Now let's get into my favorite part of the show. Little Q and A. We were this banner. All right. Bickey reminds me, not financial legal or tax advice. The channel's room time for zoning. Dan is not an expert, obviously, or a financial planner. These are just my opinions. That's it. What else do we go? Randy goes long Luna. Yeah, Rand lost a lot of money on Luna, but we all lost the money, right? Let's see. Wait, what? Yes. No, no, no.  James is doing on this channel. And same format. Remember, it's not good to get all your information from one person. I know I'm not the only person you guys watch. Obviously, you got to get a lot of information to, you know, to form out your financial opinions about what you want to do. So that's it. Rob is hunting Alex, not anybody. You got too much stuff to do. And Corey, what's up with the wrenches? I'm busy. Yeah, we're looking to sell one of our condos right now, as a matter of fact. So a lot of things are going on with that. Let's see. Ripple case. Yeah, Neil's got a good point. Ripple case is supposed to be done a year ago. It just didn't work out. That's how it goes. Oh no. Toby says, next I'll just announce pulling out of the US. Hope everything's solvent. That's all I can say. I mean, when Black Friday went down, people were saying, next I was next, but who knows? I don't know. Cryptohead says, news is designed to shake you out or get you to FOMO in. That's a pretty good point in all honesty. I mean, mostly on the mainstream, the lamestream media will do that and that's about it. So like this channel, I just kind of give you like both sides of the same story, you know, and just kind of give you the data as best I can to go from there. I just, like I don't think that the bottom's in, but I could be wrong.  So I just play it safe. And that's what's really helped me out throughout time is to play it safe. Like if I had bought a property, say on some shaky ground, maybe I'd want to sell that property because I don't want to get sued. Stuff like that. And that's it. Light. Sebastian says the Santa Raleigh gonna bite his heart in 2023. That's a good point actually. The Santa Raleigh, which I think is could potentially come in December is where people are gonna be like, see Rob that video sucked. And now here we go forever. Maybe I don't think we're gonna keep going up, but rallies are confusing. To me, the rallies are great. Cause I'm like, well, I'll just kind of take a little bit of profits here and sit on some cash cause I know it's gonna go down again. It's very simple. I don't think that we're gonna have a Santa Raleigh and it just keeps going up. Like we're gonna see like Bitcoin at 25,000 on Christmas around that time. And then it goes to 30,000 in January and 32,000 in February or whatever. I don't think it just gonna keep going up. I think we'll come down if history repeats itself. Simon's great. I think you're talking about Simon Dixon. Oh, Simon, you, sorry. Simon's great. He looks like he's about 12 years old, it's crazy, right? Simon, you was 53 years old. I'm just kidding. He's a young guy. Ah, good question. Julian says, hey, Raleigh, the curiosity is there a difference between Dnews One and Dnews Two forked down on staking? I've been staking on Dnews Two since the creation was when I, nope, there's absolutely no difference. It's run by the same team, which is us. I don't do it, I'm not the technical guy, but I have a team that does it and they're doing a bang up job. I think we're almost a hundred percent of time for Dnews Two and Dnews One. The only reason we did that is because we thought that there was going to be a saturation point and we didn't. So like really both of our pools doesn't even equal one full pool, which is great. Nick says, hey, Rob, we've been to the Lab Pack three in old San Juan. I don't know if I have, I've been down there a lot. So I'm not for sure. I don't know. Tell me what it does, Nick. Or what's there? When I hear someone say, what I can think of is Georgian crypto or cryptos are us who says everything is fine.  Because if it's not FUD, then you can disprove it, right? So why wouldn't we bring it up that Binance is gonna collapse tomorrow? Not that I am or not that it is. Well, let's just say that I heard that because there's a solvency issue. Wouldn't I wanna bring that to somebody's attention such as yourself who may have some crypto on that exchange so you can flesh it out and decide if that's right for you? And the problem is too many people were too scared, myself included, of saying, of reporting on inaccuracies and waiting a little bit too long for perfection. Unfortunately, I think I'm gonna air on the side of caution from now on. Yeah, I like George too. I like George's channel. I watch it every so often, but he's a little bit too positive about the space. Well, I think the reason why George is positive, which, and you have to be, I have to be honest with you. I know like I come across as bearish, but I'm very positive about the space in the long run. I think George is just, he puts it out there now because he just kind of sees it as like, we're already in 2025. So there's nothing wrong with that. It's just that, and I think we all try to say the same thing, which is, don't expect to be the dogecoin millionaire tomorrow. It's not gonna happen. Rob, your connection bad, my connection is bad. We have problems here in Puerto Rico. One of those is electricity. So sometimes my electricity goes out for a second. I'm just a little bit fixated. Yeah, it'll come back. Don't you worry. And if I'm fixated, it's okay. You can still hear me. That's what's important. Ah, hey Rob, what's your opinion and chain link stanking? Staking. First of all, let me see here. Is that an offering that we have right now? That'd be a big question. Are they going to offer that? Let's see. Move you all out. I am on a great website that you guys can all check out. It's called stakingrewards.com. What's beautiful about it? It tells you the rewards and the adjusted reward. What's an adjusted reward? Adjusted reward is what you get after inflation. So you can see right here. Can I not do it so good at inflation? Jerry Hall says, hi. All right. Solana, 7% at 1.59. 3.6, 3.66 for Binance Chain. Interesting. Polka dots. So chain link, I don't believe is offering, but they will be offering staking at some point. That'd be great because I have a lot of chain link. I'd love to stake it. That'd be fantastic. So yeah, so check out that website, stakingrewards.com. Pretty great. Let's see. When I want to get a reality check, I listen to Ben. No, I don't, I'm still looking into it though. What's your take on theta? I still own theta. I think it's going to be big. It just launched, I think it was our 4.0 mainnet launch or something like that. And I still have held on to it. Now I sold during the bull market, because like I told you I would, this didn't sell everything because I don't think we should sell everything. I think there's a little bit more juice in every, in some projects, we'll say. Star link, no, that stuff's expensive. What's a lot of chain link? A good amount. Old Bear's a new member. Congratulations. When jarky, that's not a good question. No, that's a good point. Dr. Payne says, adjusting as a witness, leading both Kodano Bitcoin are inflating for now. But the max is fixed versus ETH, which does not have a max. That's true, but it is a pretty impressive that they are burning. And I'm not going to stake my Ethereum. I just don't want to do that. This is a website called ultrasound.money. And you can see right here, the fees, here's the ETH supply, 200 a year projection. Wow, it's in 2023, it's supposed to go up. No, December 2022. And right here, it's supposed to go down because of, where's that metric? Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. So right around here, it was actually deflationary, ETH supply. And this is when we went to proof of work to prove a stake, November 8th, roughly, right? Or a little bit, obviously, before that. So we were deflationary at this point. Now, of course, it's come up and then you don't hear too much about this from the ETH maxes, but now it's up a little bit. However, I will say this. So it's plus 0.001 to 5.7%, not bad. But if they would have kept on with proof of work, which some people said they should have because now they're looking at being a security, you would have seen that, shoo, it would have been a little bit more. No, it should have been a lot more. Ah, here we go. So the supply chains is 963,000, assuming proof of work. Sorry. This is the proof of work. You would have 963,000 supply change as opposed to for proof of stake, only plus 2,000. So again, here we are. So yeah, I give them, I tip my hat to them, looks like it's gonna be a good thing, but they open themselves up for litigation with the SEC. But that's what they had to do. So I'll take that. All right. Jeyon Chaus says, I think December 2023 will be the end of the bear market. I can see that. No historical data will ever beat against the Fed. Fed always wins. As long as the Fed hikes interest of 5.5%, nothing changes until stock crypto breaks. And remember, the Fed every time has had to raise those rates to fight inflation to that level of inflation. So five to 5.5%, let's hope that is the last one, but I don't think it is. And here's another thing. A lot of people say, well, they're gonna slow down in December, which they said they're gonna do. But to me, I'm just like, great. Jeyon is gonna keep raising just a little bit, a little bit, a little bit for all the way to 2023. And again, it is weird timing. It is weird timing for this type.  And we can see it right here. You know, the four year cycles, and these might not hold up, but they've held up so far. Anyhow, having all-time high dip reset, right? All-time high was 2013. Next all-time high was 2017. But the next year, you had a dip and a big dump for the next year after that in 2019. And the same thing is holding true right now. So let's just say that we get, the Fed keeps their rates up. Like, just like the St. Louis Fed head said, we're gonna keep our rates. I like that. The picture is like this. We're gonna keep these rates stretching in 2024. That's not good. I think we'll probably stay there all during 2023 and in 2024. How bad is that? So let's say they do 2023. We hit a recession, place starts going down. And at some point in 2024, they go, okay, fine. You know, we're gonna pivot a little bit. We're gonna take our foot off the gas. And guess what happens in 2024? A bit coin-having. And guess what usually happens after that? An all-time high. Does that mean we're definitely gonna get it? No, but let's just say, and just like the examples we took a look at, let's just say that we don't get all-time highs. But we're able just to accumulate down here. Again, this is 2015, isn't it? You can get Bitcoin 265, and then just keep going and going. Then sell around 659. But the key is, the key to all this, everything that we're talking about, is that, how do I say this? Let's try another white way to say it. I'll say it.  You got to hold on forever because this is going to a million. And it's gonna happen. And that's not what I'm gonna do and not what I ever have done. I just don't get the point, right? So if I had not sold, I couldn't have bought other assets, like pouring to my Amazon business or pouring to the sports facility or buy properties. It just wouldn't have worked. I would have watched everything go up and then, you know, crash down Bitcoin 72% and all its crash over 90%. Where's the fun in that? So, I don't know. Even if it doesn't work out and we can keep accumulating, at some point, bear markets don't last forever. No, do bull markets. Just we have to act at the right time. Beardy's here with his big, huge stash of Eos. They're on Wilkes. Rob, if we could pitch later 10K or under, will you be tempted to get some of your real estate money to take advantage of that or you'd rather wait for cheaper real estate? Great question. So the bigger upside is crypto. It always will be. Not always will be. I can't say that. As time goes on, it might be a bigger upside. However, there's the safer bets, which is real estate because also it's a great tax incentives. It's a thing called depreciation. Works like a charm. And of course, you can put them very easy in the trust and they pass off to the kids and da-da-da. So for this one, we try to keep everything separate. The real estate accounts with the sports facility account with the Amazon business and then with crypto. So for me, I wouldn't flow other funds to do just crypto or just a real estate. That's why we're looking to sell a property right now because if you take a look at nationwide, there's a lot of places that are hurting as far as real estate goes. But this is some places that are just still at all time highs and people are buying like crazy. Austin, Texas is being one of them. And Puerto Rico, for whatever reason, is still holding up quite well. So here we go. So to answer your question, I will be tempted but I will not do it. I will stick with my plan. And my plan was created when I had a level head, not when I see all these prices going crazy. Rob, if you got in 2021 and your portfolio is down 75%, would you still consider it taking profits? No, you take a look at it, this. Let's say that you bought, that's the great thing about dollar cost averaging. Your cost basis goes down as you keep buying. So let's just say that you bought Bitcoin at 1,000. Now that's a bad example. 2021, you probably bought it at around, hopefully 10 grand. Let me see, am I right here? No, I was in a close. Yeah, you didn't buy it. Let's say that you bought it at 30,000, let's just go with that. You bought at 30,000, you bought at 40,000, then you bought it at 50,000, you stopped. You didn't sell anything, right? Well now, now that it's 17,000 or something like that, if you keep buying this and then as it goes down the dip, and of course your cost basis goes down to maybe, instead of being in that 40,000 range, maybe now you're below 30,000. Maybe you're at 26,000, just depending on how much you put into. So for me, you could sell some, but you have to take a look at your cost basis and go, where is my cost basis? How much did I pay for everything? And am I out of the money or am I in the money? Also the thing you have to think about is this, tax loss harvesting. So we're getting to the end of the year, folks. So if you were thinking to yourself like, maybe I should sell some and then take those losses and then you'd buy it right back, which is exactly what I did with XRP. I sold all that stuff. I sold all the XRP I could, whenever that SEC case has been so long. But then the great thing is that you get to buy it right back. That is called wash trading in traditional securities. And that is illegal. However, nobody knows what this is. No one can say it's a commodity or a security or a currency. So yeah, no rules. And you can do that in the United States. I don't know where else you are. So that's what I did. And I locked in those losses, bought some XRP back, now here we are. So that's what you got to consider. And there's an app you can use. I don't have a link for it. I don't have an affiliate link. You have to find it. It's called Delta. And Delta, you can use an API integration and you can see your cost basis for all the creepers that you buy. So it'll tell you, hey, look, genius, you're up 10% on Bitcoin. That's all I'll say. It's not gonna tell you to sell or not, but you can look at that and go, hey, I'm 10% percent. Maybe I want to take some profits at 5%. I don't know. Maybe I don't want to because I don't know.  I'm just kidding. I don't know what it is, whatever your point is. So just use the technology around you. Green says, Rob, you see yourself getting completely out of crypto? No, I don't think, and even in my last exit strategy, which if you look, there's a link in the description. Looks like this. Scroll down to strategies. Here's my DGen plays. Here's all my crypto exits when I did in 2021. And here's my next crypto exit philosophy. But if you take a look here, let me show you. You'll notice that on these charts, it'll say I'm selling 80%. It's an 80-20 exit strategy, meaning I sell 80% I keep 20. Bitcoin actually was a little bit different. 80-20 Bitcoin strategy was 50% hold and 50% sell. I will be changed that to 80-20 again and go from there. So even if I keep 20% of my Bitcoin, let's just say for giggles that the world reserve is now Bitcoin, guess what? 20% of my Bitcoin will trump most millionaires and billionaires out there of what they actually possess and hold guaranteed. So I'll be okay with selling 80% and maybe it goes up or down. So no, it answer your question, not out of crypto completely. However, out of the YouTube game, probably at some point I will step down and recommend some great people to watch and get out of it. It's fun. It's good times, but you have to think about it. At some point just say, yeah, it's time to move on. That's it. Of course, of course I read articles about people saying the same thing they never do. I have a massive stash of tomato. Beardy says I'm a Zillik a man now and VeChain Maxi. Well, I've heard some good things. I don't know. I don't commingle my funds. I don't know why this is so difficult. If I can figure it out and I'm not, Gary's trying to shut me down yet again. Average is down. Yes, exactly. TR, I will give you a wrench the next time I see you. Guaranteed. Rather, we're gonna have to stop this stream pretty soon. I'm getting a lot of cutouts. Sorry. You should get Victron Energy as a chance. That's a great idea, Bikki. Why don't I do that? Fantastic. I should also get Starlink as a sponsor. That'd be perfect. CryptoGolf has got a good point. It's better wash trade this year. First of all, it's tax loss harvesting, first and foremost. Then when you buy it back, then it's wash trading before they close that loophole. It's a good point. It's a great point, actually. Oh, also, I did partner up with Coinledger. And they're a tax software. And I'm gonna get their crypto CPAs to come on the show and answer all your questions. So, questions that I get a lot of is, hey, I lost all my crypto in Celsius Voyage or FTX, BlockFi, take your pick. What do I do with that? Or, hey, I want to sell a bunch of crypto at the end of the year. How does that work? Or, hey, I got a bunch of rewards from staking. How do I quantify that? How do I put them in taxes? So, I'll have them here. You can answer all. They'll answer all your questions and we'll just do a big event. We'll do a couple of them just to make sure everybody gets it.  Let's see. Oh, Dr. Payne. But if you had a big gain early in the year, you can wipe it out by selling and repurchasing. Interesting, interesting. Hello, Mad Cal, thanks for stopping by. Always here, appreciate you. I appreciate everybody who stops by. It's very nice. Yeah, CBDCs, the normal city you provide is desperately needed in the YouTube space. There's a lot of sensationalism. I'm quite boring. That's usually how you make it, though. You're quite boring. Have you ever heard Warren Buffett give an interview? I thought I'd compare myself to Warren Buffett, but as far as like energy level, it's about the same. It's super boring. But I've been doing pretty well for quite some time. Let's see. Carrier tech, ah, FTX. And I hope you understand, I'm not gonna cover the FTX story because it doesn't do much for us. Let's see. I gotta pay my bills. That's true. Electricity bills, water bills. What? Two years. TR just come back. Yeah, I just gotta run a wire. That's all it is. Yeah, I used Ten Ledger myself. Works great. I'm gonna see. Pumped Up Gaming says I was just able to get up to a quarter of Bitcoin, about 60% of my portfolio. What do you think is a needed amount of Bitcoin? I think you're there. I think anything above 0.10 is pretty good, especially as time goes on. So yeah, I think that's fine. But I gotta tell you, I think if this, you know, there's more pain to come, but I don't. And if you bought Bitcoin at 17K, and it goes down to 10K, if you didn't dump everything into it, wouldn't it be just like, well, I bought it up there a little bit too high, but 10K is all right. Buy a little bit and then wait for a couple of years. Ah, I guess so. Here's a good question. Well, there's two questions. What's the price of electricity in Puerto Rico? So in Texas, it's like 13 cents per kilowatt hour in Florida or California. You know, Hawaii is around 47 cents per kilowatt hour. And we are much higher than that. That's all I'll tell you. I know exactly the price, but I know it's higher than Hawaii. Any word on voyage or is it time to give up? No, I think there's two bids coming in. One is through Binance. Another one is through NXS, INX, excuse me. And they're both regulated, they're exchanges, so I don't think it's time to give up. I think if anyone's gonna come out of bankruptcy and get bought out, it's a voyager. It's sure they drive their feet and use our money to pay their salaries and their lawyers. Lavasi, is it safe to buy crypto now? You know, it's not financial advice. For me, it's a safe time because I just follow the rules. What are those rules you say? Great question. So the rules are that I don't invest more than I can afford to lose. The next one is everything is a scam until proven otherwise. The next one is I don't leave anything on exchanges. I put them in my ledger go. That's, oh, right here. And no leverage, no leverage. If you wanna do one, two X-Rex, that's up to you. But 50 and 100 X, come on. And the last one is take profits. So I can't really answer your questions. Is it ever safe to buy crypto or say to buy crypto? But that's what I do to keep myself safe. Just follow my rules. I follow my rules. I made them so I was as well. Garrett, who's your solar company? Cause we're, we've already got somebody who's looking to install the panels and the batteries. Do I have to choose if I stay with James or Rob is my dad? No, this is what's great about YouTube. You can go to both places. That's gonna be all right. JT, I know you got a wrench. You should have a wrench. Fred says, how many different cryptocurrencies are in your current long-term portfolio? Well, long-term portfolio is really just a couple. But remember, you know, I'm never gonna sell 100% of them. So, I mean, Bitcoin is obviously the one. I can see a theorem doing well for quite some time because everybody seems to wanna build on it. It doesn't matter if it's whatever problems are raised there and that's, that's, doesn't matter if you got it up and coming right now. That's what, that's what they're gonna do for a while. And then of course, Cardano, but another one that's a long-term hold for me is World Mobile Token. I do like that one. I'm also a World Mobile Node Operator. So I'll stick to that one for a while. Chainlink, again, I don't see, if you need outside data, you need an Oracle. And what else is besides Chainlink? There's a couple, but does anybody use them? I'm not for sure if they use them at a massive degree as Chainlink is. I'm in it for the tech. That's a good question. Hey, what happened to Kripper that was on BlockFi, for example? Yeah, where does it all go? That's a big question. Let's see. I have no magic whatsoever. Okay, this is a great one. And I believe it with this because we're coming up in the hour. So how would your thesis on Bitcoin change if the next halving did not bring a substantial price increase? So you gotta remember, it's not the halving on that day, of course, that gives you the massive price increase. It is over time as people, and the narrative, some people say, well, the narrative is because we understand now or it gets into people's heads that there's a diminishing supply because of the halving. And some people say it has nothing to do with that. It's just the narrative itself that is being pushed, which brings people into FOMO and pushes the price up whatever, cause and effect, chicken in the egg. I don't really care. So for me, if let's just say, for example, that Bitcoin, it's at 17,000, let's say it goes out of 10,000. Nah, let's just say 20,000. In March, 2024, when the Bitcoin halving is, I just don't see it decreasing, especially with all the big names that are pushing it now, that are getting into not just Bitcoin but crypto, but I mean, I just don't see how that's possible. It could be possible, but if it didn't, then I would take a real hard look at what has actual use utility. Cause if nobody's using Bitcoin for its incentive purpose, which is, is it peer-to-peer transactions like it was written in the white paper? Is it a store of value, which a lot of people talk about? Is it gold 2.0? What is it? Or is it a base layer for everything to be built upon as the most secure network on the entire planet? If you don't use those for reasons and there's no utility for it and people aren't using it, they're just all bunch of spectators. Then of course, I start to think of myself as like, well, what am I doing into Bitcoin? Then I always start to think about this. Which projects have real-world utility and are actually helping people out and actually doing things? So in that, I have to take a look at the NFT reign. All right. And some of this, I just, of course, we just blipped out for a bit, but also I take a look at what is real utility and start to invest in there. That's it. And another thing I'd really look at too is gaming because that has real-world utility right now. And of course, we're all talking, you know, all the time like that. And that's it. All right, everybody. So look, that concludes today for the new adios.


Just what is a data model and why is it important? Let's see here. So let me just jump right in. Let's see here. No, I just have to figure out this thing down here. There we go. So, you know, I just want to, maybe it's a little bit humorous, but, you know, get everybody's mind thinking the right way. So if you're anything like me, and you've been working software for quite a while, and you're probably over here where when you're communicating, you're putting messages together, you're thinking more in terms of data structures. Okay, how am I going to organize the data in an efficient way to communicate it and store it? You know, the different concerns that we have in terms of space and time and those kinds of things. And we've been living over here for quite a while. So data modeling isn't exactly that. All right? There is an aspect to it, and at some point we do need to communicate data and need to be concerned with those things, but a lot of what data modeling is, is describing the things that you want to communicate about and how they relate to one another. So really that's what we're getting at over here. It's going to require a little bit of different way of thinking, at least to describe that. So anyway, moving on from that aspect here, what is data architecture? So let's see. I'll start with a textbook definition. And what we're trying to accomplish is to describe the data going into or out of a unit of portability, so your face component that wants to communicate in the context of the entities of concern to the UOP to enable an integrator to combine UOPs together to provide larger capabilities and have a system. So that's all fairly complicated technical speak. So I have a simple English version here. Our intent is to define common terminology so that when we describe communicated data, we know what we're talking about. So we try to keep it as straightforward as that. One way I like to think about this, I like to liken some of this back to a dictionary. The dictionary, super English language, allows us to define certain common words so we can have a common understanding of what those words mean, and we can combine them in different ways to make sentences and talk to one another. I'd say a lot of what we're trying to accomplish, the why in data modeling, is to do the same thing. We have terminology in our domains that we use when we talk to each other. How do we sort of lay that out in a more formal way so that when we build messages and tie the data in our messages back to that, we know what we're talking about? I'd say today we find ourselves in a situation, a preface where we just build messages and count on the name of the field and the message providing all the information everybody needs to know. But if you've done any work on a rather significant program, you know that that's not always the case. Sometimes names are terse, or the author thinks it completely describes what's necessary, but it's not always obvious to the reader. And part of the why in data modeling is to provide that background so you've got more clarity on what the data being communicated is. One thing that I think is important to point out is that data model mechanisms are tended to be domain independent. So FACE doesn't do anything to say that, oh, this is data modeling for mission systems or this is data modeling for communication or flight systems. Practically speaking, you could model just about any concepts that you can imagine using FACE data modeling. So it's pretty flexible, really what you're going to build is something that defines the language in the domain that you're going to work in. So let's see here. Next chart, a little bit of a what on the data architecture. So there's a number of pieces here. Of course, you have the technical standard, which includes what we call the metamodel. And that's really the nuts and bolts of the construction of a data model. The metamodel is sort of the rules on the kinds of things that can be in a model and how they can tie into one another and some additional constraints to think of these as extra rules to add on top. Similar to any kind of programming language, I'd say the metamodel sort of represents a syntax and the OCL constraints are like the semantic rules. In a programming language, it might be a semantic rule that says I've got two variables and I'm going to compare against one another, and the semantic rule says they have to be of the same type. Same kind of idea here. So that's where the definition of the data architecture language lives. Now, there's a couple of other things here that are important to understand. The consortium publishes something called a shared data model. Now, this model has in it some of the real fundamental building blocks that everybody will start with. And if I may continue my dictionary analogy and English words, the shared data model is almost like your alphabet. It defines these real basic building blocks that you can then use to come up with more comprehensive kinds of things. I have another chart that talks a little bit about some of the things that are in there, so I'm not going to spend too much time. There are other kinds of models beyond the shared data model. Let me back up for a second. One other thing, the shared data model is actually managed by the consortium with a governance plan. So you can't just make changes to it. It has to go through a change process. We've got a subcommittee in the data architecture working group that works those changes and publishes the shared data model out of regular intervals. So your UOP will have to be conformant to it and use things in it. And if there's something missing ahead of conformance, you're going to need to work through the PRCR process to make those changes back into shared data model. Now, down below you see other kinds of models here. We've got a domain-specific data model, a UOP-supplied model and an integration model. So if you're building a UOP, the UOP-supplied model is a required artifact. It is going to define your interfaces to your unit of portability and some other items as well. An optional item here is a domain-specific data model. So the idea here being often there's a community of interest that wants to share certain common terminology and definitions. So a lot of that can be captured in this domain-specific model and then reused across a number of UOP-supplied models. So for instance, if a group wanted to get together and have, say, a navigation-based domain-specific data model that defines things like waypoints and flight legs and horizontal protection levels and those kinds of things, that could all be done in a domain-specific data model and then anybody that creates a UOP could use that and you have an agreed-to base set of vocabulary, that's like a little dictionary, that you could use then to design your interfaces in your UOP model. As I mentioned, the UOP model is built by developers of a UOP. It's going to extend you to the shared data model, the domain-specific data model, or both, with things that are not contained there so that everything to be able to use your UOP resides in that model. And finally, there's an introduction to phase 3-0. There's something called an integration model. This is not required, but it does define ways to describe the connectivity between UOPs and some of the key elements of transport services like transformations and aggregations, data marshaling and un-marshaling and those kinds of things, can be described with an integration model. Okay, let's see, there's a lot of detail in this chart and I'm not going to get into all of it, but this is maybe a good starting point for you. I will say that what you see in this chart is not everything that's in the phase meta model. It's designed to give you a flavor of the kinds of things. But what I'd like you to take away is that a phase data model is actually three main levels, the conceptual, the logical, and the platform level. As the name implies, it's the conceptual level. It's where the big ideas live, right? Where you invent terminology. If we were going to invent the idea of a waypoint, it would live in the conceptual model. At this level, you've got entities. So maybe a waypoint is an entity. You can think about it that way. There's also associations. There may be relationships between entities. So if I had a continuing my navigation example, I had a waypoint entity and an aircraft entity. I might have a flying-to relationship between the aircraft and a waypoint entity. So again, just trying to give you a flavor of these things. Another key idea are these observable properties. Entities can have properties. So my waypoint example, a property of a waypoint, might be its position. My flying-to association between a waypoint and an aircraft might have a property of time to go. So there's a time property to it. These observable properties are all things that are defined in the shared data model. You can't invent new ones, not without going through the process. Everything to the left of this line is things that are in the shared data model and standardized across all UOPs for a particular version of faith. Things to the right of the arrow are things that you can define in UOP models or domain models or integration models and so on. Now beyond the conceptual level, there's a logical model. So it takes everything in the conceptual level of the intent being to provide some more detail about how we're going to describe some of those properties. So I talked about a position property. Now at the conceptual level, it's just position, and we all understand that. But to communicate about it, we need something more detailed, like how are you going to give me that position? Is it going to be WGS84, or it's senator of specs, or whatever, right? So that's where some of this gets filled in. We talked about how these properties are measured. And we try to keep it fairly high level. We don't get into data types and things like that. But notionally try to tie it back to systems of measure. That's the main aspect of the logical model is to refine what's here and fill in some of the details, make it a little more specific. And finally, this platform model takes it one step further and actually fills in some of the data types. So using my waypoint example, I may say I've got a waypoint and a position, which has a position. I've got a waypoint, and that position is going to be measured using WGS84, that long altitude kind of measurements. And down here, I've got a waypoint. It's got a position. And it's WGS84. And I'm going to realize the latitude and longitude with doubles and the altitude with an int. So I'll give you an idea on how this stuff all flows. I know I'm going super fast for you guys, but hopefully the message is coming through. And finally, while it's not technically a level, there is a thing called a UOP model within the phase data architecture, which allows you actually to identify a component and describe the data that comes into and out of it. So I can have my portable component and my platform-specific component, which has some number of ports. In each of those ports, users a view element from the platform model to describe what the data is, and it all ties back to your entities and associations. Let's see how am I doing on time. Let's see. One thing I didn't probably pay enough attention to here are views. I described entities and associations, but views are how you actually describe how you're going to take data from those entities and associations and package it up on an interface. So going back to that first slide, where I talked about data structures versus data modeling, the entities and associations are more the data modeling, the abstract side of things, where views are the packaging and how you're going to manage the content of your interface and how is each message going to be organized and those kinds of things. That's where the data structures aspect comes in. Finally right here. All right. Let's see. Let's check the next chart here. So let's see. I've got five minutes left. All right. I thought it might be good to go through a little bit of an example that I hope most of us can relate to based on a university. So I've been using my little waypoint example. This is a little more filled out here. The notation I'm using, basically these rounded rectangles are entities and these hexagonal items are relationships. And this is purely the conceptual level. That's all I'm really going to address here. But again, just to give you a flavor of what kinds of stuff you have to do and put into a data model. So when we talk about a university, some common terms that we're going to bring up, we've got, well, the university itself. There's courses. There's classes. There's rooms. There's teachers. There's students. So how do we capture that all here? So those noun kinds of items, the university, the course and those kinds of things. An easy way to think about it, you can look at those being entities. So the university itself is an entity. And that university, it's got a location. We haven't talked about how we specify it, but universities all have a location. There's courses. And the course may have an ID, course code, something like that. A duration. Maybe it's three credit hours or something like that. It's got a name, something that's a little more human readable. Now, of course, by itself, isn't that really meaningful? It's got to be offered by a university. So there's a relationship between the university and the course, and that the course offers that university. Now, you see I've got some little numbers on some of these things here. Now I'm going to tell you a little about what some of these labels mean. It's course offering, you know, relationship. Well, on one side of it, there's a university. And the other side is the course that's being offered. Now, since there's no numbers over here, it's assumed that each course offering, you know, is part of one university and relates to one course. All right, so if there's no number there, it means one. Now the one to many on this side says, well, a university can play in many, one or more course offering relationships. It basically says that university can offer one or more courses. That's essentially what we're saying here. Paying attention to another part of the model here. You've got courses, which are like things in the catalog, but back in the day when I was in school, there was often a semester, numerous offerings of that one particular course, and there were certain sections of the class. So a class is actually an instance of a course. So any given semester, there'd be a course instance relationships between a course and a class. Angus class is an instance of that course. This course can have one or more instances of it in the semester. Each one of these relationships is between one course and one class. Tracking down this way here. Well, who takes classes? People take classes. And people are enrolled in classes. So here's this class enrollment relationship. It says I've got a class, I've got a person, and there's an enrollment relationship between the two. Now I haven't added anything here to characterize it, but I could put some properties in here if I wanted to further describe that relationship. Now you see here on class enrollments, it's between a class and a person, but in this particular case, we've given that person a certain kind of role name. They're playing the role of student here. If you look on the other side, a class of student isn't really that interesting unless you've got a teacher. So there's also a class teaching relationship between a person and a class. So on one end, we've got the class. On the other end, we've got a person. In this case, we've given them the role name of teacher. So you can kind of see how, hopefully you can see how this ties together. Again, looking at our cardinalities here, this basically says that I can have a person who participates in zero or more teaching relationships. They don't have to be teachers. People don't. In a class teaching relationship, a class and one teacher need that. Every class will participate in one class teaching relationship. So what I'd like to wrap up with on this chart is we've described all these relationships. These aren't data structures. These are relationships between ideas and terms that we would use if we're talking about university. If anybody who understands university can look at this picture and say, yeah, that makes sense. That's what it is. We've defined a ubiquitous language for some small slice of universities. But that's not necessarily how we package up the data. So this little sample view here proposes, I might want to have a message that's got the name and ID of all the courses offered by the university. On phase 3O, what we've done is we've adopted an SQL-like syntax that can be applied to allow us to describe the data that's being extracted from our entity model. So here I'm going to say let's course ID in course name. I said I want the name and the ID of all courses. From the university, if you're familiar with SQL, I've just given it an alias called U so I can take myself a little typing. I'm going to join U University on this university line to course offering. So course offering, this line is labeled university. So I join it from the university to course offering and from course offering on course to course. So I get from here all the way over to here. And again, I selected the name and the ID and this describes a view that contains all of the course IDs and names of all the courses part of the course offering relationship with the university. You know what I haven't described here is how we package that up, but that would be a little deep to get into for this quick session today. But there's a template and mechanism that allows me to take this data now and format it into a message that's the data structure I'm at when I communicate. So let's see, that's the last slide I plan on going over. And I think schedule-wise, we're just over 20 minutes. So what's the next time? And do I... That's great, Bill. Thank you for that. Judy, do you want to say a quick word? Sure. My name is Judy Serendia. I'm from the Open Group. I'm the faith consortium program director. And I do want to thank our presenter, Bill Kinahan. He's a chair of the data architecture working group within the faith consortium. Works for Sikorsky Aircraft, so deeply entrenched in the avionics software development that we focus on. I also want to thank all of our attendees today for joining. Hopefully you learned a little bit more about the faith data architecture and some details from Bill's examples on how to construct. Data architecture or data model concepts. If you need any more information about the faith consortium, you can check us out at www.opengroup.org or gslashface. And if you have any particular questions about today's webinar or just want to get additional information that's not available on our website, you can contact us via email at ogface-admin at opengroup.us. I thank you again for joining us. Enjoy the rest of your day. Take care.