Think Tech Hawaii, civil engagement lives here. The morning of October 29th, 1988, the University of Hawaii's research vessel Moana Wave sets sail embarking on the very first oceanographic research expedition of the Hawaii Ocean Time Series program, often referred to by its acronym HOT. This program was developed by researchers in the newly created School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. Roger Lucas and David Carl, professors in the Department of Oceanography, spearheaded this effort and led the first expedition to Station Aloha. Located 60 nautical miles to the north of the island of Oahu, Hawaii, Station Aloha lies in the open ocean in the largest ecosystem on the planet, the North Pacific subtropical gyre. The primary objective of the HOT program was to obtain a long term time series to provide a comprehensive description of the physical and biogeochemical parameters of the ocean at a location characteristic of the gyre. All right, welcome back to Think Tech and research in Manoa, we have a special show so much so that I think I'm getting a little emotional about it. That's Dave Carl over there, the director of Seymour, the center for my Probuloceanography research and education, next to him is Angelique White and she is going to be running, maybe already running the Station Aloha program HOT, that's not the Opera Theater. It's not, I am. It's the Hawaii Ocean Time Series, okay, 100 miles north of Oahu. Welcome to the show Dave. Well Jay, it's great to be back at Think Tech Hawaii and be part of your great gig down here at Pioneer Plaza. Thank you Dave. Thank you for always supporting us for so many years. Angelique, you're a professor of oceanography and what is your role in HOT? I am slated to take over as lead principal investigator for the Hawaiian Ocean Time Series program, which I have said is kind of like taking over the New England Patriots from Tom Brady. It's an impossible task, so we're in a transition period where I'm really learning more about the program from those that have worked with this amazing research institution here at UH Minoas for 30 years now. 30 years today, as a matter of fact, October 30th, 1988, Dave had an idea in his head and he made it happen 30 years ago. That's right, it actually predates the date that we established the Station. It took about four years actually to think about how to design and implement a time series program like HOT and it involved a great number of people and a number of research symposia and workshops. Roger Lucas and I, Roger, my colleague at the University of Hawaii, a physical oceanographer and myself, a biologist and biogeochemist, put proposals in about 1987 to establish the Station Aloha, which, as you said, is 100 kilometers due north of Kahuku Point on Oahu, Hawaii, and we deployed there on October 30th, 1988 to actually physically start the time series and at that time we thought we might have a five-year run, maybe a decade at most and here we are 30 years later with an ongoing program that's funded for another five years with new leadership succession and a large number of scientific achievements behind us. So it's kind of a time for celebration but a time for keeping up the hard work that we've become accustomed to. It's great, 30 years is such a, it's fabulous. But Hawaii Ocean Time Series, what is it, Time Series? I'll tell you what I think it is. You study things out there. You study, you make a graph of various measurements and you do it over time. Is it that simple? It's that simple. You know, the earth is constantly changing. The ocean is constantly in motion. The atmosphere is changing as we know. There's carbon dioxide building up in our atmosphere. The ocean is a little bit opaque to change. We don't recognize change because the change is very subtle. So in order to make measurements and to be able to pick out systematic change from the background variability, you need to study a system time and time again. We've known that from Time Series on in terrestrial environments. You might need 30, 40, 50 years before you see a change in climate or in our case in ocean climate. So we are basically establishing the baseline. We didn't know how long it would take to get a sense of the mean condition of the ocean out at Station Aloha. But now we know, looking back, it probably took about a decade to be able to start resolving seasonal changes from the noise in the system. And now we've got very robust seasonal climatologies, we call them, the mean condition by month of the open ocean. And now we can start to look at the effects of humankind, changes in climate, changes in warming, changes in acidification, and these are things that have come out of our program. Just dawning on me that you have seen in measuring these over time, the climate change metrics, you've seen climate change develop over the past 30 years, you've seen a lot that way. Yeah, we have. And so the program actually has another major mission in that's education and training. And that's where my colleague, Angelique White, comes in. She is going to inherit the leadership of this program. And she has earned that because she's been involved in the program for many years, and we can ask her a little bit about that maybe right now, or maybe when we start the segment of the show on the future, because she is really the future. But maybe we can ask her to tell us a little bit about where she fit into this program, how many years she's been involved, in what role she's been involved. Yeah, let me ask you that. You've been involved in the program, what role have you had? And your line is, funny you should ask. Funny you should ask. Yes. I'm one of hundreds that have been involved in the program, both as a student. I was at Oregon State University, and Dave's my scientific grandpa. He was the advisor of my advisor. So I had just the incredible opportunity to come to Hawaii and to be a part of a very small part of Station Aloha, but conducting research both with the Center for Microbial Ocean Research and Education, and with HOT, as a graduate student. And then I was a postdoc. You were out on that ship a lot. I was out on the ships, yes. By and large for the sort of sister program at the time, which was Seymour, which was a science and technology center. And then I was a postdoc, and then I was a principal investigator and part of the Seymour project. So I've been working at this game, learning from Dave for decades now. So it's really a thrill to be one of the many that has been able to see these discoveries as we've been going along in the last few decades, because HOT really is responsible for a lion's share of our understanding of how the open ocean works. Where's all this stand up in a global landscape? How famous is it when Dave is put together here? How famous is it in Oregon and elsewhere? It's hot. It's hot news. It is the benchmark for open ocean time series. I mean, Dave has already brought up the Bermude Atlantic time series as the sister time series in Atlantic. They were begun on the same day, so happy birthday to both of them. Thirty years. Thirty years, I know. And that's a young time series, because as Dave's already brought up, we're just now starting to see the variability of the system. We're just now starting to see some of these properties change in response to the reign of humans on this planet. So it is an exciting time. We've characterized the seasonal cycles. We know what a day in the life of some of these microbes are. We know how they're structured vertically in the water column. And now we can start to ask these bigger questions of how humans and how larger time scales are impacting the change in these systems. So what's a principal investigator in this context? The joy of having the ability to write the proposal, to write the renewal grants, to organize some of the allocation of materials and supplies and personnel. So it's the oversight of the project, but the real fun part is actually being involved in the science, right? So getting to have a hands-on role and going to see, understanding how you can take these careful long-term measurements and assemble them into new elements of our understanding of how the microbial ocean works. The principal investigator, at least in starting the program back when, how did this decide, right, what were the worthy projects? And you sent me a copy of, gee, a big article that is, that was released, what, today? Limnology and Oceanography, which is a professional, I mean, a scientific journal. So I guess the first thing I want to know is what is limnology? Yeah. Okay. Limnology and Oceanography. These are the two parent disciplines of aquatic sciences. Limnology is freshwater. Limnology is saltwater. And many scientists in this organization, this is a professional society called the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography abbreviated ASLO. And this is probably a 20,000-person society worldwide that sponsors meetings and has a journal called Limnology and Oceanography. As you mentioned earlier today, a virtual issue called Station Aloha, a 30th anniversary, was released. This was a reprinting of some of the seminal scientific papers, some of the benchmark discoveries and achievements that we've made over the last 30 years. It certainly doesn't include all of the information, because we've got nearly 700 scientific papers that describe various characteristics and features of Station Aloha. But this is a collection specifically from this, that were published originally in this journal, which is one of the premier journals in our discipline. So we're very proud of that, and it's a very large swath of articles, everything from microbes to fish, everything from theory to models, scientific models on how the system works.  So this is not just a local thing, it's not just a Hawaii-based center of excellence, it's a global enterprise, and you had asked Angelique a little bit earlier about the role of a principal investigator, and it's really leadership, decision-making, the buck stops there with the principal investigator. If anything good happens, you're responsible, and if anything bad happens, you're responsible. And so far everything that has happened in Station Aloha has been good. We've had several principal investigators over the years, Roger Lucas, myself, Matthew Church, and now Angelique White will take over next August of 2019 as literally the lead principal investigator of the program. So there's only been a few, but we've had a lot of people come out to Station Aloha. We've had nearly 900 scientists, students, technicians, post-docs, volunteers, poets, reporters. We've had a whole swath of society come out there, but when you think about it, that's not really a large number of people considering the fact that more people have probably been to the South Pole than have been to Station Aloha. So we would like to open the door and make sure that people know that we go out to sea once a month for four days, and we always have empty bursts, empty sleeping quarters for volunteers, especially for students or for retired people, for taxpayers, for anybody who really wants to learn more about the work we're doing. And in fact, Jay, I know you haven't been to Station Aloha, but we'd like to take you there in a short set of videos. Is that okay? Yeah, let's do that now. Okay, let's go leaving port from our port in downtown Honolulu. We have had several marine operations centers in history. This happens to be Pier 45, and that's our flagship, the Kila Moana, which is a Navy-owned ship, and we operate it on a charter party agreement from the U.S. Navy. We be in the University of Hawaii. So here it is across from the Mattson Docks, and we're getting ready to deploy. We're walking up the gangway with a few last-minute items. We've already loaded the ship, and now we're leaving from Pier 45, coming around Aloha Tower, and out the shipping channel. So this is the main channel coming into Honolulu. So now we've rounded Kahe Point on our way to Station Aloha. You can see the Koulaos in the background, the Wai-Nai Coast. It's always a beautiful trip going out there. We always do it in the daytime because we arrange the cruises so that we leave at eight in the morning, and it roughly takes 12 hours to get to Station Aloha. So on the way out there, we make last-minute preparations. We have an escort with the dolphins, and we're heading out there to Station Aloha. Once you turn the corner, though, around Kahe and Kaheina Point, the weather often gets a lot worse, and here we are beating into the weather because we're actually going upwind usually against the trades. And we get to Station Aloha. If we could take a look here, we arrive there at night and we deploy some experiments right off the bat. This is an experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis. So we have to put this out on a drifting array out at roughly 3, 4 o'clock in the morning before sunrise, and here we are picking it up late in the day that same day. So we leave it out for 12 hours to measure photosynthesis. This is one of the experiments we've been doing for 30 years to measure the rate at which phytoplankton produce carbon, and here we are right at sunset, taking our experiment off of the... Here's another experiment we do. This is an experiment called the sediment trap array, and this is an experiment to collect sinking particles, which is super important in the ocean. We put that out for three days and pick it up at the end of our deployment period. Again, bringing it on board, and successfully on board. We've only lost this a couple times in over 300 deployments. So this is a very important data set that's used to measure the amount of carbon that's sequestered by the ocean. And these are the experiments coming off of our framework here, and then we take them into the lab and process them afterwards. This experiment has been going on, as I say, for 30 years, and we found that the climatology of particle flux has a seasonality, but it also has an interannual variability. This is another experiment. This one stays down for a year, and this is a very large bottom-mort experiment that we put out. Now this is the workhorse of a hot cruise. This is called the CTD, Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth. This array of open bottles we send down with these bottles in the open position, and this goes underwater on this cable that you see in the foreground. The cable is a conducting cable, which means you can send electronic signals down and allow it to catch a water sample at any depth from the surface all the way down to the seabed at 4,800 meters, and we sample the entire depth of the water column on every hot cruise. This instrument also has a series of sensors that measures temperature, conductivity, which is a measurement of the salinity. It has oxygen sensors, sensors for inherent optical properties, such as absorption and particle scattering. It also measures the fluorescence of the water. You can see the bottles being tripped sequentially there. So by the time this array is recovered, after about 1 to 3 hours, depending on what depth you go to, you have this beautiful water sample from all the depths of the ocean. And we use this for downstream analyses in the lab. We filter this water for particles. We analyze it for soluble materials. We do genomics on it. We filter and measure the DNA content, giving us an indication of the types of organisms that are there. We measure the physics, the physical properties of the water column, and here it is coming on board. You can see that this is a very dangerous operation. We do it very safely, of course. We've never had an accident, but you can see that there's a lot of room here for things to go wrong. This is a very heavy array. We're bringing it back with the crane and with the A-frame, and we have tag lines. Those two people on the side are the people guiding it to the platform. Once it's firmly delivered to the ship, we bring it back into a hangar. You'll see that in a second. It's on a movable platform. We bring it into a covered area. So we get it out of the inclement weather and the sunlight, and we start sampling it. And here it's like a mad fury to get the samples from all depths of the world ocean to take it into the laboratories aboard the ship to make various measurements of the biology, the biogeochemistry, and the physical properties of the seawater. And we've been doing this month after month since October 1988. Here you see a few of the—now we're in the internal laboratories of the vessel, where we filter the sample and collect waters for other purposes. This takes a team of dedicated scientists. We typically sail with anywhere between 15 and 20 scientists on every hot cruise. Everybody has a different station they work at. And that's it for going to Station Aloha. We're safely back now in the studio here at Pioneer Plaza at I think Tecawaii. But that's a rough idea of what we do. Every month at Station Aloha and Jay, you're cordially invited to join us on one of the future hot cruises. I have that on tape now. That's Dave Carl, eventually quite, from the Hawaiian Ocean Time series, which is having its 30th anniversary today, and we're going to talk more about that right after this break. For more than 100 years, American Humane Association has been teaching kids to be kind to animals. Because in our homes, on the farms, on the silver screen, and wildlife conservation caring for the world's vanishing creatures. But we can't do it alone. Visit kindness100.org to find ways to teach kids how they can make a more caring, compassionate, and humane world for all of us. It's so great to be with you guys, Dave Carl, Angelique White. This must be so exciting for you. You spend a fair amount of time on these ships already. So you know the story, but now you emerge as a principal investigator. So what is your view of that? We saw some of the instruments that are being used in those four-day visits to the ocean. We saw, well, we certainly got the idea that this whole project embraces the ocean in every way that science can think of. I think this is an ever-evolving program. So as new technology has emerged, they've been embraced by the program, the Wine Ocean Time series, both here at UH Manoa, and internationally serves as a platform for other researchers to come and test new instruments and test new approaches and really see if we can start to understand the microbial world in new and exciting ways. And I think we've got a video of sort of a classical measure of some of these aspects of microbial oceanography that I could walk you through coming up. Yeah, let's see if we can find that. That would be great if we had that. Ah, is that it? Right, yeah. So, you know, the old-school nettoes, so since the time of Darwin, the easiest way to look at the diversity of microbes, since they're too small for you to see with the naked eye, is to tow a fine mesh through the water, and that's what you see here. So after 15 to 20 minutes, what looked like it was pristine, beautiful blue, maybe devoid of biomass, actually is this rich soup of organic material with a wide array of organisms that are spending their daily lives acquiring carbon to build new biomass than out of the kindness of their microbial hearts sink to the bottom of the ocean floor and get caught in Dave's particle interceptor traps. So we're combining these sort of older classical technologies with new automated imaging technologies to capture the morphological and taxonomic diversity of the base of the food web. Okay, morphological? Different shapes and sizes. We might even have a few pictures of organisms we could show. Taxonomic? Different classes of organisms. So organisms that have silica shells surrounding their bodies, organisms that have here in this photo we're looking at, nitrogen-fixing organisms, and the grazers that consume them. There's a whole range of things that you, actually I don't even know what that one is, and I think that's a part of the, I'm sure somebody does, but that's a part of the wonder of that becomes a crab. That's a face. No, it's not. Yeah, it's a juvenile crab larva. So there's an incredible variety of the shape and color and trophic roles of organisms. You have these symbiotic organisms, right? So there's a diversity that one doesn't really appreciate fully just by looking at this sort of blue endless summer of the North Pacific. Yeah, yeah. It's so interesting. It's an endless summer, and you see and expect to see, you know, blue infinitely for thousands of miles. It's really, I really like that. There are secrets there, secrets that even Captain Nemo had no idea. So, you know, can you give us a praisey on how this kind of science has developed over these 30 years? Yeah, well, Jay, this is, as Angelique said, it's an evolving discipline, oceanography as a scientific line of inquiry is about roughly 150 years old. Maybe it started with the Challenger expedition or majesty ship which went around the world and published a large number of volumes on the discoveries that were made. They actually made a port call in Honolulu, and we've got some beautiful images of King Kalakaua and his team going down to the Challenger and having lunch aboard the vessel. Take a look at that if we could. We don't have any hands over there. We have some old photos. So the Challenger at Hawaii actually played a role in the founding of the field of oceanography. Fast forward to the creation of the university in 1907, University of Hawaii. And about 1921, we turned to David Starr Jordan, the president of Stanford University for some advice on how to build and grow the University of Hawaii, which had just changed its name from the College of Hawaii to the University of Hawaii and building in new different programs, especially in the sciences. And Starr Jordan, the president of Stanford, was a marine scientist. So he said, look, you're sitting on a platform in the middle of the most important ocean on this planet. You should turn to the sea. You should become the place where people do oceanography. And fortunately, the fathers of our great university took that to heart. And in the 1960s, they built incredible marine research programs, especially expeditionary research programs that had large research vessels, which is what you need to get access to the sea. So since about 1965, the University of Hawaii has been operating any one of a number of a fleet of vessels. We currently have one major vessel, the Kila Moana, which you saw earlier in the show. We started the Hawaii Ocean Time Series program with a ship called the Moana Wave, which was another Navy ship that we were operating for the Navy. And the Moana Wave operated for 75 or so hot cruises through 1999 when we retired it. Its final cruise was a hot cruise. And then we had another ship called that Kaimikaio Kanaloa, the wanderer of the seas of Kanaloa, a Hawaiian word for this beautiful ship, which served us for 85 hot cruises, and we just retired it about two months ago. So our program has outlived these major research vessel assets. And we have right now a beautiful ship, a beautiful platform to work on, but we need a second one. So if anybody listening to this great show is of the means to donate support for a new research vessel, we would be all ears. OK, well, let's give them a moment to call and write and donate, who knows, maybe get some calls. We've been talking about here on Research in Manoa, the Hawaiian Ocean Time Series. And that has been, what, part one. We're now going to go to part two. So we'll take a break. This show is going to evolve into the next part two. So stand by, and you'll see some more. And you'll learn exactly how many voyages have been made to Ocean Station, Aloha.


Hey everyone, welcome to a coca-lip. So we're gonna be talking about the SSR selector But before we talk about it, let's go through the new skins actually that I think you guys will be interested in and this one is For Vivi and the other one. This is for Nightingale. This one is an old skin while Vivi, I think this is the new one that they Are putting out so look at that so Technically, I'm I'm eager to get this one, but I'll have to think about it for a while. Let's go guys to the update so In my thumbnail, it's good. It was featured there that there's going to be an SSR selector Okay, and gonna teach you guys who to choose or who to select Okay, I'm not gonna talk about the other features of the update. You can actually reference this in The update in their Facebook account. I'm gonna be talking about the 8 to 14 days launch check-in event goddess aria So add 18 to 14 days launch check-in event goddess aria check in for 10 days to get Fenriris exclusive SSR vibration arms So ppf 41 then check in for 14 days to get SSR selection chest SSR case lineup completion chest Okay So this is the lineup that you can choose from so 12 out of all of them SSR So the the choices will be Yulia, Fenriru, Camelia, Kiki Powerette, Garula, Regina, Neftis Neftis Seth, Diana, Wadjet and Bastet. So I'm gonna give you guys my five recommendations for the picks and Let's move on to those so again. I don't want to repeat the picks I just want to inform you guys my top five picks for the selector Okay, I'm gonna be I'm gonna be sure about three of them because three of them I have used and they are wonderful. I'll start with Kiki here So Kiki is really good, especially with DPS Let's look at Information on her skill here So for Kiki Magic damage on single row This one also there's a huge damage at 264 magic damage to a random row of enemies additional 20% attack is applied to Attack is applied to this skill. So again, she is pure DPS and Her passive would be to end the battle with least movement Kiki arise will be prepared She starts full rage at the start of the battle Which is actually terrific when her HP is higher than 60% launch any attack grants peers plus 10% and stacking up to 30 times and lasting for three rounds. So again She aspires a lot of DPS for her kit and wouldn't you want to summon for that one next on the list would be Yulia Yulia is one of the top Defenders damage absorption is her trick. So charges forward dealing 122 physical damage. Obviously, she's not the damage dealer. She is one of your best defenders and She taunts by the way So Yula catches the enemy at the moment dealing 170 physical damage to target and surrounding enemies with a and times 40 percent chance to inflict taunt on each row Target for one round. So again, the taunt is very useful because this really makes them attack Yulia and skips whatever they need to do and Her passive here the hunter always appears as pressure Yulia for every 10 percent of HP decrease damage reduction increases by 5 percent up to 25 percent. So she's one of the best defenders Slash damage absorption that we have next is going to be Fenriru One of the best DPS Cases that we have so physical damage on a single row of enemies for her attack her special 154 to four random enemies and 45% physical damage to targets with HP below 50 percent Additional 20 hit is applied to this attack. So again, this used to be all but now it's for random enemies I don't mind. She still packs a punch. So again Yulia is one of your DPS Options for her passive. So a starter battle increase attack by 15% armor resistance plus 15% for four rounds. So again They are the best Either you get Fenriru or Kiki for DPS Yulia is going to be for defense and the other two which I don't have at this point I'm going to pull one of them First and foremost, it's going to be actually I have one of them here. I'm not using her Where is she? Okay, Neftis. Neftis. So Neftis is suited for she has heal with the lowest HP of 95% for her basic one and Heals allies in the same row for 173 attack each enemy with burn Increases the healing effect. So she's ideally good for burn teams, but as a healer Her kit is good already. So burn software. This is a nice price to pay for being enemies of Neftis Neftis inflicts burn on two random enemies at the start of the battle lasting for two rounds So she herself inflicts burn if you don't have anybody who inflict burn But definitely she is going to be best used in a burn team So the one that I don't have and probably I will pick in a selector is going to be Diana Diana here for me For me is the best healer in the bunch and I'm happy that she's in a selector I've been having difficulty getting her for her attack Diana launches an attack that deals 100% magic damage to a single enemy. So she does attack then for her special So opens her trunk and heals three allies with the lowest HP 464 percent attack three allies with the lowest HP. That's a big heal. There's an there's a 50% chance to apply the heal equal To fifth there's a 50% chance to apply healing equal to 65% of attack to allies with less than 50% so again her kit is very very good for healing I think she's one of the best if not the best healer as SSR and her passive is At the start of the battle she grants herself that damage no more than 40% of max HP for two rounds She grants herself single damage No more than 45% maximum. Okay. She it's it's kind of a self buff for her so again those are my five options for you guys and It's up to you what to prioritize who to build for if you're asking me prioritize either Fenriru and Kiki DPS is really DPS cases are really hard to come by if you have Both of them probably get the other so that you could round out your lineup already so that is it guys those are my recommendations for the global launch SSR selector box and Again, you know who to choose from your amp. So thank you very much guys for staying this far.  This is the warden and I'm out of here


But yeah, so Polymer Summit happened. It was really good. I recommend everyone to watch all the videos. Let's go talks. It's even supercharged. There is a supercharged. I do say so myself. Yes. You were involved. Monica was involved. Yes. Even I was involved. You were. They let you on stage again. Yes. That was very good. I want to talk to you. I really liked that Polymer Summit was Justin's. Yes. And he was talking about lit HTML, like with the sort of. Yes, and that really spoke to me because he wrote an like he wrote basically a V-DOM alternative or a different take on V-DOM. And I've been playing around with V-DOM a lot basically because of tasklets that we talked about in the last podcast, which hopefully everybody has listened to. Do you want to do like an American TV show previously? Previously. On H2B 2.0 for you. Because of my voice. So it's just something slew. That was really good actually. So I've been looking into V-DOM and it took, I heard about V-DOM a lot and I knew basically what it did, that you had like an alternative in-memory representation of the DOM. And if you changed something, it would just create a completely new version and then find out the differences. But I never realized that is a solution to the data binding problem. If you look at Polymer, usually like annotate this attribute should always have the value of this variable that I have in my state. Right, right. And whenever it changes, there's some magic going on that realizes, oh, this has changed. I should therefore also update this attribute in the DOM. Yeah, and I worry a little bit, especially when it's two-way data binding. And you look at the implementation and I just never understood it. There's like mutation observers, but also you create magic gathers and setters so you can hook into the mutation of the variable. And if either of the sites change, you have to do all the piping. And it is not easy to implement a proper two-way binding thing. And then Vdom comes along and basically says, don't worry about the two-way binding. We're just going to like re-render the entire tree as an object and figure out what changed for you. Right. And in terms of algorithm, that is simpler. If you want to do like a really good diffing algorithm, that's not easy. But in terms of how it works, it's easier to understand. And I never realized, OK, so Vdom is a solution to the two-way data binding thing. Right, it becomes very one-way. Yeah, and then on the other hand, you would use events to bubble up changes back into your state. And that kind of makes sense. But then after I understood that, I thought about it more and more. And I was like, this is, once again, developer experience over user experience. Right. Because it is a great developer experience because that sort of way you're re-declaring the world every time, it sorts out a lot of state bugs. You put in a fairly small library. If you look at Preact, it's 3 kilobytes. That's tiny. And it does all these things, plus components and other stuff, even. But also, it completely neglects the fact that if you have a decently sized document with a couple, let's say a couple of thousand DOM nodes, there's sort of diffing going on that is completely unnecessary. Because you, as an developer, know that the big portion of your document is static and doesn't change. Right. And you pay that cost per node, not per change. Yeah. So VDOM, I guess the VDOM update or render call scales with how big your document is. Yeah, to some degree. And there's also should component update, which is you sort of get out of jail. If there's a large part of the tree that doesn't change, then you can in the React world sort of avoid redoing the work there. So we've got this virtual DOM idea that React uses, where you're paying the cost roughly per node that exists. Whereas HTML and HyperHTML, which does a very similar thing. And I've been looking at HyperHTML. I think Justin even called out HyperHTML as one of the inspirations for the HTML. Oh, cool. Oh, excellent. So they use tagged templates, JavaScript, string, literals, dot com. Is that right? With some of those words, maybe not in that order is the thing, right? I think you're right. But I think I want to also have it as a shirt. Sure. So the benefit of using, so you've got your HTML in the sort of string part of the template. Which is a very common pattern to have. If you have a custom element, you want to have your shadow root markup, for example, or just some styles or something in there as like an HTML string most of the time, which is what JSX does in one way or the other. And this one is basically, without the JSX pre-compilation bit, and instead using the HTML tagged template string literal. So one of the benefits of that is that it knows that the string parts of the template do not change. No, because what you use is the thing about tagged template string literals is that these are the things in case people don't know, the back takes, the new back takes strings in JavaScript are template string literals. And you can tag them by putting a function in before that. And that means that the JavaScript parser will bisect, dissect the string into the string bits and the bits where you do the $curly braces things to put values in there. And then you don't have to put the verse directly. We can do some processing on that first. And what Justin does is that he generates a template tag, the actual HTML template tag, and replaces your interpolation variables with a placeholder. So he basically remembers in the template tag where values can mutate. And that means whenever you change a value, he doesn't have to div the entire tree, but already knows where to jump and where to compare. And that makes a big difference. Yes, HyperHTML by Andrea J. Marchi is implemented very similar. Even if you've got that interpolation bit in the middle of a string, in the middle of a text node, I think what Andrea does is actually at compilation time inserts a comment in there that you can then go and pick out and then replace that node with whatever you actually wanted in there. I think Justin just does it with some text and goes and finds that text. I think he just creates a separate text node, but I'm not 100% there. But most of the time you just have two operations. Either you set an attribute or you replace a DOM node in the template. And that's the two operations. You can extend it. You have an extension API, a parts API, he calls it, where you can decide, actually, this is supposed to be a property or an event listener. Right, yes. But at its basic level, there's only two parts, which is attribute modification and node replacement. I played a little bit with HyperHTML. You've played with it. I think it's a very interesting pattern. I feel like it could be the next move of what is the thing on the web, where it's a very nice middle ground, because I always did the manual. I just write a custom element. I know what things I need to change and we'll just mutate the manually with query selector and just setting the things. And this is getting most of the developer experience without paying as big of a performance cost as with a pure VDOM dipping approach. Absolutely. And that is really, really nice. The Almighty Jank. The Almighty Jank. That's a good wrestler name. I like that. The Almighty Jank walks into a ring and it just freezes while the other guy just walks around. Takes a chair from the side and just goes. Hits him and he just falls over. It just doesn't. Turned into a cardboard cutout at any time.


Good morning everyone. Oh my gosh my voice. I woke up literally five minutes ago. It is 8 a.m I'm going to spin class. I'm just start off my nice kind of work day in my life It's gonna be fun one. I'm very excited for this vlog. You guys are new here. Be sure to subscribe We're gonna be going to some events and you know stuff. I Just finished doing my makeup. I need to leave in 40 minutes. I probably should curl my hair But I just I'm not feeling it today. I think I'm gonna wear this blue jumpsuit. Here's my look for the event This outfit is from Fashion Nova these white heels. I have no idea where they're from. I haven't feel like ever I'm just wearing my hair natural.  I think this one I don't know the problem with this romper is that literally yeah, see that's the problem Okay, I'm kind of in a rush but clearly I'm very pale right now So I'm just gonna put the glow goes a radiant body lotion on this is from Bath and Body Works Okay, hopefully it ends up being fine. Okay, this before and after is unreal. This is actually so good Here it is definitely a try it out today After I go to the event. I want to get some work done at Alfred's in Beverly Hills because I'll just be in the area So I'm just packing up my backpack. I typically bring a book My passion planner as we know Laptop beats headphones just pretty much anything that I need to work But yeah, I just want to get some stuff done while I'm over there last thing I'm gonna do is Highlight my legs. This just gives you a nice summery glow especially because right now I am not tan at all. So you just put it down like the middle of your leg. I Wish I had necklaces to add to this. This would be really cute It looks a little bit weird of my backpack, but this purse is nasty gal the rompers princess Polly Turner like have no idea This is fashion Nova and these are Windsor. I want to learn how to do like the perfect slipback pony You know it's where it's like that'll take him a facelift. Oh, hey guys. I feel like this morning has been rushed It really hasn't been it's just the fact that ten minutes before leaving. I decided to change my entire outfit So that's a wrap. I also cut my finger this morning when I was making breakfast. It's very painful I also haven't had a cold brew this morning yet, and I feel Crazy I'm today is kind of just a I have an event. I need to do some work I have hopefully my office chairs are coming. I kind of just need to do some work on my office I think I have a good unboxing and stuff So it'll be a fun little worked in my life and then tonight I have connect group for church And then after it's my friend's birthday Hannah for us here if you guys watch her videos So we're gonna go out for her birthday, which will be really fun. Anyways, I'm taking my cousin as my plus one So I'm going to pick her up from work right now. I have cousins who live here. I've talked about this in vlogs I live with one of them you guys just never see him because he's been on tour like pretty much all year But yeah, if you guys haven't already be sure to subscribe While you guys are watching this I'm actually already in New York So be sure to follow me on Instagram so you guys can see everything and yes, of course, I'll be vlogging I'm very excited trying to be productive today Okay, so I'm gonna listen to a podcast Podcasts make me feel like I'm really on my game comment down below any podcast recommendations Do you guys have I like a little bit of everything? Mostly though if I'm listening to a podcast I like it to be like, you know, I'm motivated motivation. I guess motivational like work related My favorite podcast right now is Dax Shepard's armchair expert podcast guys. It is so good I know that it's doing really well. So like everyone's talking about it, but it is seriously so good No one asked about that what no Right in between right in between. Uh-huh. Yeah, there's a little pocket there that I run those Bellevue Right Bellevue I love life and today. It's just good. I'm just sitting here thinking about how I just love life. Love you guys What's wrong with me, but I really do like wow It's my cousin I see her I'm gonna play Cardi B now So excited For the one that I said the most time with Okay, Alyssa, you know what bath tub that looks like do you remember was the American Gold all bath Hugs that we all had that really is what this looks like. That is so cute And um These are so cute. This drink literally just tastes healthy, but it's actually very good. That is everything This is so cute It's like my driving Stop the event. I'm in Beverly Hills now going to Alfred the reason that I go there so often is because it's right next to my spin cost I love it. I have a lot of friends who work there, and I'm just a big fan. So haters back off Anyways that event was so fun. It was so good seeing Alyssa my cousin I'm really close to my family, and I'm like really lucky because some of them live here It's from nature lab, but I'm gonna haul this stuff later I know I've talked about Montel fish a billion times, but seriously guys his music is Unreal it is so good. I've been listening to have a ton today. I'm just in a really good mood I mean the Sun's coming out now. I'm like I'm so opposite if it is sunny out. I'm like, oh if it's gloomy out I'm like wow.   So I'm very very very excited Comment down below if you guys know what coffee drink I got I put that on an Instagram caption and you guys all You all know also if you guys are watching this and you guys are coming to my New York meet-up Or you don't know about it. I'm having one tomorrow from the day this is posted on Saturday I really hope to see as many of you guys there as possible. I'm so excited Okay, it's not 3 p.m. I'm home Okay, so I'm gonna do an unboxing haul thing My chairs came in which I'm really excited about so I'm kind of just gonna be doing some office work for the remainder of my work Day, but my shirts are here. So this is the first one drop your stone Drop your stone basically means to like stop casting judgment on people and stop like throwing a stone at someone when you have like no Right to and then This one says your love is wild. They're like 80s inspired vintage Revitalities, that's why they're like 80s and then there's this one It's like heaven's open over us and it's the flags, but I am so excited I'm gonna take some pictures They are going to be on sale a week from today June 1st And they're only available for the month of June So if you guys like them be sure to check them out pick them up I'm literally so excited about this launch like this is by far my favorite merch thing I feel like I say that every time I do something new with merch, which is I guess a good sign So I went to the nature lab Party earlier. That's where I was at and they gave me a goodie bag. So I'm just gonna haul some of the stuff I'm excited to try them out because I haven't before so I have the nature lab shine shampoo And then the color protectant shampoo, which is good because I'm really bad about taking care of my color This one is the volume conditioner. This is the shine conditioner also have the Amazing perfect volume texture mist. Okay, I'm gonna can I just put this on now? I love texture sprays I just recently like started using some I'm out of my night now though perfect volume blowout jelly colored heat protectant Okay, this is also good. I want to learn how to do a really good blowout from home repair treatment mask Which is also a color protectant. So I'll be trying these out I'll probably put them on my Instagram story or something if I like them. So stay tuned. I have this box. I Don't know wait. Oh, I think this is my drunk elephant skin here. This box is heavy No way. Oh my gosh There's a cute little car. It is so cute an elephant walks into the bar. This is actually so cute I have the jelly cleanser love that stuff The daily defense protect and glow sunscreen. I actually don't have this is one of the few things I don't have my eye serum. So there's this C tango eye serum the Shava complex Wow awaken and renew and this one is to firm and brighten I am literally in heaven right now. This is amazing because I just ran out of this It's the C firm a day serum the night serum Okay, proteiny polypeptide cream and then the whipped cream. Okay. This is amazing This is Literally the best thing to oh to ever happen to me. I'm so happy right now. Oh my gosh, okay? They wouldn't bother me on I was not expecting this. Thank you so much. I wow I get ready for skin care routine Okay, this is my favorite product by them that I've tried so far. It's the facial oil It is next level I text me the other day and asked me like my two favorite things that you should get from them Right now my favorites are the C firma and then the luxury facial oil If you're just getting two things right now the baby facial which I have this I've only used it once I have like a mini sample of it and I really liked it daily defense another sunscreen.  It's really big.  Oh My gosh, I'm literally so excited. Oh I literally just have a travel set of drunk elephants. I'm so sad. Thank you so much. I am literally I'm so happy right now. Wow. Wow. Thank you Okay, now I'm gonna try to set up my chairs. I Can't get over this. This is the most beautiful thing I've ever seen in my life My chairs are finally here and I got new blinds. So the office is just looking so great to hear my chairs They're from dormify. It's all really starting to come together. It feels so cozy in here I also got this whiteboard. Um, it's just like a wall thing From Amazon, but it kind of creased a little bit and honestly for the price I paid I wish I would just got a normal whiteboard, but I thought that this would be cool And I should have just got a normal whiteboard, but it's not a big deal I'm gonna make this wall like an entire mood board. I just need to do that probably like within the next few days I'll do that, but here my chairs want to make I know this is really extra because my kitchen is literally on the other side of the Wall, but I want to make instead of like a bar cart like a coffee cart in here But obviously would have like different things like an espresso machine or something that we really don't still need to get these framed But wow progress is being made. I need to get good pillows. Send me some good pillows guys. Wow Doesn't that look perfect? Also, I know that I've shown this in videos, but this rug I just got this recently. It's from rugs USA. Oh, everything just looks so cute. I love it So it is now 7 10 p.m. I'm heading off to connect group soon and then to my friend's birthday thing So I'm gonna end the vlog. I've obviously changed and I am honestly just so happy with how this office is turning out I am so close to really kind of having it the basics be done I just need to get the clothing racks and then a rug I eventually do want to get a new desk But I mean there's always gonna be things that I want to do it looks like you guys are gonna have an office tour much quicker than anticipated And I can like really start using less like I've had my office for a while Since like February and I use it, but like it just isn't it wasn't like what I wanted just exactly You know like I love it like I absolutely love it But it wasn't like set up in a way that's like perfect And I just seem to like organize some stuff and get rid of a lot of stuff and then just it's so close To being something that is like amazing. Yeah, this was just kind of a day Where I was working, but I wasn't filming. I'm gonna be answering some comments, which is something that I do fit in my vlogs now Someone asked me do you ever get insecure about your valley girl accent? No, I also think it's weird cuz I'm from Texas But something that Joe and I always say is that like if you're secure in yourself, you can't really get offended.  It's like I'm like, I don't know like I love people and I care so much But like my humor comes off in a different way, which is just like I know So but it doesn't mean that like what I say contradicts anything It's just like kind of how I am people just like automatically assume something that I'm not but I know who I am So it doesn't know I don't care someone said in my last video that they thought at the end when I Said about my life getting so much better. They're like it makes me think of Andrew. I'm actually seeing him tonight It's not that but just clearing that up Someone also told me that I looked like Casey Mouse graves and that was the biggest compliment I could ever get I need to start straightening my hair more Or just wearing my hair straight natural. So what also asked will you be making track pants again? um, so the merch company that I'm with right now we don't have Like the ones that I really want so I do definitely this fall I would love to come out with some like more matching sets this time. I think I want to do like three Um, let me know what you guys think. I love when you guys ask juicy questions Just so you know, those are the ones that are gonna get answered ones that are very like Not juicy drama, but juicy like Whatever, okay. Does the tiger grass work for redness? I notice your skin isn't as red anymore and it looks so smooth too. Yes That is the sole reason that my redness and my skin it blurs out your skin too So it's like it literally is like adding the grain effect to your photo But in real life. So that is it for this vlog my next one. I'll be in new york. I'm so excited. I'm in new york As you guys are watching this I am pumped you guys have any recommendations for things I should add to my office or any stores that I should shop at or anything. Let me know in the comments down below I love you guys so much. I really hope you guys enjoy this video Um question of the day comment of the day if you made it this far comment Uncle Tito Just common uncle Tito Okay, love you guys so much and I'll see you soon


Looks like, I'm gonna go for $3.75. $3.75, okay, let's sell. You're gonna do two, right? Yep, I'm gonna hang in there $3.75. I missed out on this, I'm not gonna, I got it. You got $3.75? Limit order, two of them, Lululemon, $3.75. Confirm and send, I'll sit at $3.75. It would be a little, it's just a little close, you know? Okay, and then you're wanting to buy $3.80s? $3.80 calls, right? Yeah, I hope that some data's gonna be ready. Tesla's looking better. I'm even on Tesla right now. I'm down a bit on Tesla, but not terrible. Yeah, I don't necessarily have it played. Lululemon, there we go. Geez, I'm already up $170 bucks. Yeah, she had it. Are you looking to collect 100% on Lululemon? Depends on what happens. Okay. Just tank down to $3.55, I'd probably say, yeah, great. Geez, dude, Lululemon, just, man, up 218 bucks. At what point were you thinking about putting on those $3.80s? If it goes and puts them on. That's good, come on, let it crash. I think it can go down. Okay, under $31 you said? Okay. I'm on the bid here on the $3.75s that we sold, trying to sell a $188. There it is, we're gonna see if we can get filled here. Just gonna record it, get it live. There it goes, I got filled. Got filled at $188 for one. Locked in some profits on Lululemon. What's going on, everybody? This is Giovanni from the Options Trading Channel. TGIM today is the last day of November, November 30th, 2020, and I wanted you guys to hear out, experience somewhat of what my morning routine is every morning with my mentor.  But usually those phone calls don't last but more than 15, 20 minutes at the absolute most in the morning after the market opens, we talk just a little bit about what we're gonna do if we're gonna get into some new plays, we're gonna close out some plays, whatever the case may be, that is our morning routine. We're doing great. Tesla is still my problem child. I am dead even at one point today. Tesla, the entire market came down a bit, but Tesla came down and I was up over $1100 on that position, not just on the day, but $1100 on that position. But right now I'm looking at it, I know you can't see it, but I'm up $78 overall on that entire position. We're on track to make about $3,400 for this week. We'll know more by Thursday and Friday of course. Anything can happen, stay tuned guys. Also I have a couple things going on for next week. I'll update you guys later this week as to what's going on next week. But thank you everybody so much for watching, stay tuned for more. Hit that subscribe button down below where I'm gonna show you more, more on how we trade naked options, how we get into plays in general. Don't forget to hit that like button also down below and comment what you think about today's video. What do you want more out of this channel? I would greatly appreciate a like and a comment. I hope everybody has an awesome Monday guys. See you guys here on the very next trading video hoping it's a green shade. See you guys later.


Hi, I'm Mike Peters from the Alarm. Today I'm at the Black Star Amplifier Headquarters in Long Island, New York. I'm trying out the full range of amplifiers. I'm looking at the Artists 30, the Artisan 50, the HT 60 and the HT 40 which I carry on the road when we joined the Spirit of 86 in 2016 tour. I found out about Black Star when I was playing with the alarm in the UK. We were touring with the Stranglers and the Stranglers had had a white backline made by Black Star and it sounded incredible and I just thought I need one of those. So I approached the lead singer about getting plugged into Black Star and made contact with Black Star in the UK and they kicked me out with these red HT 40s, limited editions. As soon as they arrived and I plugged them in, it just lifted my whole tone. I play at this acoustic guitar with a humbucker in it so I can go from loud to quiet and use the acoustic element for the softer sections of the music but then I can just turn up the volume and the Black Star's kicking right behind me. In many ways they've revolutionised the sound of the alarm. It's something we spent 30 years looking for. We started the band with these acoustic guitars but we wanted to amplify the soul of the guitar not just the way you hear it as an acoustic. We've always been struggling to get the definition into the strings so you could hear each and every sing because it's such a hollow body instrument but the Black Star seems to bring out the best of the instrument. It kind of keeps the dirty heart of this acoustic guitar but turns it up into a beautiful volume that can resonate throughout particularly just on a big tour of Britain and we played at Brixton Academy, Manchester Apollo, Glasgow Academy, massive gigs but also played at Glastonbury Festival. We played at Carfest to 35,000 people and you could really hear the tone I can hear in the recordings back from the shows how great the amp sounded and it's kind of reassuring to know we've finally got it right. It's taken us a long time but we had to wait for Black Star to come along and create the perfect amplifier for the alarm sound and that's what I found. In 2007 I started a charity called the Love Hope Strength Foundation and its mission is to get as many people on to the International Bone Maridona Registry to save lives of people like myself who have leukemia who might need a transplant for a second chance at life. It's been an incredible journey because through utilising the power of rock and roll I've been able to amplify the voice of the charity but it's taken us to some incredible places like Parliament in the UK and more recently we were at the capital building in Washington DC signing up congressmen, congresswomen to the list and getting plugged into the beautiful idea of the vice president's cancer moonshot which I think is a great message to put out to people like myself who are fighting to stay alive. We're hoping for those innovations that are going to come along in my time. I've lived with leukemia for 20 years and the innovations have kept me alive. They've kept me one step ahead of the bullet, if you like. I've always been able to outrun it and to make a mission like the Cancer Moonshot that can advance these changes to benefit people's lives. I think that's a beautiful thing so I'm right behind the Cancer Moonshot and that's what we're doing at Capital Hill Building. I had my crew wearing their Blackstar shirts so it was all part of amplifying the message and that's where Blackstar come in.


Can you show by hand? No one? Online? Okay. Then it's good you're here. You can hear about what we are doing and then we strategize, add some to your, you know, program plans for next year and let's see your rich culture from your respective countries. So yes, we're glad you're here. So the Wikilev's folklore started by recognition of Wikilev's love, basically to celebrate events that is related to love activities, anything that makes anyone excited, anything that brings families together, union, etc. And in 2020, we changed the name to folklore because the Wikilev's love was quite restricted to a few artifacts or things, but the folklore aspect kind of like has more expansion and more scope than the love aspect. And we realized that there are diverse festivals, diverse cultures happening everywhere, which is linked to togetherness, linked to love, linked to unity. So the name changed in 2020 as Wikilev's folklore and yes, it's an international photographic competition where we get images onto commons, images relating to tangible and intangible heritage, images relating to your culture, images relating to the food, dance, drink, anything that represents your culture and that is the beauty of it because we're able to see what's happening in Nepal, we're able to see what's happening in Mexico, Uruguay, amongst others, and this alone helps us to be able to channel our efforts onto the Wikipedia platform that is to improve upon missing images that are not there, exactly what the Wikipedia pages wanting photos also does, able to link these photos that we have put on commons to respective articles. And we've been doing this with a lot of local members as well as affiliates. So as I emphasize, the focus of the theme has to do with culture, region, dance, music, instruments, festivals, rituals, activities, games, cuisine, folkwear, tradition, and tales, stories. So this actually allows us or gives room for us to have most of the documentation done via audio because some of the people you may meet who are probably practicing a particular tradition have very, have history of it in an oral form but not like written or documented anywhere. So we'd love to also have the audios covered as well as the type of music that are being played, which is not even known anywhere, but it's practice when probably there's a particular festival happening, you can record those videos and audios and then share as well. All these run as part of the competition. And our campaign is scheduled for the first of every February, every year, from the first of February to the first of March. So even as you embark on your journey home or anywhere, if there's any occasion that has to do with folk activities, you can start taking your images, you can gather them, and then you can try to upload it within the window of the campaign. We have wonderful prizes where we channel it into vouchers or your preference. So we have awards given at the international level. And we also encourage organizers to organize event and awards on the local level as well so as to increase the participation, the interest, etc. And then if your country is fortunate to have that dual award opportunity, then that's great. We usually also send postcards, certificates and we give the top uploaders also. We give some categories because you realize that we don't, it's not always ideal to just give the top three. But then there are some people who also put some efforts, although their pictures or videos did not cut through the first three positions. So now this is where I need you to kind of take notes. As an incoming contributor or participants for 2024, we'll be happy, we'll be happy to have you note all these requirements down so that you can communicate it effectively with your respective communities. And before I go into this, I wanted to clarify that there's been a lot of discussion on what folklore means in different countries. Probably it's not called folklore in your country. In Spain, they have celebrations and activities as such called the phallus, F-A-L-L-E-S. And it's actually similar to what is being done anywhere. India has a lot of activities regarding folklore and they also term it as folklore. So after these sessions, we will get in touch with everybody to find out what this means in your country so that if you would have to communicate it as such to your community to let them know that. OK, so I realize something got dark. If there's something that there's a name that helps you resonate well with your community for them to have that interest to participate, then we can have Wikilev's folklore under the theme or under the sub name. Whatever is being described in your community. So the phallus group would have Wikilev's folklore. But then it's the emphasis is on the fact that it's related to phallus so that it communicates with the respective community and it attracts them to participate because that name has different meanings and I mean, it's been quite a struggle for people to understand if they should participate or not. So it's important for us to ensure that we are logged into Wikimedia Commons. Likewise, your community, it's important to ensure that the images are using the right upload link on the project page because sometimes people start the campaign and because they don't have the project pages, it's difficult for us to track the images that were gathered within that period. And then the template is going to be Wikilev's folklore 2024 and the category is going to be images from Wikilev's folklore 2024 on Wikimedia Commons. We also have to ensure that your community is well abreast with the types of licensing that is being attached to it because irrespective of how good your photo may look, if it does not fit in the right category or licensing, it's going to be a problem and you are not going to cut through to the final round of selection. And then most importantly, the image should be under the Wikimedia Commons project scope because yesterday we were talking about the UNESCO rules and guidelines that we have to take particular attention on. And we realize that most of these Wikilev's activities or campaigns, there is a project scope that has been defined. But then when you are going through the images, you realize that whatever is supposed to be put in there, for example, if we're supposed to see images of buildings, then all of a sudden we see images of food, which is not part of the campaign. But Wikilev's folklore has a broad range of theme that is the food, the cuisine, the dance, etc. Just try and make sure that it falls within that category. When you do this, you are going to help both the organizers, both the jury members to have a very smooth transition to give the great results at the right time. And you are not going to also bedding the organizers by cleaning up the things that could have been prevented. So it's very important that if you want to start this campaign, you communicate effectively to your communities or respective individuals who are interested to ensure that their images fall in line with the scope of the project. And some of the checklists that we love to share is that you have to know that copyrighted images are not uploaded during the contest. Images, we prefer images with the EXIF data. Images must be properly categorized as we have shared. Images must not have any watermark. The images must not be excessively processed and digitally altered. Pornographic and explicit images are not appreciated. But like I said, yes, that is quite funny. But like I said, the word folklore means differently to different cultures. So for some people, it's an act, it's an act. So they will feel like, OK, this is what we do. But in as much as that is what you do, it doesn't fall in place with what we accept. And then, like I mentioned, the image must not be out of scope. We're so glad to share that over the period of five years, all the green marks shows that these countries, individuals have participated, is not the user community or the user group, they are individuals who are around the world. So looking at your respective countries, if you haven't run the campaign, we're happy to share with you that there are individuals in your country who are actually participating in the campaign. So they are waiting for their community leaders to open up the floor and engage them so that they can also have some national awards for the amazing photos they've been sharing. So if your country is party, I think you can clap for yourself and then note that there is more room for improvement. There are only very few countries that have not ever participated, very, very few have Greenland, we have Libya and few others. So this aspect of our presentation has to do with the linkage that we have with the feminist aspect of the campaign because when you look at the format of WikiLabs, like folklore activities in various countries, there are a lot of women who actually participate in these activities, there are a lot of women who write the fairy tales, there are a lot of women who actually have the saying, they have the music background, they make reasons, but they are still not known. And for this reason, we decided to have the feminism and folklore which looks at gathering all these women together, getting their knowledge and then trying as much as possible to put them on Wikipedia as well. So we're taking photos of these heritage and non-heritage sites as well as the individuals who are making creative designs and folk activities which are not seen. So it's more like a two-in-one contest and that means that it also has two-in-one awards. So if you're very much interested in the feminism aspect, you can actually choose where you want to participate. If you think your country has much interest in writing about women or linking images to respective women's pages which are not yet on Wikipedia, you can also delve here. And if you think that your community is very interested in the photography as well as the writing aspect, you can also add this as well. And we'll be very happy to engage with you if you have any questions, if you have any challenges because we have had interactions with people and they have shared some challenges and also some wrong perceptions that they had about how the campaign is run, et cetera. We'll be happy to answer those questions and bring you on board. Like I said, everyone living in this room is going to go out there excited to run Wikilev's folklore stroke, Feminism and Folklore 2024. Thank you. Any questions? I'm George from Moldova. I saw the country, my country on the map was green. Although I don't think anyone from Moldova has ever looked at these photos to verify them. So the question is, what are the filters for the organizers to know that the tradition that is being displayed is not a hoax? Okay. Regarding your country, indicating that there's been some representation, I would say that when we use their tool forge, we ask people to use the category and state the country in which they are contributing from. And from that tool forge over the period, there has been individuals who have stated that they are from your country and participated from your country. Probably you do not know them or they do not even know about your community. This happens to me a lot during my time with the engagement with people.  They want to contribute on their own. So I wouldn't be surprised that there will be a number of people who are still participating but they don't even know you exist. So that is why we want to encourage more advocacy, more media, more communication with people so that we get those people on board as well. So yeah. Thank you. Tyvan, answer the other question. The question was more about the verification of validity of those. Yes, he is going to answer that one. Verification of the images to ensure that they are not a hoax. The images fall within the category. Okay. So every image that is uploaded, every image that is uploaded during the Wikilow's folklore campaign, it has the upload wizard has a dropdown where in the user can select the country from where they have uploaded or click the photograph of that drop down automatically categorizes those images as per the country. So it can be images from Wikilow's folklore in Armenia. It can be images from Wikilow's folklore in India. So all these images get can say categorized automatically via the upload wizard. And once this is done, the jury process are both. They are even local juries as well as there is an international jury. So in the international jury, these all the images that are irrespective of the cancer, the country we evaluate every image. And if it is a national edition, they select and evaluate image of the same country. So that's the reason we are asking for more national participation of Wikilow's folklore so that we can have jury at the local level and prizes also at the local level which can encourage users to upload the local culture from their country. Okay. Okay, so about the image aspect, so the jury team also informed about the type of images that we are looking out for and then they review and check if the, like I was saying, that the image has been properly categorized and then they also have to check the quality and then they also have to check if there are any trademarks because like you said, well it could be a hose but it will be somehow difficult but this is a good suggestion that you are bringing on board that we would have to consider. But when it comes to scrutinizing every images that are presented, we make sure that they fall within that category. If they don't, they don't make it through the next stage. Any more questions? Okay, if you don't have any questions, I want to ask a question. Who is excited about it next year? Oh, no. You are? Okay, great. Who else is excited? At least if you want to be share some, you know, information with your community, that's great. Yeah, okay. All right, thank you so much for your time. After the tea break, there's also another session here. We'll be happy to have you. Thank you.


All right. Hello, everybody. Welcome to the multi-party computation session number one. We're going to start off with secure computation from elastic noisy channels. Work by Takshita Kurana, Hemant Amaji, and Amit Sahay. And Takshita will give us the talk. I'm Takshita Kurana from UCLA. And this is joint work with Hemant Amaji and Amit Sahay. Thanks, Duel, for the introduction. So let me start by giving you some background on secure multi-party computation. Suppose there's a set of parties, each of whom have private secret inputs. And they'd like to jointly evaluate some function on these inputs, such that they all get the output of the functionality, but learn nothing else about each other's input. Now, if they had access to a trusted third guy that would do this job for them, then things would be easy. Indeed, no matter how any party behaved, he would still not be able to learn the input of any other participant. But in reality, parties might not have access to such a trusted party all the time. And they might have to emulate the trusted guy by themselves by running an algorithm. The security guarantees that we'd like from this algorithm are that if any of these parties or a single party or even a subset of the parties get corrupted, even in that case, the input of the honest party remains hidden. So it turns out that this most general notion of secure computation is impossible in the plain model unless you're willing to make assumptions. So in particular, in order to perform multi-party or two party computation, we would have to make either computational assumptions or some assumptions on the corruption structure of parties or assumptions about the randomness that's already available to parties or some sort of physical assumptions. And in this paper, what we are concerned with is the physical assumption of noisy channels. It suffices to realize oblivious transfer from noisy channels in order to realize general secure computation. Now, oblivious transfer is a two-party primitive where there's a sender who has inputs x0 and x1 and a receiver that has input some choice bit c. The oblivious transfer functionality outputs xc to the receiver and does not generate any output for the sender. The security guarantee that we want from this protocol is that the sender should not be able to recover c, which is the choice bit of the receiver. And the message that the receiver did not choose to get should remain completely hidden from the receiver. So our goal will be to implement this functionality unconditionally based on any elastic noisy channel. And now let me tell you what an elastic noisy channel is. So an elastic erasure channel considers the following functionality. Suppose Alice sent a couple of bits, suppose a sender sent a couple of bits to a receiver over an erasure channel. And suppose the receiver, that means that the receiver got some of the bits accurately and got erasures at some other places. And for example, this was an erasure channel that erased every bit independently with probability 1 third. Now, instead of this receiver, there could exist a malicious receiver that places a much better antenna on the receiver's end, which ends up decreasing the probability of erasure on the receiver's side. So in particular, with this better antenna, the receiver only gets 1 over 6 erasures. And now we would like to design protocols which work correctly, even if the receiver has erasure probability 1 over 3. But are secure if the receiver is malicious and has instead installed a better antenna which increases his reception probability. And the sender doesn't know what antenna the receiver is using. And moving to the more general case of elastic binary symmetric channels, in these channels, there is a transmitter that sends bits to a receiver. And some of the bits get flipped. So not all bits appear as they are. For example, this could be a BSC that flips the sender's bits with probability 1 over 3. Now a malicious receiver, similar to the erasure case, can here install a better antenna on his end, which results in him getting much fewer flips. So instead of getting flips with probability 1 over 3, the receiver now ends up getting flips only with probability 1 over 6. And therefore, he has increased the reliability of communication on his side, but without the sender knowing this. So now, again, we'd like protocols that work correctly, even if the receiver has flip probability 1 over 3, but are secure, even in the presence of receivers, which make their communication much more reliable. And it turns out that protocols that realize oblivious transfer from standard binary symmetric channels actually fail in this setting. So this adversarial model is not entirely new. It was introduced by Damgard et al. in a paper on unfair noisy channels, where they considered a receiver similar to our case, which installs this antenna and increases his reliability. But they also consider a malicious sender who installs a leaky sending device that gives him extra information on what bits the receiver obtained. So in a standard BSE, the sender is not supposed to know whether a bit got flipped or not. But in an unfair noisy channel, a malicious sender can gain extra leakage, which gives him this information about some of the bits that he sent. So in this case, both a malicious receiver can change the channel characteristic by making it more reliable. And a malicious sender can learn some extra leakage about what bits got flipped. In the context of specifically wireless channels, such an adversary may not be possible unless it can get really close to the receiver. So this is one of the physical motivations for studying a scenario where only a corrupted receiver places a larger antenna and the sender cannot cheat in this way. The other reason that we consider the weaker setting of elastic noisy channels is that this setting suffers from strong impossibility results. And in particular, it's impossible to realize oblivious transfer for a large range of parameters of unfair noisy channels, whereas that is not true for elastic noisy channels. And this was also, so this impossibility was also shown in the same paper. So there's been 25 years of research on obtaining oblivious transfer based on noisy channels. And like I already told you, unfair noisy channels are already a stronger model than elastic channels. So it turns out that techniques developed for the case of unfair noisy channels can already be applied to the elastic channel setting to get feasibility results for some parameters. And those parameters are shaded here in the green region. The red region shows the range of parameters of elastic noisy channels for which we develop new techniques specific to this setting to get OT from more diverse elastic channels. So for example here, the x-axis denotes the malicious flip probability. So if the biggest baddest receiver in the market has a flip probability of 0.1, then the honest receiver, then in previous work, the honest receiver needed a flip probability of 0.2, whereas after our work, it suffices for the honest receiver to even use a device that has as high a flip probability as 0.4. So that's just some perspective on the parameters we obtained. And now I'll move directly to our techniques. Let me start by giving a warm-up example for the case of elastic a-ratio channels. In this setting, Alice sends a bit B over an a-ratio channel. And Bob either receives the bit or receives an a-ratio. And like I told you already, the security guarantee is that Alice doesn't know which bits got erased. And Bob, if he got an a-ratio, does not know the bit that was sent. So in an elastic a-ratio channel, if the receiver is honest, then his bits get dropped with probability alpha. And if the receiver is malicious, then his bits get dropped with probability beta that's smaller than alpha. So he's getting less drops. And now the first goal will be to illustrate a protocol that obtains oblivious transfer from any elastic channel which is modeled like this. So it turns out that the protocol that I will tell you is not entirely new. And in fact, these protocols and techniques were already implicit in a lot of prior work. So the main new techniques in our protocol are for the setting of elastic BSCs, which I will get to after developing some intuition. So here's the protocol. Suppose there's a sender that has inputs x0 and x1 for the OT. And suppose the receiver's input choice bit was 0. I'm just doing this for simplicity. Obviously, he can use any choice bit in the protocol. Then the sender just picks a bunch of random bits and sends them over this erasure channel to the receiver. The receiver obtains some bits correctly and obtains erasures at some places. Now, the receiver is supposed to reorganize the bits that he got into two random sets, two random equal sized sets as follows. He creates a partition of the bits such that one of the sets consists of all bits that he received, sorry, only consists of bits that he saw. And the other partition can consist of erasures as well as some bits that he saw. So this ensures that if some, OK, so let me proceed with the protocol first. So now the receiver sends the indices corresponding to all these bits to the sender. The sender obtains indices 103 and 245. And now what he does is he exhausts his first input bit with B1, B0, and B3 corresponding to these three indices that he received, obtains the remainder bit R0, and sends it to the receiver. Then he exhausts his other input bit with B2, B4, and B5 and sends this to the receiver. And now it turns out that this protocol is secure. So OK, the receiver naturally, since he knows all three of the bits corresponding to at least one of these values, he can recover the particular secret. So in this case, his choice bit was 0. He can recover x0. So it turns out that this protocol is already secure. So since the sender doesn't know whether the receiver got an erasure or not, from the sender's point of view, the message that the receiver sends, which is these indices, appear to the sender like a completely random partition of the indices 0, 1 to 5. And in particular, the sender doesn't know whether this set contains the erasures or this one. And therefore, he cannot predict the receiver's choice input C. On the other hand, consider a malicious receiver who's trying to predict this other message of the sender. He cannot do that because even if he were using an antenna that only raised very few bits, it still guarantees that if you use sufficiently many bits, at least one of these bits will be erased, no matter how powerful an antenna the receiver uses. As long as it's not a completely reliable channel, there will be some erasures. And just one erasure is sufficient to ensure security because that one erasure, the bit corresponding to that one erasure, acts like the random mask and masks the other input of the sender. So that was a protocol for getting an oblivious transfer from any binary, from any erasure channel. Now moving on to our more interesting setting of an elastic binary symmetric channel. In a binary symmetric channel, Alice samples a random bit B and sends it over the channel to Bob. The channel samples an error variable from some distribution, adds this error to Alice's bit, and then sends the result to Bob. The security guarantee from a BSC is that neither Alice nor Bob can tell which bits got flipped. So now in the elastic setting, if the receiver was honest, then he got bit flips with probability alpha. And if the receiver was adversarial, then he got bit flips with a smaller probability beta that's less than alpha. And again, recall that we want to design a protocol that is secure even against an adversarial receiver, but is correct even if the receiver was honest and was actually getting bit flips with a higher probability. So our main theorem is that oblivious transfer can be constructed from all elastic BSCs whose beta and alpha lie in this range. And this range is in particular the one that was illustrated in the red area of the graph that I showed in the beginning. So now, before going into the techniques, let me give you some quick intuition about what the capacity of a channel means. Very intuitively, the capacity of the channel is a measure of how much information the output of the channel contains. The channel capacity is inversely related with the flip probability of a binary symmetric channel. So the higher the flip probability, the lower the capacity of the channel because the lesser the information that is going across. So if more bits are getting flipped, then it's sending less useful information across. And that's the intuition. So in case of our elastic BSC, if you look at the capacity corresponding to the channel alpha that flips bits with a higher probability, that channel has a low capacity. And the channel that flips bits with a lower probability, which is beta, has a much higher capacity. This is just an illustration of these capacities. For an example scenario, where the honest flip probability was 1 over 3, and the malicious flip probability was lesser, it was 1 over 6. So as long as the honest capacity is smaller than the malicious capacity, if you send information on these channels, a malicious receiver is always getting more than an honest receiver. And now we'd like to create some sort of disbalance to make sure that an honest receiver, at least for some special cases, is able to get more information than a malicious receiver gets overall. So here is the main idea behind that. Consider an elastic BSC that has honest flip probability 1 over 3 and adversarial flip probability 1 over 6. Let's start with the following idea. In order to send a 0, the sender creates two copies of 0s and sends them over two instantiations of this channel to the receiver. In order to transmit a 1, the sender creates two copies of 1s and sends them to the receiver over two invocations of this channel. The receiver can get one of four possible outcomes. If the sender was sending 0, 0, then the probability that the receiver obtained a 0, 0 is 2 over 3 times 2 over 3, which is 4 over 9. The probability that the receiver obtained 1, 1 is the probability that both bits got flipped, which is 1 over 3 times 1 over 3, 1 over 9. And when the sender sent 0, 0, the probability that the receiver obtained 1 of these two is also 4 over 9. On the other hand, if the sender sent a 1, 1, then the receiver obtains 0, 0 with probability 1 over 9, 1, 1 with probability 4 over 9, and 0, 1 or 1, 0 with probability 4 over 9. So from the point of view of the receiver, if he sees a 0, 0, it's much more likely that what was being sent was also a 0, 0. Because what is the chance that when the receiver got a 0, 0, the sender was actually sending a 0, 0. It is 4 over 5, because this ratio is 4 is to 1. And if the receiver saw a 1, 1, then the probability that the sender was sending 0, 0 is 1 over 5. So indeed, this channel can be seen as a new BSC of its own that has flip probability 1 over 5. On the other hand, the lower channel is such that when the receiver obtains 0, 1 or 1, 0, from his point of view, he cannot tell whether the sender was sending a 0, 0 or a 1, 1. Because this is equally likely to come from 0, 0, as it is to come from 1, 1. So therefore, if you use a 2 repetition encoding, then this behaves like a virtual combination of channels, one which is a BSC with flip probability 1 over 5, and the other is an erasure channel. And now the crux of our protocol will be to ensure that the honest receiver never needs to decode this part. The only thing that we will be concerned about with respect to an honest receiver who only wants one bit is that he should decode the first part. On the other hand, if we considered a malicious receiver, since he wants to obtain both inputs of the sender in an OT, he will have to decode things that appear on both these kinds of channels. And therefore, for a malicious receiver, the capacity or the flip probability that we consider will be the average of the information sent on both these channels. So therefore, if we use the repetition code of length 2 for our same running example, then the best honest capacity would increase, because now it becomes proportional to flip probability 1 over 5, like I showed you. And the average malicious capacity would also increase, but it would increase a little less. And then if we used a 3 repetition code, now the BSC above has an even smaller flip probability and an even higher capacity. So the honest capacity has increased even more, whereas the average of adversarial capacity also increases, but doesn't increase as much. So this is what they look like, again, for a running example, with a repetition code of length 3. Now if we use the code length 4, again, the best honest capacity increases, but the average malicious capacity doesn't increase as much. And you can see that the gap between them is decreasing. So if we keep doing these repetitions, there comes a stage at code length 7 where the best honest capacity is higher than the average malicious capacity for this example. And at this point, we are done, because we have ensured that there is some channel on which the honest receiver is getting more than the malicious receiver gets on average. But interestingly, this does not go through for all possible parameters beta and alpha. In particular, for some beta and alpha, there exists no repetition parameter if we keep applying this technique at which the green line exceeds the red line. And this is the limiting curve. So this denotes the range of values for which we can obtain OT, and beyond this curve, our technique fails. So our main theorem is that OT can be obtained from any elastic BSC whose parameters lie in this range. And with that, I'd like to conclude my talk. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you very much. We have time for some questions. Do you need to know beta when you're designing the repetition length, or is there just, okay. Yes. All right. Oh, I'm sorry, Yvonne. Thank you for a nice talk. There's a comment, there was news about this, because I have with Samar Vinalucci in Azure Concours on new work where we show that in fact, news is even better. You can have OT from any non-trivial parameters. So in your notation, any non-trivial choice of beta and alpha turns out to work. We also need to know alpha and beta. All I said was our technique doesn't work. Of course, yeah, sure, sure. You need something else, and I guess you developed that. So we just get constant rate. We can get constant rate just by using IPS kind tricks, but we don't try to optimize constant set up. No, we don't, but that would be really interesting to do. We just know that we get some constant. All right. So, if there are no further questions, then we can move on to the next talk.


In this discussion, we will discuss the discussion question of, describe the cash budget and how it is prepared. If we see an essay question or discussion question such as this, we may want to start off with those objectives of the budget, say, hey, the cash budget is going to be part of the total budgeting process. First, a word from our sponsor. Yeah, actually, we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers, they don't want to be seen with us.  Like our Accounting Rocks product line, if you're not crunching cords using Excel, you're doing it wrong. A must-have product, because the fact as everyone knows of accounting being one of the highest forms of artistic expression means accountants have a requirement, the obligation, a duty to share the tools necessary to properly channel the creative muse. And the muse, she rarely speaks more clearly than through the beautiful symmetry of spreadsheets. So get the shirt, because the creative muse, she could use a new pair of shoes. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. Typically, it's going to be part of the master budgeting process and we can go through the master budgeting processes goals. What are the goals of the master budgeting process? We can go through the list of the order in which the budgeting process will typically take place, starting with the sales budget, typically ending with the financial statements or the budgeted financial statements, the balance sheet and the income statement, the budgeted balance sheet and the budgeted income statement. The cash flow statement then or the cash budget, I should say the cash budget statement will typically be towards the end of this process as well. So it'll be kind of towards the final products, kind of towards where we finally end up with the budgeted balance sheet and the budgeted income statement. The budgeted cash flow statements can be very important to the company as well because note that as we create our budget, just like when we create our financial statements generally, we generally think of them in terms of an accrual type basis. We're budgeting performance, how we're going to do, how we're going to perform on the income statement and where we will end up at the end of that point in time at the end of the year on the balance sheet in accordance with an accrual basis. But of course it's also important to consider this information in terms of a cash basis because we need to make sure that we have enough cash to process or go through this process. So the cash flow basis, you want to point out that when we go to the cash flow statement that it's going to be a very important component because we need to make sure that we have the proper cash flow in order to achieve our objectives and not have too much cash flow so that we're wasting the purchasing power of the cash flow. The cash flow statement as we say will be typically towards the end of the budgeting process so we can kind of figure out what those cash flows will be. We'll need some of the beginning budgets in order to figure out what the cash flow will be. We'll need the sales budget to get an idea of what the revenue will be and therefore what the cash receipts. We'll need the production budget, the raw materials budget, the direct labor budget. A lot of these items, these budgets are going to be necessary of course before we get down to the cash budget so that we can see what we believe will actually be the cash inflows and the cash outflows. Also important to note that that's what the cash budget is doing. It's measuring the inflows and the outflows of the cash. Therefore anything that is cash related will typically be in the cash budget. We need to have increases that are going to be cash within the time period and decreases cash related in the time period. That seems obvious but we got to point that out because it's not as obvious as we may think or may consider because of course the other statement that measures activity over time is the income statement and it's not on a cash basis so you could point out things therefore that are on the income statement that may not be on the cash flow statement. For example depreciation is a common example of an item that reduces the net income but is not on the cash flow statement. There's no cash affected so it's on one timing type of report, income statement, not on another kind of timing or activity type report which is the cash flow statement. The cash flow statement will also report those kind of timing types of things that won't be on the income statement because they're not part of basically the performance of that period. So for example if we were to take a loan or something like that increase in the loan or to pay off a loan then that typically isn't on the income statement. The journal entry for that would be increasing or decreasing cash and the other side being loan possibly interest expense on the on the or interest revenue depending on what we're doing on the income statement but the loan itself and the cash on maybe a transaction then that shows activity happening from a cash basis to make sure that our cash flow is sufficient to cover our needs but not too much so that we're wasting the purchasing power of cash. So we could go in and describe kind of the differences between the things that will be on a cash flow statement from those items on the income statement.