians learned from him. That's almost certainly true with Manger, Bambavrik, Mises, Hayek, learned a great deal from this book, really.  It's all in there. Well, before we get too much into the book, let's talk about the man himself. He lived from 1680 to 1734. He's got a French name, but he grows up in Ireland. So tell us a little bit about the man. He's got this unbelievable biography. He's actually quite successful in life. Oh, yes, very successful. The family comes from France, Britain, Britain, and has an estate in southwestern Ireland that's taken from them by the Protestants. And Canteone eventually leaves Ireland to seek his fortune during the war of Spanish succession. And then finally settles in Paris, takes over a bank that was run by his uncle, is involved in the Mississippi bubble, and becomes fabulously wealthy, probably one of the most wealthy private citizens in the world at the time. And then ultimately meets his death in 1734. That's also a mystery. We're not sure if he was murdered, who murdered him, or if he faked his death in order to escape some of the lawsuits that were filed against him as a result of the Mississippi bubble. So there's still more to learn about this man, but what we do know is it's really fabulous. And he starts his career working with the British War Office during the war of Spanish succession. And he devised a system of double books in which they hid money from the British government. And of course, his employer wanted the money and felt that somebody who had lost their property to the British Protestants would probably be a loyal employee in regards to ripping off the British government. So of course he dies at the relatively tender age of 54, and again under suspicious circumstances. Do you think he was a competent businessman or a corrupt businessman, or a little bit of both? I think he was definitely a competent businessman. You know, there's certain things about that business that lend itself to some dirty dealings, but basically you can tell in the book itself when he talks about banking and what bankers have to be weary of and how they charge interest. As a matter of fact, the book starts out probably as a defense of charging interest against the usury laws of the time. And he quite ably shows that a lot of businesses charge extremely high rates of interest. He mentions a couple of them. One is pubs who get kegs of beer from the brewery, but don't pay him back until the keg is gone. And the effective interest rate he calculates is something like 500% annually. And so it shows that he's very knowledgeable about the banking business and about business in general because he dealt with other businesses basically lending them money or lending investors' money during the bubble. And the book shows that he's very well versed in many different types of businesses, probably as a result of working with them. As a matter of fact, he shows in his theory of entrepreneurship, which I'm writing articles about right now, that the banker effectively becomes an entrepreneur lending money at risk to other businesses. But he's a successful guy. He's leading this tumultuous life. Why write the book at all? Is he just an intellectual on top of everything else and he feels the itch to write this? I mean, who's his audience and what's his motivation? Well, that's a very good question because he knew that the book could not be published. It was too radical at the time. Really? Yes. And there were censorship laws that would have prevented it for sure. And probably would have gotten him in a lot of trouble as it had other writers of his time and earlier. But he did know other intellectuals. It's really incredible. I can't remember the entire list, but he had a good friend named Lord Bolingbrook, who was the first minister of England and would later become an academic writer himself. He knew Montesquieu and Voltaire and Isaac Newton is apparently somebody he had met at least. And he criticized Isaac Newton's work at the British Mint for the way in which they handled the relationship between gold and silver. And Cantillon wrote that Newton did it the wrong way and this is the right way to do it. So he was criticizing Sir Isaac Newton in his role at the London Mint. So the manuscript sort of lays around for almost 100 years or so and Jevons resurrects it or breathes some life into it? Well, that's another issue that I've been working on lately trying to see the transmission path. But he wrote it as a manuscript and it's circulated in handwritten copies. And one would suppose that his clerks at the bank would be, you know, writing out additional copies for his friends and thinkers in general. One of the copies... You're literally writing out additional copies? Yes, by hand, yeah. But Mirbeau, the elder, had a copy in his possession for something like 12 to 14 years and it's unclear what copy made it into the hands of the physiocrats. But the physiocrats, the leaders of the physiocrat school, which was very free market school, they're the ones that are generally credited with getting the book published in 1755. And so, you know, they had readers... And also giving us the term laissez-faire. That's right. Physiocrats Argenstein, I think his name, is credited with the phrase laissez-faire that comes out of that. So the physiocrats were direct followers of Cantillon's manuscript and that is reflected in their emphasis on the land and population. Because in Cantillon's book, it's a bit of a misinterpretation of Cantillon, but there's a heavy emphasis on the value of land producing food and food being the basis of your population. And population was considered a key characteristic of whether society was wealthy and economically viable or if it was poor and degraded. And so they really lynched on to those two point, population and land. They ran away from, I think, Cantillon's original intent, but it shows a very heavy reliance on Cantillon's work. And then subsequently, of course, Turgot is heavily influenced by Cantillon. And Turgot was definitely one of the brightest leading thinkers and actually politician. He was a regional governor in France before coming First Minister trying to save the French regime. They didn't accept Cantillon's, excuse me, Turgot's guidance. They threw him out of office once he started making reforms at the kingdom-wide level. He was very successful in his regional role in France, but his, those reform measures really irritated the king and his court and the tax farmers who were threatened and the guilds who Turgot threatened. These are all things that you can find directly in Cantillon's book, but Turgot really was probably his best student and extended his analysis in many fundamental ways. And so in addition to Cantillon, Turgot is just a phenomenal contributor and publicizer of great economic ideas. And that influence continues on, of course. But after that, after the French Revolution, there's Cantillon's work seems to be get lost in the fray. For example, Jean-Baptiste Sey is credited with entrepreneurship, the theory of entrepreneurship, but that clearly comes out of Cantillon even in a much better form. So, but after Sey, his work seems to get lost in the shuffle and then is only rediscovered by William Stanley Jevons in the 1870s.  Manger had copies of Cantillon's essay in his library. I think he had three copies, actually. And so the work gets resurrected by Jevons and others. And then we wait till 1931 when Henry Higgs, the great British economist, translates the essay from French into English into a fine edition. So Higgs is one of the great historians of economic thought and thought it was important enough to translate Cantillon to get the job done into English. And meanwhile, at the exact same time, F.A. Hayek and his wife translated Cantillon's essay into German and they were both published in 1931. So that's another weird circumstance that seems to constantly pop up around the subject of Richard Cantillon. And then fast forward all the way to 2010 and the Mises Institute under your editorship and a woman named Chantal Saussier produce another English version of it, but this translation is a little more reader friendly. So, you know, tell us about how that project came to be. Well, I had been working on Cantillon since 1997. I did an essay for our book on the 15th Great Austrian Economist and that really opened my eyes. I mean, I'd read Rothbard on Cantillon, really exciting. That's a great essay that I actually used as an outline of what questions could Murray answer at the time. Those were the things I was going to tackle. So if he had a suspicion about a particular issue, I followed up on it and tried to get to the bottom of things. But there was a lot of things in the essay where it wasn't really quite clear. Higgs' translation was a direct translation, not really sort of searching for the ultimate meaning of his words. And there were a lot of things that an American audience, for sure, would not understand. And there were things that Higgs translated that just didn't make any sense. And so I always wanted to go in and try to tackle it. But of course, I don't read or speak French. Big drawback in that area. So, but I met Chantal here at the Mises Institute. Many years ago, she was here for a conference. And we started talking about that and I learned that she had PhD in French studies. It was very interested in economics and philosophy and politics. And so it became possible at that point once she agreed to help me with the translation. And really, she did the translating. I was editing to try to uncover some of the true meaning and the historical context in which Cantillon wrote. And that's very important because all of the misunderstanding about Cantillon's value theory and various things were based on the fact that the historians of economic thought didn't really understand the history in which he was writing. And once you understand the history in which he was writing, then the real story is obvious and simple. And so I was working on that and she was working on the translation. And it still took us six years to finish because this was like a hobby of ours that we did in addition to our regular jobs. And so we took it seriously and we made a commitment and we were able to finish it off. And I think it's a product that our audience has found very helpful because in addition to doing the translation, we provided abstracts for all of the chapters. We provided footnotes for further information about the historical context and footnotes defining terms. And so the reader is guided through what had previously been a real struggle. And so we've gotten a lot of compliments from readers and students. And so it was very long, very difficult, much more difficult than time-consuming than I had ever imagined. When you've got an English translation already, you wouldn't think that it would be that hard, but it really was. And we're very gratified with all the kind words that we've received as a result of doing that book. Well, for lay readers, which I guess everyone was in the 1730s, but lay readers like myself, it's called an essay on economic theory. It's actually broken up in some very brief chapters. Yes. It's a relatively short book. And if you go to the Mises Institute bookstore online and put in the code HAPOD for Human Action Podcast, HAPOD, you get a very nice discount on the book. And it's a paperback. And it's quite an interesting read I found. And Jeff, we even translated the title. So the original title was an essay on the nature of commerce in general. So it's an essay on the nature of commerce, which was the word that they would use in general. So the nature in general, that's what theory is. And so we translated even the title to an essay on economic theory because that's what translators do. And we have gotten some flack from that, but we considered that for a long time and felt that that was really how it should be translated and read. Well, let's walk through the book itself a little bit. I guess first and foremost, an overarching question. Is this book an early refutation of mercantilism that was dominating Europe at the time? Yeah, absolutely. In fact, I've written several papers on that subject. Kent Young wrote during the mercantilist period. And there are a few quotes in that that can be misconstrued as advocating for mercantilism. But Kent Young is really an anti-mercantilist. So it's not that he was quasi-mercantilist. He was actually anti-mercantilist. And it should have been obvious to previous commentators and historians of thought, the very first paragraph, the very first chapter, which is only a paragraph long, he refutes the idea that money is wealth and restates wealth being the ability to produce goods and to consume goods. The correct understanding of what wealth is is the ability to produce and consume. And so right from the very first page, he refutes mercantilism and he does it several times over. He also demonstrates that increasing the money supply actually has no positive benefit that once an economy is fully monetized, increasing the money supply doesn't have any benefit. It always has costs. And so the next round against mercantilism is that he produces the price-species flow mechanism, which says that even if you try to accumulate the price-species or gold in your country, if you prevented exporting of gold and if you subsidized the export of goods in order to bring gold in, even if you tried to accumulate it, as a result of the price-species flow mechanism, it would be all negated because as you accumulate gold in the country, what happens is the price of your goods goes up as a result of that inflation of the money supply and so people don't want to buy domestic goods, they want to buy foreign goods and so as they buy foreign goods, the gold is exported to other countries and so the price-species flow mechanism basically shows how money is equilibrated around the globe and so that's another way in which he defeats mercantilism and finally he shows that increasing the money supply can actually lead to a business cycle and it's here where he's credited with the concept of cantione effects or what's sometimes referred to as first round effects so that an injection of money into an economy will result in the prices of particular goods increasing and then a production structure is built up in order to produce more of those goods but ultimately if that first injection is just that a first injection then that change in demand will evaporate and that production structure that was built in response to that new money will collapse and cause an economic crisis in that industry so in those four ways he defeats the primary tenet of mercantilism which is money is wealth and therefore accumulate money, you'll be wealthier but cantione showed that that was all nonsense basically Well he's really pression in making some of his free trade arguments at this point, in other words he is advancing Locke's quantity theory of money somewhat I think in his arguments and he's also indirectly addressing this issue of balance of payments or having a trade deficit with another region or another country and he's showing, I think he's showing that that's nonsense Yes, he basically looks at trade quite a bit and the features of international trade which are really unseen basically by the common observer and in almost all cases he supports this idea of free trade certainly in the economy although there are instances where he said that this particular line of trade is unprofitable for example, this is very interesting he refers to the example of Belgium lace and that's ultimately going to be related to the portraits of Cantione because the Belgium lace is used to paint paintings on by and large and he did the calculation that one bundle of Belgium lace is equal to so many bottles of champagne and he said that this isn't really worth it that the Belgium lace is way too expensive in terms of French champagne which you wouldn't be surprised at but one of the reasons why it was such a lousy deal was because trade was prohibited and taxed and you had to pay all sorts of fees in order to make those kind of international trades basically so mercantilism had gummed up the trading network in France and elsewhere so that every time you move from city to city you had to pay fees and taxes and of course if you tried to transact on an international basis you would have tariffs in both directions and consequence of all these fees, taxes and tariffs that the value of trade in that manner was really he considered it problematic Well when you talk about the Cantione effect we see examples of that throughout the economy today it plays a role in your skyscraper curse book of course we hear a lot in the political discourse about inequality the Cantione effect is the untold story of our time Absolutely, you can see it everywhere around you and of course the Cantione and Cantione effects was a big part of the skyscraper book and really the first half of the book is about understanding the Cantione effect which is that injection of money changing demand for goods and services and then the resulting change in the structure of production which is a relatively permanent thing but if the money disappears then the demand is wiped out and the structure that you built is also becomes a very little value at that point but yes, the skyscrapers that we see going up around the world and the vast building projects that are currently being undertaken is a direct response to the zero interest rate policy that we've endured since the financial crisis in 2008 basically Europe and Japan have been zero to negative rates and the US was near zero for 10 years and it's only recently jacked up the federal funds rate to a little bit over 2% and we saw once we got to 2% which is one of the lowest rates in my lifetime the stock market starts to quake and President Trump goes bananas on Twitter because everybody I think has an understanding that something just isn't quite natural in the so-called recovery which I think everybody has doubts about the only thing that they have faith in is that we can continue to push the stock market higher and higher and higher and everybody will be taken care of and the Federal Reserve will come to the rescue no matter what but I think that the faith in the actual physical structure of the economy is not solid at all and I think you'll see a run for the exits at some point in the future So Kentian gives us an early concept of a business cycle theory almost but of course there aren't central banks at the time so he's viewing this more in political terms this is a political cycle Yes, he actually has two nascent cycle theories one is the foundation for the Austrian business cycle theory which is driven by money money injections leading to changes in demand changes in price changes in the structure of production which aren't viable in the long run that's what Manger and the early Austrians picked up on including Mises of course and then Hayek further developing the Austrian business cycle theory and then there's more of a fiscal-sided cycle where the regime the political regime is either good or bad and basically Kentian felt that once the mercantilist policy regime changed in favor of an even stronger mercantilist regime that the French economy started to go into decline and so, you know, mercantilism every country has mercantilist policies as did France of course it was all caught up in the idea of raising money extracting money out of the economy and, of course, was relatively ably run by Minister Colbert who was a mercantilist but then once he died Louis XIV took over direct control of the machinery of government and finance and he really pressed it to the limit and that's when France, Kentian said that's when France went into decline a multi-decade decline and so that was sort of a fiscal regime-oriented cycle that Kentian also noticed So one thing you point out in your essay about him is that he gives us a form of methodology I mean, who was even thinking about a method when economics scarcely existed and so he had this concept that you separate economic phenomena, you isolate them and study them, which does this harken forward to an individual methodology? Oh yes, I think very much think so Method was not discussed in a particular chapter in the essay but it was discussed throughout the essay and the methodology was implied by what he was actually doing in various chapters and so he very much understood economic value and he understood opportunity cost of course he didn't have these names he understood the distinction between positive economics or scientific analytics and normative economics which is your personal value judgment he would stop his discussion in a particular chapter and say, you know, this is an issue but I'm not going to talk about that because that's really not what I'm interested in here he's interested in the analytics of human action and he exposes a lot of things that the common person would not know or understand because they weren't in business they weren't familiar with lots of different types of businesses so he knew all of these different businesses and he looked for the general features of business and commercial actions basically and so yes, he very much understood methodology you know, the revolution that was taking place in physics I think is something he looked at and said, you know, we need to have something like that for commerce as well we need something like gravity to be able to build a truly scientific understanding of economics and this is another paper I'm working on right now and basically he showed that entrepreneurship was that fundamental thing the idea that we're self-interested in that we're profit motivated we want to stay away from losses so we incur our cost up front and then we only get to sell our products later we know how much they're going to cost but we don't know how much revenue we're going to get so entrepreneurship is something an activity that there's a lot of uncertainty about and so the entrepreneur is going to try to do everything in their power to try to make a profit but it's uncertain and so he generalized that so that all the entrepreneurs in the economy were basically under that same problem that same feature of trade and that's what he used to build economic theory from the ground up was the uncertainty due to entrepreneurship that was a guiding force just like gravity in the economy and so if you look at all this theories from simple to complex like the price species flow mechanism if you take entrepreneurship out of it it just evaporates so entrepreneurship is that fundamental building block of the economy and so you should understand economics is coming from Cantillon and he basically derived it as a result of his understanding of entrepreneurship is that guiding force like gravity is in the physical world but again understand this is 1730 he's writing this I mean you can fast forward a couple hundred years and Cain still doesn't see the entrepreneurs any kind of animating force they're still stuck on land, labor, capital I mean that's remarkable it's a remarkable achievement Oh absolutely I mean nobody had done it before as a matter of fact another paper is shows that I have shows that the word entrepreneur meant something very different before Cantillon the entrepreneur was the active person the risky person and ultimately it became linked with government contractor so somebody who builds fortresses somebody who builds ports and somebody who builds big projects for the government or somebody who basically is a war contractor those were considered the entrepreneurs of the time people who had known revenues but unknown costs and who were known to be always skimping on their costs in order to increase their profits so they were always cheating the government yeah so it was a bad thing and Cantillon said no no no we're not doing that we're changing it so that you know your costs but you don't know your revenue and so the entrepreneur effectively can't cheat on that fundamental equation and so yes he ultimately not only did he change the meaning of the word which I show by looking at French dictionaries of the time he changed it to almost the very opposite of what the entrepreneur had been known and then as you look at those French dictionaries and encyclopedias that his terminology becomes the accepted one through the writings of the physiocrats and Mirbault, Turgo, Condeac and others Jean-Baptiste Sesse who was only indirectly affected by Cantillon but affected nonetheless and so yeah that's really the fundamental concept of economics but it's a completely different meaning than the original meaning of that term Do you think he glimps but maybe didn't fully grasp the idea of subjective value he talks about property for example quite a bit real estate but so is he hung up on the idea that things have intrinsic value well yeah he uses the word intrinsic value and that would be an anathema to a modern economist that something had value in and of itself as a result of the physical characteristics of the good and of course we now know that the value of a good is based on subjective evaluations of people of the good and so he was criticized for that particularly that term but intrinsic value is a term that's also changed in meaning and it's now sort of the physical molecular characteristics of a good but that is a result of a changing meaning of intrinsic value to more of the physics oriented understanding of intrinsic value prior to that it was it was more subjective concept like how people valued the beauty of a certain person or a beauty of a flower or whatever they placed value into a product or into a person and if you really look at his discussion of value it's clear that what he's talking about is how much land do you put into the production of something what is the quality of that land how much labor do you put into the production of a good and what's the quality of that labor is it skilled or unskilled so what you're looking at is the entrepreneur's decision of how much and what quality of land and labor to put into the production of a good which is essentially our modern concept of opportunity cost and so in addition to everything else Cantillon is credited now with the invention of opportunity cost he used the word intrinsic value as it as its meaning existed in the 1720s and 30s which would later be redefined in the second half of the 18th century to the more physics oriented word but it's clear that he's talking about opportunity cost and what the dead give away of that is as he talks about the cost of an apprenticeship so if a father decides to put his son into an apprenticeship what's the cost of all that well Cantillon this is very much almost identical to the college economics textbook example of what is the cost of going to college so Cantillon notes that the cost of going to an apprenticeship is the fees that you have to pay to be an apprentice and the cost of clothing for the apprentice and also the time invested in that so he says an apprenticeship is like four years long so the father doesn't have the labor of the son for four years so it's the fees plus the time which is the example of what's the cost of going to college well it's the tuition and it's the books and it's the time you lose from the job market the only distinction between the two is that Cantillon says well it's the cost of clothing and of course that wouldn't work with the college example because you're going to have to pay for clothing whether you go to college or not but in Cantillon's case he's talking about children who on the farm would be working in part to help produce clothing for the family so that very much is a consideration for a typical French father wondering whether he should put his son into an apprenticeship but let's just clarify even though intrinsic might have meant something a little different back then and even though he's definitely giving us this concept yet at that point unnamed of opportunity cost we're not crediting him with the marginal revolution 100 plus years earlier there's glimpses of it yes there's glimpses of it so like with price formation he talks about there's a market day and the farmers bring their peas to the market for sale and a certain number of chefs show up with some idea of how much they're willing to pay for the peas and it all works itself out but he doesn't have the full fledged marginal revolution the way it would exist 150 years in the future now he we'll go back a little bit here but he does discuss interest at length and he sees this as sort of a supply and demand of loanable funds so he's not a proto-Austrian in that sense yes that's correct he has an extensive discussion of interest in the book and it's the roles that it plays and why it's a positive thing and why you know if again going back to the example of the pub if the brewery sells a keg of beer to the pub the price that they're going to collect when they bring the next keg the interest is embedded in that so he he shows that for example that the customers of the pub don't seem to think that this interest charge is really much of a problem so he puts it into the language of the common man as well so he he goes into the discussion of interest in its determination and its impact and its role at great length speaking of proto-Austrianism I want to bring up a paper that Gita Halsman wrote called More on Cantillon as a proto-Austrian and in this paper he discusses Rothbard's treatment of Cantillon which is very favorable and very laudatory but he also says maybe Rothbard didn't fully grasp the extent to which Cantillon really was a proto-Austrian and Halsman starts out by saying look you know the whole book the beginning of the book in particular is rooted in property it starts off with a property perspective and that was is something that other schools don't do now absolutely property plays a major role and that's not surprising because property actually did play a major role in determining who you are and what you did and how wealthy you would be so he makes a great deal of importance to the role of property and as a matter of fact he starts out by saying that society itself would be impossible without property that you have to have property rights those rights have to be protected and defended they have to be tradable and so he very much starts out with this concept of property as being absolutely necessary to take any steps further so in that sense it's just as important as entrepreneurship in the development of of economic theory and he dismisses the idea that property should be equal that everybody should have the same amount of property he says that that concept is ridiculous, unattainable and even if we did divide up all the land equally he said that within a generation or two it would all be right back in the hands of a small number of good property developers basically so it's a natural, it's necessary concept and it's you can see it's influenced throughout the the essay because it does play such a fundamental role in the economy. Isn't that interesting though we're sitting here in the U.S. in 2019 when we think of super wealthy people we tend to think of entrepreneurs like Bill Gates whose wealth is tied up in a company in stocks in ownership of publicly traded companies for example we don't think of the richest people in America as owning vast amounts of land but in 1730 and really up until pretty recently across the West I mean land was wealth I mean it played a much bigger role in people's mindset about who had land and who didn't was a lot more important than today. Oh yes absolutely and of course French society at this time was very unequal and would continue to get more unequal up to the French Revolution it was very much tied to the idea of land of growing food of having farm land of having forests of having mines those were all fundamentally important and also Cantillon doesn't mention this in the essay but it's really very important to to French economic history is that if you were part of the nobility and you did own vast swaths of land you wouldn't be taxed on it so if you were part of the nobility and this land owning aristocracy you were also operating in a tax-free zone which was very handy basically and he even imagines a world in which the entire world was owned by just one person and he owned essentially all of the land in this giant isolated state Cantillon said that that person would be relatively poor because one person even if they work like mad couldn't really derive much out of this vast land holdings and in order to actually generate the benefits of all this land the land owner or the state owner would want to hire as many people as they possibly could and not just unskilled workers but they'd also want to hire or train skilled workers masons and carpenters and you know, hire skilled people which he's already shown if you want hire skilled people you're going to have to pay more money if you want an apprentice who can make clothing fine clothing you're going to have to pay more money because of the opportunity cost so he's basically explaining the transition from feudalism to capitalism is this understanding that even during feudalism the state owners wanted to hire as many people as possible and to have skilled workers as much as possible and then he says well you know this is all kind of a complex thing for just one person to run so let's imagine the state owner leasing various farms of the estate to his farm managers and in a sense he says you've created entrepreneurs because these farm managers who are now entrepreneurs they're going to want to you know create as much revenue from that farm as possible so they're going to switch production from low price things to high price things to generate more revenues and if demand changes in the economy the entrepreneurs are going to respond to that so this is where he transitions from feudalism to capitalism by creating new entrepreneurs in the economy who will make the responses that the estate owner used to have to manage on their own so this is very influential on Adam Smith who in the theory of moral sentiments 1759 four years after the essay was published he basically says he paraphrases basically what Cantillon did and said you know what if this owner of this humongous estate owned everything around and he basically summarized what Cantillon demonstrated and in many cases Smith was influenced by Cantillon but he knew he wanted to sell a lot of books and so he simplified a lot of things and so when he would get to something that required an in-depth discussion of the fine-tuned workings of the economy he didn't really understand Cantillon well enough to be able to replicate that he knew his readers wouldn't want to see that so he would invent phrases like the invisible hand as a way to summarize to jump ahead so to speak with the discussion so he used that phrase first as an economic phrase in the theory of moral sentiments and then he used it again in the wealth of nations where the invisible hand was self-interest and that individuals following their self-interest would amazingly promote the general interest of society he couldn't go through that whole discussion because it was very complex and your average reader wouldn't want to go through all that so just fast forward using the phrase invisible hand but that phrase the concept behind it he swiped a little bit from Cantillon and the physiocrats I've got another paper where I showed that he used it three times once in a work before Cantillon where he dismissed the idea that the gods were controlling thunder and lightning and things of that nature so it was a negative use of the term invisible hand and then he used it in the theory of moral sentiments correctly with respect to Cantillon's essay on the isolated estate and then he used it in the most well-known context in the wealth of nation where self-interest would unintentionally promote the general interest of society so as we're starting to wrap up I want to get your general take is it fair to call Cantillon or think of him as a proto-Austrian or is that a stretch? I don't think it's a stretch at all I think that you know there's good economics and bad economics this is not only good economics it's the first economics it's the first attempt to try to generate and demonstrate economic theory this is where it's the wellspring of economic science and I think that Austrians can embrace all that Guido obviously did I have Murray obviously did the early Austrians were most obviously I think impacted by Cantillon's work and it was certainly true of the 18th century French anti-mercantilist school of thought which predates Cantillon in the work of Sebastien Velban and a few others who were kind of like liberals libertarians anti-statists but they didn't really have any good economics Cantillon provides the economics that is then used by the physiocrats and Turgo throughout the rest of the century So we'll wrap up on this you wrote a paper about a painting a famous painting that in your estimation depicts Cantillon it had been argued that there were no known paintings and no photographs of them so talk about the painting and how you got interested in this obviously you're an art guy in general you enjoy fine art and painting so this must have been sort of a too interest of tailing Oh yes and it was great I almost I hated to see it come to an end in some respect because it's like being a police inspector or something there was no known image of Cantillon you know forever basically that we knew of and that was been reported on by me and many others that we just didn't have any image of him and there's a few websites where they have the incorrect images of Cantillon but while vacationing in France 2005 went to the the Louvre Museum in Paris walked into a room of early French portraits which was the foundation really of the Louvre's collection they were given close to 800 such portraits about 100 years ago or more actually it was in the late 1700's when a collector donated them to the Louvre so there's this massive painting on the wall directly in front of me across the room measuring 8 feet across and 6 feet high and I looked at it and I said to myself as I had goosebumps that that's Cantillon and I walked over and looked at the artist and it was the same artist that had done Mrs. Cantillon's wedding portrait and we know that he did and this was the most expensive French portrait artist during Cantillon's life in Paris so only very wealthy people would go to him the reason I thought it was him from across the room because it consisted of a man a young wife and a daughter and that was the composition of Cantillon's family that we knew of and the painting had been incorrectly thought of as the artist's family but the artist's family who we have other portraits of that don't look anything like this one had multiple children so it couldn't possibly be the artist's family but I thought it was Cantillon the only problem is how do you prove that and so I was looking at just any kind of evidence circumstantial evidence that would connect this painting with the Cantillon's and so I went through every possible feature that was in that portrait to first of all I changed the date and experts on the subject have concurred that the date was incorrectly they put it down as 1715 come to know that it was really probably around 1730 when it would have been appropriate for Cantillon's family so that tied them together and the reason that we know it was 1730 is because the stockings on Cantillon had only been introduced in the late 1720s in Paris and so it couldn't have possibly been any earlier because those stockings existed at the time so he would have been about a 50 year old man in the portrait did he look like a 50 year old man in the portrait? yes he did and I subsequently found another painting of Cantillon that was done in 1720 the year of the Mississippi bubble when he became so fabulously wealthy and it's an individual portrait of him as a younger man but if you look at the family portrait and the individual portrait the men look very much the same except of a different age and if you look at the Mrs. Cantillon's wedding portrait and the family portrait they look very similar except of a different age and if the painting was done around 1730 or 1731 Cantillon's daughter would have been about 7 or 8 and if you measure the average height of the girl it basically that's about the height of the girl in the portrait and the final thing that I thought of was that the images on the internet look like they have dark eyes black eyes or brown eyes but basically all three of them genetically are from southwest Ireland where blue eyes dominate and I sent an email to the person at the Louvre who's in charge of 17th and 18th century French portraits and I said could you please examine the portrait and tell me the eye colors because I think all six should be blue and so she wrote back a couple hours later and said how did you know and at that point I thought that I had figured it out because it was them and a final piece of evidence is that they were all Jacobites they were all people who wanted to see England return to Catholicism and that was a secret Irish and Scottish society type of thing although it was very political as well I mean people were actually wanting to mount armies and to invade England over this issue and so these secret societies existed in Ireland, Scotland and in France where all the former Irish Catholics had moved to and the symbol of that movement is the rose and the portrait artists that I've been referring to had this advertisement that he used where it has 11 hands painted in different positions and that was important because if you had a portrait with your hands in them that would effectively double the price because hands were really hard to paint and was an expert at hands and so he had this advertisement at his studio a portrait of 11 hands and that's also in the Louvre as well and the middle hand on this portrait is holding a dish and on the dish is the rose and that hand gesture is also drawn in the portraits of the Cantillones if they're doing a hand gesture they're using this particular hand gesture so I speculate that it's this particular hand gesture which is the pistol grip hand gesture so you're pointing your finger out with your thumb up that would make sense that it was sort of like a military symbol that we're going to use force to try to restore Catholicism and that's how he painted Cantillon and his daughter Well, Mark Thornton I think today was more of a history lesson than an economics theory lesson but nonetheless is a fascinating guy he wrote a fascinating book and it's well worth your time to check out again if you go to Mises.org go to our store look up Cantillon an essay on economic theory and put in the code HAPOD for Human Action Podcast you will get a nice discount on that book Mark Thornton thanks so much for your time and we hope you guys enjoyed the show The Human Action Podcast is available on iTunes SoundCloud, Stitcher, Spotify Google Play and on Mises.org Subscribe to get new episodes every week and find more content like this on Mises.org


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late sports guards. We were ripping dual case MLB 2023 Bowman Chrome Baseball, hobby and HDA choice number four. Pick your team style, read off the list of our names and our teams. Got Michael C Dodgers. Thank you, Michael. Let me organize these by alphabetical Barton L with the Blue Jays, K to H Mets, Charles A Nationals, Chun Wei W at Red Sox, Kurt S Padres, Gary A White Sox, Glen K Rangers, Jacob C Guardians, Jeffrey H Orioles, Yankees and Reyes, Jeffrey HAZ with the Astros, Jim G, Brewers Rockies, Jonathan H with the Phillies, Jordan W, Twins, Larry K with the Mariners, Long J, Pirates, Matt S, Cardinals, Braids, Marlins, Giants, Diamondbacks, Athletics, go Matt. Michael C again, thank you with the Dodgers, Patrick Seed, Tigers, Angels, Rich S with the Reds, Tony W, Cubs and Royals. Let's do it, everybody. Again, we've got just now two teams remaining in our first contender's optic break. The two New York teams, Nix and Nets. Nix and Nets available. Start with Hobby on this one, everybody. Again, it might be like a couple minutes behind going in the first contender's optic break, but not a huge deal. We'll catch up. Those are pretty quick. And we have a pretty good buffer between when I finish and when Forest starts. So, if we finish 10, 15, 20 minutes behind, no big deal at all. I might need to switch trashes when I get a chance. The pristine is making that a fun time right there, for sure. All right, here we go. Yonah, Jason Young, Ludwig Espinosa for the Cubs. Seah, refracted at 4.99 for the Cubbies. Shim and Galan full first. Melodías, Dornish Valdes, Shimmer of Gennaro Miller, aka Gennaro Miller, guys' money. Jeff Williams, Jeff Annette. Should have our auto in here. It's gonna be a base auto of Davidson Gutierrez, one of the last teams taken. I'm just gonna have Jay wipe this off. There's a little bit of dust on it. Should be like a surface issue or anything. What's up, Puka? How you doing, buddy? Good to see you, man. Good to see you. Good to see you. Happy dual release day. Green, Tanner Bibby, nice one there for the Guardians, the 99 who made a bit of a case for late surge in rookie to year voting. He's gonna finish probably top three, I think, behind Gunnar, who I think is gonna win, and Casus slash Yoshida. But Bibby's right up there, too. Bibby is right up there, for sure. Sucks that Jung's only coming back now. I know. If he didn't get hurt, he probably would have locked it up. Thelman Celestin first for the Mariners. He probably would have locked it. White speckled Parada to 299 for the Mets, got a Walcott first, Gennaro Miller. It's a white speckled, Connor Steind, 299, and that's going to the Rockies. Hey, Texan's gone in number one. Markel, thank you, buddy. Texan's off the board now in the first mosaic choice football. Jason, of course, CJ Stroud. Will Anderson's gonna have autos in there. So is Tank Dell for Rookies. CJ Stroud, he's doing these things. There is your rookie to year leader right now, I'd say, for offense is gonna be Mr. CJ Stroud. Defense, I don't know. Defense, I don't know yet. What do you guys think? I think Anthony would just don't make another case. Yeah, I think so. I think so. I don't think they're rushing him back necessarily, especially from a concussion. You don't want to mess with that too much. Gold, Willie Fannis, nice one there on the Invicta, 250. Luis Guanipa first, Brandon Maia first. Nice pack there on first and a gold Invicta. White speckled at 299, Jayce Young for the Tigers. Drew Jones, Justin Crawford, Yosue Mepala, Blaze Jordan, Shimmer, Blase, and Atomic, BJ Cook to 100. Nice one there, let him cook. Congrats, that is going to be going to Matt. Picked up the A's late, very nice. Congrats, Matt. Like I said, the A's do hit in this fairly well. What's up, Blow? That is a Alex Ramirez to 199. We got Welbin for Insistica and Braylor Guerrero. Choice configuration, it's 10 box, 20 box cases, 20 box cases, 10 box, half case break. Edwin with the Giants in number two of choice. Yes, I believe it is like the basketball choice. Yeah, it's like both basketball choices. Yep, Roman Anthony. That's a gold, Brooks Brandon, nice one, Red Sox to 50. We'll take the gold first. You could just do for color, you could just do gold number for the recap. That is a base auto, Omari Daniel going to the Twins. Nice one there, Twins, Lentigua and Henry Chavilly. Chilly Chavilly, baby. Yes, yeah, one pack per box. You're going to get like one or two rookie exclusives, and then usually two silver slash mosaics, then the auto, and then three numbered cards. And then sometimes the numbered card will be, there'll be a peacock in place of one of the numbers, and they'll either be the mosaic choice to 80. Luis Almeida is going to be Ethan Salas in this pack. You ready? Ethan Salas base in this pack. Ethan Salas auto. Theo Cartaglia, Ethan Salas base. The peacock will be, and then there will be in place of one of the numbered cards, and then you'll have the Jackson Merrill Refractor. They'll either be the mosaic, red and yellow, like the choice, or the black gold, which will be the number to eight. So it's 80 or eight. It's a little different in basketball. I believe it's 88. That's why maybe it's vice versa. Oswaldo Osario, nice one there, 250 on the first for the Dodgers, last team taken. Anthony Gutierrez. Wow, Babe Ruth be sick. Base auto, Devisen De Los Santos. Let's go into the diamond backs. Congrats Arizona on the base auto. That is a Drew Gilbert pink teal vapor wave to 125. Oh, the vet contender's optic checklist, nasty. That's something I think everybody's gonna enjoy. Yeah. Oh yeah. Jesus Caba, Dickers. There is White Speckle, Kevin Perrata 299 for the Metz, Carter Young and Edwin Solano. And last pack of box three here is a base auto look gold. Going to the Tigers, congrats, Detroit. Mola and Gerard. Hey yo sir, Anthony. Wander, iconic. It's an orange. Jesus Caba first. Nice. There we go, Philadelphia. Second one I pulled, true orange first base. One of the better prospects, I believe he does not have ink in this. So that'll be one of the 24. Yeah. Oh yeah, for sure. That he is him, Walcott. Yeah. It's like one or two others that are very good without ink yet. Shimmer, William Bergoya, Delgado, Aidan Sanchez, got base auto, Canard Delgado for the inks, congrats, the inks. Either why Kim picking up a spot in Bowman, he signed all the way. Yeah, I know. He went way down to the left. Now you're right, Nicholas. It's like down to the left. Yeah. Refractor Miguel Vargas to 499, rookie for the Dodgers. Walcott first, Angenero Miller. It's the hardest picture in this entire product with Walcott. He's like, just chilling, dude. That's what I'd want my first Bowman. Shimmer. I believe the 85 last year at least, the throwback, they're all on card. The inserts are generally sticker. The rookie stuff is all on card for the true base and stuff, and the true colors, but I think it depends on the set. That is a Jason Churio 275 on the orange yellow vapor wave for the Guardians. I think it's dependent on the set. What up, Mark? How you doing, buddy? Good to see you. Refractor is Junior Franco, first to 499, going to the Diamondbacks. Melodias, Dernichy Valdez on the next, and Zavala. That is Juan Minju, Nelson Arada, and a Jason. Refractor, James Wood to 499, Jason Churio in the Ludwig Espinosa. Weird, weird print on that Ludwig Espinosa. It is just a base, so not much to do there, unfortunately. It is Blaise Jordan, Diaz and Valdez to throwback. Yeah! Yeah, the Magic, Magic Johnson throwback. That's a base auto, afraid of Duno. Going to the Reds, nice one there, Sinsi, base and base. We've got Daniel with the nets in number two. Thank you, Daniel. Victor with the Hornets in number five. Thank you, Victor. A couple more getting knocked off on the road working. Nice, there you go, Mark. He's good, he's really good. He was a top international signing, I'm pretty sure. Christopher Morel on the field of dreams. Image variation, nice one there. Congrats on that, Cubs. Rainer Arias first, and base. Xavier Isaac, Yasser Mercedes. Purple, Jet Williams, Jet the Met, 2, 250. Jet Blue, always not. It's not a blue. White speckle auto, Ludwig Espinosa, two. Going to the Cubs, the 299, the Walcott first, and General Miller, yeah. Oh yeah, we definitely pressed the scallop rainy spot. The white Mamba, way too low. He's got one of the best quotes of all time, dude. He goes, that's so funny, dude. So funny.  He just goes, I'm closer to LeBron than you are to me. Which is true. It's facts, dude. There was another one, Yoantry Vargas first, there was somebody who was like, when they won the finals, he was like, Yankil Fernandez, someone was like, how does it feel to not even play like a second in the NBA finals? And he goes, listen, like, in one year, you're not going to remember that I didn't play a minute. In five years, I'll probably tell my kids that I started it. In 10 years, I'll probably tell them that I won finals MVP. So there's Brett Beatty, image variation again, nice one there for the Mets. So funny. He's like, in one year, you won't remember that. In five years, I'll still be a champ. In 10 years, I'll tell my kids that I started it. And in 20 years, I'll just tell them that I won finals MVP. Rainer Arias. Justin, pick up the Red Sox in dual case. We have another one of these dual cases, I think on like, Tuesday, maybe Anderson de Los Santos to 199. I know there's another dual case, I just don't remember why. I think it's Tuesday, Monday or Tuesday night, maybe Monday morning, I don't know. Yo, as far as late, going to the Blue Jays to 299. Nice one there. Congrats. Blue Jays. Brady House and Xavier Isaac. Xavier Isaac. One prospect, I think everybody really just keeps on. Isaac, yeah, I agree. He's a stud, dude. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I remember that, you know, yeah, he like, there's Andy Acevedo to 499.  You guys, I'm closer to LeBron than you'll ever beat me. Yep. All time quote. All time sports quote right there. Let you know. Absolute legend. That was so funny. Legendary. Yeah. Atomic prospect process to 150. William Bergoya. Bowman's dust. Thank you. Yeah, that was Scalabrini that said that. Yep. There's Freddie Michelle, first base order. We're just saying this. We're talking about Brian Scalabrini because he's in the contenders optic checklist with an auto. So we're just talking about great Brian Scalabrini quotes. That is a fantastic Brian Scalabrini quote. Closer than LeBron, then you'll ever be to me. Such a legend, dude. Such a legend. Must be, yeah. Trishon Kossus, Teal Raywave to 199 for the Red Sox. Right, exactly, exactly. You want to do Vargas first? The amount of talent that is. Yeah, he is. There's a green Jordan Lawler. He is great on the Celtics. He does like the analysis for the Celtics game sometimes. Really? Yeah. That's cool. He's really good too. I like Scalabrini. Base auto, Brett Wisely. Got ducks out there. I'm over it, dude. Nice one there for the raids, base and base. Like this guy played at Arizona State, drops 30 footers and dunks over kids that never even sniffed the NBA, right? Exactly. There's nice. Rainer Arias to 125 on the Pink Teal Vapor. Congrats on that. They're Matt picking up the Giants in this case. Or just dual case, I should say. It's a nice Arias. For ya. Right, exactly. That's why I do love when most former players, there's some former players I can't stand do analysis. Yeah, because it's just bad. There's some that are just horrible, like Kendrick Perkins that has no business having a job, but he is terrible. Drew Waters to 499. But they're certain, that's why a lot of times great NBA players don't make great coaches. There's Trey Faltin, first base auto for the Reds. Like there's very, very few instances where a great, great player will make a great coach. It happens, obviously. I don't think it's super, what's up? Or owner. Yeah. I don't think it's super like, or a GM, to be honest. I don't think it's super, it's not super common for someone who is like an all time great to be an all time great coach or a GM as well.  John L. Way can't scout a quarterback if to save his life. Like, um, yeah, MJ was not good. I'd say Thomas with the Knicks was terrible. That Steve Nash was a terrible coach in Brooklyn. Like there's, so it doesn't happen a lot of times. A lot of times it's like those role players who understand the game really well. Roger Arias, who didn't have the entire game, you know, when they played the entire team built around them necessarily. So they had to adapt. Yeah. Ziko Tovar, image variation, third image variation, Antigone Javilli of the case. So that's why your all time great coaches are Steve Kerr, you know what I mean? Who is on a bunch of finals team, teams, but uh, there's Raymond Mola, Luis Guanipa first, Brandon Maia. That wasn't the guy. Wasn't necessarily, yes, the number one option. But was on a, I mean Kerr won what, four championships. There's Jonathan Enriquez, base auto. Seth, we've got Contender's Optic Basketball and we've got Mosaic Choice Football. That's release day. So we have six cases of Contender's Optic after this, after this break. And then we've got two half cases of Mosaic Choice as well. Miguel Vargas to 499. So yeah, some really cool releases, some really good releases to releases I've been very excited for. Basketball, especially Contender's Optic Basketball. We haven't had a really good release of basketball since like Mosaic. I've had a release of basketball since Mosaic. So it's good to get that product done and out and on the market. Bluette, Eugenio Suarez to 150. Juno and Collier. Base is Joey Estets going to the eights. Nice one there. Base and base. All right, exactly. That's why I'm always like super weary when there's like a big name like guy that goes and coaches in basketball or in baseball or in football. Because not all the time necessarily. They're going to get it done or they're just going to, because when you're like that superstar player, your mentality is different than a lot of the other guys. Yeah, no, exactly. Exactly. That's right. He had five rings as a player. Three with the bowls and then two with the spurs. I couldn't remember. I knew he had at least one with the spurs. I didn't remember if he got the second one, but no, he did. God, ways he had nine rings. That's purple Jacob Melton two at 250. Geez, man. Imagine he passes Bill West. Yeah, honestly, Bill Jackson. Yeah. I can see him passing Bill. There's Guanipa. Yeah, Jerry West was a great, he was a great GM for sure. There's Shimmer of Camilo Diaz. Yeah, a lot of great coaches were not great in the NFL and weren't great. NFL, you see that a lot. You don't see a lot of great, like, pouring Montgomery to 250. Nice one there for the Marlins and the Purple Auto. I don't think so, Mark. We don't have a ton. Once it comes out, I know we'll probably get a lot of triple threads when it comes out. Oh, God, I can't either, dude. I love triple threads so much. What a product that is, man. Schwerber to 99 green. But probably not until they both release five star. I don't think we really have much left of. We ripped it through a ton of it for person. Soonish, I think. Yeah. Well been Francisco because usually it came out after all the all the flagship Rome stuff. Yeah. So the the Cosmics and the Stug it into like higher. Yeah, we're gonna start getting to like the definitive tier one. Yeah. Icons, yeah. Yellow, bright, Sarper to 75 triple threads, obviously. Nice one there. Five star, eventually, he'll come out to five stars a little bit later. December time. Last year, yeah. Base Auto, Davison Gutierrez. First base for the Mets. No, it is impressive when Coach Prime is impressive because of how good he's going to be at recruiting. That's going to be really, like Colorado's gonna have top recruiting classes every year. He cares about the kids. He does. And that's a lot of and that's what some coaches do that. Some coaches don't. And that's the tosser. Yeah. But he actually, honestly, you can see every time he goes out there, he cares. Yeah. No, I agree with that. 100% agree with that. He's great for college football. That's why I hope he doesn't try. Like, I know that they're trying to press in the wallets. He'll end up going to an SEC school. But no, I know they're trying to press him to go go to the NFL. But yeah, true. It's what to 499. I don't think he'd be a great NFL coach. I think he's a great, I think he's where he is now, I think is great. And I think he'll get a better NFL or a better hill. He'll some SEC team will end up giving him a lot of money. My Reds fan, what am I looking for with De La Cruz? His first he's not in any top products yet. There's Jackson Cherry to 99 green shimmer. So all of his bowman stuff. His first bowman was in 2022 regular bowman. And then he's in bowman's best and bowman sterling. He has autos as well. Base auto at Christian Monroe going to the angels. Soto and Osario. He's shooting a video about the boats and twins being tied to the Italian mom. They really? Yeah. 100 Muci passes while. Their great grandfather was one of the bosses. And I was like, and somebody actually went up and interviewed them and asked them this. And like, they're just like, we don't talk about that. Yeah. Jesus. I was like, you know, you don't talk about anything mom. No, probably not. That's probably not smart. Because that's how you wind up in a dumpster. Yeah. Yeah. Ellie, they're not going to put Ellie in any products this year. They're going to get, they're going to make sure to put them in series one and they're going to get a full run of Ellie next year. You're going to get a full run of Ellie. Another orange, Manny Machado for the Padres. 225. Serena and Luis Almeida. So it'll be a East and South space first. A pack. Bassado of Justin Henry Malloy. Nice one there for the Braves and Ethan Salasverse and Adrian Pinto. He always follows Almeida. And Chavilly and Guerrero always follow each other. There's like one or two other. Walcott and Genaro Miller follow each other too. Lynn with a spot immaculate, Luminance of Elite Patches, breaking later today. Again, guys, just the Knicks to go in our first case of contenders optic, just the Knicks. 70 bucks for the Knicks. They got a lot of vets as always. Probably have Kiehl's rookie stuff. I know RJ's in there quite a bit. Brunson might have autos as well. I know he had autos and regular contenders this year. Lane is live over on Fanatics Live as well. Nice. Mason Hour. He's, what is he ripping right now? I don't know what you're calling. Oh, is your McGrone this? Yes. God, I would hate to put the atoms on the bangles. The 499. No, you can't. Well, I mean, I think T. Higgins is gone. I think there's no way they can't afford T. Higgins. So it makes sense to try to bring him in on a trade. If the Vegas could eat some of the contract. There's another orange shimmer. Victor is Turris. Nice. Third orange of the break. Congrats, Guardians. But T. Higgins, I think, is they didn't make the deal. He's going to hit free agency.  There's a Hayden Dunhurst. Nice one there for the Royals. That's what they're going to lose. I don't see any of them, though. Yeah. I know. It's like Peng-Zen picking up the Padres in Rainer Ariov's first dual case. No, Chase and Devontae would be nuts together. That's hard. There we go. Peter M. Selling us out on a contenders optic number two. Thank you, buddy. Nick's are off the board now. Refractor James Wood to 499. Again, a lot of vets for that team, which is pretty cool. They definitely have a pretty good checklist. I think that's Mara's. So thank you, Peter. Appreciate you, buddy. One Benjamin. Again, we also have Mosaic football choice at the end of the day today. Six and 12 to go on the remaining last few breaks. Only one break in double digits today, which is awesome. That is a Alex Ramirez Magenta Shimmer, two or Magenta Vaporwave to 175 or 150 or 199. One of the three. And base auto Dylan O-O-O-O-Ray. Auto parts, bam. With Bruce. There you go. Well, I'll be rip night, baby. We have a hobby rip night coming up tomorrow. Here at the shop. That's where my daddy go there. Yeah. Jackson Churio on the Ascension. It's a nice one there, Brew Crew. That is Luis Torres to 199. Acevedo, Jet The Met, Williams. Gavin Cross, Shimmer. Base auto, Johnny Perron. For the raise. The last box here. Again, we'll probably be a few minutes behind going in the first Bowman Chrome break, but not too worry. We'll make up the time. Blue, Josie Galan first for the Rangers to 150. Not three. Huh? But you're not three. What did I say? Bowman Chrome. Oh yeah, contenders optic. Thank you. Brett Beatty to 299. Felon and Celestyn. Sarmienta. It's early, man. It's early. What's up? It's early, man. No, it is. Sebastian Walcott. The only, literally the only two days I wake up before 11 o'clock a.m. is on Monday and Friday. He'll never catch me, like, tomorrow. Probably won't catch me up until about noon Sunday. I'm working, so I'll be up at 7 a.m. There's Andy Acevedo first refractor to 499. And base auto of Kenny Gomez. Going to the Astros. Nice one there Tuesday. Do a quick dust off. And then we'll do some choice. Just like Kenny G. Yeah, pretty much, dude. On my shoe real quick, but I don't. I feel like almost all of us wear white shoes, you know. We really do, dude. They're pretty predictable in that sense. Yeah. Okay. All right. I just like them. I like these because they just match with everything. It doesn't matter what you're wearing, dude. These are all mine. Actually, this is like my third pair of these. Yeah, exactly. I keep on buying these because I'll love them. Right. Once you find a good pair, you can get a bunch of. It's worth it. Here we go. Choice 23 Bowman Chrome Choice. Super fracter. Come on. Let's see it. Super fracter auto, baby. Super. Come on. Jesus Bugatton first base auto for the Rockies. Got a Griff McGarry first base auto for the Phillies. And refractor first auto for the Braves is Jair Casanova. Congrats, Atlanta. That's the first box there on the box two now. First base auto of Abner Uribe. Going to the Brewers. He's got one there. Is he? Yeah, and welcome for walking. Whoa. This stuff's good. Freddie Michelle, he's in the bigs. Yeah. Not another one. Nice. Freddie Michelle first base auto for the Twins. Actually, I didn't know that. That's good to know. Christian Maynard to 299 for the White Sox on the White Speco Auto. Very nice. Orange. Orange Wave auto. That is a Blade Tidwell for the Mets. Nice one there at New York. Joey Estes, first base auto for the East. You can back this one. Nice. Last spot, Mojo. Going to the Dodgers to 25. Orange Wave, Jesus Galleese. Congrats to, I believe that was Michael. There you go, Michael. Congrats, buddy. Nice one there. Last spot, Mojo, baby, to 25. Get Lane over on Fanatics Live. He is ripping Contender's Optic basketball. Spots are going to most likely be on sale. He's going to be ripping a lot of stuff, which will be fun. So hell, yeah. That is a Jacob Melton, first base auto for the Astros. Congrats on that, Astros. Got a Green Lava to 99, Chris Newell for the Dodgers. Chris Newell, and then for the Yankees. Purple to 250, Hans Montero. Congrats on that, New York. Got Junkies. Yes, sir. They're always deep in this. Super deep in this product. It's like a one year. Yeah. Well, we had Arias, and not much outside of Ariaslan Lashers, Bowman Crome. And then, let's say, with this year's Bowman, we had Spencer Jones, but not much outside of that. Drafts were terrible. We were one of the worst teams in drafts. There's Davison Gutierrez, first base auto for the Metz. Drew Thorpe's OK, though. Dmitry Kosanti, going to the Diamondbacks, first base auto. These are the best-picking both, but... Yeah, right now, I would say. I agree with that. Luis Perales to 250, Red Sox on the Purple Auto. Congrats, Red Sox. That's one there. So am for Contender's Optic, dude. I love that stuff. That's so much fun. Oh, so good. I really like Contender's Optic basketball. I like it a little more than I like Contender's Optic football, to be honest. I really do. I had 100% honesty on that. I like Contender's Optic basketball more. Two cards there. Dario Laverde, first base auto for the Angels. Got another Dario, this time Dario Barrero, for the White Sox on the first base auto. And 499, Refractor first to the Phillies is Brian Rincone. Brian Rincone, first for the Phillies, Refractor again to 499. All right, we've got Adrian Pinto, first base auto for the Blue Jays. I'll bully J anyway. One almost, first base auto for the Royals. Hit the like button, it'll encourage me to bully J. So 499, Refractor, Jack Panetta for the Royals. Congrats on that, Casey. First base auto is Junior Franco, going to the Diamondbacks. Diamondbacks doing well here. A lot of good prospects for them. Whoops, there we go. We've got a first base auto of Joel Diaz. That'll be going to the Metz. Congrats, Metz. And going to the Orioles. Refractor first, Frederick Ben-Cosme. Nice one there. Congrats, Baltimore to 499, Refractor, Ben-Cosme. We've got Mike Coyotto. That is going to be going to the Guardians. First base auto, congrats, Cleveland. Again going to the Diamondbacks. That is going to be A, Juan Corneal to 150. Choice exclusive, congrats, Arizona. And then Blue Rewave to 150, Luis Torres for the Angels. Congrats, LA. Again, Lane over on Fanatics Live. Everybody make sure to give him some love if you're interested in some PYT breaks over there as well. That is a Daniel Mateo, first base auto for the Rangers. Nice one here, first base auto for the Phillies. Marcus Lee Sang, you know what Marcus Lee did? He sang. Yes, he did. Marcus Lee sang, congrats, Phillies. And Green to 99. True Green, Joey Estes for the A's. Nice color match there. I think that was Matt, I believe had the A's in this. Nope. Yep, Matt S, congrats, Matt.  Thank you again. Two boxes left. Let's see one banger out of this case. Let's see it. Relatively tamed case overall. See if we can heat it up at the end now. Chris Newell, nice one again at Dodgers. First base auto. Let's go with a spicy auto. Oh yeah. That is going to be a Juel Diaz again for the Nets. Nets on that. And two 250. Kate Hunzer going to the red, congrats, Cincinnati. Nice one as well. Again, contenders optic number three, Nets, Pelicans, Knicks, Wizards. That is it. That is all. Wizards, good value team. If you're looking for some good value, Washington will be a solid one for sure. Johnny Davis, I'm sure will be all over that product. Last box of the case. Come on. That is going to be a Kate Hunzer. I know what you mean, Andy. And I get that 100% for the reds. I 100% see what you're saying there. Jesus Bastidas going to the Yankees. Nice one there. First base auto. And a yellow first for the Rockies. Brian Bettencourt, congrats on that Colorado. Very nice. All right. Quick recap here, everybody. Start with your color. Golds, we had Brooks Brandon, Willie Fannis, Orange, Victor Asturas, Manny Machado, and Jesus Cabba. Very solid oranges in there. Start off with your base autos. You've got a Jesus Bastidas, Kate Hunzer, Joel Diaz, Chris Newell, Marcus Lee Sang, Daniel Mateo, Mike Coyado, Joel Diaz, Junior Franco, Juan Olmos, Adrian Pinto, Dario Barrero, Dario Laverde, Davidson Gutierrez, Demetrio Crisantes, Jacob Melton, Joey Estes, Blade Tidwell, Freddie Michele, Abnery Ribe, Griff McGarry, Jesus Pugarin, Kenny Gomez, Johnny Perron, Dylan O'Rei, Hayden Dunhurst, Justin Henry Malloy, Kristin Monroe, Davidson Gutierrez, Joey Estes, Jonathan Enriquez, Trey Faltin, Brett Wisely, Freddie Michele, Alfredo Duno, Kenner Delgado, Luke Gold, Davidson De Los Santos, Omari Daniel, Davidson Gutierrez. All right. Now your refractors to $4.99. We're going to go to next. Steve Gott, A, Frederick Ben Cosme, Jack Pineda, Ryan Rencone, Jair Casanova, Junior Franco, to $2.99, White Speckles, Christian Mena, Ludwig Espinosa, Yosef Arzuleta, Conor Stain, to $2.50, Luis Perales, Kate Hunter, Hans Montero, Torin Montgomery, to $1.50, Luis Torres, Juan Corneal, to $100, B.J. Cook, to $7.75, Brian Bettencourt, to $2.99, Joey Estes, and Chris Newell, and in orange, Haysus Galiz, to $25. That will do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Coming up next is Contender's Optic Release Day.