وصلاة وصلاة متحية والإكرام على النبي الأمي العربي القرشي المكي المدني الحاشمي صاحب قابق وصان محبوب رب المشرخان والمخربان جبد الحسن والحسن النبي الحرمان والإمام القبلتان والرسول الثقلان الذين سمي في السماء بأحمد وفي الأرض بأب القاسم محمد وعلى أهل بيته الطيبين الطاهرين المأسومين المظلومين المنتخبين المنتجبين لاسيما بخية الله في العردين وحجته على الخلاق أجمعين روح يواروح العالمين للتراب مقتمه الفدى واللعنة الدائمة الباقية على عدائهم ومنكر فضائلهم وغاصب حقوقهم أجمعين من يوم عداوتهم إلى قيام يوم الدين أما بعد فقد قال الله سبحانه وتبارك وتعالى في محكم كتابه ومتقن ختابه اسم الله الرحمن الرحيم فسقالهما ثم تولى إذا إلى الظل فقال ربي إني لما أنزلت إليه من خير فقير سلاحة السلام وحمد والمحمدation for this evening is with regards to two great prophets of Allah and them meeting with one another the circumstances of how they met and the important lessons we derive from that particular storyogether with our stories for all the stories amongst you, I will quickly list the lessons that we will get from the stories insha'Allah when we go into detail into the story we'll be able to look at how we will get those lessons now first an important lesson that we get is related to what we spoke about yesterday and that is for a person to do whatever action that they do الله سبحانه وتعالى. وهذا السؤال يعطينا في المشاركة المملكة التي يعطينا المنطقة إلى ما يحدث ما يحدث في المشاركة when a person does something solely for Allah سبحانه وتعالى The second important lesson after that is with regards to trusting Allah سبحانه وتعالى in all your affairs in every single thing that I do and only do it for Allah سبحانه وتعالى but also trust Allah سبحانه وتعالى that whatever result he is going to bring for me in my life will be better for me even if at this moment in time I cannot see the wisdom and the benefit in it for me The third important lesson very important that is very relevant to our lives today that is derived from this particular story is that of the importance of Hayat, of Ghirah and of Hijab in general and the fourth is that when a person trusts Allah سبحانه وتعالى when a person does his action solely for Allah سبحانه وتعالى when a person observes these laws of Allah سبحانه وتعالى what a beautiful result and what a beautiful outcome he manages to achieve which is highlighted in this particular story those of you are familiar with the Holy Quran and may have guessed from the verse that I've recited and maybe the insights that I've given or the hints that I've given for the story will know that I'm talking about the story of the meeting of Mousa A.S. with Shuaib A.S and that the context of how it's mentioned the Holy Quran is that Mousa A.S. had come to the aid of one of his followers whom in the Holy Quran is called his Shi'a and as a result of defending his follower he had killed the person from the people of the Pharaoh and he was very scared, he was very afraid that he's killed one person from the people of the Pharaoh and now the Pharaoh is going to hunt him out and kill him so one of the people comes from the Pharaoh and says to him that I advise you that you leave this place and go far away so that the Pharaoh does not find you so Mousa A.S. leaves and he starts traveling of course we're talking about travel of at least 6000 years ago where there's no pit stops on the way and there's no service station, there's nothing once you're on a journey and you run out of supplies that's it so the Tafseer mentions that Mousa A.S. has been traveling for a long time having left his hometown and for at least 3 days he hasn't eaten at all he hasn't had any food at all he's been surviving on eating plants and leaves and whatever he can find on the way until he arrives in this place which is which the Quran refers to as Madian today it's in the Baghdad Protectorate of Iraq some 100 miles northwest of the capital so he arrives there and when he arrives in this place the Quran tells us he sees a well of course this well is important because he's been traveling for a long time hasn't eaten, hasn't had anything to drink and now he's discovered a well so this is particularly significant when he gets to this well he sees that there is a long queue of people there collecting water and getting water for there animal for their cattle as well and he also notices at the same time that there are 2 girls there on the side who also have their own cattle but they're waiting on the side they're not here in the queue with everybody else so he goes up to them and he asks them how come they're waiting there away from everybody else so they reply to him and they say to him that we have to wait until everybody is gone and the reason why we are here they offer the explanation is the reason why we are here is because our father is an old man and we're the only people who can do this for him so Musa عليه الصلاة والسلام what does he do? he helps to water their cattle it's mentioned in various the Fasir from the school of Ahl al-Bahd that the bucket that was in the well was so heavy that it required some narratives as 2 people, 7 people 40 people to lower it and bring it back up and Musa عليه الصلاة والسلام did this by himself he didn't take assistance from anybody else he went in near to the well and he said to the people who are feeding there and giving water to their cattle he said I will give water to your cattle and I need to give water to the cattle of these young girls as well so in any case he goes he takes the bucket down by himself and he brings it back up again himself and thus he completes the watering of all the animals there and of these 2 young girls as well so the first lesson from this particular part of the story is as we mentioned yesterday the greatest level of a person's action is to do the right thing regardless of whether they're going to get any there's any incentive in that action or not of course Musa عليه الصلاة has never met these girls in his life before he doesn't know who they are he doesn't ask them who they are either and he only does this because he believes it's the right thing to do he helps them water their flock because he believes this is the right thing to do when he does so and they leave when they arrive home now if you arrive home every day at 5 o'clock everybody is expecting you to come home at 5 o'clock if you come home early the first question when you ask is why did you come home early now this watering of the flock this was a regular occurrence used to do it every day and every day they would have to wait for all the groups of people who were watering their flocks to leave before they would start to water their own and therefore they would come back a later time today they'd come back early when they came back early شعب عليه الصلاة والسلام asked them why did you come back early what happened today that allowed you to come back early so one of them says that at the well we met a young man who assisted us who helped us in this matter and surely he is strong and he is trustworthy in the تفصيل this is obviously the ayat of the Qur'an old surat al qasas verse number 23 onwards in the تفصيل I mentioned from Imam Musa Al Qadim عليه الصلاة والسلام صلى الله عليه وسلم شعب عليه الصلاة asks his daughters or the one who had said this that I understand that you think that he is strong because he picked up this bucket that people were not able to pick up and he didn't buy himself but what makes you say that he is trustworthy what makes you say that he is ameen so she replies she says the reason why I said this is because when I so he sends her back he says go and bring him back when he when they come back then they have this conversation about strength and trustworthy so she asked she says why do you think he is trustworthy what is there about him that made you think this so she says when you send me back to bring him I was walking in front because I was leading the way but there was a gust of wind and he told me to stop and he said to me I will walk in front and you will walk behind me and wherever there is a turning you will throw a stone so that I will know where to turn he says why did he do that he says because we are not from a community where we observe the the women from behind so she says for this reason I considered him trustworthy because he took care of the hijab he took care of his own hijab any case so he comes when Musa'a al-salam arrives in the presence of Hazrat Shuaib he offers him food now when we have come back to the context Musa'a al-salam has been traveling for a long time and he hasn't eaten for many days when he is offered the food you give somebody hungry who is hungry for food I don't know the case with you guys he gives me food even if it's not good I'll say it's good because I'm hungry and at this moment in time this person has given me food that I needed Musa'a al-salam what did he do he says to Hazrat Shuaib he says that this good deed that I did I didn't do it for any kind of reward I did not do this good deed of helping your daughters I did some kind of reward for me Shuaib al-salam says that this feeding of this me feeding you is not a reward for what you did this me feeding you is my own generosity I want to feed you because you you did this you showed this act of kindness this is not a reward this is not a payment for what you did but particularly you have to come back to this point about about about because this is very important in this particular story and it's very relevant to our lives because the only reason that Musa'a al-salam comes into this position of presenting himself in front of Shuaib al-salam and then whatever transpires afterwards which we'll come to in a moment the only reason he gets into this position is because he's observed the laws of Allah in the way that he should for a person in today's society whenever they ask questions about this this particular area they say that I'm trying to do X Y Z I'm trying to achieve this kind of spirituality in my life where am I going wrong what do I need to do in order to become more spiritual the buzz word of today is becoming more spiritual what do I need to do in order to become more spiritual, more elevated what do I need to do in order to get closer to Allah the answer is very easy the answer is that I have to follow the laws that he set out if I want to increase my spirituality then the way to do so is to follow the sharia is to follow the commands of halal and haram and in doing so I will become more spiritual there's no magic formula, success ta'weez, dua'a that will make you spiritual if a person is not observing those halal and haram and this story highlights to us in the most magnificent way how just observing that wajib of the hijab that applies to men and women Musa A.S. has gone from this position where he is under threat of his own life to such a glorious position that he is going to achieve in just a moment that we will mention and this is particularly important in today's day and age because not only we have different kinds of interactions not only do we have this interaction the physical kind of interaction that we have with each other but also of course the greatest curse of our era is social media and our social media interaction and in our social media interaction sometimes we let the guard down and we think perhaps because it's not a physical interaction it's okay we can let the guard down no in order to observe that correct kind of it's important that on social media our guard should be up as well just as it would have been in person just as our guard would have been up he would have been observing those rules if we were physically meeting that person similarly on social media our conduct should be consistent with that and should not become inconsistent just because there's a computer or there's a phone in the middle no on the other side I remember when the internet was still new to people and people used to want to chat rooms and discuss with other people whom they didn't know the rules at the beginning when you used to sign up to the chat room they always used to remind you that don't forget on the other side there's a real person don't think for a moment that just because there's a computer or phone in between you that there isn't a real person on the other side and that reminder is obviously that reminder was for security reasons or safety reasons or reminder also for person who's a Muslim and wants to observe these rules that remember on the other side there's a real person and that means that observing those rules of hijab just as we would have observed them in person just as we would have observed them if that person was physically in front of them so Musa A.A. observes Hayab but also the daughters of Shuaib A.A. also observe Hayab and also observe them that they were observing Hayab by waiting and not interacting with the men there that they didn't know and that they were waiting patiently for the men to leave in order for them to water their flock so both sides demonstrated Hayab demonstrated their modesty demonstrated their commitment to the hijab and the second part of what Islam says من لا حياء لا لا دينة ويوغفر doesn't have Hayab has no religion that means that this is particularly particularly significant that when we have interaction with other people we know where to draw the line where to we know where to stop where to limit our interactions with different people whether it's people from the other gender or the people from our own same gender and just because something that we happen to be doing is Halal and it's the right thing we're not speaking about things which are Halam that which is Halam is obviously out of the picture that has already been told by Sharia to refrain from when somebody has done something Halal there are certain things that Hayab necessitates for us to keep personal it's not necessary for me to go out and share those details and share that information with other people and it would be contrary to the Hayab for me to go out and tell people about my Halal interactions as well and therefore it's imperative to remember that that is how significant Hayah is in the religion of Islam رسالة صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى الله عليه وسلم so now when he comes first of all that he's safe in this land of Madean he's far away from far enough away from the Pharaoh that he's safe the Pharaoh will not reach that gives him an offer based on what his daughter had said to him his daughter said what? he said that give him a reward because he is strong and he is trustworthy so Sharia says that I want you to marry one of my daughters I want you to marry one of my daughters but the condition is that you will serve me for 8 years and if you want add 2 more years to those 8 to make it 10 I agree to your terms and after that day they got married this is another significant lesson from this particular story in our culture particularly in the east there is a stigma against a son son in law working for his father in law say Ghar Damad right but Musa is a great prophet and he's become Ghar Damad شعب you work for me and on that condition I will have you get married to you you can marry one of my daughters in the tafseer and clarify that it's the same daughter who had expressed the sentiments regarding him and it's the same daughter whom شعب had sent to get Musa to come towards him but also it shows us that if a person is doing something for Allah SWT if a person is doing this only for Allah SWT his trust in Allah SWT then Allah SWT will reward him magnificently Musa A.S. in his wildest dreams could not have imagined that he would have come to this stage and of course he had not done this action in order to receive any kind of reward or benefit but because his action was solely for Allah SWT rewards him in this in this way and then again the tafseer tells us that he works there for the whole 10 years once the 10 years are complete he leaves there presence of شعب AS and then he goes back towards towards his original hometown goes back towards Egypt on the way back towards Egypt now the Quran tells us on the way back towards Egypt he from the distance sees the fire when he sees the fire he tells his family to wait he says that let me go and get some heat from that fire because we are feeling calm when he goes towards that fire there Allah SWT addresses him and he is ordained with the prophethood when he is ordained with the prophethood of course then he comes back to his family and then he goes towards the Pharaoh in order to preach to him the message of Allah SWT so all of this he receives as a blessing for having acted in the most proper manner in order to in order to seek the pleasure of Allah SWT he did not have any vested interest in helping those those girls those daughters of and nor did he have any vested interest of getting any kind of reward but Allah SWT rewarded him on the basis of his intent of helping them now a few more lessons that we get from that from this particular incident is that شعب سلام had sent out his daughters because he was old so there's no objection from the religious from the shari point of view for women going out some people use the religion to try and justify people saying that the women shouldn't go out no شعب the prophet and he had sent out his daughters to do this work as long as the rules of are observed there's no objection from the religion of Islam for a person to go out as a man or a woman as long as the rules of are observed both موسى السلام observes this rule and so do the daughters of شعب but also particularly is that sometimes there's people who try and use the religion of موسى السلام to defend their own ideas which are not anything to do with Islam for example about six months ago even less than that there was a famous guy who preaches on TV who remain nameless said that Allah SWT hasn't mentioned any strange kind of argument that was presented but I remember when I was preparing for this lecture I thought to myself that here are two prophets of Allah SWT being introduced to us through their women we meet the daughters of شعب in this story before we meet شعب AS and موسى AS while he's being introduced he's being introduced to his mother before he's even born so these two great prophets are being introduced to us in the Quran through the women and if Allah SWT didn't like women for whatever reason why would this kind of introduction take place well finally we observe in this story the importance of not only doing things only for Allah SWT not only doing your trust only in Allah SWT but also always doing the right thing and that eventually a person Allah SWT would not abandon the person who does the right thing because it's the right thing and no other interest there's no interest of reward or any fear of punishment or anything like that موسى AS what state did he start off from and what state does he end it he started off from the state that he was fearful of his life and he ends in the state that he's received prophethood and the order to go back to that same place in order to preach the message of Allah SWT all of this as a result of one action but that action is so great that it was done only and solely for Allah SWT at this moment it's perhaps fitting to mention that on the final day of his life أميل المؤمين was visited بسعى سلوات بسعى أنار was visited by a very prominent companion of his سعسائب نسوهان نسوهان comes to the imam and he says ياميل المؤمين I want to ask you a question this is the day after he struck by on the 20th of the month of Ramadan Imam says ask me سعسائب نسوهان asks is a very long tradition asks him about his comparison with various prophets when he asks him the imam AS is a general principle قاعدة كلية and then he begins answering his question سعسائب نسوهان says to Imam تأريف المرق بذاته معيب for a person to praise themselves is not liked by Allah SWT Allah does not like a person to praise themselves because you've asked me this question and Allah SWT also says فأم بنعمة ربك فهدي this is to the Holy Prophet of Islam with regards to أميل المؤمين in this surah he says and about the نعمة of Allah SWT tell the people and when the imam was asked نعمة of Allah SWT the Prophet was ordered to tell people أميل المؤمين Imam says that because Allah SWT makes this command that when it comes to the نعمة of Allah SWT then tell people so I'm answering your question so he asks him about the comparison with Adam and Noah and Abraham and then he asks him about the comparison with Musa AS and أميل المؤمين is one of this particular incident in Musa AS he says we call in the Holy Quran that when Musa AS is ordained as a prophet and Allah SWT says to him go towards the Pharaoh and preach to him the message of Allah go towards the Pharaoh and preach to him the message of Allah أميل المؤمين says what to Allah he says oh Allah I'm scared because I killed one person from the people of the Pharaoh so send with me Haroon as my brother and my supporter and my aide in this matter I feel afraid to go alone in the course of the Pharaoh because I killed one person from there أميل المؤمين on the day of the announcement of the announcement of disassociation what happened in the ninth year of Hijra Allah SWT revealed Surah Al-Bara'a to the Holy Prophet of Islam to the ninth Surah of the Quran and the only one that begins without رحمة الله when it was revealed the Holy Prophet of Islam interested it to a particular person and told him to go and recite these verses while that person was still on the way towards Makkah جبرايل came down and said يا رسول الله Allah SWT commands that either you go and recite it or somebody from you منكم goes to recite so the Holy Prophet of Islam to recite the Surah when I went to recite that Surah in Makkah there was not a single household from which I had not killed at least one person in Makkah there was not a single household from which I had not killed at least one person but yet I went there by myself I was all alone and I recited those verses saying Allah and His messenger disassociate with from you do baraa from you and give you this order that you have 4 months to leave this because this is only for for Muslims he says I did that and I was all alone therefore I am greater than Mousa AS because Mousa AS had killed one person and he said I won't go to the Pharaoh alone yet I had killed at least one person from every household in Makkah and yet I went all alone to make this announcement in any case the greater lesson and to summarize our discussion from this particularly important story is reliance in Allah SWT on the outcome of our affairs is to act in accordance with what is the right thing without any incentive of reward or punishment and most importantly to observe Hayat to observe the correct hijab to observe the right laws of the religion of Islam within our lives in order to receive spiritual elevation and also worldly benefit what Mousa AS has achieved as a benefit was not only prophet Hudbar also a worldly benefit as well in terms of employment in terms of getting married and that the lesson from Mousa AS story here and his action is that people come and say I am struggling to find a job I am struggling to get married but make sure you come back reflect on your own self and reflect on myself and find out whether I am observing the laws of Allah SWT in the correct way or not whether my actions are sincerely for Allah SWT and if they are not they are not that is why I need to rectify in order to make sure that Allah SWT helps me in this pathway in my life but the greatest and significant most significant event of relying on Allah SWT of doing action solely for Allah SWT and for observing the laws of Allah SWT and making sure those laws are not violated is what Mousa AS yesterday we mentioned that he said I don't want the city of my grandfather being violated with my blood when he arrives in Makkah he learns of the news is obviously he has come to Makkah his intent of coming to Makkah is to perform the Hajj but when he comes to Makkah and he learns of the news that Yazid is planning to send people in Ahram to kill him while in the precincts of the Haram the grandson of the Holy Prophet of Islam says I will abandon the Hajj but I will not let the Haram be violated by the shedding of my blood and I always say this that can you imagine if the grandson of the Holy Prophet of Islam had been killed in the precincts of the Haram what would have happened to the day of judgment people would have been saying to each other how can we go to the house of God when the grandson of the Prophet went there and he was not safe Allah SWT says whoever enters into this has become safe Allah SWT says I want to make sure that that stays true I have abandoned the Hajj somebody should have said شريعت came from your house who knows better than you that once you've put on the Haram for Hajj you can't leave but he say no I have abandoned this Hajj until the day of judgment Hajj might stay alive I have abandoned one Hajj to make sure that until the day of judgment people can still go to Hajj the knowledge and the safety that their lives will not be violated that they will not be killed that they will really have sanctuary in the house of God because Hussein AS saved that bloodshed from happening and instead he says that remember I will write the course of history in such a way in such a way that historians would be forced to relate my narrative and not the narrative that they want to relate what is my narrative is that I will choose the place where I am killed my narrative is that I will choose the time and the day that I am killed my narrative is that even though I will be killed in the desert my story of my killing will reach the furthest places in the world it's mentioned that when the first of Muharram would come محمد AS says about his father he says that my father would be in a changed state he would wear black clothes and he would not be seen smiling anymore until the 10th day would come where he would remove his amma he would be barefooted he would be bareheaded and he would be so distressed on the day of Ashura about the killing of his grandfather another narrative states that in Medina the people of Medina used to say we wouldn't sight the moon of Muharram instead we would just wait for the sound of wailing to come from the house of Imam Sadiq and we would know that this moon of Muharram had been sighted the sound of wailing and the sound of crying would come and we would know that the moon of Muharram has been sighted we would know that the red flag has come down and the black flag has been raised we would know that the season for morning has arrived we would know that the memory is going to be


U1SN-INP is a key regulator of mRNA biogenesis through its roles in splicing, and transcription and three-end processing. Here the authors show a tumor suppressor-like function of U1SN-INP using in vitro cell migration invasion assays and transcriptome profiling. This article was authored by Jungminito, Christopher C. Ventus, Chowdi, and others.


It's a unique hustle. It's your boy. He's CEO I'm with the lovely amazing official. Mr. Mako. What's going on? No, no, you know, my dad will go man I got this guy here today, man. He don't need no introduction. It's over. I want my introduction now We in LA y'all y'all hear him y'all hear him in the background, you know, he think he on stage Comedian run G is in the building. What's up, man? How you doing, man? I'm so good, bro Thank you for having me man. You wanted them guys man So cut comedy is something that we've kind of we've been kind of rocking with a lot of comedians, man Yeah, and and I seen you and like I say I seen you down in Houston, and I never was a good time I never thought I'd have been over here interviewing you and I didn't know you knew Kenyatta at the time Yeah, it's my dude, man Man probably like I think I've seen him around but him and our friendship got closer During a quarantine. Hmm. We each other in the in the rounds parking lot and just talking chop it up Really? Yeah, man I know when I was coming up here because we came we came and did the show here Six months ago. Mm-hmm. Then we did it before that. This is a third time here Third show we did only the third time interview. No interviewing. We've been to LA many times before Show we came here and shopping stuff like that. Yeah, but for from the podcast We've only been doing this podcast a year and a half now I didn't even know that because he sent me a clip and he's like a new podcast I was like cool. He's like check it out. And I saw you with a strong hairline. I'm like He was in the video smile Do he got explained I'm like, I'm rocking with you or whatever it is. Yeah, he's the same way with me He's bored everything I do. He definitely support everything you do because he told me he's like, yeah, man Run G my community run G your comedian man. Yeah, you come to him like really I said that's the same dude that Basically was he down in Houston? He's even country. Yeah, you know that guy. I said man That's crazy man cuz I just interviewed Mike bliss. I just interview Performing together my folks man. They hustles man. Mike is a hustler, bro How did you end up on even linking with country way? It's kind of funny I got a phone call from my homegirl Jenny Kim. She's an agent and she was like hey I just got the phone country way and I feel like y'all be a good fit and I was like I've seen them I see these videos and I heard of them, but like she was like, yeah, he doing some tour dates You want to do it? And so I did a couple days and like energy was dope like his his fan base is like amazing The people never touch your wing man. It's like it's like all my favorite aunties like just just good people man Yeah, and him and I hit it off man, and I just respect this hustle and I love the way you talk He got big talk Like that because everybody don't dream that big but he's a real big dream and I like and I was like Ooh, I like this so worked out and we did a couple days together man. It was fun Wow just watching his videos and computer people us regular folks You know watch these videos and get a perception of the person that they're watching. Yeah Does he line up with everything that you thought he would be absolutely? Absolutely because way to special I don't know people know that because you know as a comedian. We're purists We always like yeah, they be doing videos, but are they funny? You know I'm saying that's how comedians are with people who be doing social media Yeah, they they cool in line, but can he can he stand flat and do this crap for our man and watching Wayne perform and Wayne Is special because he surprised me because I always thought I always cuz that was our first time ever watching him on stage when we came to Houston and we watch him on On Instagram or YouTube all right, but then to seem in person. I just didn't know he was gonna be that fun And Wayne is the exception. Well, yeah, he's the exception. Yeah So so hot let's get Wayne got his shine our boss talk on a one today, but today we want to talk to comedian runjie Let's talk about let's talk about you How you got in the comedy how what part of la are you even from I'm from South Carolina?  I heard you My boy we interviewing this a couple of days don't don't master don't master. You don't know him Being in Vegas actually Like he they rock with him, so I thought you might know like 85 South people We all kind of in the same Success for you on the smaller the country yet correct But so South Carolina and that yeah The day I finished school I moved to Atlanta and I kind of figured my life out once I figured out I move here And then it's a good day.  You moved. Sorry after I finished college I lived in Marietta and I had a house in Roswell, but then like I said once I figured out why I'm on this planet I'm like, okay. I'm about to do this So were you always growing up?  I think I had it, but I know like I'm from the south like dreams went real Like where I'm from you do the formula to go to school you get a job you get married You make babies you retire you die. That's what I was taught You know I'm saying your parents were at the plant the entire life And I went to school man, and I had a job in Atlanta and I got fired I like I got fired from the first job I ever had and that was the moment like where you do everything right And then something go wrong. You like what's next? And so my cousin was a comic in Atlanta, Georgia Uh shot up to trade black. Um, he got on he uh used to host at a place called Uptown Comedy Club Sunday night was Apollo night room full of dope dealers and strippers and he was like Hey man, you should try going up and I was like, all right try to have one joke They booed me after the boo.  Oh, yeah Atlanta Atlanta ain't no pump. Yeah, you You wouldn't used to go to that. What's that? Atlanta comedy comedy theater. Yeah. Yeah What was the first um comedy club you went to what was the first one ever was uptown Uptown was the first time ever man But like I just fell in love like I don't know if you play sports If you ever get ducked on or ran over in football you got a decision to make You're gonna keep playing to figure it out or you're going to join the band? That's right And I treat comedy like that once I figured out. Okay, like I know I'm funny. I just got to figure out how to do it on stage And I used to watch people like shout out the rest in peace to Tyler Craig Tyler Craig was the og I'm watching him and a lot of other older cats man And I'm like, oh, I could do this you've got to have confidence and I figured it out Yeah, so you're the type of person that when you hear a no It does motivate you to keep going harder, don't it? Especially when I told you something Well, do I tell you something and you hear a no you're like, okay, no for you But your your experience ain't my experience and I'm gonna figure it out Wow, it's something you say I remember talking to Jordan Jackson and he was telling us how How country won't influence Him far as the god side of things of course being that he would I guess pray before the shows and all Like that's that's interesting to me like a lot of people Have don't don't do those things not open about them like Jesus is popping and stuff like that How much influence did I have on you even working with him? Did you even know he would I knew he was but I knew to what level sometimes you see people in a space and you like Oh, you ain't who you say you are but for him. He was legit like he was super dope And so for me I look at it like in this career Most people chase the dream, but they don't work on the stuff to help you sustain once you get to it I got it That's like connecting with God because God is like God give you joy when you do something for a living Like he'll give you the talent But if he don't give you the joy attached to it like That's why you like how you make all this money and doing drugs or how they do all this and they own drugs Like why they doing that? I'm like because you don't have the joy attached to it But when you chase God as much as you chase your talent, that's when God give you the peace it comes along with it and you can enjoy it. Wow What about those like I know what's that boy named? Chance to be recording them I think Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, what um what um have you ever thought about getting into the skits and doing the things I just guess I got my own life another thing about social media, which I think Wayne kind of perfected is is finding your lane in that Yes, like it's like I love comedy if you see me perform like I'm good. I'm great at what I do Of course I refine and define my voice so long where you like, okay, that's that's a run g-joke Social media the same way and people think you can just go on social media and just be funny You got to find your lane because people that do well on social media. They find a voice But how long did it take you to find it out? I found it during quarantine I had like 10,000 followers during quarantine and then now I'm like almost at 70 But I found my thing because I like I saw a bunch of people do side-by-side videos I don't like doing what everybody else do so I broke the third wall and I had a green screen So I do green screen all my videos and I'll be in the video with somebody so if somebody fighting I'll jump in and like fighting them too in the video It was crazy, but I'll make it look real.  Wow And it took off during quarantine. How hard is that to edit though? Uh, so in instagram they got something called reels and you it's a green screen option inside It is I never used it though, but I see it changed my life You went through everything and went through everything. That's crazy. Somebody follow up something I'm trying to catch them and miss them and they fall on the ground like but I'll make it look real I mean that's my own version of again finding my voice online But it took a while because part of it is doing something in our head. We like, oh, I'm you know social media I want to do it, but it got to be perfect.   Yeah, like watching cast like that work pay it off Yeah, like a deon cold deon cold been doing this for a long time been funny for a long time But watching him get his special and his special be special you like whoa like you just got to stay with it As my buddy Byron Bowers, man. He's another comic. I started out with Atlanta He said, you know la is the bread line. You stand in line long enough. You're gonna get your bread That's true. How hard is it for you? Come what I think about people are human beings in a whole We go through situations on a daily basis. We have our ups and downs You know, you at home fighting with your wife, you know having a bad day Whatever, but you got to go on stage and be funny for everybody else when you you don't even feel in the mood to be Right, how do you do that? So I feel like God kind of uh, I got groomed in the fire Meaning like I've dated girls who'd be like, I'm on my way to work. They were like, we need to talk I'm like, I'm about to go to work. They were like, we need to talk. I'm like, you gonna wait till I'm in route to work like you can wait till I get off to talk about this So I've dealt with so many of those girls when I met my wife My wife has to give me peace because I thought as a comedian if I have drama I always got something to talk about right But also the other side of that if you got peace you got more emotional space to write and actually have a good time So I don't I go to work stress free my wife. She she does. Wow We don't have them brams So how do you like like when you go into a crowd and when you go out and you dealing with these people man looking at these faces Uh dealing with different.  I'll be like, what the hell, you know, yeah, which I've done it. Of course, you know I've had to speak here recently all the time because of this mess looking at facial expression I look at anything. How do you try to how do you how did you Honestly man is mileage just like when I came in here. I said, bro, you make it look way too easy You've been doing it so long. You already charming offstage But the turn that mic on you and your element the more you do it That's why comedy people that's good at what they do. They make it look easy people like I can do that I can do a radio show. Yeah I the stuff y'all do I watch y'all in between like they think you can't do this. It's crazy I'm in comedy look easy because I'm great at what I do when you saw me in houston. Yeah, I'm a great host How do you go in? I want everybody to feel good.  That's what I do Man love what you do and you love what you do.   Hey y'all coming to the stage He started rubbing his beard. Hey y'all coming to the stage Ron G. He's your host y'all. All right now take care. Watch the skits I can tell what is about to happen too I said Mike once you go out and do these three jokes right here He'd be like, all right, man I'm gonna go out there then he started talking and flexing in his shirt and all the women like And then he started talking and that's it. And that's all he did. Hey coming to the stage y'all You love him. You gonna love him and he messed my intro up every time. I'm like, bro I don't know what you're doing right now. Let me ask you something man Because we had phase on love on the show and that's that's how Mike ended up getting almost a million views because phase on love said something about country wanes Comedy said that this is this happened on boss talk.  He says that that's some other shit them skits Like that's the all you know the new way of doing comedy But when he was challenging the fact he was saying he had residuals and all that Well, Mike hit us up. It was like, well, I want to come on and speak on that And basically phase on has no clue this yin and yang thing happened because phase on from a different world It's the older generation. You know In columbus shorty, yeah, columbus coming to date tomorrow. Okay These worlds that they're in are different from the world the country won't get it, bro So it's like how do you bridge this gap because both of them are dope and if they ever got it? Oh, they'll kill it too because it's right there for them is what if they could understand Because it's not as easy like you just say like what we do. It's hard. It's not easy And so i'm the generation in the middle. I'm the generation where Uh, if you did a late night performance, your life would change. Okay, you know what i'm saying? Like i'm a descendant of like if you do like, uh, what is it? Johnny Carson or like a letterman your life You can't just say that without saying arsineo haul arsineo, too I did arsineo I did i did arsineo when he came back. I did arsineo haul show But i'm on that generation But also something happened while my career was taken off. I did. Uh, I was a finalist on last comic standing I did a show called bill bellamy's who's got jokes Yeah, i remember tiffany hadish was on there little rail like all my my class is becoming superstars But social media happened after during that And it changed the It changed the playing field where you have cats who've been doing comedy for 10 plus years And you got people who would social media followers going in for the same auditions And for me, you know, I was one of the complainers like, ah, yeah, they doing videos But they can't do what we do, you know what i'm saying? But then after a while I was like, I can get either do that or get in the game So I pivoted and i'm like I do social media. I'm great at social media and i'm great at stand up So I don't want to be left behind you figured it's like blockbuster video. Yeah Everybody was going to have a blockbuster night But netflix came to blockbuster and it was like, no, we're not doing that and then they didn't pivot It's like cab drivers Cab drivers was doing what they're doing, but then uber came and now they're like now we not you know what i'm saying I don't know why i went the other day and I actually saw a cab and it blew my mind Like tax is still running right now. LA is not a thing, you know what i'm saying? But it's like that's what our world is you got to keep up if you don't like doing the podcast You i'm sure you dope it what you do outside this podcast But this gives you another platform it increases your merchandise and increase your visibility now you get speaking engagements But if you don't pivot when the moment happens You gonna miss out it's kind of like that's what 2020 was 2019 god was like do you have fun because it's about to run out 2020 came it was a great reset God gave us the receipts for all our choices If you wanted somebody just because they're cute now you're at home and you can't go to work You got to be like they cute, but I don't like them at all.  He said do this new thing people start investing starting their own business You know, there's no such thing as job security anymore So now you got a you got a pivot toward what god put into your heart and 2021 was like all right now This is what you need to do And if you don't you don't get left behind 2022 we watching a lot of people that didn't make it Wow, financially emotionally They didn't pivot spiritually right man. I'm they didn't pivot for me If you see me perform I do a lot of relationship stuff. That's my jam But when I got married Six months into my marriage everything shut down. So me and my wife sitting around the house. I'm like, okay We did five years of marriage in two summers You know saying I was like, you know what let's start doing this live this ig live So we did a couples game show on instagram live to meet other new cool couples then after that we had extra time We was done around 8 30. How did that go?  Most people like I ain't talking about that How does she feel about that? We she kept me honest, you know, I'm saying we talk about like like I battle depression being an entertainer We got highs and lows and you know the amount of nose I deal with being an actor a comedian and a black man Nobody can fathom that you have no clue and I would battle depression my wife african They don't have no reference point for that They just work through everything and she was like, I didn't know how to Comfort you while you were battling yourself But I you know started doing research and I leaned into it and we talked about it in a public setting And everybody was like yo, I love what y'all doing I ain't never seen somebody do that before because most entertainers they're gonna give you the highlights Oh, I'm doing this. I'm like, no, I ain't always good How did she comfort you because I you have a lot of people out here Who I've met some of these people who go through depression and their spouse cannot comfort them They're like, you know, I just want to be left alone But to me someone who or I deal with it on my own right, but then a person who's going through depression All he's going to do is make you go deeper and deeper in depression Right, you know, that's the trick of depression depression makes you want to isolate For me my love language is touch and I know my triggers my triggers is whenever I feel stuck whenever my head And my heart are in two different places. That's when I usually get depressed depressed You know I'm saying like if I have a vision like in my career, I've had moments where in my head I saw my career taken off but in my heart Or in my heart I saw it happening But in my head, nothing's happening Like god, have you forgotten about me and I would get depressed But I know that my wife in my space my love language is touch When she leans in it makes me feel loved and I'm reminded like none of this stuff matters anyway Because when you go on the ground you can't take your dream with you That's right Your legacy will live but like all the stuff you stressed about Once you're not in this body anymore, none of it matters Wow So you you talk from a place that you've been through a lot, you know, you can tell Yeah, because of the way that you speak it pretty much But but to have god as a foundation of it also comes out in what you say Because I'm I'm just checking out the moves, you know everything goes this way that way But it always come back to god, you know, you're gonna throw that in there, you know what I'm saying Oh, absolutely So that now I think that's dope man and to have a backbone, you know have somebody with you that that supports you That's a whole another level You know what I mean people don't realize how important that woman over there is to me You know what I'm saying been with me for 20 years had my bag if I do a podcast she do a podcast I do a store she do a store if I'm working on something she try to figure it out with me And that's you don't find that every day marriage is a cheat sheet to life Nobody tell you that that's real Most people tell you do it all by yourself iphone. I do this. I you know ipad like everything is like I Having somebody to go through this life with is the best feeling ever. Wow.  So What what's what's next for you? What do you want to get in the movies? Man, I got I'm a bro. You don't you didn't did your research. I got six movies coming out I got six movies coming out Six I got six I booked six movies this year. I got a movie coming out research.  I'm going off of kenyatta. What's the rate? No, I did I looked it up Hold on And hold on there. He is right here. He had it all pulled up. Well, why she's looking I got a movie coming out with tom brady. He has a movie coming out called 80 for brady Yeah, absolutely. Uh, he has a production company and he's in the film. I got another movie out with machine first movie, right? I think so he got another another one out with the machine gun. Kelly's right past it How did you get a movie with tom brady? I auditioned. I've been doing this for a while, bro How you find out about it, you know, I auditioned and they gave me a role But they was like we like you let's give you another role and they gave me a bigger role So I'm on number four on the call sheet with jane fonda Lily tomlin and rita moreno. These are like og Acting legends and I'm number four on the call sheet. How does that make you feel? It's happening. That's why I said it's the brain. That's crazy. You stand line long enough. It'll happen I got another movie coming out with machine gun. Kelly, which is a film on Like mental illness. It's super dope. It's an rt film. I'm in that as well and I got my own It's a independent film called terry that I did. It's about mental illness and about faith and being mad at god And it's a super dope film where my heart breaks on camera like literally you can't cheat this moment You see best man holiday when morris chestnut was crying for this It's that moment. I get it and I'm the lead like I get to have that moment Also, how hard is hold on how hard is it for you to tap in because that one should be easy because you went through depression And all of that so you tapped into you know, what you went through before How hard is it to tap into like get a certain role that especially something that you've never been through in your life Yeah, and then you have to tap into that character and portray that on film to make everybody who's watching believe What you're actually going through so It was actually tough It was tough and the fact that you as humans we don't realize we stop ourselves from feeling We all went through some trauma in our lives Especially being a person of color that we don't allow ourselves to feel what we're supposed to feel So we work through it. We keep smiling. We be sarcastic. We do whatever we do But we never let ourselves feel during that um film we was doing rehearsal and um The director she was like do this do this and I was reading my lines And I let myself feel what I was supposed to feel and I got depressed When I did it so I was driving home. I didn't know it. My wife was like, you okay? I said, yeah, I'm good She's like, no, you're not you're okay. And I went to the place I was supposed to go in the movie I did it in rehearsal and I didn't know how to get out of it I didn't know how to turn it off But then day of I had to find a happier way of getting to what I need example um Some people who don't know how to act they will go to let me imagine my mom dying I don't want to do that But if I imagine the person that I love the most seeing me perform, it'll take me somewhere and I'm like Oh, man, my granny like she didn't get a chance to see me perform She didn't see me graduate but watching my visualizing my granny and the audience watching me perform would make me cry It's a happier way of getting to what I need versus like but I like that I like that and thinking about something sad like I can't do that Even that yeah, and so um During that film I had to have I had to cry two days back to back So I went through like five different buckles of things I went through in my childhood And I had the chance to purge and get all that stuff on my therapist. Yeah, I do I was about to say for all of that you go neither. I did I did But I also went to happy places places that bring me joy through You know, it was tears through joy and when I was done. I felt empty. That's why I'm like I'm really proud of this project. We're gonna get get back into all the other Jobs that you have. Yeah coming out But what I do want to ask about because like recently I know will smith came out and said, you know, he apologized to chris rock Okay For me watching him. He looks so sincere. Yeah, but When you watch actors, yeah, and you're thinking well, they're an actor They can they can portray whatever like like he can come on there and pretend like he's sincere and make everybody believe that He's sincere, right? How can you How can you get out of that like People who find it hard As a person receiving whatever they're giving because then it is hard to believe an actor to me because you're so good at what you do Even in a relationship. Yeah, I'll tell you your wife But you know, you can be in a relationship with somebody and then you're in an argument And you say well, this is the truth. This is the truth. Ta-da, right? I don't believe you because you can lie You can busy connect How do you get out of that?  Wow. Yeah We're from the south too, man.  I got some of my family I can tell but I'm like when I'm around goodness I can tell so But if you ain't tapped in you'll never know. Yeah, you treat everybody the same top three artists I mean artists no top three comedians All time all time dead or alive dead or alive We got to do Richard Pryor. That's the default. Everybody's got to do default. I'm a go Man, I feel like Chappelle is a default too. You got to say Chappelle. Okay, I'm a go see. I'm gonna say Jamie Fox Man, I got more than five No, only three. I mean three. Sorry three. All right So the third I'm gonna have to say oh, you say that too. Okay, man Because it's either Kevin Hart or Sinbad You remind me of Kevin Hart when you started talking about the movie Yeah, I'm gonna say either Kevin Hart or Sinbad one or the other you pick man I'm gonna say more influential cheese because Kevin Hart gave me my last two gigs. All right, cool I'm telling you you remind me of Yeah, so I feel like how did that happen? He took the top off for comedy where there's no ceiling anymore That's right. That's why I said his impact on comedy will be felt forever.  He got like a vegan restaurant fast food restaurant opening up I'm like, nobody's ever done that with comedy. I think that's so dope. Um It's out of him or Sinbad. I don't know because Sinbad was like the first clean comedian ever So I saw my family watch an HBO special together like that in my head As a kid. I was like, yo, this is crazy. I who is this guy and how he changed comedy for me was special So I'm a I'm gonna just say Sinbad really Sinbad the og I'm gonna give his flowers And I say Jamie Foxx when I first saw I need security It changed my life I've never seen a comedian staying character that long to where people weren't laughing no more But he was still in character and for me. I'm like, I like this guy. Yeah, he's the guy to get chicks He remind me of myself and he's funny. Wow, you know I'm saying don't he changed it for me When is your first film coming out because you said all these six that you have coming out When is the first one set to come out? Uh, so we're doing a premiere for the uh short film terry and september They just emailed me today. We're gonna do a premiere for it. Uh, the talent brady thing I don't know and the good news. I don't know and la what keeps me Happy and not depressed is when I do stuff.  And then um the tv show i'm doing with mc light. I'm gonna tv show I'm on a tv show. Yeah, mc light. Oh, she's amazing. She's amazing because of the history man, she got a tv show called Uh partisan ron I play her brother on the tv show and we shot season two and it airs uh in the fall And i'm pretty excited about that too. It's on we tv and all black streaming service. So that's dope Yeah, it's happening dope man. Thank you so much, man How can people get a hold of you if they trying to link up with you? Uh, you can call me. I'm gonna be at the household Uh, please follow me comedian ron g comedian r o n g also. I'm at the world famous laugh factory every sunday at chocolate sunday's comedy show Um, again, I post all my dates on my instagram comedian r o n g I got some cool stuff happening too and you didn't mention i'm a emi winner as well I won an emi as well. He has you didn't bring that up. That's what it's all good So how did you end up winning an emi? Man, I took a gig. I didn't want to take it. I did this music festival and that was god Oh man, it was a music festival. I didn't want to do because the money wasn't right And one of the artists and the dj did not come out. So i'm hosting I went out not just I was performing I was giving it to him It was about a thousand black people in pasadena and I was giving it to him when it was over The producer showrunner from the cnn show was like hey, bro We got this show we trying to do on cnn and we looking for a young black boys who can uh go on Uh, the road with us and write for the the host. I'm like cool.  Every sunday at the world famous last Friday a venue. Uh, the show is called chocolate sundays It's like the biggest longest running comedy show in In the nation and uh, i'm the host Wow, yeah, we need to check that out this sunday. I'm there y'all should come I got you leave monday. Yeah, I got you. I got you come through It's a great time. Oh, yeah, I believe no, no, no, no It's almost like I can't explain it to you like the energy of the show. I can tell you when you hear you like oh You know what i'm saying? That's what sunday is. It's great We're gonna check that out day night pull up. Yeah, yeah, we are here. We just we outside Yeah, yeah, it's chilling. So whatever that fresh haircut you got man. Here we go I'll have to Danny Danny of that uh the spot.  He went his prayer closet and then cut your hair. He's like Man, he's gonna love this shot all right, man Because he'd be like man, I'm gonna start traveling with his birthday coming up too, man. Shout out that boy. Happy birthday, Danny Yeah, man. Thank you so much for coming on the show. We love you for having me, man. Appreciate you, bro Appreciate the love, man. Miss America. Check it out, man. Hey, man. We're a tall woman that Man, it's been another great segment of boss talk 101 where the bosses talk and we have man


Nothing to really take us through. Need to stop, tough shot, both ways, two physical teams. That's pretty much it. How does that play come together for your shot at the end of overtime there? It was a little different from some of the last second plays you've run very wide this year. Yeah, that was just random to play broke down. We ran in action, but Atlanta kind of blew it up. So I just made a play towards the ball. KP found me and then I got off a tough shot when I went in. What was supposed to happen on that play at Richmond? I was supposed to be like a rip screen, trying to see if we can get a layup towards the rim. But Atlanta's physicality kind of blew it up. So we weren't able to KP call it away further than he would have liked. So I just ran and tried to make a plan of all. Jaylin, what do you think I learned over the past two games? What has this taught you, this trip here? I think it's been good. I think one, give credit for Atlanta, but it's just like a playoff level of physicality. I think they benefited from the whistle. We would have liked to see some more consistency from it, but some days it's going to be like that, especially on the road in the playoffs. I feel like I got fouled, especially like going towards in the fourth quarter. And before overtime, that go ahead bucket, they let that go, but some days it's going to be consistent. Some days it's not. Still got to find ways to win and match the level of physicality. I think we did good for the most part outside of the glass. We had to get on the glass, fight on the glass. I got to do a better job of getting there and getting those rebounds. But give credit to Atlanta, they're tough. And when you get a whistle that swings your way, it makes you even tougher. So definitely some good information that we can learn from. Murray missed a ton of shots. He also made a ton of shots, but they got a ton of second chance points off those misses. How was it? Murray, tough player, a lot of respect.  But I felt like we guarded him pretty well. He made some tough ones. But we just got to get on the glass. That was the key to the game. Offensive glass, Capella was a beast down there. But we got to be, we got to up our level of physicality on the glass. We didn't do that. And that's why we lost. They've been trying to kind of relearn who they are with and try out. And it seems like this week, especially, they've really started to figure it out. And now you actually might see them in the first round again. So how are they starting to transform and what kind of tests are they bringing forward?  So they're trying to figure out their identity, trying to figure out the way they want to play and stuff like that. And I guess we'll wait and see if we match up with them in the playoffs, but we'll be ready. Like you said, it's a learning experience. Can what be?  I think we had, like, at one point, D-White, Mr. Floater, KP, kind of Mr. Layup at the rim. And then Drew, Mr. Elephant, Layup, all, like, back-to-back sequences was what open looks in the fourth quarter. And I thought those was great looks. They just didn't go down. And that kind of led to them feeling more comfortable, more confident. But I feel like we executed. I think we just got to be more physical and own our space a little bit more. But it's good information to learn from. Joe said a lot of those one-point games, final minute, just come down the shot making. You guys have four and eight in those spots this year. Is there anything else you can point to in those spots that you guys need to improve on before the playoffs as one-point games, final minute? I think just, like you said, execution, not settling. Sometimes I think we have settled or whatever. And we can get to the basket and things like that. But I think we'll be ready when it's time to come. We just got to make sure that we execute, we got our space in, and then we're not settling. You know, we're not leaving it to the officiator. You know, you get to your spot, go up and down and live with those results. Presented by your New England four-dealers, built for America, built Ford proud.


I'm Maurice and this is Andrew. We're both from Victoria University of Wellington. I'm here from the Waitiata Press. We had an idea for a project and Andrew is here from the team that was assigned to do it. For the press it all got real, got physical in 2016 with the handover of a ton of Chinese type, which had arrived brand new in New Zealand in 1952. The types used to be carefully organised for use. The pages for each month's issue were typeset, sent to the printers, used to print the journal, and then the pages were returned. And the individual sorts, the metal of the type, was carefully replaced in the correct tray back in that office that you saw. The goal is to re-establish a Chinese scholar studio. We asked the team to help by analysing imagery of the newspapers. We put the imagery itself in FigShare, an online digital repository for researchers. In a private collection each issue is a FigShare file set, a set of high-res tiffs, and now I can hand over to Andrew. Hey, so over the entire publication is about 2,800 pages. This is a large amount of data to process, as each one takes around seven minutes for a reasonable computer to process. This has meant it would take about two weeks to process the entire lot of newspapers. We decided to make a system that would run in parallel. We ended up using a framework called Spark, which is used to process big data. It uses a cluster with a head node and a number of worker nodes. And we set each worker node to process one issue at a time. We ran this on the cloud using Microsoft Azure. This was because it was easy to set up and we got free $300 each month, as were students. To process a page of the newspaper, there are a number of steps required. We had to find out where the characters were that were printed by the type. We had to turn those characters into machine-readable format, and we had to do frequency analysis to find out how many there were of each one. The first step, layout analysis, was not trivial. As the layout of each page of the newspaper changed a lot between the pages and between issues. The pages also contained sections of ads, which also contained Chinese characters that were not printed by the type, so we wanted to ignore them. We tried some pre-built solutions like Google's Tesseract Loud Analysis Component and OCR Opus, but these had very poor accuracy. The approach we finally settled on was we used a deep convolutional network that was based on the GoogleNet architecture. This was trained to classify which section of the newspaper the small samples were from. We could then run class activation mapping across the output from the entire page to get an idea of where the different sections of the newspaper were, and then these combined to look something like that. We can see that the output is pretty good at being able to recognise the different sizes of characters. However, it's not so great with the different fonts in the Chinese text and the ads. This is not a massive issue as the OCR solution can recognise that it doesn't find any Chinese characters here and ignore them. For the OCR component, we ended up using Google's Tesseract. We attempted to create our own one that would work specifically better for the Chinese language. However, we were only able to achieve around 50% accuracy across 13,000 characters that were generated from Unicode. We potentially could have got higher accuracy if we had known the exact characters that were in the newspaper. However, it would have been unlikely that we would have been able to get more accurate than Tesseract that got around 80% to 90%. From here, it was pretty easy just to count how many Unicode instances of the characters there were and put them into tables for each size. Thanks for listening. The students have really helped us to understand the complexity of the challenge we gave them. Now, here, as one example, is a page of a type catalogue from the foundry that made the type we have. The code the team wrote used knowledge of the fixed page format and then Tesseract OCR to get Unicode values. Here is a challenge that the team's character checker gave Yaowen. Two variants of a character do these match. The Taiwanese Ministry of Education Dictionary of Variant Forms documents the character for Zhong, a crowd as having historically had 40 variant forms. But how could Yaowen know if Unicode glyphs, Unicode code points exist for those 40 variant forms? This is the model the Unicode consortium uses for variant unification of Han ideographic characters. The model expresses written elements in terms of three primary attributes. Semantic, meaning or function, abstract shape, general form and actual shape, instantiated typeface form. We have many better ideas of the complexity in our work now and I've just shown you one. The students have prototyped an infrastructure for us to scale out and begin action research into big data analytic approaches to what we're doing. So it's thanks from me, Sydney and Yaowen, to Andrew, with Deakin, Enshi, Rachel, Tabitha and Thomas and to NDF. Thank you. It's been fun.


Good evening, Esperance.  Today's date is 23rd January 2024. Displayed here are the list of topics we are going to see today. Now, without wasting any time, let us get into the discussion. Look at this news article. It is about the construction of fourth desalination plant in Chennai. This new plant will have capacity to treat 400 minimal liquid discharge. If this construction gets completed, the desalination plant in Chennai becomes the largest desalination plant in Southeast Asia. So, this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, we shall see about the desalination process for our prelim section. See, desalination is a process of removing salts from water to produce water that meets the quality requirement of human uses. First, let us see some basic information about desalination. It is a process of producing drinking water from salt water. Desalination plants are facilities that remove salt from sea water or brackish water. This process has been practiced for centuries but it has become economically feasible in recent decades. Know that there are two main types of desalination process. They are thermal desalination and membrane desalination. Thermal desalination plants use the heat to evaporate sea water so that they leave behind the salt. In membrane desalination plants, they use semi-permeable membranes to filter the salt from sea water. As we know, the most commonly used technology for desalination plant is reverse osmosis. Now, we shall see this reverse osmosis process in detail. In simple terms, you can say reverse osmosis is a technology that is used to remove majority of contaminants from water. This is done by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. Now, how does reverse osmosis work? Look at the diagram here. It shows how this process works. Sea water or brackish water is pumped into high-pressure chamber. See, there is a semi-permeable membrane placed in the chamber. The high pressure is applied on the sea water and it forces water molecules to pass through the membrane. Thereby, the salt molecules are left behind. So, the filtered water is collected as freshwater. There are different types of reverse osmosis membranes that are used in desalination plant. The most common type of RO membrane is cellulose acetate and polyamide. The microscopic pores in the membranes allow only water molecules to pass through and not any impurities. So, this helps in producing clean drinking water. So, this is about the process of reverse osmosis. Now, let us see the general advantages of desalination plants. Firstly, it provides a reliable source of drinking water in the areas with limited freshwater resources. Secondly, they can be used to produce clean water for industrial and agricultural uses. Thirdly, they can help to improve public health by providing access to safe drinking water. So, this is important in areas where water-borne diseases are very common. Even though it has many advantages, there are still some concerns regarding desalination plants. First is, these desalination plants are very expensive to build and operate. Next, desalination plants use a lot of energy which can contribute to climate change. Since it is an energy-intensive process, the environmental impacts of desalination plants are very huge. See, the concentrated salt water which is called the brine water is a byproduct of desalination process. Releasing this brine water from desalination plants into water bodies is dangerous for marine ecosystem. It can change the salinity and oxygen levels of water which can kill marine life. The desalination process itself uses and produces a large number of chemicals like chlorine, carbon dioxide, hydrochloric acid etc. These chemicals can be harmful to the environment in high concentrations. So, these are some of the concerns regarding desalination plants. Overall, desalination is a valuable tool for providing access to drinking water and it helps to achieve the sustainable development goal 6 which is ensuring access to water and sanitation for all. So, this is all about the discussion. Now, let us move to the next topic. Look at this editorial article. As we all know, Union Government has announced a high level committee on one nation, one election. This is under the chairmanship of former President Ramnath Govind. The high level committee has met on three occasions to discuss this issue. Moreover, they sought the views of various national and state political parties So, this is the crux of the article given here. In our discussion, let us understand about one nation, one election, its advantages and challenges using our usual main sanser writing approach. Now, this is the question. The idea of one nation, one election has potential benefits and challenges associated with it. Analyze. So, the keyword is Analyze and there is a definite structure in the question. We have to list out the benefits of one nation, one election and the challenges regarding it. So, we can divide the body part of the answer into two halves. In the first half, we can explain about the benefits of this one nation, one election. And in the second half, we can mention the challenges. So, this question can be asked in G.S. Pepper 2 under the syllabus, Functions and Responsibilities of Union and States. Now, let us start with the introduction. Simultaneous election is an idea of holding elections to Lok Sabha state legislative assemblies at same time. That is, once in five years. The central aim of this idea is to minimize the frequency of elections and reducing the cost of it. Know that the practice of simultaneous elections is not a new phenomena. In fact, it was common until 1967. Since then, it was disrupted due to various factors like dismissal of elections, defections, etc. Moreover, a high-level committee headed by our former president Ramnath Govind is appointed to inquire about it. Now, let us see the body part of the answer. Starting with the benefits of simultaneous election. Firstly, it reduces the massive expenditure in the conduct of elections. See, as we all know that elections in India is a costly exercise. It needs a huge amount of money. This cost of election will be substantially lowered with the simultaneous elections. Moreover, the same electoral roles can be utilized for all elections. Thereby, we can save time and resources for the state. Secondly, the simultaneous elections ensure effective governance in the country. Currently, the elections are recurrent in the country at least every three months. This leads to frequent imposition of model code of contact. So, it puts hold on the entire development programs and activities of union and state governments. Moreover, under a political pressure to win the elections, the focus of every national leader from prime minister to local panjayat members will be focused on elections, thus neglecting the governance. Also, in the pressure of winning elections, parties often lure voters by considering popular demands without any consideration to public interest. For example, political parties compete in promising individual benefits like social welfare pensions, loan waivers, free housing, food subsidy, free electricity, etc. These practices will be reduced substantially if simultaneous elections were brought in. Thirdly, the issue of prolonged deployment of security personnel will be solved. About two to five state assemblies go to polls in every six month period. This leads to locking of central armed police forces and state police forces for prolonged period. The simultaneous elections will lead to effective utilization of human resources of the country. Fourthly, one nation-one election will reduce the political polarization. See, frequent elections can increase the political polarization and identity-based politics. This can lead to hate crimes across the society. So, the simultaneous elections will give no election pressure for five years. This will encourage political parties to focus on broader national and state level issues. Finally, one nation-one election will enhance voter participation. The simultaneous elections will encourage high voter participation as citizens have to cast their votes only once in five year period. Moreover, it will be helpful for migrant workers who works at various parts of the country to cast their votes and participate in the electoral democracy. So, these are the important benefits of one nation-one election idea. Now, let us see the challenges associated with conducting simultaneous elections. Firstly, constitutional challenge. Simultaneous elections require an amendment in various articles of constitution like article 83, 85, 172, 174 etc. Thus, it will need a constitutional amendment with 50% ratification of states. So, this is going to be a challenge to central government. Secondly, achieving a synchronization with various state assemblies is difficult. Know that the terms of different state governments vary with the term of Lok Sabha. So, to conduct simultaneous election, the center will have to make an agreement with the states to either curtail the terms of their houses or to extend them. So, this curtailment of their term or extension is a major challenge. Thirdly, there will be logistical challenge. See, according to a report by Election Commission, for simultaneous elections in 2024, an additional 11.49 lakh control units and 15 lakh ballot units, 12 lakh VVPAD machines will be needed. So, this will be a major logistical challenge for Election Commission. Fourthly, it will have a negative impact for voting pattern of the country. Assume when election is held at national level, the national level issues will overshadow regional aspirations. So finally, it may lead to risk of one party system in the country. See, the synchronization of elections might lead to dominant one party system. It means the party winning the national elections may also win the state elections. So, this will impact the small parties and state parties. So, these are the major challenges associated with one nation, one election. So, this is our body part of the answer. Now, moving on to the conclusion. See, the implementation of simultaneous elections require both legal and social consensus. These kinds of moves should be approached with caution and transparency. We should not allow gains of efficiency to compromise the essential democratic principles. So, a gradual, well thought approach with the involvement of all stakeholders is essential to successfully implement this idea of one nation, one election. So, this is all regarding this discussion. Now, let us move to the next topic. Look at this news article. It talks about a recent incident where poachers have killed an adult female rhino and stolen its horn. The body of the rhino was found in Kasi Ranga National Park. This incident has raised concerns because it is the first time happening in past one year because last year many conservation efforts were taken to prohibit the poaching practice. But the revival of this practice has created concerns regarding the conservation of rhinos. So, in this context, let us quickly go through rhinos in our prelims exam perspective. Greater one-horned rhino is among the five different species of rhino. The other four species are Sumatran rhino, Javan rhino, Black rhino, and White rhino. Among these species, only three species of rhino are found in Asia. That is, Greater one-horned rhino, Javan rhino, and Sumatran rhino are found in Asia. The Black rhino and White rhino are found in Africa. And only the Greater one-horned rhino is found in India. So, it is also called Indian rhino. And it is the largest of rhino species. The Greater one-horned rhino lives in northeastern India, southern Nepal, where they inhibit the grass lands and adjacent woodlands. In India, rhino is mainly found in Assam, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. Know that Greater one-horned rhino are herbivores. They feed on the plants and pasture land. The gestation period of rhino is approximately 15 to 16 months. And these rhinos usually enjoy being alone, except for females with younger ones. Now, talking about their conservation status, the Greater one-horned rhino is listed as vulnerable in IUCN Red List. And it is also protected under Appendix 1 of Sites Convention. In India, the Greater one-horned rhino is protected under Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Now, coming to the threads faced by them, the fragmentation, loss of habitat poaching for their horn, illegal hunting, trading, and sometimes floods and human-animal conflict are some of the important threads faced by Greater one-horned rhino. After strict protection and management measures, the Greater one-horned rhino was brought back from the extinction. However, only less than 2,000 individuals remain in the wild. And mostly, they are found in Kasiranga National Park in Assam and Chitwan National Park in Nepal. Also know that in India, rhinos are mainly found in Kasiranga National Park, Pobithura Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Manas National Park. All these are in Assam and Jaldapura National Park, Garumura National Park. These two are in West Bengal and Doodua Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh. So, these are the important protected areas where we can see rhinos. So, this is all about the discussion. Now, let us move to the next topic. Look at this news article. Tamil Nadu Government survey shows that 38% of Pallikaranai Marshland is under legal and illegal occupation. The occupants include both government departments like Railways, Elkhart and private players. So, the article highlights that the Pallikaranai Marshland is occupied. So, this is the crux of the news article. In our analysis, let us see about the importance of wetland and various steps to conserve it. Firstly, what is wetland? See, wetlands are areas of marsh or peatland with water as major limiting factor. This water can be static or flowing freshwater or brackish water or even saline water. Know that it also includes an area of marine water where the depth of low tide does not exceed 6 meters. In India, there are more than 7 lakh wetlands. This will cover 4.86% of India's geographic area. Now, let us understand the importance of wetlands. Firstly, wetlands are major source of water for many people, especially in urban areas. They play a double role of preventing droughts and floods. So, how this happens? Let me explain it. See, wetlands acts as a sponge and ensures moisture in the soil. It also absorbs excess rainfall and prevents the flood in the city. For example, the areas sheltered by mangroves experienced less damage during the tsunami of 2004. Thus, we can say that mangroves will reduce the impact of disasters. Secondly, they act as excellent carbon sink. Various studies show that peatlands can store twice the amount of carbon which is stored by world's forest. Thirdly, wetlands play an important role in coastal economy. Know that two-third of the fish are obtained from coastal wetlands and three-fourth of the rice production takes place in wetlands. Thus, wetlands ensure the food security and income security. Fourthly, wetlands are rich in floral and faunal diversity. So, it acts as an important site for conserving ecosystem and biodiversity. Now, let us see the steps taken to conserve the wetlands. Firstly, National Wetlands Conservation Program. It was implemented since 1985 under the program 115 wetlands have been identified by Ministry of Environment for Conservation and Management. The criteria for identification of wetlands under this program is similar to RAHMS or Convention on Wetlands. Secondly, wetland conservation and management rules of 2017. It aims to conserve aquatic ecosystems through various conservation plants. Know that these rules have decentralized conservation by delegating to states the power to identify wetlands. Then, the recent schemes are Mishti scheme, Amrit Darohar scheme, Mangru initiative for shoreline habitats and tangible incomes which is shortly called Mishti scheme. Under this scheme, Mandrega and Kampa funds will be used to achieve two objectives, providing gainful employment to the people, increasing the mangrove plantations in the country along the coastlines. Amrit Darohar scheme is a joint initiative of Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Enrollment. It was launched to promote unique conservation values of RAHMS or sites and it also aims to generate employment opportunities and supporting local livelihoods around the wetlands. So, these are the important conservation measures taken to protect the wetlands. With this, let us conclude the discussion and move to the next topic. Take a look at this news article following the consecration of RAHMS in Ayodhya, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the launch of Pradhan Mantri Suryodhya Yojana. The scheme has aimed to install rooftop solar panels on one crore households in India. This is to reduce the electricity bills for the poor and middle class and make the country self-reliant in energy. So, this is the crux of the article given here. In this context, let us understand the important schemes related to solar energy. Firstly, Government of India has established 19,500 core protection-linked incentive scheme. This is done on national program on high efficiency solar PV modules. Secondly, Kishan Urja Suraksha which is shortly called as PM Kusum scheme. The scheme was launched by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and its purpose is to support installation of off-grid solar pumps in rural areas and to reduce the dependence on grid and in-grid connected areas. So, the scheme will be active until 2026. Next is Sustainable Root of Implementation for Solar Transfiguration of India which is shortly called as Srishti scheme. The main aim of the scheme is to generate 40 GW of power from solar rooftops till the financial year 2024. Finally, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing new solar power scheme which is for particularly vulnerable tribal groups and this is done under Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Aviyan which is shortly called as Pradhan Mantri Janman Yojana and this is planned for 2023 to 2026. This scheme aims for electrification of 1 lakh unelectrified households in particularly vulnerable tribal areas which is located in 18 states and this is done through off-grid solar power. So, these are the important steps taken by Indian government to adopt solar energy and to make the country self-reliant in energy sector. Now, we have come to the prelims practice question discussion. Look at the first question, it is about wetlands. If rain forest and tropical forest are the lungs of earth then surely wetlands function as its kidneys. Which of the following functions of wetlands best reflect the above statement? So, this is a previous year question. The correct answer is option D. Aquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients. So, they function as the kidneys of earth. Now, moving on to the second question which national park in India is known for having largest population of greater 1-hawn rhinoceros and it is a UNESCO world heritage site. The answer is option A. Kasi Ranga National Park. Now, look at the third question. The most commonly used technology in desalination plan is a process of reverse osmosis. Yes, this statement is correct. In reverse osmosis, external pressure is applied to push solvents from area of high solute concentration to area of low solute concentration through a membrane. Yes, this statement is also correct. In India, desalination plans have been installed in all coastal areas. This statement is incorrect. So, the correct answer is option B, only two. So, we have come to the end of the discussion. If you like the video, please share it with your friends and don't forget to subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you.


All right, so where does division fit into the order of operations? Well, again, the fundamental rule of order of operations, all operations go from left to right unless there's a grouping symbol or we have an operation with higher precedence. Again, addition and subtraction have equal precedence, neither is done before the other. The default left to right then applies. Division has a higher precedence, so it gets done before addition and subtraction. Division and multiplication also have the same precedence. So if I have a division and I have a multiplication, I don't have higher precedence, and if I don't have a grouping symbol, my default left to right procedure is going to be what holds. So, for example, let's try and place parentheses to make this statement that involves division, multiplication, addition, and subtraction. We want to make that true. And again, identify the type of expression. The last thing we do is going to be the type of expression that we have. So again, maybe there are no parentheses, so let's evaluate that. So let's see I have division, I have multiplication. So if there are no parentheses, I do those things first and from left to right, so the division is first, that's six, then my multiplication, one times four, that's four. I have addition and subtraction. I'm going to do those left to right, so I do four plus six first, then I subtract, I get six, which is not what I want. So the statement isn't true, so I need to throw in some parentheses. And I'll try out various combinations. So maybe the four plus 12 is in parentheses, so parentheses take highest priority, stuff inside parentheses gets done first. I have division and multiplication. They're equi-precedents, so I'm going to take care of those left to right and still not true. So where else can I place parentheses? Well, maybe I'll throw them around the two minus one. So again, parentheses do this first, and so parentheses two minus one is one, and here I have multiplication and division. They have equal precedents, so I'm going to work these from left to right. I do divide by one, then times four. Divide by one, times four. Finally, I add, and still not what I want. Well, let's say two sets of parentheses, four plus 12, divide by two minus one times four. So I'll try it out. Four plus 12, parentheses say do things first. That's 16, that's one. And again, division followed by multiplication. They have equal precedents, so I'm going to go from left to right. And still not what I want. Well, here's another possibility we haven't tried before. Maybe our parentheses are inside parentheses. So here's what we call nested parentheses, and that is certainly a possibility. So reading this, parentheses say do stuff inside first. Well, inside there's another set of parentheses, so do stuff inside first. So that two minus one has to be done first, then times four is inside parentheses, so I have to do that first, and then divide and plus divide has higher precedents. Four plus three is seven, and that finally works. And again, the last thing I did was add, so this expression is a sum.