Marian, shall we begin the session? Yes, let's begin. Okay, hello to everybody. I'm Mikhail Kiselev. I'm coordinator of postgraduate unit. And I would like to welcome you to question and answer session. And this time we are really going to proceed with questions and answers as much as possible. And before we begin, let me introduce you to some people whom you see in the list. So Marian is head of public information office. Hello. So Patricia Pazarela and Sandra Alemanovich, Secretaries of Postgraduate Diploma Office. Hello. Hello, Patricia. Hello, Sandra. Then we have five coordinators who are present. So Giovanni Villador, High Energy Physics, and Astroparticles. Hi, Giovanni. Lotter Götze, head of program in mathematics. Antonio Cilani, head of the program in quantitative life science. Riccardo Farnetti is head of program in Earth system physics. And myself is coordinator of the program in condensed metaphysics. So we proceed the following way. First of all, I would kindly request all participants to register with their full names. Second, when you want to ask a question, please raise your hand. You see in the menu the possibility to raise your hand.  Then you proceed with your name with a section you are going to apply if applicable. And with a question which you would like to ask. So in addition to the new applicants, there are two groups of participants who are present today. These are representative of present students. There are five of them. Maybe if necessary, they will answer your questions. And then there are alumni, our alumni colleagues who are now well-known scientists. So there are several persons. I especially appreciate their participation. Pavel, Favzi, Angela, Rafi, Narayan, and Manjil. So if there will be question to our alumni, I will give a room to them. And then Shayla Perouz, representative of director office, is also present. So I would like to make the introduction as short as possible because the most of information can be collected from the ICTP website. And please visit diploma at ictp.it or www.ictp.it. There you can find the name of coordinator. If we will not be able to answer all questions during this one hour session, please feel free to contact a corresponding coordinator or myself to answer your question or to diploma office or to any person whom you find important to answer your question. Please also see the home page of diploma office that there is frequently asked questions. So maybe the question which you are going to ask is already answered there. Therefore, I would really appreciate if you ask some questions and you are asking for information which you cannot find in one of two ICTP websites. OK, so let's start with a question and answer. Who is going to ask the first question? Oh, please, John, are you please unmute your microphone and turn off your camera if possible. If broadband connection permits. Good afternoon. We cannot hear you well. Please. So if necessary, you can type your question in the chat. And if the connection is so bad, I will probably read this question. So let's proceed with Muhammad. Yes, am I audible? Yes. We can hear you. I'm Muhammad Arshad Patan and I'm applying for condensed matter of physics. I had a question that do both my referees need to provide a letter or only one will suffice? General question, although I'm also from condensed matter.  In principle, we expect that both referees provide the recommendation letter, but they will be contacted independently. Okay. Do you want to say something? I'm doing the. Um, so, uh, Tasnim, Jaren, please. Yes, sir. Good evening to everyone. So my name is Tasnim Zarin, and I am applying for high energy physics. So my, I have three questions. Uh, so my first question is, uh, do our recommenders need to be from the field theoretical physics itself? And, uh, the second question is, uh, do we need to have published papers? And, uh, my third question is, uh, which is the most important part of the application on the basis of which the decision is made? Okay. Thank you very much. I will ask Giovanni to answer. Yes. Welcome sir. Yes. Uh, the answer to the first question is, uh, not so the referees don't need to be in, uh, necessarily in high energy or theoretical physics. There can be any professors that, uh, know you well enough to write a sensible. The combination. Uh, the question number two. Also the answer is no, you don't need to have any published papers. And, uh, connected with question three, basically what we look at, uh, where we look at many things. So there's not just a single thing that determine who we select.  And of course, also, we use the reference letters to judge and, uh, the scale and, uh, yeah, and then of course, uh, various other smaller, uh, uh, requirements, but, uh, course English and stuff. Then the final selection is, selection is mostly based also on the actual interviews. So we usually, um, select, uh, some, uh, uh, short list of applicants based on this, uh, uh, criteria I just told you. And, uh, after that, we actually interview them via Skype or Zoom. And depending on the interview, basically the final selection. Um, thank you, Giovanni. Um, I will be reading a few questions from the chat. Uh, the first question, uh, from John who was unable to connect is also related to high energy physics session. So I'm reading my name is John, a review from Nigeria. I'm looking to apply for high energy physics. I'm 28 years old and I just completed my bachelor last December. My transcript is not available yet for upload. What can I do as there is a slim chance that transcript is ready before the application closes? Thank you. Yeah, I don't know how to answer, of course, uh, the more information we have, the higher the chances, uh, uh, someone is to select. If you don't have enough information to select, uh, of course, uh, it will be harder. So the transcripts is one of the most important part of the selection is the pre-selection about the age and the father, your bachelor also depends how long your bachelor was. If it's just three years or since some countries longer, like five years. And, uh, we don't have a sharp age constraint, but, uh, of course we take into account also, uh, the country when one is from and, uh, also the previous experience. 28 years could be, uh, it's not too, too old for, for the problem. Of course depends on the, uh, on the curriculum. Thank you. Thank you, Giovanni. I see that many messages pop up in the chat. I strongly encourage to use chat only if the connection is very bad. Uh, we appreciate if you show up on a screen and ask us your question. Um, the second question in the chat is related to the previous one. Are the undergraduate students in their final year are eligible? Um, as already said, it's very important to have a transcript available in the stage of, um, uh, uh, selection. Uh, therefore, uh, if you are able to show us your, uh, transcript, um, uh, in exceptional case of the bachelor, again, it depends on section. It depends on prerequisites, namely the, um, field you are applying and, uh, the, uh, subjects which, uh, you had, um, um, that's basically, uh, the answer. Uh, now I'm giving the floor to, uh, those people who stay, um, in the Cune. So the next one is Uyen Tinley. Uyen, please. Uh, hello, my name is Uyen Tinley and I'm from Bhutan. Uh, I've recently graduated from my college, uh, uh, with a background of peace and physics and I like to, uh, and I, and I have applied for the course, uh, at high energy astrophysics and cosmology, cosmology. And am I feeling this form? I came across that we need some kind of English proficiency at this, but I just, because I don't have this proficiency at this, and I just put it, my degree marks it because I'm really okay or not. How am I doing? Okay. Okay. So the question is about if proficiency, uh, certificate is important, not, so Giovanni, maybe you say. So this is a English proficiency, I guess. Yeah. Um, yes, sir. I'm not sure about the actual role in the diploma. Uh, I mean, any kind of certificate which gives proof of your ability to follow advanced level courses to study in English language will do. I mean, uh, certificate that your degree is conducted in English, uh, or document written by your supervisor will also do. I mean, as I mean, enter course in my entire course, it was, it was ordered in English. It was ordered in English, but I don't know. Can you ask, I mean, a faculty member to write a statement for you on your behalf. About your proficiency. This will be sufficient. You can upload that kind of certificate. Just a statement from a faculty member. Okay. Thank you very much. Let us proceed with the next question. I'm reading from chat. Uh, do my recommenders needs to be from the university or they can be anyone under whom I have worked. Uh, and the question is from Mary gank. Uh, she's hard. Uh, so the answer is, uh, it's not necessarily to be from the university, but it should be scientist or lecturer or anybody from educational or, um, research, um, department who know you sufficiently well to say us few words about you. Um, I hope I answered your question. The next one is from the queue. Muhammad, um, Muhammad, I mean, please unmute your microphone and ask a question.  Hello. Can you hear me? Yes, please. Okay. Uh, so my name is I mean, and I'm from Algeria. Uh, I have two questions. Uh, the first one is, uh, how much does the experience weight on our applications? And the second one is, uh, so last year I applied and they did a mistake. I think I asked too many professors to, to write me recommendation letters. I had like seven recommendation letter in my experience in my application. And, uh, this year I'm afraid that I won't be able to get two or three because, uh, you know, I asked the professors and maybe they will reject me.  So I don't expect the others to, to do the, to, to, to, to write me a recommendation letter. So is it enough like to have only one or two? Which section are you going to apply? Oh, sorry. I didn't mention that. Uh, I'm applying for condensed metaphysics. So condensed metaphysics. So then I probably answer your question. Sorry. Tell me your first question, because the second one was very long and the first one was short. And the first question. Yeah. I'm sorry. So the first question is how much does the experience weight on our applications? Because I come from a theoretical background. So we didn't have much experience with like laboratory or even research. Like the, the only thing I did is my fee and masters to this because, because I have a master's not a bachelor degree. Well, uh, you don't have master yet, but you have a bachelor degree. So I already have a, I already have a master right now. Look, um, uh, to answer first question, uh, please, please submit your application.  And we will see, uh, whether, uh, you, uh, fulfill, uh, the prerequisites and conditions or not. There will be selection committee, which will evaluate your application and decide. Um, the experience. Uh, my understanding is that, uh, what kind of courses you had. Um, of course you understand that this is a postgraduate program and this is a postgraduate program in theoretical physics. So what important, what is more important for us in condensed matter section is a quantum mechanics. Um, in the basic and also advanced level statistical mechanics. Um, in the basics and advanced, um, uh, level, um, calculus. Uh, some mass techniques. So we will see your grades, um, uh, concerning recommendation, uh, letters. We still, uh, assume that you will find, uh, two or three, uh, senior persons who will recommend you.  Um, and ask him or her, uh, to be available to submit recommendation, uh, letter, uh, for you. And then after your application is completed, uh, ICT people contact this person, uh, automatically, uh, to ask him or her to send the recommendation, uh, letter. So, uh, we still assume that you will nominate three person and you agreed with this person that they are ready to submit a letter for you. Okay. Thank you. Have a good day. Thank you. Um, uh, let me read one question from the chat. Um, uh, there are a few messages saying hello. I'm sorry. This is not a question. Um, I hope that the long message is a question. One of the requirement for the postgraded program is bachelor grades besides the master grades, which one is the most important part for the selection. Uh, thank you. Um, you didn't mention, uh, there's a question from, uh, T. Eman. Uh, you didn't mention which section you're applying, um, and the answer about which grades are most important depends on, on the section. Uh, so we welcome, uh, the application, um, uh, uh, from the master level, but in the exceptional case, um, bachelor applications, uh, can be submitted and will be considered and evaluated. Again, the answer to your question is please apply. We evaluate your application and see whether, uh, you, um, are competent enough, uh, to, uh, be a part of the postgraduate program. Uh, thank you. The next one in the queue is, um, uh, Adriel Cousy. So Muhammad, uh, we answered your question. Please remove your hand from the list. Otherwise you are staying first. So Adriel Cousy. Hello. Uh, hello. Am I audible? Please, please. We can hear you. Okay. Okay. Um, hello. I am Adriel Cousy. I'm from the Philippines. I am interested in applying for the quantitative life sciences program. So that's QLS. Uh, I noticed in the application form that we need to add our grades for biophysics. Unfortunately, we do not have biophysics courses in our university. So I am curious if this is a prerequisite for the QLS diploma program. And would it reflect badly on my application that I do not have this course or I have not taken this course? Yeah. Thank you. Antonio, please. Uh, thank you. Thank you for the question. Uh, so it's, it's absolutely not a prerequisite. So if, uh, you have had courses in biophysics, then it's fine. If you are not, uh, um, if you're selected, you would come here and I think that there was to learn about this. Uh, so all this, uh, uh, course that we listed are courses in which, uh, some background knowledge is welcome, but it's absolutely not a real breaker if you have not been exposed to any of those fields. Is that okay? Yes. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Um, the next question is, uh, for Mortridge Majumdar, please. Um, yeah. Hi. I hope you can hear me. Uh, so I'm from India and I also wanted to apply for, uh, quantitative life sciences and my question was very similar. So my background is actually in mathematics and computer science and I've worked on a few problems, uh, related to mathematical biology and so on, but I haven't necessarily taken all the courses in the prerequisites list, like statistical physics and so on. So I wanted to know like what kind of an effect would, um, working on like previous problems or like resource problems related to the field, but not having taken those courses, uh, would have on the application. So it's very similar to the previous question. Thanks. Thank you. As you, as you might have noticed, I mean, I'm speaking to the ones that will consider applying to the QLS. We have a very broad spectrum of this place. So we cover from biophysics to machine learning, going through neuroscience. So it's, uh, absolutely our expectation that you are not competent in any of those fields. So the point is that, uh, you might be, uh, uh, you must have a strong background in, uh, mathematical and physics, uh, which is quite important. Uh, but then there's no absolutely no necessity of, uh, having been exposed to all of these fields or even not to a large subset of them. So, uh, that's the question. Yes, yeah. Thanks, Antonio. Uh, I also had like another question right now. So it was about the program itself, like the structure of the program. Like, is there a thesis component? Is there a research component? So if you could answer that. Sure. Of course, as, as for all diploma courses, there is a final project, uh, which starts somewhere in, uh, in spring, uh, sometime in spring. And then, uh, it gets into this full development in the last two months, three months of the diploma. Uh, and this gives you an opportunity to, uh, uh, tackle some, uh, some research project with one of our, uh, colleagues from the faculty. Yeah. Yeah. So definitely there is a research component at the end of the program. Right. Yeah. Thanks. Thank you. I'm reading the message from the chat, the message from Colad David. Hello. What should be the major content of our motivation letter? Thank you. Uh, well, uh, the motivation letter is actually expressed your personal feeling, your patient to a particular field of theoretical physics or physics in general, why you decided to, uh, apply for this program. What, how do you see your career path? What, how would you like to proceed? What is your favorite or what are your favorite topics? So any inspiration on, on this side. And of course there is no template for the motivation letter. Um, okay. Uh, the next is Monica. Monica. Yes. Uh, please. Uh, the floor is yours. Good afternoon. Can you hear me? Yes. Yes, please. Thank you. Uh, hello everyone. My name is Monica. And I am from Bolivia. And I'm intending to apply for the. High energy astroparticle and cosmology track. I have two general questions about the application right now. I'm studying my master degree, but my program will finish. We'll finish in late September of this year. So I wanted to ask if this is an issue because my. Degree will be awarded right before the beginning of the ICD program. And also related to this, I noticed that in the application, there is a section for the master degree. Master degree average grades. However, I don't have access to my, to my final grades because I haven't completed the program yet. So I want to know if it's fine. If I complete that section with like, um, the grades that I have so far of the first year of my, of my master program. So Giovanni. Yes. Yes. Let me start with the last question. Yes. It's completely fine if you don't have all the grades yet. Just write those that you already got. And maybe mention what other courses you are following so that we know. At least that the courses that will be covered with a master. Regarding the, the get, I think there is no problem if you get the master degree in September. We say after the only doubt I have is that the, you know, you know, the diploma course. Our diploma program starts in beginning of September, usually. So by then you should be able to come here. So I'm not sure if you're asking a delay because our courses will start in September. So if you're asking for the delay in that case, or you'll be able to just come from the beginning of September and then just your, your diploma course that is not an issue. Okay. I'm reading question from the chat. It's also related to high energy physics application. The question is from Sabbath. I'm applying for high energy physics. If there are any limit on the number of students selected from a particular institute or a particular country, or it is based on merit, meaning that if two students have the same level of experience and grade, what will be the criteria of them? It's a good question. So we, we, we, we try always to balance also the geographic distribution of the students. This said, however, we don't have a sharp bound. So it happened already in the past that if there are more than one student from the same country that deserve to be a part of the program, we, we, we also take more than one student. Okay. Thank you. I am reading next question from the chat. Hello. The question is from Colad David. I'm applying for mathematics. What should be the major content of our motivation letter? How many references do I need to contact? Thank you. I think the first question was already answered from David. And I will ask Lothar to answer the second question, namely, how many refers do I need to contact? Well, I already answered in the, in the chat, but so I said, you know, normally we would like at least two referees. If, if there's just one letter, it can be okay if it's a, if the person knows you very well and says a lot. If there's no letter, this will be a little automatic exclusion. So then we don't consider it. Okay. Okay. Thank you. The next is Marta Valentina. Please. Okay. Good afternoon. Can you hear me? Yes. Yes, we can. Okay. First, I would like to thank you for giving us the opportunity to ask the questions. And I'm, I'm intending to apply for the high energy physics, but I'm very concerned because I'm, I'm not a physicist. I'm a mathematician. And in my master program, I decided to, to work on mathematical physics. And I have the first question that I have is how much necessary is to know statistical physics. And I'm asking this because I haven't, I have never taken this course. And, and also I have been studying. Mechanics, analytics, analytical mechanics and quantum mechanics, but I don't have the, this requirement of such as statistical physics. And I would like to know if it is necessary in order to apply to the high energy diploma. The other question that I have is, I'm curious to know how are the tutorial sessions. I would like to know more about it. How are you planning to do the exercises, the examples, the problems. And also I want to know if it is possible to take or to attend courses from another department or from the other areas. And because, and if I, for example, if I am taking courses in the high energy diploma, I would like to know if I can see or if I can attend some courses from the mathematics diploma. So for the moment, that's the question that I have. Thank you. Thank you, Marta. So Giovanni, please. Yes. Yes. So a course in statistical mechanics is not a strict requirement. The strict requirement are courses in quantum mechanics, classical mechanics, special relativity. So those are in calculus of course. Those are the strict requirements that we ask. Of course, a basic knowledge of statistical mechanics is sort of requirement required in the sense that during interviews in the selection process, we might ask questions about statistical mechanics. So despite the fact that you might not have followed any specific course on that, I strongly advise maybe to study for yourself at least the basics for that. So I'm going to talk about tutorials. So the managing of tutorials depends course by course, because it's organized by the lecturer of each course. But typically what happens is that during the lectures, during the course, they say on average once a week, there will be given some homework from the lecturer. And with, and then after one week, you return the homework and then there will be a tutorial session with some tutor that will explain the solutions of the exercise and will be very interactive with the students. Then there was the last question. Instead it was about the possibility to take courses across diploma programs. For this, I'm not sure it's feasible in the sense that each diploma course, at least the high energy one, is a very intense course. And it's very challenging. And I don't think that students will be able to actually at the same time follow also other courses. I think we don't know. I'm not sure we have a strict rule, but it's at least strongly advised not to do so. Also, I'm not sure even that the time will allow because probably courses will overlap. May I add something for that question? Because I have already an experience for that. Okay, please. So when I joined the, I joined the mathematics section and at the time, because I was also interested in high energy physics, I tried to attend some of the courses. And it worked fine for a week or two. But after this, the study was so intense that it is really hard to keep doing this. Also, at some point, you will find that conflict between the lectures for timing. For example, the two lectures overlap, and it would be very hard. So from my experience, I think I would say it is very hard to maintain this. I tried and I failed simply, but maybe it is just me. I don't know. Thank you. Thank you.  For example, next week, there will be three Memorial Abdul-Samalam lectures, which you are very welcome to attend. These are given by very distinguished scientists. You will see that almost every month, there are colloquia, which are mandatory for attendance by postgraduate diploma students. So the life is really busy. So you will be full with exercises, with homework, with the courses. And I actually second what is said by my colleagues. Namely, it would be difficult to attend different programs. Okay. Let me proceed with the next question from the chat. It's again from John Amnu, who is asking, will we be notified he's applying for high-energy? Will we be notified when our recommendations are sent e-mails for our recommendations? Recommenders are sent e-mails for our recommendations. I'm asking this so that we can avoid the case of our recommenders not sending in recommendations when requested. Thank you. I think maybe Sandra or Patricia will answer, because this is a technical question. Yes, you will be informed. You will see on your application online, there will be a message that your referee received e-mails successfully. So I don't know if you need to know something else, but yes, you will be informed. Thank you, Sandra. The next question is Matteos Arana. How many places there are in each course? I understand that in each program, out of five programs, so typically we select 10 person for program, but this number can vary. It can be 11 or it can be nine, depending on the situation. The answer from Patricia 10 already, if you read the chat. But I say that 10 is pure program, namely 10 students in high-energy physics, 10 students in mathematics, 10 students in condensed metaphysics, 10 students in quantitative life science, and 10 students in Earth system physics. I'm Ubat from Pakistan. I am currently in the final year of my bachelor degree, and I intend to apply for high-energy physics. My bachelor degree will end in July, and I will get my final transcript in August-September. Moreover, by the end of application, the deadline is February. I will only have my transcript till sixth semester. Giovanni. Yeah, it strongly depends. First it depends how long the bachelor was. If it's just a three-year, it might not be sufficient. If it was longer, we can accept it. And it also depends which exams you already have grades. We have selection procedure, basically focused on particular exams. So if we have the grades for those, it could be enough, even if you don't have the grades for all the exams. So I suggest just to apply and then... Thank you, Giovanni. So, Javad Ali, you are waiting in the queue. Please. Hi, everyone. Can you hear me, sir? Yes, we can. Yes, sir. I am Javad Ali from Pakistan. I have applied for mathematics at ICTP. I have a question. Under which criteria students are called for an interview? My question is not related to a final selection. It's just for a call for an interview. I think all the applicants are not called for the interview. So can you answer this question? So, Lothar, please. Okay, I can try. It's not such an easy question. So it's a... No, we obviously look at the application and it depends to some extent on your grades, what subjects you have studied and also on what people write and what the referees write. I mean, it's not... It's not like the completely fixed criteria. No, we look at it and we get an impression. So you should have good grades. It's very nice if somebody says, you were the best student in your year or something like that or something similar. And we should have... It also depends maybe what kind of subject you study. So the basic subject that will require people to know before you should have seen. And I mean, then... But we don't invite everybody for an interview. Maybe if there are 10 places, we might invite 30 or 40 people for an interview. So it's not a very strict selection before, but there is this. So I think, I mean, basically, you have good grades to have studied the main subjects and to have good letters that say something about you that impresses us somehow. Thank you. Thank you, Lothar. I will keep reading. Thank you very much, sir. Questions from the chat. The question from Tigun Iman Perdana. Hello. I want to apply for the condensed metaphysics. I have a question regarding expected adequate course knowledge. I took solid state physics in my undergraduate bachelor year, but for the quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, I only took it when I'm in my master year. It's not available when I was still undergraduate. Is it okay? Thank you.  So please, please apply. In your application, you indicate which courses you have, even which textbook you use for studying this particular topic. Yes, statistical physics, both statistical physics and quantum mechanics are very important, but we will see from your application what is your experience. And if necessary, we contact you and ask questions. Then Martina Valentina asks, actually she acknowledged the kind response for Favzi. Thank you, Favzi, for providing us more explanation from your experience. So Fatimeh Zainabadi is asking, hi, I'm applying for mathematics. My question is, when is the deadline for the referees to send their recommendation? Is it the same as the deadline of our submission? Lothar, please. Actually, I mean, that's in some sense more, so I don't know precisely what the, how long the application thing stays. I mean, how long the people can write referee, I mean, letters. I mean, did you know? Sorry. It's a 28th of February. 28th of February sometimes can be also extended by one week, but usually it's the same deadline is also for the referees. So, I mean, I expect in extreme cases, you can write for us or something, but I mean, send an email. I mean, all documents should be submitted and the application should be submitted within the deadline, both student, applicant and the referee. So, that means that the student has to apply it earlier. Yes, they should apply earlier and then once they invite referees through the online application, process the automatic email sent to the referee. Therefore, it takes some time. They should do it a little bit before. Yeah. So, in particular, I expect you should try to apply at least one week before the deadline so that this works. Yeah, I completely agree because please, please don't leave everything to last minute. Please give some time before the end of the deadline. The next question is from Amnol Subban, applying for high energy physics. The questions are, what kind of questions will be asked in the interview? How long is it on average? At what time of the year does the interview take place? This is question number one, although there are three. Then the question is question number two. I read on the web page of the program that only 10 students will be getting the stipend whereas other than can attend on their own costs. So, is there any scholarship available for the rest of the student from maybe government or any other place? Giovanni. Giovanni, we cannot hear you. Please unmute your microphone. Yeah, sorry. Yeah. Regarding the first question, of course, not going to give you the full answer, but so typically we ask questions that range on basically all the topics that you're supposed to know from classical mechanics, special relativity, quantum mechanics, calculus. We will go through a question to check how much you have learned and if you know the basics. Regarding the second question, so the timing of the interviews, well, typically it's like 20, 30 minutes or so. And when it happens, it happens after we perform the first screening and come up with a selection of a long list that we will interview. So if the deadline is the end of February, typically, let's say maybe interviews are arranged by April, let's say. And the second question, instead, I'm not sure I completely got. Basically, the question is if the students, Canon students come with their own funds or arranged governmental funds, if the stipend cannot be provided, ICTP. So if students is not in the top 10, selected if there is a still chance, if I understood the question correctly. Yes. Now, this procedure, I'm not completely sure in the sense that I expect people to say upfront if they have funds for support themselves. If they are usually, yeah, so if they are not selected, then they can ask to come with their own funds. But of course, they're still a threshold. So we don't take any student that can pay themselves or with some extra funds to come. They still have to pass the interview test. Okay. Thank you. The next question is from David. He's writing that I'm applying, I'm planning to apply for COLS program. I have a physics undergraduate, but I'm currently taking a master of education major in mathematics. Can I indicate this in the master of size part of the application? And will this help or hard my application? Thank you. Antonio. Antonio. Sorry, so can you come again, please? I will look at the question. Yeah. I have a physics undergraduate, but I'm currently undergraduate, but I'm currently taking a master of education major in mathematics. Can I indicate this in the master of science part of the application? And will this help or hard my application? That's hard to answer the spot. So you can send your application and we will look at that and see if it makes sense given the exams. Yeah, so. Yeah. The general question, please apply. Please apply. We will see your application and the committee will evaluate it and decide. But I don't think anything may hurt. Everything which you indicate will be sort of saying your favor if you permit me to say this is that way. Okay. The next one is Arnold Suba. What's the selection rate if you could enlighten on how many had applied in the previous session? Well, it varies a little bit from year to year, but in general, I can tell you that last year, we had about 1000 application for all five programs, which roughly means 200 orbit less than 200 per section. And we select 10 best students. This probably would be the most fair answer to your question. The next one is Michael Johnson. Hello, I'm Mike from Nigeria. I want to ask if I can apply for medical physics with my bachelor degree. Sorry, this question and answer is designed for answering questions about postgraduate diploma program. Medical physics is completely different program. In two years, one year of theoretical studies at ACTP and one year of practice in one of the medical institution of Italy. Please direct your question by email to medical physics, master in medical physics program. I'm not going to say more about that. The next one is from Adriana Fernandez. How many people applied the last year for each program? This is answered just a few minutes ago. Usman Ali. Hello, I am Usman Ali. I've got my two semester of master of philosophy high energy physics. I want to apply for high energy physics. What if I haven't much good marks? Giovanni. Well, of course, if the marks are not very good, as it was said before, the rate of selection is of other 5%. So it's a very competitive selection. So of course, marks plays a very important role. I don't know. Thank you. The next is from Guiantini. I see that the people ask many questions, the same people. Still, I mean, hello, while finding form, I came across that we should have master degree, but I only have a bachelor degree in physics, and exception says we should have good grade and bachelor degree. What percentage mark we should need in order to qualify that? Look, there is no, well, direct answer to your question. Please apply. We will see your application. We will see what kind of courses you had. We will see how you perform during these lectures. And we evaluate your application. Umechani says that 31 years old age students is eligible to apply. Well, please apply. We will see your application. We will see your grades. We will see your motivation. We will see from what country you come. And there is no, the program is quite flexible. There is no strict rule that 28 years plus one day is not eligible to apply. We will see your file and we will evaluate it and we will contact you with questions if necessary. Then somebody answered that no, the limit is 20 years old. As I said, this is not the solid rule. We will see your application and evaluate it. Surish Pasandideh asks, I have a question concerning math diploma. In the form, it asked us to either our grades, to enter our grades in some courses. In our program, for example, we have two or three courses in real analysis or abstract algebra. Should we enter our overall grade or each of them separately? Lothar? Yeah, so I already wrote it. So I think it's better to give us as much information as possible. So if you have had several courses, we would also maybe like to know what these courses were, what the title precisely was, and then to have all the marks. So the more information we get, the happier we are and the better it is for us to decide. And it's also just information that you had not just one course in algebra, but several. It maybe makes the application stronger. Thank you Lothar. I will kindly ask students to ask a question in the chat. Please don't, if possible, ask too many questions coming from one person. Please give other applicants other students floor to ask their question. And second, please don't repeat the same question. And in particular, the question which already received the answer during this session. So thank you. Mohamed Abdel Jalal, please ask your question. Yeah, hello everyone. I hope my voice is clear for everyone. So to be honest, I had the same question, the previous question was about the interview and like what kind of question we will have. So you already answered this question. Thank you for your answer. But also I have another question, which is in case that I got accepted in this opportunity. The question is if I have the right to stay here in my country and like study in with you online. Thank you. Okay, you applying for high energy? The QLS program. QLS, so yes. Antonio, please. So if I get correctly your question, so you're asking whether attendance can be done remotely online. Is that the question? Okay. So we value a lot. The direct interaction between students and teachers and among students themselves. So attendance in person is a priority. So even though through the years of the pandemic, all together we made great efforts to have all our students in place. Of course, it temporarily, it might happen that due to some travel restrictions that have been here where attendance was restricted to online. But the final objective is to have all the students in place for all the duration of the program. Nisha, you can add something if you. Yeah, I completely agree with what you said. So the priority is given to in person participation. And even in the difficult during the difficult time of pandemic, we keep in person lecture, but there are sometimes exceptional circumstances, which allow remote participation. But there should be really some exceptional circumstances for that. The question from Marie Gang Chechtar Pathak. By the way, we are approaching to the end of this question and answer section. Please, we are thinking about organizing to get another one close to the deadline end of February. Please, if you will not get answered to your question, don't be upset. You can always email your question to us and we will answer your question as soon as we can. Or we organize the second section and you will be given the opportunity to do so. Marie Gang, I'm applying for mathematics. I have studied groups, rings, fields and real analysis nicely, but not very confident in complex analysis and topology. Will it affect me very much during interview? Lothar. Well, I mean that way it does play a role. So I mean, obviously these basic courses, you know, for this complex analysis and topology will also be taught in the first semester. So you're not supposed to know everything, but some basic knowledge would be useful. I mean, it might be good maybe if you try a little bit to kind of review the material or read something, try to understand something before. But it's not by itself completely an exclusion reason. You know, if you do very well in the other subjects and give us the impression that you will find it very easy to learn it, then we might change our mind. You know, I think it's important then, you know, it's one of the reasons what this motivation thing is maybe good for. You know, if there's something which is not so, does not look so optimal in the application, then it's good if you can write something there to explain to us, you know, how come and also, you know, how, why you think it's not a problem. I mean, why you think you can manage all the same. I think that's it. Thank you. The question from Mohammed Amin Busubel. Hello again. I would like to ask whether the quantum mechanics two part in the application of condensed matter program is the same as advanced quantum mechanics usually taught at the master level, or it is second course of quantum mechanics at bachelor level. Look in the duration of quantum mechanics is different from country to country. Therefore, your application, you will be also asked which kind of books, text books you use. So we will see what quantum mechanics or advanced quantum mechanics means. But anyway, as a part of curriculum of condensed matter program, you will be taught the course of quantum mechanics in advanced enough levels. So don't worry about that. The question from Amin. I'm Amin from Iran. What is the main criteria for being accepted for ICTP? Fully foundation. And is there any kind of scholarship? What is the criteria? Thank you. It was partially answered. So you see that basically there are two. The competition is very high. 200 persons roughly for 10 position. So we are interested to admit the best students. Also having in mind geographic distribution and general balance, please apply and we will see from your application the criteria. Well, there are no unique criteria. We try to admit the best students in very high competitive race of selection process. Rijwan asks, I would like to ask a question if there are any someone with only bachelor degree and then accepted in the program after graduated from this program. Can we use it to apply PhD without getting master degree? The answer is the same. Please apply. We do consider application in bachelor level and we will see your curriculum. We will see your courses and we evaluate your application. Other from this program, can we use it to apply PhD without getting master degrees of freedom? Look, it's too early to answer question about PhD. I don't think this question in the frame of this particular question and answer session. I will postpone answering this question. Taslim Jaryan, the floor is yours. Please ask your question. Yes, sir. I have another question regarding high energy physics. Do we need to have any data science courses prior to our applications like any programming bridge or anything like that? The program is not a prerequisite for our high energy diploma program. In the sense, of course, a little bit of program might help but we don't require that. Okay, sir. Thank you, sir. Okay, Adriel, please. Okay. Hello again. My question this time is a little bit more technical. I understand that we are not allowed to submit new documents after the February 28th deadline and that includes the referees. So there are parallel letters. I would like to ask if we are allowed to make a partial submission in the application site and then edit it afterwards before the deadline, of course. This is so that we can give our referees more time to send their letters. This is because I noticed in the website, we are not allowed to send our invitations to our referees until we have made a submission of the application form of the applications. Sandra or Patricia, could you please answer this question? You can make changes only within the deadline to the 20th of February. After that, the application is closed. Okay, thank you very much. Okay, thank you. In principle, we are done. It's now 4pm. Are there any very urgent questions or very urgent comments or something any of you find very important to tell us? If yes, please. If not, please, Mohammed, you want us to say something very important. Mohammed, please. Hello, yes. Can you hear me? Yes, we can, please. My name is Mohammed Naveed Zafar from Pakistan. I'm currently studying in ICTP as a diploma student in Earth System Physics section. After listening to the student question, I just want to share my experience. Basically, my background was in mathematics and mechanics. When I came here, I realized I'm the only one student who's background from mathematics. I was afraid. I didn't want to cover all the subjects, which have I no background first, but really I enjoyed all the courses because teachers start from the very basic thing and take it to the advanced topic. We learned a lot in very short time duration. So, it is not a problem at all. I think you do not need to expert in all subjects. So, best of luck for new students. I just share my experience at all. Thank you. Thank you, Muhammad. Ricardo, would you like to add something to this nice saying? Ricardo, can you hear us? Okay. Again, thank you very much. Thank you, everyone, for participating in this session. Thank you for organizing this session. Let's keep in touch. Please send your application to us. Please send us your questions. If you are not yet satisfied with answers, you get you are very welcome to contact us and we are waiting for you to come through the selection process and some of you being selected and arrive to ACTP in September 2022. Thank you very much. Goodbye.


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, we are doing my seasonal top 10 palettes. So basically, if you don't know how this works, I pull 10 eyeshadow palettes that I plan having on hand for the entire upcoming season. It is technically already summer, though. I'm gonna have to just leave these out right now. But these are the 10 palettes that I plan on using this summer. So my inspiration for this season, I've really been into monochromatic pops of color on the eyes, just like a single wash.  I've been loving particularly greens. So that's mostly the inspiration for the palettes that I chose today. Lots of color. I'm very outside of my comfort zone with this, but I'm really excited to see what I can do with color this summer. This is also to re-inspire you to use some of your older palettes. Pull out those palettes that you haven't been using that you're excited to use this summer. So I have a mixture of new palettes, old palettes, limited edition palettes, just ones of colors that I really like that I plan on using. So I want you to take a moment before I get started. Think about what palettes you have in your collection that you want to pull out this summer and use. I would suggest picking out one or two that is a little outside of your comfort zone, but has really great summer colors. Hey, let's get into it. It's 10 palettes plus a cheat because I can't play by the rules. I had to pick these 11. But let's start off with the palettes that I'm actually wearing. These are in no particular order other than alphabetical. So I'm currently wearing the ABH Mervina Volume 3 Palette. And this, when I open it, you will see why I pulled it for this summer. So I got this green look out of it, but look at all of the colors in here. This is a true neon summer palette. So you can get green looks, lime green looks. Some purpley looks, red, orange. I think that this is going to be an amazing palette for me to pull out this summer. They have very pretty like neutral orange shades as well, which would be great on days that I'm not feeling quite so bold. So this has a lot of options. I pulled this out also because I haven't used it in such a long time. And I thought, wow, this season is the perfect opportunity to get used with this because I'm going to be honest, this is not my favorite color story. I love these big Norvina palettes. I feel like the quality on these are super duper good. You get so many colors. This is just one that I don't love the color story of when it comes to the Norvina palettes. But when I was looking at it, I was just like, this is what I need to use this summer. So how I got today's look, I started off with the shade A3 as my transition color to add some warmth to the eyelid. And then I went in with B2 and I blended that all over the crease, particularly focusing it in the inner half. And then I focused E1 down here on the outer corner. So I patted it going a little bit into my eyelid as well and then blending it in with that first B1 color. So that was like my base matte shades. And then I went in with C5 right here, which is so pretty all over the lid. I also have that running along the lower lash line to give the gleam. And yeah, this color looks like it could be dry and uninteresting in the palette, but it actually is so pretty all over the eyelid, especially with the corresponding greens that I chose. And then finally, I used C1 as my inner corner and underbrow highlight. But that shade would also be so pretty all over the lid. So I wanted to go with a simple monochromatic look. I mean, it's not that simple. I wanted to layer some colors because there's just so many options, but this is a perfect palette for a pop of color this summer. So if you have it, pull it out. Keeping it moving, so this is the Beflin Spice pressed powder palette. Probably never heard me talk about this. That is because I actually did a sponsored video with this one. And at the current moment, it has not been approved yet, which is fine. I'm not getting paid to talk about it now, but I guess I'm going to get you excited for this palette because I think that this is such a great affordable palette to incorporate into your collection without breaking the bank. And you get a lot of really great, high quality, colorful eyeshadows. So this right here, you can buy it on Amazon. It's literally $9.99, you guys. You can't go wrong. I cannot believe the quality in this palette. So yeah, if you do not have a lot of colors in your collection and you want to incorporate some without breaking the bank because you don't know exactly how often or you just want to kind of dabble into colors, this is a great palette. I'm honestly really, really shocked at how good the quality on this one is. You get every color of the rainbow. The gradient style makes it very easy to maneuver different looks and blend different colors together. Again, I should have a sponsored video coming up with this. I am not being paid or told at all to talk about it in today's video. I'm just really excited about this palette and I can't believe the price for the quality. So yeah, this is one to keep an eye out. I did a couple looks in that video. So hopefully I can get that one up soon. But yeah, I really, really enjoy this palette and I want to use it this summer for whenever I need a certain color that is nice and bright. This has it. And just for reference, like the mattes are super duper blendable, very beginner friendly and the shimmers are quite incredible in this palette. Okay, I've talked about this palette so, so much. I even literally used it in a summer makeup tutorial. It's one of my favorite palettes that launched this year and it will continue to be used by me this summer. This is the ColourPop in the Limelight palette. As you know, I talk about how ColourPop can be inconsistent. But I try as much as I can from ColourPop to tell you what is on the good side because ColourPop has so many amazing sales and is affordable. But how ready is this palette? I told you Neon Green is my color for the summer and this is perfect. And what's crazy is even though this is a Neon Green yellow palette, I don't feel uncomfortable in these shades when I just do a pop. I've done multiple looks. I've worn this out so many times. And the best part is this quality is so good from ColourPop. I don't know what they did here, but the mattes are very pigmented, very blendable and the shimmers are great as well. They adhere to the eyelid, which is usually the major problem with ColourPop shades. This is my number one favorite palette for the summer. It's affordable. I highly recommend it. Get with it with this color story this summer. It's perfect. I love this one. Okay, I did want to pick one of my older Dior ones that I could pull out since, as you know, I did spend a lot of money on them. And so I chose quite an old one. I don't know how many of you are actually going to have this, but this is the Pink Vibration palette from Dior. It came out, it was like a musical kind of themed collection a few years ago, but they have this really fun pop of yellow, this fun pop of peach. It has some purples here as well. I do enjoy the quality of this quint. It has a very beautiful embossment as well. I believe I should have a video on this palette in my videos somewhere, but yeah, I have not used this palette in such a long time and I was looking and I think the colors are absolutely perfect for the summer, but the great thing about Dior's formulation is these aren't like super vibrant bright neon colors. They actually are a little bit more toned down and sophisticated for wearing a purple eyeshadow like, I don't know. So this is kind of that when I want to wear a pop of color, but still keep it very elegant, this Dior one is going to be perfect. You definitely cannot get this one anymore, but if you do have it, I highly recommend it and I do have an eyeshadow palette here that has all of these colors in one palette that I will share if you do like what the color story here is giving you. Okay, so this one came out last year, I think, but anyways, this is the Huda Beauty Wild Python Palette. Okay, I mean, predictable. You can see the colors here. It's these brighter, more neon tones, but I feel like this palette has a nice wearable turn to it because you have the browns over here. Like if you just stick to this row right here, you will definitely be able to get something totally wearable and comfortable for the summer, but this also offers you great options in terms of getting something to pop and just be fun for the summer. If you just pick one shade, any shade in this palette, besides like maybe the dark brown and put it all over your lid, I feel like it's instantly a fun, simple, easy summer look. They layer over really well. Just pick one of the crease matte shades and then pop one of these guys over top. Again, the perfect fun summer pop. So this is one that I definitely am going to encourage myself to reach for this summer. This was one of my favorite palettes of this collection from Huda Beauty. It's great. It's travel-friendly. The textures are really fun on the eyelid. So yes, this one, I am turning my attention more towards the summer. I have a affordable option next and I mean, it's got summer written all over it. This is the Kimchi Chic Virgin Mojito palette. This is one of my all-time favorite yellow, green palettes. And I don't know how they create such good quality for the price point. And oh my gosh, Kimchi Chic does some of the best, most fun, adorable packaging as well. So it looks pretty simple on the outside, but when you open it up, you have Miss Kimchi over here. And look how cute this palette is. They have photos of little fruit around it and the quality on here, like I said, is really good. You're going to get a very bright colorful look. These are not sheer at all. They're quite pigmented. So this is one that is a little bit outside of my comfort zone because of how bright they look on the eyelids. But I want to try and wear this palette more, create some fun looks with it. It's a very good price. Hopefully it is still available, but Kimchi Chic, in my opinion, is definitely an underrated brand. And I'm pretty sure I probably pulled this out last summer as well in my video, but it is truly the perfect summer palette. Okay, this next one is a newer one. It's from an indie brand. This is the Nomad Paradise Island palette. So, oh my gosh. Okay, yes, this palette was pretty much made for summer, right? I love Nomad's color combos here. So you have the greens that I'm into, the blues, the purples, and then you also have the warm tones over here. I've created some insanely stunning looks with this palette already, and I'm not quite ready to put it away since it is a fairly new palette. So I'm definitely leaving it with my summer eyeshadows. Now, in terms of the formula with Nomad Cosmetics, I don't think they have an amazing formula. They have a really good formula, though there's a couple shades in here that I'm like question mark about, you know, but I'm definitely able to make this palette work. The shimmers are really gorgeous, and I think what Nomad does best is the experience with their eyeshadow palettes. You know, these are based around places they have visited and that they have been inspired by themselves and they do such a good job curating a palette that is easy for the user, takes you to that place, and I don't know, it's just a really inspiring palette overall. I do have a discount code. If you are interested in purchasing this, it's a phenomenal summer palette. Okay, so the next one I have is from Rare Beauty. I actually do believe you can still get this. I have talked so much trash about their newest eyeshadow palette that launched. It's not new, but it's the one I've tried most recently, and I always take it back to this palette and there was another one as well as to how shocked I was at the quality of these eyeshadow palettes. New palette is not good. I do not like that formula one bit. Rare Beauty needs to take inspiration from this formula. So look at the color story here. I think that there are so many fun pops here. It's an all shimmer palette, but you definitely can get away with using just these on the eyelids because the formula is so beautiful, so blendable, and even though it is shimmery, it's pretty flattering. I have to say very easy to use. My eyes are instantly drawn to these two colors down here, but you also have more wearable colors over here. So I think that this one is a fun, perfect palette for summer. I am going to link it down below if it is still available, and if it's not and you happen to have this palette, pull it out because I know it's been a while since I've used this, but every time I use this palette, I'm very shocked at how beautiful this formula is. It doesn't even look like it would be a good formula.  At least I do and I just didn't think I would like this palette and it's been amazing. Okay, so this is the only non-colorful palette for this summer. I wanted like an evening kind of deep look. I actually have a tutorial coming up using this palette for like an evening summer look, and so I'm pulling out my Tom Ford Honeymoon palette. I know a lot of you probably have this palette for evening smoky eyes. I feel like this is the way to go this summer. And keep an eye out. If you have a cosmetic company store near you, I saw they have these for literally $20 on sale, but this is such a beautiful palette. I used it recently like I said in that tutorial that I think at this point should be coming out tomorrow. So keep an eye out so that you can see how easy this palette is to use. This is definitely a hit from Tom Ford. And what makes his eyeshadow so special is how easy it is to create a look without even having to think about it. The product just blends in seconds. It's totally effortless. So yeah, I think that these tones, these really nice warm colors are so beautiful for more neutral makeup, but great for the summer. So this is my one like comfort zone palette over here. Okay, so these I'm counting as one to make it 10, but yes, this technically makes it 11. I've done a whole video on these recently. So Vizier actually restocked these palettes, which were limited edition and they came back out and these are the perfect summer palettes. So when I saw that they restocked on Beauty Lish in particular, I grabbed these. I took the opportunity to give these some love. I made a whole video sharing with you guys that these are back and I'm putting them in this video as well because I'm so excited for them to be back because they're perfect for summer, for travel. The colors are super inspiring. I've used these a lot. These are amongst my favorite Vizier palettes. So the first one that we have is Soleil. I've created some of my all time favorite looks with this palette and you can see they are so cute and tiny, which is why I said they are just phenomenal little guys for travel must haves. And then the other one is Shushu, which I'm not as partial to, but I've ended up actually kind of using it more than Soleil because I love the hot pink pops in the summer. I think that's so fun. You also have a coral and as always with the Vizier palettes, they really are such good quality guys. So yeah, I highly recommend these. If you want more details on these, definitely check out the video that I posted recently. I did two tutorials. I swatched these and yeah, I mean, these are like the perfect little travel palettes. So I pulled these out again to half for this year. Since I was reinspired by them and repromoted, but there we have it. You guys, those are the palettes that are going to be in my rotation this summer for when I don't know what I shadow palettes use. I'm going to be reaching for these. Remember how I told you to start thinking about what palettes you plan on using. Now is the time. Comment down below. I would love to hear it. Copy me if you have any of these palettes. Let's do it. Let's have fun with our makeup this summer. But anyways, I hope you guys enjoyed this video and found it helpful. Thank you so much for liking this video and being subscribed to my channel and I will catch you guys in the next video. Bye guys. Have a good one.


What is this Pedro? Hey everybody, this is the Adafruit Show and Tell. This is the best place to show off your awesome DIY projects, whether it be like PCBs or projects, like with 3D printing or wearables, or if you're taking us on a tour of your awesome workspace, everything is game. I will be posting the link on adafruit.com slash, I'm sorry, discord.gg slash adafruit to get the link and you can join in and show off your awesome project. We're gonna take about 30 minutes to check out everybody's project. Think about a minute or two to show off your stuff and just give us the elevator pitch of what you're working on. We're gonna go ahead and start off with Stefan. Let's go ahead and see. Oh, actually no, sorry. Everything got all mixed up in the order. Let's go ahead and start off with John. Okay. Hey, Jayden. Hey guys, how's it going? Hey, that's good. What's going on? Are you here to show off today? So I'm gonna be showing tomorrow a project of my show on the workshop show where I'm gonna look at these really cool little inductive powered LEDs. So here I've got a little setup with a welding mini fig, little Lego guy. You can see I've got some nice lighting here and the cool thing is that no batteries required and no wiring. So this is just kind of free floating LEDs and I've just set them on my little welder guy's work bench there and you can see if I cover up my light source there but you can see a little better. And so I'm gonna show the little sort of display stand that I've built here. We'll be working on that to hide the inductive coils that are used to give us lighting in any orientation. So pretty much anywhere you go, you're gonna get these to light up. And I also have a tabletop miniature that my friend Brian lent me that's a familiar one to friends of Mandalorian. And I have a little red ones in the thrusters there so we'll be playing around with some lighting for models which these things are incredible for that. Really cool innovation to be able to light up small stuff without wiring anything and without worrying about batteries. How freaking cool, yeah. Tomorrow. We gotta figure out ways to like incorporate this into some sort of interior design in the house somewhere. This is freaking cool. So you have like two of them, right? One that's like vertical and one that's underneath? Yeah, and it's actually not necessarily required depending on the orientation of things but since I wanted to have some stuff planar to the ground and some other stuff planar to the wall, it's helpful in that case to use a couple of coils but you could also find creative ways to be sort of diagonal and especially with these larger coils you can see here they're happy to light at a lot of angles and at pretty great distances as you remember. So there's a smaller one. I haven't played around with it yet. That's this little coil here. The coil I'm using in here is about eight inch diameter. These little ones are lower voltage and smaller range but also a lot tinier. So can be for different types of little models that you'll build. How cool. So this will be on the tomorrow show. Yeah, you should have one. Workshop show on tomorrow. It's Thursday at four o'clock Eastern.  Yay, thanks so much, Jimmy. Thanks, Jimmy. See you guys. All right, next up we're gonna talk with Brian from Digi-Key. All right, Brian. Here we go. Hey, Brian. Hello. Howdy. Hey, guys. Hey. Let me add your screen here, Brian. There we go. They got some cool sensor stuff to show off. Right. Let's see if I can learn how to navigate. I can't see that at the same time because this is a... I don't know, yes. Is it zooming in for you? It is. It's coming in clearly. Excellent. All right. So this is a water sensor. This has saved me, I'm not sure how much money. I think I could tell you how much it would have saved us about $80,000 in kitchen repairs. We had a main drain in our basement back up. Oh no. Because of tree roots. Oh geez. And when you find two inches of questionable water in your basement. Yeah. I was suddenly motivated to create a water sensor that I wanted to make it as simple as possible and draw as little power as possible so that you could battery power it and pretty much forget about it. So the basic elements here are just a dirt, cheap, simple MOSFET. This is a two-end 7000, a 10 meg pull down to keep the gate low. And for those unfamiliar with MOSFETs, just it's just gonna act like an on-off switch. And because it doesn't really draw anything when it's sitting in one state or the other as far as like here when it's turned, when it's pulled low, it draws next to nothing. I can't even measure it with a six-digit bench DMM. The noise in the room is the same whether you hook it up or not. So we've got a battery here, got a nine-volt battery.  Okay.  Once it's in place, you're pretty solid, but something as simple as adding a one nanofarad capacitor to the gate, slowed that rise time enough that I have yet to kill one just by adding that. It's not your normal transient voltage compressor, but it works. Nice.  Then I took it one more notch and this is an elective thing. Normally you just pull the battery. If you've got a nine-volt, it's just hanging there. But my wife didn't like that idea. She was always afraid she was gonna wreck something. So I put it in the case and then put a simple alternating, I think you can see the part down here, just a simple push button switch that click it once, it's off, click it again, it's on, and it's just switching back and forth. So, well, I shouldn't say off and on, but it takes the power away from the buzzer, runs it through a self-flashing LED, which these things come in early handy.   That's awesome, I love it.  Wow. They're expensive, but compared to water in the wrong spot. Dude, yeah, it's a fraction. Yeah, I love that you have everything laid out here so people can just re-watch the video and I think those are all the product ID numbers on DigiKey, right? Correct, yep. Awesome, yes. I could always share the URL. We're using Schemit, the built-in diagramming tool that we have on our site. Oh, awesome, yeah, beautiful plug for that, yeah, awesome. If you want, I can show you a quick picture of it in action. Oh, yeah, I'll bring it in. Let's see, share screen, sorry, my first time. I'm sorry, you're good. Here we go. It pops up somewhere, there it is. So here, this is one that I didn't, let me see if I can zoom in here. So I just did bug that thing. Nice, nice. It works. That one I ran a Xenar across instead for a transient voltage suppressor and that one sits underneath our sink, as you can see. And the second pair of wires coming off, that actually goes underneath our dishwasher and that saved us twice. Wow. We've got two bare wires snaked around underneath it and so we had a leak a couple of times, otherwise you would only find out after having the obvious amounts of water leak through the floor and into the basement. Yes, dude, I want to build like, I don't know, like what six of these for like each bathroom and like have them like just everywhere like in the back because we're like, no, you want to hear just in case, like the earlier the better. Yeah, it's like insurance here. Yeah, I wonder if our weight would go down if we told them we had these. Excellent, excellent project, Brian. This is fantastic. Ah, cannot recommend people go check this out enough. Holy crap, this is great. Thank you so much. Thanks, Brian. Take care, Chris. Thanks. All right, next up we're going to check in with Melissa. All right, Melissa. Hey, Melissa. Hello, hi. Hey, so I have this little gadget that I'm working on here. It's just a little terminal thing with a little seven inch LCD attached to a Raspberry Pi. And I have it running a little animated GIF player here and I have it. So now if I go ahead and I turn this little knob on the back here that I have, I can get it to kind of play or I can go backwards if I want to. Nice. And then I can click it and I can go to like the next one. And I click it again and it'll go to the next one here. I only have like three on here so that it'll play to the original one. Choices. All cats. Yeah. Anyways, so I'm writing a guide on this right now and that should be out either later this week or next week. And there's actually going to be another way I'm going to be doing it, but it'll be the same sort of thing. Awesome. And this is the code you already committed to GitHub, I believe. No, I haven't yet. Oh, okay. Soon. Coming soon. Yeah. Awesome. Thanks so much. Thanks, Melissa. Yeah. Thank you. All right. Next up, we're going to check in with Scott. All right, Scott. Hey. Hey. And Scott's screen. Can you hear me? Yes. We can hear you. We can see your pretty PCB. Yeah. I like how you were speaking from experience with water damage. Oh my gosh. We saw a neighbor go through that and it's just like really rough. So he said, yeah, just walking around. Like all of these are like vacation rentals and they don't notice.  I see your water heater thingy is like the roof's now. But yeah. That is, again, awesome plug for Digikeez. All the products you can do to build your own, yeah. 100%. Yeah. So what I've been working on is I'm trying to, I'm diving into the Raspberry Pi. Not the Pico, not the RP2040, but like what people think of when they think of Raspberry Pi. I've been doing some, so what I'm trying to do is bring, ultimately I want to bring CircuitPython bare metal to the Raspberry Pi 4 so that it will act like CircuitPython, but particularly have the ability to do display IO on HDMI.  So I've been trying to like learn my way around the Cortex-A series CPUs on these chips. They're meant for OS Linux class stuff, so they're a lot more complicated. And one thing that I wanted was I wanted to be able to attach a debugger to it. And there's no Raspberry Pi boards that I know of where they just have a plug for it. But luckily on the 40 pin header, they've broken out the pins that you need. So I whipped up this board and I sent it out to Osh Park yesterday. And basically what it is is it's got auto, it wires up the debug headers. That's the big thing in the middle and the smaller thing on the left hand side. Those are just like two form factors for the same plug. It's got four LEDs at the bottom so that if you're doing debugging by LED, you can have LEDs that you can blink. On the top left side is just a header that you can use like a USB to serial converter on.  That's the default. And then because I had the room and the I squared C pins were right there, I threw a STEMI QT on there as well. Sweet. I'm a software person so I don't really like having like jumper wires everywhere. So I kind of like running PCBs like this, doing PCBs like this just to make it like, so you can unplug it and plug it back in or like switch stuff around. It's yeah, it's super handy. Yeah, so I'm excited to get that right now. I have all the wires going everywhere. But yeah, if folks have experience in Raspberry Pi bare metal, feel free to ping me. It doesn't work yet. So I can only use an extra set of eyes. Awesome. All right, cool. Sleep peak coming soon. I think you'll touch up a little bit on this on your stream on Friday. Yep, that's the plan. Yeah, we'll continue working on it. Definitely made some good progress since the stream last week too. Awesome. And, oh wait, no, I can't talk about it. I can't wait to try that thing that, wait, I don't know if that's, I don't know if we can talk about it. Soon. I'm like so hyped about all the stuff you guys are all working on. Yeah, the BLE workflow stuff. Yeah. Yes. Ah. All right. Let's cut to someone else first, please. Which is, well, which is why I was like, maybe knowing Pedro would be willing to help test it. Yeah, that's my gosh. That'll be good. Awesome. Thanks so much, Scott. Cool. Yeah, thank you. All right, have a good one. Bye. OK, next up, we're going to jump in with some folks from the community. First up, we have Stefan. Stefan. Hey. Hey, hello. Hey. So you got some cool cases to show off? No, no cases yet. They are still in the making. So we're at at Home Assistant. We are working on a board, a custom board for Home Assistant. It's a Raspberry Pi carrier. Raspberry Pi compute module carrier board. That's basically what you can see here. There we go. I see it's up. Yep, it's up here. Hey. It looks cool. Yeah, so I mean, it's quite straightforward. We made it with KeyCat, obviously. And it has an M.2 connector. So we can actually hook up NVMe. So we have really a lot of storage. Then we also put on this SIGP module, which allows us to talk to devices. And furthermore, we also have PoE. So this device is actually running. It's hooked up to Isabel. It's running, and it's actually controlling that bulk. Hey, awesome. So yeah, it's working. But with hardware, if you want to get it out to people's hands, you need to test it. And you need to get it in volume. And production is expensive and so on. So that's why we actually started a crowdfunding campaign on CrowdSupply. And so if you want to get your hands on one of these at one point, go check it out. It's on homedashassistant.io slash amber. And you get redirected to crowdfunding or just crowd supply, or just go to crowd supply. You should see it there. Sweet. Yeah. I think what is kind of cool also to show, I mean, Home Assistant is open source software, right? And we're a lot about kind of privacy first, and also open source hardware. So this will be open source as well. And so we're really trying to kind of making the full stack, basically, from software down to hardware. And I think it's quite exciting. Cool. Yeah, definitely post a link in the chat. Definitely check it out. Yeah, I will do. One thing which I think is cool for especially for hardware hackers, maybe, if you want to dive into SIGPi. So the SIGPi module we have on here is from Silicon Labs. And it's a Cortex M33. The firmware, of course, is kind of, it's from Silicon Labs, so we cannot do much with it. It's not open source. It's what we get from them. But it's a Cortex M33. So you can actually debug it. We left on the debug pin headers there. And we even hooked it up through SIGPi to the Compute Module 4. So yeah, I mean, it's kind of open to get hacked. Yeah. Awesome. Thanks so much, Stefan. Thank you. Welcome. All right, cheers. OK, next up, we're going to talk with Liz. Hey, Liz. Hey. Hey. How's it going? It's good. So this is a project we're working on with you guys. This is Liz. I brought on last week I had literally gotten the code working like 10 minutes before show until it started. So basically what this is, this is the RGB matrix stemmer board hooked up to a feather sense. And so the feather sense microphone is taking in audio data and then it's visualizing it into the LEDs using the micro lab library. And so I was playing around with different color gradients this week. It's kind of hard to get show on webcam, but I think until like when I'm talking, like you're getting more green happening. And so the gradient would kind of settle on it's like more of like a kind of a brighter kind of rave rainbow because it shows a little bit more contrast. And I think if I hold it up, you can kind of switch my camera. You can see it a little bit better, too. So yeah, it's like reacting and stuff. So I think there's been some updates to the library recently as well. Yeah, yeah, it literally is like your name. Yeah, it's wild. So cool. Yeah, so something we're working on. Cool. Let's remind me of that. What was that mask? I forget what artist it was. It was Lady Gaga. I like that mask. Did the visualizer right on the small cute pocketable version? Yeah, that's so cool. There you go. Cool. All right. Great progress, Liz. Yeah, thank you so much. All right. We'll talk to you later. Thank you. All right. Next up, we're going to jump in and chat with Mark Kembler. Hey, Mark. Hey, Mark. And Mark Screen. Yeah. Oh, us. So I know people like seeing works in progress, and it's really good because in Discord right now, we're just talking about who started as software hardware. I definitely started as a software developer. I was interested in hardware, but Circuit Python really got me into the whole world a lot more. So this is now my design for an idea that came out to show and tell, actually, of a smaller version, in some ways, of the Fun House. And this is the first board I've ever designed with an actual microcontroller on it. So there was some discussion. I have to give credit to Dr. in Discord. He gave me a lot of good ideas on what features he'd like to see in this type of board. But to be able to have a Wi-Fi-enabled board just anywhere in your house and quickly plug-in sensors through StemicQT and report it to Adafruit.io, so there's lots of boards that you can use for that. But I thought, well, can I add in some features? What would you want in an all-in-one board so you're not having to combine a few things? So I don't actually have a lot of 3D parts, but there's a buzzer, LEDs, well, a couple of the switches like Reset and Boot, but just a general-purpose switch as well. Just so then you could take one of these things, plug-in whatever sensor you want, or you chain several of them together, and plug it in wherever in your house you need. Right now it is only USB-powered, though. That's the only downside. I think that's good. Yeah. Which micros is based off of the USB? This will be the ESP32S2, the same one that's in the FunHouse and the MagTag. It was actually one of the first ports that I did port-specific code on Circuit Python 4, so I was a little bit more familiar with that, and had read the 600-page manual for. Oh, jeez. Yeah, that's another fun lesson I learned in all this is the length of some of these microcontroller manuals. Yeah, it's crazy. Oh, this is excellent progress so far. I think attaching a water sensor, I think, through the stem on it, it's definitely going to be a goal. I, when I bought my house, the basement had just been redone because of the hot water tank going. So it hasn't been my problem, but I've owned my house for a while now, so I should probably put one down now. You don't want it to be your problem. This is a good insurance policy. That's what you're really building. Thanks so much. Yeah, thanks a lot. Please come by next time with some more partners. Hopefully I'll have a manufactured board soon. Yeah. Oh, all right. Can't wait. Thanks, Mark. Thanks. Check you next time. All right, next up. Gustav. Gustav. Sorry, Mark. We'll come with you in a little bit later. Gustav, right here. When people jump out, I think it moves around. I didn't recognize myself there for a second. Oh, that's his. My mistake. Hi, so I was on the show until like a month ago, and I showed off I'd taken a circuit playground and turned into remote control for my board game web app and then communicating web Bluetooth. OK. So the idea was you're going to pass that around. But then I figured I wanted to run wires so that every player could have a button where they're sitting. So I showed that. I'm going to have to move my thing around a little bit. Let's see if this is visible. Yep. Right. So the first thing you probably notice is that I have baby bells here. Now I'm hungry. Yeah, I know. Baby bells are amazing capacitive touch buttons because I can pick them up by the red piece and it's not going to detect the touch. But if I touch the cheese, then it's activated. So I'm just going to activate the game time here. So the idea is simple. When the blue player is done, he just touches the cheese and it goes over to the green player, Ledi, who can then touch his cheese and that's simple enough. But my game time I have kind of a need for two buttons. One button for ending your turn and another button for passing the round. So how would I do that with a capacitive touch? Well, I just programmed it so that if I. Yeah, next up, Ledi. So if I just press and hold for like two seconds, I have a little timer thing so that it figures out that that was a long touch. And I guess you could do similar things with like double tap and whatever you want. But I just need two buttons from one capacitive touch sensor. So that's that. Awesome. And then when the game is done, I guess the winner gets to eat all the cheese. I love that. That would definitely be the point. I think that's the prize. Yeah. The thing that I'm a little bit confused about is if I run it off battery power, so it's not connected to like a sink or ground or anything, that capacitive touch seems to not work so well unless I run a wire from ground to one of the ground ports on the thing. So if someone can explain why that is, maybe something in Discord. Something in Discord because I'm working on it. Cool. Thanks a lot, Gustav. Bye. Bye. And now I need some cheese. Not before Mark. Hey, Mark. Hello, Mark. Hey, guys. How you doing today? Hey, how are you doing? Good. The amount of attention-seeking behavior I've been exhibiting on the other side of the string yard has just been insane. So thank you for taking me. Hey, I run a site for some sponsors called Teach Me a PCB. So all you people out there who are looking at these PCBs and you want to learn how to make one yourself, we're going to teach you. And this year's project is a keyboard based off of some of JP's work. So this is the one you can get off of a Pimeroni. We're making our own. This will be the demo. It just came in about 30 minutes ago. I obviously don't have time to solder it and populate it, but this is just the demo. You get to design your own. And we're giving away a lot of the parts you need. 25 lucky participants. You're going to get everything they need. This is nothing. This is a real leader I was using for attention. So visit Teach Me a PCB. Sign up. We're going to start October 11th. You only need to devote about two to three hours per week. I've got hooks into manufacturers, the same people that make the Osh Park boards are making ours. Did you key sponsored? Last year we were able to give away a nice key site oscilloscope, all TM licenses, all sorts of fun stuff. 100% free. We're not selling your information or anything. The only gig is that you have to look at the sponsor logos whenever you log on to the site. That sticks to the advertising. How cool.  It's like, yeah, dude, that is like the modern day, like Rambo, dude, that's so awesome. That's what I was going for Rambo. Yeah, it's a good costume, I think. But only like certain people would know what that is. How cool. Thanks so much for the plug. I'm trying to put it all over LinkedIn. If you know any aspiring engineers, engineers in the pipeline, that's really who we're targeting. But anybody who is motivated, if you can breadboard, I'm trying to provide you enough information to complete the course. Last year we had like 600 engineers sign up. We even had like a 10th grader. We did a competition. He came in second, a 10th grader. He's going to have my job if he ever figures out what my job is. Oh, no, that's not bad. So thank you so much for your time, gentlemen. And thank you for my attention seeking behavior. All right, Mark, have a good one. Thank you so much. Bye, guys. All right, everybody, thank you so much for coming in. We ended just in time. Don't leave yet because in just about two minutes we'll have Lamar and Phil, Mr. Lediada. We'll come on and do a full hour of open source hardware. All that and all the cool new things coming out. So stay tuned. All right, folks, that's it. We'll see you guys next week. Bye, bye.