Hi everyone, this is Chih-chih-chou. Welcome to my channel. Now, what we did in a previous video is we used the Pythagorean Triangles to set up this grid that we're going to use as a graph, right? And we use the same technique as we did in the previous video where we used the Pythagorean Triangles to set up a grid to do our, you know, to generate the 10 by 10 multiplication table because it's something extremely important that we really need to learn before we can progress in mathematics. It's one of the first things you need to learn to learn math. And then since we had the grid up, we also learned how to play a 10 by 10 math puzzle pattern recognition game. And we ended up a few months ago, we ended up doing a live stream about three sessions live stream of playing that game as well, right? So we use that technique for setting up that grid to set up this graph. And what we're going to do right now is we're going to put a couple of graphs on here, a couple of tables on here and data set from a couple of tables. Okay, we're going to use this side to represent the data for one of the graphs and we're going to use the other side to represent the data on for the other data set, right? The horizontal line is going to be our timeline. Usually horizontal when it comes to investing finance and a lot of mathematics, time usually goes on the X axis because the X axis is our independent variable because, you know, you really can't control time, right? So time makes sense for it to be on the X axis, be independent. And in our situation right now, we're going to look at personal finance investing, parking your money somewhere and what the rate of return for your investment would have been for two different, we'll call them asset classes right now, but basically two different places you could have parked your money, right? Been invested in for a certain period of time, right? And what we're going to do is take a look at what happened with the value of those investments or those places you parked your money over time, okay? And this is really one of the most important things that right now you have to keep in mind is what the definition of an asset class is, what the definition of money is, what the definition of currency is, and how collectibles and different types of asset classes and how inflation comes into play in all this jazz, right? And we talked a fair bit about the stuff in previous videos when it came to personal finance where we defined the term money and currency which is extremely important for what we're about to talk about, okay? So if you want to have a good overview of where we're coming from to do this analysis, to look at this data, those are two places that you really have to take a look at what the definition of money is, and we've talked about an article which defined the term money, which is basically any collectible, any asset class, and what the definition of currency is, and we've, you know, there's a few criteria required for something to become a currency, right? But what we're going to do is basically right now, what I ended up doing is taking a look at two data sets, okay? One of them is US dollars relative to Canadian dollars, and the other data set I looked at was US dollars relative to Bitcoin, okay? Now, what we're going to do, we're going to take a sort of a time stamp, time period for US dollars versus Canadian dollars, and take a look at what happened with the exchange rate between US dollars and Canadian dollars or a certain period of time, and we're going to do the same thing for Bitcoin. We're going to take a look at how the price of Bitcoin varied relative to US dollars over a certain period of time, okay? And what we'll do, I think we'll put Canadian dollars on this side and Bitcoin on the other side, okay? And just to let you know, just so you get an appreciation, whenever you're doing a comparison, when it comes to anything in mathematics or anything in life, really, but specifically what we're talking about when it comes to investing, what you want to do is make sure that the two different things you're talking about when it comes to, if you want to invest in something, that they're compatible, right? They, you know, comparing these two things actually has meaning. And when it comes to Canadian dollars, let me give you some of the data why we're looking at this, because it's important to appreciate that these two datasets are compatible, right? You can take a look at these two things and see, you know, try to interpret for yourself what they represent, okay? Now, Canadian dollars have been around for 160 years, right? The first time the Canadian dollar was defined, it was Canadian pounds, I believe, before that, but Canadian dollars were defined was 1858, right? If you take 1858 to 2018 right now, that's 160 years, okay? Time period. Now, what we're going to do, we're going to look at a 10-year segment for that dataset. And what we're going to do, we're going to look at the year from the US dollars, the Canadian exchange rate, from 1998 to 2008, okay? So, if we do that, take a look at that 10-year period out of a lifespan of Canadian dollars that have been around, that comes out to 10 divided by 160, which is about 6.25, six and a quarter percent of the lifespan of Canadian dollars that's been around, right? Because whenever you're investing in something, there's two time functions, two time factors you have to consider. What is the lifespan of whatever it is you're investing in? And what is the lifespan that you're comfortable with being invested in whatever category you're putting your money in, you're parking your money in, right? So, you have to take into consideration the lifespan of the asset of whatever system you're investing your money in. And you have to take a look at the time span, your own personal time clock of how long you want to be invested in something, right? And I mentioned this previously in the introduction video when we talked about personal finance. Personal finance is very, as the name implies, personal. What I invest in may be completely different in what you might invest in, what someone else might invest in. The time period that I'm looking at to put money in and take money out may be completely different than the time period that you might be putting money in and taking money out, right? Ideally, what you want to do is not have everything in only one time period, right? That's one mistake a lot of people do.  Just put money into the markets, right? To me, that is a ridiculous statement. And whenever I talk to someone that starts talking in that general talking point scent, I sort of start poking the hornest nest and trying to make them appreciate that my lifespan is limited, right? From the time I invest to the time I pull out. If you're investing, for example, in the stock market, one of the things people say is, oh, just buy in, don't worry about it, the stock market will always go up, right? But that's a fallacy, right? Because your lifespan is limited. The stock market's been around over 100 years. Now, are you comfortable with parking your money in something and waiting to get a return out 100 years where it's gone up? Or are you comfortable with parking your money somewhere where the asset class might drop for 10 years and it'll take another five years for it to be more than what you invested in where you're going to be invested for 15 to 20 years, right? So please keep this in mind, timing matters. And we've talked about time before in previous videos as well, right? So we're going to take a look at a 10-year period in the lifespan of Canadian dollars. And that comes out to 6.25% of the lifespan that we're looking at, of the days that we're looking at. When it comes to the Bitcoin data set, Bitcoin has been around for around nine years, right? Some people consider it to be a currency, some people consider it to be an asset, money. So Bitcoin has been around for nine years. We're going to take a look at a 2.5 month lifespan of Bitcoin, what the price fluctuation of Bitcoin was relative to US dollars. And that comes out to about 2.3% of the lifespan of Bitcoin. Okay. So what we're going to do right now is I've printed off the tables and the graphs. So we're going to translate this stuff here and take a look at the rate of return for each of the different classes, for each of the different places you could have parked your money over a certain period of time. So let's put Canadian dollars on here. And what we're going to do is we're going to put Canadian dollars in pink. Okay. Take a look at this. I got a nice little pink tax here that we're going to put on here as a data points. I've got nine data points for each one, right? As the table indicates. So what we're going to do is I want to put this here, I want to bring out my felt pen. Okay. And we're going to put the Canadian dollars. Oops, let's do this one. I want to make sure we present this property so I don't want to make any mistakes. So I did sort of print these off on paper. That way we're not doing it just randomly. So what we're going to do is this is the scale we're going to use for Canadian dollars. We're going to go relative to exchange rate, Canadian dollars, relative to US dollars. We're going to go from 0.5, 50 cents, right? $0.5 all the way to $1.90. Okay. So since we're going to do this in pink, let me write these down here. Let me put the tax down. So we're going to go 0.5 and we'll talk about what these numbers mean. Okay. Hopefully that's coming out okay for you guys. 0.7. Oh yeah, these guys flip. These, these stickies that I have, for some reason they've set them up so they flip. So I have to flip them all around every time I write it. I got to remember that. 0.7, right? That way they're pointing in the same direction. Our next point is 0.9. Oops. Let's make the line bigger. 0.9. Line this up so it looks okay. 0.9. Let's give it a little gap the way it's to make it all symmetrical. Playing around with these things. 0.9. So we're going to 0.2 every time, right? So we're going to go 0.0 or 1.1. 1.1. Let's put it there. 1.1. And then 1.3. Which direction is this? Difficult to 2. 1.3. 1.3. 1.5. 1.5. 1.7. 1.9. Okay. 1.9. And what we'll do is we'll put the scale on the other side as well for Bitcoin. The value of Bitcoin. So that's our Canadian dollars. And Bitcoin's we're going to, again, we have nine points. And we're going to use blue tax and blue this. So Bitcoin, we're going to go just so they're comparable. This was 0.5, right? Dollars. This was 1.9 dollars. We're going to put $5,000 there and $19,000 in the top. Okay. So let's just do that and then we'll start talking about this information. 5,000. Oops. Wrote it the wrong way. I want it sticky to be in the other direction. 7,000. Flip this constantly. 7,000. Coming off for you guys. Yeah, we're still on the board. That's good. 9,000. 11,000. 13,000. 15,000. My fives always trippy. Make this look legit. 15,000. Put it on the right way. I did this. 15,000. 17,000. Got a little smudge on that. 17,000. Let's remove the 15,000. Might as well make it clean. 15,000. And the top one is 19,000.  Right? You do. Oh, I put it on the wrong way again. I want the sticky to be in the other direction. Let's throw that over there. 19,000. 19,000. So this is 19,000. Hopefully it'll stick there. Thanks. Let's do this. Where's the lid for this? Okay. Now, the time frame that we have, that we're going to look at the data set, right, that we have available in the table. Let me bring out the table here. Okay. Yeah. Now, for Canadian dollars, for Canadian dollars, we're going to go from October 1998. Actually, 1998 is going to be around the year. Okay. Because these scales are going to be, this is going to be 1995, because to fit them all in the same sort of crunched up frame, we're not starting off exactly on the y-axis at the zero point here. Right? So 1998, we're going to start around here, and we're going to go to 2008, which is going to be about here. Right? This is going from 1995 to 2009, and we're taking a 10-year span on that. Right? For the Bitcoin, the data set, the timeline, we're going from early December 2017 to February 2018. Okay. And the time span, we're basically going from November to March when it comes to our axes. Right? But basically, we're taking a two and a half month period for Bitcoin. Okay. So what I'm going to do right now is we'll put that tick markers here for Canadian dollars. Okay. And we'll put our data on, and we'll put the lines through the data so you see what the Canadian dollars, what relative to US dollars have done. Right? So let's put the Canadian dollars up. Should we put this in pink again? Sure. Let's put this in pink. Canadian dollars. So I don't mess this up. I have the axes set up here. Right? And between each tick is two years and nine months. That's the span between here and here, here and here, and here, and here, and here. Okay. So this is going to be October 1995. October, October 95. Okay. Then we're going July 98. July 98. Then we're going April 2001. Okay. I guess I should have put 1995 in. We'll just keep it like this. April, April 2001. Okay. Then we've got January 2004. January 04. And then we're going October 2006. So October 06. Right? And the last one is July 2009. July, July 09. Okay. Let me put my pen back down again. Now let's put this up. July 2009. Okay. That's our pink, pink guys. Let's put them there. So what we need to do now is put our points on here. So we're going to look at the table right now to do that. Okay. So for the table, our first data point is going to be October 5, 1998. Okay. And that puts us, actually that puts us, that's 98. July, October is going to be on this side. Right? And on October 5, 1998, one US dollar got you a $1.55 Canadian. Okay. So one US dollar in, what was the time? October 1998, which comes out to, I have the things set up here too. So it's about here, got you $1.55 Canadian. Okay. So we're right here, approximately. January 21st, 2000. One US dollar got you a $1.44 Canadian. Right? $1.44 Canadian. One US dollar, October, sorry, January 2000. January 2000. That's 2001. January 2000 is around here. So we're talking about here, April, it got you $1.44. So that's $1.30. That's $1.55. $1.40 is in the middle. So a little bit above. January 10th, 2000. 2002. One US dollar got you a $1.60 Canadian. Right? So January 2000, 2002, my apologies. January 2002. So that's 2001. That's January 2004. So we're around here. Okay. And you got a $1.60 Canadian. So we're up here right in the middle. Good money. Now, in June 2003, one US dollar got you a $1.35 Canadian. So June 2003, that's January 2004. Too much. I think this guy should be over here. That was January 2002. So this guy should be more over here. Okay. If we're going to keep the perspective legit. All right. Keep it to scale. Okay. So June 2003, got you $1.35. So that's January. So it's a little bit below here and got you $1.35. So these are $1.30. So we're like down here. Right? Approximately. In May 2004, it got you $1.40 Canadian. One US dollar got you $1.40 Canadian. May 2004. So here's January 2004. May is going to be around here. It got you $1.40. So we're back up to here in the middle. Okay. November 2004, one US dollar got you $1.21 Canadian. Okay. So one US dollar, November 2004, November, October 2004, January, so we're still around here. Right? So $1.21. So we drop. So here is $1.10, $1.30. $1.20 is in the middle. So we're about in the middle. Right? So 2004, so we're going to be around here and it dropped. Oops, went into the wall too deep. Okay. In May 2006, June, July, October. May 2006. Okay. One US dollar got you $1.11 Canadian. May 2006. So this is October 2006. So we're still below here. Got you $1.11. So here's $1.10. So we're basically on the line. So we're going to be around here. Okay. In November 2007. Okay. So that's 2006. November 2007 puts us, you know, about here in the middle. And that got you $0.94 Canadian. So $1 US getting you $1 Canadian, that would be par value. Now $1 US only got you $0.94 Canadian. Right? So your Canadian dollars were worth more than US dollars. Right? So US dollars was doing a serious drop. And that was November 2007. $0.94. So we're down here. Okay. This is $0.90. And the mark is going to be around here. So this is $0.90. We go across, we go across, a little bit above here. Right? And in December 2008, $1 US got you $1.30 Canadian. Pop back up. Right? Elastic band. It snapped back up. So $1.30 in December 2008. So $1.30 were, we were up here. So it bounced back up to around here. Okay. That's some serious movement for a currency. Right? Now what we're going to do is we're going to put this, put a string through these and connect them all up. That way you see the trend, the way it's going. It doesn't look like just random data. Right? So let's do this. So we start off here. Right? Let's take this over, push it in, lock it in. Let's see. We'll go one more time. That's the better way to do it. Okay. Comes here, goes there, comes here, goes there, comes here, goes there, comes here, and then goes here. Okay. Hopefully that comes out okay. Maybe we'll make it a double. Double it up so you see it better. Right? Make it darker. Now that is the trend that exchange rate, US dollars, the Canadian dollars look like for a 10-year period because we're going from October 1998 to December 2008. Right? So from here to there is around a 10-year period. Okay. So let me bring out my exacto knife if I can find it. Here it is. Let's cut this and then we'll tie it up. Let's give us a little slack. That's that. Let's cut off the extras. But again, this doesn't stop here. Right? The Canadian dollar and US exchange rate just continues on. Okay. We're just looking at a 10-year lifespan. Okay. That's the Canadian dollars versus US dollars. Let's put on the same graph US dollars versus Bitcoin, the price of Bitcoin. Okay. And what we're going to do is let's put our time line on the axis as well because for Canadian dollars from here to here is 10 years. For Bitcoin, we're only going to look at a two and a half month period. Right? So our graph here, if we're using the same colors for Bitcoin as we did for the Y axis, right? For the X axis, let's put this guy here. This is going to be November 21st, 2017. So I'm going to write this down because it matters. We're going to have different, are we? Yeah. We are going to have different months, same month appearing twice. So we have to put the days in there as well because it's a shorter time span. Right? So 21 November 2017, we'll put 2017 here as well. Okay. This is November 21st, 2017. And then we're going to go December 11th, 2017. So 11 December, 11 December, 2017. Okay. We're going to go December 31st, 2017. So the span between each one of these is 20 days. Right? For Canadian dollars, it was two years and nine months. For Bitcoin, it's going to be 20 days. Right? So 11, we did the 11, 31st December, 2017. Next one is going to be January 20th, 2018. So 20, Jan, 2018. Next one is going to be February 9th, 2018. 9 February, 2018. Oops, I wrote it backwards again. Oops, throw that over there. 9 February, 9 February, 2018. 9 February, 2018. And the last one is going to be March 1st, 2018. 1 March, 2018. Let's put this, put the cap back on the pen again and throw this on here. And since we're the these guys, the stickies with blue will put blue for these guys as well. So let me grab the table and read these things off. Okay. So the first data point we have is December 7th, 2017. So this, this is December 11th, 2017. So December 7th is going to be, if this is a 20 day cycle, right? In the middle is going to be 10 days, five days, two days beforehand. Right? So on December 7th, 2017, one Bitcoin cost $17,900. Right? So $17,000, $17,000 is over there, $900. So that's around $18,000. So it's almost in the middle. Right? I'm not going to put that guy there. Actually for this one, because I'm going to use a different color string, not a different color, but a different style of string. It's sort of like a Velcro. We tried this out in the previous video to see what it was. It was like and it was fantastic. I like the stuff. This is stuff I got from the gardening store from a sort of, what do you call it, sort of place where you get supplies for construction and stuff like this. And they have a sort of gardening section, but it doesn't bend easily. So I'm going to cut it. I'm going to go from one to the other. We're going to do little segments and attach them. So it's going to look like this, but we're going to use the tags these guys to hold the thing in place. Okay? So the first one is we got here.  I'm just going to take a whole bunch and cut it off. Make sure we have enough. Right? And let's cut this. This is great stuff. I can't believe I've never found this before. It's like a beautiful toy. So let's put this here. Right? So we're going to put our thing through it. Right? And then what we're going to do is we're going to put the next tag in. What is our next tag? Our next data point is on December 9th, 2017, one Bitcoin cost $15,178. Right? So December December 9th. So let's find out where that is. This is 20 days. That's December 9th. Oh, it is too. So it's really close. So we're right here. That's December 9th. Oh yeah, two days later. So that was December 7th. Oops, I need this to be over here a little bit. Putting a lot of holes in the walls. And then December 9th, it came down to just two days later, a drop $2,500. Right? So $15,000. Oops, $15,000 something dollars. $15,200 would be around here. And that's December 9th goes to here. Right?  What was this over there? I'm going to cut this here. And then I'm going to attach this here as well. I'm going to put our line through or our tack through both of them. And then where is this guy going afterwards? This guy's shooting up. So I'm going to, because this is Velcro, I can't really twist it. So I'm going to point it in the right direction. Okay. Point in the right direction. December 17th, $19,000. So we're going to go here. I'm going to put the tack through it. Okay. Now on December 17th, 2017, December 17th. So this is December 11th. That's December 31st. That's 20 days separation in the middle is going to be 10 days. So six days. So we're about here. We're about here. All right. One Bitcoin costs $19,141. So we'll just call it $19,100. So this thing shot up to here. Okay. To about here. So I'm going to cut it here. Right. So I'm going to cut it right there. And we're going to, the next one came down again pretty sharply. So we're going to put it here. I'm going to put a little, our tack through it. Okay. The next data point we have is December 22nd. It dropped and one Bitcoin costs $13,800. Okay. So $13,800, $13,800, $14,000 would be around here. So it's a little bit lower than that. And it's on December 22nd. So in the middle, if you add 10 days, that's December 19th. December 22nd is going to be around here. So it's coming to here. Okay. So let's put a little tick mark there. And let's cut this. How much was it? $13,800. Oh yeah. We're going a little bit too much. So let's bring it here. We'll cut it there. Okay. Let's bring a tack. And the next one shot up again. Okay. So that guy comes here. We're going to go here. And what was the next data point? Let's, before we put this in, we'll try to figure out where the next data point goes. Right? The next data point is December 26th. And it was $16,000. So December 31st is here. So December 26th is still on this side of this line. Right? And it was $16,000. Right? $16,000. So $16,000 is up here. So we're going to tag this. And then we're going to put this guy in. Right? Let's put this guy in. $16,000. A little bit over. Oh, right there. So we're going to cut this guy here. And what was the next one? Next one is $12,000. Almost $13,000 on December 30th. So it's just right there again. Still behind this line. So what we're going to do is I'm going to remove this guy.  Move up even. Right? I'm going to put that guy there. And then on December 30th, it came down to $13,000. December 30th, $13,000. So it's coming back right down again. Right? Right there. Okay. So we're going to put this in. And we need another tag. $13,000 right about there. I'm going to cut this. And then what do we got? January 17th, $11,000. January 17th. So it's around here. $11,000 is down here. Right? So this thing drops. Goes from there to there. So let's put a little attack here. Okay. Kick it down to here. $11,000. Yeah. Make sure we got the right amount. And then it drops again. February 5th, it goes down to almost $7,000. So we're going to cut it here. Let's make sure we got the right location. January 17th was $11,000. Yeah, about here. Okay. So we're going to cut this guy. Bring a little tack. And the next one goes down to February 5th. That's February 9th. So February 5th is going to be around here. It dropped down to $6,000. Wow. Wow. Wow. Look at the drop there. Right? So it came down to here. Okay. So it goes from there and lands us. Let's make sure we got a nice angle on it. February 5th. No, February 5th. Not February 7th. February 5th. That's 20 days. So yeah, four days before. So it's around here. Okay. So it's going to be around here. Let's do this. Right? So that's a good angle. So let's hit that there. Let's bring this guy. Oops. This guy here. And then the next one shot up again. So I don't think I cut enough. We're going to need more of the string. So 5th is going to be here. So I'm going to cut this here. And where's our Velcro? Look at the sample of Velcro again. We need, how much do we need? Oh, we need a little bit chunk. We got to go up here. So we're going to go, go, go, go, go, go. That should do it. Right? Let's do this. So we got this guy here. And on February 20th, it went up to 11,500. So February 20th. That's February 9th. 10 days is in the middle. It went up to 11,400. So we want to be around here. Right? So if we attach this here, the angle that we want is like that. Cool. So let's throw this here. And let's throw this guy here, which is February 20th. A little bit longer. 11,400 is right there. And we're going to cut this guy. Save that. Much easier doing it with ropes, right? Much easier. But I do like this, this Velcro stuff. Look at this. Right? You can make little loops. Pull it off. Cool. So what do we got? What do we got? These are the two graphs we're going to look at. Right? This is Bitcoin, relative to US dollars. This is Canadian dollars, relative to US dollars. Or US dollars relative to Canadian dollars. Right? Now they sort of fall to the same trend. Right? They start off high.  Right? Same trend. Now what you can do when it comes to looking at different places, you can park your money. One formula you can use is return on investment. ROI. Right?  Right? Now for us, both of these guys, depending if you bought up here, they both dropped here. If you bought here, you made money in both cases. Right? And let me show you what the formula is to calculate, to do this calculation. It's pretty straightforward. I mean, I wrote it down here. I'm going to pop it up. I don't know if it's going to show up or not. It's too far. Right? And my handwriting's not the best. Right? So I'll definitely, for this video, we'll definitely pop up the formula in the edited version of this video. Right? But as before, we are streaming this live. So for those of you watching live right now, this is the formula that we have. It's called return on investment. Right? And basically, you know, there's different different ways of calculating this, but I like this formula where it's just one fraction on top of and, you know, one fraction multiplied by 100, which is just basically your 100%. Right?  Right? In terms of mathematics, basically, you can think about this is because you can use this for anything. Right? It doesn't necessarily have to be the terminology that we use here. You know, return minus investment divided by investment or gain minus spent divided by spend. There's different terminologies you can use in economics to represent that. But in terms of mathematics, the only thing we're going to do is go point B minus point A divided by point A times 100, which gives us the converts it to percentages for us. Right? So let's do a little bit of calculation here to try to figure out what the return on investment would be if we bought into Bitcoin at its peak and Canadian dollars and or US dollars, I guess, park your money in Canadian dollars. Right? And take a look at what would happen, what the drop would be compared from here to there and from there to there. And they're, you know, they look exaggerated, but they're compatible. Right? Especially if you consider that for some Canadian dollars is just currency is fiat currency. Right? And based on interest rates and inflation stuff, it just depreciates overvalued. What you can buy with it gets less and less as time progresses. Right? So you never really want to be invested in a currency. You don't want to park your money over a long period of time in a currency. You want to be rolling that over into certain types of investments, certain types of assets, certain types of whatever it is that you're doing, right? Or even in yourself, right? If you held on to your money saying, thinking that price of something, if you were trying to get educated or trying to take some kind of course and stuff, if they're going to come down over a long period of time, then you're fooling yourself because the prices of everything are going to continuously go up relative to fiat currencies. Right? And for some, Bitcoin is considered to be a currency. For some, it's considered to be an asset class. Right? So we're doing a comparison between two things that are considered to be the same sort of class structure. Okay? So let's bring out our pen. Let's do, here, we'll stick. These are stickies as well by the way. So that's not bad. So let's put our stickies here. Okay, hopefully this will come out. If not, we'll do a pop-up in the edited video for it to show up. And we'll bring the data points here. So let's take the peak here for Canadian dollars and compare it to the trough here and see what the return investment would have been. Right? Now, keep in mind, this is the exchange rate. How much one US dollar would have got you in Canadian dollars? So the value of US dollars would have been depreciating. Right? One US dollar would have got you a dollar 60 Canadian. And at this point, one US dollar would have got you 94 cents Canadian. So the value of US dollars over this time span has dropped. Right? So as the formula, you know, we laid out is just point A, or sort of point B minus point A divided by point A. Right? So if you want, let's put the, actually let's do this. Let's put the values here so you see what those data points are. Right? So the data points are this. Canadian dollar at its peak, this was a dollar 60. Not Canadian dollar, but US dollar got you a dollar 60 Canadian. Right? So you asked, should I put this on? Would you even see it? Here's a dollar 60. But basically, you asked to, oops, CAD, they usually write it as, right? So let's write it out backwards again. So let's do it this way. So US to CAD, one dollar got you 160. Okay? So this would have been 160. That's point A for our formula. Okay? If you want, I'll stick this up so you see this as well. And then we'll take it off once we put the points on there. Right? This point here, 94 cents. So again, US to CAD, US dollars to CAD, one to 0.94. And that's that point here. So what we can do now is use this formula. Point B minus point A divided by point A times 100. That's your return on investment. Right? So point B, 0.94 minus 1.6 over 1.6 times 100. Okay? We're going to use the calculator. Okay? So the calculator, we're going to go 0.94 minus 1.6 is 0.66. And we're going to divide that by 1.6, which is going to give us 0.4125 multiplied by 100 is 41.25 percent drop. Right? So 41.25 percent, but it's negative. It was, gave you a negative rate of return. Okay? So what this means during this period, the US dollars relative to Canadian dollars lost 41 percent of its value of its buying power. That's a serious drop. Okay? That was a time where we're having, there was major, oh yeah, by the way, these aren't the 2017. So let me take these off so you know what the timeframes are. I was just looking at these going, oh no, these are the wrong dates on here. Right? So let me put these like this and then we'll put them back on for the Bitcoin of course, right? So let's put these back on. That way you get a full visual of what's going on. Put these back on again for Bitcoin. Okay? So the time span here was, this date was, when was this date? This was 2002 to 2008. Over a six-year period, US dollars relative to Canadian dollars lost 41 percent of their buying power. Huge. Okay? And this was a time, here let me put the dates on here again so you get a nice appreciation of what that means. Right? So this was 2002, 2002 to 2008. And this was during the, some people call it the financial crisis. If you've been watching my videos you'll know I refer to it as the biggest scam in human history. Right? So this is 2008. During a six-year period, US dollars lost 41 percent of the value relative to Canadian dollars. Wow. And then they pop back up again. Okay? Now again, timing matters. If you happen to buy US dollars in 2008 with Canadian dollars, you did good.  Right? If you want to figure out how much money, what your return on investment would have been for that, let's do that one too. Okay? Let's throw that back on. Let's put another sticky on top of here. All right? I hope these come up. If they don't, we'll do a pop-up for it. Okay? One US dollar got you $1.30 Canadian. Right? So this is $1.30. $1.30. One got you $1.30. And this was 94 cents. Right? So our formula is point B minus point A, point B minus point A. Let's pull this out again. Point B minus point A divided by point A times 100. So point B 1.3 minus 0.94 divided by 0.94 times 100. Let's do this calculation, figure out what that rate of return is. Right? If we punch this in, 130, sorry, not 130, 1.3 minus 0.94 is 0.36 divided by 0.94.  Positive. 38.30% return. Right? So just imagine if you were investing in something and you sold, right? In here, one US dollar got you $1.60 Canadian. Right?  Right? You wouldn't drop 41%. Right? You grab the whole bunch of Canadian dollars here, and then here you realized or assumed thought by looking at the data realizing that this was a serious drop over a six-year period, currencies usually don't drop 41%, not what do you call it, reserve currencies of the world, because US dollars reserve currency of the world dropped 41%. You thought, hey, maybe it's a good time to dump my Canadian dollars because Canadian dollars have gone up a fair bit in value and bought US dollars. And if you did that, you would have gained 38%. That's a pretty good return. And the time frame for this was, this was 2002. This was 2008. Right? That was a six-year period. And the last data point for that was 2008. Well, it was 2008. Oh, my bad. This was 2007. Sorry, gang. So this was 2008. Looking at far at the table gives me the wrong info. So this was 2007. 2007. Right? Right here. 2007. So your money dropped 41% in five years, and in one year, bounce back 38% positive. Right? Negative, positive. Wow. Huge for currency movements. And there are people that play currencies, right? I don't know if they play currencies for five-year period. I've never done it, but there are people who flip currencies on a regular basis. Okay. Now what we're going to do is figure out the rate of return for Bitcoin throughout of two US dollars. So let's throw these back on again. Then we'll have the right scale going across. And this is over a two-and-a-half-month period, right? So more volatile, right? But right now, Canadian dollars have been around for 160 years, right? Bitcoin has only been around in existence for about nine years. So two-and-a-half months out of nine years is a legitimate comparison for Canadian dollars 10 years out of 160 years. How long Canadian dollars have been around, right? So let's put another sticky up and do the same thing. Okay. We'll do the same thing. And where's our blue post-its? Oops. Oh, no. Don't fall. Look at this stuff. This stuff is crazy. Pretty fun. The toys we get at stationery stores, right? So take a look at this. Bitcoin, Bitcoin. At the peak, it was $19,141. We're just going to call it $19,000. Okay. $19,000 in December, 17th, 2017. $19,000. Okay. $19,000. Hopefully they're still showing up. Yep. You can see it there. The bottom was, what was the bottom? $6,955. We'll call it $7,000. Okay. $7,000. Right here. You can stick better. Okay. So we want to figure out the return investment here. Again, it's negative, right? Because it dropped. Boom. If you bought, parked your money in bitcoins, you would have lost more than 50%, right? But let's figure out what exactly that loss is. So our formula is point B minus point A divided by point A times 100 to convert it into percentages, right? So we're going to go $7,000 minus $19,000 divided by $19,000 times 100. Let's do this. What does that give us? $7,000 minus $19,000 is $12,000, right? Divided by $19,000. There's a hokey pokey calculator I got, right? So it was 0.631516. So basically we're going to call it 63%, but since we've taken everything else to two decimal places, we'll take this to two decimal places too. So 63, we're doing percent straight up, negative 63.16%. Let me put percent on here too. I've got to put percent on here. I think I put percent on here. I did, but I forgot the percent sign on the second one, right? So percent, okay? So if you bought Bitcoin at its peak on, what's the date on here? On December 17th, 2017, you lost 60% of the value of your asset or currency depreciation return on investment was negative in by, by February 2018. So December, December 17th to February. So January 17th, so in a month and a half, month and 20 days or so, you lost 63% of your value, right? Now, what would happen if you invested here and sold it here? And that was February 2018, right? And what was that value? Let's write down that value. That value is 11,400. 11,400. 11,400 right here, okay? And if we're going to calculate that, let's put another sticky here, do our calculation. And our calculation is going to be, let's bring our calculator to point B, point B minus point A divided by point A times 100. Point B, 11,400 minus 7,000 divided by 7,000 times 100. 11,400 minus 7,000 is 4,400 divided by 7,000 is going to be 62.86%. So plus 62.86%, right? And again, you could have done the same thing with, if you, you know, were invested in Bitcoin and you can take a look at the chart of Bitcoin. And we've talked a fair bit about cryptocurrencies in previous videos. I made a video letting you know my history with Bitcoin when I got involved with it in 2010, 2011. And we've done two other videos, at least two other videos just specifically related to cryptocurrencies and my take on cryptocurrencies and why they're, what their effects are going to be in our current economic system specifically related to blockchain technology, which is sort of taking finance and automating. And we talked a fair bit about this, right? I'm trying to summarize, you know, two or three hours of videos into just one sentence. It's not working out well. But if you want to get a feel for what cryptocurrencies are, you can take a look at those videos. But if you realized, assumed, speculated that if you look at this chart, this is starting off at around 18,000, right? When cryptocurrencies started nine years ago, you could have bought a lot of bitcoins for one dollar, right? Right now, one Bitcoin, well, not right now, at this point, one Bitcoin was costing you $18,000, a huge exponential on a logarithmic scale, even, right? So if you decided to liquidate your Bitcoin assets, your Bitcoins at $19,000, you could have bought back at $17,000 or even here. And you would have still made a little bit more money, right? You wouldn't have seen the drop, even buying here. If you bought here again, you would have had a positive 62% return, right? So you can jump around any type of investment, any type of asset class, any type of system you want to enter in, park your money in. The most important thing you have to consider, really, the one thing that you have to consider whenever you're investing something is time. And time is something we've talked about before, not specifically related. We have talked about it in personal finance and stuff like this, but we've talked about it in other videos, ASMR math videos, just trying to conceptualize what time is, right? And it's an extremely important concept, one place that a lot of people don't consider when it comes to investing their time, their money, their resources into a system, into a project. I really wanted to talk about this. I think the two data sets are compatible, they're legit to do a comparison on, and they've fluctuated a fair bit during the periods we've picked and relative to the lifespan they've existed, they're about the same in the same range, one digit lifespan of these assets, these currencies, these systems that are in play right now, okay? And keep this in mind, return on investment, the formula is so simple, it's ridiculously simple, it's just point B minus point A, all of it divided by point A times 100, where you end up minus where you started divided by where you started times 100 to convert to a percentage, okay? And we'll talk a lot more about this type of data, this type of concept and investing and take a look at different asset systems, asset classes, and we've talked a little bit about this in personal finance and economics as well, where we looked at the different types of places you could have parked your money over an extended period of time, may it be Wall Street, Stock Market, may it be housing, may it be salaries, may it be comic books, may it be cryptocurrencies, and what the rate of inflation was, what the valuation is and stuff like that, right? But I thought this was a little, this was a good little exercise for us to do, to take a look at how we could do a comparison between two different types of systems and get a feel for what's going on and how each system behaves and they behave very similar, right? Very similar, depending on your time frame of course, okay? That's about it for now. I'll see you guys in the next video.


Moving on, Women's Situation, Room Nigeria, Security Agencies and relevant stakeholders have told Kaduna residents in Nigerians to always report gender-based violence cases. They made a call at a one-day dialogue strategic awareness with security, religious leaders, community leaders and critical stakeholders with aim to foster ways and seek lasting solutions to end gender violence in the state. The convener of the Women's Situation, Room Nigeria, Kaduna Coordinator Kautume Abdulaziz said women and children encounter the most form of violence. So far we've been able to get a commitment from them to collaborate with community-based women, youth groups, religious leaders, traditional leaders to see how they can strengthen relationship trust and relationship to bring an end or to ameliorate issues of violence. This is the integral part of our life and as the election is forthcoming, we are calling on all to cut their votes peacefully, to avoid any form of violence, any form of hate speeches, anything at all that can ignite violence. We are calling on youth and women to stay away from that and to be ambassadors of peace in the society. The Kaduna State Commissioner of Police, who was represented by DSPS Abe Johnson, added that people must assist security agencies with vital information in combatant crime in society and also urge the general public, especially teenagers, to speak out against the rape, harassment, bullying and any other form of violence. To assist the security, especially the police in combatant crime, because the rate of crime now, you cannot do anything as a security person, as a police. You cannot do anything. You cannot enter any other place just to make an arrest and go out freely. So we please want the public to assist the police in combatant crime. Let it be peaceful. It is not do or die of fear. Let there be peace in anything we are doing. Let it be peaceful. That's my call on to them. To educate them and tell them to say no to rape, no to indecent dressing and all sorts of violence, bullying and the rest, because we tell them that when they see somebody around them that they feel that they are not comfortable with, that they feel it's a threat, they should alert the nearest security outposts or their teacher in the school or principal to work with women organizations that want us to partner with them so that we can bring an end and say no to violence against women. Today with this program now, we came to know that the Karnas state government has law.


Well, uh, Cat's Out of the Bag, this is the first video I'm doing on my own. Not really. I could swear now. I'm not going to because this is who I am and this is the content I've always created. It's who I am! So let's keep going! I will say, and you probably already heard this, the day after Nintendo told me, that's it! They sent me more codes for the Borderlands collection, the Bioshock collection at XCOM 2. So Nintendo, they have provided these games for me, which is really nice because 2K actually reached out independently, separately, and sent me a load of boxes and a little care package, which I now have to decide if I want to keep or not because they're kind of cool, but at the same time, they're also just red boxes. But, uh, I opened them and I unboxed them and the video was very boring, so here's, like, 10 seconds of it. I know 2K wanted to send me something. I didn't know what they were going to send me. Ah! Ho, ho, ho, ho! We got socks. I'm not even wearing any socks right now. That's perfect. Oh, it's just a pro controller. The one thing I'm missing... Okay, I don't want it. The game isn't here. Okay, so this one has a lot more stuff. A carry bag. A fricking, what, a snuggie? Oh, it's a robe! What the heck? Oh, it's even got the strap! What the heck? X-ray candle. Oh, this is what's making everything smell so nice. Oh, that does smell pretty good. Bean bag. Oh, you, like, heat it up in the microwave. Getting ready for winter about Season 2 late. XCOM Radiation Bath salts. XCOM package was, like, a pamper day at the spa package. So what's going to be the theme of Borderlands? It's a hat! Oh, it is so hot in this house. We have Joy-Con skins. That would be cool for someone. Gonna do a giveaway of this. I think that's everything. Not gonna lie. I'm most excited for the games. This is really awesome, though. There is so much cool stuff. All right, cool. Thanks. They didn't send me the games, but they sent me everything else in the kitchen sink, even bath salts and a candle. It smells really good, though. All right, despite Nintendo sending me the codes, I buy games. So I went out and I bought them anyway. I just want you to know, as always on this channel, I bought these games. I also got them for free. I don't know if I'm allowed to say this or not. I gave them away on my Twitch. By the way, if you didn't know, I'm a Twitcher now. I've been Twitching a lot, so I'd appreciate it if you went over and followed me there. We've been playing a lot of games, having a ton of fun. Here's a little bit. All right, but whatever. You're not here to see me open bath salts. You're here to learn if you should bother to buy these games just like I did. Also, XCOM, which I haven't bought yet, but I actually used the code for that one. So technically, Nintendo did provide XCOM too. Let's talk about these games. If you'll permit me, I'd like to start with the Bioshock collection. I think there's probably been more hype over Borderlands, which I completely understand. But personally for me, I love these games. The original Bioshock has always been up there, and I don't know. I feel like I say this all the time, but let's just say top 30 video games I've ever played. Released in 2007 for its time, it was a freaking terrifying masterpiece. From the start of the game, when you're playing crashes in the middle of the ocean, and you desperately swim towards a lighthouse, work your way down to an elevator, and then find yourself in the middle of a terrifying rapture, I was instantly hooked. In fact, I remember so vividly being absolutely scared out of my mind in that initial scene when a splicer is tearing into the top of the elevator, and then the door just opens, and I'm expected to walk out. Now, no thank you. From there, it's a roller coaster ride of genetic modifying superpowers and smashing people's heads in with a wrench.  The entity that you need to mutate your genetics and grow even stronger. So you get a choice.  I could never actually bring myself to do it back in the day. I never even knew what happened when you did harvest them. There's a different ending depending on which way you play through, and I always play through with the good ending, or at least what I consider the good ending. However, on stream earlier tonight, I got my buttons confused on the pro controller and harvested one for the first time, and, well, that was terrifying.  Wait, did I actually kill her? Oh! The second bio-shot game, isn't great. The entire thrill of the first game was stepping into the unknown, with everything in the rapture from man on machine wanting to end your life. The Big Daddy's being the biggest challenge of all. Just hearing that ground-shaking thud of a Big Daddy's footsteps from behind the wall was enough to send chills down my spine. But then in the second game, they go and make you the Big Daddy, and, um, it gives it a completely different feel. That kind of feel like I have a giant drill for a hand, and all these little peasants running around me mean and do nothing to me. There's no reason to really be scared of anything. And yet it's still set in that same wannabe survival horror setting, but it feels more like an action game, and the two don't really blend. It completely lost its atmosphere and wasn't nearly as exciting. It was made by a different team than the original game, and I don't know why in Heaven's name you would ever do this. I can't recall a sequel game that was made by another team that ended up being good. However, the original team came back to make the third game titled Bioshock Infinite, and Bioshock Infinite is infinitely as good as the first one, in my opinion. Bioshock Infinite leaned even heavier into that action-adventure genre. However, they built a world and an atmosphere that actually gelled with that genre. And I love the juxtaposition of this game starting with you on the ocean rowing to a lighthouse.  I found there was a lot more to explore in Bioshock Infinite from both the world and the gameplay. And overall, I felt the storytelling was much better in the third one while being a lot less creepy. But whaty! How does it run on Switch? I gotta say, and this is a spoiler for all of these games today. 2K, or whoever it was that ported them over, did a fantastic job at taking these games and throwing them on the Switch. Whether you're playing in handheld mode or docked, they look and play fantastic. Originally, all these Bioshock games released on 360 and you would hope for this, but I would definitely say these games look and play better on the Switch. These games are just flawless on the system. Uh, XCOM! XCOM! Uh, XCOM! I loved the original XCOM, but I never played the sequel. So hearing that it was coming to Switch was perfect for me. The XCOM games are turn-based tactic strategy games. And we don't have a great deal of those on Switch. Some standouts for me would be Mario and Rabbids. Fire Emblem, in a way, although Fire Emblem is so much more than just that. I'd say it's like half a term, and then the other half is like, anyway. I would go out on a limb and say XCOM 2 might be the best one. What I love so much about the XCOM series, unlike the other games I mentioned earlier, you get to create your own characters. You get to fully customize them. You get to name them. You get attached to them and you want to keep them alive as long as possible because once they kick the bucket, that's it! In this genre, I prefer this way of playing so much. I mean, I love Mario and Rabbids, but if you get a game over, you just reload the game and off Mario goes on another try. But in XCOM, if a character dies, you just gotta keep on going. You gotta start again with a new one at level 1. That adds so much tension and so much threat to every battle. The first time I ever played an XCOM game, and it's gonna be no footage of this because I was like 20 or whatever. I named all my characters off of me, my friends and my friends' parents. I don't know why I did that, but my roommate Drew, I made his dad and I made it look like his dad. Why? I don't know. We were a weird bunch. But Drew's dad, he was this big burly mustache sniper man. Let me paint a picture for you. We had them cornered. We were all but one. We were pushing them back past the front lines and they were all wiped out by a couple of aliens and then tragedy struck as a whole ship of aliens dropped behind my characters. And who was the furthest one back behind? Sniping his little heart out, saving the day Drew's dad. No! The actual Drew could hear me screaming from the whole way down. I actually ended that entire playthrough there and I think started again a year later. I was so heartbroken. Anyway, I really like the XCOM games and I'm glad one's on Switch and you should check it out. Borderlands. I know. I know. I know. I know. I know. This is the one so many people have been asking for, been excited for. Myself included. I know some of you might be sick of hearing this, but I live in Texas and just around the corner, there's a little game studio. Maybe you heard of it as Gearbox. It's just over there. They invited me around when Borderlands 3 was releasing. I got to play it like three months earlier and record footage of it. They even told me, hey, you could be the first person on YouTube with footage of the game. Wouldn't that be awesome? I said yes. And then I didn't know what to do with the footage as I have a Switch channel. I just sat on the footage and never used it. So I squandered that opportunity. They were really nice people though.  I know that was a disaster. We're not going to talk about it, but how hard would it be to put this on Switch?  Oh, well, you know, with the thinking about it by just up in the air. I was really hoping they would let me know. But no, I found out with everyone else during a direct that Borderlands was coming to Switch. I was very excited. This is perfect. The Borderlands collection has come with the pre-sequel, the original game, and Borderlands 2. Three games for the price of three games because Switch tax, nothing is cheaper. Nothing is cheaper. I'm sorry. Oh, it also includes all the DLC or the add-on content. I've never played the pre-sequel. Should I have played that before now? Who cares? There's so many games here I'm covering and they all came out like four days ago. Cut me some slack. I've played the original. It's okay. I was never a huge fan. It was Borderlands 2 that actually sold me on this entire franchise because Borderlands 2, it's a game. The best thing about Borderlands 2 other than the fact that it's fun is the fact that it's a game that is just built to play with friends. Even now in 2020, for some reason, it's really hard to find good multiplayer co-op games to play with your friends. I have friends from back in Australia and we have always sought out fun co-op multiplayer experiences and let me tell you, we barely ever find many. But Borderlands 2, back on 360, it was a way for all four of us to come together at one of our houses and sit there and join our Xboxes together with LAN cables and all that mess we used to do and just blast through Borderlands 2 while sipping down Mountain Dew and snacking on Doritos. What are they called? That's right, Doritos. And 1AM McDonald's Maccas Runs. Let me get back to my Australian roots for a second. 1AM Macca Runs. In the middle of Borderlands 2 sessions, I will never forget those times. I cherish those times. Anyway, I know there are a lot of games that will let you play with another player. They will allow you to play with two, three, four players. But not many games like Borderlands 2 where it's made with that mindset of playing with at least one other person, if not four. In fact, playing this game alone is not really a very enjoyable experience in my opinion. You really need to bring friends along, at least one for the journey. Other than that, the huge highlight of the Borderlands series across the board is just the gameplay. The biggest draw being the guns. Oh, man, the guns. There's just millions of different kinds of guns because they are all completely randomized. What the gun looks like, what the gun does, how many effects the gun has, how the gun reloads, how many different weapon fires, how strong the gun is, what the stats of the gun is. Everything is random. And they all do such weird and wacky things from the way they fire or the type of ammunition they have or even the reload animations are literally throwing the gun away, having it explode and magically just pulling out another one and you're ready to go again. These games keep you guessing with the weapons. It's never the same the second time you play. And I'd be remissed and yell it out down below if I didn't point out that the games are full with quirky characters, humorous dialogue, and funny moments around every corner. And I know I said it already, but let me clarify it again. Yes, just like with the BioShock Collection, these games look and play amazing on Switch. To go back to the years where I had to unplug my Xbox, find my LAN cable, throw it all into my backpack, log it to my friend's house, set it all up, cable is everywhere, destroying his parents' electric bill took like an hour to set the whole thing up and then we'd get hungry and go and eat.  We are in the freaking future. Oh, I kind of stressed myself out there at the end. I'm all tense. I'm all worked up. If only there was a way I could relax. I could calm down. I could. That gives me an idea. But smile. But smile. Why? They actually smell really good. Why? Why what? Why? I don't understand the why. I'm trying to have a nice relaxing. Thanks to 2K. You realize bathrobe doesn't mean you get in it and then get in the bath. That's not... I'm saying why'd you do it and I was going to say bath? And it's a very bad train that I don't want to take ever. Did you see my underwear when I jumped in? No, but you put out the candle. Oh no, my relaxing candle. Yeah, daddy's crazy. Sign me. What are we going to do? Well look, I couldn't do this before because this is barely family friendly but now rule books out the window. What did barstools do? I put that whole tube in here. I think they're just supposed to smell nice. I don't think there's any other reason. Don't drink the water. No, I'm sniffing it.  Really? Sure, I'm talking a bathrobe right now. Sign me. No, not the candle. Sign me. I think they conned me. Oh, James. I think they ex-conned me. Thanks for watching my video. If you could subscribe, I'd appreciate it. If you could like the video, I'd appreciate that too. But for now, I'm going to relax and just relax really, so thank you. Oh. It was my foot. I bet it was. I didn't do it.


Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites found in feeds and foods, which can cause cancer when consumed by ruminants. When aflatoxin B1, AFB1, is metabolized in the rumen of ruminants, it produces aflatoxin M1, AFM1, which is excreted in milk. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, has classified AFB1 and AFM1 as human carcinogens belonging to group 1 and group 2b, respectively. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that AFB1 and AFM1 exposure can increase the risk of cancer cell proliferation and invasion in cancer patients. In this review, the authors summarized the activation pathways of AFB1 and AFM1 and identify a panel of genes slash proteins slash mirenase that can be used as targets for further studies to evaluate the effects of AFB1 and AFM1 on cancer development and progression. This article was authored by Silvia Marchese, Andrea Polo, Andrea Ariano, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.