Compass is a new Monte Carlo, MC, engine design specifically for boron neutron capture therapy, BNCT, dose calculations. It is faster than existing general-purpose MC codes such as MCNP due to its optimized algorithms and parallel computing capabilities. The comparison between Compass and MCNP shows that the dose distributions from Compass are in good agreement with those from MCNP, while the computational efficiency of Compass is better than MCNP. This demonstrates that Compass can be used to quickly generate accurate dose distributions for BNCT treatments. This article was authored by WAN Bingxiang, Jiang Chen, Yi Chiaotong, and others.


Thank you kindly be seated. Good afternoon, honored attendees, esteemed guests, faculty members, and most importantly, our graduating students. Welcome to the commemorative graduation ceremony of the Teizone Elite, page of 2023. My name is Terali Rappeka, as Izun, and I am honored to be your host for today's event. Let us begin. As we gather here today to celebrate the achievements of our graduating students, let us take a moment to reflect on the journey that has brought us here. Similar to the majestic journey of a seed evolving into a darring dream, our students have undergone profound growth throughout their dying in the elite course. Tree of Hope symbolizes the hope we have as students in our college that employing the skills and knowledge they have learned at Teizone would go on to achieve great things and strive for excellence. As a tangible representation of this transformative journey, we shall now commence the ceremonial watering of the Tree of Hope. With due respect, I invite our esteemed case, principal, and the teams to do us the honor of watering the Tree of Hope. Thank you so much. College, delete us in the prayers of blessings. Let us all look to God in prayer. Our most precious Heavenly Father, we thank you so much for giving us this very beautiful time and for blessing us this very beautiful day and for allowing us to gather here in this such manner so that we may celebrate the graduation and the achievement of our dear brothers and sisters. Lord, at this moment, we invoke your presence, and we pray that you will be with us until the end of this program. And everything that we do, I pray that it will all be done according to your will. Submitting the rest of our time and our activities and our life in your mighty hand, we bring the name of our Lord, Savior Jesus Christ, amen. Thank you, Mr. Archivito, for gracing us with the prayers of blessings. Your heartfelt words have set a sacred dawn for our gathering and have uplifted our spirits. Let us take a moment to acknowledge the collaboration between Teto College and Nelit. Here, to provide us with a report on Nelit courses at Teto is Mr. Risotto Zotto, a teaching faculty member at Nelit. Our principal, deans, faculties, and all the students present here. Today, I am honored to present to you a comprehensive report of Nelit department in Teto College. The M1U between Teto College and Nelit was signed on the 2nd of November, 2022, where our principal, our director, and Mr. Daniel Marin bear witness. And through this collaboration between the two institutes, it forged pathways for the students of Teto College to access cutting-edge trainings, certification programs, and industry exposure, thereby enhancing their employability and competitiveness in the global marketplace. In this report, we will delve into what has been achieved so far and which are underway. Nelit introduced new courses into the curriculum of Teto College, which served as a catalyst for skill development and technological advancement for the students, namely, the courses where computer applications and networking, computer applications accounting and publishing, all-level certificate of concepts of computers, and multimedia developer. In computer applications and networking, a total of 130 students were enrolled, and 105 of them have successfully cleared their certification course exams. In computer applications, accounting and publishing, a total of 31 students enrolled, and 13 of them successfully cleared their exams. And in multimedia, a total of 13 of them applied for the course, and nine of them have successfully cleared their exams. In addition, we have currently 54 students who are enrolled in the multimedia developer course, and we have a total of 700 students for the computer applications associate course currently. And we also have a total of 27 students from the BCA department who are enrolled in the all-level course. In addition to this, we also had the opportunity to send our BCA students for trainings and internships, such as IoT training, which was done in Dimapun-Nilith from the 7th of December 2023 to the 16th of January 2024, where 11 students participated, and cyber forensic internship, which was from December 4 to January 2024, where two students participated from the BCA department. And we had the opportunity to send our students to Nilith Chandigarh for IoT training, which was held from December 17, 2023 to January 18, 2024, where eight students went for their internships. In conclusion, though at its infant stage, Nilith Datso have strived for excellence in various capacities, as listed so far, our future endeavor holds to the same principles, and that we will continue to be a catalyst for skill development and technological advancement for the students, so that they will be ready for their bright future ahead. Thank you. Thank you, sir, for graciously providing us with such an insightful report. I now invite with great pleasure our esteemed principal, Dr. Hewessa L. King, to address the crowd. You may kindly take your time. Good afternoon, everyone. Our respected chairperson, our special guest, Mr. Daniel Marin, our deans, teaching faculty, and our graduating students. It is a pleasure for me to be standing here and addressing you all on this special day as we acknowledge your achievement, the completion of your Nilith course here at Datso College. Today, as announced earlier by Mr. Visato, 137 students are graduating, completing three courses that were offered by our Nilith instructors this year. We're proud of the time and the commitment, the energy that you've taken to complete this course diligently throughout. And I hope that you'll be graduating not just through the certificate, but with practical skills, with the knowledge of how to leverage on using technology, on how to use computers to aid you in your life. Whatever profession it is that you choose to move into, or whether it's higher education, or whatever job commitments that you may have, I hope that these skills will empower you to be able to do an excellent job so that you may continue to keep on striving for excellence, which is what the model of our college is. I think our special guest, Mr. Daniel Marin, the Joint Director and Scientist at Nilith Demopore for taking the time out to grace this occasion to address all of you on behalf and representing Nilith. We are extremely happy that we could have signed an MOU with Nilith in the year 2022, and because of which it has enabled the students of Ditzel College to take up free computer classes on very important courses that will be beneficial to all of you for life. During my time when I was a student, computers and technology was just emerging. And during our parents' time, which should be your grandparents' time, computers did not exist. They used what we call typewriters. I don't know if you all know what typewriters are, or whether some of you have seen it, but typewriters do type on paper to get the message across, to type out letters, to type out applications. The world has changed so much, and now we have computers and technology to aid your learning, to make communication quicker, to help you in your jobs, to collect data, to deal with large numbers, to do research, to do your jobs much more organized and efficiently and in a more structured manner. These are very challenging times, but also good times if you know how to use all the technology, all the knowledge that you have at your disposal and to your advantage. So I encourage each one of you to use this practical knowledge that you gained today in your lives to aid you to become better versions of yourself. Don't just stop here with getting this NELIS certificate but I encourage you and advise you all to learn new courses, to go up online and to search for additional courses that can enhance your skills or to take up more needed courses that you can learn. Those of you who have not taken Multimedia Developer can take up these courses or even new additional courses. Don't stop at this one certificate alone and make sure that you're using these practical skills and putting it into practice so that you don't forget. Okay? So once again, I just congratulate all of you and I wish you all the best. I hope that you use this knowledge to the best of your ability and that this certificate may be a validation and proof of your commitment and the time that you've spent but also a reminder to you to continue to take up such additional courses, not just academic courses and to not just graduate at the school college with your undergraduate degree. But to take up the add-on courses, add-on skills, anything that can help you because the world is so competitive. Everyone has a degree these days. We believe that our students are graduates who are employable, who will be able to use their knowledge to get a job, to get a seat in higher education, in universities across the world and be able to travel places and contribute in the workspace or in any special field or domain that you like to. So please remember that and keep working hard and as our motto states, once again, I conclude with, let's keep striving for excellence. Thank you. Before we move forward, I invite our principal once again to hand out the momentous to our dignitaries. We have Dr. Daniel Murn, Joint Director and Scientist E from Nilik Timapur. Second, we have Sir Apong from Nilik Timapur. I would like to invite Mr. Yimti Yom Longkomer, a student from the Department of History, to deliver a speech on behalf of the graduating students. A very good afternoon. Our distinguished special guest, Mr. Daniel Murn and Sir Apong, staff of Nilik, are esteemed principal, deans, faculties, and my dearest standing here on behalf of the batch of 2022, Nilik. First and foremost, I would like to extend my gratitude on behalf of the class of 2023 to Nilik and Tetzel College for giving us the opportunity to take up this course. Today marks a significant milestone in our lives as we gather to celebrate the completion of our course in computer applications and networking and multimedia developer, computer applications, accounting, and publishing. As we stand on the threshold of the future, it is a moment to reflect on the journey we've undertaken and the possibilities that lie ahead. We are at a crossroads where technology, computer science, and mankind are very close to forming a kind of symbiotic relationship, especially with the breakthrough of Elon Musk's Neuralink. And while that is on a completely different level as compared to what we've learned, I believe that the course that we've all taken is one of the first steps in order to adapt to this changing world of technology. Throughout this course, we've learned to work with Excel sheets, create logos, PPTs, magazine templates, photo and video editing, to also configuring and setting up the computer hardware, configuring networks, where even getting internet cables to work properly was a pretty tricky task, and many more. So we've acquired a versatile set that equips us for the challenges of the digital age. But beyond the technical knowledge gained, this journey has been more than just mastering tools and techniques. It's been about cultivating a mindset of innovation, problem solving, self-dependence, and adaptability. In an era where change is constant, the ability to learn, unlearn, and relearn is paramount. So as we step out into the professional world, we carry with us not only the certificates we receive today, but also the friendships that we forged, the challenges overcome, and the lessons learned. In closing, I want to extend my heartfelt congratulations to each and every one of my fellow graduates, and also a big thank you to our teachers for their unwavering guidance and patience. Today, we celebrate not only our achievements, but also the boundless potential that lies within us. Together, let us go forth and shape the future, leaving an indelible mark on the world. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Lomkomer, for sharing your thoughts with us. Now, it is time for the most anticipated moment of the ceremony, the awarding of certificates. I would like to invite the director of NELID, Dr. Daniel Meran, joint director and scientist A from NELID team opera, to come forward and present the certificates to our top students, as well as our page representatives. Our top performers of the NELID page are Yim Di Yong Lomkomer from Computer Applications and Networking, Lika H. Yeapto from Multimedia Developer, and M.D. Noshad Alam Ansari from Computer Applications, Accounting, and Publishing. Toppers, kindly come forward and collect your well-deserved certificates. First, we have Yim Di Yong Lomkomer from Computer Applications and Networking. Next, we have Lika H. Yeapto from Multimedia Developer, followed by M.D. Noshad Alam Ansari from Computer Applications, Accounting, and Publishing. Next up, we have our page representatives to collect the certificates. I request the representatives to come forward as I call their names. Anand Gokla Jamir from Computer Applications and Networking, Anisee E. Naki from Multimedia Developer, and Kristie Patton from Computer Applications, Accounting, and Publishing. Kristie Patton from Computer Applications, Accounting, and Publishing. If she is not present, I request one of her friends to come and collect the certificates. Congratulations to all the graduates on this moment's achievement.  Moving forward, I am truly honored to extend a warm welcome to our distinguished special guest, Mr. Daniel Marin, Joint Director and Scientist, E. from Nili Timopper, going by Extension Center, who will grace us with his profound remarks. Sir, you may kindly take your time. Good afternoon to all of you, respected host of today's program, respected Administrator and Director of Deco College, Shuri Lorin, Principal of this college, Dr. Hewasa Elkin, Dean, Teaching Faculty, Staffs and Staffs of Deco College, and my dear students. First of all, I would like to thank the college as well as the organizers of this wonderful program for inviting me to be here today on this special graduation ceremony of Tetsuo, Nailit, B.H. 2020 Street. So it is indeed a very happy moment to see all the students who have graduated and completed these Nailit certified courses. In fact, before I go deeper, I would just like to bring an example. Like, last year, we had a job fair at our center at Nailit Dimapur. Now, in that job fair, we came to know that there are many people, there are many organizations, there are many companies that require skills. They don't require your educational qualifications, but they are in need of various skills. And from there, we also came to learn that 90% of the skills is in the field of multimedia. Okay, multimedia, like graphic designing, video editing and animations. And also, similar to that, similar to that 90%, there was also a demand for tele also. Okay, tele in financial accounting, and especially with GST and other related taxes. So this was the thing that we came to know.  Isn't it wonderful? Right, so I feel that you guys are very lucky that you are able to complete this course while you're doing your regular education. Now, our courses, Nalit courses are designed in such a way that we are targeting you to become employable, like just like our ma'am, you know, the principal has said today that it's all about the employability. How employable you are once you pass out from this college, we want you to become employable. Now, so many graduates are there, so many people are there. Okay, and still then jobs are also available. It's just that the people are not writing the right person with the right skills, okay? And given that you have an opportunity to learn all the different skills, here in the college, okay, it's a very great opportunity for you all. Now, for example, we have this computer application and networking courses, and I'm sure that you have experienced that right from the very basic, okay, right from the very basic to how to use graphic software, how to use video editing software, and also we just heard from one of the students that they have learned how to do cabling also. So that is a very, actually that's a very basic skill that is required for each and every person out here today. All right, now we have also another course called Multimuted Developer. Now in the Multimuted Developer, I'm sure that we focus more on the designing of graphics, designing of videos and designing of animations. So these are the skills that is in demand in the market now, okay? Now if you look at any organization or even if you look at the government sector, each and every department, they require one graphic designer, they require one video editing person. Why? Because it's all about social media also, right? Today also we are having a program, right? Today also we are having a program. So someone is there to take the pictures, someone is there to go and it did these pictures, do something with the pictures, do something with the videos, and then upload it in the social media, right? So not only our college, but it is required in each and every colleges as well as even in the government sector also. So this is in high demand now. And with regard to computer application accounting and publishing, see today even a small organization, even a small entrepreneur, they have to pay taxes. GST is there, okay? We have tax deducted at source, DDS is there. So these are the things which a normal and lemon person may not know, but all of this thing is being done through the software. So we are now providing tele-software so that the commerce students, once you pass out from your college, you will be employable to this kind of organization, to this kind of requirements, all right? Now another great thing about Nilead courses is that, see the way you have conducted your examination, you're aware of it, right? So for the theory examinations, objective type questions were asked, right? So the main target of this is that, see when you start studying these objective type questions, there's a high probability that when you go and appear some competitive exams, questions, whatever you have studied may come in these competitive exams. And from last experience, we came to know that many of the questions were there in that competitive exams, like NPSC and SSB and all. So it becomes an advantage, we have an upper edge as compared to the others, right? So even for you also, whatever you have studied is not going to go in vain, all right? Now, yeah, I would also like to say that many of our students from Nilead, Dimapur, they have been observed in different companies in Dimapur, okay?  Now, I would like to take two names, like one guy is called Mr. Mitsusile, okay, he has undertaken a multimedia developer and another guy, Inuoto, okay, Achumi. So what we did was, we have observed them in our office, okay? We have observed them in our office, we didn't let them go out because the way they have learned the skill is that in fact, we are the training person, but in fact, we require their service. So that is the demand, okay? Now, if I let them go, then they will be observed by any other companies in Nilead, all right? So there's so much demand that, okay, people see, if half-baked knowledge, it will not help you. So whatever you have learned now may not be 100% perfect, okay? So you have to keep on learning, just that whatever certificate we have issued today is not going to get you a job, but your skill, whatever you know will help you, okay? So till today, whatever you have learned, I request you, I urge you to improve on that, okay? And you know, try to learn more and more. All right, try to become perfect on whatever you have learned from here, okay? Now, I just want to ask one question, diverting from this, how many of you people are using JAN AI tools for your educational requirements? Are you using generative AI tools, students, or is it banned in the college? Are you using or not? Right, Sen? No one is going to say anything? Okay, so like since I already came here and since this is my first time here, I would like to take this opportunity, okay, to say that the future jobs, okay, the future jobs will require people who are knowledgeable about this JAN AI tools, okay? In the future, there will be lots of jobs, okay, lots and lots of jobs, but if you don't have this AI knowledge, then you may not be employable, okay? Now you have learned Microsoft Office, right? Microsoft Word, Excel, Power Bank, and all, right? Now AI is being integrated into all those things, right? I think you have, you know that, right? So you need to go a little bit higher step and try to learn this. Even in case of, let's say Photoshop, I think since you're all aware of that, in Photoshop also, generative AI is there. Have you ever tried that? Okay, so if you are lacking behind in this JAN AI, okay, then you'll be not employable. So I urge you to start using this JAN AI tools, like CheckGBT, okay? So I just say the name, CheckGBT, since I think most of you will be familiar, but the generative AI is the, you know, general name for this. So it can be in Photoshop, it can be in Word, it can be in Excel, or it can be any other software, okay? So you need to start exploring this in order for you to become future employable, all right? So like I said, every government departments, every private organization, or even if you want to become a entrepreneur, without these JAN AI tools, on how to use it effectively, you may be, you may be lacking, all right? Now with this, I would like to encourage you to embrace technology, whatever you have learned from these courses, you have to keep on upgrading your skills, okay? There are a lot of tools available online, and someone has already suggested that if you have completed computer application networking, why don't you go for a multimedia developer, and so on. So learning is never an ending process. So I would like to encourage you once again, that you keep on looking for skill-oriented courses, which will really help you once you complete your formal education, okay? Thank you. Thank you, sir, for your insightful words. You have beautifully complimented the significance of this momentous occasion. I now invite Sir Apuong, teaching faculty nearly to deliver the words of gratitude. Do you need to read? Very good. On behalf of the faculty, I extend a heartfelt appreciation to our graduating students. Your hard work and dedication has led you to this significant milestone, and we are immensely proud of each and every one of you. Our great gratitude also extends to the director and principal of Dezo College for supporting our students in pursuing the lead courses. Your belief in them has been pivotal for their success, and we are very thankful for your unwavering support. A special thanks to our esteemed guest, the director of Nelit Koema for pressing us with your presence and sharing, your invaluable wisdom with our graduates. We acknowledge the dedication of our faculty and staff whose mentorship has prepared our students for their future. Your commitment to the excellence is commendable, and we appreciate your effort. Lastly, gratitude to the event organizers, volunteers, and all the behind the scenes contributors for ensuring the success of this ceremony. Let's celebrate the achievement of our graduates and definitely anticipate their bright future. Congratulation once again to the Nelit batch of 2023. Thank you. 2023, our time for the course may have been short, but our consistent efforts in calling our instructor from all corners of the classroom have truly yielded significant results. Thank you all for joining us today. Let us continue to celebrate the achievements of our graduates and wish them success in all their future endeavors. Have a wonderful afternoon. You may disperse.


This episode was prerecorded as part of a live continuing education webinar. On-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation through all CEUs. Register at allceus.com slash counselor toolbox. Welcome everybody to today's presentation. Happiness isn't brain surgery, but behavior modification basics part two. Last time we talked about basically what behavior modification can do for you in a clinical situation. And we also started to identify conditioned and unconditioned stimuli and conditioned and unconditioned responses. So in this presentation we're going to continue to explore the usefulness of behavior modification. Review those terms that we talked about and learn additional modification terms such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction burst and pre-mech principle. So again, why do we care? Because this is one of the principles for adult learning is you always need to bring it back to why is this important to me? How can this benefit either me or my clients? Change means doing something different or modifying a response. While stimuli prompts a behavior, reinforcement and punishment are associated with motivation. Now remember last time we talked about how strict behaviors don't like those internal terms called motivation and desire. Because you can't label those. You can't or you can't see them. You can't touch them. You can't quantify them. So we're going to be a little bit loosey-goosey in how we talk about things today.  You tried to convince yourself to do things by putting discriminative stimuli in the environment. Maybe you put your gym bag by the door. So that would remind you that you were going to the gym after work. And maybe you also provided reinforcement. If you went so many days a week, then there was a reward at the end of the week. Whatever the case was, you were trying to increase your motivation to go to the gym. You were trying to make it more pleasurable. You were trying to make your body say, yeah, this is worth the effort. Understanding these principles are going to help you elicit a behavior.   Get somebody to achieve their goals. And it will increase the likelihood that whatever the behavior is will happen again. We want to make sure that we reward things in a manner that's going to be substantial enough to make the behavior happen again. My kids are teenagers. If they do something really well and I give them a nickel, they're going to look at me like I'm crazy. And like, my, we can get more than that out of the couch cushions. So make it worth my while. And we can also decrease the likelihood of unwanted behaviors. And I talked a little bit last time about you don't want to just eliminate behaviors. Otherwise you've got a person who doesn't have any behaviors to do. They just kind of sit there and they're like, I don't have any other options. You told me everything I tried was wrong. So we want to make sure that if we're decreasing a behavior, we're also increasing another one. For example, think about smoking. One of the behaviors people have with smoking is that hand to mouth when they start to get stressed. When they stop smoking, a lot of people start doing the same hand to mouth with candy or with food and they gain a lot of weight. Now, this is not just the over simplistic explanation, but I want you to see where this behavior kind of gets transferred. So we've got to not only decrease the frequency of this hand to mouth behavior, but we've got to give the hand something else to do. If they're not going to the mouth, what are they doing? Crocheting, crossword puzzles, maybe you're going out and playing tennis. I don't know, playing ball with the dog. So brief review. Unconditioned stimulus and response means the same thing to an adult as it does to a child, an infant. A loud noise, no matter what your age, is going to cause you to startle. A bright light, you look up at the sun, you're going to squint. That's a natural response. You don't have to be taught that the sun is bright. So if you look at it, then you need to squint. These are things that just happen. Condition stimuli and responses are those things that you don't really know. An infant doesn't know what it means. And I was reminded the other day, I love the Beverly Hills billies. I was watching that the other day. And somebody came to the mansion and rang the doorbell. And they were going all around looking for where that music was coming from. Because a doorbell is a conditioned stimulus. It has no meaning until you learn that, oh, that means somebody's at the door. A yellow light, like we talked about in the other session. For some people, it means slow down. For other people, it means gun it. Whatever your learning happens to be. One of the cool things with humans, we have our higher order cognition. So some of these unconditioned stimuli, we can counter condition or decondition a little bit. So we don't startle as much with certain loud noises.  And you can also get used to it. You can desensitize to it. If you happen to work in a kitchen somewhere where there's always things banging and going. Or if you work in a kennel where there's always dogs barking, you may desensitize to certain loud noises. How does that help us as clinicians? It helps us because we can take some things that are very natural, survival based unconditioned stimuli and say, okay, this is adding to your stress. We need to figure out how to reduce its impact on your stress level if it's not really a threat. And we also want to look at some of these unconditioned stimuli like cold and hot in terms of vulnerabilities. If there is something that is stimulating the person to shiver, to sweat, to be cranky because they're uncomfortable, that's one of our vulnerabilities. And it's going to make it harder to deal with stress because our body is already trying to deal with not being at the right temperature. Discriminative stimuli are one of my favorite things to talk about. And one of my favorite things to do because you can use discriminative stimuli to identify what triggers a behavior like smoking or using drugs or freaking out. If you have small kids and you go down the candy aisle, that's a discriminative stimuli. If they go down the dairy aisle, they're not going to be going, oh, can I please have the mozzarella? Well, most of them won't, but if they go down the candy aisle, it's all over because candy elicits a very different response than mozzarella cheese. So discriminative stimuli can trigger an unpleasant behavior, but it can also trigger a positive behavior. If you have discriminative stimuli in the environment that reminds you to be happy, that reminds you to be grateful, that reminds you of why you're doing whatever you're doing. Maybe you're at a job right now that's not your favorite in the world, but it is a stepping stone to get to where you want to be.  If you are on a diet, there are going to be some days where those Oreos are really calling your name. If you have a picture of whatever resort you're going to on vacation on the refrigerator, it may remind you that you may want to stick to your diet a little bit more or not. Learned helplessness, again, oh, and alarms. Alarms are some of the most basic discriminative stimuli. My kids have alarms that remind them to do different chores at different times of day, get started on their lessons, take the dogs out, lunch break, take the dogs out, put the chickens up. It tells them what to do. Now, the interesting thing with there are other stimuli like daylight. For chickens, for example, chickens go to bed as soon as it gets dusky. They'll go into the barn kind of by themselves.  And those are discriminative stimuli for animals. So we want to pay attention to that. It's also a discriminative stimuli for us because we've talked about circadian rhythms. When the light level starts to go down, our body says, oh, it's time to go to sleep. And then learned helplessness is a lack of responsiveness to a stimulus when all options have been exhausted.  So why should you even try? And a lot of our clients, unfortunately, by the time they come to us, this is where they're at. They're like, I've tried everything and nothing has worked.  That's really awesome. That's a step in the right direction because there's some hope somewhere that there's something that may work. You just haven't found it yet. This is where I want them to be because they've got hope. It's the people who don't come to treatment because they don't think there's any hope or they quit trying different medications because they don't think there's any hope. That's the learned helplessness and we don't want people to get there. One of the things that we can do with clients is if they're not progressing, we don't want them to get to this stage so we can say, OK, hold up for a second. We see that we're trying these things and they're not being really effective for you. So, let's brainstorm why they're not effective for you and maybe change courses instead of putting it on the client and going, well, I guess you're just not treatable or if you would have done something differently, it would have gotten better. We want to help them feel empowered. We want to help them feel like detectives to try to figure out what's going to work and what's not going to work. So, our new terms. And remember you can shoot questions to me in the chat room anytime if you have questions. Positive reinforcement. This is the one we really like. This is somebody giving us something to make us happy and it provides something positive in order to increase the likelihood a behavior will occur again. This can be food, you know, sometimes food works. If you are stuffed giving somebody more food probably isn't going to be a huge reinforcement. Money. Sometimes people can get money, they can get vouchers, they can get movie tickets. There's a lot of different forms that money or currency can take. But again, if you're somebody like Donald Trump and you have more money than you know what to do with, you know, getting a check for 25 bucks probably isn't going to be very rewarding. Validation. Telling somebody they did a really good job. Even sticky notes on their monitors or on their door. Mentioning them in a staff meeting. Something it doesn't have to be huge. But a lot of people really respond well to validation. This can be true if even if you're doing like group counseling or even individual counseling. If you comment on the progress someone has made. And then maybe review specifically the progress that they have made. But highlight the fact that you're noticing how much better that they're doing and how hard they're working. A promotion at work or a promotion to a higher level or lower level of treatment. Closer to graduating is always beneficial because somebody goes, I'm doing it. This might actually work this time. And power. Power can take a lot of different forms depending on the setting, depending on the person. At our house, my kids whoever ends up with the most points at the end of the week gets to choose what we do for our family activity on the weekend. So that gives them power to decide if they want to watch a movie or want to go to a museum or whatever they want to do. And they get to decide which day they want to do it on and for how long. So, you know, if they're not feeling it, it can be 30 minutes one day. Or if they really want to do it, it can be like a whole day activity for my kids. This happens to be something that's rewarding may not be rewarding for everybody's kids. Other things you can do in group. If everybody comes to group for the entire week, then on Friday, we will do a recreational therapy activity and you guys can choose which one of those we do. It still has to be therapeutic, but it can be something of a diversion from the norm. Basically what you want to ask your clients is what can be added that's rewarding and helpful for the person. Now, I said helpful. That's a key thing here. If you're dealing with somebody with an eating disorder, they may crave, you know, if you're dealing with somebody who's bulimic, you know, they really like chocolate. Chocolate is not, you know, something that they hate. They hate what it does. They hate how it makes them feel and there's all kinds of therapeutic issues there. So, you're not going to take somebody who has an eating disorder and give them a gift certificate for dinner out at such-and-such restaurant. That's probably not going to be overly rewarding. So, you want to make sure that it's rewarding and helpful. It's going to get them towards their goals, not undermine them. Likewise, you wouldn't want to take someone who is recovering from gambling addiction and go, here, here's $50.  The downside is probably going to undermine their treatment. So, make sure the interventions are rewarding and helpful, moving them towards where they want to be ultimately. Negative reinforcement. Now, this is a concept that some people kind of struggle with. Reinforcement always, always, always means increasing the likelihood of a behavior. Negative reinforcement means taking away something unpleasant, reducing mandatory counseling sessions. When I worked in probation and parole, some of my clients would come in and they're like, I've been through this before. I don't want to go through it again and I'm like, well, the judge says you have to. However, I have some discretion.  So, I give them conditions and behaviors that I want them to exhibit, but they have this carrot of negative reinforcement. That is, they don't have to come see me anymore. Some courts will drop restitution payments or additional charges if somebody completes treatment. When you're talking about kids, you can say, you know what?   So, think about negative reinforcement as taking away something that's unpleasant. What can be eliminated that the person would consider rewarding? They're like, woohoo, I don't have to do that anymore and helpful. Again, if the person was going to benefit from counseling and I really felt that there was a need for it, we might look at alternatives instead of saying, okay, after eight sessions, I'm going to kick you to the curb. But likely, they'll want to stay on if it is beneficial for them at that point. Always rewarding plus beneficial. Positive punishment. Add something negative to decrease the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Punishment always reduces the likelihood of a behavior. So, antibuse is a perfect example. When somebody drinks, you know, they may have a hangover afterwards, but if somebody drinks while they're taking antibuse, they have a really negative, violent reaction, or they can. So, positive punishment would be the sickness associated with the reaction to the antibuse if somebody drank. That would punish that behavior. They're going to look at it and go, alcohol's not worth the effort. Not that I believe in it, but spanking. You know, in the olden days, if somebody was thinking about doing something, they're like, well, am I going to get in trouble? Am I going to get a weapon for it? That deterred a lot of people. Additional sessions and counseling. If you relapse or if you fail to come, if you have three unexcused absences, we're going to tack on a certain number of additional sessions. Not only does that cost people money, it costs them time, and they may not want to be there. So, that's three reasons that they might do it. Another example that I don't necessarily agree with, but is used a lot, rubber band snaps. If somebody has a rubber band on their wrist and when they have a negative thought, they snap it. It hurts. If they don't want it to hurt, then they don't have the negative thoughts is the theory. In any event, positive punishment is not my favorite thing because I would really rather reward alternate behaviors. Then add something that's really unpleasant, but that's my personal opinion. Negative punishment means taking away something they want. When you ground your kids, that's negative punishment. You're taking away their electronics. You're taking away their freedom. When people have to pay money or fines for things, you're taking away their money. When they go to jail, you're taking away their freedom. Now, here's an interesting one. Relationship setting and boundaries is a punishment. How is that? For some people, especially people with active addictions, they are so needing of and desiring of being in control of other people and manipulating other people in order to protect their own addiction. They want to be around people who do what they say and don't have boundaries. If someone else sets boundaries and says, I'm not going to tolerate that kind of behavior in my house or around me or whatever, the person with the addiction, that's pretty negative. A support system is withdrawing from them. Control and power. If you take away somebody's control or take away somebody's power, it's negative punishment. You're taking something away. As severe as restraints, I know in the facilities I worked at, we rarely used them except for over in the crisis stabilization unit. Even then, it was rare because that is an extremely devastating negative punishment for a lot of people. We want to look again at what can be eliminated that would be considered undesirable but also not harmful. Above all, do no harm. When we talk about restraints, if you're going to put someone in restraints, you really got away their own safety right then and there versus what is going to be the lasting effect of restraining them, physically restraining them. It's always a judgment call and your rewards and punishments are going to differ for every single different person behavior because each behavior requires its own amount of reinforcement. Some behaviors you don't mind doing so you're going to do them. Other behaviors like paying bills or something may take a little bit more to get you motivated to do them. Rewards and punishments can be emotional.  Mental, mental rewards improve decision making, cognitive clarity, you don't have to think about it anymore. Balance a little bit more esoteric.  All of those are pretty big rewards for a lot of people. Social rewards to consider, peer acceptance, family acceptance, admiration or validation by peers as well as people who are in a power position and support. Social rewards can come just from having the support of other people and not feeling like they are an island unto themselves. Spiritual or karmic punishments and rewards. Now I put karmic there because not everybody likes the term spiritual but some people believe that when they do things they're kind of paying it forward and that's enough of a reward that internal feeling of I did something good and eventually it'll come back to me. Is enough for some people for some behaviors. Financial rewards, if financial rewards are big enough to be rewarding to that person, you know, if somebody makes 10 million dollars per football game then you're going to have to probably exceed that to make something rewarding to them. And environmental rewards, freedom. People like having freedom. If you're in a treatment center where you've got IOP and residential, maybe allowing people the freedom to choose to go off on a furlough. Our clients after they'd been in treatment for 28 days were able to apply for a furlough and then the counselors would staff it based on their behaviors in treatment and how much progress that they made and how much risk we assessed that they would experience going out unsupervised. And then generally just pleasant conditions. If you work in an environment where I used to work, it was a community mental health facility. We were cramped for space so we all shared offices. The less senior you were, the more people were in your office. So you could have five clinicians in an office which made doing sessions, assessments, progress notes a little bit more chaotic because we didn't have individual treatment rooms. So you'd have, you know, lots of people in there talking. When you were there and you had a little bit more seniority or if you got promoted, then you would have your own office, which tended to be a little bit more pleasant. But definitely the ability to choose an environment that's more conducive to what is rewarding for the person can be rewarding in and of itself. You know, even moving to a different neighborhood, maybe once they graduate from school, which is, you know, a behavior, then the reward from that is they get to move out of mom and dad's house and into their own apartment. Woo-hoo, some kids, that's plenty to get them to graduate. So the more rewards that can be gained, the stronger the motivation to repeat the behavior. What do I mean by that?  And if it's a big voucher, then it could be really rewarding.  Drugs pack a double whammy or any addictive behaviors for that matter because you have the release of dopamine, which the brain goes, ooh, I want to do that again. And then you have negative reinforcement because whatever you're doing is helping you escape from the emotional or physical pain. So it's eliminating that pain. So you've got positive and negative reinforcement and your body is going, yeah, that's really positive. I'm going to put that over there to do soon. Self-injury. Now, this is one that you're kind of looking at me going, hmm, how can that have positive consequences? When people cut, the body releases endogenous opioids in addition to dopamine in order to help them tolerate and or numb the pain. And a lot of people report when they self-injure, they have a feeling of control. They can't control anything out there, but they can control how much pain they're experiencing and what they're doing. So those are both positive reinforcements. Negative reinforcement, it's the numbing of whatever pain they're trying to escape from because they're focused on the physical pain. It's not to say when they cut, it hurts. They're not different than the rest of us. They're not going, oh, this doesn't hurt at all. It hurts, but they're focusing on that physical pain that's controllable instead of the emotional pain that seems like it's oppressive. So that one has three rewards to it. New term, behavior strain. The point at which the reinforcement or punishment is no longer effective. So if somebody tells you to go to work and you are going to work at this job, which, you know, is okay, but you're only going to get paid once every three months. How motivated do you think you are going to be to go every single day unless that paycheck at the end of the three months is really big? You know, if it's just an average paycheck, but you only get paid quarterly, there's going to be too much behavior strain. When we're working with younger people, little kids, their concept of time is so different than ours because they've only been alive for like six years. So proportionally, a day is a really long time to a six year old, whereas to us where we're 36, 46 years old, a day, that's a drop in the bucket. So age, cognitive development and the strength of the reinforcement or punishment are going to affect how strong the reward has to be or how big the reward has to be and how frequent it has to be. So even if it's a big reward, it's probably going to be more effective with younger children to have it more frequently. You know, at the end of every day, review the star chart and then at the end of the week, they can cash in their stars. You know, one of the token economies or something that that can work for most elementary age children for most adults, we can go, you know, a week or two. But after about two weeks, we need some sort of reward of some sort. Making sure people are identifying what rewards they're getting and making sure they're getting those rewards in the intensity that they hoped. If somebody goes, they decide they're going to try to lose weight and they want to lose a pound and a half a week. It's a reasonable goal. And they start working out and after two weeks, they get on the scale and they've lost weight, but it's only half a pound. They've still lost weight, which, yeah, woohoo, but it is not nearly as rewarding because they were trying to have lost three pounds by then. So we need to make sure the intensity is there to maintain the motivation. Smaller, more frequent rewards for completion of smaller goals. So instead of waiting two weeks and hoping for three pounds, let's look at smaller goals like just going to the gym, burning 600 calories or however many is reasonable for that person. For our clients, if you're working with addictions clients, going through the day without using, you know, 24 hours, great. Let's provide some positive reinforcement. Remember the reward from the drugs, you know, if you're working with addictions clients, that's a really powerful reward. So you're working against the pull of that reward and they're going, oh, I really want to use. So we need to have frequent and as intensive rewards as possible in order to maintain momentum. Here's an interesting concept, the extinction burst. If you've ever decided to go on a diet or quit smoking, you know, I know a lot of people make those resolutions and they're going to start on Monday. And the prior Friday, Saturday and Sunday is kind of a free for all because they know they're not going to get it anymore, which is one of the reasons I have an issue with completely eliminating anything, but I digress. With an extinction burst, there's a temporary increase in the behavior when the rewards are absent or insufficient. So children in the store, perfect example, child goes into the store and he says, I want a cookie.  He says, I want a cookie. Mom says, no, and I'm not going to keep getting louder because I don't want to blow your eardrums out. But eventually he gets to the point where he's being pretty darn obnoxious and the mother says, no, you're not getting a cookie. And the child stops because at that point, the effort to continue this argument isn't worth the cookie. It's like fine, whatever, cookie ain't worth it. The other thing that you've really got to pay attention to is if mom would have given in when junior was screaming, what does that teach junior? Then junior learns, oh, I'm not even going to start out with asking nicely. I'm just going to start with the screaming. I want a cookie. And mom will do it because she doesn't want to be embarrassed. So juniors manipulating her reinforcements and punishments. So extinction burst, we see it in a lot of behaviors. The desire, the cravings, the desire to engage in a particular behavior when you're trying to not do it is going to go up before it goes down because the body's going to go, come on, come on, come on, please. And eventually somewhere in your head, you're going to go, this just isn't worth the effort or you're going to find something else to do. When I was in college, I minored in behavior modification and we had a pigeon and we spent an entire semester teaching our little pigeon how to hokey pokey. And you're going to learn about shaping next session. Basically, when our pigeon wanted food, it would do what it knew how to do to get food, which was peck a lever. But if it pecked a lever and it didn't get food, it would be very, and this is a feeling word, confused, and it would peck the lever again. Then it would start to get very animated and it would peck the lever again. And eventually we would reward whatever behavior we were hoping that it would do. Any form of acting out is generally sort of some level of an extinction burst. It started out small and it's been rewarded to this point. I see it in my kids martial arts classes. There's a younger kids class that's there beforehand. And some kids come out of class and they demand things from their parents and they're just like, we're going to go over to Dunkin Donuts and get a donut right now. And the parent goes, okay, I'm like, really? Okay. Because that's been rewarded in that particular child. The behavior ceases when the demands or costs of the behavior exceed the potential reward. Think about behaviors you've tried to do, starting an exercise program. You're doing it, you're feeling good, but you're starting to hurt a little bit. You start to have other priorities come up that, you know, have to get done. So it becomes less of a priority, which means it's adding stress and it's less rewarding. And on top of that, you're just starting to feel tired. So the rewards of going to the gym, unless you've implemented some, are starting to fade. Which is why a lot of people fade on their New Year's resolutions because they don't keep those rewards going strong and remind themselves of what they want to do. And yes, we're adults, but we also need rewards. I mean, if we're going to stay motivated. Promotion can be one way to keep people motivated and treatment. So if you've got somebody who's in treatment and they're starting to kind of flounder, we need to say, what can we do to present a more viable or a more rewarding reward to you? Why is this unpleasant to you right now? What is more rewarding? And finally, the premac principle. Concurrently pairing something undesirable with something desirable.  The premac principle says you do them at the same time. Doing laundry while watching television. These are some of mine. I don't like folding laundry. I don't mind washing it, but I don't really like folding it. But if I watch television at the same time, it takes my mind off of it. Exercise gives people some socialization opportunities. So positive socialization, not so happy exercise sometimes. Or you can exercise with your dog. Or it gives you time to be out in nature when I go trail running. Some days I just am not wanting to go to the gym. And the trail runs I can at least do and hope I see a bunny rabbit. Studying, for me, studying at home was just not rewarding at all. But when I would go to the library, there was sort of this peer pressure because everybody was studying. And it was also rewarding just to be in an environment where there was some movement and I wasn't feeling totally isolated because that's the extrovert in me. Cleaning with music, you know, put on your headphones, rock out while you're cleaning. Or watch TV. Aromatherapy, if you clean with essential oils, it can also boost your mood. Depends on what works for you. Going to work if there's something you really don't want to do at work.  Even though it's decaf now, I like my coffee. So if I've got to do a task that I really don't want to do, I make sure I have a good cup of coffee. Some of our clients don't like going to meetings. You know, 12-step meetings, smart recovery meetings, celebrate recovery meetings, whatever kind of support group meetings they need to go to. Sometimes they don't like going to group. But let's say whatever it is you don't want to go to. I ask my clients, I'm like, well, you got to go because the court says so or it's in your treatment plan or generally you enjoy doing it. So on those days that you don't want to go, ask yourself when you're walking out or when you're in the meeting, what parts of this are beneficial to me right now? What parts of this can I relate to? What parts of this are useful? And then write them down when you're done. Some people, my daughter, tends to focus better and I do the same thing. So I know she's telling the truth when she doodles. And when I teach them, we're going through a lesson on marketing right now. And when I'm talking to them, she's sitting there doodling. She's hearing everything I'm saying, but it makes her able to focus a lot more. She's got something to do with her hands. So that's another example of the premac principle. If I made her just sit there and stare at me, she'd be ready to pull her hair out. So we're going to apply it on a couple of things. What you're seeing right now, you probably recognize as a decisional balance exercise. In general, you want to look at the benefits of the old behavior. These are the reasons the old behavior was rewarding and the person was motivated to engage in it. So whatever the alternative is, has to meet that same need to that same degree. I always tell people when you are doing something, it's always in competition with something else.  That's probably not going to work. Let's try a banana. If you are used to be a couch potato and you're going to go out and exercise, maybe the gym's not for you. Maybe you would prefer to go on a bike ride. So something that has some rewarding capacity to it. Drawbacks. Drawbacks to the old behavior are the reasons the old behavior is punishing. These need to be strengthened and highlighted and additional punishments may be considered. These are the reasons the person wants to change. So we need to highlight these and go, remember, walk it through. If you want to take a drink, just one drink. How's that worked for you before? It's just one drink is turned into just six drinks and then you don't make it home.  Yeah, when you play the story all the way through, it doesn't sound so good. So making sure the person remembers the drawbacks to the old behavior. I have them write them down in a journal to review if they start going, you know, maybe my drinking wasn't so bad. Well, let's look at that journal there. The benefit to the new behavior. These are the reasons the new behaviors rewarding and need to be strengthened. If we're going to say, all right, we don't want you to do drugs anymore. What are we going to do instead that helps the person escape from whatever the pain is and is rewarding enough that they're going to choose it over the drugs. Now you have the combination there because, you know, generally the person has had some negative experiences or consequences of the drugs. So they don't want to lose their kids. They don't want to go back to jail. And they do want to figure out how to make that pain go away, not just stop using, but they want to figure out how to make the pain go away. So that's good. We can put that in the benefits to the new behavior. And finally, the one that almost nobody considers is the reasons the new behavior is punishing. Why don't I want to do it? These are drains on people's energy. It's like, oh, I don't want to do it today. You can address this with the premac principle, just as if people are going to meetings and they don't want to go. What else can you get out of it? Socialization. It's time where you're in a safe environment where you're not using. It is meeting your criteria for your court mandated X and so. So you can look at some benefits to the behavior, but you do want to identify all the reasons. The person may not really want to do this behavior. Some of them we can fix. And some of them we've got to decide if they're going to live with or not going back to my daughter. Like I said, if I made her sit there and listen to me lecture, she's 12. She's not a college student. She's not into lectures when I lecture all the time because I'm her mother. But if I want her to hear what I'm saying, letting her doodle is a way to make it more pleasant for her. Now, she's not necessarily doodling about anything that I'm saying. So I don't know if it is really opening up any other learning pathways, but it definitely keeps her more engaged in what's going on. Social withdrawal. A lot of our clients, if they've got depression, anxiety disorders or addictions, you know, this is a common behavior that we want to identify. Social withdrawal is rewarding mainly due to negative reinforcement. They're eliminating unpleasant things. So the benefits of social withdrawal, they avoid extra stress. You know, at a certain point, you're just like, you don't even want to get on Facebook. You don't want to turn on the news. You don't want to open the curtains. You just can't take any more input. They don't have to worry about disappointing anyone. Social withdrawal may increase depression a little bit, but it's better than being overwhelmed and exhausted all the time. Benefit of social withdrawal?  You know, I'm home. I've got the windows closed. Nobody's coming over, not answering the phone. I can spend more time with Fluffy or my dogs or my parents or whatever it is. And I won't burden anyone else. A lot of our clients with addictive or mental health issues feel like reaching out to other people burdens them. So social withdrawal makes them not feel guilty. It makes them not feel overwhelmed. It doesn't fix anything, but it doesn't add any extra stress. What's the drawback to social withdrawal? It's not a whole lot of drawbacks except for it doesn't help. It just kind of leaves them stuck in this point. And again, it may increase depression a little bit. So what do we want to do? We want to look at how to address some of the benefits of social withdrawal. Like it helps them avoid extra stress. Okay. How can you engage with others in a way that is not going to cause extra stress? Facebook may not be it. Getting online may not be it. Going to a meeting may be helpful. There may be one or two people that you know you can engage with and it's not going to end up being an exhausting mess. So what can we do there? Won't disappoint anyone. So that's an issue we can address. It's a therapeutic issue about who are you disappointing? And in what way are you disappointing them? How can you address that? And do you really care? You know, if someone is being judgmental or if they think that you are a disappointment, let's talk about that relationship and is there something you can do about it? How can we deal with it? Maybe the person loves spending time with their cats.  They're cute. I enjoy spending time with them. So if they start socializing, they need to spend time with people who aren't allergic to cats. And then, again, the burdening anyone else is a therapeutic issue that you would need to work through with the person. So they're not constantly fearful of engaging with others because they don't want to burden them. How you do that is going to be up to you and the client and what works for them. So the drawbacks, it doesn't help. We want to keep going back to that if the person continues to stay withdrawn. We want to point out the logic of you're continuing to stay withdrawn and you seem to feel stuck. So let's look at some new behaviors. Maybe we haven't found the right one yet. So a new behavior would be social support. It's a good buffer against stress, but you've got to find the right social support system. Not one that's going to drain you. You don't want to go back to those old people places and things. Social support can increase positive neurotransmitters like serotonin and oxytocin. Oxytocin is kind of your bonding neurotransmitter. And when you're around other people, you can laugh. Some ways to start integrating this is to have a person have people try it in small doses or have them do things like go to a safe place when they are trying out, reaching out and being more social. One of the IOPs that I worked with had sort of a clubhouse room, if you want to call it that, where people could come when it wasn't group time or if it was group time, they could come obviously if they weren't in that group and hang out. It was a safe place. It had safe internet access. There were no drugs. There was staff around that could interface with them and they wouldn't feel as isolated. But it also wasn't a situation where they were having to put on a happy face and try to be something for somebody. Drawbacks to these behaviors. Some people will disappoint you. Even if you're in the safest situation, sometimes it's going to be disappointing and it happens. Not everyone will understand how you feel or what's going on with you. That's true. And sometimes you may feel needy at first. All three of these are really issues that we can address in counseling about disappointments and looking at the frequency. Yes, this person disappointed you this time or didn't respond the way you wanted. How frequent is that? Is that like all the time or did they just, you know, they were off that day? So we can address these issues. We want to eliminate as much as we can the drawbacks to the new behaviors. We want to enhance the likelihood that the new behavior is going to be rewarding. So we want to enhance these benefits. We want to help them see how it can buffer against stress. Therapeutic recreation is an awesome activity and an awesome way to help people learn how to have fun when they're clean and sober. A lot of my clients had never actually played volleyball or watched a football game or done anything like that sober, or at least it had been decades. So when they came and they were in treatment, we got them playing card games. We got them playing chess and checkers and doing arts and crafts and then going outside. We had a ropes course. We had a cornhole. We had different activities that they could do and hang out and talk to one another. And it wasn't like they were talking about stuff or issues. They were just hanging out and they learned how to have fun and being less self-conscious in that environment. Explosive anger. Benefits. It gives people power. It pushes away the threat and the person gets their own way. So we want to look at how can we reduce the benefits when somebody explodes. Make sure they don't get their own way. Try to help them look at whether they wanted to push away the threat and examine the type of power that they're actually getting. Drawbacks to explosive anger. It's exhausting. You know, if you have these blow-ups all the time, it's exhausting. It alienates people, which takes away your social support, which is a buffer, makes it difficult to get genuine feedback. If you're working for somebody who explodes all the time and they ask you for your feedback, are you really going to give them 100% honest feedback? Are you going to tell them what you think they want to hear to prevent the explosion? So explosive anger is something that people need to deal with. In addiction, a lot of clients, when they are not able to get their addiction, their addictive substance or engage in their addictive behavior, will become somewhat volatile. So it's important to understand the motivations behind the behavior, what they're trying to do. They're trying to bully me into letting them get to their addiction of choice. We want to look at the benefits and reinforce these. It gives people time to get past the adrenaline surge and think clearly. Well, that's all well and good. You know, we can look at it in retrospect and go, yeah, it was probably a better decision. It doesn't feel so good in the moment. So encouraging people to journal after they call a friend, take a walk or journal about how it felt to react differently is going to go a long way towards helping them realize that there are alternate behaviors that can be less exhausting and less alienating. It enables people to make better long-term decisions because they're not acting in that adrenaline haze. So have them replay the scenarios. If you would have exploded, what would have been the outcome?  And it enhances teamwork and communication. It's really hard to communicate or to negotiate with someone who has to have absolute power all the time. The downsides, they can feel vulnerable because they're not in that power position and they're asking for help or they're asking for input. And somebody may tell them exactly what they think and they may be taken advantage of. It happens. So how do they deal with these things? We need to make sure to head these two things off at the pass. So enhancing whatever they're doing instead of exploding has to have some calming features to it. And help them ultimately get the power or the resolution that is doable. It may not be the one they necessarily wanted, but it's the resolution that's going to get them towards their goals for where they want to be. And I keep saying towards their goals if you took the acceptance and commitment therapy class with me, you know that people have a decision to make whenever they're getting ready to engage in a behavior. Is that behavior or is that reaction moving them closer to their goals or further away? And so that's an easy way to bring it back to clients all the time that they can do on the fly and say, is this getting me closer to? And emotional eating. People love food. Food's good. I love food. It's comforting. It releases dopamine and serotonin and it's easily available. So I can see where it's an easy go to. Drawbacks for people. Weight gain. Feel bloated. Some people feel weak if they eat too much. The problem's still there. If you eat too late at night, it can disrupt your sleep.  So we want to highlight these and say, OK, these are the reasons you want to change this behavior. So let's look at the coping behaviors. What are you going to do instead? And the person's going to have to choose something. And I always say choose three alternate behaviors. But these coping behaviors can help the person eat when they're hungry instead of when they're stressed out and in their kind of zone, if you will. They're kind of in an adrenaline haze. They'll be able to enjoy the food that they're eating because they're actually eating because they're hungry. They're going to taste it instead of just kind of trying to numb the pain and get as much stimulus as possible to not focus on whatever they're trying to avoid focusing on. And the coping behaviors by their very nature assist in addressing the problem. Kind of like the open wound on the arm. If you keep putting a band-aid on it, you're going to keep covering it up and yeah, you may not notice it. But until you address the problem, whatever caused the oozing wound in the first place, it's probably not going to get better. So you're going to be stuck in this loop. The drawbacks, compulsions are hard to overcome and coping behaviors are not as satisfying most of the time. So we need to figure out a way to look at the drawbacks to the old behavior plus the benefits to the new behavior in order to make it worth the person's effort, which is what we call motivation. So motivational interviewing really plays on a lot of punishment and reinforcement concepts. If you eliminate a behavior, you have to replace it with at least one, preferably three new ones. People are motivated for rewards and to avoid punishment. I don't like pain. Now there are some things that I have to do because ultimately there's a reward out there or I'm avoiding punishment. I don't like paying bills. You know, I find it tedious. But if I don't, I'd get my lights turned off and my credit score would go into the toilet. So there are outstanding rewards there. Decisional balance exercises can help people make new behaviors rewarding and old behaviors less rewarding. Reinforcers must be reinforcing to the person. A person who has a history of being in and out of jail and they feel pretty comfortable in there and they know all the corrections officers, avoiding being in jail may not be a real big reward for them. And you know, it isn't for some people. Or the example I gave earlier, giving 25 bucks to Donald Trump, he's going to look at you like whatever. So the reinforcer must be reinforcing to the person. And likewise, punishments must be unpleasant to the person.  Rewards and punishments can be emotional, mental, physical, social, spiritual, financial, environmental and I probably forgot some. So if clients are having difficulty finding rewards, not only rewards for their new behavior, but identifying what's maintaining their old behavior, have them look through each one of these areas and they'll probably get some greater clarity. If you enjoy this podcast, please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on YouTube. You can attend and participate in our live webinars with Dr. Snipes by subscribing at allCEUs.com slash Counselor Toolbox. This episode has been brought to you in part by AllCEUs.com, providing 24-7 multimedia continuing education and pre-certification training to counselors, therapists and nurses since 2006.


This is Sackimer 10119. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2017 Ram 2500 crew cab short box. This is a Laramie Sport and from this HD video you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around inside and out. Delmonico Red is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on now because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle before actually seeing it in person. It comes with the 20 inch painted alloy rims, Firestone Transforce LT28560R20 tires and these front tires are brand new on here. We've got all the chuds, still got the little rare knobs. The frame and underbody looks really nice and clean. The truck has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. Laramie package gives you the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights. The Sport package gives you the painted front bumper, the painted grille, the blacked out Ram emblem. You get the front bumper parking sensors, the blacked out headlight bezels, the blacked out Cummins logo and Ram 2500 logo. No dents or dings on that passenger fender and the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes. Really nice and clean. As you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises because you'll have watched a full seven minute video, looked at all the photos. Frame and underbody is very clean on this truck, has all the remaining factory exhaust, lower rockers all look really good. Comes with some aftermarket painted step bars, back rim, no scuffs or scrapes and the back tires have probably about I'd say 50 to 60% of the tread left on them. The rest of the frame and underbody looks really good as well. Get the fender flares with the Laramie package. Sport package gives you the blacked out 4x4 and the blacked out Ram emblem on the tailgate backup parking sensors. Full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and that tailgate is in really nice shape. No dents or dings on that backup camera. Locking tailgate has a shock assist down, shock on it, has a turbo liner spray and bed liner LED bed lights and that bed is in really really nice clean condition. Don't see any major dents or dings and just really nice spray and bed liner too. As you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side it also does have a bumper stem step on it. Down this side very clean as well no dents or dings on the box and this back rim is in excellent shape for full disclosure no scuffs or scrapes on that. Down the rest of the side of the truck you can see just how nice that paint is, no dents on the doors, has the fold out tow mirrors. These go out like so and I believe they are power-fold in as well so you just press the button here and they'll power fold in like that. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors.  Both of these seats are heated, both of these seats are cooled, does have a memory driver's seat, lumbar and of course power seats. Carpeting is real clean underneath the weather tech floor mats, auto headlamps and power pedals. As we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has 18,801 miles. You get the 7-inch TFT display, outside temperature and compass display as well as a digital speedometer. You get the heated leather-wrapped steering wheel, no scuffs or scrapes on that, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and on the back of the steering wheel are audio controls. It comes with the six-speed automatic transmission, the 8.4 3C radio with the factory navigation system. This one has AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities.  You can access that backup camera at any time and then you of course have your factory navigation, your climate control, all that good stuff. Down here is your more tactile climate control, factory brake controller, heated cooled seats, heated steering wheel buttons, stability control, tow haul, factory exhaust brake and then those rear and front bumper sensors, you can turn those off or not. It does have 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in and it does come with the Alpine sound system, premium sound system which gives you the speakers in the in the roof and the factory subwoofer. There's that speaker in the roof, headliner is nice and clean, no rips or tears in that. It has the map lights, power sliding rear window and your home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, assist and 911 in the rear view mirror. Our features of the vehicle that you never have to pay a subscription for. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats, there are no rips, there are no tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for your car seats, power sliding rear window, very very clean. This truck's never been smoked and smells very clean inside. These back seats on the outboard side are heated, they're your heated seat buttons and we do have a weather tech floor mat that covers all of the floor back here. It has two in-floor storage bins, one on each side with removable containers for easy cleaning so you can put ice and drinks in there and have too many coolers wherever you go. And finally we do have a load floor which is also a nice feature. What are you going to use a load floor for?  We'll take a quick look under the hood. I'd personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. I know it's a little windy out but hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. Engine base very clean runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. Truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot from two different locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more heavy-duty truck videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom. A link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to help you with this super clean 2017 Ram 2500 crew cab short box Laramie Sport Cummins diesel. Thanks again.


So I'm a good start today's game with the black pieces seemed like a clean win. Oh, no I mean, I hope it was a clean win. It certainly felt messy. I wasn't always sure what was going on After D takes C5 Bishop takes C5 E3 Knight takes E3. It's just messy. I mean, I'm guessing the computer will say blacks better I mean, he does have material up and stuff But I was just I saw these ghosts with 94 Queen g4 and horrible things happening, but I think once he went 92 Queen g5 it's already starting to turn in my favor and When he played Queen b3, I think this loses to just Queen takes b5, but Queen b1. I couldn't bust at least not at the board I mean, maybe I'm winning somehow, but I didn't see it He also I think if he had played e3 instead of D takes c5 I think white's definitely not worse there, but I was happy enough with my play Right now you were here last in 2010 you were telling me and now you're back This is your first time in Gibraltar as a grandmaster. What brings you back after so many years? Well It's for a while. I was in school. So I couldn't really play because it was conflicting with the school year and then Last year, I guess I could have played and I chose not to the year before I was going to play actually But I got an invite to like and say whichever left and Stuart was nice enough to let me play that instead So yeah, it's just been a long time I guess the four years of school the one why can say and then one time? I chose not to but I'm certainly glad to be back. It's really nice here early days But have you had a look around how do you find it till now? Well, I went to the rock the day before the Herman started and that was awesome I'm definitely enjoying it more now than I what I did then. I mean at the time. I was just like 18 or something I didn't really know what I was doing I didn't have anyone to go around take care of me So I kind of just stayed in the room and like and I played decent chess I suppose but I didn't really have much fun But so far here. I'm enjoying myself more having better food. I got to go to the rock, you know and Well, there's a lot of runs to go, but I think I'm showing pretty decent form so far a big result of the Olympiad to the US team as well in Baku. How's life changed after that? Not as much as I would have liked. I would like you know get invited to the White House and all that But that certainly didn't happen But you know it's certainly nice to have another gold medal in my trophy case at home Now you also heard that you were working with Magnus for the World Championship. How was that as an experience? Well, obviously I can't comment too much on it. I can't comment on it specifically what I was doing But it was really eye-opening to work with him He has a reputation sort of for being pretty lazy and it's somewhat deserved But I think people also underestimate just how much he works and the quality of his preparation He probably doesn't put as many sheer hours in his other people But one he's really focused on chess He's very driven and he produces a lot in a short amount of time and well I certainly learned a lot from it But yeah, I probably shouldn't comment more than that. Well, thanks for that And this is your first event of the year your expectations are how important is it for you? Well, it's certainly nice to play well in the first event and there's a lot of prize money in this one So I'd like to do well, but Ultimately, you know, even if I crash and burn this event or if I win it either way I'm the same distance from 2800 and that's the ultimate goal So really I'm just trying to play good chess challenge myself as much as I can and Yeah, the rest will just come. We wish you all the very best. Thank you very much. Thanks much


are one off decisions that we make, we designate one community at a time. RPCs have done a lot of work in their regional plans. We make a pretty significant investment in regional plans. They have future land use maps already. I think you heard from the RPCs last week. But just with some efforts on consistency and working, you know, with their member municipalities. We could take something that they do already and map it to this other so to speak to this other purpose. And I think that will be a huge savings in time. We'll approve regions at a time. So, you know, potentially, you know, 50 to 100 communities at once, rather than one off. So I think that will save a lot of time. Being the gatekeeper while it's valuable to have the state oversight and that's still envisioned in this process. It does just take a lot of time. And as Jacob mentioned, we'd much rather help communities do these projects and make some things happen. Rather than doing the process. Representative bond guards 2, 2 things 1 very quick. If you have free limited service positions. How long do they last? It's a great question. You had them. Well, we've had them for maybe, I think, I want to say 2 years. But it's been incredibly challenging to recruit people during the pandemic.  So there's not been a consistent capacity within our division. Many of the ARPA positions, I think, expire in 2025, I think, and I think they're all slated to put that. In fact, down to 5. Oh, okay. Yeah, included the 3. See me back down to 5. Okay. So, just to make sure we. All in the same page about how this all fits together because you talked about that. So if I just want to try to articulate this and see if I. I think I have it right. But. So, we have the, both the NRP report and your report. Really. Shift some ways the way we do business by really having it start with the future when I do snaps. And giving them much. I think a role in that in that town and region of working out what's where. And the designated so that the parts of the designate downtown for. Back on the governance side. Part about the core and the NDA using different from now it's. So, that would be based on 1st on the future land use maps. Then they would apply to the talking about making some changes to those 2 levels of destination, right? And then the 3rd level of designation, if you will, I'm just using my own language here. Which would involve regulatory relief would be applied for. For 1st through your board, but then then the town would apply town and region would apply. To the whatever board we end up calling with the current NRP. For the regulatory relief in some portion. Of that area that those 2 put together, right? So there's a. Okay, so it's a really. It's all dependent on future when these maps. You do the 1st level, but then in order to gain the regulatory relief, that's a separate process to the, okay. Yeah. And what this addresses is, I think this committee is well known. The designation programs became kind of a proxy area for for active 50 relief. Because that we could never give any agreement. So what if I can go kind of go 1 more. What portion of this you talked about this taking years to unfold what portion of this. Is particularly valuable and your, you needs to get in place this year. Doing our work. Our goal is, you know, we need to get the mapping process rolling because that's as you noted is drives all the other pieces so without that, we're kind of blind. We would like to get the basic designation revised designation framework past. It will take us time to develop new applications, new guidelines, new process, or how communities apply for how the process works. And that will take probably several years to implement, but you know, if anything is possible getting the framework past this year that sets us up for future work or reporting back as you see fit on how this is implemented is what we need. And I think you know, you know, represent bongars has a bill h 683 that kind of lays out this basic framework sort of how do we how do we how would we envision implementing this. I guess I'm kind of curious about back to the better benefits offering slide, which is 38. The assistance, you have current benefits, 20 plus assistance options and then consolidated into something called review and improve, which I'm not quite sure about. I'd like to know what you mean by that in the slide and then is there in this large report. An outline of these current benefits are not an outline, but actual in depth, like, what are they? Yes. And then, okay, great. And so can you just tell me what does review and improve me on this slide. I'm on, sorry, I'm on a different slide. Yeah, that was renew and renew and improve. Other lower right hand corner review and improve. It's 20 plus assistance and then it sugars off to review and approve, which I just need an interpretation. So my understanding that would be. And it goes back to you may remember the last prior years. We brought the table requirements and benefits and we actually we took out that slide we shouldn't have. But, but there are maybe 20 different benefits programs. Most of them are financial or regulatory, but then there are other assistance like direct direct visit from the downtown coordinator to the downtown to 23 downtown organizations. So, this is an opportunity with the shift that we think about how those types of small, small or ancillary benefits can best deployed to meet housing needs to meet their climate challenges to meet. To meet the infrastructure needs of communities. Is that, is that. It's true. I don't know it's your slide idea what it's. Sorry, my response. I love the reference into in this in the report. The slide you left out perhaps is that in the report or we have a much much longer slide deck and I think we tried to truncate quickly beforehand because our time that shut shut down so. The slide deck used, what was this, the longer one was set up for who the longer one we presented it to our advisor group. So we had a group of about, say about 20 different stakeholders was presented to them in December. This basically right track wrong track on report and file of recommendations. I had a consultant. Yes. Right. Further questions. Sure. This is the beginning of a conversation. So, I hope so. Thank you for being flexible on our timing today and for doing all this work at a sprint and not as a marathon. Thank you for your support and if there's additional questions will. I think we'll give you the full more comprehensive slide deck for you to review if you have more questions, you know how to fund this. So, thank you for your time. Thank you very much. Members before we go before we adjourn, I just want to say that I'm Gabrielle's provided me a draft letter. Yeah, that I'm going to read and then expect to see that coming up in for a group conversation here. I can find it in my desk. Continuing thoughts on bills that we may move to other committees that we went through yesterday. My inclination is to move a couple of those. I haven't finished my thinking on it. And if you have again, I'm open to your input on it. We'll talk about that perhaps we have some time this afternoon. And other public service announcements that you look like you might want to share something. Barbi down 911. I wonder if we should hear enough. Yeah, no, for today. Today. I don't think Bernie is available, but we're just getting one through of what that is. Okay. And here's because we're going to get the other funding. Good. All right. With that, I'm not seeing any comments from you all. We will adjourn for lunch.