Welcome to the ST stand here at Electronica 2016, where Gerard Cronin here is going to talk me through this smart industry demo. What is in effect the factory of the future? Hi Chris, yes. So smart industry for ST is about factories and workplaces that are more efficient, more flexible and therefore more productive. It's about also about making them more environmentally friendly and making them safer for the people that work there. Our factory starts already outside the factory with semiconductor technology enabling people who arrive to charge their cars for example using these smart chargers. Here where the battery is full, the charger sends a message to the owner of the car or the smartphone. We also have the benefit of smart lighting. These lights detect the level of ambient light, they detect the presence of human beings and then they adapt the lighting according to that. So they can maximise the energy saving then and also maximise the lighting for the individual users. Or then move inside the factory, people go through the door by using an NFC badge to come into the lobby of the factory. Have you got something up your sleeve though because there's nothing new about that technology there? No, indeed. So when they come into the lobby they then can enter the smart office area. But to get into the smart office area they need to go up to a facial recognition platform. This facial recognition is powered by a microcontroller which runs very efficient algorithms. This solution with a microcontroller is much more cost effective and less complex than what was used in the past. When the person has been recognised they can move into the smart office area.  So this smart office is also where we receive the manufacturing orders. These come in and are automatically transferred to the factory. Our factory takes the baseline product and customises it according to the needs of the user. These baseline products actually contain an NFC dynamic tag. And this tag at the beginning of the manufacturing process gets all the information about how to customise the product and where it's going to be delivered to. So your technology not only tells the factory what to make but then where to send it? Exactly. So once it's been programmed it goes to the manufacturing process. It's processed according to what is inside the tag. The information is read out. Also the information of how it's been processed is put back inside the tag. This enables you to have the lifetime history of the product even though it's not. If we look a little bit at the robots here, these robots are powered by highly efficient drive electronics. They have embedded intelligence. They have configurable electronics inside. But the important thing is that these are actually embedded in the robots themselves and not in a separate cabinet. This is not the case in most factories today. This leads to significant savings in space, in wiring and in a fit cost efficiency. What about safety which is, you know, non-negotiable in factories today and let alone the future? Exactly. These machines also contain a number of technologies that make them safer. For example, integrated galvanic isolation makes them safer and makes smaller and more compact electronics. They also have functional feature that is built in. These features basically ensure that the machine fails in a way that is not dangerous for users. They also have things like proximity sensing. For example, we have over here, we simulate a person approaching the machine. The proximity sensor detects the person and the machine stops. These machines also have microcontrollers and sensors which measure the critical parameters in the factory, such as vibration, temperature, flow, etc. All this information is then sent to a central control where it is processed and the relevant information is uploaded to the cloud. This allows, for example, the machine manufacturers to give optimal advice on maintenance and machines thanks to big data analysis over their whole pool of customers. What about data safety, though? Because if this is in the cloud, you make yourself a target for hackers. Exactly, exactly. So this is a really important point. All of the machines here need to have their data secured and all of the communications need to be protected. So each of these machines will contain the secure microcontroller that protects the data and secures all the communications, whether those communications are inside the factory between machines or whether they're going outside up to the cloud. Finally, what about power management? Power management is one of the core fundamentals, of course, of the factory. And here, thanks to the latest generations of power semiconductor technologies, we achieve reactive, configurable, real-time power management. For example, microcontrollers enable you to get millisecond level changes of power curves and optimize your factory for that. And then the same technologies that we've been seeing here can, of course, be used in the warehouse. They can be used for smart lighting, they can be used for environmental control, they can be used for real-time tracking, optimized shipping and so on. So the entire manufacturing process, from arriving at work to products being shipped, you're there supporting companies all the way? Exactly. Whatever the need is, we have a solution. Gerard, thanks for your time. Thank you, Chris.


Hi there, it's DJB and in this video I'm going to be unboxing and reviewing Briar's new Collector's Club exclusive out of the blue. So this is my first year joining the Collector's Club and my first year participating in the whole thing so I purchased her for the original sale price which Briar listed her at $75 I believe. So I'm curious to know if she's worth that price or if it's better to find a cheaper. Slightly flawed second hand one. This box is super cool. This will be my first model on the cutting horse mold. Yeah, let's see what she looks like. I'm worried because I hear a lot of horror stories about purchasing Briar's from Briar Direct. They often come flawed and with issues especially for their prices so let's cross our fingers that it's not that way with her. Whoa this is weird having like a brand new model that doesn't have any like rub marks or anything. Really nice model. I am actually shocked because I've just heard like terrible stories about them coming from the factory just horrible. I actually have my Shasta Moon right here. They match. My name Shasta Moon is a little more gray in terms of a blue ron. This girl is quite blue so suits her name out of the blue but she's significant as you can see there. Super crisp markings. Really nice speckly color. She's got nice feet too with the stripes. Just an all-around. She's really nice. Like look at that that paint horse stock horse form. She's just super. I love this mold for its confirmationally correctness. Good purchase and I think Henry is excited too.


Now you're going to learn how to create successful professional converting videos for the ads that you are going to run. Most audiences enjoy watching a good video of the product that they are about to purchase since it showcases the product in a much better way than photos do. Now I'm not saying that image ads or gif ads are not going to perform well but there is a much higher chance that a good video will be able to convert more customers. So let's start with the basics. In order to create a successful video ad, the first thing that you're going to have to have is a video for the product that you want to sell. Now if you are working with suppliers like Aliexpress and China, many sellers over there already have videos ready for their products. They are not usually professionally made videos, it's usually by some Chinese source and you usually have some Chinese letters in the video but that is one way to get videos for your ads. Now most US suppliers do not offer videos for the products that they are selling. We are going to have to get creative and make those videos ourselves. Now if your product doesn't have any videos attached to it, there is a couple of things that you can do. One, you can reach out to the supplier and ask them if they can supply you with a video for the product. The second method is to order the product to your home and not a lot of people like this method especially if they are testing out 20, 30 or 50 different products, they don't want to order them all to their houses. For one it's costing a lot of money and it's consuming a lot of time. But that's another method that some dropshippers use. The third method is to try to find a video for this product through other suppliers, although in this case you're going to have to make sure that it is the same product otherwise you won't be advertising the same product and this could cause problems later with your customers. So let's start with the first scenario where you already have a video for your product and you want to create a video yourself. If this is the case then you can use services like Animoto as you see over here and this platform allows you to create your own videos for your ads and it's made especially for e-commerce business owners like you and I. So the first method is to use websites like Animoto and there are a bunch of more websites where you can create videos for your ads. Although once again this one requires some work since you are the one that is creating the videos for your ads. Now if you are going with a method like this you can use free sound libraries to get some sound effects and background music for your videos by using YouTube's audio library for example. They have a whole bunch of sound effects and background music to use for your videos so check out YouTube's audio library and get those free sounds for your videos. Now the next method that I want to talk about to get videos for your ads is using a third party service provider which will create the videos for you and you don't have to do anything besides sit back and relax and just wait a couple of days for your videos to be ready. What am I talking about? Let's go on over and check it out. There is a website called ecomvideos.com and what they do is exactly what I just mentioned. They will create professional converting videos for your video ads. All you have to do is sign up with them. Signing up doesn't cost any money. Once you sign up you'll be taken to their dashboard and once you're in the dashboard click on video ads and here you can see the three types of video ads that you can order from them. You can order a single ad which I wouldn't recommend because you need to split test at least three variations which is exactly what you see over here in the second deal and on the third one you have four variations which is also good but I would like you to first nail down three variations. See that it works for you then move on to four. What you're getting here are three ad variations which means three different videos for your products which means the first three to five seconds are going to be different and this is very very crucial to when you are creating video ads, different video ads and testing out different video strategies. The first three seconds are always very crucial to whether the potential viewer is going to stay and click on this ad or if he's going to move on to the next ad. When you're creating an ad for a product with only one video there's a huge difference between that and selling the same product with two more videos to bring you to a total of three videos each one having a different three to five seconds. It will have the effect where the same person that saw this video but when he saw the first three to five seconds of this video it seemed like a different video even if it's the same product and they went on ahead and bought it. This is a very typical scenario when it comes to e-commerce marketing therefore I highly encourage you to go with three variations for split testing. This way you'll always be able to spot one or two ads that are not performing well when compared to one ad that is performing well for you and that is how you're going to learn how to spot the differences between successful ones to not successful ones and how to multiply your success and scale up those successful ads. Once you buy your video ads you will see them on the order screen over here on the left click on that order and here you have a text box where you can send a message to your video editors and let them know exactly what you want on your ads and all kinds of points that are important to you. Once you're done writing down your messages click on send message and you will have a message history for each order that you put onto the system. Now to sign up for e-com videos you have to use the link that we have in the resources pdf for this course. This way you can use the code AUTODS when ordering your videos and you'll get a 10 discount on top of everything so you'll lower your expenses this way you can profit more and you'll have professional videos made for your ads. So use that link in the resources pdf to sign up to e-com videos and then you'll be able to see the dashboard and everything else that I'm seeing here and you'll be able to put in an order for the video ads that you want. Let me show you an example of some video ads that they have created for others so I'm just going to play all three of these ads really quick you won't hear the sound because it's in my headphones but as you can see here they're adding the text and they're making the videos look professional they're working hard on the first three to five seconds but also on the rest of the video to simply make it look good converting professional and this is exactly what they can do for you. So once again just use the link that we have in the pdf for this course to sign up with these guys and let them do the hard work for you. Your assignment for this lesson is to create one to three videos for the ad that you want to run. I really want you guys to go with three because if you're only going with one video ad it's like adding only one product to your store so you're not testing enough and you might be missing something small that the second or third ad might have given you and that would be the big difference between success to failure when it comes to running ads. I don't want you guys to spend money and then see that money go to waste therefore split testing is very very important. Get those videos and I'll see you in the next lesson where you will start setting your campaign goals. See you in the next lesson.


It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all to the first year ministerial performance review retreat, where meeting at a time that mankind is struggling to overcome the economic and social crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted life as we knew it. The consequences of the pandemic will no doubt influence deliberations at this gathering, especially as we will have to adjust our policy approaches and some methods of working going forward. I stressed at last year's retreat that the Nigerian people expect dedication and commitment from all of us in implementing policies, programs and projects to improve the quality of their lives and to set Nigeria on the path of prosperity. I also reiterated the resolve of this administration to set the stage for lifting 100 million Nigerians out of poverty in the next 10 years. Even today, these remain our overriding objectives. The priorities we set for ourselves were around nine interrelated and interconnected areas, which are stabilizing the economy, achieving agriculture and food security, attaining energy sufficiency in power and petroleum products, improving transportation and other infrastructure, driving industrialization with a special focus on SMEs, expanding access to quality education, affordable healthcare and productivity of Nigerians. Enhancing social inclusion by scaling up social investments as well as building a system to fight corruption, improving governance and strengthening national security. And because of the past year, ministers have rendered reports to the Federal Executive Council on their activities and outputs related to the achievement of these objectives. I chaired all of the meetings of these presentations. Some of the notable achievements include, one, economic recovery, proud to the outbreak of COVID-19, the economy recovered from a recession and we witnessed 11 consecutive quarters of GDP growth since exiting recession. The GDP grew from 0.8% in 2017 to 2.2% in 2019, but declined in the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the downward trend in global economic activities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two, implementation of a willing-buy-willing-seller policy for the power sector. This has opened up opportunities for increased delivery of electricity to homes and industries. We are also executing some crucial projects through the Transmission, Rehabilitation and Expansion Program, which will result in the transmission and distribution of over 11,000 MHz of power by 2023. On transportation, we are growing the stock and quality of our roads, rail, air and water transport infrastructure. The Presidential Infrastructure Development Fund is also progressing well. These include the 11.9 km 2nd Niger Bridge, the 120 km Lagos Ibadra Expressway, and 375 km Abuja Kaduna-Zaria-Karno Expressway. At the same time, we are actively extending and upgrading our railway networks as well as our airports which are being raised to international standards with the provision of necessary equipment to guarantee world-class safety standards. The government has continued to support the agricultural sector, the key to diversification of our economy through schemes such as the CBN Anchor Borrowers Program and the Presidential Fertiliser Initiative Program. The work of the Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council, PEBEC, has also resulted in Nigeria moving up 39 places on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Ranking since 2015, and Nigeria is now rated as one of the top 10 reforming economies. We are confident that the ongoing Ease of Doing Business reforms would result in further improvement of these ratings. Nigeria's law enforcement agencies have significantly scaled up their footprint across the country and as part of the efforts towards strengthening our internal security architecture, the Ministry of Police Affairs was created. Amongst others, we have increased investments in arms, in weapons and other necessary equipment, expanded the National Command and Control Centre to 19 states of the Federation and we've established a Nigeria Police Trust Fund. This will significantly improve funding for the Nigeria Police Force as we've also approved the sum of $13.3 billion for the take-off of the Community Policing Initiative across the country. These are all part of measures adopted to consolidate efforts aimed at boosting security nationwide. Efforts are also being made to empower the youth and provide for the poor and vulnerable groups by enhancing investments in our social investment programmes. These accomplishments are testament to the fact that all hands are on deck in establishing a solid foundation for even greater successes in the future. Honourable Ministers and distinguished participants, when we met one year ago, little did we know that the world will be in a serious economic, social and health crisis that has left even the major economies of the world in disarray due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Just as in other jurisdictions, the socioeconomic landscape of Nigeria has experienced a severe shock. Nearly 55,000 of our people have been infected with the virus while we've recorded 1,054 deaths by the 4th of September. The economy contracted by minus 6.1% in the second quarter of this year. Normal schooling has been disrupted, businesses are struggling and in certain instances completely closed. Many people have lost their jobs and their means of livelihood for so many Nigerians. Making a living has become extremely difficult. It has also been a trying time for Nigerians and particularly for those in the informal sector who make their living from daily earnings. For government also, it has been a particularly trying time. As a result of the poor fortunes of the oil sector, our revenues and foreign exchange earnings have fallen drastically. Our revenues have fallen by almost 60%. Yet we've had to sustain expenditures, especially on salaries and capital projects. We acted to mitigate the effect of the economic slowdown by adopting an economic sustainability plan. But we've also had to take some difficult decisions to stop unsustainable practices that were weighing down the economy. The 2.3 trillion economic sustainability plan consists of fiscal, monetary and sectoral measures to enhance local production, support businesses, retain and create jobs, and provide sector to Nigerians, especially the most vulnerable. In addition to improving the health sector, the plan lays emphasis on labour-intensive interventions in agriculture, in light manufacturing, in housing and facilities management. It also complements ongoing major infrastructural projects in power, road and rail, by prioritising the building of rural roads, information and telecommunications technologies, as well as providing solar power to homes which were not either too connected to the national grid. Alongside interventions in these critical areas, including agriculture and food security, affordable housing, technology, health, and providing jobs for youth and women post-COVID. The plan will also provide different avenues where government will support micro, small and medium enterprises to enable them to respond to the economic challenges of COVID-19. This includes safeguarding about 300,000 jobs in 100,000 MSMEs by guaranteeing off-take of their priority products and a survival fund to support vulnerable SMEs in designated vulnerable sectors in meeting their payroll obligations and safeguarding jobs from the shock of COVID-19. Under the ESP, the MSMEs component, both the survival fund or the payroll support and the guaranteed off-take scheme are to impact about 1.7 million individuals within a three to five month timeline. Also, 45% of total business beneficiaries will be female owned businesses and 5% of total business beneficiaries will be dedicated to special needs business owners. In addition, under the survival fund, the payroll support scheme, 250,000 new business names are to be registered at a discounted rate of 6,000 Naira by the CAC. But this will be free for MSMEs while 330,000 transport workers and artisans will get a one-time grant. Following an MOU to be signed by BOI and the federal government, the total beneficiaries for the survival fund scheme are about 33,000 beneficiaries per state. Every state will have 33,000 beneficiaries of the survival fund scheme with a minimum payroll support of 30,000 Naira and a maximum of 50,000 Naira. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a severe downturn and the funds available to finance our budget and has severely hampered our capacity. One of the steps we took at the beginning of the crisis in March when all prices collapsed at the height of the global lockdown was the deregulation of the price of premium motor spirit such that the benefit of lower prices at the time was passed on to consumers. This was welcomed by all and sundry. The effect of the deregulation is that pump prices or petrol will change with changes in global oil prices. This means quite regrettably that as all prices go higher, we could see some increases in pump price. This is what has happened now. When global prices rose, it meant that the price of petrol locally would also go up. There are several negative consequences if government should even attempt to go back to the business of fixing or subsidizing petroleum prices or PMS prices. First of all, it will mean a return to the costly subsidy regime. Today, as we've heard, we have 60% less revenues. We simply cannot afford the cost. The second danger is the potential return of fuel queues which has thankfully become a thing of the past. Nigerians no longer have to endure long queues just to buy petrol, often at highly inflated prices. Also as I hinted earlier, there is no provision for fuel subsidy in the revised 2020 budget simply because we are not able to afford such a cost. If reasonable provisions must be made for health, education and other social services, we simply cannot sustain petroleum subsidies. Nevertheless, I want to assure our compatriots that Nigeria is extremely mindful that the government is extremely mindful of the pains that higher prices may mean at this time and would not take the sacrifices that all Nigerians have had to make for granted. We will continue to seek ways and means of cushioning the pains, especially for the most vulnerable in our midst. We will also remain alert to our responsibility to ensure that marketers do not exploit citizens by raising pump price arbitrarily. This is the role that government must play through the PPRA. This explains why the PPRA made the announcement a few days ago, setting the range of price that must not be exceeded by marketers. The advantage we now have now is that anyone can bring in their petroleum products and compete with marketers. That way, the price of petrol will keep coming down. Recent service-based tariff adjustment by the discourse has also been a source of concern for many of us. Let me say frankly that, like many Nigerians, I have been very unhappy about the quality of service given by the discourse. But there are many constraints, including poor transmission and distribution capacity. I have already signed off on the first phase of the Siemens project to address many of these issues. Because of the problems with the privatisation exercise, government had had to keep supporting the largely privatised electricity industry. So far, to keep the industry going, we have spent close to 1.7 trillion Naira, especially by way of supplementing tariff shortfalls. We simply do not have the resources at this point to continue in this way, and it will be grossly responsible to borrow, to subsidise, generation and distribution, which are both privatised. But we also have a duty to ensure that the large majority of our people who cannot afford to pay cost-effective tariffs are protected from increases. NERC, the industrial regulator, therefore approved that tariff adjustments had to be made, but only on the basis of guaranteed improvement in service. Under this new arrangement, only customers who are guaranteed a minimum of 12 hours of power and above can have their tariffs adjusted. Those who get less than 12 hours supply or the band D and E and F customers must be maintained on tariff lifeline, on lifeline tariffs, meaning that they will experience no increase in their tariffs. This is the largest segment of our population. Government has also taken notice of the complaints about arbitrary estimated billing. Accordingly, a mass metering programme has been undertaken to provide meters for over 5 million Nigerians, largely driven by preferred procurement from local manufacturers and creating thousands of jobs in the process. NERC has also committed to strictly enforcing the capping regulation, which will ensure that unmetered customers are not charged beyond the metered customers in their neighbourhood. In other words, we will not permit estimated billing anymore. In addressing the power problems, we must not forget that most Nigerians are not even connected to electricity at all. So as part of the economic sustainability plan, we are providing solar home systems to 5 million Nigerian households in the next 12 months. We have already begun the process of providing financing support through the CBN for manufacturers and retailers of off-grid solar home systems and mini-grids who are to provide the systems. The 5 million systems under the ESP solar power strategy will produce 250,000 jobs and impact up to 25 million beneficiaries through the installation. This means that more Nigerians will have access to electricity via a reliable and sustainable solar home system. The support to solar home systems manufacturers and bulk procurement of local meters will create over 300,000 local jobs while ensuring that we set Nigeria on a path of full electrification. The tariff review is not about the increase which will only affect the top electricity consumers but also about establishing a system which will definitely lead to improved service for all at a fair and reasonable price. There has been some concern expressed about the timing of these two necessary adjustments. It's important to stress that this is coincidental. The deregulation of PMS prices happened some time ago. It was announced on the 18th of March 2020 and the price moderation that took place at the beginning of this month was just part of the ongoing ongoing exercise that the PPRA conducts to set the limits that marketers cannot exceed. Similarly, the review of service-based electricity tariffs was scheduled to start at the beginning of July but was put on hold to enable further studies and proper arrangements to be made. This government is not insensitive to the current economic difficulties that people are going through and the very tough economic situation we face as a nation and we certainly will not inflict hardship on our people but we are convinced that if we stay focused on our plans, a brighter and more prosperous Nigeria will come soon. Ministers and senior officials must accordingly ensure the vigorous and prompt implementation of all our plans and programs which will give circle to Nigerians. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria has created credit facilities of up to 100 billion for healthcare and manufacturing. For healthcare is 100 billion, for manufacturing 1 trillion from January 2020 to date, over 191 billion Naira has already been dispersed for 76 real sector projects under the 1 trillion real sector scheme while 34 healthcare projects have been funded to the tune of 37.159 billion Naira under the healthcare sector intervention facility. The facilities are meant to address some of the infrastructural gaps in the healthcare and manufacturing sector as a fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and to facilitate the attainment of the five-year strategic plan. Distinguished participants, to address our current economic challenges and consolidate our achievements over the past year, this retreat has been designed to review the performance of each minister in delivering the priority mandates including programs and projects assigned to them upon their appointment in 2019 to identify key implements to implementation and three to strategize on how to accelerate delivery of results given the current economic situation. The retreat would also provide the opportunity to effectively evaluate the activities of ministries over the last 12 months with regard to the delivery of our agenda and promised in Nigerians. Ministers are urged to work closely with permanent secretaries to ensure accelerated and effective delivery of policies programs and projects in the priority areas. I've also directed the secretary to the government of the Federation to intensify efforts at deepening the work of the delivery unit under his coordination towards ensuring effective delivery of government policies programs and projects in the coming months. It is also my expectation that progress and the performance of the implementation of nine priority areas will be reported on a regular basis. In closing, I encourage optimal participation and contribution by all participants while observing all the necessary safety protocols and compliance with COVID-19 guidelines. On this note, it is my pleasure to formally declare the retreat open. I look forward to a very fruitful session, to very fruitful sessions and stimulating exchange of views. Thank you very much. God bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for high-level traders to learn valuable trends and strategies. Connect with other top traders and become consistently profitable. Click the link in the description of this video to receive a special offer on our revolutionary PS60 training. Access to our daily chatroom filled with experienced traders and so much more. Space is limited, so make sure you don't miss out. We look forward to seeing you in the room. Hey guys, good morning everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com weekend update show. I want to welcome all our friends who are joining us on the weekends, on Facebook, StockTwits, Twitter, and obviously the YouTube platform. Welcome aboard. If you haven't heard me or heard this broadcast for the first time, everything that we talk about is based on technical analysis, gathering data. Okay, I've said this for many, many years. It's going to be almost 20 years for me this May. Okay, and I've said this for many, many years. Opinions mean nothing. Okay, as everybody knows, at least if you've been following me for more than 30 seconds, you kind of know I am the self-proclaimed king of the idiots.    I need more direction. I need the market to tell me which way the wind is going to blow. I'm not that smart enough. Okay, none of us are that smart enough. None of us are that smart enough. We're not rich enough. We're never going to out-cute. We're never going to out-smart the market. We always have to let the market dictate to us which way we should allocate our capital. And it's very, very important understanding. And the one thing that, you know, because of social media and, you know, people are, you know, a lot of new traders and a lot of novice traders. They're so, they're so emotionally wrapped up about their positions. And if anybody knows me, my favorite stock, the trade is Tesla. Okay, I mean, hands down. I personally think it's, and I've said this numerous times, but I personally think it's probably top two of three best stocks that are trading in my life. The other one was Taser. If you guys remember Taser, especially from like the 2003, 2005 area was really, really an aggressive stock. And, you know, Tesla is one of these stocks that people really love or really hate, right? It's just, there's like no common ground. For me, you know, it's completely and pun intended a trading vehicle. I don't care if the company goes to 1,000. I don't care if this company goes to zero. Okay, would I rather have it go to 1,000? Because again, the people who are working for the company and the shareholders that have kids will obviously benefit. Nobody benefits from a company going bankrupt. So before you turn around and say, well, Tesla is going to zero, this one's going to zero. Think about the human side of what you're saying. Okay, there's going to be families, they're going to have a tremendous amount of bad financial implications. So before you talk about a company going to zero, just think about their people who work for their children, all that good stuff. So that's that. But as far as the trading aspect of it, we trade ranges. Okay, I'm a range trader, whether it's a daily range, whether it's an intraday range, I trade ranges. Okay, when the top of the channels get confirmed, right, I go long. The top of the bottom channels go short. I go short, right? There's no cut and paste, you know, there's nothing, there's no room for interpretation. This is why I always, especially for newer traders, I always try to champion technical analysis. Technical analysis, you don't need anybody. Okay, if you were put in a room, okay, put in a room and buy yourself.   And all you need to do is trust the charts, right? Trust the charts, whatever studies that you're using, trust them. Okay, if you can call yourself a trader, then you can say, I don't need social media. I don't need alerts. I don't need anybody to put myself in a situation that my account's going to grow and it's going to grow very, very organically. And it's going to really grow based on my input, based on my hard work, you know, trying to figure out my edge. And again, it doesn't mean my edge, right? I trade pivots, you know, you could trade futures, you could trade Forex, you can trade Bitcoin, whatever your drug of choice is, okay? You can trade whatever you want. But technical analysis is the ultimate judge, jury, and equalizer, okay? Somebody can tell me, Dan, you're wrong, Tesla's going to zero. Okay, I'm wrong. I don't care what you're saying. I'm either going to be right or I'm going to be wrong. Dan, I don't care what you're saying. Tesla's going to 1,000. Okay, I might be short at that time. Okay, that's great. The point is, folks, whatever decision you're ever going to make, based on putting your money in the center of the table, at least have validation, okay? Validation based on what you're seeing in front of you, gathering data. And again, if you're a new trader right now, and I get this question all the time, what's the first thing I should be doing is, get yourself 1,001 books on technical analysis. There's so much free information now because of YouTube, because of the internet, Japanese candlesticks, whatever form of technical analysis. There's no such thing as bad education. Okay, guys, there's absolutely no such thing as bad education. It's like saying, you know, I want to learn, you know, I want to understand less so I can earn more. It doesn't make sense. You want to try to understand as much as possible in the stock market, technical analysis. Again, if you're into fundamental analysis, understand that, learn how to read a balance sheet, learn how to read, you know, different type of filing. So that's your thing. For me, it's all about lines, right? The silly little lines, and it's all about what's going to happen next after gathering up information. And that's kind of what it is. Okay, so, you know, when I look, when I take a position, I kind of look where the stock has gone from and where it's measured potential. You always hear me talk about and use the word measure potential when I'm trading, especially over 60-minute channels, because we know, we can't guess where a stock potentially could stop. We need to understand why. And for, you know, for all the new people who are joining us right now and saying, ask themselves, well, why are there so many lines? Again, these are where the bodies are buried. This is where I know emotional buyers will meet technical sellers and we will kind of talk about them in a few minutes from the macro point of view. So, market continues to bounce. Yes, this is a bear market. Okay, this is a bear market bounce. You know, again, you could look, again, the eyeballs, the greatest indicator you have. You could just see the same thing happening over and over again. We broke down, right, double top here that we talked about in Nausia in September, broke below the 200-day moving average and started building. The longer something sticks, especially below the 200-day moving average, you are going to have a better high probability of a market imploding. Again, nobody ever talks about Armageddon going to zero, all that, you know, dramatic stuff. We just talk about orderly backtesting from supply to supply and demand to demand. That's all it is. And the longer it stays below the 200-day moving average, the longer that it could turn into something more than just an aggressive backtest. So, that's where we are, right? That's where we are. And you saw the data over and over again. You saw the bear market decline, right? They hit some sort of demand zone, right? Here, for example, you hit the linear regression line and we bounced, right? We had the bear market rally. We bounced into supply. We had the next wave of selling, okay? We held the lower Bollinger Band. And again, the next bear market rally, right? Into supply. And then the last one, right? The last one got very, very aggressive. And this is the hole where people talk about, maybe it's a Santa Claus rally, we have to rally. We don't have to do anything. Remember, the market doesn't have to do anything, okay? Just because traditionally, the market has done things over the last decade or so, nothing needs to happen, okay? That's the one thing. We're not entitled to anything. The Thanksgiving rally, the Christmas rally, the January effect, we're not entitled. Yes, right now, we're getting a pretty decent bounce in the markets. And we'll talk about the ramifications of that in a second. But again, remember, as a trader, the only thing you are entitled to is properly educate yourself, okay? And that's up to you.  And figure out where's the safest place to allocate your capital. And what we're seeing right now is exactly the same thing we've seen the last several times. We're seeing a bear market, aggressive move, and now we are going into support. And this is kind of where we talk about how great technical analysis really is. It really is one of the most purest, coolest things out there because there's no room for interpretation, okay? There's absolutely no room for interpretation. You can have an opinion about a company 10 years from now, okay? But you cannot have a room of traders looking at the same thing, digesting the same information, and having the difference of opinions. It's all about levels, the stock market trades and levels, whether you're trading the Qs, Tesla, Amazon, Netflix, anything, okay? You need to respect levels. And if you don't know where your levels are based on different intervals, daily charts, or weekly charts, or the 60-minute charts that I use for intraday cash flow opportunities, you know, you're trading blind.  So this is kind of where we are, okay? So nice bounce, right? Nice two-week bounce to start the year in the NASDAQ 100, in the Russell, right? In the Russell and in the Spice, right? Everything is good again, right? Even the bank stocks are rallying, right? It's all good, even Goldman Sachs is rallying, right? Unbelievable. And who would have thought Goldman Sachs would even have a two-day rally, let alone a two-week rally? So everything's all good in the world. Here's the problem, guys. Here, well, not either problem, but here's kind of the situation we are seeing. We are seeing, and let's talk about the NASDAQ 100 because this is primarily the members that I trade there. So here is kind of where we are going into this week. We are, in my opinion, in the bottom of the ninth with two outs and nobody on in this bear market bounce. And why do I say that? If you guys notice, the last time we saw this little line, right? This little aqua line, I guess it's aqua, right? We got rejected after a rally into the first week of December, right? This is where we got rejected, and this started literally a waterfall effect into a pretty disgusting, aggressive sell-off into the new year, right? So we're kind of faced with the same thing again, right? So here we are right here and the queues, the big number this week. And again, there's no room for interpretation. You don't need to debate with another trader about this. This is what's in front of us. So the 50-day supply on the QQ queues roughly around the 162.30s, 162.40s level, okay? This will be, again, the ultimate judge, jury and executioner. We're either going to get rejected off that level, okay? Close below and this measure potential will happen again, or we are going to hit that level, okay? We're going to hit that level again. The first rejection is pretty much in my opinion, I think it's going to be set in stone. Unless we get this massive gap up on some crazy news that nobody can foresee. I think what's going to happen is no matter what, we're either going to hit that number and have a light fade, right? Light fade and only to reclaim it a couple of days later, or we're going to hit that number and, well, take a look where possibly is going to happen in your future. So you have to know that level, okay? I don't care what you're trading.  Yeah, maybe I don't, okay? But maybe I do. And are you willing, and this is the question you have to ask yourself, are you willing to take that chance getting long into supply, knowing there's a macro rejection and oh, by the way, we have a history of it for the last three months of kind of playing out exactly the same way. So that 162, 30s level is going to be incredible. I mean, I can't emphasize it enough. It's going to be an incredibly important level, okay? And what you've seen in the last several days, and again, if you watch this broadcast going into last week, right, from last week, we talked about how important that 157 level is. Remember, guys, we talked about if the bulls can reclaim that 157 level, we should run the 62. So that's kind of where we are right now. So the dip buying, the dip buying that we are seeing in the last, especially in the last week, right? In the last week, this is all a product of stocks going from supply to supply to supply to supply to supply until the bulls at least reclaimed a 162.5 level on a close. This is all just a fundamental exercise of bear market rally with a potential of seeing the lows once again. Again, China, they've been talking about for God knows how long, right? The wall, this, that, the other thing. Listen, for me, I don't care. It doesn't make a difference to me. You have all these talking heads talking about the Fed, talking about this, talking about that. If you ask a professional trader, especially somebody who's been doing this for a very long time, especially in trades, a lot of their activity in the intraday cycles, what was the last time something really affected your trading, okay? From a macro point of view, the answer, it shouldn't. So all these excuses, it's a bear market. There's no liquidity. There's big spreads. The Fed, my wife, my dog, my parakeet, these are all excuses, guys. I'm sorry, it's all excuses from 2001 and 2003 when I couldn't make a dollar. Literally when I couldn't make a dollar. I had the same excuses as everybody else. It's too hard. I'm not smart enough. It's not the dot-com anymore. I don't know what to do. Oh, woe is me, woe is me, woe is me. Until I came across that whole self-reflection and just realized that pity is for the weak. And that's where I was. I was weak. I was the prey. I was the victim. I had every excuse in the world, but I had to make a choice. I'm either going to stop with the excuses and figure this out or I'm going to go away and become a statistic. Fast forward. Fast forward. Here we are again. I'm seeing a lot of traders with the same excuses. I don't have enough money. I don't have a big enough account. Well, do something about it. If you don't have enough money, you don't have a big enough account. After the trading, they drive Uber, drive Lyft. Get a job as a waiter. Get a part-time job. Do telemarketing. Do something that's going to give you an opportunity to build your account organically with a paycheck. Take half the money you make and put it into your trading account after taxes. Again, if you are willing to do whatever it takes, quote, unquote, I'm willing to do anything it takes. You have to actually be willing to do whatever it takes and you can't just sit there and hope and pray that somebody is going to give you the grace of God on your forehead and everything is magically great again. You have to make sure you take control of your own life. You have to make sure you take control of your own trading. And when you are a professional trader or an aspiring professional trader, it's not excuses. It's the results. That's it. It is the old adage that I really like. The world doesn't want to hear about the labor pains. We just want to see the baby. That's it. Everybody has excuses. Everybody has bills. Everybody has kids. Everybody has problems. We work things out. We're adults. That's what trading is. It's not a kid's game. It's not an area of your life that you're going to socialize and hopefully everything works out. It's an adult business for grown people who have families. And when you're trying, and a guy like me who has a family and a lot of you guys have the same way, when you have a family, you're going to do whatever it takes that you are going to win your battle on the other side of your trade. So again, guys, no more self-excuses. Nobody should ever have, especially in this day and age, with all the technology, with all the free information. Again, you don't need to come trade with me. You don't need to trade with me. You could trade by yourself, but take responsibility. It's very, very important. You can do it. You can absolutely do it, whether you trade options, futures, forex, stocks, bonds, baseball cards, whatever you want to trade, make sure you get the right education and make sure you are on the right path that you are in control of your own trade. Nobody else that you are in control. I think technical analysis is incredibly, incredibly for it. So here's kind of where we are. Here's kind of where we are. We saw the last couple of days of contraction, okay? And when you see contraction, what usually happens is a lot of professional market professionals kind of know where we are, okay? We're very, very close into supply. And if you look at the Nasdaq 100 stocks over the last couple of days, you can see some of the companies, right, are already at supply, okay? Already at supply and starting to get a little weaker. Look at Amazon, right? Look at Amazon, right? It hit supply three, four days ago, and look what it's been doing. It's just been hovering in supply, hovering in supply, hovering in supply. And now you can make an argument, right? The bullish case on Amazon. Remember, I'm not a bull, I'm not a bear. I'm an opportunist, okay? You can make that argument that Amazon is resting, right? You can make that argument. Absolutely, okay? You can make an argument that Google left that hit supply, right? It's resting. You can make an argument at the Roku hit supply. It came in. It's resting. But you guys see the common denominator here? Hit supply, faded. Hit supply, faded. Hit supply, faded, right? Everybody's getting common denominator. The problem is, if the QQQs, if these stocks cannot rally, okay, and the QQQs hit supply, everybody see where I'm going with this? These stocks will start going lower. Now again, earnings season starts. We got Netflix has been ridiculously hot, right? Ridiculously hot. We have Tesla, who's been ridiculously hot. We got a billion dollar, billion dollar investment from Larry Ellison, blah, blah, blah, all that good stuff. So there's a lot of stocks that are hot. Even the Vidya, right? Even the Vidya, who's been a really good trader over the last couple of days. We'll talk about the individual pivots from Friday. But you can see the majority of names already getting very, very tired. And the whole point is when stocks or ETFs or whatever the case may be, hits supply. That's what happens.  So if you want a very clean view of what a back test looks like, look what happens when stocks hit supply, right? Amazon hits supply at 1675. It went as low as 1621 a couple of days ago. Google hits supply, right? Hits supply at 1093. One is lowest to 1056. Again, nobody says so hitting supply will turn into the next wave of selling new lows, new lows, new lows, but at least have an understanding of what happens when stocks will hit supply. And you can go through a whole bunch of names here as well. Again, Alibaba hits supply twice, faded twice, right? Again, nobody's saying Armageddon, but again, we have to take into consideration the macro point of view of what could happen next. So again, going into this week, guys, again, very, very important. Just kind of make it short and sweet, right? 162.30s, this is the area. This is the do or die. This is the line in the sand. This is the area that I believe technical sellers will meet emotional buyers. Again, 99 out of 100 times, technical sellers will win.  Probably not. But if you are a trader and you are an active market participant day in, day out, it's incredibly important to understand where the micro potential in a macro channel looks like. So Friday's session, again, I've been saying this for a long, long time now. It's not how many trades you put on. It's how many trades you put on profitably. The days of trading 10, 15 stocks are over a day.  I'm averaging now like three to four trades a day.  I trade only six candles in the day out of the six candles. If I could get three to five, you know, three to five really solid pivots. Hey, who's better than us? And again, the greatest thing about trading beta, you know, I trade the same stocks over and over and over again every single day. Tesla, Netflix, Nvidia, Amazon, Google, it's the same things over and over again. So we understand their tendencies. We understand what they're supposed to do. We understand what happens when a pivot gets triggered by a second entry and all that good stuff. We understand this. So I, this is my, this is my macro and micro universe. So when these are the only stocks I pretty much pay attention to. Obviously I put in other names into the live webinar into the Twitter, both the Twitter live feed and the stock towards live feed. But for me personally, I stick to my names, you know, I stick to my names and Friday, you can see, and I get this question, you know, randomly from people all the time, what you guys are looking right now is the stock tweets feed. It's the same thing as the Twitter feed. It's just, we, you know, we do this on multiple platforms. So there is no cherry picking. Whatever you see me putting into the channel, these are the pivots, there's nothing else.  And, you know, these were the pivots from Friday and you can see it. Again, there's no cherry picking here. No video, 145, 70, 146 needs to build. The reason why, again, look in the video's chart. If you look at the 60 minute view, if you look at the 60 minute view on the video, here is the, you know, here is supply, right? Here is the supply right here. Once it broke above supply, just absolutely exploded, broke out when it's highs to 49 and change. Big move, again, there's no picking and choosing here. Again, you, and this is how you know Friday morning was a really tight session. What was the last time you guys heard me tell my General Motors, right? General Motors, again, I personally didn't take this trade. I couldn't care less about General Motors, but the more important is, again, it's not about me. It's about the process. And again, it's what you feel comfortable, not me. If I feel comfortable trading Amazon, you feel comfortable trading General Motors. It's the same process, just trade what you feel comfortable. So again, General Motors, 3730, pre-market high needs to build. And again, why is 3730 important? Here's the opening range candle. Once it built above that candle, 3730, went again to 38. Now again, in my world, right, when you train Tesla or Amazon, is a 70 cent move a big deal? No, it's not a big deal on Tesla. It's not a big deal on the video. It's not a big deal on Amazon, but it's a $30 stock and you get a really good aggressive channel with some good cash flow. Hey, who's better than you? So again, not everything needs to be the epicenter of the world either ending or continuing. Sometimes a trade is just a trade is a trade. Cash flow is just cash flow. Again, it all adds up at the end. So good job for all you guys who did take General Motors. I mean, what are you going to say about Tesla?  Again, I don't care which way I traded short. I traded long. It doesn't make a difference. So here's what we talked about, right? This is at 932 in the morning. Okay? It's not like we talked about it when it broke out. 932 in the morning is only six candles. Again, we take away the fear of missing out. We know where these channels should get reclaimed. So Tesla and I wrote here, it was been rejected 345, 344 three times. Okay. Not once twice three times needs to reclaim, build and go. And why was that area important? Right? Why was that area important? If you look at the 60 minute channel and you're not going to see it clean because again, you have to understand where it is. So here's the 60 minute channel. The top of this channel here is 334, right? 334 is the top of this channel here. The previous day high was 345, 39. Okay. So these are two points of interest, but I said, hey, if it can reclaim that 344 where it got rejected once, twice, three times, right? Four times, right? Once it get rejected, once it get reclaimed, it can go and, you know, Tesla put up that initial move, scaled back, right? Came back in. We use that second entry and the stock went from 334 to almost 348 and a half. So big, big move on Tesla as well. The videos again, we talked about the video absolutely exploded and again, I said, you know, nice aggressive early moves. Let's stay patient now. This pivot never triggered. You can see it here, but I really like this setup if Amazon actually wakes up. Okay. It needs to reclaim 1665 to go. Now again, just from the educational point of view, somebody's going to turn around and say, well, why is 1665 an important level? If you look right here, the candle right here is 1663, right? 1663, the high here was 1660. The Bollinger Band on Friday was 1665. So you can see it here. I think if Amazon can just start building above this channel here at 1665, then it can absolutely explode. Now here's the problem, right? If we get rejected, now we're looking for a channel to the downside, right? So if you just look based, if you just look at the chart, right, if you look at the chart, if we know the upside is 1665, right? If we know the upside is 1665, now we're looking for a sneaky candle back to the downside. So check this out guys. You see this whole sneaky channel right here, right? Everybody see the sneaky channel here? You have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11. You have 11 hours of distribution, right? And you already know daily chart, Amazon already got rejected, correct? Already got rejected here. So if Amazon, again, these are all levels that still need to be confirmed, but if Amazon can start building below this channel here, then you have all the way ruined to 1618. And if that channel gets confirmed and if the market starts backtesting, you can see how much potential you have to the downside. So again, there's nothing random about PIVOTS guys. We don't, you know, we don't put these things on social media to cherry pick any of these things. These are the levels, these are the levels, whether they could get confirmed or not. These are the levels, okay? So for example, I wrote in the afternoon that, you know, obviously never happened, but the Q's needed a 169.70. The bulls need that level to reclaim. Why was that level important? It's still at least still important. You can see it, 169.70, right? Look at the top here. Once, I'm sorry, 160.84, 160.86.  It's 167. There's obviously not 169.70, but you can see it. 160.70, it really needs to reclaim. And it needs to reclaim this channel here. If they could just reclaim this channel here and this bull in your band will go lower and the bulls will have a like to stand on. So there's nothing random about PIVOTS. Again, are PIVOTS for everybody? No, there's a lot of misconception that you need a million dollar account, a 50, 50 million dollar account. Look, do you need equity in your account to trade Amazon? Of course, do you need equity in your account to trade Netflix and Tesla? Absolutely, you can't trade with me with a $2,000 account. But at the same time, you don't need a $500,000 account. There's plenty of people in the live webinar have 25, 30, 40, $50,000 accounts. There's people in the live webinar who are under the pattern day trading rule. Not a lot, right? I'm not telling you a lot, but there are people who are under there who just want to understand the principles of why these PIVOTS work. Again, I demonstrated this through this week. I put two stocks that nothing to do with data. I think one was, you can go through, I think you can go through my Twitter account. One was AXSM, right? AXSM, and I wrote that there's a PIVOT here. I think it was whatever it was. And I said, if it could break below that channel, the stocks should go lower. Again, I had nothing to do with this. I didn't trade the stock. It wasn't for me. But I just want to show you guys that you don't need to trade data and trade PIVOTS. Again, as long as stocks trade in channels and there's liquidity, you can trade PIVOTS. So it's very, very important to understand that. I even took a small cap trade this week.  But I even took a small cap trade this week. Again, just to show you, I bought this APHA 660, went to like 690s before earnings. And then obviously earnings are actually pretty decent. It looks like it went to 720. But the point is you don't need to trade Amazon to trade PIVOTS. You don't need to trade Facebook and Tesla and Netflix to trade PIVOTS. These are organic channels, guys. Understand this. These are organic channels that once they are confirmed to the upside, to the downside, you have a very high probability of getting the measured room potential. That's all it is. So going into this week, folks, again, very, very important just to want to give you guys one last look. Again, queues are right in their, you know, right in their area of interest, 6,230s. We might get one or two more updates. Hopefully it could play out tomorrow. I would love to see early aggressions, you know, early aggression in the morning, hit supply, get short and hopefully make both sides smart. We'll see how it plays out. Again, I don't want to put the cart in front of the horse. But we know the 6,230s level is going to be super-duper important for the NASAC 100. The IWM is getting close to that as well. This 144, 60s area is getting there as well. Spies still have a little bit of room. That's why I say we still could have maybe one or two days of rallying or if it could happen all one day would be fine as well. The spies, you can see it. The spies around this 263 area. If it gets down there, this will be the day of reckoning. So for all you guys who are joining us tomorrow in the live webinar, please get there at 9 a.m. Eastern time. That's when we start morning strategy for all you guys who are joining us via the Twitter live pivot feed or the StockTwits live Twitter feed. It starts up, you know, it starts up normal time, right at the open. I put in the pivots early morning pivots there. Again, if anybody has any questions, feel free. Again, guys, it's all about education. It's all about strategy. God is great. Life is great. Love somebody. Make somebody smile and have a great trading week. I'll see you guys all in the field tomorrow. Later, guys.


Hello American to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says arrange the following rational numbers in ascending order. 4 upon minus 5 minus 6 upon 7 8 upon minus 15 and 3 upon 14. Now let's move on to the solution. The given rational numbers are 4 upon minus 5 minus 6 upon 7 8 upon minus 15 and 3 upon 14. First of all we would make the denominators of all these rational numbers positive. So consider the first rational number given to us 4 upon minus 5. It's denominator as you can see is a negative number so we will make it positive by multiplying its numerator and denominator by minus 1. So this gives us minus 4 upon 5. Now the next rational number is minus 6 upon 7. It already has a positive denominator. So let's move on to the next rational number which is 8 upon minus 15. Its denominator is negative. We make it positive by multiplying its numerator and denominator by minus 1. So this is equal to minus 8 upon 15. Now the next rational number is 3 upon 14. It has a positive denominator. So now the given rational numbers are minus 4 upon 5 minus 6 upon 7 minus 8 upon 15 and 3 upon 14. In all these rational numbers the denominators are positive. Now in the next step we find out the LCM of the positive denominators of these rational numbers. That is we will find the LCM of 5, 7, 15 and 14. Now we have 5, 1 times is 5, 5, 3 times is 15, then 7, 1 times is 7 and 7, 2 times is 14, then 3, 1 times is 3 and 2, 1 times is 2. So we have LCM of the numbers 5, 7, 15 and 14 is equal to the product of these numbers. That is 5 into 7 into 3 into 2 which is equal to 210. Now in the next step we express each of these rational numbers with this LCM that is 210 as the common denominator. So consider the rational number minus 4 upon 5. Now we need to make its denominator 210. So for this we will multiply its numerator and denominator by 42 since 42 5 times is 210. So this would be equal to minus 168 upon 210. Now in the same way consider the next rational number minus 6 upon 7. Here also we will convert its denominator to 210. For this we need to multiply its numerator and denominator by 30 since 37 times is 210. So this would be equal to minus 180 by 210. Now the next rational number is minus 8 upon 15. Here also we will convert its denominator to 210. For this we will multiply its numerator and denominator by 14 since we know like 15 14 times is 210. So this comes out to be equal to minus 112 upon 210. Now the next rational number that we have is 3 upon 14. So we need to make its denominator also 210. For this we will multiply its numerator and denominator by 15 since 15 14 times is 210. And this is equal to 45 upon 210. So we have expressed all the given rational numbers with LCM that is 210 as the common denominator. And now the number having greater numerator would be greater. Now from here we see that minus 180 upon 210 is less than minus 168 upon 210 which is further less than minus 112 upon 210 and this is less than 45 upon 210. Now we can say now since minus 180 upon 210 is equal to minus 6 upon 7. So we say that minus 6 upon 7 is less than. Now minus 168 upon 210 is equal to minus 4 upon 5. So here we write minus 4 upon 5. Now this is less than minus 112 upon 210 which is equal to minus 8 upon 15. And this is less than 45 upon 210 which is equal to 3 upon 14. Or this could also be written as minus 6 upon 7 is less than 4 upon minus 5 is less than 8 upon minus 15 is less than 3 upon 14. So now this is the required ascending order of the given rational numbers. Hence our final answer is minus 6 upon 7 less than 4 upon minus 5 less than 8 upon minus 15 is less than 3 upon 14. So this completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution for this question.


2018 was a fantastic a phenomenal year but like any family it wasn't without a share of funny mistakes and weird moments so here but a few that we put together to get what we don't have because we realize we don't have everything amen thank God for a black Friday's amen and alright so we'll do a little bit less enthusiasm and that's run our church let us pray for the Florida for the country of Florida let us pray number one don't let the pows passive spouse hinder you from your passion for God amen and with that said I want you guys to get ready for Jacob I mean Zaki Jesus goes through the Lee see Lee see of Galilee can everybody please give a big round of applause for Marianna she gives offering oh sorry Martin she's saying that her body feels hot in that energy is pulsing pulsating in her neck we believe there's prayer requests if you need prayer just you know fill it out there's a team that prayers for these every single day pet peeves here I just want you to know there's a four letter F word in that post that I want to expunge from your life and that is the word feel okay so I bless you guys and and the ushels will come and collect and I want to welcome for test let's pray Lord Jesus and there's a scripture that I want to share with you that happened all of you know the story of David and Gideon yes now before David was about to take David and Gideon Goliath I'm sorry and if you guys pray that prayer please write to us let us know I have prayed that pray pray that prayer we want to continue to pray for you to lift you up and to believe that God will do great things in your life and right away the barracuda fish swam I was about to say ran swam to to the other side of the glass but right now I'm gonna pray for your hip so take your hand place it on it place it on your hip that's the show that's the shoulder this is the hip now and Adrian feels arrogant compared to Johan and why because he's way bigger than Johan and I mean look at look at Adrian you almost got it you're going good see you got to always maintain that thing that you get with inflation you got a guarded and protected get the lawyers and live with guns and all this stuff and your hands are sweaty and stuff one eternity later okay you can hold you can just hold like this yeah so I want you to see this I want you to see this that's fine Raul right now you're asking for your brother yeah he has a liver cirrhosis and died and so I think the nodes didn't make it to the through the email today they will be there probably for the second service but for the first you will just get a chance to just listen to me without the sermon notes are added thank you your time is up please finish up I think that was the wrong slide we have a certain communication with the back over there threats I get threads your time is up exclamation exclamation exclamation amen alright so I'm under control guys the slide change it said sorry see I knew I should have done it from there from the get go acknowledge them and then would have gotten good slides


So I'm also a real Chris Dev on Twitter. And I work for a small development company based in Trinidad called Chris Dev. And my talk today describes the challenges that I faced in building a stock market, surveillance and monitoring application and how we overcame those challenges using a combination of Django and pandas. I don't work for the Securities and Exchange Commission of Trinidad and Tobago. So my views are my own. And right. So our talk is divided up in the four sections. So the first thing we do is talk about some background to the project. Then we'll introduce our solution architecture. And then we look at our Python or Django reusable app called Django Pandas. And then we take your questions, of course. Okay, so in 2011 the Trinidad and Tobago stock market was forced to migrate to a new trading platform. This was because the company that made the trading platform had gone bankrupt some years ago and could no longer maintain the platform or could no longer would give in support on the platform. So the new platform was great for traders but didn't provide a lot of the regulatory hooks that regulators needed for monitoring and surveilling the stock market. I had done some previous work with the Securities and Exchange Commission so I asked to present a proposal for a system that could bridge the gap. The requirements weren't really well structured but the two things that they wanted was that the system should be web-based because they wanted to share whatever system was developed with other regulators such as the central bank, ministry of finance and so on. And the data we must, or the system would use would be complete and finalized data. I never actually found out what that meant. But hey. And they said if our proposal was accepted we would then work with key users to develop a set of more detailed requirements to the project. Well of course that could only lead to one thing. The first thing we encountered was a very slow procurement process. I mean, we expected that as a government kind of bureaucratic organization but six months between tender in the proposal and discussing and accepting and sign off to the project that's a little long. But actually more surprising was the fact that there's a lot of mobility. One might think people working bureaucracies they're there for life. But that's not really true. There's a lot of inter-department mobility, people leave and so on. So that these so-called key users to tell the truth there's only one left who by the time we finish the project and we deliver the system to the key users who frame the requirements in the first place they've all gone on, they've been promoted, they've left the organization and so forth. And what we found is that a lot of the people replacing them they don't have the kind of statistical training or technical background for this kind of system. And in any case you have to try to explain, promote, sell the system to people like a new set of people every three or four months which leads to a number of problems. You have long lead times to decision making and then if the requirements that we had they would not well understood by the final users because if people who specify any requirements they're no longer there. And if people who, so if people were using so why do we have feature X? Because that's a requirement. Why is that a requirement? So you have to go explain the rationale sell the project once again. So and of course people would say oh you should use agile methods to deal with such problems. But in government contracting you find that there's an implicit waterfall model so that you have to, the requirements is a deliverable. And once the requirements are put in place they need to stay there until the end of the project even though they're no longer relevant or nobody understands why they're there. So, hi. So despite these challenges we were able to deliver a system to the end users. We started ruling it out in the third quarter of 2013. It's called MAS, Market Analytics and Surveillance System and it's a pretty, it's a standard Django application with a couple of exceptions. So this is the basic architecture components here. The things that, the front is obviously we, why are you using pandas? And then you see that Red Hat Enterprise in X5.2 and Postgres 8.2, in subsequent slides we'll explain why. Here's the system that are grammatically. So the setup, maybe I went to the slides too quickly but we have some really ancient Dell machines as servers but that's a legacy of server consolidation exercise that was done in 2010 and again in government style organization there's a five year period. So whatever it's done, that has to stay and we can't upgrade to 2016. Of your seatabiller, a modern Django application because Red Hat Enterprise in X comes with Python 2.5 we had to upgrade Python and we are in the process of migrating the system to Postgres 9.3. If you know any diagram, we had, we have two servers where we originally had three but one was taken away from us because an exchange server failed so it took our server away and we had to do with these two servers. So we have two GoniCorn instances and we use nginx, wrong Robin, load balancing. The PG pool is because we were using Postgres 8.2 or 8.3 or 8.1 when we started as required for replication. So we replicate the database between these two servers so we get some kind of redundancy or. So when we finally migrate to Postgres 9.3 we might get rid of the PG pool and replace it with something like PG Bonser. The system itself is very read centric because so we only have one place that we really upload data. It's not a real time system because again the users or the client wants to only look at final data. So in terms of data, we retrieve data from the trading systems, servers, log, we actually have a request FTP or SFTP system job that goes up and retrieves this log file which is an XML monstrosity and we parse it and load the data thanks to LXML because it's really really a horribly formatted Windows file. And so aside from the trading data we also have a bunch of scrappy spiders that we used to get data from various top markets in the region because they have to use it for comparisons and that sort of thing. And okay so what is pandas used for in the system? So we obviously we do a lot of statistical and time series calculation so there's a 40 of pandas and then one of the things that we found that we needed to do because it wasn't implicit in the requirements is that we needed to link trades and orders and be able to rebuild the history of trade from when the order was originally placed to when it was changed and so forth. So we use pandas approach of split, apply, combine to reconstruct trade order books and calculate duration and duration statistics. Our interesting use of pandas in the system is the ability to do pivot table analysis on the fly. So we actually generate pivot tables on the fly. Pandas has a lot of facility for data cleaning and we actually have used pandas in our jungle views because it could be easily rendered so a pandas data frame could easily be rendered as JSON or CSV or HTML or Excel. And we have a project called jungle pandas which provides a manager and some other functionality so that we could easily render pandas data frames from query sets. So let's talk a little bit about denormalization and caution. So with a system that is heavily statistical with a lot of statistical calculations, obviously we don't want to do that on the fly. So we have daily summary data so tables or models for storing daily summary data and these are populated when we actually load the raw data. And we also gonna extend the strategy to also cash at the database level if you want the more expensive statistical calculations. Strange enough, we're not really making that extensive use of caution except at the level of the dashboard. However, we intend to use a jungle cache machine to do some query set caution. And the thing that is holding back both denormalization and caution is the fact that the user requirement is that they must have total flexibility over date ranges and security so there's no standard queries. So you kind of limited as to what you could cash because they want to put in any data range so that they can get the statistics calculated. We're working with them to change their minds about that requirement. So these are some screenshots for the mass web app. So this is the dashboard showing some of the statistics calculated. This is our activity filter which allows the users to drill down from a trade and they could click on it any trade and see all the order history behind the trade. And now you'd expect this should be easy because clearly in any real system, if you have a trade, they would have a key linking trades to orders. But for some strange reason in this trading system, there was no link between trades and orders. So you actually have to use Panda's capability of getting a bunch of candidate groups where this trade could be linked to and then find the actual trade so that I don't know if you could see there's a green thing there. So that's the one that is the trade up above. So I don't think that could have been done easily with all pandas and it's only about four or five lines in pandas or using pandas. So this is a pivot table. So in this case, we taken a trader and we looking at his trades over a particular period and we pivoted or we break down by security and client and we're looking at the number of trades and you can drill down from this into the to find out more about the trades and orders that made up this any sell in the table. So this was, we use foundation five and the, it works best in Chrome and the users love that because they hate IE for some reason, right?  So high charts is used for charting, high charts and high stock. There's not open source. We use jQuery data tables for the interactive grid. The only criticism about that, about jQuery data is not responsive but it's improved a lot. Okay, so that's the traditional client if you wanna call it that. We also use the I Python notebook with this project. The idea came from one of our directors who wanted to give the ability of the analysts to perform ad hoc statistical calculations using the data that we had in the system. So we tried out, we did a number of experiments and then we came up with the best way to do it was to basically install anaconda Python on the users, Windows workstations, put the actual project source code and we have a minimal settings module and where the installed app only points to the models that you want to expose at the I Python notebook level. And we create a profile for each application that we want to use and I Python has this startup directory, so you put a script there that sets the part to include the application and sets the Django settings module so then you could import the Python objects in the context of a I Python notebook or sorry Django objects in the context of a I Python notebook. So then we can just start up a notebook using the command and then to make it even easier we create a batch file and stick it on the desktop so they could start and they believe it's kind of easy. So what was the users initial reaction? Ooh, you wanted to mentor a programmer, no way, right? Okay, so yes, yes, but a few weeks later the regulator, the central bank wanted historical data for mutual funds and they wanted it in a certain way. They wanted for each issuer, they want all the funds for that issuer, they want one spreadsheet, one workbook and a sheet for each issuer and that's like hundreds of about 40 something unit issuers and hundreds of different funds and they were gonna do it manually. So one of the analysts says, and they wanted it tomorrow here, so one of the analysts said, I heard you blabbing on about something that this thing could produce Excel spreadsheets, can you do something about that? So I sat down with the analysts and we came up with this, which basically did what they wanted, right? So when they saw that they became enthusiastic, right? And I put together some wrapper functions and I added some documentation to the notebook. So this is a section of this user's IPython notebook that they use all the time when they've been able to modify it. I just added the wrapper functions and I basically take some of the more complex stuff and I put it in the startup file. So, right. And now I'll talk a little bit about our Django pandas module and it's been useful in this project because we don't only use Django in the traditional way, but we try to use Django to the IPython notebook. So it has two basic modules, a IO module and a data frame module. So this is a typical Django model. This is how you use the read data frame method, which is currently the only method in the IO module. So it could, you could create a data frame with all fields, specific fields. You can give, you can create an index and you could use filters and excludes. The data frame manager is based on the pass-through manager by PM McClannan and it's in Django model utils, which is a great package by Carl J. So what you do is you overwrite the fourth manager with the Django, the data frame manager and that this gives you access to three methods. Two data frame, two time series and two pivot tables. The two data frame method does exactly what they read IO. The two time series method supports two kinds of storage models, the time series long and wide. So the wide is basically a bunch, each column in the off represents a column in the time series. A time series is a data frame index by a daytime object. In the long time series model, each, so in this structure, there's three different series and it's stored long. And when you use the two time series methods, it pulls them out and structures them as a data frame with a time series index. The two, we also, as I said before, support, but the real thing about it is, yes, you could use the, but the real is to subclass the data frame manager and build your own custom manager with the methods and business logic that you need. So when I started, my views used to look like this. I had a mix in with all the business logic to create a trade data frame. So my view classes were huge and then I realized I could just subclass my data frame manager and then I could put all the logic there. So then I just have a single line of clue that does what I had before.


Let us look at the classification or typification of various technologies which are used in CDN because CDN is something which is going to stay with us inshallah over time and we need to understand exactly how should we make a taxonomy. For that let us raise certain questions and then identify taxonomical relationships. The fundamental questions for CDNs is going to be, what is required in order to provide a smooth and harmonious composition of content. This particular decision is based on the CDN organizations, we just mentioned Netflix and Hulu and then the interaction of the nodes or the network elements with these CDN organizations name and use and their relationships and what is exactly the content, audio, video, multimedia, all text or for that matter a file to be downloaded and then played. How to perform effective distribution and how to make sure that it is managed well. For that the content selection determines the first and foremost requirement because if it is elastic traffic or if it is in elastic traffic it will directly impact how the distribution is going to be realized. Then the certain surrogates or proxies or the caching servers have to be deployed at optimal positions. For that some interesting relationships or algorithms could be thought such as K nearest server problem or K center server deployments. Then content outsourcing could be done at different levels, it could be in a hierarchical manner, it could be in a mesh manner and then the organization of the cache, I mean what is going to be the duplication or the redundancy level. The next question is how to forward or route the client requests to appropriate CDN nodes. For that certain routing techniques which are there to find the shortest parts would have to be re-engineered to behave like more optimized query delivery mechanisms. Then how to measure CDN performance, whatever algorithms are being used, there should be an ability to predict, monitor and report on the end to end performance of CDN. Regarding the robustness, reliability and security certain questions also come into mind for instance how to handle wide area failures in CDN, what are the proper tools which should be used for detecting the failure versus the fault line and versus the errors which occur probably could be just alerts, could be outright failures or could be mere alarms. How to ensure security in a CDN system because when something is distributed there could be so many actors or the bad guys adversaries which could have more important role in the widened attack surface. So we need some security solutions as well. Last but not the least let's consider scalability. If we are interested in providing a wide area or a large geographical coverage for application hosting then we need to have some kind of duplication mechanism, some kind of naming conventions and in addition we need some kind of failover plans to make sure that wide area applications continue to function for a very large number of users. The taxonomy could be defined initially for composition, distribution, request routing and measurement. Without going into too much detail let's look at composition that would involve the organization. Is the organization based on an overlay approach or it is going to have its own custom network devices. Other servers going to be replication servers as surrogates and then what are the relationships or what is the typical traffic flow, what are the interaction protocols in terms of the network elements and the caching or surrogate servers and then the service types for instance static content or dynamic content like RSS feeds or if someone's using a database update using Ajax etc and of course the multimedia content. For distribution and management we could equally have another taxonomy that talks about the content selection, the surrogate placement within a single ISP or across multiple ISPs then content outsourcing whether it is going to be pull based, push based or cooperative pull based. Then we could think about the organization of cache for instance what is the frequency of cache update and what is going to be the caching mechanism like how much of caching is going to be performed. For request routing or request forwarding we have another taxonomy that mentions the global load balancing achievement as an objective function versus local or topical load balancing. Then we have DNS based request routing where we translate from the fully qualified domain name to some kind of IP address then redirection where one HTTP URL refers to another one then URL rewriting or forced modification any casting actually means that the request has to be forwarded to all the content providers and the one which ever replies first would be entertained then CDN peering. CDN peering actually means that how the overall CDN servers are indexed and recorded and then how are these approached. For the performance measurement the taxonomy is very simple it starts off with the internal measurements versus external measurements. Internal measurements are pretty simple and there are so many tools which do not have dependencies on geography as such so pretty easy to use for external we need to have proper mechanism because it is beyond administrative domain in another autonomous system could be all together different administrative control so the measurement metrics are many we can think about proximity latency packet loss the bandwidth requirement the bootstrap time the frame rate in terms of videos and the overall application layer load on a single server. The statistics could be obtained at the network level by active probing or by promiscuously monitoring the traffic or active feedback as in agent-based reporting like SNMP from the surrogates. The resource that I've referred to is this book by Makhdoom Prathan Raj Kumar Bhaiya and Vakali content delivery networks by Springer. This is a series of lecture notes in electrical engineering.


Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. Ultrasound is not different from normal audible sound in its physical properties, except in that humans cannot hear it. This limit varies from person to person and is approximately 20 kHz 20,000 Hz in healthy young adults. Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several joghurtz. Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the non-destructive testing of products and structures, Ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, Ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and to accelerate chemical processes. Animals such as bats and portices use Ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles. Scientists are also studying Ultrasound using Gretchen diaphragms as a method of communication.